Matenadaran

The Matenadaran (Armenian: Մատենադարան), officially the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, is the largest center for the storage, study and popularization of Armenian manuscripts, combining the functions of a museum, archive and scientific institution. It is holds the most extensive collection of Armenian manuscripts in existence. An kafa shi a shekara ta 1959 bisa ga tarin kasa na Ikilisiyar Armeniya, wanda aka gudanar a Etchmiadzin. Tarinsa ya karu a hankali tun lokacin da aka kafa shi, galibi daga gudummawar mutum. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren tarihi na Yerevan, an sanya masa suna ne bayan Mesrop Mashtots, wanda ya kirkiro haruffa na Armeniya, wanda mutum-mutumi yake tsaye a gaban ginin. An haɗa tarin sa a cikin rajistar shirin UNESCO Memory of the World. Sunan Kalmar Matanadaran wani fili ne wanda ya ƙunshi Matatan, ("littafi" ko "parchment") da daran ("repository"). Dukkanin kalmomin sun fito ne daga asalin Farisa ta Tsakiya. Kodayake wani lokacin ana fassara shi a matsayin "scriptorium" a cikin Turanci, fassarar da ta fi dacewa ita ce "ma'aikatar ajiya ko ɗakin karatu na rubuce-rubuce. A cikin Armenia ta zamani, an yi amfani da kalmar matenadaran a cikin ma'anar ɗakin karatu kamar yadda aka rubuta dukkan littattafai da hannu. Wasu wuraren adana rubuce-rubucen Armeniya a duniya har yanzu an san su da Matanadaran, kamar waɗanda ke gidan ibada na Mekhitarist a San Lazzaro, Venice [1] da kuma Armenian Patriarchate na Constantinople, [2] da kuma Vatche da Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Depository a Uwar See na Etchmiadzin Mai Tsarki. [3] Don rarrabe shi daga wasu, galibi ana kiransa Matenadaran na Yerevan, Yerevan Matenadaran, ko Mashtots Matenadaran (Մ jogarոց Մատադարան).[4][4][5][6][7] Tarihi Tsofaffin tarihi An fara ambaton ajiyar rubuce-rubuce a Armenia a rubuce-buce na masanin tarihi na ƙarni na biyar Ghazar Parpetsi, wanda ya lura da kasancewar irin wannan ajiya a Etchmiadzin Catholicosate a Vagharshapat, cibiyar Ikilisiyar Manzanni ta Armeniya, inda aka adana mataniyar Helenanci da Armeniya. An adana wuraren adana rubuce-rubuce a manyan gidajen ibada a Armenia ta zamani, kamar su a Haghpat (Haghpat Matanadaran), Sanahin, Saghmosavank, Tatev, Geghard, Kecharis, Hromkla, da Bardzraberd. A wasu lokuta, ɗakunan monastic suna da tsari daban-daban a matsayin wuraren adana rubuce-rubuce. Wani lokaci ana tura rubuce-rubuce zuwa koguna don kauce wa lalacewa daga masu mamaye kasashen waje. Dubban rubuce-rubuce a Armenia sun lalace a cikin ƙarni na goma zuwa goma sha biyar a lokacin mamayar Turkic da Mongol. A cewar masanin tarihin Armeniya na zamani Stepanos Orbelian, Turks Seljuk ne ke da alhakin ƙone rubuce-rubucen Armeniya sama da 10,000 a Baghaberd a cikin 1170. Tarihi Tarin Matenadaran ya samo asali ne daga tarin Etchmiadzin da aka kafa a 1441, lokacin da Katolika ya dawo daga Sis a Cilicia. An sace Matenadaran a Etchmiadzin sau da yawa, na ƙarshe ya faru a 1804, a lokacin Yakin Russo-Persian . Daular Rasha ta mamaye Gabashin Armenia a farkon karni na 19 ya samar da yanayi mai ɗorewa don adana sauran rubuce-rubucen. Ganin cewa a cikin 1828 masu kula da Matenadaran sun tsara tarin rubuce-rubuce 1,809 kawai, a cikin 1863 tarin ya karu zuwa rubuce-buce 2,340 kuma a cikin 1892 zuwa rubuce'rubuce 3,158. Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na I, a cikin 1913, tarin ya kai rubuce-rubuce 4,660. A cikin 1915, an aika tarin zuwa Moscow don kiyayewa tunda Etchmiadzin yana kusa da yankin yaƙi. An lalata dubban rubuce-rubucen Armeniya a lokacin Kisan kiyashi na Armeniya a Daular Ottoman, amma an ceci kusan 1,600 daga Vaspurakan (Lim, Ktuts, Varag), Taron (Surb Karapet Monastery), Erzurum (Sanasarian College), da sauran wurare. Gine-gine Manazarta