NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
43
30. Rabies and Anti-rabic treatment.
Five cases of Rabies (Hydrophobia) occurred amongst troops, but none
of officers or families. The distribution is shown below. There were also
two " effects of anti-rabic treatment ".
TABLE No. 53.
British.
Indian.
District.
Station.
B. O. Rs. Officers &
families.
I. Os. &
I. O. Rs.
Peshawar
.
. .
Peshawar
.
.
.
1
.. ..
Rawalpindi .
. .
Khanspur
.
.
.
1
..
..
Lahore .
.
.
Lahore .
.
.
.. ..
1
Waziristan .
. . Bannu .
.
.
..
..
1
Bombay
.
.
.
Mhow .
.
.
.
1
..
..
Deccan .
.
.
Kamptee
.
.
1
..
..
Madras .
.
.
Wellington .
.
.
1
..
..
In Peshawar the case was associated with an epidemic amongst dogs in
which a noticeable feature was the very short incubation period.
Anti-rabic treatment is carried out very extensively for all troops and their
families. Treatment centres are provided at the military hospital in every
large cantonment or where the size of the military population demands it,
fifty-five being maintained during the year. In addition subsidiary centres
may be established temporarily at any hospital for treatment of any special
case or group of cases, so that military personnel need never travel far to
receive early treatments.
Vaccine is obtained from the Central Pasteur Institute and treatment
graded in accordance with the type of injury.
The history of each case is carefully assessed and in all cases of doubt or
where treatment will allay fears, treatment is given.
The total of treatments by districts throughout the country is shown
below.
TABLE No. 54.
District.
British.
Indian.
Total.
Peshawar
.
. . . . . . .
216
135
351
Rawalpindi.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
261
103
364
Lahore .
.
.
.
.
,
. . .
121
64
185
Kohat .
.
.
. . . . . .
18
44
62
Waziristan .
. . . . . . .
2
29
31
Western, I. Dist. .
.
.
.
. . .
206
30
236
Bombay-
.
.
9 5
1 7
1 1 2
Poona Bde. Area .
.
.
. . . .
70
6
76
Deccan .
. .
.
. . . . .
58
31
89
Madras .
.
. . . . . . .
81
14
95
Lucknow
.
. - . . . . .
181
34
215
Meerut .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
280
55
335
Presy. & Assam
.
.
30
17
47
Total India .
1,61.9
579
2,198
31. Sulphonamide group of drugs.
In view of the increasing notice and use of this group of drugs reports
were called for on their use during the year. These indicate that use has been
made of the group for a very wide range of conditions varying from parturition
to chickenpox and including 56 separate types of disease. The value of the
drug has been fully proved in cases of Gonorrhoea, all septic conditions, several
resistant types of skin infection, and very markedly in cases of pneumonia and
D 2
44
the acute meningitis infections. The Enteric fever group, tubercular condi--
tions such as empyema and peritonitis, and even malaria in certain stages are
reported to show rapid improvement under this treatment. The demands
have been great and with experience the exhibition of the drug is being put into
its proper sphere of action.
32. Hygiene.
A. THE CONTROL OF FOOD AND OTHER SUPPLIES.
Summary of work carried out at the Military Food Laboratory, Kasauli, during
1938.
(a) There has again been an increase in the work done during the year,
a record total of 18,012 having been examined. The total includes work at the
Ghi heating centre at Agra. This increase has been achieved without an in
- c r e a s e o f s t a f f , b u t w o r k i n g h o u r s h a d t o b e i n c r e a s e d a n d w o r kr
e a r r a n g e d . T h e
value of the work to the Army in India carried out by the highly trained, ex
- p e r i e n c e d s t a f f c a n n o t b e e x a g g e r a t e d .
TABLE No. 55.
Summary of samples received, accepted or rejected.
Source of Sample.
Percentage
of Rejec-
tions.
Number of
samples
received.
Number of
samples
accepted.
Number of
samples
rejected.
1. T/( a ) For registration of contractors--
From abroad
.
.
.
.
68.4
19
5
13
From India .
.
.
.
.
41 .7
201
116
84
2. T/( b )For tenders from approved firms-- -
From abroad
.
.
.
15 . 4
13
11
2
From India .
.
.
.
.
36.0
386
247
139
3. T/( c ) For special report to the Director
of Contracts —
From abroad.
.
.
60 . 0
40
15
24
From India .
.
.
.
.
26.0
42
19
11
4. A. For check before final acceptance of
bulk supplies-
From abroad.
.
.
.
1.2
82
80
1
From India .
.
-
-
-
9.0
2,080
1,818
229
5. H. Samples of articles submitted by
Medical officers not R.I.A.S.C. supply
..
1 0 6
2
3
6. D. Supplies received from sources out-
side India ; I.S.D., London
.
.
4.1
97
93
4
7. W/P. Samples from Government con-
trolled Mills .
.
.
.
..
590
590
..
8. C/P. Samples for comparison with local
prices
.
.
.
.
.
.
20.4
44
11
9
9. G/BS. Samples of grain from Bulk
. .
684
684
. .
10.G/SA Samples of Grain sot aside by
Agents
.
.
,
.
.
.
5.5
5,98
472
33
11. G/A Samples of grain for approval
.
3.6
4,92
473
18
12. G/CR Samples of crushed grain issued
to supply depots
.
.
.
. .
1,471
1,471
..
13. C. Samples of complaints from source .
14.3
1,454
1,195
207
14. T/Y Samples from stocks half yearly .
0.7
1,814
1,454
12
NOTE.-In certain cases no report was rendered. Some were " repeat " samples.
(b) The main causes of rejection under the three groups T/(a), etc. was
the inability of manufacturers to realise the high quality required and to sub-
mit samples which appeared to represent surplus or unsaleable stocks. For
example tinned milk old and with high acidity in inferior tins ; pearl barley
45
coated with mineral matter in inferior tins ; rice highly polished, par boiled
and broken and biscuits which are very indifferent compared with English
products.
Rum of good maturity is difficult to obtain owing to the ready sale available
for raw spirits and lack of inducement to store stocks.
(c) Group A .—Is the check maintained on bulk supplies before final
acceptance and indicates the real quality of the articles available for supply.
The samples from abroad are mainly from Australia which continues to
produce excellent supplies with only 1.2 per cent, rejections. Australian jams
are a far better quality than those from the United Kingdom.
The Indian products are not so satisfactory ; indifferent stocks of biscuit,
salt, pearl barley, rice, bran and even sugar are submitted in the hope that the
mixed inferior grades will be accepted.
(d) Under category H. are miscellaneous samples sent in by medical
officers, officers commanding hospitals, units, etc. and are articles not of R. I.
A. S. C. supply. These include water samples from places as far apart as Port
Blair and Fort Sandeman, samples. of canvas and flannel, peroxide, bleaching
powder, Ghi and the scale from a tank.
(e) Group D. W. C. G. and T. include samples which control actual
bulk supplies obtained through the India Stores Department or those of
Government controlled mills and of whole or crushed grains, dhalls, atta, etc.
The general results are satisfactory and show, with some exceptions, that the
quality of stocks has been good, and reflects favourably upon the control
maintained over purchase by this laboratory.
(f) Special work and research .—This has covered a very wide field with
results of great importance. Technique is constantly under revision and
improvements in accordance with the latest ideas are introduced when proved
to be of value.
(i) Biological assays .—The Vitamin " C " content of ascorbic acid
tablets for protection, against scurvy and the P 2 0 5 (Phosphorus
pentoxide) specification for rice were investigated.
(ii) Dietetic survey of the Lawrence Royal Military School, Sanawar
was carried out and certain essential improvements brought into
force.
(iii) Food contamination in connection with chemical warfare was
examined and it was found that the well known tests are not
satisfactory. Further work is in progress.
(iv) Super-chlorination of water for drinking supplies was tested. It
was found that waters with high ammoniacal content were not
sterilised in the 15 minute period and the margin of safety with
a deteriorated bleaching powder is small. A special report is
being prepared.
(u) R. I. A. S. C. specifications and M. F. L. Pamphlet .—The extremely
important work of revision of the Specifications has been success-
fully carried through, and the pamphlet on " The method of
submitting samples " has now been thoroughly revised and
brought fully up to date. This pamphlet has now been incor-
porated in the revised R. I. A. S. C. Specifications.
(g) The Ghi Testing Laboratory—Ghi Heating Centre, Agra.—Improve-
ments have been carried out in equipment and fittings and a large amount
of work has been covered.
4
Malaria continues to hold its place as the principal single disease and shows
an increase of 6 per 1,000 although there is hardly any increase in actual ad-
missions for the disease.
The insect borne group of diseases however shows a decrease of 2 per 1,000
in rate and nearly 400 cases in actuals, the reduction being mainly in dengue,
but also slightly in Sandfly fever for which 100 less cases were admitted during
the year.
The venereal group of diseases with an increase of nearly 4 per 1,000 in
the rate actually shows a slight reduction in the numbers admitted for the whole
group. Unfortunately this is confined to the cases of gonorrhœa whereas both
Syphilis and Soft chancre cases have been on the increase.
Three Diphtheria " Carriers " were admitted to hospital.
The death rate was 2 . 78 per 1,000 of the strength compared with 2 . 15 in
1937, viz . a rise of 0 . 6 per 1,000 although there was a reduction of nearly
20 in the actual numbers.
The chief causes of death were :—
Infectious diseases
.
.
.
. . . . .
0.58
Local injuries (including 9 Gunshot Wounds) .
.
.
.
0.58
General injuries .
.
.
. . . . . .
0.49
Pneumonia.
. . . . . . . .
0 . 30
Digestive diseases
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
0.28
Circulatory diseases
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
0.09
Invaliding shows a satisfactory reduction, the rate being 9 . 35 per 1,000
of strength sent home as invalids com p ared with 10 . 97 of the previous year
the actual numbers being nearly 120 less.
The principal causes of invaliding to the United Kingdom were :—
TABLE No. 6.
Invaliding, British Troops.
Pulmonary tuberculosis
.
.
.
. . . .
1.18
Mental diseases other than schizophrenia
.
.
1.09
Injuries other than fractures
0.74
Diseases of joints
0.60
Schizophrenia
.
.
. . . . . . .
0.42
Diseases of bronchi and bronchioles
.
.
.
. .
0.28
Fractures .
.
. . . . . . . .
0.28
Epilepsy
. . . . . . . . . .
0.26
Diseases of the urinary organs
.
0.26
Rheumatic fever
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
0.21
Disordered action of the heart
.
.
.
.
. .
0.19
Tuberculosis other than pulmonary
.
.
. . .
0.19
Valvular diseases of the heart
.
.
. . . . .
0.14
Deformities of limbs .
.
. . . . .
0.09
The average number constantly sick in hospital was 27 . 61 per 1,000 of
the strength, compared with 27 . 02 per 1,000 in 1937, although the average
inefficiency was nearly 100 less.
57
choleraic cramps. The temperature rose to 105.6 but recovery was dramati-
cally rapid. There were no associated cases although the patient lived in a
mess where all partook of the same food.
Further investigations have been carried out by the Officer in charge,
Enteric Laboratory into the alkalegenes group. Sera has been prepared
from a number of non-motile gram negative bacilli that failed to ferment
any of the ordinary carbohydrate media. These organisms had been cultivated
from the blood of patients suffering from continuous fevers.
Serologically related strains were found on seven occasions. These were
considered to be B. alkaligenes as distinct from viterio alkaligenes (B. faecalis
alkaligenes of Petruscky.)
In one case the organism persisted for sometime in the faeces after it had
disappeared from the blood. It appears that besides being more than one
morphological type in this group of bacteria, there also exist several serological
types of the non-motile variety.
Dysentery .—Specimens from 4,252 cases of dysentery and 3,735 cases of
diarrhoea were bacteriologically examined during the year 1938. A total of
17,550 bacteriological examinations were carried out in connection with these
cases, 1,620 more than in 1937. There were 213 cases of amoebic dysentery
and 14 cases of mixed bacillary and amoebic infection. Typical bacillary
exudates were present microscopically in 58 per cent. of the cases.
The percentage of isolation of organisms from cases with typical exudates
varied in different laboratories from 91 per cent. to 50 per cent. The results
on the whole were most satisfactory and were slightly better than last year.
The following table shows percentages of isolations by Commands.
TABLE No. 56.
Comparative statement showing percentage of isolations of dysentery organisms by Commands-1938.
Typical Bacillary Exudate.
Indefinite Exudate.
Percentage of total cases
from which Bacillary or-
ganisms were isolated.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
.9
10
11
12
13
Commands
Total Cases.
Cases.
Per-
centage
of
total
cases.
Cases
from
which
orga-
nism
isolat-
ed.
Per-
centage
of
5
with
3.
Cases.
Per-
centage
of
total
cases.
Cases
from
which
orga-
nism
isolat-
ed.
Per-
centage
of
9
with
7.
Typical
Bacil-
lary
Exudate.
In-
definite
Ex-
udate.
Total.
Remarks.
Eastern Com-
mand .
1,137
710
60.7
561
79.0
427
37.6
203
47.5
49.3
17.9
67.2
Northern
Command
1,618
933
57.7
742
79.5
675
41.7
256
37.9
45.9
15.8
61.7
Southern
Command
1,007
639
63.5
436
68.2
368
36.5
180
48.9
43.2
17.9
61.1
Western
(I)
Dist.
490
214
43.6
155
72.5
276
56.3
102
36.9
31.6
20.8
52.4
58
TABLE No. 57.
Analysis of types of dysentery bacilli isolated during 1938.
1
Commands and
l a b o r a t o r i e s .
2
Group A-1
B. flexner
Andrews
strains V.
W. X. Y. Z.
etc.
3
Group A-2
Boyd's
strains 103,
170 and 119.
4
Group B
Boyd's
strains 88,
288, D 1,
274.
5
Group C.
B-Sonne.
6
B -
Shiga.
7
B-
Schmitz.
8
Entamoeba
histolytica.
9
Total.
Northern.
Kasauli . . .
11
1
8
10
3
1
. . .
34
157
79
21
18
12
14
8
5
Peshawar . . .
77
Kohat . . .
48
2
9
5
3
6
4
Razmak . . .
232
24
19
18
20
25
13
351
128
35
15
18
15
6
7
Rawalpindi . . .
32
92
Lahore . . .
46
4
4
9
24
2
3
Bannu . . .
28
1
3
. . .
6
2
4
44
7
1
4
36
8
5
2
9
Sialkot . . .
75
6
10
15
. . .
Ambala . . .
43
1
. . .
42
7
25
1
2
2
3
2
Abbottabad . . .
Total . . .
552
95
80
98
101
53
57
1,036
Southern.
Poona . . .
99
7
33
67
20
19
9
254
3
44
Colaba . . .
23
3
2
7
3
3
44
144
Bangalore . . .
50
3
14
16
6
11
Trimulgherry . . .
21
14
47
40
10
17
13
162
76
5
12
2
36
7
6
8
Jubbulpore . . .
4
38
6
10
16
2
. . .
. . .
Mhow . . .
20
6
Nasirabad . . .
5
1
. . .
1
4
3
Total . . .
250
37
102
145
65
55
84
738
60
Western.
Quetta . . .
72
3
24
42
12
4
4
161
Karachi . . .
4 7
. .
. .
23
1
6
5
82
Total . . .
119
3
24
65
13
10
9
243
Eastern.
Meerut . . .
38
24
15
28
6
5
7
123
Lucknow . . .
78
15
12
26
13
23
25
192
Calcutta . . .
39
6
3
33
8
6
11
106
Bareilly . . .
28
8
14
13
6
5
4
78
Dehra Dun . . .
2 2
. .
. .
10
3
3
9
47
Jhansi . . .
116
5
7
28
16
9
12
193
Allahabad . . .
1 2
. .
. .
11
5
. .
5
33
Total . . .
333
5 8
5 1
149
57
5 1
73
772
Total All-India
1938 .
1,254
193
257
457
236
169
223
2,789
1 9 3 7 .
989
234
238
460
246
163
242
2,572
TABLE No. 58.
Percentage of types of dysentery bacilli isolated in the commands during 1938 and percentage of positive results to E.
histolytica.
Command.
Total.
Group A-1
B. flexner
Andrews
strains V.
W. X. Y. Z.,
etc.
Group A-2
Boyd's
strains 103,
170,119.
Group B
Boyds
strains 88,
288, P. 274-
D-1 and
D. 19
Group C
B. Sonne.
B.
Shiga.
B.
Schmitz.
Positive
E.
histolytica.
Northern . . .
1,036
53.3
9.2
7.7
9.5
9.5
5.1
5.5
Sòuthern . . .
738
33.9
5.0
13.7
19.6
8.8
7.4
11.4
Western (I.) Distt . . .
243
48.9
1.2
9.8
26.8
5.3
4.1
3.7
Eastern . . .
772
43.1
7.5
6.6
19.3
7.4
6.6
9.5
Average All-India .
. .
44.9
6.9
9.2
19.6
8.5
6.0
7.9
TABLENO.
60.
Wassermann tests and Kahn tests—1938.
L a b o r a t o r y .
Total.
Wassermann tests.
carried out.
Total
wasser-
mann
tests
carried
out on
blood
sera
from all
sources.
Total
wasser .
mann
tests on
C. S. F.
Total
Kahn
tests.
Percentage sera
hæmolysed and
septic.
Percentage
capsules
broken.
British
troops.
Indian
troops.
Br.
Ind.
Br.
Ind.
Southern Command Lab., Poona . . .
1,807
1,167
4,242
48
4,239
2.26% 3.08% 0.28% 0.26%
2,288
3,654
5,996
97
3,800
1.08% 1.80% 0.43% 0.40%
District Lab., Rawalpindi . . .
1,967
2,342
4,387
51
4,029
4.50% 5.10% 0.25% 0.34%
District Lab., Meerut . . .
1,137
1,109
2,552
67
1,450
2.01% 2.20% 0.34% 0.18%
District Lab., Quetta . . .
Total . . .
7,199
8,272 17,177
263
13,518
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
64
65
TABLE No. 61
Results of Wassermann tests-1938
Poona.
Rawalpindi.
Meerut.
Quetta.
Nagative. Positive. Negative. Positive. Negative. Positive. Negative. Positive.
Syphilis primary
(before treat-
ment)
.
1,401
232
5
62
39
159
...
5
Syphilis secon-
dary
(before
treatment)
...
59
...
17
...
39
5
16
Syphilis tertiary
(before treat-
ment) .
.
...
53
...
5
...
48
• ..
5
Syphilis
(after
treatment)
.
971
309
1,841
398
1,514
217
630
211
Gonorrhœa
.
40
4
113
18
9
...
24
12
The number of cases diagnosed primary syphilis on a positive Wassermann
reaction is still considered to be too high. This applies particularly to Indian.
troops but it is realised that many of them report late for examination having
previously endeavoured to treat themselves or received local treatment in the
bazaar.
Instructions were issued in November 1937 that in the case of hospitals
situated in a station where no laboratory existed sera taken from the suspect-
ed sore should be despatched in a sealed capillary pipette to the nearest labora-
tory for examination for the presence of T. Pallida. This procedure has been
successful in a certain number of cases and enabled the patient to be diagnosed
and treated before the Wassermann reaction became positive. The following
tables show the method by which primary infectious in the case of British and
Indian troops were diagnosed throughout the year by Commands.
TABLE No. 62
British Troops
Number of cases of syphilis fresh diagnosed
Command.
Number of
cases of
syphilis fresh
admitted
to
Hospital.
By
demonstra-
tion of
T. Pallida.
On
Positive
Wassermann
Reaction.
By demons-
tration of T.
Pallida and on
Positive
Wassermann
Reaction.
By
other
methods.
Northern Command
.
50
22
26
2
..
Eastern Command.
109
54
50
4
1
Southern Command
.
102
43
49
9
1
Western Ind. District .
38
22
1 6
• •
• •
Total All-India
.
.
299
141
141
15
2
____
66
TABLE No. 63.
Indian Troops
Number of cases of syphilis fresh diagnosed
Command.
Number of
cases of
syphilis fresh
admitted
to
Hospitals.
By
demons-
tration of
T. Pallida.
On
Positive
Wassermann
Reaction.
By demons-
tration of T.
Pallida and
Positive on
Wassermann
Reaction.
By
Other
Methods.
Northern Command
.
100
27
68
5
..
Eastern Command
.
100
21
77
2
..
Southern Command
.
86
17
65
4
..
Western Ind. District
.
18
1
16
1
..
Total All-India
.
304
66
226
12
..
Anaemias.—During 1938 over 100 cases of anaemia were admitted to
Indian hospitals in Waziristan District. Complete blood pictures were carried
out by the Deputy Assistant Director of Pathology on 96 patients suffering
from clinical anaemia. As the result of these investigations it was ascertained
that 30 had normal blood pictures, 26 were suffering from hypochromic
anaemia and 40 from hyperchromic anaemia. The microcytic anaemias were
quickly cured by massive doses of iron, while the macrocytic responded satis-
factorily to treatment by liver or marmite. The fact that these latter anaemias
made full recoveries on marmite or liver points to the conclusion that they
are belonged to the group of Tropical nutritional anaemias. Such
anaemia may be produced in many ways ; but it would appear that, in the
case of the Indian soldier, it is the result of a diet which is poor in Vitamin B.
This diet in normal times of peace is as a rule adequate for the sepoy but it seems
probable that an insufficient reserve of vitamin B is built up in his body so that
when extra demands are made on this reserve, as may occur as the result of
diarrhœa, dysentery, malaria. and other debilitating diseases, especially when
accompanied by the strain of active service a state of hypo-vitaminosis B, is
produced and is manifested as Tropical nutritional anaemia.
Since the above small outbreak occurred arrangements have been made
whereby marmite is available for issue to all hospital patients in ample
quantities.
Notes on Routine Laboratory Work.—Biochemical work showed a definite
increase over 1937, e.g. , blood sugar estimations rose from 281 to 321 and blood
urea from 229 to 278. Blood typing tests were carried out on 1294 individuals
which is an increase of 570 tests as compared with, last year. All laboratories
now prepare and store their own Group II and III sera in order to be in a posi-
tion to carry out this test. Blood sedimentation tests increased by 221 to 432,
but these tests are still restricted to certain laboratories ; of the above 231
were carried out in Razmak. This laboratory was also responsible for 261 re-
ticulecyte counts which was more than 50 per cent. of the total number com-
pleted by all laboratories. Post mortem examinations were undertaken
when considered necessary and numbered 80, of which 33 were performed
in Northern Command and 16 in Western Ind. District.
The amount of section work done, apart from the size of the stations
obviously depended on the interest taken by the officer in charge of the labora-
-tory and many of the above examinations were undoubtedly carried out for
instructional purposes only.
The number of antegenous vaccines prepared decreased slightly from last
year but numbered 507.
During the year 8 medical officers, 6 assistant surgeons and 14 sub-
assistant surgeons were trained in laboratory duties and in addition 15 assistant
surgeons and. 31 sub-assistant surgeons were trained in clinical side room work.
This latter training is considered to be of great importance especially as regards
the diagnosis of malaria.
With very few exceptions nearly all laboratories are now equipped with
up-to-date equipment and within reason any special equipment requested for
special work has been and can be provided annually.
The Medical Directorate's Technical Library has been extensively used by
many medical officers throughout Inaia, a total of 109 reference books having
been issued on loan throughout the year.
It is satisfactory to note that practically all officers commanding hospitals
have made special reference in their annual medical transactions concerning
the close liaison between the pathologist and medical officers in charge of cases.
It is considered to be due in a great measure to this liaison that the results
throughout the year have been so satisfactory.
34. X-ray Examinations
There were 27,658 X-ray examinations carried out, the details are
shown in Appendix I.
35. Surgical operations
Surgical operations numbered 3,331. Details by groups of diseases are
shown in Appendix II.
36.Anaesthetics
3,039 anaesthetics were given during the year, details are shown in
Appendix III.
69
APPENDIX I
Summary of X-Ray Examinations for the year 1938
N o . o f p a t i e n t s e x a m i n e d .
[Compiled from I. A. F. (Medical)-27.]
British . . .
14,496
Indian . . .
11,425
Civilian . . .
1,737
B o n e s a n d j o i n t s .
Injury . . .
16,782
Disease . . .
2,608
N u m b e r a n d n a t u r e o f e x a m i n a t i o n s c a r r i e d o u t .
Sinuses
859
Teeth . . .
1,002
Lungs . . .
3,587
Heart . . .
1 4 8
Gastro Intestinal . . .
5 9 8
Liver and Gall bladder . . .
336
Urinary tract . . .
9 8 3
Genital tract . . .
123
Miscellaneous . . .
490
Foreign body . . .
59
C y s t i o e r c o s i s . . .
65
Pregnancy . . .
66
C a s e s i n w h i c h a c o n t r a s t m e d i u m w a s u s e d a n d n a t u r e o f m e d i u m .
Barium . . .
569
122
Uroselectan B . . .
Shadacol . . .
139
Lipiodol . . .
19
Per abrodil . . .
1 5
Sodium iodide . . .
4
Bismuth cL i q . P a r a f f i n
1
M i s c e l l a n e o u s I n - f o r m a t i o n .
No. of ordinary films used . . . 37,555
No. of dental films . . .
3,500
No. of exposures . . . 56,242
No. of X-ray papers . . .
1 , 3 6 2 1 / 3
No. of screen examinations . . .
435