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ABSTRACTS
The feeding of gammexane and D. D. T. to bovines.
WILLIAM, S. G. (1938). Bull. Entomol. Res. 39, 423-434
A SERIES of experiments with oral feeding of Gammexane D. 929 showed that
dose of 0.5 gm./kgm. on two successive days proved rapidly toxic to bovines.
The main toxic symptom exhibited by the animal were, hypersensitivity of the skin
muscular tremors, general paralysis followed by death. A dose of 0.25 gm./kgm.
on two successive days followed by 0.125 gm./kgm. on 3rd and 4th days was well
tolerated and killed feeding Glossina palpalis and ticks. This dosage protected the
calves against re-infestation of ticks for 41 days.
Two calves given four weekly doses of 0.25 gm./kgm. and 0.125 gm./kgm. were
protected against re-infestation of ticks for a period of 20 days and 12 days
respectively where as weekly doses of 0.1 gm./kgm. have failed to produce any ticki-
cidal effect.
A D D T powder (containing 83 per cent of the para-para Isomer), when fed to
calves in doses of 0.5 gm./kgm. and 0.25 gm./kgm. respectively failed to kill feeding
Glossina palpalis. [D. N.]
Beneficial effect and economic importance of using all colostrum produced in
calf raising. KAESER, H. E. and SUTTON, T. S. (1948). J. Dairy Sci. 31, 523-532
T HE authors' investigations were to determine the effects of intermittent colos-
trum feeding for the duration of milk feeding period of six months. The term
Colostrum is used for the first three days secretion immediately following parturi-
tion. The high nutritive value of colostrum for the new-born calf is well known.
The vitamin A content of colostrum is many times that of normal milk. It is also
high in riboflavin which is also essential for the calf. Yet with all these qualities
and knowledge the surplus colostrum is not used for calf raising in many dairies.
Seventy-six calves born in the Ohio State University dairy herd during one year
period from five different major breeds were used for observations. The calves of
either sex were divided into two comparable groups—36 in group I and 40 in group
II. 22 of the 36 in group I remained for the full term of 24 weeks and 20 out of the
40 in group II. Calves were weighed at birth, 3rd day and later weekly during the
experimental period. They were bled for Vitamin A and carotene analysis at the
time of weighing during the first four weeks and once a month later.
All the calves received colostrum for the first 3 days from their dams by nipple-
pail feeding. Later the controls (group II) was fed whole Holstein milk at 10 per cent
of their body weight for the first 3 months, 8 per cent during the fourth month,
6 per cent during the fifth month and 4 per cent during the sixth month. The
experimental calves (group I) received the same quantity but the Holstein milk was
replaced part or all when colostrum was available. All calves received a concentrate
mixture, mixed hay of average quality and water ad libitum up to 3 months of age and
later the concentrate was increased and fed twice daily and at 6 months they were
getting 4 lb. daily.
Calves in group I i.e. colostrum fed maintained high blood plasma levels for
vitamin A and carotene, increased in weight more rapidly and had a better healthy
appearance especially during the first two months. No digestive disturbances were