Ikiyaga cya Oubeïra

Lake Oubeïra ni ikiyaga cy’amazi meza giherereye muri El Kala National Park mu Ntara ya El Tarf Province, muri Alijeriya. Iki kiyaga cyashyizwe ku rutonde rwa Ramsar Convention ku itariki ya 4 Ugushyingo 1983, kubera akamaro kacyo mu kurengera ibinyabuzima byo mu bishanga. Iki kiyaga gifatwa nk’ahantu h’ingenzi cyane ho kororerwa no guterera amagi n’inyoni nyinshi zo muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru. Aho Giherereye Lake Oubeïra ni ikiyaga cy’amazi meza giherereye hagati muri El Kala National Park mu Ntara ya El Tarf Province, muri Alijeriya. Iyi pariki kandi ikubiyemo n’ikiyaga cya Lake Tonga, n’icyo bita Lake Mellah, kikaba ari ikigega cy’amazi arimo umunyu (saline lagoon). Mu mwaka wa 1983, ibyo biyaga uko ari bitatu byashyizwe ku rutonde rwa Ramsar Convention nk’ibishanga bifite akamaro mpuzamahanga, hashingiwe ku kurengera ibinyabuzima no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Lake Oubeïra ni ikiyaga cy’amazi meza (freshwater lake) giherereye hagati mu gice cya El Kala National Park mu Ntara ya El Tarf Province, muri Alijeriya, hafi y’umujyi wa El Kala no ku mupaka wa Alijeriya na Tuniziya, kikaba kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 23. Iki kiyaga gifite ishusho yegereye uruziga kandi hasi yacyo hari ibyondo byoroshye (silt) by’ ibara ry’ijimye-umweru. Gifite ubuso bungana na hegitari 2,000 n’ubujyakuzimu bwo hasi cyane bugereranywa na metero 1. Aka gace kagize igice cy’urusobe runini rw’ibishanga n’imisozi y’umucanga (dune system), nubwo iki kiyaga kidasohoka amazi hanze (endorheic lake), gifite isano n’Inyanja ya Mediterane binyuze mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye mu bidukikije bikikije ako gace. Lake Oubeïra ifite umugezi mukuru ujyanye na wo witwa Oued Messida, ugaragaza imiterere y’imigezi ihindagurika mu bihe by’umwaka: mu cyi utemba uva mu kiyaga ujya kuri Oued el Rebir, naho mu itumba ugahindura icyerekezo ugatemba mu buryo bunyuranye. Hagati y’ibi, habaho uburinganire hagati y’ihinduka ry’amazi ahumuka (evaporation) n’imvura igwa, bikafasha iki kiyaga gukomeza kubaho no kudakama. Nanone, ubunini bw’akarere gakuramo amazi (watershed) hamwe n’uruhare rw’amazi yo mu kuzimu (aquifers) mu gihe cy’izuba bifasha gusimbura amazi atakara, bityo bikarinda ko ikiyaga cyuma kandi bigatuma gikomeza kubaho igihe kirekire. ikirere Akarere Lake Oubeïra giherereyemo gafite ikirere cya Mediterane, kirangwa n’ubushyuhe buciriritse n’imvura igwa mu bihe bimwe by’umwaka. Ugereranyije, ubushyuhe bw’umwaka wose bungana na dogere selisiyusi 18.9 °C, kandi hari igihe cy’izuba (dry season) kimara hafi amezi ane. Ukwezi kwa Mutarama ni ko gukonja kurusha ayandi, mu gihe Kanama ari ko gashyuha cyane. Imvura igwa ku mwaka irenga milimetero 700, aho igwa cyane mu gihe cy’itumba n’itumba-ry’impeshyi (autumn), mu gihe mu mpeshyi haba imvura nkeya cyane. Ibimera n' inyamanswa Lake Oubeïra ni ahantu h’ingenzi habamo ibimera byo mu mazi (aquatic vegetation), harimo n’ibinyabuzima biboneka gake muri Alijeriya, nk’imbuto zo mu mazi zizwi nka water chestnuts ndetse n’indabo z’umuhondo zo mu mazi (yellow water lilies). Lake Oubeïra ishyigikira ubuzima butandukanye bw’amafi (fish population) bwinshi kandi butandukanye, harimo n’amafi y’ubwoko bw’imiserebanya yo mu mazi (eels) agaragara cyane muri iki kiyaga. Hari kandi amoko yo mu muryango wa Mugilidae, nk’aya Mugil cephalus na Liza ramada, ajya muri iki kiyaga igihe kimwe akava mu nyanja anyuze ku muyoboro w’amazi urenga (overflow channel). Nanone, amafi yo mu bwoko bwa barbel abyara (spawn) muri Lake Oubeïra mu mpera y’itumba no mu ntangiriro y’impeshyi. . Lake Oubeïra ni ahantu hatuwe n’inyoni zitandukanye zororokera (nesting bird species), harimo iziba zihoraho muri ako gace nk’inyoni izwi nka purple swamphen ndetse na osprey. Hari n’inyoni ziza mu gihe cy’ubukonje (wintering species) nk’imbata yitwa white-headed duck, itungo ry’amazi rya greylag goose, ndetse na great cormorant. Zimwe muri izi nyoni ziri mu kaga ko gushira ku isi (globally threatened species). Nanone, glossy ibis hamwe na greater flamingo baboneka muri ako gace umwaka wose, batagenda. Uretse inyoni, ako gace kandi gafite n’inyamaswa z’inyamabere (mammals) harimo n’imbwa y’amazi (otter). Abaturage bo mu gace gakikije Lake Oubeïra bakora ubworozi bw’amatungo ndetse n’ubuhinzi nk’imibereho yabo ya buri munsi. Iki kiyaga kandi cyashyizwemo amafi yo mu bwoko bwa carp, kandi ku nkombe yacyo yo mu majyaruguru hari ikigo cy’ubworozi bw’amafi (aquaculture station) gikorera aho. Reba n' ibi El Kala National Park ni pariki y’igihugu iherereye mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa Alijeriya, hafi y’umupaka wa Tuniziya. Inyamaswa zo muri Alijeriya Amareferansi