 tim why would spam be likely to end up with two instances of return path in the headers greg ward possibly another qmail ism from bruce guenter s spam collection doesn t seem likely as it appeared in about NUMBER of about NUMBER NUMBER spams it could be specific to one of his bait addresses though don t know a nice thing about a statistical inferencer is that you really don t have to know why a thing works just whether it works wink or maybe anthony s right about spammers being stupid and blindly copying headers well of course he s right about spammers being stupid it s just this particular aspect of stupidity that s open to question i m going to blow it off it s just another instance of being pointlessly baffled by a mixed corpus half of which i don t know enough about 