Babbar Babbar Babba ce ta Ming

Babban Ginin Ming (Sinanci: 明長城; : ), wanda Daular Ming (1368-1644), ta gina, ya zama mafi yawan sassan Babban Ginin China a yau. Cikakken binciken archaeological, ta amfani da fasahar ci gaba, ya kammala cewa ganuwar Ming ta auna kilomita 8,850 kilometres (5,500 mi) (5,500 daga Jiayu Pass a yamma zuwa teku a Shanhai Pass, sannan ya sake zagayawa don ƙare a Manchuria a Hushan Great Wall . Wannan ya kunshi sassan 6,259 kilometres (3,889 mi) na ainihin bango, 359 kilometres (223 mi) na rami da 2,232 kilometres (1,387 mi) na shingen tsaro na halitta kamar tuddai da koguna. Duk da yake ana kiran ganuwar Ming a matsayin "Babban Ganuwar" (Changcheng) a zamanin yau, a zamanin Ming ana kiransu "kariya ta iyaka" (邊牆; Bianqiang) da Sinawa, tunda an ce kalmar Changcheng tana haifar da hotuna na zalunci na Qin Shi Huang (260-210 BC) kuma tana da alaƙa da Babban Ganuwar Qin. Tarihi A cikin 1368, Sarkin sarakuna na Hongwu (Zhu Yuanzhang, r. 1368-98) ya kori Daular Yuan da ke karkashin jagorancin Mongol daga China don kaddamar da Daular Ming. Mongols sun gudu zuwa Mongolia don kafa Arewacin Yuan, amma har ma bayan kamfen da yawa, Ming sun kasa fadada arewa da yamma. A farkon shekarun mulkinsa, Hongwu ya yi la'akari da manufofin iyaka inda sojoji masu motsi a kan iyakar arewa ke kula da tsaron kasar Sin. Don wannan dalili ya kafa "garrisons takwas na waje" kusa da tsaunuka da kuma layin ciki na sansanoni da suka fi dacewa da tsaro. Layin ciki shine farkon Ming Great Wall . A cikin shekara ta 1373, yayin da sojojin Ming suka gamu da matsala, Hongwu ya kara jaddada tsaro kuma ya karɓi shawarar Hua Yunlong (華雲龍) don kafa garuruwa a 130 da sauran mahimman bayanai a yankin Beijing. An kafa ƙarin matsayi a cikin shekaru har zuwa mutuwar Hongwu a cikin 1398, kuma an gina hasumiyoyin tsaro daga Tekun Bohai zuwa Beijing da kuma ci gaba zuwa kan tsaunukan Mongoliya. Wadannan matsayi, duk da haka, ba don karewa ba ne amma a yankin da ganuwar ba ta da mahimmanci, kuma dabarun kai farmaki sun kasance manyan manufofi a lokacin. Dan Hongwu, Sarkin sarakuna Yongle (r. 1402-24), ya ci gaba da manufofin mahaifinsa na yakin neman zabe a kan Mongols, kuma a cikin 1421 ya ƙaura babban birnin Ming daga Nanjing a kudu zuwa Beijing a arewa, a wani bangare don inganta yanayin Mongol. Ginin ganuwar dutse da ƙasa ya fara ne a ƙarƙashin mulkin Yongle a cikin dabarun dabarun, lokacin da aka kafa hasumiyoyin sigina da tsarin rami. Har ila yau, mulkin Yongle ya ga sake tsara iyakokin daular wanda ya haifar da soke duka sai dai daya daga cikin garuruwan waje guda takwas don rage kudade, don haka ya sadaukar da muhimmiyar tushe a cikin yankin canji. Bayan mutuwar Yongle a cikin 1424, Ming ya watsar da garuruwa ta ƙarshe a Kaiping (tsohuwar babban birnin Yuan wanda aka fi sani da Xanadu) a cikin 1430. Cire wadannan garuruwan zai haifar da sakamako na dogon lokaci, yayin da manufofin kasashen waje na Ming suka juya zuwa ciki kuma tsaro ya zama abin fifiko fiye da laifi, musamman bayan la'akari da farashin kula da garuruwan da ke waje. A kusa da shekara ta 1442, Ming ya gina bango a Liaodong don kare mazauna Han daga yiwuwar barazana daga Jurched-Mongol Oriyanghan . A cikin 1467-68, fadada bango ya ba da ƙarin kariya ga yankin daga hare-haren Jianzhou Jurchens a arewa maso gabas. Wani reshe na babban layin Great Wall na gaba, wannan "Liaodong Wall" yana da tsari mai sauƙi: ga mafi yawan an gina shi ta hanyar zuba laka tsakanin layuka masu layi daya na katako, tare da ramuka da aka haƙa a bangarorin biyu, kodayake an yi amfani da duwatsu da tayal a wasu sassa. A cikin ilimi, ra'ayoyi game da rawar da Wall ya taka a faduwar daular Ming sun haɗu. Masana tarihi irin su Arthur Waldron da Julia Lovell suna sukar duk aikin ginin bango saboda gazawar da ya samu wajen kare kasar Sin; tsohon ya kwatanta Babban Ginin da ya gaza na Maginot Line na Faransanci a yakin duniya na biyu. Koyaya, masanin mai zaman kansa David Spindler ya lura cewa Ginin, kasancewa kawai wani ɓangare na manufofin kasashen waje masu rikitarwa, ya sami "ƙarin zargi" saboda shine mafi bayyane na wannan manufofin. manazarta