Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant

Wani lokacin ana kiranta Beles II ko Tana Beles, tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a Habasha kusa da Tafkin Tana . Tashar wutar lantarki tana karɓar ruwa daga tafkin ta hanyar canja wurin Tana-Beles kuma bayan amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki, ana fitar da ruwa cikin Kogin Beles. Shirin yana da ƙarfin shigarwa na 460 MW, yana mai da shi tashar wutar lantarki ta biyu mafi girma a kasar. Hakanan ana sa ran zai taimaka wajen samar da ruwa don ban ruwa na hekta 140,000 hectares (350,000 acres) (acre 350,000). An kaddamar da shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 kuma janareta na karshe ya fara aiki a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2012. Gininsa ya kasance mummunan ra'ayi daga Masar. Tarihi da gini In 1992, the first feasibility study was completed for the project, a 200 MW power station. A later study and final design was completed in 2005 by Studio Pietrangeli for the current 460 MW plant. The Government of Ethiopia signed a contract with Salini Costruttori to build the plant on July 8, 2005, and construction began soon after. Because of the project's remote location, transportation and manning of personnel and equipment was difficult, often taking 4–5 months for supplies to arrive. On June 2, 2007, a tunnel boring machine (TBM), operated by SELI, began boring the 7.2 kilometres (4.5 mi) tailrace tunnel and completed it on May 31, 2008. Tunneling was carried out seven days a week in three eight-hour shifts a day. The TBM averaged 20 metres (66 ft) per day while in January 2008, a maximum daily amount of 36 metres (118 ft) was achieved. The TBM for the 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) headrace tunnel broke through, completing it on August 11, 2009. Salini Costruttori awarded a sub contract to construct the actual power station to VA Tech Hydro. On May 11, 2010, the first 115 MW generator at the power plant began operation and on May 14, 2010, the plant was inaugurated. The project's cost was around $500 million USD. The power plant was fully operational in February 2012. Tsarin Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Beles yana karɓar ruwa daga Tafkin Tana inda ake canja wurinsa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki sannan a fitar da shi ta wata hanyar rami zuwa Kogin Beles. Ana fara yin hakan ta hanyar shiga tafkin Tana, inda tashar wutar lantarki za ta iya amfani da 9,120,000,000 cubic metres (7,390,000 acre⋅ft) na girman tafkin don samar da wutar lantarki. Tashar shiga ita ce 43 metres (141 ft) faɗi, 11.5 metres (38 ft) mai tsayi kuma kwararar sa zuwa cikin ramin tseren kai tsaye tana ƙarƙashin ikon kofofin ambaliyar ruwa guda biyar. Ramin tseren kai tsaye yana canja wurin ruwan zuwa kudu maso yamma tare da titinsa 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) tsawonsa a cikin diamita na 8.1 metres (27 ft) . A ƙarshen ramin tseren kai, yana canzawa zuwa 6.5 metres (21 ft)diamita da 270 metres (890 ft) dogon bututun ruwa kafin isa tashar wutar lantarki. A tashar wutar lantarki, ana isar da ruwa ga injinan turbines guda huɗu na Francis waɗanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga janareta guda huɗu masu ƙarfin MW 115. Tashar wutar lantarki nau'in kogo ne kuma ƙarfinta shine 82 metres (269 ft) tsayi, 17.6 metres (58 ft) tsayi da 38.5 metres (126 ft)faɗin . Yana da 91.2 metres (299 ft) zurfi da 8 metres (26 ft) kuma ramin hawan igiyar ruwa mai diamita. Da zarar an yi amfani da ruwan wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, sai a fitar da shi daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa Kogin Beles ta hanyar 7.2 kilometres (4.5 mi) ramin tseren baya mai diamita iri ɗaya da na tseren kai. Matsakaicin matakin ruwa a mashigar ruwa shine 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) sama da matakin teku kuma tashar wutar lantarki tana da nisan 1,450 metres (4,760 ft), wanda ke ba da damar 350 metres (1,150 ft) na kan ruwa mai amfani da ruwa . Ana kuma sa ran aikin zai taimaka wajen ban ruwa ga 140,000 hectares (350,000 acres) a nan gaba ma. Manazarta Ana ɗaukar Binciken Tasirin Muhalli na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Beles a matsayin wani abu na yau da kullun kuma ba za a iya gano shi ba. An yi nazarin tasirin watsa ruwan Tana-Beles a zamantakewa kuma an buga sakamakon a cikin Mujallar Hydrology mai suna: ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin kwararar ruwan kogin Beles ya haifar da nutsewar mutane 250 tsakanin 2010 da 2018. Duk da haka, mummunan tasirin da ke kan rayuwar karkara ya mamaye manufofin ci gaban ƙasa (samar da wutar lantarki). Kuɗaɗen waje (jure wa lalacewa) mutanen yankin ne, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙarfin ciniki. Hamayya ta Masar Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant wani bangare ne na babbar matsala tsakanin kasashen Kogin Nilu kamar yadda Kogin Beles ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga Blue Nile kuma Tafkin Tana yana ba da kwandon. Bayan kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki, an saki sanarwa daga taron jami'an Masar, daya daga cikinsu shine "Tana Beles dam yana da niyyar tayar da fushin Masar kuma ya jagoranci ta dauki mataki na diflomasiyya da sauri wanda zai juya ra'ayin duniya don goyon bayan ƙasashen Nilu. " Jami'an, da yawa da ke da hannu a yankin Kogin Nilu, sun bayyana cewa ba su da wani bayani game da aikin. An kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a lokaci guda yayin da aka sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tsarin hadin gwiwa kan Kogin Nilu ta kasashe masu tasowa kamar Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, da Habasha, amma kasashe masu laushi Sudan da Masar sun ki sanya hannu. A karkashin yarjejeniyar mulkin mallaka, Sudan da Masar ne kawai za su amfana daga kwararar Nilu kuma za su iya ƙin duk wani aikin da zai hana shi. Manazarta