Austria

Austria (German: Österreich), sarkari taur se "Republic of Austria", madhya Europe ke ek des hae. Austria ke parrosi des hae Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, aur Liechtenstein. Abhi Austria ke chancellor Werner Faymann hae. 1995 se Austria European Union ke sadasya hae. Austria ke log German bhasa me baat kare hae, lekin aur kuch log Hungarian, Slovenian aur Croatian bhasa me bhi baat kare hae. Austria ke raajdhaanii Vienna (Wien) hae. Austria, hajaar saal se bhi purana hae. Iske itihaas ninth century se suruu karaa jaae sake hae jab ki pahile Austrain log uu jagha jiske abhi Austria bola jaae hae me aae ke rahe lagin. Austria, ek democratic des hae jisme nau state hae: Vorarlberg, the Tyrol, Salzburg, Carinthia, Styria, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Vienna aur Burgenland. Ii ek neutral des hae jon ki 1955 se United Nations me hae. Itihaas Purana jamana Jon jagha pe abhi Austria hae, me bahut din se admii log rahe hae. Pahila settlers Paleolithic age me, Neanderthal log rahin. Uu log kuch works of art, jaise ki Venus of Willendorf chhorr gain hae. Neolithic age, admii log hian rahat rahin mining kare ke khati jaise ki copper. Ötzi, ek mummy ke Austria aur Italy ke biich me glacier me pawa gais hae. Bronze Age me barraa basti aur fortress uu jagha pe banawa gais hae jahan pe resources rahaa jaise ki nimak ke mine Hallstatt ke nachdik. Romans ke time Romans log Austria bhar me bas gain rahaa. Uu log shahar banain jisme se khaas rahaa Carnuntum (Vienna ke nachdik), Virunum (Klagenfurt ke north me) aur Teurnia (Spittal an der Drau ke nachdik). Nawaa jamana 800 se 1918 talak, Austria ek empire rahaa, jiske raja log House of Hapsburg ke rahin. 1914 me,Austria ke Archduke Franz Ferdinand ke Serbia me, hatya ke kaaran World War I suruu bhais rahaa. Larrai ke baad, jab ki Austrian Empire Germany aur Turkey ke saathe haar gais rahaa, tab uske sab non-German area ke ajaadi de diya gais. Iske baad ii ek republic hoe gais. Pahila republic 1918 se 1938, Second Republic 1945 se rahaa. 1938 se 1945 talak, Austria, Germany ke ek hissa rahaa. World War II ke baad 1955 talak, Austria ke Allied powers, occupy kare rahin. 1955 me,Austria United Nations ke join karis aur 1995 me [[European Union ke join karis. Ii OECD aur Interpol ke member bhi hae. 1999 se Austria me Euro currency ke kaam me laawa jaae hae. Geography Austria jaada kar ke pahaarr waala des hae kahe ki ii Alps me hae. Gharb ke uuncha Alps, sharq ke plains me hoe jaae hae. Austria ke state Culture Music and Arts Dher jaana maana composers Austria ke rahin jaise ki Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert, Anton Bruckner, Johann Strauss, Sr., Johann Strauss, Jr. aur Gustav Mahler. Nawaa jamana me Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern aur Alban Berg, Second Viennese School ke rahin. Austria me dher artist rahin jaise ki Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele or Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Inge Morath aur Otto Wagner. Khana Kuch mashhuur Austrian khana hae Wiener Schnitzel, Schweinsbraten, Kaiserschmarren, Knödel, Sachertorte au Tafelspitz. Mashhuur Austrians Scientists Ludwig Boltzmann Ernst Mach Christian Doppler Lise Meitner Erwin Schrödinger Wolfgang Pauli Anton Zeilinger Theodore Billroth Sigmund Freud Alfred Adler Khel aur Entertainment Hermann Maier Arnold Schwarzenegger Falco Franz Joseph Haydd Politics Adolf Hitler Kurt Waldheim Austria ke President ke list (1919 se abhi talak) Chapa ke gallery References