called a review of the times and various others the drift of the desire for knowledge is shown by the very large sale of s history of the nineteenth century and of a history of the war sixty years of queen reign being also much in demand these books and many others largely among the at once creating and expressing aspirations all present in some form or other that higher ideal which produced those greatly led by who political commercial and religious reform in rendering it memorable in chinese history as a year in which men showed that the welfare of their country was dearer to them than life itself a few instances taken at random show how the western is working large sums have been by the chinese for the object of teaching western languages and learning specially in the ports two wealthy chinese offered to raise dollars for the of the women s hospital in if dr the lady medical missionary would consent to teach western medicine to chinese girls a one of the of the china merchants co was so impressed by mr translation of s history of the nineteenth century that he bought a hundred copies and sent them to the leading in a gentleman visiting two years ago met effects of western literature with the c l s magazine i of the and was so impressed with its to china that he ordered two hundred copies and distributed them monthly in to those who had specially opposed foreigners and christianity these men in their turn ordered a complete set of the c l s books and read them for two years in order to be sure of their contents recently the literary of the province wrote to the c to the effect that china must reform and on the lines indicated in the society s and in the name of the governor and gentry of invited the chinese editor to become a professor in the college of the provincial capital the volume on agricultural has been very largely read early in e of and others raised � for an agricultural college and invited mr the author of the book an american missionary to be its head the in central china whose views on the use of i have previously quoted actually with the anti foreign in but by had been so profoundly influenced by the study of western literature that he sent a large to the c l s and has lately published a book in which he strongly the immediate of a modem system of education it is not alone among the older men that our literature is producing marked effects here and there but the literary students in considerable numbers are fired with the desire for western learning fifteen hundred applied for entrance to the new university of which the learned rev w martin author of a of is principal occasionally foreign literature produces almost grotesque effects a magistrate having read dr s civilization east and west was much impressed by the chapter on our western treatment of prisoners and at once set his own to work at spinning weaving and basket making to the intense amusement of the of the in i saw few if any indications of the awakening it was what are known as the tracts an infamous literature throughout the empire which christians of the crimes and the to them which have been the cause of several of the anti foreign l ow is western learning and christian teachers concluding remarks which undoubtedly exists a foreign traveller whether he speak chinese or not does not see below the surface and the province is far away from the in which the western is working most but in several places where i halted the sent to inquire if i had any foreign books is one of the most anti foreign of the provinces and it is that lately her governor has sent to the c l s for i dollars worth of western literature � i think that there is no doubt that the of western thought is working surely though slowly among the literary class and that the reform movement but not killed by the strong measures of the grew out of it two causes favour the spread of western literature first that the four hundred millions of the empire possess one written language and second that there are examination in china and that at each from to students the lawyers and leaders of the future a million in all are under examination every year our best literature and our christian literature supplied to these reaches the most influential homes in the country mr little the of steam on the upper and himself a chinese scholar strongly the supply of c l s literature to all these he considers that the mental revolution now proceeding and the reform movement are largely due to the influence of books and even says that in the circulation of western literature he sees the great hope for the open door that irresistible forces are beginning to drive china out of her conceit and seclusion is evident ten years ago there were only two or three papers in the besides the official to day there are over seventy and native is developing through the press the young china party � the creation of chinese schools and foreign influence chiefly in the ports � gives expression to those feelings of and discontent which its wider outlook on affairs produces through it the younger awakened to a new conception of patriotism by contact with western thought the ignorance and corruption of the and urge as a remedy the introduction of and political economy into the provincial the the old order changing not only founded a paper which was to engage the sympathies of the literary class in the work of progress and reform and to interest its readers in questions of and general importance but made its 