युनेस्को

युनेस्को (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. Its stated purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN Charter.[१] In total, 191 nations belong to UNESCO. The organization is based in Paris, with over 50 field offices and several institutes and offices throughout the world. Most of the field offices are "cluster" offices covering three or more countries; there are also national and regional offices. UNESCO pursues its action through five major programmes: education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, and communication and information. Projects sponsored by UNESCO include literacy, technical, and teacher-training programmes; international science programmes; the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press; regional and cultural history projects, the promotion of cultural diversity; international cooperation agreements to secure the world cultural and natural heritage and to preserve human rights; and attempts to bridge the world-wide digital divide. संरचना Three bodies are responsible for policy-making, governance, and day-to-day administration at UNESCO: The General Conference The Executive Board The Secretariat The General Conference is a gathering of the organization's member states and associate members, at which each state has one vote. Meeting every two years, it sets general policies and defines programme lines for the organization. The Executive Board's 58 members are elected by the General Conference for staggered four-year terms. The Executive Board prepares the sessions of the General Conference and ensures that its instructions are carried out. It also discharges other specific mandates assigned to it by the General Conference. The Secretariat consists of the Director-General and his staff and is responsible for the day-to-day running of the organization. The Director-General, who serves as the public face of UNESCO, is elected for a (renewable) four-year term by the General Conference. The staff currently numbers some 2100, of whom some two-thirds are based in Paris, with the remaining third spread around the world in UNESCO's 58 field offices. The Secretariat is divided into various administrative offices and five programme sectors that reflect the organization's major areas of focus. ज्याखंतः Designating projects and places of cultural and scientific significance, such as: Biosphere reserves, through the Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB), since 1971 City of Literature; in 2007 the first city to be given this title will be Edinburgh Endangered languages and linguistic diversity projects Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity Memory of the World International Register, since 1997 Water Resource Management, through the International Hydrological Programme (IHP), since 1965 World Heritage Sites Encouraging the "free flow of ideas by word and image" by: Promoting freedom of expression, press freedom and access to information Promoting universal access to ICTs Promoting pluralism and cultural diversity in the media Promoting events, such as: International Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World: 2001–2010, proclaimed by the UN in 1998 World Press Freedom Day, 3 May each year, to promote freedom of expression and freedom of the press as a basic human right and as crucial components of any healthy, democratic and free society. Founding and funding projects, such as: UNESCO-CEPES, the European Centre for Higher Education: established in 1972 in Bucharest, Romania, as a de-centralized office to promote international co-operation in higher education in Europe as well as Canada, USA and Israel. Higher Education in Europe is its official journal. Free Software Directory: since 1998 UNESCO and the Free Software Foundation have jointly funded this project cataloguing free software. OANA, the Organization of Asia-Pacific News Agencies International Council of Science UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors सिरपा युनेस्कोनं बीगु सिरपातः : Carlos J. Finlay Prize for Microbiology Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize Great Man-Made River International Prize for Water Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas International José Martí Prize International Simón Bolívar Prize Javed Husain Prize for Young Scientist Jikji Memory of the World Prize for individuals or institutions that have made significant contributions to the preservation and accessibility of documentary heritage. Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science L’Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science Sergei Eisenstein Medals for merit in cinematographic art. Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize UNESCO King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prize for the Use of ICT in Education UNESCO Mozart Medal for contribution to world peace through music and the arts. UNESCO Prize for Peace Education UNESCO Science Prize UNESCO/Institut Pasteur Medal डाइरेक्टर जेनेरल Julian Huxley, United Kingdom (1946–1948) Jaime Torres Bodet, Mexico (1948–1952) John Wilkinson Taylor, United States (acting 1952–1953) Luther Evans, United States (1953–1958) Vittorino Veronese, Italy (1958–1961) René Maheu, France (1961–1974; acting 1962) Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow, Senegal (1974–1987) Federico Mayor Zaragoza, — [[User:}|}]] ([[User talk:}|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/}|contribs]]) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. (1987–1999) Koïchiro Matsuura, Japan (1999–present) General Conferences 1st General Conference (Paris, 1946) - chaired by Léon Blum (France) 2nd General Conference (Mexico City, 1947) - chaired by Manuel Gual Vidal (Mexico) 3rd General Conference (Beirut, 1948) - chaired by Hamid Bey Frangie (Lebanon) 1st extraordinary session (Paris, 1948) 4th General Conference (Paris, 1949) - chaired by Ronald Walker (Australia) 5th General Conference (Florence, 1950) - chaired by Count Stefano Jacini (Italy) 6th General Conference (Paris, 1951) - chaired by Howland Sargeant (United States of America) 7th General Conference (Paris, 1952) - chaired by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (India) 2nd extraordinary session (Paris, 1953) 8th General Conference (Montevideo, 1954) - chaired by Justino Zavala Muñiz (Uruguay) 9th General Conference (New Delhi, 1956) - chaired by Maulana Abul Kalam Azak (India) 10th General Conference (Paris, 1958) - chaired by Jean Berthoin (France) 11th General Conference (Paris, 1960) - chaired by Akale-Work Abte-Wold (Ethiopia) 12th General Conference (Paris, 1962) - chaired by Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro (Brazil) 13th General Conference (Paris, 1964) - chaired by Norair Sissakian (Soviet Union) 14th General Conference (Paris, 1966) - chaired by Bedrettin Tuncel (Turkey) 15th General Conference (Paris, 1968) - chaired by Willian Eteki-Mboumoua (Cameroon) 16th General Conference (Paris, 1970) - chaired by Atilio Dell'Oro Maini (Argentina) 17th General Conference (Paris, 1972) - chaired by Toru Haguiwara (Japan) 3rd extraordinary session (Paris, 1973) 18th General Conference (Paris, 1974) - chaired by Magda Joboru (Hungary) 19th General Conference (Nairobi, 1976) - chaired by Taaita Toweett (Kenya) 20th General Conference (Paris, 1978) - chaired by Napoléon LeBlanc (Canada) 21st General Conference (Belgrade, 1980) - chaired by Ivo Margan (Yugoslavia) 4th extraordinary session (Paris, 1982) 22nd General Conference (Paris, 1983) - chaired by Saïd Tell (Jordan) 23rd General Conference (Sofia, 1985) - chaired by Nikolaï Todorov (Bulgaria) 24th General Conference (Paris, 1987) - chaired by Guillermo Putzeys Alvarez (Guatemala) 25th General Conference (Paris, 1989) - chaired by Anwar Ibrahim (Malaysia) 26th General Conference (Paris, 1991) - chaired by Bethwell Allan Ogot (Kenya) 27th General Conference (Paris, 1993) - chaired by Ahmed Saleh Sayyad (Yemen) 28th General Conference (Paris, 1995) - chaired by Torben Krogh (Denmark) 29th General Conference (Paris, 1997) - chaired by Eduardo Portella (Brazil) 30th General Conference (Paris, 1999) - chaired by Jaroslava Moserova (Czech Republic) External links Official UNESCO website UNESCO's reforms at a glance Director-Generals of UNESCO UNESCO offices worldwide UNESCO Culture UNESCO Red Book on Endangered Languages (Main site) UNESCO Red Book on Endangered Languages: Europe World Heritage Convention Asia Pacific Heritage UNESCO - Communication & Information Programme UNESCO - Information for All Programme World Press Freedom Day UNESCO Science Prizes UNESCO - Institute for Statistics Americans for UNESCO UNESCO in the Spotlight: Education and Culture blog UNESCO in the Spotlight: Science and Communications blog UNESCO - IOC Project Office for IODE, Ostend (Belgium) UNESCO Nairobi Education Programme City of Literature UNESCO Water, sustainable development and conservation of freshwater resources in the world