To encourage and facilitate the security of nuclear materials and facilities worldwide.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Global Nuclear Security Initiative 
Act of 2002''.

SEC. 2. SECURITY OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND FACILITIES WORLDWIDE.

    (a) Sense of Congress on Program To Secure Stockpiles of Highly 
Enriched Uranium and Plutonium.--(1) It is the sense of Congress that 
the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of State 
and Secretary of Defense, should develop a comprehensive program of 
activities to encourage all countries with nuclear materials to adhere 
to, or to adopt standards equivalent to, the International Atomic 
Energy Agency standard on The Physical Protection of Nuclear Material 
and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC/225/Rev.4), relating to the security of 
stockpiles of highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium (Pu).
    (2) To the maximum extent practicable, the program should be 
developed in consultation with the Russian Federation, other Group of 8 
countries, and other allies of the United States.
    (3) Activities under the program may include specific, targeted 
incentives intended to encourage countries that cannot undertake the 
expense of conforming to the standard referred to in paragraph (1) to 
relinquish their highly enriched uranium or plutonium, including 
incentives in which a country, group of countries, or international 
body--
            (A) purchases such materials and provides for their 
        security (including by removal to another location);
            (B) undertakes the costs of decommissioning facilities that 
        house such materials;
            (C) in the case of research reactors, converts such 
        reactors to low-enriched uranium reactors; or
            (D) upgrades the security of facilities that house such 
        materials in order to meet stringent security standards that 
        are established for purposes of the program based upon agreed 
        best practices.
    (b) Study of Program To Secure Certain Radiological Materials.--(1) 
The Secretary of Energy, acting through the Administrator for Nuclear 
Security, shall require the Office of International Materials 
Protection, Control, and Accounting of the Department of Energy to 
conduct a study to determine the feasibility and advisability of 
developing a program to secure radiological materials outside the 
United States that pose a threat to the national security of the United 
States.
    (2) The study under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
            (A) An identification of the categories of radiological 
        materials that are covered by that paragraph, including an 
        order of priority for securing each category of such 
        radiological materials.
            (B) An estimate of the number of sites at which such 
        radiological materials are present.
            (C) An assessment of the effort required to secure such 
        radiological materials at such sites, including--
                    (i) a description of the security upgrades, if any, 
                that are required at such sites;
                    (ii) an assessment of the costs of securing such 
                radiological materials at such sites;
                    (iii) a description of any cost-sharing 
                arrangements to defray such costs;
                    (iv) a description of any legal impediments to such 
                effort, including a description of means of overcoming 
                such impediments; and
                    (v) a description of the coordination required for 
                such effort among appropriate United States Government 
                entities (including the Nuclear Regulatory Commission), 
                participating countries, and international bodies 
                (including the International Atomic Energy Agency).
            (D) A description of the pilot project undertaken in 
        Russia.
    (3) In identifying categories of radiological materials under 
paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary shall take into account matters 
relating to specific activity, half-life, radiation type and energy, 
attainability, difficulty of handling, and toxicity, and such other 
matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.
    (4) Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the study 
conducted under this subsection. The report shall include the matters 
specified under paragraph (2) and such other matters, including 
recommendations, as the Secretary considers appropriate as a result of 
the study.
    (5) In this subsection, the term ``radiological material'' means 
any radioactive material, other than plutonium or uranium enriched 
above 20 percent uranium-235.
    (c) Study of Actions To Address Terrorist Threat to Nuclear Power 
Plants Outside the United States.--(1) The Secretary of Energy shall, 
in consultation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the 
International Atomic Energy Agency, conduct a study of the feasibility 
and advisability of various actions to reduce the risks associated with 
terrorist attacks on nuclear power plants outside the United States.
    (2) Not later than nine months after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 
results of the study under paragraph (1). The report shall include the 
following:
            (A) A description of the actions studied.
            (B) An assessment of the feasibility and advisability of 
        undertaking one or more such actions.
            (C) Any other matters, including recommendations, that the 
        Secretary considers appropriate.
    (d) Amendment of Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear 
Materials.--(1) It is the sense of Congress that the President should 
encourage amendment of the Convention on the Physical Protection of 
Nuclear Materials in order to provide that the Convention shall--
            (A) apply to both the domestic and international use and 
        transport of nuclear materials;
            (B) incorporate fundamental practices for the physical 
        protection of such materials; and
            (C) address protection against sabotage involving nuclear 
        materials.
    (2) In this subsection, the term ``Convention on the Physical 
Protection of Nuclear Materials'' means the Convention on the Physical 
Protection of Nuclear Materials, With Annex, done at Vienna on October 
26, 1979.

Summary: Global Nuclear Security Initiative Act of 2002 - Expresses the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Energy should develop a comprehensive program of activities to encourage all countries with nuclear materials to adhere to, or adopt standards equivalent to, the International Atomic Energy Agency standard on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities relating to the security of stockpiles of highly enriched uranium and plutonium. Directs the Secretary to require the Office of International Materials Protection, Control, and Accounting of the Department of Energy to conduct a study of the feasibility and advisability of developing a program to secure radiological materials outside the United States that pose a threat to US national security. Requires the Secretary to report to Congress on: (1) such study's results. And (2) results of a study by the Secretary of the feasibility and advisability of various actions to reduce the risks associated with terrorist attacks on nuclear power plants outside the United States. Expresses the sense of Congress that the President should encourage amendment of the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials to make it: (1) apply to both domestic and international use and transport of nuclear materials. (2) incorporate fundamental practices for the physical protection of such materials, and (3) address protection against sabotage involving nuclear materials.