Anjouan

Anjouan (fr) tsibiri ne mai cin gashin kansa a cikin Tsibirin Comoro a kudu maso yammacin Tekun Indiya, wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Comoros . An san shi a Shikomori da suna Ndzuani, Ndzuwani ko Nzwani, kuma, har zuwa farkon karni na ashirin lokacin da sunan ya fadi daga amfani gaba ɗaya (ko da yake har yanzu wani lokacin masu magana da Ingilishi a Zanzibar suna amfani da shi), a Turanci da Johanna . A tarihi an kuma kira shi Hinzuan ko Hanzoan . Babban garinsu shine Mutsamudu kuma, tun daga shekara ta 2006, yawan jama'arta ya kai kusan 277,500. Jimlar yankin tsibirin yana da murabba'in kilomita 424 (murabba'in mil 163). Tarihi Tarihin farko da mulkin mallaka Mazaunan farko na tsibirin sun kasance mutanen da ke Magana da Bantu daga gabashin Afirka da masu ba da hanya daga Indonesia da Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya. A ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha biyar babban matsayi na Hadrami Larabawa sun yi aure a cikin rukunin masu mulki na gida kuma sun kafa sultanate wanda ya faɗaɗa ikonsa a kan dukan tsibirin kuma a wasu lokuta yana faɗaɗa tasirin su ga tsibirin Mwali da Mayotte makwabta. A cikin 1812, Sultan Alawi bin Husain ya nemi taimakon Burtaniya a kan masu bautar Madagascar waɗanda ke barazanar mulkinsa, wanda aka ƙi. Duk da haka, tsibirin ya kasance a cikin tasirin Burtaniya har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. A shekara ta 1886 Faransa, wacce ta riga ta kasance a Mayotte, ta kafa kariya a kan tsibirin; an soke bautar a shekara ta 1899, kuma a shekara ta 1912, biyo bayan tilasta wa sultan na karshe, Faransa ta mamaye tsibirin. John Mucknell ya kori abokan gaba a Anjouan a shekara ta 1644. Jirginsa, John, mallakar Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya ne, amma bayan ya kawar da kansa daga adawa ta wannan hanyar, ya zama ɗan fashi kuma ya koma Burtaniya. Anjouan a karkashin Comoros mai zaman kanta Anjouan ya shiga Jihar Comoros lokacin da ta sami 'yanci a 1975, tare da Ahmed Abdallah a matsayin shugaban Jihar Comoras. Tsibirin, kasancewar wani bangare ne na kasar, ya wuce fiye da juyin mulki 20 tun lokacin da ya sami 'yancin kai kuma ya sami ƙoƙari da yawa na rabuwa. Mai rabuwa / Anjouan mai cin gashin kansa A shekara ta 1997, tsibirin Anjouan da Mohéli sun rabu da Comoros. A ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1997, Anjouan ta ayyana kanta a matsayin Jihar Anjouan mai zaman kanta (État d"Anjouan) tare da Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim a matsayin shugaban kasa. An gudanar da raba gardama na 'yancin kai a watan Oktoba, tare da kuri'un sama da kashi 99% a cikin goyon baya. Tsibirin ya nemi a sake haɗa shi cikin Jamhuriyar Faransa; amma Faransa ta ki. An amince da kundin tsarin mulki ga Anjouan a cikin raba gardama a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1998. A cikin 1999, Anjouan yana da rikice-rikice na ciki kuma a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim mai shekaru 80 ya yi murabus, ya canja iko ga mai tsara ƙasa, Said Abeid . An hambarar da gwamnati a juyin mulki da jami'an sojan ruwa suka yi a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2001. Ba da daɗewa ba Mohamed Bacar ya zama shugaban junta wanda ya karbe mulki kuma a ƙarshen watan ya zama shugaban kasar. Duk da yunkurin juyin mulki sau biyu a cikin watanni uku masu zuwa, ciki har da daya daga Abeid, gwamnatin Bacar ta ci gaba da mulki kuma a bayyane yake ta fi son yin shawarwari da Comoros. Bayan kirkirar Tarayyar, an sake haɗa tsibirai tare da Comoros a shekara ta 2002 kuma sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Tarayyar Comoros ya ba da umarnin zabar Shugaban Anjouan tare da shugabannin sauran tsibirai biyu masu cin gashin kansu da Shugaban Tarayyar. An zabi Bacar na tsawon shekaru 5 a matsayin Shugaban tsibirin Anjouan . Lokacinsa ya ƙare a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2007 kuma shugaban majalisa, Houmadi Caambi, ya zama mukaddashin shugaban kasa daga 15 ga Afrilu har sai sojojin da ke da aminci ga Bacar suka hambarar da shi a ranar 10 ga Mayu. Rashin mamayewar Anjouan a shekara ta 2008 A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2008, Comoros ta ki amincewa da takunkumin da Tarayyar Afirka ta yi wa Anjouan kuma a maimakon haka ta zaɓi mafita ta soja. A farkon watan Maris, sojojin Comoros da kusan 400 na kasa da kasa daga Tarayyar Afirka sun taru a tsibirin Mohéli. Rikicin ya fara ne a ranar 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, lokacin da sojojin Comorian suka kai hari kan tsibirin amma diflomasiyya ta ci gaba da shiga tsakani da Shugaba Thabo Mbeki na Afirka ta Kudu ya yi ƙoƙari ya jinkirta mamayewar da aka shirya don rashin jin daɗin gwamnatin Comorian. Akwai ci gaba da kai hare-hare tsakanin 14 Maris da 16 Maris 2008 da rikice-rikice tsakanin dakarun yankin da ke da aminci ga Mohamed Bacar da, mai yiwuwa, waɗanda suka fito daga rundunar mamaye Afirka wacce ta koma Mohéli. A ranar 19 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na soja na Faransa a kan wani Aikin ɓoye daga Mayotte mai gudanarwa na Faransa ya fadi a cikin Mozambique Channel kusa da birnin Sima a kan Anjouan . Masu sukar aikin sun yi zargin cewa helikofta yana da hannu a cikin ƙoƙari na kawo Bacar cikin gudun hijira ta Faransa, kuma cewa Bacar ya iya tsayawa na dogon lokaci ne kawai saboda Faransanci sun kare shi. Babban aikin kuma, a ƙarshe, mamayewar Anjouan ya fara ne a yammacin 24 ga Maris 2008 lokacin da jiragen ruwa biyar da ke dauke da kimanin sojoji 1,500 suka bar Mohéli a kan hanyarsu zuwa Anjouan. A farkon sa'o'i na 25 ga Maris 2008, sojojin Comoran sun sauka da taimakon dakarun daga Tarayyar Afirka. Sojojin da suka haɗu sun ci gaba da sauri a garin Ouani don tabbatar da filin jirgin sama. Bayan da aka tabbatar da filin jirgin sama rundunar mamayewa a bayyane ta rabu inda wani bangare na ta ke kan hanyar kudu maso yamma don shiga cikin masu goyon bayan Anjouanais a babban birnin, Mutsamudu, kuma sauran suka tafi kudu maso gabas suna kama tashar jiragen ruwa ta Bambao M'Sanga da birnin na biyu na Domoni ba tare da juriya ba.