Skyrim:Restoration

Restoration is one of the five schools of magic in Skyrim. Restoration magic focuses on spells that cure physical ailments. Increasing this skill reduces Magicka cost when casting Restoration spells. Historical information about the School of Restoration is provided in the lore article. The Restoration skill tree has a total of 12 perks, requiring a total of 13 perk points to fill.

In-game Description: The School of Restoration involves control over life forces.  This skill makes it easier to cast spells like Healing, Turn Undead, and magical Wards.

Summary
Restoration offers a range of healing and protection spells and perks, in particular;
Healing spells restore Health (and also Stamina if the Respite perk is taken) for yourself and other characters.
Ward spells provide armor protection and magic negation. These can be powerful spells, and are particularly effective against dragon breath attacks. Many mages will often adventure with a Ward equipped in one hand and a Destruction spell in the other. However, wards are very magicka-intensive and cannot be sustained for long periods unless you reduce their cost.
Turn Undead and Protection from Undead spells cause undead targets to flee from the caster. The Necromage perk increases the power of all spells aimed at undead.
Two perks give faster Magicka regeneration, potentially very helpful for mage characters who use a lot of Magicka.

In addition, Restoration also includes the only direct damage spells outside the school of Destruction 

Sun Damage  spells only deal damage to undead.
Poison Rune  is the only player-available spell that deals poison damage, but must be triggered and only affects living enemies.

Skill Perks
  
 

Spells
 

Spell List Notes
 

Magical Effects
The following individual effects are all considered to be part of the school of Restoration (see the individual effect pages for full details on availability; the Magical Effects article also provides a summary):
 Cure Disease
 Cure Poison
 Fortified Combat Healing 
 Fortify Attributes
 Fortify Health
 Fortify Magicka
 Fortify Skill
 Fortify Spells (unique to Saarthal Amulet)
 Fortify Stamina
 Regenerate Health
 Regenerate Magicka
 Regenerate Stamina
 Restore Health
 Restore Health to Undead 
 Restore Magicka
 Restore Stamina
 Turn Undead
 Ward 
 Sun Damage 

Skill Increases
Character Creation
The following races have an initial skill bonus to Restoration:
+10 bonus: Imperial
+5 bonus: Altmer, Argonian, Breton

Trainers
Aphia Velothi  in Raven Rock (Common)
Keeper Carcette in the Hall of the Vigilant (Expert)
Colette Marence in the College of Winterhold (Expert)
Danica Pure-Spring in Whiterun (Master)
Florentius Baenius  in Fort Dawnguard (Master)

Skill Books
''2920, Rain's Hand, v4
The Exodus
Mystery of Talara, v 2
Racial Phylogeny
Withershins''

Free Skill Boosts
+1 Restoration reward (+1 every magic skill) from Pantea Ateia (Bards College) for completing the quest Pantea's Flute.
+5 to Restoration (+5 every magic skill) by selecting "The Path of Magic" when reading the Oghma Infinium after completing the quest Discerning the Transmundane.

Gaining Skill XP
Casting higher level spells gives generally faster skill increases (Novice<Apprentice<Adept<Expert<Master).
It is possible to reduce or even completely eliminate the magicka cost of spells by stacking Fortify Restoration enchanting effects, potentially allowing continuous casting. The Secret of Arcana  power does the same thing, but only for 30 seconds.
Casting a ward spell in short 1 second bursts while in combat will quickly level Restoration while below 65 Restoration. The top of the burial mound located near the Apprentice Stone offers an excellent location to cast wards and remain out of melee range of the crabs inhabiting the burial mound.
Use the  Staff of Revenants to reanimate the dead conjurer in the same location to repeatedly cast any repel/turn undead spell. Allowing the conjurer to recover from the stagger effects before recasting will prevent them from running away.
Restoration leveling by healing requires that you heal actual damage to yourself or another character; unlike previous games you cannot simply cast Healing on yourself and others to gain experience. There are countless ways to harm yourself and then cast a healing spell to gain experience. The key to all of them is to find a way to level the skill by harming and healing yourself.
Traps that can be activated repeatedly allow you to take controlled damage. Simply move away when you're running low on magicka and wait to regenerate.
Alternatively, you may instead opt for a follower to be continually harmed by traps while using either Healing Hands or Heal Other to continually heal them. You can also deal some damage to them yourself, allowing you to level offensive skills such as Archery, One-handed, Two-handed or Destruction. Werewolves in dungeon cells, and the four torture victims in the Dawnstar Sanctuary are examples of available targets.
Outside High Hrothgar, in the backyard, there is a place where a magical wind blows and deals damage while standing near it.
Twilight Sepulcher has a section that contains damaging light, which can be used to inflict controlled damage on yourself. Several sections of Apocrypha  contain damaging darkness that can be used in the same manner.
Casting a healing spell while in the path of the light beam in Kilkreath Ruins under the Statue to Meridia, while having the Atronach perk or The Atronach Stone effect (30% and 50% absorb spells, respectively) will give you XP in Restoration without using magicka or risking your life, as the light beam does little damage and restores a lot of magicka.
Forges other than the Skyforge have a "Fire Hazard" effect that triggers whenever you jump into them. This effect can be triggered over and over again by simply jumping up and down in the forge. It does a small amount of damage over time and so can be easily controlled. It also counts as you casting a very weak Destruction spell on yourself, meaning you gain a little Destruction skill XP every time the damage effect is triggered. Although a tad trickier, if one turns on walk mode or sneaking (or both to move even slower) and steps in and out of the fire affect's trigger zone, they can trigger the damage effect much faster than jumping.
Letting weak enemies strike you while you only heal yourself allows you to take controlled damage while leveling Restoration, and will level defensive skills such as Light Armor, Heavy Armor or Block at the same time.
A useful trick for harming yourself is to cast Equilibrium, which drains your health and restores your magicka.
Once you have completed the quest Lost to the Ages , the lava behind the Aetherium Forge inside the Ruins of Bthalft inflicts heavy damage (as much as 165/s with no fire resistance), allowing you to use high level healing spells to gain XP quickly.
During the quest Chasing Echoes, provided you are not a vampire, the portal to the Soul Cairn will continually leech health away from you before you become partially soul trapped. Standing in the portal and healing yourself can quickly level your Restoration.
Similarly, the Ideal Master Crystals will provide a constant drain health effect until you reach 25% of your maximum health. Leaving and re-entering the area of effect will cause it to re-activate, making them a safe way to lose and heal large amounts of health.
After completing a number of Civil War quests, you can go to the opposite factions headquarters (the Blue Palace or Palace of the Kings), and cast Fury into the middle of the deposed leaders and their followers. This will start an all out brawl with numerous essential NPCs doing damage to each other and opening opportunities to stay neutral as you boost your Restoration Skill with spells Heal Other.
Circle of Protection and Guardian Circle can be cast at any time after they are acquired for skill experience, though they only appear at skill level 65 and 90, respectively.
If you're a vampire, Circle of Protection gives more experience, because there's always an undead creature (you) inside it. This has no ill effects on you, and works even if you're over level 20.  
An alternate method of the Circle of Protection trick for non-vampire players is to acquire an undead thrall (vampire, draugr, etc) and then cast Circle of Protection in range of it.
Siding with the Volkihar vampires in the Dawnguard questline allows you to repeatedly cast Turn Undead on death hounds without turning them hostile or causing them to run. 
Use the cheapest Conjure undead spell you have (Dragon Priest in the base game, or Boneman with Dawnguard), and repeatedly use Turn Undead spells on your conjured undead.
With the Silent Casting perk activated, you can remain hidden while repeatedly casting Turn Undead spells on undead opponents.
Arcwind Point has up to 10 skeletons that can be attacked with Turn Undead at the same time. At higher level of Restoration skill, the Repel Lesser Undead spell is even more effective, since it is an area effect spell. Each skeleton hit by the spell will provide skill XP. The player can stand on the path as the skeletons come forward in batches and level rapidly.

Necromage

Necromage essentially confers a 25% strength increase and 50% duration increase to all spells against undead. This effect applies to weapon enchantments as well.

Becoming a vampire will flag your character as undead and thus certain spells, shouts and enchantments will increase in potency. Negative effects will also be affected, of course, such as Weakness to Fire. Some perks are also affected if chosen after obtaining the Necromage perk.

Affected Spells and Perks

All enchantments placed on clothing/armor increase by 25% in magnitude. This can be increased by an additional 25% by equipping the Bloodworm Helm.

Dead Thrall: Increase the maximum level deceased vampire targets can be raised past 50.
The Ritual Stone: Increase the maximum level deceased targets can be raised past 75.
Atronach: Increase spell absorption chance from 30% to 37.5%.
Snakeblood: Increase poison resistance from 50% to 62.5%
This effect is redundant so long as the character has vampirism, but the potency of the perk will remain if the character is cured of vampirism.
Dual Flurry: Increase overall speed by 25%.
Extra Pockets: Increase carry weight a further 25%.
Fists of Steel: 25% more damage per armor rate.
Magic Resistance: Increase magic resistance by 25%.
Power Shot: Increase stagger by 25%
Steady Hand: Time moves 25% slower.
Quick Shot: Increase overall speed by 25%.
Recovery: Increase magicka regeneration by 25%.
Wind Walker: Increase stamina regeneration by 25%.
The Atronach Stone: Increase spell absorption from 50% to 62.5% 
Shielding spells (For example, Ebonyflesh - without alteration perks - provides 125 armor instead of 100, and lasts for 90 seconds instead of 60).
This effect is multiplicative when combined with the Mage Armor perk (For example, the 125 armor from Ebonyflesh would become 250 at the first level of the Mage Armor perk); the extended duration also stacks with Alteration perk Stability (additional 50% duration for a total of 120 seconds). Affects Dragonhide duration stacking with Stability, but armor provided unaffected.
Muffle: Increase duration by 50%.
Invisibility: Increase duration by 50%.
The Steed Stone: Increase carry weight by +25, though the description still says +100.
The Lord Stone: Increase armor resistance from 50–62, and increase magic resistance from 25% to 31.25%.
Dragonskin: Increase absorption to 62% and duration to 90 seconds.

Notes
Restoration Dual Casting does not boost the level of a Turn Undead spell, unlike the equivalent Illusion spells. Circle of Protection is an exception to this rule, as both its magnitude and duration are increased by Dual-Casting.
Turn Undead spells will stagger an undead target, even if the target is too high of level to be affected by the fear effect.
Turn Undead spells also have a slightly longer charging time than other non-ritual spells.
Necromage boosts the power of Turn Undead spells by about 25%. It also offers increased effects for all spells when cast on undead, such as increased damage to Destruction Spells and staves when used against undead (Draugr, Vampire, and Dragon Priest) targets.  Notably, it also increases the level cap of all Reanimate spells cast on undead allowing the player to raise the most powerful minions (like Volkihar Vampire, lvl 48) using the Dead Thrall spell. Can be boosted to lvl 60 with Bone Wolf.
Respites Stamina restoration is based on the spell being used. The Regeneration perk will improve its effects along with Health restoration.
 
Despite it being their namesake, the necromancers known as "Necromages" do not actually possess the Necromage perk.
Ward Absorb returns 25% of the cost of the original spell.

Bugs