Argentina

Argentina, boma la Argentina, ndi dziko loyima palokha ku South America, kumpoto chakumwera komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa adati. Imakhazikitsa boma la republican, demokalase, loyimira komanso boma. Dziko la Argentina lakhazikitsidwa ngati boma la feduro, lophatikizidwa kuyambira 1994 ndi dziko komanso maboma 24 olamulira kapena maboma odziyendetsa okha, omwe ndi zigawo 23 ndi Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (ACBA), yomaliza kukhala Federal Capital ochokera mdziko. Mayiko onse omwe amadzilamulira ali ndi malamulo awoawo, mbendera ndi chitetezo. Zigawo 23 zimasunga maulamuliro onse osagawidwa ku National State, ali ndi maulamuliro atatu odziyimira pawokha ndipo akutsimikizira kuti maboma awo akhoza kudzilamulira okha. Ndi gawo la Mercosur, ndipo pomwe anayambitsa mu 1991—, Union of South American Nations (Unasur), Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CLACS) ndi Bungwe la American States (BAS). Mu 2018, Human Development Index (HDI) inali 0,830, ndikuyiyika pagulu la mayiko omwe ali ndi chitukuko chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu, pamalo 48. Atasinthidwa kuti asayanjane, Argentina imagwera malo anayi pagululi, malinga ndi mndandanda wake wosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi komwe umapezeka pamalo a 77. Mu maphunziro, lamuloli likukhazikitsa kuti ndalama zothandizira anthu pantchito yophunzirira siziyenera kukhala zosakwana 6% ya GDP, ngakhale zinali choncho, ndalama zidayima pa 5.5% ya GDP mu 201716 ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ophunzira kwambiri azaka 15 kuposa 99%. Chuma cha Argentina ndi chachiwiri chotsogola komanso chofunikira ku South America. Malinga ndi Banki Yadziko Lonse, GDP yake yadzinayi ndi ya 27 padziko lonse lapansi Chifukwa chakufunika kwawo komanso kufunika kwachuma, ndi amodzi mwa mayiko atatu aku Latin America omwe ali m'gulu lotchedwa Gulu la 20 komanso ndi membala wa gulu la NIC kapena mayiko atsopano otukuka. Ndi dziko lokhalo la Latin America lomwe lili ndi malo osanthula kafukufuku wasayansi pakati pa khumi kwambiri padziko lapansi, komanso dziko la Latin America lomwe lili ndi apamwamba kwambiri pa mphoto za Nobel mu sayansi (atatu). Mphamvu yake mwaukadaulo ndi sayansi yalola kuti ipange, kupanga ndi kutumiza ma satelayiti, kupanga zida zoyendera zida za nyukiliya ndikukhala wopanga mapulogalamu, ndege, pakati pazinthu zina. Amayesedwa ngati mphamvu yachigawo. Adapatsa mgwirizano owonjezera wa zida za nyukiliya ku mayiko aku Latin America, Maghreb, Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia ndi Oceania, potengera kuthekera kwakukhazikitsidwa ndi National Atomic Energy Commission (NAEC) ndi kampani yotchuka ya boma ya INVAP. Ndi dziko la Latin America lomwe lapambana mphoto zambiri za Nobel, makumi asanu konse, onse atatu omwe adalumikizidwa ndi sayansi. Ndi dera la 2,780,400 km², ndiye dziko lalikulu kwambiri lolankhula Chisipanishi padzikoli, lachiwiri kukula kwambiri ku Latin America ndi lachisanu ndi chitatu padziko lapansi, poganizira dera lokhalo lomwe lingakhale m'manja mwaulemu. Alumali ake, omwe anazindikira ndi UN mu 2016, akufika pa 6,581,500 km², ndikupanga kuti ikhale imodzi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ku America mpaka ku South Pole ku Antarctica, kudutsa South Atlantic. Ngati mungawerenge Zilumba za Falkland, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands ndi zilumba zina zazing'ono (zoperekedwa ndi United Kingdom, koma ndi ulamuliro wotsutsana), kuphatikiza gawo la malo otchedwa Antarctic lotchedwa Argentine Antarctica kumwera kwa 60 ° S parallel, Panthawiyi dziko la Argentina lati likulamulira, dziko limakwera mpaka 3 761 274 km² Ndi limodzi mwa maiko makumi awiri okhala ndi Antarctica, pakati pawo ndi omwe ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, okhala ndi besi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Dera lake limakumana ndi nyengo zambiri, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutalikirana kwa malo okhala kupitirira 30 ° - kuphatikiza madera angapo am'mlengalenga, kusiyanasiyana komwe kumayambira 107 m pansi pa nyanja (Laguna del Carbón) mpaka pafupifupi 7000 masl ndi kukulira m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zikufika ku 4725 km. Dambo lambiri lonyowa limadutsa zipululu zazitali komanso mapiri ataliatali, pomwe kumpoto ndi kotentha kuli kumpoto. Dera lake laku America, lomwe limakhala mbali yayikulu ya kum'mwera kwa Cone, kumalire ndi Bolivia ndi Paraguay kumpoto, Brazil kumpoto chakum'mawa, Uruguay ndi Atlantic Ocean kummawa, Chile kumadzulo, ndipo nthawi zonse kumadera ake aku America, kumwera ndi Chile ndi madzi aku Atlantic a Drake Passage. Zolembedwa zoyambilira za anthu okhala mdziko lino la Argentina zikuchokera zaka zikwi khumi ndi zitatu BP, nthawi ya Paleoamerican. M'masiku otukuka, nthawi ya Columbian, idakhalidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya anthu, omwe ena mwa iwo akukhalabe m'dziko muno; Mwa iwo ma guaycurúes, ma guaraníes, mapu, tehuelches ndi ma diaguitas, omaliza anali gawo la Ufumu wa Inca. Kulamulidwa kwa Spain ku Spain komwe kudalipo tsopano kunayamba ndi maulendo owerengeka kuyambira mchaka cha 1512, kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu mu 1528 ndikugawa madera. Pambuyo pake, idayamba kulamulidwa ndi Viceroyalty of Peru. Mu 1776, Crown yaku Spain idakhazikitsa Voredoyalty ya Río de la Plata, yomwe ikadakhala gulu lazandale lisanafike dziko la Argentina lono. Pa Meyi 25, 1810 adalandira ufulu wodziimira payekha pomwe wachiwiri wotsiriza wa Spain yemwe adalamulira kuchokera ku Buenos Aires adachotsedwa, kukonza Boma Loyamba Junta. Pa Julayi 9, 1816, ufulu unalengezedwa ku San Miguel de Tucumán. Maulalo akunja