---
license: eupl-1.1
language:
- nl
---
# NFI Fireworks training dataset for the "Vuurwerkverkenner" application

The Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) Fireworks training dataset consists of scans of fireworks wrappers from fireworks that were investigated in casework in 
the Netherlands between 2010 and early 2024. For a subset of these wrappers, photographs of fireworks snippets (pieces of the wrapper after the detonation) were added.

## Data overview

The data consists of 331 wrappers in 184 categories. There are 37 categories with more than one wrapper, and snippets are available for 38 wrapper categories.

### Data collection

For the fireworks wrappers, all wrappers physically available at the NFI Explosives team from casework between 2010-2024 were scanned. 

For the collection of the fireworks snippets, fireworks were exploded and snippets that resulted were gathered by hand. Snippets were cleaned, dried and sorted by wrapper. 
Snippets were then photographed on a white background. One snippet photo contains multiple snippets.

Sampling was done based on availability of fireworks in the data collection period. To diversify and increase the dataset, additional wrappers were chosen to print and glue 
to Cobra 6 fireworks. This selection was done in collaboration with domain experts. 

## Data structure

Each folder (e.g. fireworks_0) is a firework category. Firework types have been grouped if wrappers were the same or very similar. For instance, variants of the same fireworks 
from different years, such as a Cobra 6 from 2018 and 2019, were considered very similar. Wrappers were categorised in collaboration with domain experts.

Each folder contains at least one wrapper. Additionally, a folder can contain multiple snippet photos (snippets_0.jpg, snippets_1.jpg etc.) if they were available for that wrapper category.

The data structure visualised: 

```
└───  fireworks_0
     └───wrapper_0.jpg
     └───wrapper_1.jpg
     └───wrapper_2.jpg
     └───snippets_0.jpg
     └───snippets_1.jpg
└───  fireworks_1
     └─── wrapper_0.jpg
└───  fireworks_2
     └─── wrapper_0.jpg
     └─── wrapper_1.jpg
└───  fireworks_2
     └─── wrapper_0.jpg
     └─── snippets_0.jpg
```
 
## Firework wrappers 

Wrappers have been scanned and the images have been reduced in size to a maximum of 2000 pixels in either height or width.

### Categorisation

Categories with more than one wrapper:

| Category        | Number of wrappers |
| --------------- | ------------------ |
| fireworks_2     | 2                  |
| fireworks_6     | 2                  |
| fireworks_12    | 3                  |
| fireworks_13    | 2                  |
| fireworks_17    | 2                  |
| fireworks_24    | 2                  |
| fireworks_25    | 2                  |
| fireworks_30    | 3                  |
| fireworks_32    | 2                  |
| fireworks_33    | 2                  |
| fireworks_37    | 3                  |
| fireworks_46    | 3                  |
| fireworks_51    | 5                  |
| fireworks_53    | 2                  |
| fireworks_56    | 3                  |
| fireworks_59    | 3                  |
| fireworks_61    | 58                 |
| fireworks_62    | 9                  |
| fireworks_63    | 2                  |
| fireworks_64    | 3                  |
| fireworks_74    | 2                  |
| fireworks_78    | 3                  |
| fireworks_82    | 4                  |
| fireworks_92    | 2                  |
| fireworks_97    | 2                  |
| fireworks_111   | 2                  |
| fireworks_117   | 2                  |
| fireworks_135   | 2                  |
| fireworks_139   | 4                  |
| fireworks_144   | 8                  |
| fireworks_145   | 11                 |
| fireworks_151   | 12                 |
| fireworks_153   | 4                  |
| fireworks_154   | 4                  |
| fireworks_158   | 3                  |
| fireworks_166   | 2                  |
| fireworks_179   | 4                  |


Categories with snippet collections:

| Category        | Number of snippet collections  |
| --------------- | ------------------------------ |
| fireworks_8     | 3                              |
| fireworks_12    | 4                              |
| fireworks_17    | 6                              |
| fireworks_30    | 1                              |
| fireworks_37    | 1                              |
| fireworks_38    | 3                              |
| fireworks_47    | 1                              |
| fireworks_54    | 6                              |
| fireworks_58    | 5                              |
| fireworks_59    | 6                              |
| fireworks_61    | 14                             |
| fireworks_62    | 1                              |
| fireworks_71    | 3                              |
| fireworks_75    | 2                              |
| fireworks_82    | 2                              |
| fireworks_86    | 6                              |
| fireworks_87    | 2                              |
| fireworks_95    | 1                              |
| fireworks_97    | 2                              |
| fireworks_105   | 1                              |
| fireworks_106   | 1                              |
| fireworks_116   | 4                              |
| fireworks_119   | 1                              |
| fireworks_129   | 1                              |
| fireworks_137   | 1                              |
| fireworks_139   | 5                              |
| fireworks_144   | 5                              |
| fireworks_145   | 16                             |
| fireworks_148   | 2                              |
| fireworks_153   | 11                             |
| fireworks_154   | 2                              |
| fireworks_158   | 3                              |
| fireworks_160   | 1                              |
| fireworks_169   | 3                              |
| fireworks_174   | 1                              |
| fireworks_176   | 2                              |
| fireworks_179   | 1                              |
| fireworks_182   | 3                              |



## Training

The steps followed at the NFI to actually train the model with these data, are described in the model card of the Vuurwerkverkenner at https://huggingface.co/NetherlandsForensicInstitute/vuurwerkverkenner (also linked to this data set).


### Possible bias

The reference set of firework wrappers is dependent on which fireworks were investigated by the NFI. 
This may not be representative for fireworks in other countries or in the future. 

Data collection of snippets was influenced by the availability of fireworks. Due to low availability, some snippets are the result of 
wrappers glued to Cobra 6 fireworks instead of the original fireworks. We noticed that these wrappers tended to detach more easily than wrappers on 
original firework. This may have influenced the snippet creation.

Very small snippets were not included in our dataset.