NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
7
Admi ssi ons.
4. Eighty students of the following categories were
admitted on May 1st:—
Military Department......
Army Remount Department......
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh stipendiaries...
Central Provinces stipendiaries......
Baluchistan Agency stipendiaries......
Andamans Government stipendiaries......
Native States
stipendiaries......
*Punjab Civil Students......
13
12
4
3
2
1
6
39
*El even of these had performed meritorious war service.
Course of study.
5. The course of study at the College is 3 years in
Urdu at present. As stated in last
year's report a four years' course in
English is to be adopted. The orders of Government for its
commencement are awaited. Owing to the deputation of
the officers of the College for training in other branches no
post graduate classes could be held.
Exami nat i on results.
6. Supplementary examinations were held in June as
usual. The results were as follows:—
First year
Second „
Third „
8 examined
... 1 „
... 2 „
... 8 passed.
... Nil „
... 2 „
The results of the annual examinations held in March
and April were as follows:—
First year
Second „
Third „
... 75 examined
... 74 „
... 67
... 64 passed.
... 62 „
... 56 „
The percentage of passes was 85.3, 83.7 and 83.5 per
cent., respectively.
The Board of Examiners reported that the results were
very satisfactory.
Dressers' class.
7. Seven dressers were trained during the vaca-
tion.
Farriors' class.
8. During the year under report sixteen farriers
were trained. Most of the men were
sent from Imperial Service units.
8
Hospital.
9. The attendance at the hospital during the year was
as follows:—
In-patients, 1,297 against 1,280 in the previous
year.
Out-patients, 1,790 against 1,904 in the previous
year.
In addition to the above 521 in-patients and 458 out-
patients were treated in the dog hospital.
Contagious Ward.
10. Two hundered and twenty cases were treated in
the contagious ward. Thirty-one dogs
were subjected to anti-rabic treatment.
Since this prophylactic treatment has been adopted 224
dogs have been treated and, as far as can be ascertained,
there have been only 9 failures. In addition 5 horses and
1 cow have been successfully treated.
Mr. Cross, the Camel Specialist, kindly supplied some
camels suffering from surra to enable his system of treat-
ment to be demonstrated.
Income.
11. The income during the year amounted to
Rs. 21,567 against Rs. 20,612 in the
previous year.
Hospital outstandings amounting to Rs. 349 have been
written off as irrecoverable. The outstandings at the end
of the year under report amounted to Rs. 1,137, most of
which are realisable.
It has been arranged that payment in advance shall be
the general rule in future.
Expenditure.
12. The expenditure for the year amounted to Rs.
1,41,273 against Rs. 1,34,882 in the
previous year. The increase is account-
ed for by the increase in pay of certain establishments and
the rise in price of requisites.
General remarks.
13. The health and behaviour of the students were
satisfactory. The average number re-
siding in the hostel was 159.
The use of the play ground had to be restricted owing
to the drought but it is an asset to the institution and it is
appreciated.
The number of changes in the superior staff were not
conducive to continuity of work, but the circumstances were
9
exceptional. The Principal wishes to acknowledge appre-
ciatively the work of the members of the staff during the
year.
Report on the Civil Veterinary Department,
Punjab, for the year 1920-21.
BY MR. T. F. QUIRKE, M.R.C.V.S., CHIEF
SUPERINTENDENT.
PART I.—Administration.
1. The following statement shows the names of officers
who held charge of the several appointments and the amount
of touring performed by themduring the year under report:—
Name of appointment.
Chi ef Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Punjab.
Offi cer under training
Ditto
Ditto
Deput y Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Lahore.
Offi ci at i ng Deput y Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary
Department, Lahore.
Offi ci at i ng Superintendent,
Ci vi l Veterinary Depart-
ment, Sout h Punjab.
Offi ci at i ng Deput y Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary
Department, Sout h Pun-
jab, Ferozepore.
Superintendent, Civil Veteri-
nary Department, Sout h
Punjab.
Deput y Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Ferozepore.
Superintendent, Civil Veteri-
nary Department, Nort h
Punjab.
Deput y Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Rawalpindi.
Name of officer.
Mr. T. F. Quirke.
Captain U. W. F.
Walker.
Captain E. Sewel l
Captain K. J. S.
Dowl and.
Pandit Janki Nat h
M. Talib Ali ...
Rai Sahi b Lala
Kot u Ram.
Pandit Janki Nath
Maj or F. G. Sykes.
Rai Sahi b Lala
Kot u Ram.
Mr. J. S. Garewal
M. Talib Khan ...
Dates of hold-
ing charge.
1st April 1920
to 31st March
1921.
11t h August
1920 to 14th
Oct ober 1920.
16th December
1929 to 28th
February 1921.
3rd March 1921
to 31st March
1921.
23rd Oct ober
1920.
27t h Jaunary
1921 to 31st
March 1921.
1st April 1920
to 30th Sept em-
ber 1920.
Ditto
1st Oct ober 1920
to 31st March
1921. Ditto
1st April 1920
to 31st March
1921.
18th Oct ober
1920 to 31st
March 1921.
Number of days
spent on tour.
175
51
15
9
...
42
123
98
85
133
96
92
NUMBER OF
MI LES.
By
rail.
10, 520
730
1, 585
456
...
1, 344
9, 919
5, 647
4, 841
6, 945
5, 555
3, 620
By
road.
1, 852
332
175
130
507
1, 492
1, 005
9, 061
2, 351
1, 880
759
C
10
While on combined leave the demise of Colonel Farmer,
C.I.E., took place in Dublin on 29th August 1920. His
death has caused an almost irreparable loss to the veteri-
nary profession in general, and to the Civil Veterinary De-
partment in particular. He was a most untiring worker
and there is little doubt that his devotion to duty contri-
buted much to his early death.
Major F.G. Sykes, R.A.V.C., Deputy Assistant Director
of Veterinary Services, Army Headquarters, Simla, having
been demobilised on completion of Military service, was
appointed temporarily for 3 years on a special agreement,
and assumed charge of the office of the Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Department, South Punjab at Ferozepore, on
the forenoon of 1st October 1920, relieving Rai Sahib Lala
Kotu Ram, who held officiating charge Pandit Janki Nath
continued to officiate as Deputy Superintendent in place of
Rai Sahib Lala Kotu Ram form 1st April 1920 to 30th
September 1920, daring which period the latter officiated as
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary
Department, South
Punjab. The former remained in semi-independent charge
of Montgomery, Multan, Lyallpur, Jhang, Muzaffargarh and
Dera Ghazi Khan districts with his headquarters at
Ferozepore.
2. The two vacant posts of Deputy Superintendents
were filled up during the year by M. Talib Khan and
Pandit Janki Nath. The former took over charge of the
duties of Deputy Superintendent at Rawalpindi on 18th
October 1920, and the latter at Lahore on 23rd idem.
Consequent upon the deputation of Pandit Janki Nath to
Punjab Veterinary College, Lahore to officiate as Professor
of Bovine Pathology and Obstetrics, M. Talib Ali was
appointed as officiating Deputy Superintendent with effect
from 27th January 1921. He held the appointment up to
the end of the year under report.
3. Arrangements were made for the separation of
North-West Frontier Province from 1st April 1921, but
owing to the stringency of funds it had to be postponed for
another year. It is hoped that the North-West Frontier
Province Government will make a special effort to arrange
for a separate officer from the beginning of the next financial
year 1922-23. The introduction of the Dhanni Cattle
Breeding Scheme in the Dhanni Tract, and the steady
demand for increased veterinary supervision in the districts
11
of the North Punjab require the services of a full time
officer with as little delay as possible.
4. As usual the Chief Superintendent, Superintendents
and the Deputy Superintendents toured in their respective
circles in connection with horse and cattle breeding,
investigation of contagious diseases, and for the inspection
of veterinary hospitals, etc. Towards the end of February
1921, the officers of this Department were relieved of the
control of infectious equine diseases in the Lahore and
Rawalpindi Army Remount Department horse breeding
circles, which was undertaken by the Civil Veterinary
Department on the outbreak of war at the request of the
Director-General, Army Remount Department. In the
course of their tours the officers of the Civil Veterinary
Department make a special point of interviewing district
officers and all representative zamindars on the veterinary
requirements of the districts. The Chief Superintendent
inspected the following veterinary hospitals outside his own
circle:—
Delhi, Simla, Rawalpindi, Murree, Jalalabad, Ferozepore,
Shahpur, Khushab, Montgomery, Pakpattan, Okara,
Lyallpur, Jhelum, Gujar Khan and Chakwal.
He visited the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, on
three occasions, and attended the following cattle fairs in
the South Punjab Circle:—
(1) Montgomery Cattle Fair.
(2) Lyallpur Cattle Fair.
The following Cattle-breeding Farms in the Lower Bari
Doab Canal Colony were regularly inspected by him:—
(1) Risaldar-Major Fazal Dad Khan's Farm.
(2) Chaudhri Jehangir Khan's Farm.
(3) M. Ghulam Qadir Khan's Farm.
(4) Chaudhri Allah Dad Khan's Farm.
(5) Bhai Mahla Singh's Farm.
The Kaliana Montgomery Cattle-breeding Farm was
also inspected twice. Once was in company with the
Financial Commissioner, to consider renewal of the farm
lease, which expired during the year. The Chief Superin-
tendent acted on the Board of Examiners at the Punjab
Veterinary College.
12
PART II.—Treatment of Diseases.
I.—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Mortality—Table II.
5. During the year under report 25,200 deaths from
contagious diseases were reported in
the province against 56,089 in the
previous year.
The striking decrease in the mortality figures is
attributable to the dry season. The percentage mortality
however among animals attacked was relatively high this
year, owing to the generally poor condition of the animals
which fell victims to disease.
I (a).—Equine.
Glanders-Table II.
6. During the year under report no case of Glanders
was dealt with by this Department.
There were 15 cases of this disease in
the Gurdaspur District last year. The non appearance of
Glanders during the year is satisfactory.
Anthrax—Table II.
7. As last year no case of Anthrax was reported during
the year.
Surra—Table II.
8. During the year under report 37 deaths took place
from Surra against 65 in the previous
year. The dry season was peculiarly
unfavourable to the spread of the disease: and this accounted
for the comparative freedom of the Province this year from
this disease.
Dourine—Table II.
9. No case of Dourine was reported during the year.
It is satisfactory to be able to record a
complete cessation of this disease in the
Province after the thorough measures which were taken
for its suppression by this Department in 1919.
Other contagious dis-
eases—Table II.
10. During the year under report no death from other
contagious diseases was reported. Last
year one death from strangles and three
from Influenza were reported from
Ferozepore and Muzaffargarh districts, respectively.
I (b) —Bovines.
Rinderpest—Tabl II.
11. Rinderpest occurred in all the districts of the
Province: 14,594 deaths were reported
from this disease against 42,155 in the
previous year. The most serious losses occurred in the
Multan, Muzaffargarh and Lahore districts.
13
Anti-Rinderpest inocula-
tions.—Table. III.
12. Anti-Rinderpest inoculations, were performed in 524
out-breaks and 115,584 animals were
inoculated against 816 out-breaks and
106,626 inoculations in the previous year. An encouraging
feature in the progress of preventive inoculations is the fact
that a larger percentage of the cattle in affected villages is
being inoculated than formerly. The persistent propaganda
work which is being done by the Department with regard to
contagious diseases and their prevention is beginning to
bear fruit.
In certain villages individuals are still met who, until
the disease has actually claimed its victims amongst the animal
of their own compound, are unwilling to permit inocula-
tion of their animals as a preventive measure. Public feeling
is, however, steadily overcoming those prejudices where the
people are beginning to realise that, for their own protection,
they must insist on their neighbours' cattle being inoculated
as well as their own.
Foot and Mouth disease —
Table II.
13. During the year under report 301 animals died
from foot and mouth disease, against
2,592 in the previons year. This disease
was prevalent in 19 districts of the province: of them Gurgaon
suffered the most. As usual necessary measures to check
the disease were adopted by the subordinate veterinary
staff. The concession which has been given to owners of flocks
of being able to obtain the necessary medicines for affected
animals on application at veterinary hospitals is being appre-
ciated by them. In view of the economic importance of the
prevention of this disease, the extension of this system of free
distribution of che p curative medicines is now being consi-
dered for the more important sheep-breeding districts.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia—
Table II.
14. During the year under report Hæmorrhagic Septi-
cæmia appeared in all the districts of
the Province except Simla; 4,459 deaths
took place against 6,319 in the previous year. This disease,
which is accountable for a very heavy mortality (75 per cent
and over of affected animals), is generally more prevalent in
wet years; it invariably runs such a rapid course that it allows
very little opportunity under the present unsatisfactory
system of reporting by Patwaris to have inoculation carried
out in time by the staff.
C2
14
Preventive inoculations—
Table III.
15. Preventive inoculations against Hæmorrhagic Sep-
ticæmia were performed in 50 out-breaks,
and 13,279 animals were inoculated,
against 73 out-breaks and 18,741 inoculations during the
preceding year.
Preventive Vaccinations
—Table III.
16. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccinations were per-
formed on 47,551 animals in 232 villages
of 20 districts against 57,336 animals
in 213 villages of 18 districts during the previous year. The
highest number of vaccinations was performed in Multan
District, where 8,415 animals were vaccinated against this
disease. The practice which has been adopted of regularly
carrying out every year before the rainy season the vaccinat-
ion of animals in low-lying villages liable to visitations of
this disease is finding favour with zamindars in these areas,
The extension of such preventive measures will depend on the
staff, available, as to gain the maximum advantage, it is
necessary to complete the work within a short period before
the breaking of the rains.
Black-quarter—Table II.
17. During the year under report 604 deaths were
reported from this disease, against 242
during the previous year. The heaviest
mortality occurred in the Dhanni Tract of the Attock Dis-
trict, where the disease is endemic. An arrangement has
now been made with the Imperial Bacteriologist for the
preparation of a suitable vaccine from local strains of the
Black-quarter organism, from which it is hoped that satisfac-
tory results in vaccination will be the rule in future.
Vaccinations against
Black-quarter—Table III.
18. Vaccinations against Black-quarter were perform-
ed on 6,380 animals as compared with
2,912 in the previous year. Owing to
the shortage of staff it is not possible to undertake the
regular vaccination of all young cattle in the affected areas;
though this is highly desirable, especially in the Dhanni
Tract where the mortality is greatest.
Other contagious diseases
—Table II.
19. During the year under report 208 deaths took
place amongst bovines from 'other"
contagious diseases, compared with 516
in the previous year. These include
sheep-pox, liver fluke, mange, etc.
16
I (c)—Other animals.
Mortality—Table II.
20. The following contagious diseases occurred in
"other animals" during the year under
report:—
Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth disease, Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia, Black-quarter, sheep-pox, goat-pox,
and liver fluke.
In all 4,997 deaths took place against 4,178 in the
previous year.
II.—OTHER DISEASES.
Treatment of diseases in
villages—Table IV.
21. During the year under report 13,167 villages were
visited by Veterinary Assistants on
tour, 72,182 animals were treated and
17,806 were castrated, against 15,490
villages, 214,491 cases and 20,198 castrations during the
previous year. The touring work of the staff is being well
maintained, though there has not been the same demands on
the staff this year, which was comparatively healthy, as in
last year, when disease was particularly rife in the province.
III.—VETERINARY HOSPITALS.
Number of Veterinary
Hospitals—Table V.
22. In the beginning of the year there were 131
veterinary hospitals and 6 dispensaries
in the province. During the year
under report 8 new hospitals were
started at the following places:—
(1) Chak No. 36-G. in Lyallpur District.
(2) Sandianwala in Lyallpur District.
(3) Mandi Dabwali in Hissar District.
(4) Barara in Ambala District.
(5) Rai Kote in Ludhiana District.
(6) Kanganpur in Lahore District.
(7) Sheikhupura in Sheikhupura District.
(8) Daulatala in Rawalpindi District.
Thus at the end of the year there were 139 veterinary
hospitals and 5 dispensaries in the province (the temporary
dispensary at Kotgarh, Simla District, has been excluded
16
this year). The addition of the above hospitals, with more
to follow in the near future, is a further proof of the steady
growth of appreciation of the Department's work shown by
Punjabi peasants. It is interesting to note here the reso-
lution recently passed by the Lyallpur District Muslim
Zamindars' Association, requesting the opening of a veteri-
nary hospital in each zail of the district.
Work at
Veterinary
Hospitals—Table V.
23. The total number of animals treated both in the
hospitals and dispensaries of the pro-
vince was 33,407, against 319,712
during the previous year: 39,443
cases, against 116,429 last year, were supplied with medicines,
but not brought to hospitals: and 13,791 castrations were
performed in these institutions, against 12,397 last year. It
is satisfactory to note that the attendance at the hospitals
is being well maintained, and that advantage is being taken
of the facilities offered for the proper treatment of sick
animals.
Building of Veterinary
Hospitals.
24. Some hospitals are still accommodated in hired and
temporary quarters, but permanent
buildings are gradually being provided.
The Government allotment of Rs.
48,000 out of wheat profits was distributed and placed at
the disposal of the following districts:—
(1) Rawalpindi, (2) Gujrat, (3) Attock, (4) Mian-
wali, (5) Shahpur, (6) Jhelum, (7) Lahore, (8)
Amritsar, (9) Hoshiarpur, (10) Gurdaspur, (11)
Gujranwala, (12) Muzaffargarh, (13) Dera Ghazi
Khan, (14) Multan, (15) Montgomery and (16)
Lyallpur.
All the District Boards have promised to supplement
the Government grant from their own resources, so that,
with the further aid of private contributions obtained from
local subscribers, it is hoped that the work of constructing
new, and improving existing, veterinary hospitals will be
pushed on during the current year.
Simla Veterinary Hospi-
tals.
25. The receipts and expenditure of Simla Veterinary
hospital during the year under report
were Rs. 10,489 and Rs. 7,824, respec-
tively, against Rs. 9,485 and Rs. 6,815
during the previous year. The surplus of income over
expenditure was Rs. 2,665 against Rs. 2,670 for the last
year. The balance (Rs. 2,665) to be credited to Govern-
17
ment was Rs. 75 more than the fixed amount of Rs. 2,590
which it is necessary for the institution to pay annually,
according to the terms of the transfer. Last year the net
profit was Rs. 526.
PART III.—Breeding Operations.
I.—BOVINES.
Stud bulls-Table VIII.
26. At the close of the year under report there were
1,440 stud bulls at work in the various
districts of the province, against 1,352
last year. There were 261 additions and 173 casualties.
Indents for 239 bulls were received during the year from
various districts, and all were fully complied with by the
Government Cattle Farm, Hissar. Two bulls purchased by
the Multan District were further sold to a private person,
Sayad Riaz Hussain, and are therefore not shown in column
3 of Table VIII. The detail of the bulls shown in this
column is given below:—
Hissar
breed...
Montgomery breed...
Dhanni
breed...
Offered by private persons...
Purchased
locally...
Camel stallions...
Strayed bulls found during the year ...
Total ...
236
1
7
2
1
2
12
261
It will be noticed that a record number of Hissar
bulls has been issued from the Hissar Farm to the districts
this year, in spite of the very severe shortage of fodder
which made it necessary for certain District Boards to
considerably curtail their indents. The heavy decrease, 1.9
millions in the number of cattle in the province, as revealed
by the recent cattle census has caused a revival of interest
in the cattle-breeding situation, from which it is hoped some
practical good will result.
With the prevailing high rates for all kinds of fodder, and
the spread of intensive cultivation of lands in the province,
the number of cattle kept for breeding purposes is bound to
undergo reduction. Cultivators who have to stall feed their
cattle learn that it does not pay to keep more than are
sufficient for their own requirements. The common sense
18
method of dealing with the situation is to increase the effi
ciency of our animals for the work required of them by the
j udicious distribution of a large number of good bulls for
breeding purposes in the districts.
Efforts in this direction have been considerably hampered
through want of funds. The present system under
which funds are obtained for cattle-breeding is too precar-
ious, dependant as we are altogether on the resources of the
District Boards, on which there is already a heavy demand
for objects which are popularly supposed to be more impor-
tant than cattle-breeding.
It has been suggested to prosperous agricultural co-
operative societies that the purchase of bulls would be
a profitable outlet for their surplus funds, and I am glad to
say the idea is gaining ground. If, as pointed out by the
Director of Agriculture, in his review on cattle-breeding last
year, the number of stud bulls required in the Province
comes to fifty thousand, our present rate of progress at about
roughly two hundred per year requires to be quickened by
some more efficient method of securing the necessary funds.
In view of the economic importance of cattle-breeding I
would suggest that Government might come to the assistance
of the District Boards in the purchase of stud bulls.
It is a matter for consideration whether in view of the
large sums expended by Government on takkavi it would
not be better to devote more attention to the preservation of
cattle by the storing and importation of fodder in the
more important cattle-breeding centres. The two most
important cattle-breeding centres in the Punjab are the
Hariana and Dhanni Tracts, both of which are subject to
drought, yet up to date no adequate provision has been made
against the loss of valuable cattle which occurs in these areas
in times of fodder scarcity. Experience has shown in the
working of the Dhanni Breeding Scheme in the Dhanni
Tract that the effects of a good year are undone in the next
when there is shortage of fodder. It is clear that in view
of the serious decrease in the number of cattle, the
cattle resources of these important tracts should be carefully
safeguarded by making adequate provision against fodder
famine, and the necessary steps to ensure this should be
taken with as little delay as possible.
Attention has been drawn to the gradual disappearance
of the valuable Montgomery milch breed of cattle from the