Wadi al-Jarf

Wadi al-Jarf (Arabic) yanki ne a bakin tekun Bahar Maliya ta Masar, kilomita 119 kilometres (74 mi) (74 kudu da Suez, wannan shine shafin yanar gizon da aka fi sani da tashar jiragen ruwa a duniya, wanda aka haɓaka kimanin shekaru 4500 da suka gabata. Tana a bakin Wadi Araba, babbar hanyar sadarwa tsakanin Kwarin Nilu da Bahar Maliya, ta haye Gabashin Gabas. Shafin yana fadin Tekun Suez daga karamin sansanin Sina'i na Tell Ras Budran . Wani irin wannan tsohuwar tashar jiragen ruwa yana Ain Sukhna, dan kadan a arewacin Wadi al-Jarf. J. G. Wilkinson ne ya fara gano shafin a cikin 1832. Wata ƙungiyar Faransa ce ta sake gano shi a cikin shekarun 1950, wanda ya ba shi suna Rod el-Khawaga . An yi watsi da aikin binciken kayan tarihi da sauri lokacin da Rikicin Suez ya ɓarke a shekarar 1956. Wata ƙungiyar hadin gwiwar Faransa da Masar ta ci gaba da tonowa a cikin 2011. Tashar jiragen ruwa a shafin ta kasance a zamanin Daular Masar ta huɗu, kimanin shekaru 4,500 da suka gabata. Har ila yau, an gano su a shafin fiye da 100 anchors, na farko Old Kingdom anchors samu a cikin asalin su, da kuma da yawa ajiya gwangwani. An haɗa kwalban tare da na wani shafin a fadin Bahar Maliya, yana nuna cinikayya tsakanin shafuka biyu. An sami adadi mai yawa na gutsuttsarin papyrus a Wadi al-Jarf, yana ba da haske game da rayuwa a lokacin Daular Na huɗu. Papyri sune mafi tsufa da aka samu a Misira. Bincike Takardun farko da aka sani game da tsoffin gine-ginen tashar jiragen ruwa a Wadi al-Jarf sun kasance a shekarar 1832, lokacin da JG Wilkinson ya lura da wanzuwarsu. Ya gano jerin gidajen tarihi da aka sassaka a cikin dutsen wanda ya yi imanin cewa katakombin gine -ginen Girka ne. A cikin shekarun 1950, wani gungun Faransawa masu son ilimin kayan tarihi sun fara binciken wasu sassan wurin, wanda suka sanya wa suna Rod el-Khawaga, amma an kore su a lokacin rikicin Suez na 1956. An buga bayanansu a shekarar 2008, wanda ya jawo sha'awar ci gaba da aiki. An sake fara tono kayan tarihi a cikin 2011 ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar kayan tarihi ta Masar da Faransa karkashin jagorancin Pierre Tallet (Jami'ar Paris IV-La Sorbonne) da Gregory Marouard (Cibiyar Oriental, Chicago). A watan Afrilun 2013, masana ilmin kayan tarihi sun sanar da gano wani tsohon tashar jiragen ruwa da takardu da dama na papyrus a wurin. Waɗannan su ne tsoffin takardun papyri da aka taɓa samu a Masar (kimanin 2560–2550 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, ƙarshen mulkin Khufu ). Abubuwan tarihi Gilashin ajiya da papyri An kuma sami kwalba da yawa na abinci na dutse da ajiyar ruwa, masana'antu da raguwar itace, da tarin daruruwan raguwar papyrus a shafin. Yawancin kwalba suna da sunayen mutane ko jiragen ruwa a cikin jan tawada, suna nuna masu su. Ana nuna kwalba ta hanyar wani nau'i na musamman wanda aka gano a baya a cikin Daular Daular ta huɗu a wasu shafuka, gami da fadin Tekun Suez a Tell Ras Budran . Goma daga cikin papyri an kiyaye su sosai. Yawancin waɗannan takardun sun kasance ne a shekara bayan ƙididdigar shanu ta 13 na mulkin Khufu kuma sun bayyana yadda gwamnatin tsakiya ta aika da abinci da kayayyaki ga matafiya na Masar. Ɗaya daga cikin takardun yana da ban sha'awa ta musamman: Diary of Merer, wani jami'in da ke da hannu a gina Babban Pyramid na Khufu . Yin amfani da littafin, masu bincike sun sake gina watanni uku na rayuwarsa, suna ba da sabon haske game da rayuwar yau da kullun na mutanen Daular Na huɗu. Papyri sune mafi tsufa da aka taɓa samu a Misira. Gidaje An sami rukuni uku na gine-gine 500 metres (1,600 ft) m (1,600 zuwa arewa maso yammacin tashar jiragen ruwa. Ginin rectangular da shirya ɗakuna a cikin tsari mai kama da tantanin halitta ya nuna cewa gine-ginen sun zama wuraren zama. Manazarta