Ikiyaga cya Tonga

Lake Tonga ni ikiyaga cy’amazi meza giherereye muri El Kala National Park, mu ntara (wilaya) ya El Tarf Province, muri Alijeriya. Byatangajwe nk’ahantu harengerwa ku rwego rwa Ramsar Convention ku itariki ya 11 Mata 1983, kandi bifatwa nk’ahantu h’ingenzi cyane ho guterera amagi n’inyoni muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru. Aho Giherereye Lake Tonga ni ikiyaga cy’amazi meza giherereye hagati muri El Kala National Park, hamwe n’ikindi kiyaga cy’amazi meza Lake Oubeïra, ndetse n’ikigega cy’amazi arimo umunyu cya Lake El Mellah. Iki kiyaga giherereye mu kibaya kinini cy’inkombe (coastal depression) kiri hagati y’umujyi wa El Kala mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa Alijeriya no ku mupaka wa Alijeriya na Tuniziya. Akarere kacyo k’amazi (drainage basin) kangana na hegitari zigera ku 15,000, harimo hegitari 2,800 zigize ahari ikiyaga ubwacyo. Ibi biyaga uko ari bitatu byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibishanga bifite akamaro mpuzamahanga hashingiwe ku Ramsar Convention mu mwaka wa 1983. Lake Tonga kandi kimwe muri byo, cyari gifite amazi menshi ariko ubu gicukuweho umuyoboro wo hagati (central channel) wacukuwe mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, ku buryo ubu cyahindutse igishanga kinini (extensive marsh). Aka gace kagizwe n’urusobe runini rw’ibishanga (wetland complex), harimo n’imisozi y’amashyamba, amashyamba y’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe bwinshi (humid forest areas), ndetse n’urusobe rw’imisozi y’umucanga (sand dunes system). Lake Tonga kandi ifite isano n’Inyanja ya Mediterane, kandi itembera amazi yayo cyane cyane ikabona amazi aturutse ku mugezi wa Oued El-Hout mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba no ku mugezi wa Oued El-Eurg mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba. Ayo migezi yombi yaremye uturere twa delta, aho imyanda (sediments) ijya isatira ikiyaga buhoro buhoro, bigatuma ubuso bwacyo bugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ikirere Akarere Lake Tonga karangwa n’ikirere cya Mediterane, gifite ubushyuhe busanzwe buri ku mpuzandengo ya dogere selisiyusi 18.9 mu mwaka. Hari igihe cy’izuba (dry season) kimara hafi amezi ane. Ukwezi kwa Mutarama ni ko gukonja cyane, mu gihe Kanama ari ko gashyuha cyane kurusha ayandi. Imvura igwa ku mwaka irenga milimetero 700, aho igwa cyane mu gihe cy’itumba n’itumba-ry’impeshyi (autumn), mu gihe mu mpeshyi haba imvura nkeya cyane. Inyamanswa n 'ibimera Lake Tonga itanga ahantu h’ingenzi ho kuba ibimera byo mu mazi, aho ibimera bikurira hamwe bigakora imiterere y’uduce dutandukanye tw’ibimera (mosaic of plant communities). Imiterere nyamukuru y’ibi bimera igizwe n’ibyatsi binini byo mu mazi (reed beds) bikora nk’ubuhungiro bw’ibimera byinshi byo mu bishanga (helophytes). Mu gihe cy’impeshyi n’icyi, indabo z’umweru zo mu mazi (white water lilies) zipfuka igice kinini cy’ubuso bw’ikiyaga. Lake Tonga ifatwa nk’ahantu h’ingenzi ho guterera amagi no kororokera inyoni muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, ikaba icumbikiye amoko menshi y’inyoni zirimo herons, egrets, western marsh harriers, n’izindi nyoni z’inyamanswa zihiga (birds of prey), ndetse n’andi moko y’inyoni zo mu mazi. Zimwe muri izi nyoni ni izo kubungabunga cyane kuko ari nke cyangwa ziri mu kaga ko gushira ku isi (rare and globally threatened species). Abaturage bo mu gace gakikije Lake Tonga bakora ubworozi bw’amatungo ndetse n’ubuhinzi bw’ibihe (seasonal agriculture). Reba n' ibi El Kala National Park Inyamaswa zo muri Alijeriya