Jasiiradaha Bijagós

Jasiiradaha Bijagós (Af Bortaqiis: Arquipélago dos Bijagós), oo inta badan si khaldan loogu qoro Bijagos qoraalka Ingiriisiga oo hore loogu yaqaanay Ingiriisi Bissagots (oo inta badan si khaldan loogu qoro Bissagos), waa koox ka kooban qiyaastii 88 jasiiradood iyo jasiirado yaryar oo ku yaalla Badweynta Atlaantik xeebta Guinea-Bissau. Juqraafiga Jasiiraduhu waxay ka samaysmeen delta qadiimi ah ee Geba iyo Grande de Buba waxayna ku fidsan yihiin aag dhan 12,958 km2 (5,003 sq mi). Labaatan ka mid ah jasiiradaha ayaa la deggan yahay sannadka oo dhan, oo ay ku jirto jasiiradda ugu dadka badan, Bubaque. Caasimadda maamulka, Bolama waxay ku taal jasiiradda Bolama. Deegaanka Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho sare oo deegaan ah: mangroves oo leh aagag intertidal ah, kaymaha timirta, kaymaha qalalan iyo kuwa badh-qalalan, kaymaha labaad iyo kuwa nabaad-guuray, savanna xeebaha, xeebo ciid ah iyo aagag biyood. Jasiiradaha waxaa loo aqoonsaday Kaydka Biosphere ee UNESCO sannadkii 1996. Goobta waxaa loo qoondeeyay Goob Shimbireed oo Muhiim ah (IBA) oo ay samaysay BirdLife International sababtoo ah dhoobada intertidal iyo mangroves waxay taageeraan dad aad u tiro badan oo shimbiraha biyaha ah oo aan tarmin iyo kuwa jiilaalka, gaar ahaan tiro aad u badan oo socdaal Palaearctic waders, gulls iyo terns, iyo sidoo kale greater flamingos iyo pink-backed pelicans. Dadweynaha Dadweynaha waxaa lagu qiyaasay 30,000 (2006) waxaana ku badan qowmiyadda Bissago (Af Bortaqiis: Bijagó). Waxay leedahay dad da'yar oo qaraabo ah sababtoo ah heerka dhalashada oo sarreeya iyo rajada nolosha oo hooseysa.[xigasho u-baahan] Dhaqaalaha Dhaqaaluhu inta badan waa miyi, qoysas badan ayaa ku nool beerashada iyo kalluumeysiga. Waxaa jira hawlo dalxiis oo qaar ka mid ah, inta badan doonyaha laga kireysto Senegal ee deriska ah. La'aanta kaabayaasha iyo xiriirka isgaarsiinta ayaa ka hortagaya horumarinta awoodda dalxiis ee jasiiradaha.[xigasho u-baahan] Laga bilaabo horraantii 2000-meeyadii, dhowr ka mid ah jasiiradaha ayaa bilaabay in loo isticmaalo goobo lagu kala beddelo narcotraffic, taas oo si dhakhso ah u beddeleysa qaab-dhismeedka bulsho iyo dhaqaale ee jasiiradaha. Taariikh Waqtiyadii ka hor gumaysiga Yurub, jasiiraduhu waxay udub dhexaad u ahaayeen ganacsiga xeebaha Galbeedka Afrika waxayna dhisteen ciidan badeed awood leh. Sannadkii 1532, Boqor Joao III of Portugal wuxuu walaalkiis Luis, Duke of Beja u dhiibay xuquuq magac ahaan u ah jasiiradaha iyo sidoo kale xuquuq ganacsi oo deeqsinimo leh. Sannadkii 1535, Dom Luis wuxuu diray ciidan si uu u qabsado jasiiradaha, laakiin ciidanka xooggan ee jasiiradaha ayaa burburiyay, iyadoo laga tagay dad yar oo ka badbaaday. Sanado badan ka dib Bijagós waxay diideen inay ganacsi la yeeshaan Portuguese waxayna si adag ula dhaqmeen badmaax kasta oo markabku ku degay, ilaa xiriirkii dib loo soo celiyay qiyaastii 1550. Jasiiradaha Bissago waxay markaas noqdeen bixiyeyaal muhiim ah oo addoomo u ah Portuguese, iyagoo iska dhigaya loolanka jasiiradaha dhexdooda si ay u weeraraan dhul-weynaha. Sannadkii 1849, iyadoo dadka Bijagós ay weli si adag u madaxbannaan yihiin, Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay sameeyeen duullaan wadajir ah si ay u 'pacify' jasiiradaha, laakiin waa laga celiyay. Portuguese-ku waxay isku dayeen dhowr jeer inay dumiyaan 'shakiga cashuuraha' ee jasiiradaha horraantii qarnigii 20-aad laakiin inta badan way ku guuldareysteen. Jasiiradaha si rasmi ah looguma darin Portugal ilaa 1937. Bijagós waxaa soo booqday antropologist iyo sawir qaade reer Austria ah Hugo Bernatzik sannadihii 1930–1931, kaas oo diiwaangeliyay nolol maalmeedka dadka Bidyogo. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ayaa cilmi-baaris ku samaynaysa halkan si ay u barato daawooyinka qaar ka mid ah cudurrada faafa ee ugu dhimashada badan adduunka. Sababtoo ah jasiiraduhu waa kuwo aad u go'doonsan waxaa jira khatar yar oo wasakh ah oo ku timaadda natiijooyinka marka loo eego meelaha kale. Sannadkii 2025, jasiiradaha waxaa loo qoondeeyay Goob Dhaxal-dugsiyeedka Adduunka oo ay leedahay UNESCO. Dhaqanka Sababo la xiriira dhibaatooyinka isgaarsiinta ee dhul-weynaha Guinea-Bissau oo weli jira ilaa maantadan, dadweynuhu waxay leeyihiin heer aad u sarreeya oo ah autonomy waxayna ka gaashaameen dhaqankooda awoowe saameyn ka baxsan. Afka Bijago ayaa lagula hadlaa Portuguese iyo creole. Qoraa Paulo Feytor Pinto wuxuu qoray in, qiyaastii 2024, Kriol Guinensi uu yahay afka ugu caansan magaalooyinka, halka Bidyogo uu yahay afka ugu caansan miyiga, iyadoo Kriol Guinensi uu halkaas ka yahay af labaad. Sida laga soo xigtay Pinto, marka loo eego Portuguese-ka, "marar badan lama isticmaalo, xitaa iskuulka ama macallimiinta dhexdooda." Qaar ka mid ah qorayaasha waxay ku doodayaan in dhaqanka Bijago uu u janjeero inuu noqdo matriarchal, iyadoo haweenku ay maareynayaan qoyska, dhaqaalaha, sharciga, iyo sidoo kale bilaabista shukaansiga (haweenku waxay doortaan raggooda waxayna joojiyaan guurka). Isha kale ayaa ku muransan tan waxayna soo jeedinayaan in baaritaan dhow ay muujisay bulsho asal ahaan patriarchal ah halkaas oo haweenku, in kasta oo ay ka qaybqaataan wax soo saarka maaddada iyo doorarka muhiimka ah ee arrimaha bulshada, siyaasadda, iyo diinta, ay ahaanayaan kuwo aan sinnaan u lahayn ragga. Daraasad 2016 ah ayaa soo jeedisay in heerka haweenka ee bulshada Bijagos uu hoos u dhacay intii lagu jiray xilligii addoonsiga (malaha sababtoo ah saameynta Yurub) laakiin waxay noqotay mid aad u qiimo badan mar kale wakhtiyadii dhowaa. Sannadkii 2012, daraasad uu sameeyay cilmiga bulshada ee Bissau-Guinean Boaventura Santy ayaa baartay matalaadda bulshada ee dadka jasiiradda Formosa Bijagó ee ku saabsan khataraha suurtagalka ah ee isbeddelka cimilada. Daraasadu waxay ku soo gabagabeysay in "Bijagó dabiiciga ah iyo bulshada ay yihiin kuwo aan kala go 'lahayn, ilaa heer ay dhibaato ku timaado nidaamka bulshada ay yeelan doonto saameyn xun" nidaamka dabiiciga ah. Gaar ahaan, waxay ahayd la'aanta is-waafajinta u dhaxaysa bulshada, awoowayaasha iyo adduunka aan caadiga ahayn ee loo arko inay sababayaan is-waafajin la'aan deegaanka. Sida 2024 dadka qaar ka mid ah waddamada deriska ah ee Faransiiska ku hadla ayaa ku sugan jasiiradaha, waxayna isticmaalaan Faransiiska, iyadoo ay la socdaan dalxiisayaasha ka yimid waddamada Faransiiska ku hadla. Farshaxanka Dadka Bijagós waxay soo saaraan waxyaabo badan oo loo isticmaalo maalin kasta iyo cibaado iyagoo raacaya calaamado dhaqameed oo u gaar ah dhaqankooda, waxayna muujiyaan kala duwanaansho jasiirad ilaa jasiirad. Ka mid ah farshaxanka Bidyogo ee ugu cajiibsan waa meelaha lagu cibaadeysto ee awoowayaasha ("iran") iyo maaskaro zoomorphic ah oo matalaya lo'da ("vaca-bruta"), shark, stingrays iyo, mararka qaarkood, xayawaanka kale ee maxalliga ah. Farshaxanada si dhaqameed loo qurxiyey ayaa sidoo kale loo soo saaraa xafladaha "fanado" ee soo socda (maaskaro alwaax ah, warmo, gaashaanno, madax-gashiyo, jijimooyin), hawlaha maalinlaha ah (kalluumeysiga, beeraha) iyo isticmaalka shakhsiyeed (kuraas, dambiilo, cunto). Quruxdeeda gaarka ah waxay ka dhigtaa farshaxanka Bidyogo mid si fudud looga sooci karo farshaxanada kale ee qabaa'ilka Afrika. Waxbarashada Dugsiga sare ee jasiiradaha waa Bubaque High School. Ardayda dugsiga hoose waxay bilaabeen inay wax ku bartaan Kriol iyo Portuguese 1986. Kahor 2008, fikradda waxay ahayd in ardayda dugsiga sare ay wax ku bartaan oo keliya Portuguese, iyadoo ardaydu ay ka fogaanayaan Kriol oo ay u socdaan dhanka Portuguese, laakiin sannadkaas waxbarashada dhexdhexaadka ah ee Kriol ayaa lagu soo bandhigay heerka dugsiga sare. Luigi Scantamburlo, wadaad Talyaani ah, ayaa isku dubariday waxbarashada laba-luuqadlaha ah ee jasiiradaha. Waxbarashada laba-luuqadlaha ah ayaa dhammaatay 2022 sababtoo ah hawlgabka wadaadka. Dadka caanka ah Benkos Biohó, boqorkii hore ee Afrika ee loo dhoofiyay Cartagena, Colombia intii lagu jiray ganacsiga addoonsiga laakiin ku guuleystay inuu baxsado oo aasaasay tuulada maroon ee loo yaqaan San Basilio de Palenque. Sidoo kale eeg List of islands of Guinea-Bissau João Vieira and Poilão Marine National Park Tixraacyo Isha "Bijagós Islands." Encyclopædia Britannica An article about the land and the people of Bijagós Archipelago Rodney, Walter (May 1966). A History of the Upper Guinea Coast, 1545-1800 (PDF) (Thesis). ProQuest. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-07. Stallibrass, Edward (1889). "The Bijouga or Bissagos Islands, West Africa". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. 11 (10). Royal Geographical Society: 595–601. doi:10.2307/1801045. JSTOR 1801045. TVEDTEN, Inge The Difficult Transition from Subsistence to Commercial Fishing. The Case of the Bijagbs of Guinea-Bissau. Pages 129 to 130 In VAN GINKEL, Rob and VERRIPS, Jojada (editors) MAST (Maritime Anthropological Studies) Vol. 3, No. 1 1990 Krips Repro, Meppel, The Netherlands. Xiriirinta dibadda Saving Paradise: Bijagós Archipelago