Ikike nke asọmpi

.The Autorité de la concFrench: [ ɔtɔʁite da la kɔ̃kyʁɑ̃s ]urrence</link> ; </link> ) bụ onye na-ahụ maka nche mba France. Onye bu ụzọ, Council Competition, hiwere na 1950s. Ndị ikike bụ Independent administrative authority [ fr ], na-ahụ maka omume omume nti na ike ọrụ. Aims iji hụ na ekiri maka iwu akwụkwọ "na nchekwa nke eserese zuru oke Ọ bụ ebe na anaghị ele ya anya dị ka ụlọ ikpe, ọ na- iwu iwu, na-eme elele, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na-enye akwụkwọ, n'okpuru ọchịchị na Ndịikpe Mkpegharị nke Paris na Onyeikpe Cassation . Ọ na- echiche Isi akụkọ nke iwu nke omume ya bụ Usoro Azụmahịa (ebe nke anọ) na isiokwu 101 na 102 nke Nkwekọrịta maka ọrụ nke European Union. Isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na Paris, na 11 Rue de l'Echelle (nwere ụfọdụ dị ka mkpokọta ma ọ bụ akụ na mụrụ dị na 6 avenue de l'Opéra) Akụkọ ihe mere eme Emepụtara site na iwu nke 9 Ọgọst 1953 n'ụdị kọmitii ịdọrọ na Minister for Economy, the Competition Council, dị ka aha ya n'ihu nsogbu site n'usoro nke December 1, 1986, ụdị, January 13, 2009 na dị ka Iwu. nke 4 August 2008 maka imeziwanye ọnọdụ akụ na ike, ikike . Ejirila ike ya jiri igbe ọkpọ, ajị iwu nke 15 Maachị 2001 na iwu akụ na-adị ọhụrụ (NRE Act) iji akara njikwa nke ihe ọrụ ezoro ezo. Nkwekọrịta ọrụ kọmịshọna nka na ọnọdụ ndị kachasị Ọchịchị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-alụ ọgụ megide cartels N'ime 1950, na ọnọdụ akụ na nyere na nyere mba ebe ọ bụ na iji ndị mbà n'obi 2, yana mmetụta na ụzọ ndị agha nke ime na Vichy na German nna nke French aku na uba ndịsị anya na- a anya anya na-adịghị ọcha. omume. Nkwụsi ike nke omume ụlọ ọrụ, mgbe ndị Vichy ebere, na-enyere aka iwu nke ahụ na-egosi nke ekere kwụ n'etiti ndị 3 . N'afọ 1953, ụlọ omebe iwu ahụ abụọ na-adọka na njedebe nke iwu na-egosi ọkwa nke cartels. Na January 1950, nwewe nke Henri Teitgen webatara bụ nguzobe ụlọ ikpe iche maka ike nke ike iji ekere iwu na-akwadoghị mana iji kwe ka ndị e chere na ọ dabara na ngwaọrụ 3 . ozi ndị ọzọ ewepụtara na-emezigharị isiokwu 419 na 420 nke koodu ụzọ iji taa egbochi. Rịọ maka echiche, iji gwa ndị omeiwu isi 5, Economic Council (onye bu ụzọ EESC ugbu a) akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Henri Teitgen, n'ihi ikike dị ukwuu nke ikike ya iche nke ọrụ ahụ na n'nchebe usoro ikpe ikpe achụpụ. ya. N nke ụlọ abụọ ahụ na-agba ume ka ha ikike ndị omeiwu mmegide 4 : Nkeji edemede 7 nke Framework Iwu No. 53-611 nke 11 Julaị 1953 na-enye ikike ime ihe "iji na-enwe ma ọ bụ weghachi. a free ụlọ ọrụ na azụmahịa" 6, dị ka omume nke iwu iwu na ike n'okpuru nke anọ Republic . Iwu French yikwara iwe na Charter Havana Ịmepụta kọmịshọn site n'iwu nke 9 Ọgọst 1953 Dị ka arọ nke atumatu nke "akụrụ na ego mgbake" nke Gọọmenti Joseph Laniel na-eduzi, nakweere na ndabere nke iwu iwu nke 53-704 nke 9 August 1953, ka "tụ omume ndị na-enye site na. ozi ahia ziri ezi. , megidere mgbochi 7 . Iwu ahụ iwu nke "mmachibido iwu niile nke na-Mmega ahụ nke nche zuru oke site na imegide mbelata ọnụ ahịa aha ma ọ bụ ọnụ aha ire ere". Iwu a na-emezigharị usoro nke 30 June 1945 bụ nke guzobe usoro nke mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu Iji iroyin ndị a mmejọ, na-kere a teknuzu Commission mmetụta, akiriede ndị òtù nke State Council, ndị ikpe nke ndị ikpe Kasị Elu na Ndịikpe Auditors, nakwa dị ka ndị ruru eru, na Minister nke akụ na-. Kọmiti a na-ahụ maka inyocha iwu nwere ike machibido katels, ma nwee ekele maka ikike ndị e mere ha. Ịbanye ma ọ bụ ụlọ ikpe ma ọ bụ site n'aka Minista Economy, Ndị Ozi Nka na Ụzụ nke na-enye echiche nye onye ozi nke nwere ikike naanị ịfe ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ikpe ahụ na onye ọka iwu ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ikpe ahụ na onye ọka iwu ma ọ bụ eweta. Nkwe onye ọrụ kọmịshọn nke ịlọ bụ otu ntụ na-ahụ 8 nke mmetụta uche nke Minista maka Economy 9 . Mgbatị ikike nke kọmitii teknụzụ gaa n'ọkwa ndị kachasị .Iwu n ° 63-628 nke 2 Julaị 1963 mgbakwunye 1963 ego maka 1963 gbatịrị ikike nke Technical Commission nke na-amazị okwu nke omume ji mara "otu n'otu ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi ìhè nke ike akụ na-arụ, mgbe ihe omume nke omume ji mara "otu n'otu ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi ìhè nke ike akụ na-enye, mgbe ihe omume nke Technical Commission nke na-eme ihe omume. ndị a bụ ihe ma ọ bụ nwere ike. Kọmishọna asọmpi (1977–1986) N'ịgbaso nsogbu mbụ mbụ na 1973, nke na-emebi nke ọma usoro a nakweere na France akwụkwọ onwe, nke abụọ nke Raymond Barre ji ngwaọrụ nkwado njikwa. Ọtụtụ iwu ga-ewusi usoro iwu iwu French ike Iwu n ° 77-806 nke 19 Julaị 1977 na-ahụ Commission Competition, ma ihe ikike ya na isi ihe abụọ. Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, Commission Competition mara n'ikike maka ịjụ "ajụ niile ajụjụ a na-ezo aka na ya site na Gọọmenti", na-adụ ọdụ na ịzụ ahịa ma ọ bụ ọrụ nke egwu uche. N'ime Mgbakọ nke 13 Machị 1981, Council of State iwu ikike iru eru, mana klaas ahụ dị ka "eji ọrụ ngwaọrụ" . N'ikpeazụ, Iwu No. 85-1408 nke 30 December 1985 na-emezi na-eru eru maka oge mbụ Commission nke "nwere onwe ikike ikike" . Nhazi nke Council Competition site n'usoro nke Disemba 1, 1986 N'ịgbaso ntọala ụzọ ndị nke 1986, na-akpata na mbụ imekọ ọnụ, Iwu Nke 86-1243 nke December 1, 1986 kagburu ndokwa nke Iwu nke 30 June 1945 nke nhazi nhazi njikwa. Ugbu a ọnụ ala "n'efu na-neyn saịtị na esemokwu" . Emume a na-esobe kansụl nkenke nke otu iri na isii, ndị nwere nwere maka awụ nke afọ isii na nke Minista nke Economy. Iwu nke usoro nke Disemba 1, 1986 nyere maka ịịfe egwu nke Council Competition n'aka onye ọka ikpe, n'agbanyeghị ikike omenala nke gaara aka na ikike nke ụlọ ikpe ụmụaka. Ejidere n'okpuru usoro iwu ya, Council Constitutional na-ekpochapụ bụ isi nke iwu nke Republic na "e nke ndị maka ihe ndị e kere eke ikpe, bụ n'ikpeazụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ikpe nke kagbuo ma ọ bụ àgwà nke ụlọ ikpe nke kagbuo ma ọ bụ isi nke iwu nke Republic akwụkwọ na" nke isiokwu ndị e mere na ikike nke ọha site n'aka ndị na-ama ikike ọchịchị, ndị nzaghachi, ndị kwuo obodo nke Republic ma ọ bụ òtù ọha n'okpuru ikike ha ma ọ bụ ọzụzụ" (mkpebi Nke 86-224). DC nke 23 Jenụwarị 1987). Iwu 2003-706 nke August 1, 2003 nke Nchekwa ego na-ejikọta njikwa nke ụlọ akụ mergers na iwu asọmpi nkịtị, site n'inye Minista Economy na mgbe a jụrụ ya maka echiche na asọmpi Council, ikike iji merie nsogbu asọmpi na ga-ebilite maka njikọta ụlọ akụ 20. Ebe ọ bụ na 2009 the Competition Authority .Iwu na-emeziwanye akụ na-ahụ nke 4 Ọgọst 2008 na-ebufe na ikike nchekwa niile ikike nke Council Competition, site na pastọ nkà ọhụrụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta a bụ ndị Attali Commission na ndị OECD akwụkwọ, n'ihi na e bu n'obi mee ka ọ dị mma n'usoro iwu ahịrị 21 Otu n'ime nnukwu ihe ọhụrụ nke iwu na-emeziwanye akụ na-ahụ nke 4 August 2008 (Nkebi nke 96) bụ ịfe na-echeta ọhụrụ, nke e, dị ka ikike onwe ya, njikwa nke mkpokọta 22 . Ndozi nke na-enyere aka iweta usoro iwu nke esemokwu French site na nke ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na steeti ndị ọzọ na Europe, na-enyefe ikike nwere onwe ya iche njikwa ọrụ ndị a 23 . Ntụaka Thomas Pez, " ," Nouveaux Cahiers of the Constitutional Council , n o 49,October 2015, P. 44-57 ( read online [ archive ] ) " " [ archive ] , on www.economie.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) b and c Claude Didry, Frédéric Marty, OFCE,201527 p.( Read online [ archive ] ) ( in ) Stefan A. Riesenfeld, " " , California Law Review , n o 48,October 1960, P. 574-595 ( read online [ archive ] ) Alain Chatriot " ," History, Economy and Society , vol. 27 th year1 st March 2008, P. 7-22 ( ISSN 0752-5702 , read online [ archive ] ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) Michael Wise, " ", Journal of Law and Competition Policy , vol. Flight. 71 st March 2005, P. 7-91 ( ISSN 1560-7798 , read online [ archive ] ) ↑ Michel Glais, " ," Industrial Economics Review , n o 1,1993, P. 45-83 ( read online [ archive ] ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) ↑ NEXINT, " " [ archive ] , on www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr ,January 23, 1987 (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " ," Economic Studies OECD , vol. No. 5,1 st May 2009, P. 113-146 ( ISSN 0304-3363 , read online [ archive ] ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 10 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] (accessed 10 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance (accessed 10 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on lemonde.fr ,September 18, 2014 (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on SudOuest.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.la-croix.com (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) https://web.archive.org/web/20190608114625/http://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/user/standard.php?id_rub=33 [ archive ] " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] ,March 3, 1993 (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr ,July 29, 1998 (accessed 12 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on www.legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 12 January 2016 ) ( read online [ archive ] ) Competition Authority, Missions, Presentation [ archive ] www.authoritedelaconcurrence.fr. site of the Competition Authority. NEXINT, " " [ archive ] , on www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr ,October 12, 2012 (accessed 13 January 2016 ) NEXINT, " " [ archive ] , on www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr ,October 14, 2015 (accessed 13 January 2016 ) " " [ archive ] , on Legifrance.gouv.fr (accessed 14 January 2016 ) NEXINT, " " [ archive ] , on www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr ,January 7, 2016 (accessed 17 January 2016 ) read online [ archive ] Council Notice of competition [ archive ]