of which probably from small and casual gradually the whole table land embracing beside that of the the broad valley of the po and the intervals of its many which rushing down from the of the mi the west and the north are conducted so as to refresh and the whole plain and finding their way ultimately to the po are thence drawn again by new to render like to the lower flatter intervals of and the northern states no where can be found a region capable of supporting a larger population to the square mile than american has just two arts to learn from � and tree planting nearly all our great might be immensely to the profit of their even where the vicinity of mountains or other high grounds did not afford the facility here taken advantage of i am confident that many plains as well as valleys might be led by lifting water to the requisite f s a q x through little or as here where a head of water may be obtained to supply the requisite power the cost need not be considerable after the first but even though steam power should be requisite in connection with the admirable machinery of our day would pay liberally in thousands of cases such easily as those of new and long island would yield at least double their present product if thoroughly from the streams and in their vicinity water itself is of course essential to the growth of every plant but the benefits of reach far beyond this of the so laboriously and necessarily applied to lands at least three times as great a proportion is carried off in running water as is absorbed and exhausted by the crops grown by their aid so that if simply returned to the land as much as the rains carry off it would with decent increase in from year to year the valley of the is one example among many of what especially from rivers at t highest stage will do for the soil in defiance of the most ignorant and cultivation such streams as the the and most of the new rivers upon the ocean an amount of matter adequate to the comfortable of thousands by calculation association science labor most of this may be saved one hundred thousand of the poor arriving on our shores ought to be employed for years in new alone in the construction of c adequate to the complete of all the level or sloping lands in that state farms are cheaper there to day than in for who can pay for and know how to use them long island can be rendered eminently fertile and productive by and thorough otherwise i that e ct t � at � much of slopes very considerably toward the po so that the water in the larger or is often used to run mills and supply other mechanical power it might be used also for if existed here and nearly every farmer might have a power or so at command for domestic uses if he chose we passed yesterday the completely dry beds of what seemed to be small rivers their water having been entirely drawn away into the on either side while on either hand there were mills busily at work had been for hundreds of years grinding by water power where no stream naturally existed if i mistake not there are many such in this city and in nearly all the cities and villages of if our farmers would only investigate this matter of as thoroughly as its importance deserves they would find that they have neglected mines of wealth all around them more extensive and far more than those of one man alone may not always be able to his farm except at too great a cost but let the subject be commended to general attention and the expense would be vastly diminished ten thousand farms together embracing a whole may often be for less than the cost of supplying a hundred of them separately i trust our agricultural papers will this improvement as to tree planting there can be no excuse for it for no man needs his neighbor s to render it economical or we in america have been destroying trees quite long enough it is high time that we began to them there is scarcely a farm of fifty acres or over in any but the very states that might not be increased in value by expended in tree planting and a little care to protect the young trees from premature destruction all road sides steep hill sides and rocky places should be planted with oak ml pine � at once and many a farm would after a few years yield worth of timber without from the crops otherwise depended on by planting or some other fast growing tree alternately with oak c the former would be ready for use or sale by the time the latter needed the whole ground utility beauty comfort profit all combine to urge immediate and extensive tree planting shall it not be commenced here in there is absolutely no farm however all without its rows of cherry c its roads c and its fields in all directions the vine is very generally trained on a low tree like one of our or small cherry trees so that viewed at a distance or a point near the ground the country would seem one vast forest with an mainly of wheat and indian corn potatoes c are grown but none of them nor is much of the soil devoted to grass there are no forests properly so called but a few rocky hill which occur at intervals mainly about half way from to are covered with which would probably grow to trees if permitted wheat and all summer are very good so is the grass so the indian corn will be where it is not prevented by 