NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
8
18. Tetanus.—Cases of this disease occur owing to the application by
the owners of fœcal matter to wounds.
Bovines.
Table II.
19. 29,850 deaths from contagious diseases were reported against
25,030 last year.
The large majority of deaths is due to Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia, which
is generally prevalent during a year of good rains.
Table II.
Table III.
20. Rinderpest.—During the year under report 7,294 deaths were re-
ported from rinderpest against 12,713 last year. Anti-
rinderpest inoculations were carried out in 159 outbreaks
and 29,891 animals were inoculated. Without doubt this method of dealing
with outbreaks is growing more popular yearly. Cases still occur where the
owners refuse inoculation. It was unfortunate that anti-rinderpest serum
was short owing to the breaking down of the machinery at Muktesar.
Table II.
Table III.
21. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia accounted for 19,531 deaths against
10,663 in the previous year. This is a very serious diseas e
as animals very quickly succumb. As during the past
year lectures have been given regarding prevention, 24,065 inoculations
against this disease have been performed.
Table II,
22. Foot and Mouth Disease.—521 deaths were reported, against 706
last year. The villagers have been shown a simple method
of dealing with the disease.
Table II.
Table III.
23. Black Quarter.—Deaths 2,007 in number were reported, and 981
vaccinations were performed during the year.
Table II,
24. Anthrax.-Seventy
deaths were reported during the year, but the
disease after microscopic investigation was not confirmed.
(II)—OTHER DISEASES AND CASTRATIONS.
25. Other Diseases and Castrations.—During the year many villages
were visited by the Chief Superintendent, Superintendents, Deputy Superin-
tendent and Veterinary Inspectors, lectures given and animals treated. The
cases attended are not shown in the table.
Table IV.
Castrations performed were 19,991 against 15,154 last year. These
number do not include those done in hospitals. Con-
sidering the shortage of Veterinary Assistants the number
of operations performed is very creditable. Owners are full of praise regarding
the scientific method,
26. Cruelty Cases.—This Department has done a great deal during the
year. A large number of cases have been treated without chalaning owners.
(III).—VETERINARY HOSPITALS.
Table V.
27. At the close of the year under report there were 120 hospitals in
the Province against 114. The hospital at Kot Khai,
Simla District, had to be closed owing to the shortage of
Veterinary Assistants,
28. The new Hospital at Dalhousie has been built, but stables and dog
boxes have yet to be made. The Chief Superintendent has to thank the Com-
missioner and Deputy Commissioner for their help in so kindly subscribing
towards the hospital, and he also acknowledges with thanks the subscriptions
paid into the Punjab Bank which has enabled him to purchase medicines and
instruments for the hospital. A small balance of Rs. 500 is left, and more
is being collected to complete the work.
11
Part IV.—Subordinate Establishment.
Table VII.
48. The sanctioned strength of the subordinate establishment at the
end of the year was:—
Veterinary Inspectors ... ... ...
Veterinary Assistants, 1st grade ... ... ...
Veterinary Assistants, 2nd grade ... ...
Veterinary Assistants, 3rd grade ... ...
Total ... ...
18
37
75
75
205
49. Out of this number 27 men were transferred to the Military
Department in November 1914.
Part V.—Expenditure.
50. The expenditure of the Department is shown in Table XIV (a)
which has been supplied by the Accountant-General.
Part VI.—General Remarks.
51. The Chief Superintendent's thanks are due to Messrs. Taylor and
Meadows for their support in the work of the Department, and to Mr. King,
C.I.E., Deputy Commissioner, Amritsar and Mr. H. P. Tollinton, Deputy Com-
missioner of Lahore, for their assistance in dealing with glanders.
REPORT ON THE GOVERNMENT CATTLE FARM, HISSAR,
A.–– REVIEW OF THE CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT.
The year under report has been a good one, and the results are very
satisfactory.
Owing to the good rains and careful management 10,000 maunds of
hay were saved. The cultivation produced nearly all the fodder necessary for
the stall feeding of animals.
The number of bulls issued to the districts is larger than in any previous
year. If it was not for the farm the supply of good bulls to districts would be
a very difficult matter.
There has been a considerable amount of disease on the farm, but good
management has prevented a heavier mortality.
The Farm is a very unpopular post for Veterinary Assistants as they
are worse off and harder worked than in the districts. It is hoped that quarters
will be built for them very soon and in the meantime their previous local allow-
ance be sanctioned. This does not apply to men sent to Hissar for slackness
in district work.
A new hospital is necessary as the present one is inadequate and badly
situated.
Mr. Branford deserves credit for his work during the year,
B.––REPORT BY MR. R. BRANFORD, SUPERINTENDENT, CATTLE FARM, HISSAR .
1. The Farm was under my charge for the whole of the year under
report.
2. Captain R. Morris, whose first appointment to the Farm dates from
15th March 1888, attained the age of 55 years on June 28th, and consequently
retired after a long and meritorious career from his post of Farm Overseer.
Fortunately Captain Morris' services have not been lost to the Farm, as he
was re-appointed to the vacant post of Deputy Superintendent on July 20th.
Veterinary Assistant Ghulam Hussain was promoted to fill the vacant
post of Farm Overseer, a promotion he thoroughly deserved.
3. The rains broke on July 5th, and, for the first season since 1910,
were on the whole very good. A rather prolonged break in the rains occurred
after the middle of August, but heavy rain in September ensured a plentiful
supply of grazing.
13
although several had severe typical attacks of the dis-
ease. The weather throughout June was excessively
hot.
(b) Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.— Fifty-seven deaths occurred from this
disease, the largest number for several years. Nearly all
the deaths were amongst calves about four months old and
occurred during a severe epidemic of the disease in Septem-
ber. The disease began early in the month at Babran where
the cows are usually kept during the rains in thorn Kraals,
and at first cases occurred singly at intervals in the endemic
form of the disease usual here. The usually effective mea-
sures of segregation proving ineffective; serum was tele-
graphed for, and 297 animals were inoculated. The serum
had the effect of at once stopping the outbreak, but in the
meantime the disease had become epidemic and deaths oc-
curred daily in numbers till all in contact had been inocu-
lated.
While waiting for serum some of the various treatments
which have recently been recommended for the disease
were tried, notably Pot. permanganate
by the
mouth, and injunctions of iodine dissolved in Pot.
iodine. One animal recovered after iodine injections,
the remaining treated animals all died. One animal
recovered without any treatment at all, and so far as
the experience of this outbreak goes to show no useful
medicinal treatment for the disease in the field has yet
been discovered.
It is to be hoped that the Imperial Bacteriological
Laboratory will eventually be able to elaborate a
vaccine for this disease, producing an immunity long
enough to tide animals ever their period of maximum
susceptibility. There is no doubt that calves are far
more susceptible to this disease than mature animals.
The above two outbreaks involved the Veterinary Staff
of the Farm in much extra work at a very trying time of
year. The affected animals in both cases were isolated
at a distance of over 5 miles from headquarters.
Seven hundred and thirty-six animals were inoculated
and without a single accident. No one not conversant
with the difficulty of rounding up and catching wild
stock like that on this Farm, can realise how credit-
able a result this is.
(c) Black Quarter was responsible for 7 deaths only, considerably
less than the average of recent years. All young stock are
inoculated against this disease at the time of weaning with
a vaccine issued by the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory.
(d) Foot and Mouth Disease occurred twice, as usual in the autumn
and early spring. Except amongst imported merino sheep,
the outbreaks were mild and of little consequence. Coming
at the end of the hot weather and rains before the imported
sheep had had time to pick up condition, the autumn out-
break was very severe amongst them. Most of them appear-
ed to have no power of resistance at all, but just laid down
and died on the first onset of symptoms.
(e) Strangles occurred in a mild form only and caused very little
trouble.
(f) Navel Ill.—Precautionary
measures proved very effective in
reducing losses from this disease.
(g) Sheep Scab which was discovered early in the cold weather, is,
as far as this Farm is concerned, a new disease.
14
The merino sheep, probably owing to the unusual quantity
of fatty matter in its wool, is specially liable to scab,
and probably the merino element in the farm sheep
was responsible for the difficulty experienced in eradi-
cating it.
The sheep have now all been dipped four times, and at
present there is no sign of any return of the disease.
(h) Equine Contagious Abortion.—This disease has been the cause of
serious loss to mule and donkey-breeding during the year.
Fourteen pony and 4 donkey mares are known to have
aborted during the year, probably all from this cause.
As a rule abortion from this cause occurs at an early
stage in pregnancy, when the fœtus is very small, and,
as usually the act is absolutely unaccompanied by
symptoms, undiscovered cases may have occurred on
the grazing grounds and constituted one of the factors
in the continuance of the disease.
Strict measures of segregation and disinfection have been
carried out in all discovered cases. One donkey and
one pony mare which had aborted were sent to the
Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory with a view to
experiments being made in the elaboration of a protec-
tive vaccine against the disease.
7. Table XVI shows the changes in the Farm stock during the year.
The following details are of interest:—
Herd Bulls.—Three young bulls entered during the year are very pro-
mising. One herd bull was sold to a private breeder in the
Punjab.
Supernumerary Bulls.—The following were issued during the year:—
To Punjab District Boards
...
...
...
To Saharanpore
Remount
Depôt...
...
...
Total ... ...
171
1
172
Male Produce.— Good grazing since last rains has improved these
animals, but some born at times of great scarcity are likely to
remain stunted. Five were sold to the United Provinces—
Muttra Farm.
Cows have been maintained at full strength throughout the year,
an are now in excellent condition.
Heifers suffered more from famine than any other farm stock,
but the younger animals have recovered well, and there will be
a large number of high class surplus animals for sale during the
next few years unless it is decided to increase the herd of cows.
A considerable number of slightly undersized animals were
sold by auction at very unremunerative prices owing to
the lack of local demand.
Eight were sold to the United Provinces.
Twenty-five to a private breeder in the Punjab.
Calves.—Eight hundred and forty-four were born during the year.
Those born after the cows had recovered from the hot weather
fodder famine are very promising.
Bullocks.—One hundred and twenty-one Siege Train Bullocks were
issued to the Military Department. Two were sold to the Canal
Department.
Mules.— Forty-nine were issued as follows :—
Ordnance
...
...
...
...
Transport
...
...
...
...
...
Battery baggage
...
...
...
24
22
3
15
Pony Mares.—There were 89 present at the end of the year, and
33 foals were born. The percentage of full time births would
have been much higher but for the outbreak of contagious
abortion.
Donkey Stallions.—One new stallion has been recently added, a very
promising Farm bred Colt No. 214. His measuresments
are:—
Height 13 H.
Girth 57".
Shank 7¼".
Donkey Colts.—Nine were issued during the year as follows:—
To Punjab ... ... ... ...
To United Provinces ... ... ...
To North-West Frontier Province ... ...
6
2
1
Sheep.—The prohibition of export after the outbreak of war caused
a big drop in the price of wool, but in spite of that the sale of
wool realised Rs. 1,548-11-6, a record for the Farm. During
the year 37 pure country ewes were purchased and mated with
a 3/4-bred merino ram, with the object of seeing to what extent
the wool is improved by this cross. The ¾-bred ram being the
type the Farm is now chiefly selling.
Mr. Taylor, Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, South Punjab,
visited the Farm in January, and purchased all available ½-bred merino ram
lambs for sheep breeders of Ferozepore and Montgomery Districts. A few
rams were sold in these districts in the two previous years and the increasing
demand is very encouraging.
The total number of ram lambs sold was 60, a very large increase on
any previous year.
8. Cultivation.—During the year—
44,762
24,926
4,947
5,645
2,725
2,348
4,696
54
5,154
126
905
50
maunds of green jowar
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„ Kirby jowar
„ oat hay and oats-in-straw
„ Ensilage
„ lucerne
„ oats
„ oat bhoosa
„ gowar
„ green grass
„ green gowar
„ green oats
„ gowar bhoosa.
of an approximate value of Rs. 87,570 were received from the cultivation for
issue to stock.
From the 1st of April to the middle of July the demand for fodder
was very great, and, had the cultivation been unable to supply, it would have
been necessary to purchase at ruinously high rates to prevent a large head
of stock from dying of famine. The above figures reflect credit on the Farm
Bailiff, Mr. MacCutchan.
To attain them expensive work of jungle clearance had to be undertaken
over large areas to allow of increased cultivation. A considerably increased
quantity of Kirby jowar would have been saved but for the ravages of the
borer worm, which pest seems to become worse year by year.
Before the rains jowar is usually not much affected, and generally good
first cuttings are obtained from early sowings. But for the year under report
large areas of crop were more than half ruined during the rains.
At present, so far as I am aware no satisfactory method of dealing with
this pest has been discovered.
16
9. Hospital.—The average number of cases dressed daily was 64—
13 mules were castrated.
66 cattle were castrated,
Inoculations of 1,321 cattle were effected against rinderpest, hœmorrha-
gic septicœmia and black-quarter. During the year the Veterinary Staff of
the Hospital was changed. Veterinary Assistant Ghulam Hussain being
promoted to Farm Overseer, and Veterinary Assistant Muhammad Ashfaq
being promoted to Veterinary Inspector and transferred. A good deal of the
Farm Veterinary work is of rather a special nature, and the loss of these two
experienced men has been severely felt.
The Farm has always been an unpopular post among Veterinary Assist-
ants, as the work is heavy: free quarters are not provided, and there is no
compounder. Up to recently in consideration of. the above facts, Veterinary
Assistants received a local allowance of Rs. 10 a month. The abolition of
this allowance last year by Government has not tended to make the post
any more popular. There have been several changes in Veterinary Assistants
since the transfers mentioned above, and much of my own time and that of
the new Farm Overseer has been occupied in training freshly appointed
Veterinary Assistants.
Feroze Din, Veterinary Assistant of the Punjab Cadre, was attached
to the Hospital for a period of training in dressing cases, handling and casting
stock, isolations, etc.
A new Hospital building is urgently required, and plans and estimates
have been prepared and forwarded for sanction.
10. Workshop and machinery.—The only important addition to the
machinery was an 8-H. P. Marshall's Traction Engine, which arrived in parts
in June. The parts were successfully assembled by the Farm Fitter and Head
Blacksmith, and the engine was used to complete the threshing of the oats
crop after the rains.
By its means also the threshing and bruising machinery was transported
5 miles to Sally and used for threshing there.
Threshing can now be carried out much more economically than when
every seer of crop had to be carried to the site of the old stationary engine.
The engine is also capable of being used for steam ploughing and harrowing,
but at present we have no suitable plough for use with it.
The cart wheels made in the workshop with iron naves, on the transport
wheel pattern, are proving cheaper and more durable than ordinary country
wheels.
11. The filling of the post of Deputy Superintendent, vacant since
December 1909, has made an increase in general supervision possible: by which
all departments of the Farm, and especially the cultivation, have profited.
During the year in addition to one Veterinary Assistant on the
Punjab Cadre—
S. Kartar Singh of the Punjab Agricultural Department,
Mr. S. K. Mitra, Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
Bengal,
Mr. B. N. Das Gupta, Veterinary Inspector, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bengal, and
Mr. M. S. Chowdri, Veterinary Inspector, Civil. Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bengal,
were posted to the Farm for periods of training.
Captain Morris as Deputy Superintendent and M. Ghulam Hussain
as Farm Overseer have both worked satisfactorily in their new positions.
The work of the office has been satisfactory.
TABLES.
No.
I
II
III
IV
V
VII
VIII
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XIV-A
VI-A
VI-B
XVI
XVI-A
XVII
XVIII
Subject.
Statement showing the main results of the Punjab veterinary college ...
Statement showing the number of deaths from contagious diseases
amongst animals ... ... ... ... ...
Statement showing results of preventive inoculation ... ...
Statement showing the number of animals treated and castrated by veteri-
nary assistants on tour ... ... ... ...
Statement showing the number of animals treated at veterinary hospitals
and dispensaries
...
...
...
...
...
Statement showing the total st gth of subordinate veterinary staff em-
ployed ...
... ren ... ... ... ...
Return of stud bulls ... ... ... ...
Return of horse, pony and donkey stallions under local bodies ...
Services and produce of each class of horse, pony and donkey stallions
under local bodies ... ... ... ... ...
Statement showing average cost of feed, keep, attendance, etc., of horse,
pony and donkey stallions ... ... ... ...
Abstract of particulars regarding horse fairs and shows held in non-
selected districts ... ... ... ...
Abstract of particulars regarding cattle fairs and shows ... ...
Statement showing cost of the civil veterinary department ... ...
Expenditure by local bodies ... ... ... ...
Resources—local bodies ... ... ... ...
Return of animals on the Hissar cattle farm ... ...
Return of sheep on the Hissar cattle farm ... ...
Donkey and mule breeding on the Hissar farm ... ...
Abstract showing main results of the working of the Hissar farm
...
Page.
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
ib
vii
viii
ib
ix
x
xi
xii
xiii
xiv
xv
xvi
xvii
i
TABLE I.
STATEMENT SHOWI NG THE MAIN RESULTS OF THE PUNJAB VETERINARY COLLEGE, LAHORE, FOR THE YEAR 1914-15.
Name of the
institution.
1
Punjab Veteri-
nary College,
Lahore.
Name of course
of instruction,
if more than one
followed.
2
Diploma or three
years' course in
Urdu.
NUMBER OF STUDENTS
Admitted dur-
ing the year
beginning
April 1914.
Scholarship-holders.
3
17
Military
students and
others.
4
50
Passed final examination during the year
ending April 1915.
5
50
Failed to passed the final examination.
6
•
7
Remaining
under instruc-
tions at the end
of the year.
In ordinary course.
7
105
Instruction prolonged by
reason of failure to pass.
8
21
STUDENTS ADMITTED
DURING THE YEAR
CLASSED BY EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS.
Matriculated or with higher
qualifications.
3
Knowing some English, hut
not matriculated.
10
28
Knowing no English or
very little English.
11
36
RECEIPTS.
From fees.
12
Rs.
8,850
From other sources.
13
Rs.
3,983
Total.
14
Rs.
12,833
EXPENDITURE.
Salaries of instructing
staff.
15
Rs.
52,658
Other expenses.
16
Rs.
51,089
Total.
17
Rs.
1,03,747
EMPLOYMENT OF GRADUATES WHO
PASSED OUT DURING THE 3
YEARS PRECEDING.
Total number passed.
18
161
In service of Government
or local bodies.
19
142
In service of States, bodies
or institutions.
20
19
In private practice.
21
...
Number unemployed.
22
...
REMARKS.
23
iv
TABLE IV.
SHOWING THE NUMBER OF ANIMALS TREATED AND CASTRATED BY VETERINARY ASSISTANTS ON TOUR DURING 1914-15.
District.
1
Hissar ... ...
Rohtak ... ...
Gurgaon ... ...
Karnal ... ...
Ambala ... ...
Simla
Kangra ... ...
Hoshiarpur ...
Jullundur... ...
Ludhiana ... ...
Ferozepore ...
Lahore
... ...
Amritsar ... ...
Gurdaspur .. ....
Sialkot ... ...
Gujranwala ... ...
Gujrat ... ...
Shahpur ... ...
Jhelum ... ...
Rawalpindi ... ...
Attack ... ...
Mianwali ... ...
Montgomery
...
...
Lyallpur ... ...
Jhang ... ...
Multan ...
...
Muzaffargarh ...
Dera Ghazi Khan ...
Total ...
Number
of
villages
visited.
2
499
396
426
327
321
138
549
421
425
315
420
312
472
284
386
436
618
520
412
480
440
125
301
384
397
361
343
259
10,767
Number of Veterinary
Assistants employed.
3
6
5
6
5
5
2
7
5
5
4
6
4
6
6
6
6
4
5
3
5
4
3
5
4
3
6
6
5
137
CASTRATIONS PERFORMED.
Equines.
4
6
55
16
15
28
4
39
27
11
...
...
32
16
7
3
36
79
87
25
26
20
108
84
31
2
9
15
13
794
Bovines.
5
677
1,240
538
645
426
...
79
594
1,185
167
993
554
1,727
241
653
647
1,992
553
253
389
47
62
1,119
764
1,065
423
1,014
144
18,191
Others.
6
103
24
20
8
7
...
34
62
7
12
...
6
2
7
...
48
...
30
3
5
1
14
53
297
...
166
88
9
1,006
Total.
7
786
1,319
574
668
461
4
152
683
1,203
179
993
592
1,745
255
656
731
2,071
670
281
420
68
184
1,256
1,092
1,067
598
1,117
166
19,991
TREATED FOR CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Equines.
8
14
50
19
1
4
...
11
5
1
13
9
9
6
20
2
12
16
5
8
...
4
1
8
22
6
34
33
38
351
Bovines.
9
597
339
1,291
627
836
429
5,313
672
736
1,019
1,029
56
409
431
174
705
187
1,132
608
890
1,418
1,280
392
309
973
589
720
1,708
24,869
Others.
10
166
51
38
7
17
149
1,480
19
2
12
57
1
15
1
1
9
38
...
4
70
36
61
103
60
144
21
154
72
2,788
Total.
11
777
440
1,348
635
857
578
6,804
696
739
1,044
1,095
66
430
452
177
726
241
1,137
620
960
1,458
1,342
503
391
1,123
644
907
1,818
28,008
TREATED FOR NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Equines.
12
162
148
90
144
104
25
486
206
81
61
185
154
295
280
225
99
223
255
198
78
155
86
122
213
202
236
234
455
5,202
Bovines.
13
1,170
1,537
1,624
1,208
721
259
1,485
559
964
1,103
821
607
1,030
456
618
361
735
302
223
194
287
184
457
787
1,284
762
1,434
965
22,137
Others.
14
803
86
18
15
42
17
1,017
20
7
49
45
8
294
25
13
47
121
58
38
38
62
45
95
68
101
139
335
224
3,830
Total.
15
2,135
1,771
1,732
1,367
867
301
2,988
785
1,052
1,213
1,051
769
1,619
761
856
507
1,079
615
459
310
504
315
674
1,068
1,587
1,137
2,003
1,644
31,169
Total number of cases
treated and castrations
performed.
16
3,698
3,530
3,654
2,670
2,185
883
9,944
2,164
2,994
2,436
3,139
1,427
3,794
1,468
1,689
1,964
3,391
2,422
1,360
1,690
2,030
1,841
2,433
2,551
3,777
2,379
4,027
3,628
79,168
REMARKS.
17