South Shetland Islands

The South Shetland Islands are a group of islands at the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic Peninsula, about 120 kilometers (75 miles) north of Antarctica. They are part of the territory claimed by several countries, but they are governed under the Antarctic Treaty System. Geography The South Shetland Islands are made up of 11 main islands and many smaller ones. The biggest island is King George Island, where many countries have research stations. Other main islands include: Elephant Island Livingston Island Deception Island Greenwich Island Robert Island Nelson Island The islands are mostly covered with ice and snow, but some areas are ice-free in summer. Climate The islands have a cold and windy polar climate. In summer, temperatures are usually between −2°C and 3°C, but in winter, temperatures often drop below −10°C. The islands get snow, rain, and strong winds. Fog and cloudy skies are common. The climate is milder than inland Antarctica, which makes it easier to live and work there. Research Stations Many countries have built research stations on the South Shetland Islands, especially on King George Island. These stations are used for science, weather, and environmental studies. Some of the countries with stations in the South Shetland Islands are: Chile Russia China Argentina South Korea Brazil Uruguay Poland Germany History The South Shetland Islands were discovered in 1819 by British sailors. In the early 1800s, seal hunters came to the islands. Later, scientists and explorers visited. Many countries have claimed the islands, including the United Kingdom, Chile, and Argentina, but the Antarctic Treaty says no country owns land in Antarctica, including these islands. Environment The islands have important wildlife, including: Penguins (such as Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins) Seals (like Weddell and Elephant seals) Seabirds The islands are protected by environmental rules under the Antarctic Treaty. Population No people live permanently on the South Shetland Islands. Scientists and workers stay at research stations, mostly during the summer. A few bases stay open in winter too.