Amincewa ta Kasa

Amintacciyar ƙasa ( Welsh : Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol ) ƙungiya ce ta agaji da kuma ƙungiyar mambobi ta kare kayan tarihi da na halitta a Ingila, Wales da Arewacin Ireland . An kafa Asusun a shekarar 1895 ta hannun Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter da Hardwicke Rawnsley don "haɓaka kiyayewa ta dindindin don amfanin Ƙasar Filaye da gidaje (gami da gine-gine) na kyawawan gine-gine ko abubuwan tarihi". Tun daga lokacin an ba ta ikon doka, tun daga Dokar Amincewa ta Ƙasa ta 1907. A tarihi, Asusun yana samun filaye ta hanyar kyauta kuma wani lokacin ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da roƙon jama'a, amma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu asarar gidajen ƙauye ya haifar da samun irin waɗannan kadarorin ko dai ta hanyar kyauta daga tsoffin masu su ko ta hanyar Asusun Filaye na Ƙasa . Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu filaye a Burtaniya, Trust tana da kusan 250,000 hectares (620,000 acres; 2,500 km2; 970 sq mi) na ƙasa da 780 miles (1,260 km) na bakin teku. Kadarorinta sun haɗa da gidaje sama da 500 na tarihi, gidajen sarauta, abubuwan tarihi na kayan tarihi da na masana'antu, lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, da wuraren adana yanayi . Yawancin kadarorin a buɗe suke ga jama'a akan kuɗi (membobi suna da shiga kyauta), yayin da wuraren buɗe ido kyauta ne ga kowa. Asusun yana da kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara kusan £724. miliyan a shekarar 2023/24, galibi daga biyan kuɗin membobinsu, gudummawa da gado, kuɗin shiga kai tsaye na kadarori, ribar da aka samu daga shaguna da gidajen cin abinci, da kuma jarin da aka zuba. Hakanan tana karɓar tallafi daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da wasu ƙungiyoyin agaji, ma'aikatun gwamnati, hukumomin ƙananan hukumomi, da Asusun Gado na Ƙasa na Lottery . Tarihi Wadanda suka kafa An kafa Hukumar Kula da Ƙasa a ranar 12 ga Janairu 1895 a matsayin Hukumar Kula da Ƙasa don Wuraren Tarihi ko Kyawun Halitta, wanda har yanzu shine sunan doka na ƙungiyar. Wadanda suka kafa ta su ne Octavia Hill, lauya Sir Robert Hunter da kuma limamin coci Hardwicke Rawnsley . A shekara ta 1876, Hill, tare da 'yar uwarta Miranda Hill, sun kafa wata ƙungiya don "yaɗa ƙaunar abubuwa masu kyau a tsakanin 'yan'uwanmu matalauta". An sanya wa Kyrle suna bayan John Kyrle, ƙungiyar Kyrle ta yi fafutukar neman wurare masu buɗewa don amfanin mazauna birane, da kuma samun rassan kayan ado, kiɗa, da adabi. Hunter ya kasance lauya ga Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Jama'a, yayin da Rawnsley ya yi fafutukar kare Gundumar Tafki . Hunter ya gabatar da ra'ayin kamfani mai ikon mallakar gine-gine da filaye a shekara ta 1894. A watan Yulin 1894, wani majalisa ta wucin gadi, karkashin jagorancin Hill, Hunter, Rawnsley da Hugh Grosvenor, Duke na 1 na Westminster, sun yi taro a Grosvenor House kuma suka yanke shawarar cewa a sanya wa kamfanin suna Amintaccen Ƙasa don Wuraren Tarihi ko Kyawun Halitta. An gabatar da takardun haɗin gwiwa ga Hukumar Kasuwanci kuma a ranar 12 ga Janairun 1895, an yi wa Amintaccen rajista a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kamfanoni . Manufarta ita ce "haɓaka kiyayewa ta dindindin don amfanin Ƙasar Filaye da Gidaje (gami da gine-gine) na kyawawan wurare ko abubuwan tarihi". Shekarun farko Hukumar National Trust ta sami filinta na farko a farkon 1895; Fanny Talbot, abokin Rawnsley, ne ya bayar da gudummawar Dinas Oleu, a kan dutse a saman Barmouth a Wales. An sayi ginin farko na wannan amintaccen a shekara mai zuwa; An sayi Gidan Clergy na Alfriston, wani gida na ƙarni na 14 a ƙauyen Sussex na Alfriston, akan £10 kuma an buƙaci ƙarin £350 don gyara. A shekarar 1907, Hunter ta tsara Dokar Amincewa ta Ƙasa ta farko, wadda Majalisar Dokoki ta amince da ita, kuma ta ba wa amintaccen ikon ayyana ƙasarta ba za a iya kwace ta ba, ma'ana ba za a iya sayar da ita ba tare da amincewar majalisar dokoki ba. Bugu da ƙari, dokar ta ba amintaccen damar yin dokoki . An ci gaba da yin wasu ayyuka a shekarar 1919, 1937, 1939, 1953, da 1971. A farkon zamanin, asusun ya fi mayar da hankali kan sayen (ta hanyar kyauta ko siyan) wurare masu buɗewa da kuma gine-gine iri-iri da ke fuskantar barazana. Gine-ginen galibi suna da ƙaramin girma, banda Barrington Court da ke Somerset, babban gidan ƙasa na farko da asusun ya gina. Biyu daga cikin wuraren da asusun ya mallaka a farkon shekarunsa sun zama wuraren ajiyar yanayi: Wicken Fen a Cambridgeshire da Blakeney Point a Norfolk, dukkansu an saya su ne da taimakon gudummawar da masanin kimiyyar halitta kuma mai banki Charles Rothschild ya bayar. White Barrow da ke kan Salisbury Plain shi ne abin tarihi na farko na amintaccen, wanda aka saya a shekarar 1909 akan £60. Zuwa shekarar 1914, asusun, wanda ke aiki daga wani ƙaramin ofishi a Landan, yana da mambobi 725 kuma ya mallaki kadarori 63, waɗanda suka mamaye 5,814 acres (2,353 ha) . Manazarta