Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara

Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Algeria, 18 km (11 mi) n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke obodo Annaba. Ọ na-atụle 17 km (11 mi) site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ gaa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na 13 mi) site na ugwu gaa n'okpuru, na mpaghara nke ihe dị ka hekta 18,600 (46,000 acres). E kewara ya dị ka mpaghara "Ramsar", -agụnye nchebe nke ebe a. E meela ọtụtụ nnyocha na mmiri na ala nke mpaghara Fetzara [1-7]. E mere nnyocha ndị a iji nyochaa nnu na iji mee ka mmalite ya na ihe ndị na-achịkwa ya pụta ìhè. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ọmụmụ a bụ iji nyochaa ihe onwunwe ala nke Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara nke ihe omume salinization na-emetụta na ịmụ ọdịiche ha na omimi. E weere ihe nnwale ahụ na okpukpu abụọ mbụ (0-20 cm na 20-40 cm) na ebe asatọ gburugburu Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara, maka ngụkọta nke ihe nnwale 16. Nsonaazụ nyocha na-egosi na nnu nke ala eruola n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ (ógbè Wadi Zied) na ndịda ọdọ mmiri (ógbè Cheurfa) na mmụba nke sodium chloride-chemical facies. Ebe Ọdọ mmiri Fetzara dị 18 km ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo Annaba na oke ọwụwa anyanwụ Algeria. Ọ dị kilomita 17 (11 mi) site n'ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo ọdịda anyanwụ yana kilomita 13 (8.1 mi) site na ugwu ruo ndịda nwere elu dị ihe dị ka hectare 18,600 (acres 46,000). Mpaghara a nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe Mediterranean nwere oge abụọ dị iche iche: otu iru mmiri na nke ọzọ kpọrọ nkụ. Mmiri ọdọ mmiri na-adịru nwa oge dabere n'ịdị ike nke oge mmiri ozuzo nke ọ na-adabere na ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nanị, ọ bụ n'ozuzu mpaghara nke ihe karịrị 13000 ha nke ala nke idei mmiri jupụtara na oyi na-eme ka nnukwu ahịhịa. Ọnụnọ nke isi ọwa gafee ọdọ ahụ site na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na-enye mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ ezughi oke iji wepụ mmiri n'oge oyi Ọkà mmụta n'ihe banyere ala Henri Fournel chọpụtara ebe magnetite dị nso n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Bône na 1843.[2] Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe dị ka 35 site na Bone n'ugwu Mokta n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri Fetzara na ala ugwu nke si n'ebe ndịda gaa n'ebe ugwu, wee tụgharịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Bone. Aha "Mokta-el-Hadid" (ụzọ ígwè) na-egosi na a maara ebe a na-etinye ígwè kemgbe, mana ọ nweghị ihe ịrịba ama na a rụrụ ya tupu obere mgbalị mbụ na 1840. [3] N'oge a elu elu ọdọ ahụ gaara eruwo mita 16 (52 ft) n'oge oyi, yana mpaghara 14,000 hectare (acres 35,000). Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ahịhịa amị na ahịhịa, bụ́ ndị nnụnụ na-akwaga ebe ahụ na-akpa akwụ́, nweekwa azụ̀ bara ụba.[4] A na-ewere ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka isi iyi nke ahụ ọkụ, a tụkwara aro ka ọwa mmiri dị kilomita 16 (9.9 mi) na-asọba na Oued Meboudja, mana ọ bụ ezie na Société Générale Algérienne (SGA) nwere ikike n'akụkụ ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla.[4] N'afọ 1870, ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe n'ala kụrụ ọtụtụ osisi eucalyptus gburugburu Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara, mana mmiri nnu si n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburu ha niile.[5] [a] N'afọ 1877, ụlọ ọrụ Mokta El Hadid nwetara ikike ịdọrọ mmiri n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ iji gbanwere mbufe ala ahụ n'efu. Otu ọwa si n'etiti ọdọ mmiri ahụ, gafee 22 mita (72 n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ wee gaa na Meboudja. Elu ala ahụ adaala ruo mita 12 (39 site na 1880, mana ọdọ mmiri ahụ nọgidere na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge ọkọchị.[4] Mgbe 1903 gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nyere ikike ya na Lake of Fetzara na SGA colony, nke weghaara ọrụ ahụ ma wuchaa ya na 1935. [4] Àgwà ala A kọwapụtara ịdị mma ala ahụ dị ka nsonaazụ anụ ahụ, kemịkalụ na ihe ndu ya, nke na-enye ohere itolite na ihe ọkụkụ, ụkpụrụ na akara mmiri na-agafe na gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-eme ihe dị ka mgbapụta nzacha n'ebe ndị na-emetọ ihe nọ. Àgwà ala ahụ na-egosipụta ikike ya iji jide na ịhapụ mmiri na nri na-edozi ahụ iji nọgide na-enwe ụdị dịgasị iche iche na iguzogide mmetụta nke omume ndị nwere ike iduga nbibi ya. O doro anya na ogo ala maka ojiji enyere ya dabere na njirimara dị n'ime gburugburu geochemical na ihu igwe yana ụmụ mmadụ na-eji ya. Ihe ndị e ji mara ya Ala nke ọdọ mmiri Fetzara abụrụla isiokwu nke ọtụtụ ọmụmụ maka mmepe ọrụ ugbo, nke niile gosipụtara ihe mgbochi ọ bụla dị mkpa na ojiji ha dị ka salinization na hydromorphy [1, 2, 3, na 7]. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị a enyerela aka kewaa ala ahụ n'ime klas anọ: ala ndị na-adịghị emepụta ihe na-esiteghị na ihu igwe na-esi na mbuze, mkpokọ ọnụ na ihe nkwụnye ego, vertisols; alluvial nkwụnye ego na nnukwu ụrọ ọdịnaya ka oké ọkọchị na-abịa mfe cracking; ala hydromorphic na ala halomorphic nwere salinity dị elu. Ihe onwunwe na usoro Emere nlele ahụ na ọkwa abụọ mbụ (0 - 20 cm na 20 – 40 cm) n'ihi na, n'ọkwa a, na-ewere ọnọdụ mgbanwe ion kachasị mkpa. Emere ha na isi asatọ n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri Fetzara ma ọ bụ ngụkọta nke nlele 16.. Akpọkọrọ ihe nlele ala ahụ ruo n'ala ikuku dị ọhụrụ wee sie ya ruo 2 mm iji nweta ihe ndị dị mma nke a ga-eji mee nyocha kemịkalụ na physicochemical niile. A na-eme nyocha nke ala gbasara njupụta, porosity, carbon na organic okwu, pH, conductivity eletrik na nnu soluble. A na-enweta njirimara ndị a site na usoro nyocha nke ugbu a na sayensị ala. Nsonaazụ na mkparịta ụka Ihe onwunwe nke ala A na-egosipụta ihe onwunwe ala nke nnu na-agbaze agbaze site na mgbanwe ndị dị ịrịba ama. Ọdịdị ala nke Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara bụ nke ụdị prismatic na ogidi, njirimara ndị a bụ nke ala na-emetụta nnu. Ala nke Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara nwere ezigbo njupụta nke ihe dị ka 2.31 g / cm3, nkezi nke ihe dị na 33%, permeability n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ na-erughị 2 cm / h, pH bụ ntakịrị acidic na alkaline (5.65 ruo 7.93), na ihe dị n'ime ihe dị iche iche (0.26 ruo 7.67%) [10]. Ọganihu ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na okirikiri mmiri, site na idei mmiri nke oge oyi na oge okpomọkụ. Nnyocha nke nnu n'ala Nnyocha ndị gara aga na-egosi na nnu dị mkpa karịsịa n'ebe ugwu, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara. Ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti ọdọ mmiri ahụ yiri ka ọ bụ ebe nnu na-emetụta ntakịrị n'ihi mmegharị nke nnu na-aga na mpụga na desalination nke etiti ọdọ mmiri .[7] Nkezi nke conductivity eletrik nke ihe ngwọta ala n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ihe dị ka 1534 μs / cm maka oyi akwa 0-20 cm, na 2577 μs /cm maka oyi akwa nke ọzọ 20-40 cm, na-egosi nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti oyi akwa abụọ ahụ nwere oke nnu a na-agbaze agbaze na omimi. Nsogbu nke nnu nwere ike imetụta ala n'ihi ọnụnọ nke oke nnu, sodium ma ọ bụ ha abụọ n'otu oge. Mmiri nnu ndị a na-agbaze agbaze bụ, Ca ++, Mg ++, K+, Na +, Cl-, SO4 - na HCO3- (Table 2). Nnyocha isi nke akụkụ ahụ Nnyocha nke okirikiri njikọ nke axis abụọ F1 na F2 mejupụtara, anyị na-egosi na ihe F1 na-egosipụta 72.40% nke ọdịiche (Foto 5). Na axis a, nnu ndị a na-agbaze agbaze (Ca ++, Mg ++, Na+, Cl-, SO4 - na EC) na-emegide HCO3- nke na-anọchite anya carbonate alkalinity. Nke a bụ axis nke nwere ike igosipụta n'otu oge ahụ ihe omume nke salinization na-emetụta ụdị ala ụfọdụ na alkalinization nke na-etolite na ndị ọzọ [10]. Akụkụ nke abụọ F2, nke na-anọchite anya 12.29% nke ọdịiche ahụ, na-emegide nnu ndị a na-agbaze agbaze na alkalinity, pH na K+. Ọ nwere ike igosipụta usoro nke salinization na alkalinization. Mana a naghị ewepụkwa ihe omume nke nkedo nke K + site na ụfọdụ mineral ụrọ. Nkesa nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-enye anyị ohere ịhụ ìgwè atọ nke njikọ; otu mbụ G1 (S3, S4, S8, S11, S12 na S16) bụ nke a na-akọwa site na ngwọta mineral, ọ na-emegide otu nke abụọ G2 (S6, S7, S14 na S15) na-anọchite anya ngwọta mineralized. Ìgwè nke atọ G3 (S1, S2, S9 na S10) gụnyere ihe ngwọta ndị e ji bicarbonate mee. Edensibịa Ebe e si nweta ya Zenati, N. Relation Nappes - Lac Confirmation par l'hydrochimie cas de la plaine Ouest d'El Hadjar lac Fetzara N-E Algérien. Mémoire de Magister, option : Chimie et Environnement. Univ. Annaba, (1999) 151p. Njikọ mpụga Nnyocha nke nnu n'ala na mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Fetzara