Comprehensive Torture Victims Relief Act

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Comprehensive Torture Victims Relief 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The American people abhor torture by repressive 
        governments and other parties. The existence of torture creates 
        a climate of fear and international insecurity that affects all 
        people.
            (2) Torture is the strategic use of pain to destroy both 
        individuals and society. The effects of torture are long term. 
        Those effects can last a lifetime for the survivors and affect 
        future generations.
            (3) By eliminating leadership of their opposition and 
        frightening the general public, repressive governments use 
        torture as a weapon against democracy.
            (4) Torture victims remain under physical and psychological 
        threats, especially in communities where the perpetrators are 
        not brought to justice. In many nations, even those who treat 
        torture victims are threatened with reprisals, including 
        torture, for carrying out their ethical duties to provide care. 
        Both the survivors of torture and their treatment providers 
        deserve, and often require, protection from further repression.
            (5) A significant number of refugees and asylees entering 
        the United States have been victims of governmental torture. 
        Those claiming asylum deserve prompt consideration of their 
        applications for political asylum to minimize their insecurity 
        and sense of danger. Many torture survivors now live in the 
        United States. They should be provided with the rehabilitation 
        services which would enable them to become productive members 
        of our communities.
            (6) The development of a treatment movement for torture 
        survivors has created new opportunities for action by the 
        United States and other nations to oppose state-sponsored and 
        other acts of torture.
            (7) There is a need for a comprehensive strategy to protect 
        and support torture victims and their treatment providers 
        together with overall efforts to eliminate torture.
            (8) By acting to heal the survivors of torture and protect 
        their families, the United States can help to heal the effects 
        of torture and prevent its use around the world.
            (9) The United States has ratified the Convention Against 
        Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or 
        Punishment, but has not implemented all provisions of the 
        convention.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act:
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided, the terms 
        used in this Act have the meaning given such terms in section 
        101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act.
            (2) Torture.--The term ``torture'' has the meaning given 
        such term in section 2340(1) of title 18, United States Code, 
        and includes the use of rape and other forms of sexual violence 
        by a person acting under the color of law upon another person 
        under his custody or physical control.
SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON INVOLUNTARY RETURN OF PERSONS FEARING SUBJECTION 
              TO TORTURE.

    (a) Prohibition.--The United States shall not expel, extradite, or 
return involuntarily an individual to a country if there is substantial 
evidence of circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to 
believe that the individual would fear subjection to torture.
    (b) Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term ``to return 
involuntarily'', in the case of an individual in any locale, means the 
following:
            (1) To return the individual without the individual's 
        consent, whether or not the return is induced by physical 
        force.
            (2) To take an action by which it is reasonably foreseeable 
        that the individual will be returned, whether or not the return 
        is induced by physical force.
SEC. 5. IMMIGRATION PROCEDURES FOR TORTURE VICTIMS.

    (a) In General.--Any alien--
            (1) who presents a credible claim of having been subjected 
        to torture in the alien's country of nationality, or, in the 
        case of an alien having no nationality, the country in which 
        the alien last habitually resided, and
            (2) who applies for--
                    (A) refugee status under section 207 of the 
                Immigration and Nationality Act,
                    (B) asylum under section 208 of that Act, or
                    (C) withholding of deportation under section 243(h) 
                of that Act,
shall be processed in accordance with this section.
    (b) Consideration of the Effects of Torture.--In considering 
applications for refugee status, asylum, or withholding of deportation 
made by aliens described in subsection (a), the appropriate officials 
shall take into account--
            (1) the manner in which the effects of torture can affect 
        the applicant's responses in the application and in the 
        interview process or other immigration proceedings, as the case 
        may be;
            (2) the difficulties torture victims often have in 
        recounting their suffering under torture; and
            (3) the fear victims have of returning to their country of 
        nationality where, even if torture is no longer practiced or 
        the incidence of torture is reduced, their torturers may have 
        gone unpunished and may remain in positions of authority.
    (c) Expedited Processing of Refugee Admissions.--For purposes of 
section 207(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, a refugee who 
presents a credible claim of having been subjected to torture shall be 
considered to be a refugee of special humanitarian concern to the 
United States and shall be accorded priority in selection from the 
waiting list of such refugees based on compelling humanitarian 
concerns.
    (d) Expedited Processing for Asylum and Withholding of 
Deportation.--Upon the request of the alien, the alien's counsel, or a 
health care professional treating the alien, an asylum officer or 
special inquiry officer may expedite the scheduling of an asylum 
interview or an exclusion or deportation proceeding for an alien 
described in subsection (a), if such officer determines that an undue 
delay in making a determination regarding asylum or withholding of 
deportation with respect to the alien would aggravate the physical or 
psychological effects of torture upon the alien.
    (e) Parole in Lieu of Detention.--The finding, upon inspection at a 
port of entry of the United States, that an alien described in 
subsection (a) suffers from the effects of torture, such as depressive 
and anxiety disorders, shall be a strong presumptive basis for a grant 
of parole, under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act, in lieu of detention.
    (f) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Attorney General shall allocate resources sufficient to maintain in the 
Resource Information Center of the Immigration and Naturalization 
Service information relating to the use of torture in foreign 
countries.

SEC. 6. SPECIALIZED TRAINING FOR CONSULAR, IMMIGRATION, AND ASYLUM 
              PERSONNEL.

    (a) In General.--The Attorney General shall provide training for 
immigration inspectors and examiners, immigration officers, asylum 
officers, special inquiry officers, and all other relevant officials of 
the Department of Justice, and the Secretary of State shall provide 
training for consular officers, with respect to--
            (1) the identification of the evidence of torture;
            (2) the identification of the surrounding circumstances in 
        which torture is practiced;
            (3) the long-term effects of torture upon the person;
            (4) the identification of the physical, cognitive, and 
        emotional effects of torture, including depressive and anxiety 
        disorders, and the manner in which these effects can affect the 
        interview or hearing process; and
            (5) the manner of interviewing victims of torture so as not 
        to retraumatize them, eliciting the necessary information to 
        document the torture experience, and understanding the 
        difficulties victims often have in recounting their torture 
        experience.
    (b) Gender-Related Considerations.--In conducting training under 
subsection (a)(4) or subsection (a)(5), gender specific training shall 
be provided on the subject of interacting with women and men who are 
victims of torture by rape or any other form of sexual violence.

SEC. 7. STUDY AND REPORT ON TORTURE VICTIMS IN THE UNITED STATES.

    (a) Study.--The National Institutes of Health shall conduct a study 
with respect to refugees and asylees admitted to the United States 
since October 1, 1987, who were tortured abroad, for the purpose of 
identifying--
            (1) the estimated number and geographic distribution of 
        such persons;
            (2) the needs of such persons for recovery services; and
            (3) the availability of such services.
    (b) Report.--Not later than December 31, 1997, the National 
Institutes of Health shall submit a report to the Judiciary Committees 
of the House of Representatives and the Senate setting forth the 
findings of the study conducted under subsection (a), together with any 
recommendation for increasing the services available to persons 
described in subsection (a), including any recommendation for 
legislation, if necessary.

SEC. 8. DOMESTIC TREATMENT CENTERS.

    (a) Amendment of the Immigration and Nationality Act.--Section 412 
of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1522) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(g) Assistance for Treatment of Torture Victims.--(1) The 
Secretary may provide grants to programs in the United States to cover 
the cost of the following services:
            ``(A) Services for the rehabilitation of victims of 
        torture, including treatment of the physical and psychological 
        effects of torture.
            ``(B) Social services for victims of torture.
            ``(C) Research and training for health care providers 
        outside of treatment centers or programs for the purpose of 
        enabling such providers to provide the services described in 
        subparagraph (A).
    ``(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term `torture' has the 
meaning given to such term in section 3 of the Comprehensive Torture 
Victims Relief Act.''.
    (b) Funding.--Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Health and Human Services for fiscal year 1996, there is 
authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry 
out section 412(g) of that Act (relating to assistance for domestic 
centers and programs for the treatment of victims of torture), as added 
by subsection (a). Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection 
shall remain available until expended.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on October 1, 1995.

SEC. 9. FOREIGN TREATMENT CENTERS.

    (a) Amendments of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Part I of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by adding at the end of 
chapter 1 the following new section:
    ``Sec. 129. Assistance for Victims of Torture.--(a) The President 
is authorized to provide assistance for the rehabilitation of victims 
of torture.
    ``(b) Such assistance shall be provided in the form of grants to 
treatment centers and programs in foreign countries which are carrying 
out projects or activities specifically designed to treat victims of 
torture for the physical and psychological effect of the torture.
    ``(c) Such assistance shall be available--
            ``(1) for direct services to victims of torture; and
            ``(2) to provide research and training to health care 
        providers outside of treatment centers or programs for the 
        purpose of enabling such providers to provide the services 
        described in paragraph (1).
    ``(d) For purposes of this section, the term `torture' has the 
meaning given such term in section 3 of the Comprehensive Torture 
Victims Relief Act.''.
    (b) Funding.--Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated in 
fiscal years 1996 and 1997 pursuant to chapter 1 of part I and chapter 
4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and pursuant to 
section 31 of the Arms Export Control Act, there is authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out section 129 of 
the Foreign Assistance Act, as added by subsection (a). Amounts 
appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available until 
expended.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on October 1, 1995.

SEC. 10. MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Funding.--Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated in 
fiscal years 1996 and 1997 pursuant to chapter 1 of part I and chapter 
4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and pursuant to 
section 31 of the Arms Export Control Act, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of 
Torture (in this section referred to as the ``Fund'') the following 
amounts for the following fiscal years:
            (1) For fiscal year 1996, $4,000,000.
            (2) For fiscal year 1997, $5,000,000.
    (b) Availability of Funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall remain available until expended.
    (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that the 
President, acting through the United States Permanent Representative to 
the United Nations, should--
            (1) request the Fund--
                    (A) to find new ways to support and protect 
                treatment centers and programs that are carrying out 
                rehabilitative services for victims of torture; and
                    (B) to encourage the development of new such 
                centers and programs;
            (2) use the voice and vote of the United States to support 
        the work of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and the Committee 
        Against Torture established under the Convention Against 
        Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or 
        Punishment; and
            (3) use the voice and vote of the United States to 
        establish a country rapporteur or similar procedural mechanism 
        to investigate human rights violations in a country if either 
        the Special Rapporteur or the Committee Against Torture 
        indicates that a systematic practice of torture is prevalent in 
        that country.

Summary: Comprehensive Torture Victims Relief Act - Prohibits the US Government from expelling, extraditing, or involuntarily returning an individual to a country if there is substantial evidence that the individual would fear subjection to torture. Allows any alien presenting a credible claim of having been tortured in the alien's country of nationality and who applies for refugee status, asylum, or withholding of deportation under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) to be processed in accordance with this Act. Sets forth provisions regarding: (1) consideration by appropriate officials of the effects of torture. (2) expedited processing of refugee admissions and for asylum and withholding of deportation. And (3) parole in lieu of detention. Directs the Attorney General, other officials of the Department of Justice, and the Secretary of State to provide training for immigration officials and consular officers regarding the identification of evidence of torture, the circumstances surrounding torture, the long-term effects and the physical, cognitive, and emotional effects of torture, and the appropriate manner of interviewing torture victims. Directs the National Institutes of Health to study and report to specified congressional committees with respect to the estimated number and geographic distribution, needs, and availability of services of refugees and asylum-seekers admitted to the United States since October 1, 1987, who were tortured abroad. Amends the INA to authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services to provide grants to programs in the United States to cover the cost of specified services for torture victims. Authorizes the appropriation of funds to assist domestic centers and programs for the treatment of torture victims. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to provide grants to treatment centers and programs in foreign countries which are specifically carrying out projects or activities to treat victims of torture. Authorizes appropriations. Authorizes appropriations to the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture for FY 1996 through 1997.