NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
8
In the Laboratories no original research work could be
completed during the year under report on account of
changes in the staff, continuity and co-ordination being
necessary for research work.
Buildings.
11. Considerable improvements to buildings have been
completed. A small animals' house,
experimental pens, two Pneumonia
boxes and a syces' shelter have been added.
Income.
12. The total income during the year was Rs. 17,863
against Rs. 21,567 last year. The
decrease is mostly due to the decreased
number of admissions last year. Indian States and foreign
Provinces did not nominate any candidates for admission into
the College.
Expenditure.
13. The total expenditure for the year amounted to
Rs. 1,69,550 against Rs. 1,41,273 last
year. The increase is accounted for
by the increase in pay of certain establishments and the rise
in price of requisites.
General Remarks.
14. The health and behaviour of the students remained
satisfactory.
The number of students residing in the hostel at the
end of the year was 132.
The Principal is pleased to record his appreciation of
the work done by the staff during the year.
A riding class for the first year students was instituted
during the year under report. The result has been very
statisfactory, all the students passing the riding test before
being allowed to present themselves for their professional
examination.
9
Report on the Civil Veterinary Department,
Punjab, for the year 1921-22.
BY MR. T. F. QUIRKE, M.R.C.V.S., CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT.
Part I.—Administration.
1. The following statement shows the names of officers
who held charge of the several appointments and the
amount of touring performed by them during the year
under report:—
Name of appointment.
Chi ef Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Punjab.
Offi cer under training ...
Offi ci at i ng Deput y Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary
Department, Lahore.
Deput y Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Lahore.
Superintendent, Ci vi l Veteri-
nary Department, Nort h
Punjab.
Deput y Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
North Punjab.
Offi ci at i ng Deput y Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary
Department, Nort h Punjab.
Superintendent, Ci vi l Veteri-
nary Department, Sout h
Punjab.
Deput y Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Depart ment ,
Sout h Punjab.
Offi ci at i ng Deput y Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary
Department, Sout h Punjab.
Name of offi cer.
Mr . T. F. Qui rke
Captain K. J. S.
Dowl and
M. Talib Al i ...
P. Jauki Nat h ...
Mr . J. S. Garewal
M. Talib Khan ...
M. Muhammad
Abdullah.
Maj or F. G. Sikes
R. S. L. Kot u R a m
M. Muhammad
Jan.
Dat es of hold-
i ng charge.
1st April 1921
t o 31st March
1922.
1st April 1921
t o 3r d May 1921
1st April 1921
to 11th June
1921.
12th June 1921
t o 31st March
1922.
1st Apri l 1921
to 31st March
1922.
1st April 1921
to 20t h Feb-
ruary 1922.
21st February
1922 to 31st
March 1922.
1st April 1921
to 31st March
1922.
1st April 1921
t o 20t h Sept em-
ber 1921 & 21st
November 1921
t o 31st March
1922.
21st Sept ember
1921 to 20th
November 1921.
Number of days
spent on tour.
174
11
30
109
90
199
31
111
214
48
NUMBER OF
MILES.
By
rail.
13, 374
488
840
4, 032
5, 796
3, 621
939
8, 870
11, 753
2, 820
By
road.
1, 202
194
403
1, 500
1, 053
1, 465
264
1, 155
2, 557
558
2. On being relieved from the Punjab Veterinary
College, Lahore, where he had gone on deputation P. Janki
Nath assumed charge of the duties of Deputy Superin-
tendent at Lahore on the afternoon of 11th June 1921.
10
R. S. L. Kotu Ram, Deputy Superintendent, South
Punjab Circle, remained on privilege leave for 2 months with
effect from 21st September 1921 to 20th November 1921 .
During this period M. Muhammad Jan, Veterinary Inspector,
officiated as Deputy Superintendent.
M. Talib Khan, Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veteri-
nary Department,North Punjab Circle, proceeded on combined
leave for one year (6 months privilege and 6 months on half
average pay) with effect from 2lst February 1922 when
M. Muhammad Abdullah, Veterinary Inspector, was pro-
moted to officiate in his stead.
3. A wholetime Superintendent for the North-West
Frontier Province has already been sanctioned by the Secretary
of State, but no officer has yet been appointed. The appoint-
ment should be filled as soon as possible, as under the
present arrangement, when the Department is rapidly
expanding, one officer cannot do justice to the work of both
Provinces, particularly now that the Dhanni Cattle Breed-
ing Scheme is in need of such constant supervision.
4. As usual the Chief Superintendent, Superintendents
and the Deputy Superintendents toured in their respective
circles in connection with horse, mule and cattle breeding,
investigation of cattle diseases, and for the inspection of
veterinary hospitals, etc.
A special point was made of interviewing district
officers and all representative zamindars on the veterinary
requirements of their districts.
Veterinary Assistants are kept up to date in their work
by closely questioning them on professional matters when
their hospitals are being inspected. The Punjab Veterinary
Journal and other vernacular veterinary pamphlets are
constantly being circulated amongst the staff.
5. The Chief Superintendent inspected the following
veterinary hospitals outside his own circle:—
Rohtak, Hissar, Bhiwani, Karnal, Ferozepore, Rawal-
pindi, Murree, Ambala, Simla, Sabathu, Gurgaon, Delhi,
Gojra, Lyallpur, Ludhiana, Beri, Sonepat, Jhajjar, Sargodha,
Shahpur, Jhelum, Gujrat, Montgomery, Okara and Pak-
pattan.
He visited the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, for
the annual distribution of stud bulls for the districts, and
on other occasions as necessary during the year.
11
All the cattle breeding Farms in the Lower Bari Doab
Canal Colony were regularly inspected by him. In com-
pany with the Chief Superintendent, the Dairy Expert to
the Government of India and the Assistant Director, Mili-
tary Dairy Farms, visited the Jahangirabad Montgomery
Cattle Breeding Farm and were very favourably impressed
with the progress being made in grading up the herd.
The Chief Superintendent was deputed to Muktesar Labo
ratory to study the application of the Serum Simultaneous
method of inoculation against Rinderpest in the districts.
He attended the meeting of the Board of Agriculture
at Pusa and acted as an Examiner at the Punjab Veterinary
College, Lahore. He is also acting as Secretary of the
Milk and Ghee Committee which was appointed by the
Hon'ble Minister for Agriculture to consider the question of
the supply of milk and ghee in the Province.
Part II.—Treatment of Diseases.
I.—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Mortality—Table II.
6. During the year under report 42,244 deaths from
contagious diseases were reported in the
Province agains 25,200 in the previous
year.
The continuance of the fodder shortage from the pre-
vious year found the condition of cattle generally below
normal with less resistance to disease.
Inspite of the strenuous efforts made by this department,
mortality in live stock is causing very heavy loss to the
agriculturists of the Province every year. This is in great
measure due to their ignorance, old established customs and
prejudices which make them careless in reporting in time
the incidence of disease. To remedy this defect the neces-
sity for the introduction of some useful lessons on breeding
and prevention of disease in the text-books of village
Primary Schoolsis emphasised. This would undoubtedly
be a great factor towards educating the agricultural classes
in a subject which so closely affects their interests.
Rupees 6,000 have been provided in the budget for
the year 1922-23 for payment of rewards to Patwaries for
good work in reporting outbreaks of cattle disease. This
will, it is hoped, stimulate promptness in reporting.
12
1(a).—Equines.
Glanders—Table II.
7. Only one case of glanders was reported from Feroze-
pore Cantonment during the year under
report as compared with none during
the previous year. It is satisfactory to be able to record
the comparative freedom of the province from this disease
during the past few years.
Anthrax—Table II.
8. No case of Anthrax was reported
during the year.
Surra—Table II.
9. During the year under report 17 deaths took place
from Surra against 37 in the previous
year. The year was generally unfavour-.
able to the spread of this disease.
Dourine—Table II.
10. No case of Dourine was reported during the year.
The non-existence of this disease since
1918-19 is most satisfactory.
Other contagious dis-
eases—Table II.
11. During the year under report 8 deaths from other
contagious diseases were reported from
the Jhelum District against none in the
previous year. The diseases were Mange,
Barsati, Strangles, etc.
I (b).—Bovines.
Rinderpest—Table II.
12. With the exception of Hissar District Rinderpest
appeared in all the districts of the pro-
vince. Twenty-three thousand six hun-
dred and sixty-one deaths were reported
from this disease against 14,594 in the previous year. The
most serious losses occurred in the Gurdaspur, Sialkot, Guj-
ranwala, Sheikhupura, Shahpur and Muzaffargarh Districts.
Owing to fodder shortage there was. a very general
movement of animals between districts, which was account-
able for starting a large number of fresh centres of infec-
tion. The staff, however, responded to the demands made
on them so that the disease was kept well under control.
Anti-Rinderpest inocula-
tions—Table III.
13. Anti-Rinderpest inoculations were performed in
759 outbreaks and 132,841 animals
were inoculated against 524 outbreaks
and 115,584 inoculations in the previ-
ous year. One hundred and eighty-one animals died after
inoculation, the majority of which were in the incubative
stage of the disease at the time of inoculation.
13
Following on a very close watch of previous inoculation
results, an increased dosage of Serum with a minimum of
15 ccs. and a maximum of 90 ccs. for plains animals per
600 lbs. body weight has been introduced in the districts
in dealing with actual outbreaks of disease.
The virulence of the disease varies so enormously,
especially under conditions of severe fodder shortage as have
been more or less prevalent for some years past, that it
has been found necessary to use a larger protective dose
than has hitherto been employed.
Foot and Mouth dis-
ease—Table II.
14. During the year under report 1,057 animals died
from Foot and Mouth disease against
301 in the previous year. This disease
appeared in 23 districts of the Province.
of which Kangra suffered the most.
As usual necessary measures to check the disease were
adopted by the subordinate veterinary staff,
The indifference which zamindars generally display in
having this disease attended to is accountable for the large
unnecessary mortality which occurs through complications
of this disease.
Hæmorrhagic
Septi-
cæmia—Table II.
15. During the year under report with the exception
of Simla and Attock, Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia appeared in all the districts
of the Province. Ten thousand nine
hundred and twenty-three animals died against 4,459 in the
previous year. The disease was prevalent in low-lying areas
and in those districts which had a good rainfall during
the year.
The abnormal movement of animals between districts
owing to fodder shortage led to large herds of cattle being
collected on the grazing areas of such districts as Gujrat,
Shahpur, Gurdaspur and Sheikhupura where the disease
is more or less endemic. This disease runs such a rapid
course that it allows very little opportunity under the present
haphazard system of reporting disease by Patwaries to have
inoculation carried out in time by the staff.
Preventive inoculations.—
Table III.
16. Preventive inoculations against Hæmorrhagic Sep-
ticæmia were performed in 181 out-
breaks and 43,858 animals were inocu-
lated against 50 outbreaks and 13,279
inoculations during the previous year. Only 15 animals
died after inoculation.
14
Preventive Vaccinations.—
Table III.
17. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia Vaccinations were per-
formed on 42,999 animals in 154 villages
of 22 districts against 47,551, 232 and
20 respectively during the previous
year. The highest number of vaccinations was performed in
Lahore district where 6,660 animals were vaccinated against
the disease.
The Superintendent, North Punjab, reports excellent
results from the use of the protective vaccine employed in
villages where the disease was generally rife in previous
years.
Black-quarter.—Table II.
18. During the year under report 360 deaths were re-
ported from this disease against 604
during the previous year. The heaviest
mortality occurred in Multan District.
Vactinations
against
Black-quarter.—Table III.
19. Vaccinations against this disease were performed on
5,290 animals in 57 villages against
6,380 animals in 54 villages during the
previous year.
The results of vaccination have been generally very sa-
tisfactory. In a small minority of cases the vaccine has fail-
ed to protect especially in the Dhanni Tract. Specimens
have been sent from this area to the Imperial Bacteriolo-
gical Laboratory, Muktesar, for the preparation of a suit-
able vaccine.
Other contagious dis-
eases.—Table II.
20. During the year under report 719 deaths took place
amongst bovines from "other conta-
gious diseases" compared with 203 in
the previous year. These include Liver
Fluke, Mange, Sheep-pox, Gillar, Pleuro Pneumonia Conta-
giosa.
I (c).—Other Animals.
Mortality.—Table II.
21. The following contagious diseases occurred in
other animals during the year under
report:—
Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth disease, Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia, Black-quarter, Sheep-pox and Liver Fluke, etc.
Total mortality amounted to 5,498 against 4,997 in the
previous year.
15
II.—OTHER DISEASES.
Treatment of diseases in
villages.—Table IV.
22. During the year under report 17,530 villages were
visited by Veterinary Assistants on
tour, 111,133 animals were treated and
22,209 castrated as compared with
13,167 villages, 72,182 oases and 17,806 castrations during
the previous year.
The touring work of the Veterinary Assistants has been
well maintained. Special effort has been made with regard
to castration work which has shown a considerable increase.
The importance of castration work as a very necessary step
towards the improvement of cattle breeding is being im-
pressed on the staff.
III.—VETERINARY HOSPITALS.
Number of Veterinary
Hospitals.—Table V
23. In the beginning of the year there were 139 veteri-
nary hospitals and 5 dispensaries in
the province. During the year new
veterinary hospitals were either started
or temporary hospitals were converted into permanent insti-
tutions at the places mentioned below:—
(1) Sampla, district Rohtak.
(2) Mukerian, „ Hoshiarpur.
(3) Hariana,
„
„
(4) Attari,
„ Amritsar.
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Shahkot, district Jullundur.
„
„
Sheikhupura.
Domel,
„
Attock.
Shah Jiwana, district Jhang.
The following temporary dispensaries were started dur-
ing the year:—
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Hathin, district Gurgaon.
Mehm,
„
Rohtak.
Khanewal, „
Multan.
Banga,
„
Jullundur.
(5)
(6)
(7)
(3)
Mahilpur, district Hoshiarpur.
Fatehabad,
„
Amritsar.
Kabnuwau,
„
Gurdaspur.
Rajajang,
„
Lahore.
Out of the 5 dispensaries mentioned in paragraph 22 of
the previous year's report, the one at Sampla, district Rohtak,
was converted into a permanent hospital during the year.
Thus at the close of the year under report there were 147
hospitals and 12 dispensaries in the province, an increase of
8 veterinary hospitals and 7 dispensaries.
The dispensaries are accommodated in temporary build-
ings under the charge of an Itinerating Veterinary Assistant,
It is hoped that the existing dispensaries will be converted
into permanent hospitals in due course.
16
The opening of 15 additional veterinary hospitals during
1922-23 is also anticipated, arrangements for which are in
progress.
Work at veterinary hos-
pitals.—Table V.
24. The total number of animals treated both in the
hospitals and dispensaries of the pro-
vince was 360,715 against 337,407
during the previous year. Sixty-two
thousand one hundred and thirty cases against 39,443 last
year were supplied with medicines but were not brought to
hospitals. Seven thousand four hundred and sixty-eight
castrations were performed in these institutions against
13,791 last year,
Notwithstanding the amount of touring work which has
to be done in attending the large number of outbreaks of
contagious disease and the carrying out of castration work
in the villages, the attendance at the hospitals continues to
be very satisfactory.
Building of Veterinary
Hospitals.
25. Satisfactory progress has been made in the provi-
sion of suitable accommodation. Pri-
vate individuals now come forward to
contribute towards the construction of
new veterinary hospitals, which shows the extent to which
the work of this department is recognised by the public in
general and particularly by agriculturists.
Encouraged by the very many substantial offers of help
from private individuals and Co-operative Societies we are
now becoming less dependent on financial assistance from
District Boards. It is hoped that the time for the starting
of Co-operative Veterinary Dispensaries is not far distant.
Our thanks are due to Sardar Sahib Risaldar-Major
Harnam Singh, Sardar Sahib Chanda Singh and Mahant
Harbhajan Dass who have given very substantial assistance
towards the erection of the Attari Hospital, Amritsar Dis-
trict, also to Rai Sahib Chowdri Malla Singh who has sub-
scribed Rs. 3,600 towards the opening of a new hospital at
Indaura, Kangra District.
Rupees six thousand have been collected from private
subscribers towards the opening of a new hospital at Pattoki,
Lahore District.
17
Simla Veterinary Hospi-
tal.
26. The receipts and expenditure of the Simla Veterinary
Hospital during the year under report
were Rs. 10,012 and Rs. 7,546, respec-
tively, against Rs. 10,489 and Rs. 7,824,
respectively, during the previous year. The surplus of the
income over the expenditure was Rs. 2,466 against Rs. 2,665
for the last year The minimum amount that is required to
be paid to Government annually (according to the terms of
transfer) on account of pay and allowance of Veterinary As-
sistant and interest on the initial cost of the hospital plus that
on the additional expenditure on buildings at 4½ per cent. is
Rs. 3,255 per annum. The net loss to Government was there-
fore Rs. 789 against the net profit of Rs. 75 during the
previous year. The question of raising the fees and charges
of this hospital is being considered in order to cover the
increased expenditure of the institution.
Part III.—Breeding Operations.
(1)
BOVINES.
Stud bulls.—Table VIII.
27. At the close of the year under report there were
1,537 stud bulls at work in the various
districts of the province against 1,440
last year.
There were 257 additions and 160 casualties.
Indents for 218 bulls were received during the year
from various districts, but only 185 could be selected at the
time of distribution at the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar.
Twenty bulls were subsequently selected and taken by the
Gurgaon District and 10 were obtained direct by the Amritsar
District Board: thus the total number of Hissar bulls issued
during the year under report comes to 215.
The details of the bulls shown in column 3 of the table
are given below:—
Hissar bred
Dhanni
Dajal
...
Subsidised bulls
...
...
...
...
Offered by private persons
...
...
...
...
...
Strayed bulls found during the year
... 215
... 3
... 3
...
25
... 2
... 9
257
C
18
Dhanni Cattle Breeding
Scheme.
28. At the close of the year there were 19 bulls enrolled
in the Attock District, 15 in the Jhelum
District and 12 in the Rawalpindi Dis-
trict, or 46 bulls in all.
On account of the excellent rainfall in these districts
fodder has been more plentiful and conditions generally
resumed their normal state after the lengthy period of
fodder famine which prevailed there. Large numbers of
Dhanni cattle which were taken away from the tract
during the fodder famine have since returned whilst many
have been sold and taken into other districts. The number
of coverings done by these specially selected bulls comes to
4,220 during the year which has been largest number since
the starting of the scheme in 1918.
With the small staff at our disposa' it is impossible to
trace all the progeny of these bulls, though over 2,400 have
been registered as now present within the Tract. Satis-
factory results are also anticipated from this year's
coverings.
The Superintendent, North Punjab, reports that economic
conditions have been so unfavourable in the Tract that if
the present scheme had not been started the breed would
have tended to disappear. There certainly is abundant
evidence from the zamindars of this area of how keenly they
appreciate the systematic efforts which have been made
under the scheme to save this famous breed. The constant
propaganda work done by the staff working in a compara-
tively small area has had beneficial results, more especially in
encouraging the retention within the Tract of as many of
the best cows and bulls as possible. The small financial
assistance which could be given under the scheme together
with such help as we were able to provide in organising a
supply of fodder during this period also helped considerably
in this direction.
The experience gained in working a cattle breeding
scheme in such a tract points to the necessity for fodder
conservation and the formation of reserve supplies of fodder
before any headway can be made even in the mere preserva-
tion of this very famous breed, for which there is such a
demand at fancy prices in the Northern Punjab and North-
West Frontier Province.
19
29. The number of approved bulls issued by the
Department this year for breeding purposes shows that
there is a steady demand for the services of such bulls not-
withstanding the very severe fodder shortage which prevail-
ed in certain districts about the time of the annual distribu-
tion. As noted, however, in last year's annual report it
must again be repeated that the number of approved bulls at
work is quite inadequate for the needs of the province, so
that to effect any appreciable improvement in the cattle
breeding situation it will be necessary to largely increase the
number of such bulls which find their way into the districts
annually. It is hoped that in course of time when these
bulls have left their mark on the cattle of the province that
more reliance can be placed on the village progeny, mean-
while we can only reckon progress on the number of
approved bulls employed for breeding purposes in the
districts.
The Department has a definite policy with regard to
cattle breeding which it is steadily pursuing, namely, the
preservation and improvement of the indigenous breeds of
the province by a process of selection from amongst the
best specimens procurable. By the very thorough applica-
tion of this policy on the Hissar Cattle Breeding Farm the
famous Hissar breed has been established, the progeny of
which are so popular throughout the canal irrigated tracts
of the province. Likewise for the Hariana, Dhanni and
Montgomery breeds, schemes for their improvement are in
progress which are merely a duplicate on a large scale
through the agency of the local cattle breeders in the villages
of what has already been done on the Hissar Farm.
The Department is fully alive to the necessity of aiming
at breeding higher milk yielding cows in greater numbers
than are now available and in the selection of stud bulls the
milk pedigree is carefully noted. Our further plans in this
direction are largely governed by the staff and funds avail-
able for this work. It is intended that all the breeding
farms responsible for the:ssue of stud bulls to the distrcts
should be given facilities to maintain accurate milk records
of the herd cows with a view to more careful selection for
milk yield. An arrangement has recently been made by
which one of our largest herds of Montgomery cows number-
ing 500 will shortly be put under a milking test to be
c2