Tafkin Fetzara

Tafkin Fetzara yana cikin arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya, 18 kilometres (11 mi) (11 kudu maso gabashin birnin Annaba. Ya auna 17 kilometres (11 mi) (11 daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) (8.1 daga arewa zuwa kudu, tare da yanki na kimanin hekta 18,600 (46,000 acres). An rarraba shi a hukumance a matsayin yanki "Ramsar", wanda ya haɗa da kariya ga wannan wuri. An gudanar da bincike da yawa a kan ruwa da ƙasa na yankin Fetzara [1-7]. An gudanar da waɗannan binciken don saka idanu kan gishiri da kuma nuna asalinsa da abubuwan da ke jagoranta. Babban manufar wannan binciken shine kimanta kaddarorin ƙasa na Tafkin Fetzara waɗanda abin da ya faru na salinization ya shafa da kuma nazarin bambancin su tare da zurfi. An dauki samfurori a kan yadudduka biyu na farko (0-20 cm da 20-40 cm) a maki takwas a kusa da Tafkin Fetzara, don jimlar samfurori 16. Sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa gishirin ƙasa ya kai matsakaicin sa a arewa maso gabas (yankin Wadi Zied) da kudancin Tafkin (yankin Cheurfa) tare da rinjaye na sodium chloride-chemical facies. Wurin da yake Tafkin Fetzara yana da nisan kilomita 18 a kudu maso gabashin birnin Annaba a gabashin gabashin Aljeriya. Yana da kilomita 17 (11 daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita 13 (8.1 daga arewa zuwa kudu tare da farfajiyar kimanin hekta 18,600 (46,000 acres). Wannan yanki yana ƙarƙashin yanayin Bahar Rum tare da yanayi biyu daban-daban: ɗaya mai laushi ɗayan kuma bushe. Ruwan tafkin na wucin gadi ne dangane da tsananin lokacin ruwan sama wanda ya dogara da shi kusan kawai, gabaɗaya yanki ne na sama da hekta 13000 na ƙasar da aka ambaliya a cikin hunturu kuma yana samar da manyan makiyaya. Kasancewar babban tashar da ke fadin tafkin daga yamma zuwa gabas yana samar da magudanar ruwa, amma bai isa ya kwashe ruwa a cikin hunturu ba. Masanin ilimin ƙasa Henri Fournel ya gano ajiyar Magnetite kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Bône a cikin 1843. Mine din yana da kimanin kilomita 22 (kilomita 35) daga Bone a cikin tudun Mokta kusa da Tafkin Fetzara a ƙarƙashin jerin dutse wanda ke gudana daga kudu zuwa arewa, sannan ya juya gabas na tashar jiragen ruwa na Bone. Sunan "Mokta-el-Hadid" (ƙofar ƙarfe) ya nuna cewa an san ajiyar ƙarfe tun da daɗewa, amma babu wata alama cewa an yi aiki kafin ƙoƙarin farko na ƙaramin ƙarfe a cikin 1840. A wannan lokacin tsawo na tafkin zai kai mita 16 (52 a cikin hunturu, tare da yanki na hekta 14,000 (35,000 acres). Tafkin yana da iyaka da kara da rushes, wanda tsuntsaye masu ƙaura ke amfani da shi don yin gida, yana da wadataccen kifi. An dauki tafkin a matsayin tushen zazzabi, kuma an ba da shawarar tashar ruwa mai nisan kilomita 16 (9.9 da ke gudana cikin Oued Meboudja, amma kodayake Société Générale Algérienne (SGA) tana da haƙƙin arewa da gabashin gabar tafkin ba ta yi komai ba. A cikin shekarun 1870 kamfanin hakar ma'adinai ya dasa itatuwan eucalyptus da yawa a kusa da Tafkin Fetzara, amma dukansu an kashe su ne ta hanyar ruwan gishiri da ke fitowa daga tafkin. A cikin 1877 kamfanin Mokta El Hadid ya sami izinin zubar da tafkin don musayar canja wurin kyauta na ƙasar da aka dawo da ita. Wata tashar da aka jagoranta daga tsakiyar tafkin, ta haye mita 22 (72 yammacin gefen kuma ta kai ga Meboudja. Tsawon saman ya sauka zuwa mita 12 (39 a shekara ta 1880, amma tafkin ya kasance mai santsi a lokacin rani. Bayan 1903 kamfanin ya ba da haƙƙinsa ga Tafkin Fetzara ga mulkin mallaka na SGA, wanda ya karɓi aikin kuma ya kammala shi a cikin 1935. Ingancin ƙasa An bayyana ingancin ƙasa a matsayin sakamakon kayan aikin jiki, sinadarai da na halitta, wanda ke ba da damar girma da ci gaban amfanin gona, tsari da ƙimar ruwa ta hanyar muhalli kuma yana aiki a matsayin famfo mai tacewa zuwa ga gurbataccen. Ingancin ƙasa yana nuna ikonsa na riƙewa da kuma saki ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki don kula da bambancin halittu da tsayayya da tasirin ayyukan da zasu iya haifar da lalacewa. A bayyane yake cewa ingancin ƙasa don amfani da aka ba ya dogara da kaddarorin mahalli da yanayi da kuma amfani da shi ta mutane. Halaye Ƙasa ta Tafkin Fetzara ta kasance batun bincike da yawa don ci gaban noma, dukansu sun nuna duk wani muhimmin ƙuntatawa akan amfani da su kamar salinization da hydromorphy [1, 2, 3, da 7]. Wadannan binciken sun taimaka wajen rarraba ƙasa zuwa nau'o'i huɗu: ƙasa da ba ta samo asali daga lalacewa ba, ajiyar colluvial da alluvial, vertisols; ajiyar alluvial tare da babban abun ciki na yumɓu yayin da fari ya zo da sauƙi ga rushewa; ƙasa mai hydromorphic da ƙasa mai halomorphic tare da babban salinity. Manazarta