Tsibirin Bijagós

Tsibirin Bijagós (Portuguese: Arquipélago dos Bijagós), sau da yawa ana rubuta Bijagos a cikin rubutun Ingilishi kuma an riga an san shi da Turanci da Bissagots (sau da yawa ana buga Bissagos), rukuni ne na kimanin tsibirai 88 da tsibirai da ke cikin Tekun Atlantika a bakin tekun Guinea-Bissau. Yanayin ƙasa An kafa tsibiran ne daga tsohuwar maɓuɓɓugar kogunan Geba da Grande de Buba kuma ta mamaye yanki mai fadin murabba'in 12,958 square kilometres (5,003 sq mi) . 20 daga cikin tsibiran nata suna da yawan jama'a a duk shekara, ciki har da tsibirin Bubaque da ya fi yawan jama'a. Babban birnin gudanarwa, Bolama yana tsibirin Bolama . Muhalli Akwai bambancin yanayin halittu: mangroves tare da yankuna masu tsinkaye, gandun daji na dabino, gandun dajin bushe da na bushe, gandunke na biyu da na lalacewa, savanna na bakin teku, bankunan yashi da yankunan ruwa. An ayyana tsibirin a matsayin UNESCO Biosphere Reserve a shekarar 1996. An sanya shafin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda mafi girma flamingos da mangroves suna tallafawa yawan mutanen da ba su da kiwo da tsuntsayen ruwa na hunturu, musamman adadi mai yawa na waders na Palaearctic, gulls da terns, da kuma manyan flamingos da Pelicans masu launin ruwan kasa. Yawan jama'a An kiyasta cewa yawan jama'ar ya kai 30,000 (2006) kuma ƙungiyar ƙabilar Bissago pp) ( Portuguese ) ya fi rinjaye. Tana da yawan matasa saboda yawan haihuwa da kuma ƙarancin tsawon rai. Tattalin Arziki Tattalin arzikin yankunan karkara ne, inda iyalai da yawa ke rayuwa daga noma da kamun kifi. Akwai wasu ayyukan yawon bude ido, galibi haya jiragen ruwa daga maƙwabciyar Senegal. Rashin kayayyakin more rayuwa da hanyoyin sadarwa suna hana ci gaban damar yawon buɗe ido na tsibiran. Tun daga farkon shekarun 2000, an fara amfani da wasu tsibiran a matsayin wuraren jigilar kaya don safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda ke canza yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na tsibiran cikin sauri. Tarihi A lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turai, tsibirai sun kasance tsakiyar cinikayya a bakin tekun Afirka ta Yamma kuma sun gina rundunar sojan ruwa mai ƙarfi. A shekara ta 1532, Sarki Joao III na Portugal ya ba da haƙƙin mallaka ga tsibirin ga ɗan'uwansa Luis, Duke na Beja da kuma haƙƙin kasuwanci mai karimci. A shekara ta 1535, Dom Luis ya aika da runduna don cin nasarar tsibirin, amma rundunar sojan ruwa mai karfi ta tsibirin ta lalata shi, ta bar 'yan kaɗan da suka tsira. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka Bijagós sun ki cinikayya da Portuguese kuma sun bi da duk wani jirgin ruwa da ya lalace, har sai an dawo da dangantaka a kusa da shekara ta 1550. Mutanen tsibirin Bissago sun zama muhimman masu ba da bayi ga Portuguese, suna ajiye rikice-rikicen tsibirin don mamaye ƙasar. A cikin 1849, tare da mutanen Bijagós har yanzu suna da 'yanci sosai, Birtaniya da Faransanci sun kafa wani balaguron hadin gwiwa don 'saucin' tsibirin, amma an ƙi su. Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa don kawo karshen 'tawaye na haraji' a cikin tsibirai a farkon karni na 20 amma sun kasa. Portugal ba ta mamaye tsibirin ba har zuwa shekara ta 1937. Masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Austrian kuma mai ɗaukar hoto Hugo Bernatzik ne ya ziyarci Bijagós a cikin 1930-1931, wanda ya rubuta rayuwar yau da kullun tsakanin mutanen Bidyogo. Makarantar Lafiya da Magungunan Tropical ta London tana gudanar da bincike a nan don nazarin warkarwa ga wasu cututtukan cututtukani masu yaduwa a duniya. Saboda tsibirai suna warewa akwai karancin haɗarin gurɓata sakamakon fiye da sauran wurare. A cikin 2025, UNESCO ta sanya tsibirin a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya. Manazarta