Tassili n'Ajjer

Tassili n'Ajjer (Berber: Tassili n Ajjer, Arabic: طاسيلي ناجر, romanized: ṭāssīlī naʾjir; "Plateau of rivers") bụ ugwu dị n'ọzara Sahara, nke dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Algeria. O nwere otu n'ime otu kachasị mkpa nke nka ọgba tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ụwa ma kpuchiri ebe karịrị 72,000 km2 (28,000 sq mi). A kpọpụtala ebe a ka ọ bụrụ ogige mba na ebe nchekwa Biosphere, e wee tinye ya na ndepụta UNESCO nke Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa na 1982. Nsụgharị Bekee nke Tassili n'Ajjer bụ 'ala dị larịị nke osimiri'. Ọdịdị ala Tassili n'Ajjer is a plateau in south-eastern Algeria at the borders of Libya and Niger, covering an area of 72,000 km2. Ọ na-eru 26°20'N 5°00'E site n'ọwụwa anyanwụ-ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo 24°00'N 10°00'E. Ebe kachasị elu ya bụ Adrar Afao nke dị elu na 2,158 m (7,080 ft), dị na 25°10'N 8°11'E. Obodo ndị kacha nso bụ Djanet dị na nsọtụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Illizi dị na nsọtụ ugwu. Ala dị larịị ahụ nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na ihe gbasara ala na ịma mma. Ọdịdị ya nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ala nke nwere oke ọhịa nkume, nke e ji ájá ájá gbajiri agbaji mee, yiri ala ọnwa ma nwee ọtụtụ ụdị nka nkume. Ọdịdị ala Ihe mejupụtara ihe owuwu a bụ aja okwute. Desert varnish tere aja okwute ahụ, obere mpụta nke metallic oxides nke na-agba agba dị iche iche site na oji ruo na ọbara ọbara na-adịghị mma, agba nkume ndị ahụ. Mbuze n'ógbè ahụ emeela ka e nwee ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị nkume 300 e ji aka mee n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, tinyere nnukwu olulu mmiri na ọdọ mmiri na-adịgide adịgide n'ebe ugwu. Ihe mkpuchi Tuareg, mkpokọta nke terranes nke mepụtara n'oge Neoproterozoic n'etiti afọ 750 na 550 nde gara aga, gụnyere mpaghara Ugwu Ahaggar nke oge a na Algeria, Ugwu Aïr na Niger, na Adrar des Ifoghas na Mali. N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ dị Craton nke ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ Saharan Metacraton. Ọ gbasaa site na accretion n'ebe ugwu na ndịda, nke mere na ọ gụnyekwara mpaghara Tassili n'Ajjer nke oge a. N'oge a, nnukwu kọntinent ahụ Gondwana pụtara, nke gụnyekwara craton na ọta niile nke ihe ga-emesịa ghọọ Afrịka. N'oge Cambrian nke sochirinụ (afọ 541 ruo nde 485 gara aga), e guzobere nkwụnye mbụ nke sediment ka dị taa na mpaghara Tassili n'Ajjer. N'oge a, Gondwana si n'ógbè Equatorial gaa na ndịda hemisphere, nke mere na mpaghara Sahara dị na mpaghara South Pole n'oge Upper Ordovician (afọ 458 ruo 443 nde gara aga). Ná ngwụcha oge a, oge ice 'Hirnantian' jupụtara ruo otu nde afọ. E nwere mpempe akwụkwọ ice, nke gbasara ọtụtụ akụkụ ugwu Afrịka.[a] Na mbido oge Silurian (malite na nde afọ 443 gara aga), ihu igwe ụwa gbanwere, mee ka ice nke Tuareg Shield gbazee. Nke a hapụrụ ọwa mmiri gbazere agbaze nke kpụrụ n'okpuru ice. Nke a mechara guzobe usoro mmụta ala nke Inner Tassili Group. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ájá na ụfọdụ oyi akwa nke ụrọ. N'oge Silurian na Devonian, mmebi iwu (mmalite nke oké osimiri) site n'ebe ugwu na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ kpuchiri nnukwu ebe dị na Sahara site na iji akwa ájá ndị ọzọ. N'oge ahụ, Tassili n'Ajjer bụ ala mmiri dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri, wee mechaa ghọọ ala mmiri mmiri. N'oge Silurian, E guzobere usoro nhazi nke Intra Tassili Group, nke nwere ọtụtụ ụrọ ￼￼ nke e ji ihe ndị dị ndụ mee na ụfọdụ nkume ájá. N'oge Devonian, e guzobere otu Tassili nke dị n'èzí, nke nwere ọtụtụ nkume ájá tinyere ụrọ nwere macrofauna na ụfọdụ nkume limestone. Ọ bụ site na usoro abụọ a nke oge Silurian na Devonian ka mmanụ ala si dị a na-ewepụtakwa ma na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta gas sitere n'okike na Illizi Basin, n'ebe ugwu Illizi. N'ime afọ nde 200 sochirinụ, mpaghara a nọgidere na-abụ ala dị jụụ, dịkwa larịị nke na-enweghị nnukwu mgbanwe ma ọ bụ sedimentation. - Ikekwe n'oge Cretaceous, mana karịsịa kemgbe Miocene (afọ 23 ruo 5,3 nde gara aga), Tuareg Shield malitere ịgbapụta n'ihi magmatic mmụba. Elu elu dị na mpaghara Ahaggar mechara ruo mita 4,000 ruo 5,000. Ó metụtakwara mpaghara Tassili n'Ajjer, ebe elu ya mere ka oyi akwa ya gbadaa n'ebe ugwu. N'akụkụ elu ugwu ahụ, ọtụtụ basin guzobere n'ebe ugwu na ndịda nke Tuareg Shield, nke jere ozi ugbu a dị ka ebe a na-edebe ihe mkpofu maka ihe mkpofu ndị mebiri emebi, dịka ọmụmaatụ Illizi Basin. Karịsịa na Miocene, akwa sedimentary nke Mpụga Tassili (usoro oyi akwa kachasị elu) gbawara kpamkpam n'akụkụ ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Tassili n'Ajjer. N'akụkụ ugwu, n'elu ala nke otu oyi akwa a, usoro osimiri ahụ gwuru ruo mita 400 n'ime ájá na ájá ájá n'ihi oke mgbanwe ugbu a. Nnukwu mgbanwe ikpeazụ nke ala mere n'oge Pliocene (5,3 ruo 2,58 nde afọ gara aga). Ugwu na-agbọpụta ọkụ kpuchiri mpaghara Adrar dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Tassili n'Ajjer na oghere, cones volcanic, na ọwara na-asọ. Ọganihu a gara n'ihu n'oge Quaternary. < Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi Tassili n'Ajjer dị n'ime oke ọhịa ugwu nke dị na ọdịda anyanwụ Saharan nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. N'ihi elu dị elu nke mpaghara ahụ, tinyere ihe ndị na-ejide mmiri nke nkume ájá ya, Ahịhịa dị n'ebe a dị ntakịrị ka ahịhịa ma nwee akwụkwọ ndụ karịa na mpaghara ala nke ọzara; nke a na-emepụta ebe obibi mara mma maka ọtụtụ anụmanụ, site na obere invertebrates, ruo nri ruo anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara. Ogige ntụrụndụ a nwere oke ọhịa mepere emepe, nke gụnyere Saịprọs Sahara na myrtle Saharan nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ma dịkwa ize ndụ, n'ọkara ọwụwa anyanwụ ya dị elu. Osisi cypress Tassili bụ otu n'ime osisi na ihe ndị dị ndụ kacha ogologo n'ụwa, mgbe osisi pine bristlecone nke Western US gasịrị. Ndị bi n'ebe dị iche iche nke agụ iyi ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka dị ndụ na Tassili n'Ajjer ruo narị afọ nke iri abụọ; Taa, a na-ahụkarị ụdị ihe a n'ebe okpomọkụ na ndịda Sahara nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ na Etiti Afrịka, site na Senegal ruo Chad. Aoudad, ma ọ bụ Barbary sheep, bụ naanị ụdị anụmanụ dị ugbu a nke e sere n'ihe osise nkume ochie nke mpaghara ahụ. A kpọrọ ogige ntụrụndụ a Mkpa Nnụnụ (IBA) site n'aka BirdLife International n'ihi na ọ na-akwado ọtụtụ ndị bi na ahụrụ a chara acha na Ahịa Lichtenstein, Fero ugo - ikwiikwii, nnukwu hoopoe - larks, bar-tailed na desert larks, pale rock martins, fullyous babblers, okpueze ọcha na witi na-eru uju, nza desert na trumpeter finches. Nkà mmụta ihe ochie Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga Kemgbe afọ 1863, ndị Yuropu na-eme nnyocha banyere ihe osise nkume nke ndị Algeria, ebe ndị mere nyocha ahụ bụ "A. Pomel (1893–1898), Stéphane Gsell (1901–1927), G. B. M. Flamand (1892–1921), Leo Frobenius and Hugo Obermaier (1925), Henri Breuil (1931–1957), L. Joleaud (1918–1938), na Raymond Vaufrey (1935–1955)." A mara Tassili nke ọma na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, mana e jiri usoro eserese nke ndị agha France, ọkachasị Lieutenant Charles Brenans, mee ka ndị ọdịda anyanwụ mata ya nke ọma n'afọ 1930 O wetara onye France bụ ọkà mmụta ihe ochie Henri Lhote, onye mechara lọta n'etiti afọ 1956–1957, 1959, 1962, na 1970. A katọrọ njem Lhote nke ukwuu, ebe ndị otu ya boro ebubo na ha na-ese foto adịgboroja ma na-emebi ihe osise n'ime ka ha maa mma maka ịchọta na ịse foto, nke mere ka agba ndị mbụ ghara ịrụzi nke ọma. Nkọwa nke ihe mgbe ochie ugbu a Ebe Tassili dị bụ isi n'oge Neolithic nke ndị otu ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ transhumant bụ ndị ụdị ndụ ha baara ma ụmụ mmadụ ma anụ ụlọ uru. Ọdịdị ala obodo, ịdị elu, na akụrụngwa sitere n'okike bụ ọnọdụ kacha mma maka ịma ụlọikwuu n'oge ọkọchị nke obere ìgwè. Osimiri dị n'ime ugwu ahụ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ụzọ dị n'etiti ugwu ndị dị n'okwute na ala ndị dị larịị nke ájá. Ugwu ndị dị n'elu nwere ihe akaebe ihe ochie nke na-egosi na e bibiri ha site na 5500 ruo 1500 Tupu Oge Anyị, ebe ala ndị dị larịị nwere nkume tumuli na ebe ọkụ dị n'agbata 6000 na 4000 Tupu Oge Anyị. O yiri ka e jirila ebe ndị dị n'ala dị larịị mee ebe obibi, karịsịa n'oge mmiri ozuzo. E nwere ọtụtụ ebe obibi nkume n'ime ọhịa ájá ájá, nke jupụtara na ihe ochie Neolithic gụnyere ite seramiiki na ite ite, isi akụ lithic, efere na igwe nri, bidịị, na ọla. Mgbanwe gaa n'ịzụ anụmanụ mgbe oge Omimi Afrịka n'oge mbụ Holocene pụtara ìhè na ndekọ ihe ochie nke Tassili n'Ajjer, nka nkume, na nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke anụmanụ. Ọzọkwa, nnweta Tassili bụ akụkụ nke mmegharị buru ibu na mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ime Central Sahara. Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi malitere na Central Sahara ihe dị ka 14,000 BP wee gaa n'ihu n'oge ọkọchị nke butere obere ebe obibi. Agbanyeghị, ihu igwe adịghị otu ebe, e kewara Sahara n'etiti ala kpọrọ nkụ na ugwu ndị dị mmiri mmiri. Ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'ala na-egosi na ndị mmadụ bi n'ime ha, n'ụdị ìgwè ndị na-achụ nta, dị n'agbata 10,000 na 7500 BP; mgbe 7500 BP gasịrị, ụmụ mmadụ malitere ịhazi onwe ha n'ìgwè ndị na-azụ atụrụ iji zaa ajụjụ maka ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-akawanye njọ. E nwere oge ọkọchị site na 7900 na 7200 BP na Tassili nke mere tupu e nwee ìgwè ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ mbụ, nke kwekọrọ n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara Sahara-Sahelian. E gwupụtara ite tupu e jiri Pastoral rụọ ọrụ na Tassili ihe dị ka 9,000–8,500 BP, ebe ite Pastoral sitere na 7100–6000 BP. A na-eji ihe osise nkume dị na Tassili eme ihe na ebe ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Dhar Tichitt na Mauritania, iji mụọ mmepe nke ịzụ anụmanụ na njem ndị si mba ọzọ gaa mba ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Afrịka. A na-azụ ehi n'ebe dị iche iche n'oge dị ka afọ 3000 ruo 2000 Tupu Oge Anyị, nke na-egosi mmalite na mgbasa nke ọrụ nlekọta anụmanụ n'ógbè ahụ. Nke a sochiri ịnyịnya (tupu afọ 1000 Tupu Oge Anyị) wee soro kamel n'ime puku afọ na-esote. Mbịarute nke kamel na-egosi mmụba nke azụmaahịa trans-Saharan, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ejikarị kamel eme njem n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè azụmaahịa. Ihe osise tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme Nha nkume a bụ ebe e ji ihe ochie rụọ, nke a maara maka ọtụtụ ọrụ nka nkume nke e ji nkume rụọ tupu oge ochie, nke e dere na mbụ n'afọ 1910, nke ahụ malitere na mmalite oge Neolithic na njedebe nke oge oyi ikpeazụ nke Sahara bụ ebe obibi nke ọma karịa ọzara dị ugbu a. Ọ bụ ezie na isi mmalite dị iche iche, a na-eche na ihe osise mbụ dị afọ 12,000. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha malitere n'afọ nke itoolu na nke iri nke narị afọ iri na itoolu nke afọ iri na itoolu nke afọ iri na itoolu nke afọ iri na itoolu nke afọ iri na itoolu ma ọ bụ karịa, dịka OSL si kwuo. E ji ihe osise ahụ mee ihe ochie site n'ịchịkọta obere iberibe nke ihe osise ndị kpọrọ nkụ ma gbajie agbawa tupu e lie ha. N'ime ihe osise puku iri na ise e dekọrọ ruo ugbu a, ndị a na-egosi bụ nnukwu anụ ọhịa dịka ele na agụ iyi, ehi, na ụmụ mmadụ ndị na-eme ihe omume dịka ịchụ nta na ịgba egwu. Ihe osise ndị a bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise mbụ nke ndị omenkà Central Sahara mere, ha na-emekwa n'ebe kachasị na Tassili. Ọ bụ ezie na Algeria dị nso na Iberian Peninsula, ihe osise nkume nke Tassili n'Ajjer gbanwere iche na nke omenala ndị Europe. Dịka UNESCO si kwuo, "Ọtụtụ ihe osise na ihe osise dị iche iche... emeela ka Tassili bụrụ ihe a ma ama n'ụwa niile." Dịka ebe ndị Sahara ndị ọzọ nwere ihe osise nkume, enwere ike kewaa Tassili n'ime omenala ise dị iche iche: Archaic (10,000 ruo 7500 Tupu Oge Anyị) Isi Gburugburu (7550 ruo 5050 Tupu Oge Anyị), Bovidian ma ọ bụ Pastoral (4500 ruo 4000 Tupu Oge Anyị), Ịnyịnya (site na 2000 Tupu Oge Anyị na 50 Tupu Oge Anyị), na Kamel (1000 Tupu Oge Anyị na 1000 Tupu Oge Anyị na 1000 Tupu Oge Anyị). Oge ochie bụ nke anụ ọhịa bi na Sahara n'oge Holocene mbụ. A na-akpọ ọrụ ndị a ndị dinta na-achịkọta ihe, nke nwere naanị ihe e ji kpụọ ihe. Ihe onyonyo bụ nke anụmanụ buru ibu, nke e sere n'ụzọ okike, ya na usoro geometric mgbe ụfọdụ na ọdịdị mmadụ. A na-ahụkarị ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ n'ime ebe ịchụ nta. A na-ejikọta Oge Round Head na nhọrọ ejiji ụfọdụ na-egosi ụdị mmadụ ma kewapụ ya nke ọma na ọdịnala Archaic ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na'achịkọta ihe bụ ndị na-ese ihe maka ha abụọ. Ihe osise ahụ nwere ihe osise, na ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise nkume kachasị ochie na nke kachasị ukwuu n'Africa; otu onye guzo karịa mita ise na nke ọzọ na mita atọ na ọkara. Ihe ngosi pụrụ iche nke ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri nwere isi dị gburugburu, isi na-enweghị ihe ngosi na ahụ na-enweghị ọdịdị yiri ka ha na-ese na nkume, ya mere akara "Round Head". Ihe osise na ihe osise ndị a na-elekwasị anya n'ebe ụfọdụ dị na mbara ala ahụ, na-egosi na ebe ndị a bụ etiti ememe, ememe, na ememe. Ọtụtụ anụmanụ ndị a na-egosi bụ mouflon na antelope, na-anọkarị n'ọnọdụ kwụ otu ebe nke na-adịghị egosi na ọ bụ akụkụ nke ebe ịchụ nta. Oge ndị Bovidian/Ọrụ Ndị Nkịtị na-ejikọta na mbata nke ehi ndị a na-azụ n'ụlọ na Sahara na mgbanwe nwayọọ nwayọọ gaa na ịzụ anụ ụlọ na-agagharị agagharị. E nwere ihe dị iche n'etiti oge ọzụzụ atụrụ na oge abụọ gara aga, nke dabara na mbibi nke Sahara. E nwere mmụba nke ụdị ejiji, nke na-egosi mmegharị nke otu omenala dị iche iche n'ime mpaghara ahụ. A na-egosi anụmanụ ndị a na-azụ n'ụlọ dịka ehi, atụrụ, ewu, na nkịta, nke yiri ihe ndekọ ihe ochie nke ebe ahụ. Ihe ndị a na-egosi obodo dị iche iche nke ndị na-azụ anụ, ndị dinta ji ụta, tinyere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka, ma na-egosi mmụba nke ọha mmadụ dabere na ihe onwunwe. Omenala Ịnyịnya ndị a kwekọrọ na mbibi zuru oke nke Sahara na ihe achọrọ maka ụzọ njem ọhụrụ. A na-egosi ọbịbịa nke ịnyịnya, ụgbọ ịnyịnya na-adọkpụ, na ndị na-agba ịnyịnya, ọtụtụ mgbe n'etiti ịgba ọsọ, a na-ejikọtakwa ya na ịchụ nta karịa agha. Ihe odide nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Libya-Berber, nke ndị nna ochie Berber ji mee ihe, dị n'akụkụ ihe oyiyi ndị ahụ, agbanyeghị, ederede ahụ enweghị ike nkọwa kpamkpam. A na-akọwa oge ikpeazụ site na ọdịdị nke kamel, nke nọchiri ịnyịnya ibu na ehi dị ka ụzọ isi ebuga ndị mmadụ n'ofe Sahara. Mbido nke kamel na-adaba na mmepe nke ụzọ azụmaahịa dị anya nke ndị njem na-eji ebuga nnu, ngwongwo, na ndị ohu gafee Sahara. Ndị ikom, ma ndị nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ma ndị a na-ebupụ, nwere ọta, ube, na mma agha. A gụnyere anụmanụ dịka ehi na ewu, mana e ji anụ ọhịa mee ihe n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. Ọ bụ ezie na oge ndị a na-esochi onwe ha, oge ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na-ewughachi ha mgbe niile ka teknụzụ na nkọwa na-etolite. Ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na-akọpụta ihe osise ahụ kemgbe ụwa, ha na-anakọta iberibe na ihe ndị dara ada n'elu nkume ahụ. Ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ide ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ "Nwanyị Na-agba Ọsọ", nke a makwaara dịka "Chi nwanyị nwere mpi", nke sitere na oge isi gburugburu. Ihe onyonyo a na-egosi otu nwanyị nwere mpi n'etiti; ntụpọ na-achọ ahụ ya na aka ya mma, o yikwara uwe aka ya dị warara, uwe mwụda, eriri ụkwụ, na nkwonkwo ụkwụ. Dịka Arisika Razak si kwuo, Chi nwanyị nwere mpi nke Tassili bụ ihe atụ mbụ nke "Nwanyị dị nsọ nke Afrịka." A na-emesi ike na ọ bụ nwanyị, ọmụmụ nwa, na njikọ ya na okike, ebe onye omenkà Neolithic na-etinye onyinyo ahụ n'elu obere ndị ochie. Ojiji nke mpi ehi bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ihe osise isi gbara gburugburu, nke na-egosi njikọta nke ehi ndị a na-azụ n'ụlọ na ndụ kwa ụbọchị nke Sahara. Foto ehi, ọkachasị nke oké ehi, ghọrọ isi okwu na ọ bụghị naanị na Tassili, kamakwa na ebe ndị ọzọ dị nso na Libya. Ihe osise nkume Fungoid Na 1989, onye na-eme nchọpụta banyere ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa uche Giorgio Samorini tụrụ aro na eserese ndị dị ka fungoid n'ọgba Tassili bụ ihe akaebe nke mmekọrịta ahụ n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na ndị nwere ọrịa uche n'ime ndị bi na Sahara oge ochie, mgbe ọ ka bụ ala ahịhịa ndụ: Otu n'ime ihe nkiri kachasị mkpa dị na ebe a na-ese ihe n'okirikiri nkume Tin-Tazarift, na Tassili, ebe anyị na-ahụ usoro ihe oyiyi ndị a kpuchiri ekpuchi n'ahịrị ma yi uwe ma ọ bụ yi uwe dị ka ndị na-agba egwu gbara gburugburu site na ihe ngosi dị ogologo na nke na-akpali akpali nke ụdị dị iche iche nke imewe geometric... Onye ọ bụla na-agba egwu na-ejide ihe dị ka ero n'aka nri, ọbụna ihe ijuanya karịa, ahịrị abụọ yiri ibe ha na-esi na ihe a apụta ruo n'akụkụ etiti nke isi onye na-agba egwu ahụ, ebe mgbọrọgwụ nke mpi abụọ ahụ dị. Ahịrị abụọ a nwere ike ịpụta njikọ na-apụtaghị ìhè ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na-abụghị ihe na-agafe site na ihe ejiri aka nri na uche jide. Nkọwa a ga-adaba na nkọwa ero ma ọ bụrụ na anyị eburu n'uche uru uche zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ero na akwụkwọ nri na-akpali akpali, nke na-abụkarị ihe omimi na ihe ime mmụọ (Dobkin de Rios, 1984:194). O yiri ka ahịrị ndị a - n'onwe ha echiche nke na-anọchite anya ihe na-abụghị ihe dị na nka oge ochie - na-anọchite anya mmetụta ero nwere n'uche mmadụ... N'ụlọ ntu dị na Tin - Abouteka, na Tassili, e nwere ihe e ji mee ya ma ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro abụọ nke jikọtara ero na azụ; njikọ pụrụ iche nke akara dị n'etiti omenala ethno-mycological... A na-egosi ero abụọ n'akụkụ ibe ha, n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ gburugburu ihe atụ azụ ahụ na nso ọdụ ya. N'ebe a, n'elu, anyị na-ahụ azụ ndị ọzọ yiri nke ahụ e kwuru n'elu, mana na-enweghị ero dị n'akụkụ. -Giorgio Samorini, 1989 Terence McKenna ji echiche a mee ihe ọzọ n'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1992 bụ́ Food of the Gods, na-ekwu na omenala Neolithic nke bi ebe ahụ jiri ero psilocybin mee ihe dịka akụkụ nke usoro ndụ okpukperechi, na-ekwu maka ihe osise nkume nke na-egosi ndị mmadụ ji ihe ndị dị ka ero n'aka ha, yana ero ndị na-eto site n'ahụ ha. Maka Henri Lhote, onye chọpụtara ọgba Tassili na ngwụcha afọ 1950, o doro anya na ha bụ ebe nsọ nzuzo. Ihe osise kacha akwado echiche ero bụ ihe osise ero Tassili bụ Matalem-Amazar ebe e ji ero kpuchie ahụ onye shaman a na-anọchite anya ya. Dịka Earl Lee si kwuo n'akwụkwọ ya bụ́ From the Bodies of the Gods: Psychoactive Plants and the Cults of the Dead (2012), Ihe osise a na-ezo aka n'ihe mere n'oge ochie ebe e liri "onye ogbu ero" mgbe o yi uwe ya niile, mgbe e gwupụtara ya n'ala mgbe e mesịrị, obere ero ga-eto n'elu uwe. Earl Lee lere eserese ero na Tassili anya dị ka ihe ezi uche dị na ya. Dịka Brian Akers, onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ Mushroom si kwuo, ihe osise nkume fungoid dị na Tassili adịghị ka ihe nnọchianya nke Psilocybe hispanica dị na Selva Pascuala caves (2015), ọ naghịkwa ele ya anya dị ka ihe ga-eme eme. N'omenala a ma ama Tassili bụ ebe e dekọrọ egwu na aha abọm Tuareg nke afọ 2011 nke otu egwu Tinariwen. Egwu Tassili Plain bụ egwu dị na abọm Natural Wonders of the World nke afọ 1994 na Dub nke otu Zion Train dere. Na Fate/Extella: The Umbral Star, agwa Altera bụ n'ezie ụdị chi a maara dị ka Sefar, nke dabere na otu n'ime eserese e sere n'ọgba ahụ ma a makwaara ya n'akụkọ ahụ dịka The White Titan nke Tassili n'Ajjer Ihe ngosi Ihe osise ndị dị na nkume nke Tin-Taghirt Ebe Tin-Taghirt dị na Tassili n'Ajjer n'etiti obodo Dider na Iherir. Hụkwa Ihe edeturu Njikọ mpụga Vidio Ogidi ndị sitere n'okike nke Tassili n'Ajjer Flore et faune du Tassili n'Ajjer, 2023, French, illustrated. 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