Nithinram2006/squad huggingface dataset:
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

The earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first known letter sent from North America. St. Jehan is shown on Nicholas Desliens' world map of 1541 and San Joham is found in João Freire's Atlas of 1546. It was during this time that Water Street was first developed, making it the oldest street in North America.[dubious – discuss]

Question: What year did John Rut visit St. John's?
Answer: 1527

Question: Who sent the first known letter from North America?
Answer: John Rut

Question: What three countries ships did John Rut find in 1527?
Answer: Norman, Breton and Portuguese

Question: Who did John Rut write a letter to in 1527?
Answer: King Henry
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675. The population would grow in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen. In 1680, fishing ships (mostly from South Devon) set up fishing rooms at St. John's, bringing hundreds of Irish men into the port to operate inshore fishing boats.

Question: Who referred St. John's as St. "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country" ? 
Answer: William Payne

Question: When did censuses start being conducted in St. John's?
Answer: 1675

Question: When did Irish men begin to operate inshore fishing boats in St. John's?
Answer: 1680

Question: What grew during the summers in St. John's?
Answer: population

Question: Who controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast by 1620?
Answer: fishermen
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English merchant captain. Martin landed six cannons from his vessel, the Elias Andrews, and constructed an earthen breastwork and battery near chain Rock commanding the Narrows leading into the harbour. With only twenty-three men, the valiant Martin beat off an attack by three Dutch warships. The English government planned to expand these fortifications (Fort William) in around 1689, but actual construction didn't begin until after the French admiral Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville captured and destroyed the town in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign (1696). When 1500 English reinforcements arrived in late 1697 they found nothing but rubble where the town and fortifications had stood.

Question: Who briefly seized St. John's in 1665?
Answer: Michiel de Ruyter

Question: In what year did the dutch attack St. John for a second time?
Answer: 1673

Question: How many men defended the attack from the Dutch in 1673?
Answer: twenty-three

Question: Who destroyed Fort William in 1696?
Answer: Pierre Le Moyne

Question: How many Dutch warships were fended of by Christopher Martin in 1673?
Answer: three
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator and adventurer Steve Fossett in a replica Vickers Vimy aircraft, with St. John's International Airport substituting for Lester's Field (now an urban and residential part of the city).

Question: Who flew the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight?
Answer: Alcock and Brown

Question: What aircraft did Alcock and Brown use in 1919 for their flight? 
Answer: Vickers Vimy IV bomber

Question: Where in St. John's did Alcock and Brown depart from in June 1919?
Answer: Lester's Field

Question: Who duplicated Alcock and Brown flight in 2005?
Answer: Steve Fossett

Question: What aircraft did Steve Fossett use for his flight in July 2005?
Answer: replica Vickers Vimy
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields has led to an economic boom that has spurred population growth and commercial development. As a result, the St. John's area now accounts for about half of the province's economic output.

Question: When did the Northern cod fishery collapse?
Answer: 1990s

Question: What led to an economic boom in St. John's?
Answer: Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields

Question: For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's?
Answer: hundreds of years

Question: How long did unemployment rates and depopulation suffer in St. John's?
Answer: decade
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west.

Question: Near what body of water is St. John's located by?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: How many Square miles is St. John's?
Answer: 172.22

Question: In what providence is Edmonton located?
Answer: Alberta

Question: What is the largest Atlantic Province city?
Answer: Halifax
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, which is an inland city that is near the more marine air of the Pacific, demonstrating the cold nature of Eastern Canada. Mean temperatures range from −4.9 °C (23.2 °F) in February to 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) in August, showing somewhat of a seasonal lag in the climate. The city is also one of the areas of the country most prone to tropical cyclone activity, as it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, where tropical storms (and sometimes hurricanes) travel from the United States. The city is one of the rainiest in Canada outside of coastal British Columbia. This is partly due to its propensity for tropical storm activity as well as moist, Atlantic air frequently blowing ashore and creating precipitation.

Question: How is the climate in St. John's?
Answer: humid

Question: In which province is Kelowna located?
Answer: British Columbia

Question: Which Canadian city is the most rainiest?
Answer: British Columbia

Question: What body of water is to the east of St. John?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: From where do tropical storms travel from to St. John's?
Answer: United States
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the mildest winter for any Canadian city outside of British Columbia. Precipitation is frequent and often heavy, falling year round. On average, summer is the driest season, with only occasional thunderstorm activity, and the wettest months are from October to January, with December the wettest single month, with nearly 165 millimetres of precipitation on average. This winter precipitation maximum is quite unusual for humid continental climates, which most commonly have a late spring or early summer precipitation maximum (for example, most of the Midwestern U.S.). Most heavy precipitation events in St. John's are the product of intense mid-latitude storms migrating from the Northeastern U.S. and New England states, and these are most common and intense from October to March, bringing heavy precipitation (commonly 4 to 8 centimetres of rainfall equivalent in a single storm), and strong winds. In winter, two or more types of precipitation (rain, freezing rain, sleet and snow) can fall from passage of a single storm. Snowfall is heavy, averaging nearly 335 centimetres per winter season. However, winter storms can bring changing precipitation types. Heavy snow can transition to heavy rain, melting the snow cover, and possibly back to snow or ice (perhaps briefly) all in the same storm, resulting in little or no net snow accumulation. Snow cover in St. John's is variable, and especially early in the winter season, may be slow to develop, but can extend deeply into the spring months (March, April). The St. John's area is subject to freezing rain (called "silver thaws"), the worst of which paralyzed the city over a three-day period in April 1984.

Question: What is the foggiest Canadian city?
Answer: St. John's

Question: What is the average wind speed in miles per hour for St. John's?
Answer: 15.1 mph

Question: What Canadian city has the mildest winter temperature?
Answer: British Columbia

Question: What is the driest season on average in St. John's?
Answer: summer

Question: What is another word for freezing rain?
Answer: silver thaws
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Starting as a fishing outpost for European fishermen, St. John's consisted mostly of the homes of fishermen, sheds, storage shacks, and wharves constructed out of wood. Like many other cities of the time, as the Industrial Revolution took hold and new methods and materials for construction were introduced, the landscape changed as the city grew in width and height. The Great Fire of 1892 destroyed most of the downtown core, and most residential and other wood-frame buildings date from this period.

Question: What are wharves in St. John's constructed out of?
Answer: wood

Question: In what year was the Great Fire?
Answer: 1892

Question: What was the most affected area of The Great Fire of 1892?
Answer: downtown core
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Often compared to San Francisco due to the hilly terrain and steep maze of residential streets, housing in St. John's is typically painted in bright colours. The city council has implemented strict heritage regulations in the downtown area, including restrictions on the height of buildings. These regulations have caused much controversy over the years. With the city experiencing an economic boom a lack of hotel rooms and office space has seen proposals put forward that do not meet the current height regulations. Heritage advocates argue that the current regulations should be enforced while others believe the regulations should be relaxed to encourage economic development.

Question: What US city is St. John's often compared to?
Answer: San Francisco

Question: What does the city council have restrictions on in downtown?
Answer: height of buildings

Question: What have the restrictions on the height of buildings caused over the years?
Answer: controversy

Question: What is the city lacking because of the height restrictions?
Answer: hotel rooms and office space
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

To meet the need for more office space downtown without compromising the city's heritage, the city council amended heritage regulations, which originally restricted height to 15 metres in the area of land on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove, to create the "Commercial Central Retail – West Zone". The new zone will allow for buildings of greater height. A 47-metre, 12-storey office building, which includes retail space and a parking garage, was the first building to be approved in this area.

Question: What was amended to provide more office space in downtown?
Answer: heritage regulations

Question: What height was the original restriction in downtown for ?
Answer: 15 metres

Question: How tall was the first office building to be approved in the on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove?
Answer: 47-metre
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

As of the 2006 Census, there were 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's itself, 151,322 in the urban area and 181,113 in the St. John's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA). Thus, St. John's is Newfoundland and Labrador's largest city and Canada's 20th largest CMA. Apart from St. John's, the CMA includes 12 other communities: the city of Mount Pearl and the towns of Conception Bay South, Paradise, Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Torbay, Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove, Pouch Cove, Flatrock, Bay Bulls, Witless Bay, Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove and Bauline. The population of the CMA was 192,326 as of 1 July 2010.

Question: In what year where there 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's?
Answer: 2006

Question: How many communities does the CMA include?
Answer: 12

Question: What was the population of the CMA in 2010?
Answer: 192,326

Question: What is Newfoundland and Labrador's largest city?
Answer: St. John's
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Predominantly Christian, the population of St. John's was once divided along sectarian (Catholic/Protestant) lines. In recent years, this sectarianism has declined significantly, and is no longer a commonly acknowledged facet of life in St. John's. St. John's is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of St. John's, and the Anglican Bishop of Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador. All major Christian sects showed a decline from 2001–2011 with a large increase in those with no religion from 3.9% to 11.1%.

Question: What is the largest religion in St. John's?
Answer: Christian

Question: What has declined in the recent years on St. John's?
Answer: sectarianism

Question: What sects declined from 2001-2011?
Answer: Christian
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

St. John's economy is connected to both its role as the provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the ocean. The civil service which is supported by the federal, provincial and municipal governments has been the key to the expansion of the city's labour force and to the stability of its economy, which supports a sizable retail, service and business sector. The provincial government is the largest employer in the city, followed by Memorial University. With the collapse of the fishing industry in Newfoundland and Labrador in the 1990s, the role of the ocean is now tied to what lies beneath it – oil and gas – as opposed to what swims in or travels across it. The city is the centre of the oil and gas industry in Eastern Canada and is one of 19 World Energy Cities. ExxonMobil Canada is headquartered in St. John's and companies such as Chevron, Husky Energy, Suncor Energy and Statoil have major regional operations in the city. Three major offshore oil developments, Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose, are in production off the coast of the city and a fourth development, Hebron, is expected to be producing oil by 2017.

Question: What is supported by the federal, provincial and municipal governments?
Answer: civil service

Question: Who is the largest employer in the city?
Answer: The provincial government

Question: Who is the second largest employer in the city?
Answer: Memorial University

Question: What years did the fishing industry fall in Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: 1990s

Question: What year is Hebron projected to start producing oil in St. John's?
Answer: 2017
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

The economy has been growing quickly in recent years. In both 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively. At $52,000 the city's per capita GDP is the second highest out of all major Canadian cities. Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the "oceanic" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow. In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.

Question: What has been growing in the recent years?
Answer: economy

Question: When did the unemployment rate fall to 5.6 per cent?
Answer: May 2011

Question: What was the city's unemployment rate in May 2011?
Answer: 5.6 per cent

Question: What is the city's per capita GDP?
Answer: $52,000
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

The LSPU Hall is home to the Resource Centre for the Arts. The "Hall" hosts a vibrant and diverse arts community and is regarded as the backbone of artistic infrastructure and development in the downtown. The careers of many well-known Newfoundland artists were launched there including Rick Mercer, Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, Andy Jones and Greg Thomey. The St. John's Arts and Culture Centre houses an art gallery, libraries and a 1000-seat theatre, which is the city's major venue for entertainment productions.

Question: Where is the Resource Centre for the Arts?
Answer: The LSPU Hall

Question: How many seats does the St. John's Arts and Culture theatre have?
Answer: 1000

Question: Where in the city is the LSPU Hall?
Answer: downtown

Question: Where is Rick Mercer from?
Answer: Newfoundland
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Pippy Park is an urban park located in the east end of the city; with over 3,400 acres (14 km2) of land, it is one of Canada's largest urban parks. The park contains a range of recreational facilities including two golf courses, Newfoundland and Labrador's largest serviced campground, walking and skiing trails as well as protected habitat for many plants and animals. Pippy Park is also home to the Fluvarium, an environmental education centre which offers a cross section view of Nagle's Hill Brook.

Question: Where is Pippy Park located in the city?
Answer: east end

Question: About how many acres is Pippy Park?
Answer: 3,400

Question: How many golf courses does Pippy Park have?
Answer: two

Question: What other trail besides walking trails does Pippy Park have?
Answer: skiing

Question: Where is the Fluvarium located?
Answer: Pippy Park
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Bannerman Park is a Victorian-style park located near the downtown. The park was officially opened in 1891 by Sir Alexander Bannerman, Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland who donated the land to create the park. Today the park contains a public swimming pool, playground, a baseball diamond and many large open grassy areas. Bannerman Park plays host to many festivals and sporting events, most notably the Newfoundland and Labrador Folk Festival and St. John's Peace-a-chord. The park is also the finishing location for the annual Tely 10 Mile Road Race.

Question: What part of the city is Bannerman Park located by?
Answer: downtown

Question: What year was Bannerman Park opened?
Answer: 1891

Question: who was the Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland in 1891?
Answer: Sir Alexander Bannerman

Question: Where does the Tely 10 Mile Road Race end?
Answer: Bannerman Park

Question: Who donated land to create a Victorian-style park in 1891?
Answer: Sir Alexander Bannerman
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of Cabot Tower which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Newfoundland, and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marconi on 12 December 1901. Today, Signal Hill is a National Historic Site of Canada and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill. Amongst its popular attractions are the Signal Hill Tattoo, showcasing the Royal Newfoundland Regiment of foot, c. 1795, and the North Head Trail which grants an impressive view of the Atlantic Ocean and the surrounding coast.

Question: What city does Signal Hill overlook?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Where exactly is Cabot Tower located in St. John' ?
Answer: Signal Hill

Question: What year was Cabot Tower built?
Answer: 1897

Question: In what year was Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee?
Answer: 1897

Question:  Who recieved the first transatlantic wireless transmission?
Answer: Guglielmo Marconi
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

The rugby union team The Rock is the Eastern Canadian entry in the Americas Rugby Championship. The Rock play their home games at Swilers Rugby Park, as did the Rugby Canada Super League champions for 2005 and 2006, the Newfoundland Rock. The city hosted a Rugby World Cup qualifying match between Canada and the USA on 12 August 2006, where the Canadians heavily defeated the USA 56–7 to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals in France. The 2007 age-grade Rugby Canada National Championship Festival was held in the city.

Question: Where do The Rock play their home games at?
Answer: Swilers Rugby Park

Question: Who won the the Rugby Canada Super League championship in 2005?
Answer: Newfoundland Rock

Question: In what country was the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals?
Answer: France

Question: In what year did Canada beat USA 56–7 in a Rugby World Cup qualifying match?
Answer: 2006

Question: In what year did France host the Rugby World Cup finals?
Answer: 2007
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

St. John's served as the capital city of the Colony of Newfoundland and the Dominion of Newfoundland before Newfoundland became Canada's tenth province in 1949. The city now serves as the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, therefore the provincial legislature is located in the city. The Confederation Building, located on Confederation Hill, is home to the House of Assembly along with the offices for the Members of the House of Assembly (MHAs) and Ministers. The city is represented by ten MHAs, four who are members of the governing Progressive Conservative Party, three that belong to the New Democratic Party (NDP), and three that belong to the Liberal Party. Lorraine Michael, leader of the NDP since 2006, represents the district of Signal Hill-Quidi Vidi.

Question: What was Canada's  tenth province?
Answer: Newfoundland

Question: In what year did Newfoundland become a province?
Answer: 1949

Question: What is the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Where is the House of Assembly?
Answer: The Confederation Building

Question: Who has been the leader of the NDP since 2006?
Answer: Lorraine Michael