ERISA Modernization Act of 2000

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``ERISA Modernization Act of 2000''.

SEC. 2. PROHIBITED TRANSACTION EXEMPTION FOR ARM'S LENGTH TRANSACTIONS.

    (a) Amendments to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 
1974.--
            (1) In general.--Section 408(b) of the Employee Retirement 
        Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1108(b)) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(14) Any transaction of the type described in 
        subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of section 406(a)(1) or in 
        406(b) (other than a transaction described in paragraph (15)) 
        which meets the arm's length transaction requirements of 
        subsection (g).
            (2) Arm's length transaction requirements.--Section 408 of 
        such Act is amended further by adding at the end the following 
        new subsection:
    ``(g)(1) The arm's length transaction requirements of this 
subsection are met by a transaction described in subparagraph (A), (B), 
(C), or (D) of section 406(a)(1) if--
            ``(A) such transaction is entered into pursuant to a 
        written contract or arrangement which includes the material 
        terms and conditions of such transaction or transactions of the 
        type of such transaction,
            ``(B) such transaction is in the interest of the plan and 
        its participants and beneficiaries, and
            ``(C) the terms and conditions of such transaction, 
        including any direct or indirect compensation, are at least as 
        favorable to the plan as an arm's length transaction would be.
    ``(2) The arm's length transaction requirements of this subsection 
are met by a transaction described in section 406(b) if--
            ``(A) such transaction meets the requirements of paragraph 
        (1), and
            ``(B) prior to the commencement of such transaction--
                    ``(i) written disclosure of potential conflicts of 
                interest associated with the transaction (or 
                contemplated transactions of the type thereof), 
                including the receipt of direct or indirect 
                compensation, has been provided to a fiduciary of the 
                plan, and
                    ``(ii) the transaction (or contemplated 
                transactions of the type thereof) have been provided 
                for in the terms of the plan or of a written contract 
                with a fiduciary described in clause (i) that is 
                independent of the person entering into the transaction 
                and any of its affiliates.
            ``(3) In any case in which a fiduciary causes a plan to 
        enter into a transaction with such fiduciary or an affiliate 
        thereof, the arm's length transaction requirements of this 
        subsection are met only if--
                    ``(A) such transaction meets the requirements of 
                paragraphs (1) and (2),
                    ``(B) such fiduciary or affiliate is engaged in the 
                business of entering into transactions of such type 
                with the general public, and
                    ``(C) such transaction is entered into under 
                substantially the same terms and conditions as those 
                under which such transactions with the general public 
                are entered into.''.
    (b) Amendments to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.--
            (1) In general.--Subsection (d) of section 4975 of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to exemptions from tax 
        on prohibited transactions) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (14), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (15), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(16) Any transaction of the type described in subsection 
        (c)(1) (other than a transaction described in paragraph (17)) 
        which meets the arm's length transaction requirements of 
        subsection (f)(7).''.
            (2) Arm's length transaction requirements.--Subsection (f) 
        of such section 4975 (relating to other definitions and special 
        rules) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
        paragraph:
            ``(7) Arm's length transaction requirements.--
                    ``(A) Transactions with disqualified persons.--The 
                arm's length transaction requirements of this 
                subsection are met by a transaction described in 
                subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (c)(1) 
                if--
                            ``(i) such transaction is entered into 
                        pursuant to a written contract or arrangement 
                        which includes the material terms and 
                        conditions of such transaction or transactions 
                        of the type of such transaction,
                            ``(ii) such transaction is in the interest 
                        of the plan and its participants and 
                        beneficiaries, and
                            ``(iii) the terms and conditions of such 
                        transaction, including any direct or indirect 
                        compensation, are at least as favorable to the 
                        plan as an arm's length transaction would be.
                    ``(B) Transactions with a fiduciary or its 
                affiliate.--The arm's length transaction requirements 
                of this subsection are met by a transaction described 
                in subparagraph (E) or (F) of subsection (c)(1) if--
                            ``(i) such transaction meets the 
                        requirements of subparagraph (A), and
                            ``(ii) prior to the commencement of such 
                        transaction--
                                    ``(I) written disclosure of 
                                potential conflicts of interest 
                                associated with the transaction (or 
                                contemplated transactions of the type 
                                thereof), including the receipt of 
                                direct or indirect compensation, has 
                                been provided to a fiduciary of the 
                                plan, and
                                    ``(II) the transaction (or 
                                contemplated transactions of the type 
                                thereof) have been provided for in the 
                                terms of the plan or of a written 
                                contract with a fiduciary described in 
                                subclause (I) that is independent of 
                                the person entering into the 
                                transaction and any of its affiliates.
                    ``(C) Transactions with the fiduciary causing the 
                transactions.--In any case in which a fiduciary causes 
                a plan to enter into a transaction with such fiduciary 
                or an affiliate thereof, the arm's length transaction 
                requirements of this subjection are met only if--
                            ``(i) such transaction meets the 
                        requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B),
                            ``(ii) such fiduciary or affiliate is 
                        engaged in the business of entering into 
                        transactions of such type with the general 
                        public, and
                            ``(iii) such transaction is entered into 
                        under substantially the same terms and 
                        conditions as those under which such 
                        transactions with the general public are 
                        entered into.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to transactions entered into on or after January 1, 
2001.

SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF PARTY IN INTEREST.

    (a) Amendments to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 
1974.--Section 3(14) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 
1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002(14)) is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(A) a person who is an administrator, officer, counsel, 
        or employee of the plan;
            ``(B) in connection with a transaction described in section 
        406(a), a fiduciary not otherwise described in subparagraph (A) 
        who personally directed or actively participated in the plan's 
        entry into such transaction;'';
            (2) in subparagraph (G), by adding ``or'' at the end;
            (3) by striking subparagraphs (H) and (I) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(H) an officer or director (or an individual having 
        powers or responsibilities similar to those of officers and 
        directors) of a person described in subparagraph (C), (D), (E), 
        or (G), or of the employee benefit plan.''; and
            (4) in the matter following subparagraph (I) (as in effect 
        before the amendments made by this subsection), by striking 
        ``and lower than 10 percent for subparagraph (H) or (I)''.
    (b) Amendments to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.--Paragraph (2) 
of section 4975(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to 
disqualified person) is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B) and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) a person who is an administrator, officer, 
                counsel, or employee of the plan;
                    ``(B) in connection with a transaction described in 
                subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of subsection 
                (c)(1), a fiduciary not otherwise described in 
                subparagraph (A) of this paragraph who personally 
                directed or actively participated in the plan's entry 
                into such transaction;'';
            (2) in subparagraph (G), by adding ``or'' at the end;
            (3) by striking subparagraphs (H) and (I) and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(H) an officer or director (or an individual 
                having powers or responsibilities similar to those of 
                officers and directors) of a person described in 
                subparagraph (C), (D), (E), or (G), or of the plan.''; 
                and
            (4) in the matter following subparagraph (I) (as in effect 
        before the amendments made by this subsection), by striking 
        ``and lower than 10 percent for subparagraph (H) or (I)''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to transactions, acts, or omissions occurring on or 
after January 1, 2001.

SEC. 4. STANDARDS FOR ISSUING EXEMPTIVE RELIEF.

    (a) In General.--Section 408(a) of the Employee Retirement Income 
Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1108(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking the third sentence;
            (2) by adding ``and'' at the end of paragraph (1), by 
        striking paragraph (2), and by redesignating paragraph (3) as 
        paragraph (2); and
            (3) in the matter following paragraph (3) (as in effect 
        before the amendments made by this subsection)--
                    (A) by striking ``Before granting'' and inserting 
                the following:
``The issuance of an exemption by the Secretary from any restriction 
under section 406 or 407(a) does not exempt a fiduciary who enters into 
a transaction subject to such exemption from the fiduciary duties of 
section 404 with respect to the plan or any other provision of this Act 
with respect to the plan. In any case in which the Secretary deems it 
appropriate, before granting'';
                    (B) by striking ``shall'' each place it appears and 
                inserting ``may'';
                    (C) by inserting ``or provide such other notice as 
                the Secretary deems appropriate'' after ``pendency of 
                the exemption'';
                    (D) by striking ``paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)'' 
                and inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (2)''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following new 
                sentence: ``The Secretary may not grant an exemption 
                under this section unless the Secretary finds that the 
                conditions or requirements set forth in the exemption 
                are necessary additions to the existing Federal and 
                State laws and regulations and the protections they 
                afford to address concerns unique to employee benefit 
                plans.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to transactions occurring on or after January 1, 
2001.

SEC. 5. REGULATIONS RELATING TO DEFINITION OF PLAN ASSETS.

    (a) In General.--Section 401 of the Employee Retirement Income 
Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1101) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection:
    ``(d)(1)(A) Not later than March 31, 2001, the Secretary shall 
issue proposed regulations (including proposed amendments to existing 
regulations) to provide additional guidance for the purpose of 
determining when the assets of an entity in which an employee benefit 
plan has invested will constitute assets of the plan for purposes of 
this part.
    ``(B) The proposed regulations issued pursuant to subparagraph (A) 
shall be subject to public notice and comment until June 30, 2001.
    ``(C) The Secretary shall issue final regulations providing the 
guidance described in subparagraph (A) not later than September 30, 
2001.
    ``(D) Except as otherwise determined by the Secretary, such 
regulations shall apply only to investments in an entity made by an 
employee benefit plan after September 30, 2001. No inference shall be 
drawn from the preceding sentence with respect to the interpretation of 
any existing regulations prior to such effective date.
    ``(2) The Secretary shall ensure that the regulations issued under 
paragraph (1)--
            ``(A) are administratively feasible; and
            ``(B) protect the interests and rights of the plan and of 
        its participants and beneficiaries (including meeting the 
        requirements of paragraph (3)).
    ``(3) The regulations prescribed by the Secretary pursuant to 
paragraph (1) shall provide--
            ``(A) that an entity in whose assets investment by an 
        employee benefit plan is not significant will not be treated as 
        holding the plan assets of such plan;
            ``(B) that participation by an employee benefit plan will 
        not be treated as significant unless such plan owns 25 percent 
        or more of any class of interests in the entity;
            ``(C) that, for purposes of determining whether investment 
        by an employee benefit plan in an entity is significant, 
        interests in the entity which are owned by other entities that 
        are deemed to hold assets of employee benefit plans shall be 
        treated as held by such plans only to the extent proportionate 
        to the interests in such entities that are owned by such plans;
            ``(D) that an entity that has made no investments, or that 
        has made only short-term investments pending long-term 
        commitment, shall be permitted to qualify for the exception (as 
        in effect under existing regulations) from plan asset status as 
        a `venture capital operating company' on a tentative basis for 
        purposes of accepting capital contributions of employee benefit 
        plans for a period not to exceed 30 days prior to the entity's 
        first investment that would permit it to qualify as a `venture 
        capital operating company' pursuant to such exception;
            ``(E) that a startup or other early stage company is 
        eligible to qualify as an `operating company' for purposes of 
        the definition of a `venture capital operating company' under 
        the exception described in subparagraph (D); and
            ``(F) that an entity which, for a prior period, has not 
        qualified or has failed to qualify for the exception described 
        in subparagraph (D) may nevertheless qualify for such exception 
        prospectively if it satisfies the requirements for the 
        exception on a prospective basis.
    ``(4) For purposes of this subsection--
            ``(A) The term `existing regulations' means the regulations 
        issued under this section which were in effect immediately 
        before the date of the enactment of this subsection.
            ``(B) Any reference to an employee benefit plan includes a 
        reference to any employee benefit plan to which the existing 
        regulations apply.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Subsection (f) of section 4975 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to other definitions and 
special rules) (as amended by the preceding provisions of this Act) is 
amended further by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(9) Regulations relating to definition of plan assets.--
        Section 401(d) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act 
        of 1974 shall apply with respect to regulations issued under 
        this section. For purposes of this paragraph, references in 
        such section 401(d) to employee benefit plans shall be deemed 
        to include references to plans referred to in this section.''.

Summary: Redefines party in interest under specified ERISA and related IRC provisions. Sets forth standards for the Secretary of Labor's issuing certain exemptive relief under ERISA. Directs the Secretary to issue regulations relating to definition of plan assets under specified ERISA and related IRC provisions.