this house where must we go in order to see the ground under the house we must go down into the cellar is there ground under the and rivers do you suppose there is ground under the sea do you know how people can find out how deep the sea is i will tell you how they tie a heavy piece of lead upon the end of a long line and let it down till it touches the bottom then they know how deep the water is by the length of the line do you know what a mountain is a mountain is land that rises very high into the air did you ever see a mountain did you ever see a hill a mountain is like a hill only it is a great deal higher a mountain is very high indeed trees and forests grow all over its sides and the top is very often covered with snow the sides are so steep and rocky too and the way is so rough that it is often very difficult to get to the top would you like to see a picture of some mountains we will turn over the leaf and see one see how high the mountains are the tops of them are covered with do yon the white snow the dark places on tlie sides of the forests hut they are so off that we can not see the trees there are some trees near that we can see they very high trees but the mountains are a great deal higher why is the ground formed with and and because such a variety makes the country look more agree earth able and the water runs off in and rivers and plants grow better did you know that there were a great many different kinds of ground it is a fact that there are a great many different kinds what is clay it is a very fine kind of earth or ground that is very when it is wet and very hard when it is dry what is it good for bricks are made of it and and milk how do they make the bricks and the and the milk they shape them first in soft day and then bum them hard in a hot fire what are rocks and stones good for they are used to build houses with and bridges and walls why are stones better than wood for bridges and walls because they never will rot what is sand it is than clay and does not stick together when it is wet what is it made up of of very small hard like little stones and generally with sharp edges can we see these little in sand yes we can if we look very what is sand good for it is good to things with and it makes roads where is it found it is generally found very deep in the ground and in the of and rivers what good does it do in these places the water that comes down in the rain gets strained through it and so becomes clear in the wells and springs and if it were not strained in this way it would not be good to drink what color is sand it is of different colors � black white yellow gray and red what is gravel it is a very coarse kind of earth of stones the air and pebbles what is gravel good for it makes very hard walks and roads what other things that are useful are brought up out of the ground iron and salt and marble and lead and water and a great many other things what other things come up out of the ground all trees and grass and flowers ix the air is there any thing in this room besides the and the things which you can see yes it is of air where is the air in the room it fills the room above us and around us every where how do you know that there is air in the room when we walk fast or run about we can feel it against our faces swing your hand about fast can you feel it how does it fed why do we not always feel it when we walk about because it is so light and thin why do we not see it because it is so perfectly transparent is there air in the other rooms of the house is there air out of doors does the air from out of doors ever come into the house how it comes in through the windows and through the doors when they are open what is air called when it is moving it is called wind if it moves very fast it is a high wind does the air out of doors move is it ever perfectly still how the air s can yon tell that it ib moving i can see uttle of moving in it does it ever move very fast when it moves very slowly is it called wind � no not if it moves bo very slowly that we do not feel it we only call it wind when it moves so fast tliat we can feel it and when it makes the leaves wave on the trees is it always windy i oe the wind ever blow when it rains does it always blow when it rains does it ever blow when it is pleasant does it always blow when it is pleasant does the wind always blow when it is cold t it ever blow when it is warm do you think that the wind always blows the same way no indeed sometimes it blows in one way and sometimes in another way how can we tell which way the wind blows we can tell by which way the smoke goes a chimney or by a we can tell by 