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or both eyelids may be affected simultaneously. I have observed serous effusion
beneath the vulval mucous membrane, but petechiae were very seldom present and, when
seen, are simple, very small blood points. The irritation of these parts is, however,
shown by frequent symptoms of " horsing ;" indeed in mares there is almost always
in this disease a little reddish brown fluid dried about the external generative orifice,
which discharge persists throughout the attack. The parallel to this sexual phenomenon
of mares is seen in male animals as frequent and quite uncalled-for erections of the penis,
which may be due to irritation of the erection centre in the cord, but possibly also is
associated with the formation of blood-clots in the erectile structure of the penis,
which organ latterly in the attack remains permanently slightly protruded and turgid,
or there may be embolic plugging of its vessels; sometimes slight dropsy occurs
beneath the sternum, and all injuries are very liable to dropsical complications. Slight
oedema of the limbs occasionally occurred in my cases, and in one acute case there
was considerable anasarca, the swelling involving all the four legs and the whole
under-surface of the body, and it disappeared with remarkable suddenness after the
animal fell for the last time. However, throughout the disease there is not such
an amount of dropsy as might have been anticipated from the depraved condition
of the blood. In my cases dropsy has been the exception, not the rule. The
irritation occurring in the membrane of the eye is denoted early by profuse lachry-
mation. The tears overflow the eyelid and trickle over the face and there dry,
leaving a peculiar white saline and albuminous mark. Generally some of the surplus
tears trickle through the nose, but sometimes, probably as a complication, there is
an ordinary mucous discharge which may be slight or profuse. The occurrence of
successive crops of petechiæ, especially in the conjunctivae, is very characteristic of the
disease. I have carefully studied the relations of these blood-spots in character,
number, and time of appearance to the presence of parasites and the degree of fever.
They vary much in appearance in different cases and at various times. They range
from simple small spots of fresh blood or from faint very diffused extravasations of
blood to extensive blood accumulations outside the vessels of a dark purple color,
changing gradually to a fresher red as they clear away. This removal of the escaped
blood takes place in every case and thoroughly, so much so that at times the conjunc-
tiva looks perfectly normal and healthily moist. The spots are most readily detectable
on the portion of membrane which covers the haw, but are by no means confined to there,
for they invade all parts of the membrane. They are generally either very few or
perfectly absent when the parasites are active in the blood, and hence it occurs that
their period of invasion is generally at the crisis of the fever, and that they are numer-
ous and well marked during the decline and least fever stages. Whether they depend
on migration of the parasites or on vessels plugged by them giving way I cannot say,
but, from the time of their occurrence and the purple color so often assumed by them,
and in which respect they differ considerably from the petechias of simple anaemia,
I am inclined to consider that they result from these causes. I have carefully examined,
by use of the microscope, the lachrymal secretion and the gelatinous mucus which
collects at the inner canthus, but have detected nothing abnormal in them, and certainly
spirilloids, as such, are not present. I have not tried inoculation with them. These spots
may perhaps be associated with disorder of the spleen, such as is generally found, after
death, to have been present. Possibly the enlargement of that organ is indicated during
life by the animal, as he sometimes does, turning his head to the left and biting over the
hypochondrium. This symptom I for a long time thought was an indication of gastric
ulceration until I found it present a few days before death in an animal of which the
stomach proved to be not diseased. In some cases the submaxillary lymphatic glands
become somewhat swollen without any lesion of mouth or nostril to account for it. I
have never seen it lead to abscess of the gland nor even to a very painfully tense
condition of it. I am inclined to consider this symptom due to the same causes as are
in operation to produce the general engorgement of the lymph glands which I have
found on post-mortem examination and markedly before death in my dog. On studying
this symptom in relation to others, I find that it is of so unfrequent occurrence as to
prevent its being considered of much importance in the progress of the case,
and there are no evidences to lead to the conclusion that it is indicative of a tendency
of the parasites to desert the blood channels for the lymph system in accordance
with phases of their life-history. The appetite is excessive throughout the attack ;