Babbar gada ta Kazungula

Gadar Kazungula gada ce ta hanya da layin dogo da ke kan Kogin Zambezi tsakanin kasashen Zambia da Botswana a garin Kazungula . 923 metres (3,028 ft) da 18.5 metres (61 ft) gada, wacce take da tsawon 129 metres (423 ft), yana haɗa garin Kazungula a Zambia da Botswana. Tsakanin layukan zirga-zirga guda biyu da hanyoyin tafiya masu tafiya a ƙasa akwai layin jirgin ƙasa guda ɗaya (kodayake a halin yanzu ba a haɗa shi ba), wanda daga ƙarshe zai zama sashe a cikin shirin Mosetse-Kazungula-Livingstone Railway . Kamfanin gine-gine na Koriya ta Kudu Daewoo E&amp;C ne ya kula da ginin gadar, wanda ya ɗauki shekaru 7 ana kammalawa. Kafin a buɗe gadar don zirga-zirga a watan Mayu na 2021, zirga-zirgar kai tsaye tsakanin ƙasashen biyu ta yiwu ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin ruwa . Gadar tana amfani da gajeren 135 metres (443 ft) iyaka da ƙasashen biyu da ke da iyaka da kogin, kuma yana lanƙwasa don guje wa iyakokin Zimbabwe da Namibia da ke kusa. Tarihi Kafin a gina gadar, an ratsa kogin da pontoons guda biyu da aka sani da Kazungula Ferry . A shekarar 2003, wata babbar mota kirar Zambia da ta cika da kaya ta kife a daya daga cikin pontoons din, inda ta nutsar da mutane 18. A watan Agusta na shekarar 2007, gwamnatocin Zambia da Botswana suka sanar da yarjejeniyar gina gada don maye gurbin jirgin ruwan da ke akwai. Gina Dalar Amurka $259.3 aikin miliyan daya, wanda ya hada da wuraren kan iyaka na kasa da kasa a Zambia da Botswana, ya fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an kammala shi a ranar 10 ga Mayu 2021 ta kamfanin Daewoo E&amp;C na Koriya ta Kudu. An dage bude aikin saboda matsalolin sufuri da annobar COVID-19 ta shafa. 2013 A shekarar 2013, gwamnatocin Botswana da Zambia sun gayyato haɗin gwiwa don yin tayin gina gadar Kazungula akan kimanin dala miliyan 260, da kuma wuraren kan iyaka guda ɗaya da aka gina a ɓangarorin biyu na gadar. An ce za a ba da kuɗin aikin ta hanyar wani ɓangare na rancen dala miliyan 80 da aka sanya hannu a watan Fabrairun 2013 tsakanin Zambia da Bankin Raya Afirka, da kuma tsakanin Botswana da Hukumar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya ta Japan (JICA). A wannan taron, an sanar da kammala aikin cikin shekaru shida, kuma mai neman aikin zai buƙaci samar da ayyukan ba da shawara, sake duba zane, samar da takardun tayin, kula da ayyuka, da ayyukan bayan gini. 2014 Zuwa shekara mai zuwa, gidaje 40 da aka maye gurbinsu ga mutanen ƙauyen Lumbo sun shirya don a raba su yayin da aka fara aikin gini na farko. A cewar Kwamishinan Gundumar Kazungula, Pascalina Musokotwane, an miƙa gidaje 40 da makaranta ga mazauna ƙauyen a watan Agusta na 2014. A watan Maris na 2014, an zaɓi kamfanoni uku don neman aikin gini daga cikin sabbin shiga ashirin da shida. Waɗanda suka yi nasara a ƙarshe sune China Major Bridge Engineering Corporation, Daewoo E da C, da kuma Shimizu -Stefanuti Joint Venture. A watan Agusta na shekarar 2014, Bernard Chiwala, Babban Jami'in Hukumar Raya Hanyoyi ta Zambia, ya bayyana cewa za a bai wa Botswana dukkan tsarin ginin kuma za a ba da kuɗin haɗin gwiwa kan jimillar kuɗin da ya kai dala miliyan 124.22 na Amurka kuma ana sa ran kammala shi cikin shekaru huɗu, wanda ya fi shekaru takwas ƙasa da yadda aka bayyana a baya. A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar, JICA za ta samar da dala miliyan 41.77, wato ADB na Amurka $78.41, yayin da gwamnatin Zambia za ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.57. Gina gadar Kazungula ya fara ne bayan bikin gina ginin a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2014. A bikin da aka gudanar a gefen Botswana na kan iyakar Kazungula, Mataimakin Shugaban Zambia Guy Scott da takwaransa na Botswana, Ponatshego Kedikilwe sun yi maraba da manema labarai tare da bayyana cewa kudin zai kai dala miliyan 259.3, wanda za a kammala nan da shekarar 2018, kuma za a zabi dan kwangilar Daewoo Engineering and Construction . 2018 A shekarar 2018, shugabannin Zimbabwe uku, Emmerson Mnangagwa, da Seretse Khama na Botswana, da Edgar Lungu na Zambia, sun duba ci gaban da aka samu a kan gadar Kazungula. A lokacin wannan taron, an amince cewa Zimbabwe za ta kasance cikin mataki na biyu na aikin. An bayyana shigar Zimbabwe a lokacin wani taron manema labarai da Ministan Sufuri da Sadarwa na Botswana Kitso Mokaila, Ministan Sufuri da Ci gaban Kayayyakin more rayuwa na Zimbabwe Joram Gumbo, da Ministan Gidaje da Ci gaban Kayayyakin more rayuwa na Zambia Ronald Chitotela suka yi. 2019 A watan Maris na 2019, ginin ya tsaya bayan da gwamnatin Zambia ta kasa biyan Daewoo Engineering and Construction kudin ayyukanta. Daewoo ta ce matsalar ta haifar da yajin aikin masana'antu daga ma'aikata, kuma Manajan Gudanarwa Hong Seouk Park ya bayyana cewa wadannan matsalolin kudi sun sa ya zama da wahala a ci gaba da biyan kudin gudanar da kamfanin. Botswana ta biya kudin aikin amma Zambia ba ta biya ba, ma'ana an bin ta bashin dala miliyan 14.84. A watan Mayun 2019, Shugaba Edgar Lungu na Zambia ya bayyana cewa aikin "an kammala kashi 78%" kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata cewa za a kammala aikin a kan lokaci. Zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2019, mai ba da shawara Mr. Kobamelo Kgoboko ya ce an kammala aikin da kashi 91.92%, inda bangaren Botswana ya kammala da kashi 98.7%, kuma bangaren Zambia ya kammala da kashi 80.5%. An kuma bayyana cewa an kammala 6 daga cikin 8. Duk da haka, an sanar da cewa za a dage aikin zuwa watan Yuni na 2020, ma'ana aikin zai fara ne bayan watanni 10 da aka tsara. 2020 A watan Oktoban 2020, Ma'aikatar Sufuri da Sadarwa ta Botswana ta bayyana cewa an kammala gina gada da hanyoyin shiga, inda aka kammala ginin kan iyakar Botswana da kashi 98.44% akan kudin dalar Amurka miliyan 38.4, kuma ginin kan iyakar Zambia da kashi 99.40% akan kudin dalar Amurka miliyan 13.1. A watan Disamba, Ministan Gidaje da Ci gaban Kayayyakin more rayuwa na Zambia , Vincent Mwale, ya ce jimlar dala miliyan 82.3 ne Zambia ta biya, tare da ƙarin dala miliyan 73.7 da za a sake a watan Disamba da kuma dala miliyan 8.7 da za a biya kafin ƙarshen shekara. Waɗannan kalamai sun mayar da martani ne ga zarge-zargen da ake yi wa gwamnatin Zambia na gaza biyan bashin da ke kanta kuma ba za ta biya bashin da ke kanta ba. Vincent Mwale ya ci gaba da cewa "yana so ya bayyana cewa ikirarin da ake yaɗawa a yanzu ta kafofin sada zumunta, yana mai cewa gwamnatin Zambia ta gaza biyan bashin da ke kanta kuma ba za ta biya bashin da ke kanta ga mai kwangilar ba, ba daidai ba ne". 2021 A ranar 10 ga Mayu 2021, an buɗe gadar a hukumance. A lokacin bikin buɗe aikin, jami'an Botswana da Zambia tare da shugaban Botswana Mokgweetsi Masisi da shugaban Zambia Edgar Lungu sun taya murnar kammala aikin. Shugaban Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo (DRC) Felix Tshisekedi, shugaban Mozambique Filipe Nyusi, da shugaban Zimbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa suma sun halarci taron. 2024 Sashen layin dogo da ke fadin gadar Kazungula a halin yanzu an ware shi daga hanyoyin layin dogo na Zambia da Botswana, amma ana shirin haɗa shi cikin tsarin layin dogo na Mosetse-Kazungula-Livingstone da aka tsara. Duba kuma Jerin wuraren da aka ketare Kogin Zambezi Jirgin Ruwa na Kazungula Jerin gadoji na ƙasashen duniya Manazarta