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On February 19, 1942—two months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor—President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed an executive order establishing the forced imprisonment, or internment, of Japanese Americans. This was upsetting news to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, who, less than two weeks after the Pearl Harbor bombing, had urged non-Japanse Americans not to turn against Japanese Americans in her syndicated column, “My Day.”

“We, as citizens, if we hear anything suspicious, will report it to the proper authorities,” she wrote in her December 16 column, acknowledging that the United States was at war with Japan, Germany and Italy. “But the great mass of our people, stemming from these various national ties, must not feel that they have suddenly ceased to be Americans.”

As first lady, Eleanor Roosevelt could not and did not want to publicly disagree with her husband’s executive order. (Despite their disagreements, she was a fierce protector of FDR’s image and legacy.) Instead, she attempted to assist Japanese Americans who were in the camps, while publicly praising their loyalty and work ethic in order to convince other Americans that they were not a threat.

By the fall of 1941, Eleanor Roosevelt knew that U.S.the United States entry into World War II was a possibility. And she worried about what that would mean for Japanese Americans. At the time, the United States still barred first-generation Japanese immigrants, known as Issei, from becoming citizens under the 1790 Naturalization Act. Second-generation Japanese Americans, known as Nisei, held U.S. citizenship because they were born in the United States. But this did not protect them from racism and discrimination.

The first lady reached out to the Justice Department about what might happen to Japanese Americans in the event of war, writes Greg Robinson, a history professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal, in By Order of the President: FDR and the Internment of Japanese Americans. On December 4, 1941—three days before the Pearl Harbor attack—the first lady publicly stated that if the country entered the war, the government would not discriminate against any law-abiding noncitizens living in the United States.

That proved very quickly to be untrue. After the U.S. declared war on Japan on December 8, the Treasury Department froze all assets of Issei residents. Eleanor intervened to convince the Treasury Department to relax the restrictions so that families could withdraw $100 a month. Over the next few months, prominent white Americans in the government and media began calling for something even more drastic: the “mass evacuation” of citizens and noncitizens of Japanese descent.

The first lady was not immune to the anti-Japanese misinformation circulating among white Americans at the time. By January 1942, she believed incorrectly that the government had revealed some Japanese Americans to be spies. (In reality, the government never identified any ethnically Japanese spies living in the United States during the war.) Even so, she opposed the idea of mass evacuation.

One of her allies within FDR’s administration was Attorney General Francis Biddle, who tried to advise the president against mass evacuation. But when it became clear that FDR was going to issue an executive order authorizing the forced removal and internment of Japanese Americans, Biddle declined to have the Justice Department intervene.

Under Executive Order 9066, the United States forced more than 100,000 Japanese Americans out of their homes and into remote military internment camps. Each camp was surrounded by barbed wire and guard towers. When internees protested the unsafe conditions and inadequate food rations, military police often responded with violence.

Publicly, Eleanor did not criticize this internment. Privately, she began corresponding with Japanese Americans in the camps. And she began advocating for a program to transfer Nisei students out of the camps so they could go to college. Her efforts led to the formation of the National Japanese American Student Relocation Council in May 1942. That year, she also asked the Department of War if she could visit one of the camps. They denied her request.

When she asked again if she could visit a camp in early 1943, government officials were more amenable. By then, the Army had “opened up enlistment to Japanese American male volunteers, and Franklin Roosevelt endorsed their loyalty,” says Robinson in an interview with HISTORY.com. “He gave a public statement saying Americanism is a matter of the mind and the heart, and not of ancestry.”

In April 1943—not long after Eleanor learned that the U.S. hadn’t actually discovered any Japanese Americans spies, as she had previously believed—the first lady made an approved public visit to the Gila River Relocation Center in Pinal County, Arizona. In her “My Day” column about the visit, she praised the internees as hard-working, law-abiding and loyal to the United States. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times published that month, she said that “the sooner we get the young Japanese out of the camps, the better.”

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Question 1: What was the name of the column by former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt? 
Answer 1: My Day

Question 2: Did Japanese Americans hold citizenship during the time period around WW2? 
Answer 2: Some did and some did not. First-generation Japanese, Issei, were barred from obtaining citizenship under the 1790 Naturalization Act. Second-generation Japanese, Nisei, were allowed citizenship due to being born in the United States. 

Question 3:  Was it before or after the attack on Pearl Harbor when the first lady publicly stated that if the country entered the war, the government would not discriminate against any law-abiding non-citizens living in the United States?
Answer 3: The First Lady publicly stated this on December 4, 1941—three days before the Pearl Harbor attack

Question 4: After the U.S. declared war on Japan on December 8, the Treasury Department froze all assets of Issei (first-generation Japanese American) residents. True or false?
Answer 4: True

Question 5: Was Attorney General Francis Biddle for or against the mass evacuation of Japanese Americans during the war?
Answer 5: Biddle was of Mrs. Roosevelt's allies within FDR’s administration. He tried to advise the president against mass evacuation. But when it became clear that FDR was going to issue an executive order authorizing the forced removal and internment of Japanese Americans, Biddle declined to have the Justice Department intervene.

Question 6: What led to the United States forcing more than 100,000 Japanese Americans out of their homes and into remote military internment camps?
Answer 6: Two months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor—President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed an executive order establishing the forced imprisonment, or internment, of Japanese Americans. 

Question 7: Did First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt publicly oppose her husband's actions against Japanese Americans? 
Answer 7: As first lady, Eleanor Roosevelt could not and did not want to publicly disagree with her husband’s executive order. (Despite their disagreements, she was a fierce protector of FDR’s image and legacy.) Instead, she attempted to assist Japanese Americans who were in the camps, while publicly praising their loyalty and work ethic in order to convince other Americans that they were not a threat.

Question 8: Why did the First Lady help develop the National Japanese American Student Relocation Council in May 1942?
Answer 8: This was the product of her advocating for a program to transfer Nisei students out of the camps so they could go to college.

Question 9: Did the government allow the First Lady to visit the internment camps?
Answer 9: She asked the Department of War in 1942 if she could visit one of the camps. They denied her request. When she asked again if she could visit a camp in early 1943, government officials were more amenable.

Question 10: When did Mrs. Roosevelt praise the internees as hard-working, law-abiding and loyal to the United States in an interview with the Los Angeles Times? She said that “The sooner we get the young Japanese out of the camps, the better.”
Answer 10: After she made an approved public visit to the Gila River Relocation Center in Pinal County, Arizona. 