scripture was less likely to run into than the friend he was also less quick to gain new and modern views of refusing to with man the conscience of the forefathers did not shrink from selling indians captured in war into slavery or from buying slaves who appeared to have come into bondage otherwise than by downright these nice distinctions could not be kept up and thousands of negro slaves were sold into new england without any question for conscience sake the scruple about human liberty with which the forefathers had come to this country had been swiftly forgotten some merchants of boston were engaged in the guinea trade of which however was the great before the writings of the lay and had appeared an influential but rather timid voice that of judge was heard opposing the of slaves to he had been led by the narrow spirit in which he was bred into grievous mistakes in the trials but he was an honest and even a scrupulous man fond of popular favor and shrinking from censure it t him a struggle no doubt to give to the press in his little tract against the slave trade entitled the selling of joseph its influence was probably not great land and labor in the early colonies so closed the century the progress in humanity had been very slight the number of bond servants was constantly increasing the black tide of african slavery was ever swelling no voice worthy of the name was yet heard in protest fine and recovery conveyance to uses lease and � all the forms that had been compelled to assume � survived together with the whole of science that had grown up round them once launched into existence the system of private and conveyance had a science and a to the estates created in law which made every title a matter of intimate personal history hence arose the necessity of requiring the most and knowledge of the old body oi law which had left behind it the land laws of england in systems of land p see the note on p of vol i on the alternate forbidding and of lawyers in virginia in the new g had things his own way and admitted in were in the act was made stronger in all acts against were and in a vote of total was taken the particular of the however were very similar to the present the and turf were the simplest method of livery and by the and turf did they give to the when were made to the church a was usually laid on the altar this occurred so frequently that it would be useless to instances in its support a tree growing on a soil was regarded as a part of it hence a branch of it served to g ve when king of gave lands to the church of york he took the horn wherein he was wont to drink and filling it with wine before the altar and deposited it as a symbol of possession in the time of chap vi note i page note a page note page o the of civilization chap vi note page note s page note page note page henry iii william earl of and on a grant made by him to the of st delivered by the hair of his head law of note see the article on horns in s old church lore in some parts of england and ireland are by the custom of some conveyed by a bit of rush straw or hay i have this by report as to ireland and in the present day see also the custom of in on private property in a strip in a common field came in only when fields become permanently north common lands were cultivated one or two years and then left to pasture in the latter part of the century s rural economy new england had land in considerable quantities every year at first land was still allotted thus in england in some places it ought to be remarked here that island was first organized into towns and for a long time was a of independent towns from the vices of that system the state has not yet recovered first assembly of island on account of its was for a long time independent and was built in a s in s manuscript i have seen an account of a town built in a circle about the church mr calls attention to the animated scene in the common fields at the time of planting as described by in the a field full of i there of manner of men the and the and as the world � text b mr in his humour etc of the century gives this a lord that for his more to compass in a common with a was reckoning with his friend about the cost and charge of every and every post but he that his greedy humor said sir provide you posts and without your neighbours round about will find you land and labor in the early colonies and this other there be many rich men both and that for their private hurt a whole country by free yet make as though for common good but i know what i know a penny an acre was the result of knight s fee system as shown by very p towns paid as a whole in new york state there is never any separation of a town into in any state the town the land pays taxes etc and smith s laws of new york vol ii in the and ceremonies of new of and it is provided t hat the lots shall be of certain sizes excepting cities towns and the near lots of by towns were becoming common and the regular laying out of land rules for building each street in and quantities of ground for each house 