NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
4
I must refer especially to the grants for the breeding
of Dhanni Cattle of 4,200 and 2,880 made by Govern-
ment from Wheat Profits to the District Boards of Attock
and Jhelum. The Rawalpindi District Board has also start-
ed a Dhanni breeding scheme without direct assistance.
The numbers of District Board and subsidised Dhanni
bulls in these 3 districts at present are—
Attock ... ...
Jhelum ... ...
Rawalpindi ... ...
District Board.
0 ...
6 ...
6 ...
Subsidised.
... 15
... 5
...
1
It appears that Government aid will again be necessary
if the Dhanni breed is to be saved from a dangerous deple-
tion of numbers.
Mule breeding.
The Government
Farm, Hissar.
6. Government is providing some facilities for the
breeding of mules in non-selected dis-
tricts. This will be borne out from the
fact that out of the standard scale of 76 donkey stallions 67
are replaceable by Government and 9 from the funds of
the respective District Boards.
7. Mr. Branford was Superintendent throughout the
year.
The death of the Farm Bailiff, Mr. C. E. B. Maccutchan,
from heat stroke on 17th June 1919, was a great blow to
the farm. Sergeant Read of the Military Grass Farm,
Gojra, was appointed in his place.
Captain Morris, Deputy Superintendent, Government
Cattle Farm, Hissar, retired from Government service on
31st March 1920, afternoon. He will be greatly missed.
Though the rainfall was a little below average the
growth of Bir grasses was on the whole up to average.
Owing to absence of grazing from the 1st of April to
August the stock was stall-fed generally. Owing to the
general rise in the market price of cattle, the privileged
price charged from District Boards in the Punjab for a bull
was raised from Rs. 200 to Rs. 250, with effect from 1st
April 1920.
5
There was a great demand for the stock outside India.
Photographs of farm stock have been included in the
report, and are really more valuable than double the amount
of printed matter usually is.
Attention should be drawn to Mr. Branford's observa-
tion of the effect of insufficient food in reducing the fertility
of cattle.
Mr. Branford's administration of the farm is thorough-
ly efficient, and his knowledge of cattle-breeding is one of
the assets of the Province.
S. M. JACOB,
Dated 3rd August 1920. Offg. Director of Agriculture,
Punjab.
6
Annual Report of the Punjab Veterinary
College, Lahore, for the year 1919-20.
DURING the year under report the staff of Gazetted
officers underwent some important changes.
Gazetted Staff.
Colonel H. T. Pease, C.I.E., Veterinary Department,
after many years of devoted service as
Principal of the College and Professor
of Equine Medicine, proceeded on leave pending retirement
on July 1st. He was succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel
G. K. Walker, C.I.E., O.B.E, who took over charge on July
20th.
Mr. E. Burke, I. S.O., who had completed 37 years'
service in the department, of which about eleven had been
spent at the College as Professor of Surgery, retired on March
31st. He was a very efficient and popular officer and he
will be greatly missed. No permanent successor has been
appointed up to the date of the submission of this report.
Captains Sewell and Dowland, on appointment to the
department, joined the staff on October 15th and 1st De-
cember (afternoon), respectively. The former took over the
appointment of Post Graduate Professor and the latter that
of Professor of Sanitary Science and remained under train-
ing. The other officers of the staff retained the appoint-
ments held by them during the previous year throughout
the year under report.
Non-gazetted Staff.
2. The non-gazetted teaching staff was short-handed
owing to the lack of suitable applicants
on the terms offered. The matter has
been represented and a revision of salaries is under consider-
ation.
Sardar Hardit Singh performed the duties of Lecturer
in Botany and Chemistry in addition to his own.
M. Karam Ellahi was appointed Hostel Superintendent
in addition to his own duties.
Sessions.
3. The summer session commenced on May 1st and
closed on June 30th. The winter
session opened on October 1st and
concluded at the end of the year under report.
7
Admissions.
4. There were 81 admissions on May 1st as detailed in
last year's report.
Course of study.
5. At the beginning of the winter session it was de-
cided to abandon definitely the four
years' course as at present conducted.
It had been practically in abeyance since its inception for
reasons connected with the war and shortage of staff.
Those students who had passed the three years' course
examinations were given their diplomas and the remainder
were absorbed in the three years' course. Proposals were
made for a revised course involving four years' study in
English, the preliminary examination being the matricula-
lation qualification or its equivalent. The proposals have
been accepted by the Local Government and cordially ap-
proved by the Government and of India. They will be
brought into force when the necessary arrangements have
been made.
Post graduate instruction.
6. The post graduate course did not materialise owing
to lack of candidates, but three Veteri-
nary Assistants from the Behar and
Orissa Civil Veterinary Department were given special
instruction.
A scheme for imparting post graduate instruction has
been embodied in the revised course of study and will be
instituted in due course. In the meantime the necessary
preparations are being made.
Examination results.
7. Supplementary examinations were held in June for
those students who had failed in one
subject only in the annual examina-
tions. The results were as follows:—
1st year
2nd „
3rd „
... 1 examined
... 7 „
... 6
„
... Nil passed.
...
3
„
...
4
„
Those who passed were promoted, whilst those who failed
went down for another year.
8
The results of the annual examinations held in March
and April 1920 were as follows:—
1st year
2nd „
3rd „
... 80 examined
... 73
„
... 64 „
... 63 passed.
... 62
„
... 56 „
The percentage of passes was 78.7, 84.8 and 87.5 per
cent. respectively.
The Board of Examiners reported that they considered
the results very satisfactory.
In the first year 7, in the second year 1 and in the
third year 2 students failed in one subject only and will be
examined again at the supplementary examinations in June.
Dressers' Class.
8. Four Dressers were trained during the summer
vacation.
Farriers' Class.
9. Mr. Duckworth was appointed Head Farrier on
July 31st and the forge was re-opened to
the public on August 1st. The farriers'
class was restarted from 1st October and 7 men were trained.
Hospital.
10. The attendance at the Hospital Clinic showed a
slight decrease over last year, the figures
being 1,280 in-patients and 1,904 out-
patients against 1,321 and 2,166, respectively. The increased
expense involved in feeding and maintaining domestic
animals in Lahore and the increase in mechanical transport
may be held accountable.
There was an increase in the attendance at the dog
hospital by 164 in-patients and 35 out-patients.
Contagious Ward.
11. One hundred sixty cases were treated in the
Contagious Ward against 110 last year.
Thirty-five dogs were successfully sub-
jected to anti-rabic treatment. The Jail and Vaccine Depôt
animals were periodically inspected as usual. Original in-
vestigations were conducted in diseases of sheep.
9
Income.
12. The income during the year amounted to Rs. 20,612
against Rs. 21,239 in the previous year.
The decrease is due to the forge having
been closed for part of the year.
The outstandings amounted to Rs. 1,791. Every effort
is being made to realise the money, but some accounts are of
long standing and will have to be written off.
Expenditure.
13. The expenditure for the year amounted to
Rs. 1,34,882 against Rs. 1,08,024 in
the previous year. The salaries of the
newly appointed officers, the temporary allowances granted
to the members of the staff, and the general rise in prices
account for the increase.
General remarks.
14. The behaviour of the students was generally satis-
factory and their health on the whole
good.
The average number residing in the hostel was 159.
Every effort has been made to make the present tem-
porary arrangements satisfactory and some improvements
have been made, but considerable difficulty is experienced
in meeting messing expenses from the balance of fees re-
maining for that purpose.
A proposal to reduce the rent payable to Government
was rejected.
Plans and estimates for a new hostel are being pre-
pared.
The play-ground is nearing completion and should be
ready for use next winter.
15. The members of the staff gave the Principal their
loyal support and worked to his satisfaction throughout the
year.
Report of the Civil Veterinary Department,
Punjab, for the year 1919-20.
BY MR. T. F. QUIRKE, M.R.C.V.S., CHIEF
SUPERINTENDENT.
PART I.—Administration.
1. The following statement shows the names of officers
who held charge of the several appointments and the amount
10
of touring performed by them during the year under
report:—
Name of appointment.
Chief Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Punjab.
Officiating Chief Superin-
tendent, Civil
Veteri-
nary Department, Punjab.
Officer on special duty ...
Ditto ...
Officer under training ...
Superintendent, Civil Vete-
rinary Department, South
Punjab.
Officiating Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, South Punjab.
Deputy Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary
Department,
South Punjab.
Officiating Deputy Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary
Department, South Punj-
ab.
Superintendent, Civil Veteri-
nary Department, North
Punjab.
Officer under training ...
Officiating Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, North Punjab.
Name of officer.
Colonel J. Farmner,
C.I.E.
Mr. T. F. Quirke...
Ditto ...
Mr. R. Branford ...
Mr. J. S. Garewal
Mr. G. Taylor
...
Rai Sahib
Lala
Kotu Ram.
Ditto
Pandit Janki Nath
Mr. T. P. Quirke...
Mr. J. S. Garewal
Ditto
Dates of hold-
ing charge.
1st April 1919
to 22nd March
1920.
23rd March 1920
to 31st March
1920.
5th
February
1920 to 22nd
March 1920.
2nd
February
1920 to 6th
February 1920.
1st April 1919 to
6th May 1919.
1st April 1919 to
5th July 1919.
6th July 1919
to 31st March
1920.
1st April 1919 to
5th July 1919.
5th
September
1919 to 31st
March 1920.
1st April 1919 to
26th May 1919.
8th May 1919 to
26th May 1919.
27th May 1919
to 31st March
1920.
Number of days
spent on tour.
110
8
19
...
7
36
187
43
139
27
...
93
NUMBER OF
MILES
By
rail.
5,279
936
1,465
...
147
1,490
12,997
2,508
6,542
1,328
...
6,792
By
road.
1,169
...
135
...
58
76
2,083
234
1,405
304
...
601
On reversion from military service Mr. D. Meadows
was appointed to officiate as Camel Specialist incharge of
the Sohawa Laboratory. It is with regret information was
11
received of his death from drowning on 11th October 1919,
his untimely death is a great loss to the Department.
Colonel Farmer C.I.E., Chief Superintendent, proceeded
on 8 months' combined leave with effect from 22nd March
1920 after handing over charge to Mr. T. F. Quirke who
held the appointment upto the end of the year. The latter
held charge of the appointment of Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department, North-West Frontier Province and
North Punjab, with effect from 1st April 1919 to 26th May
1919. He remained on combined leave from 27th May
1919 to 4th February 1920 and worked as an officer on
special duty from 5th February 1920 to 22nd March 1920.
The most important change in the Imperial staff was
the transfer of Mr. G. Taylor to Poona as Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Department, Bombay Presidency. He was
relieved by Rai Sahib Lala Kotu Ram on the afternoon of
5th July 1919. The latter remained incharge of the South
Punjab Circle upto the end of the year under report.
Pandit Janki Nath, Veterinary Inspector, attached to
the office of the Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, South Punjab, Ferozepore, officiated as Deputy Sup-
erintendent in place of Rai Sahib Lala Kotu Ram for 6
months and 25 days, i.e., 5th September 1919 to 31st March
1920. He was placed in quasi-independent charge of the
districts of Montgomery, Lyallpur, Jhang, Multan Muzaf-
fargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan with his head-quarters at
Ferozepore.
Mr. Garewal remained attached to the offices of Chief
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Punjab, and
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North Punjab,
with effect from 1st April 1919 to 6th May 1919 and 8th
May 1919 to 26th May 1919, respectively. He relieved
Mr. Quirke on the afternoon of 26th May 1919 and offi-
ciated as Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
North-West Frontier Province and North Punjab from 27th
May 1919 to 31st March 1920.
2. The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
North Punjab, continues to hold charge of the North-West
Frontier Province Civil Veterinary Department administra-
tion. Now that the war is over, the question of the appoint-
ment of a separate Superintendent should be taken up as
22
soon as possible, as it is very difficult for one officer to hold
double charge for an indefinite period.
3. As usual the Chief Superintendent, Superintendents
and the Deputy Superintendent toured in their respective
circles in connection with horse and cattle breeding, investi-
gation of contagious diseases and for the inspection of
Veterinary Hospitals, etc.
4. They also interviewed District Officers in the
course of their tours on the Veterinary requirements of
their districts. District Board bulls and stallions were as
usual regularly inspected. In addition to their own work
the officers of this department materially assisted the Army
Remount Department particularly in connection with
Dourine, Surra and other equine diseases.
5. The Chief Superintendent inspected the following
hospitals outside his own circle:—
Delhi, Simla, Rawalpindi, Murree, Jhelum, Mont-
gomery, Lyallpur and the Glanders inspec-
tion post at Kohala.
He visited the Hissar Farm twice and inspected the
following Cattle-breeding Farms in the Lower Bari Doab
Colony:—
(1) Chaudhri Allah Dad Khan's Farm.
(2) M. Ghulam Qadir Khan's Farm.
(3) Chaudhri Jahangir Khan's Farm.
He went to Ahmadnagar purchasing mares for the
Government Cattle Farm, Hissar; he also attended the
Agricultural Meeting at Lyallpur and visited Delhi twice to
attend conferences in connection with the prevention of
Surra.
PART II.—Treatment of Diseases.
I.—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Mortality—Table II.
6. During the year under report 56,089 deaths
from contagious diseases were reported
in the Province against 28,715 in the
previous year. The increase in mortality is chiefly due to
severe outbreaks of Rinderpest which occurred.
13
I.—(a) Equines.
Glanders—Table II.
7. During the year under report 15 cases of Glanders
were dealt with by this department in
the Gurdaspur District against 5 in the
Rawalpindi District during the previous year.
Three cases detected in the Rawalpindi District during
the year under report were dealt with by the Army Remount
Department.
Anthrax—Table II.
8. No case of Anthrax was reported during the year
under report.
Surra—Table II.
9. During the year under report 65 deaths took place
from Surra against 70 in the previous
year. The number of deaths reported
is unreliable as the agency for reporting the disease is in-
efficient. These statistics merely represent the number of
cases of Surra which were confirmed by microscopic
examination previous to death.
The disease was most prevalent in Ferozepore, Shahpur,
Gujrat, Amritsar and Dera Ghazi Khan Districts. Inspite of
the shortage of staff the department has endeavoured to deal
with all outbreaks reported and has lectured to the people on
the necessity of keeping their horse stock away from grazing
areas during the day time while the fly period lasts and from
collections of cattle and camels which are known to harbour
this disease. With a view to getting more assistance from
Native States Colonel Farmer delivered a practical lecture
to the Ruling Chiefs at a Conference held in Delhi on
31st October 1919. He urged on them the necessity of
strengthening their veterinary staff to deal effectively with
contagious diseases and asked that the existence of same
should be reported punctually to this department with a
view to checking spread of the disease. A report was also
sent by him to the Principal Veterinary Officer, Army
Department, on Surra and Fly Areas to enable the Military
Department to recognize the danger in allowing transport
and other animals march through these areas during the
Surra period.
Once again it is my duty to point out that this disease
is a very serious one and until a larger staff is available it
will continue to exact a heavy toll amongst camels and
14
equines especially. The present situation may be compared
to a skeleton army attacking a strongly organised force.
Dourine—Table II.
10. No case of Dourine was reported during the year
under report. A strict look out is kept
for this disease at all stallion stables
throughout the province and also the opportunity is taken
at fairs for the detection of this disease. It is satisfactory to
note the success which attended the very thorough measures
adopted by this department against the spread of this
disease which is capable of paralysing horse-breeding
wherever it occurs.
Other contagious dis-
-ases—Table II.
11. One death from Strangles and 3 from Influenza
were reported from Ferozepore and
Muzaffargarh districts respectively.
I—(b) Bovines.
Rinderpest—Table II.
12. Rinderpest occurred in all the districts of the
Province. 42,155 deaths were reported
from this disease against 20,842 in the
previous year. The increase in mortality is mainly due to
the debilitating influence caused by the fodder famine
and consequent susceptibility of stock generally.
The mortality from this disease was particularly severe
in the Shahpur and Kangra districts. Patwaris are still very
lax in reporting outbreaks with consequent loss to the
villages concerned whilst the work of the Department in
dealing with contagious disease is made much more difficult
through their neglect.
Anti-Rinderpest inocula-
tions—Table III.
13. Anti-Rinderpest inoculations were performed in
816 outbreaks and 106,626 animals
were inoculated against 653 outbreaks
and 106,393 inoculations last year. The number of inocula-
tions would have considerably increased during the year under
report if the supply of serum had not been restricted by the
Laboratory on account of an unusual demand for this pro-
duct.
Inoculations could not be performed in 670 outbreaks
owing to shortage of serum. The Punjab is already self-
supporting in the supply of bulls, sheep, donkey stallions
and is at present catering for horse stallions to District
15
Boards, we might go on further now and arrange for the
manufacture of our own serum for which there is an in-
creasing demand.
Foot and Mouth dis-
ease—Table II.
14. During the year under report 2,592 animals died
from this disease against 536 in the
previous year. This disease was pre-
valent in all the districts of the province except Montgomery.
Kangra suffered most where 416 deaths took place. Neces-
sary measures to check the disease were adopted by the
subordinate veterinary staff as usual.
Hæmorrhagic
Septi¬
cæmia.
15. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia accounted for 6,319
deaths against 5,349 in the previous
year. With the exception of Simla it
was reported from all the districts of the province
This disease runs such a rapid course wherever it
occurs that patwaris should promptly report its occurrence
so that inoculations can be carried out as soon as possible
to have much influence on the mortality from this disease
Preventive vaccinations—
Table III.
16. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccinations were per-
formed on 57,336 animals in 18 dis-
tricts against 52,464 in 19 districts
during the previous year. The highest number of vaccina-
tions was, like last year, done in the Multan District where
26,545 animals were vaccinated against this disease.
Vaccinations against Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia is
steadily becoming more and more popular each year owing
to the very satisfactory results which have been attained,
so much so, that it has now become customary to receive
reminders from certain low lying villages liable to this
disease to have vaccination work done before the rainy season
commences. The further extension of such preventive
methods in dealing with disease will depend on the staff
available to carry out this work.
Preventive inoculations.—
Table III.
17. Preventive inoculations against Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia were performed in 73
outbreaks and 18,741 animals were in-
oculated against 56 outbreaks and 16,432 inoculations during
the preceding year.
Black-quarter—Table II.
18. During the year under report 242 deaths were
reported from this disease against 608
in the previous year.
16
Vaccinations
against
Black-quarter—Table III.
19. Vaccinations against this disease were performed
on 2,912 animals as compared with
14,022 in the previous year.
The Superintendent, North Punjab, reports very en-
couraging results from the vaccinations which were carried
out against this disease last year in the Dhanni Tract where
it is endemic.
Other contagious dis-
eases—Table II.
20. During the year under report 516 deaths took
place from other contagious diseases
compared with 296 in the previous
year. Six cases of Rabies among bovines are included in
the figures of the year under report These cases took
place in Jullundur and Gurdaspur districts.
I—(c) Other animals.
Mortality—Table II.
21. The following contagious diseases occurred in
other animals:—
Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth, Hæmorrhagic Septi-
cæmia, sheep pox, liver flukes, contagious pleuro,
Pneumonia, Rikki (parasitic diarrhœa) Gillar
and Mange, etc.
In all 4,178 deaths took place against 1,001 in the pre-
vious year.
The necessity of strengthening the staff of this depart
ment to deal with the veterinary work of the province must
again be emphasised. It was pointed out in last year's
report what the essentials were in dealing effectively with
contagious disease and therefore until these are satisfied no
reliable indication can be given of the influence of our
preventive measures on the incidence of contagious disease
within the province.
II—OTHER DISEASES.
Treatment of diseases in
villages—Table IV.
22. During the year under report 15,490 villages were
visited by Veterinary Assistants on tour.
214,491 animals were treated and
20,198 were castrated. Last year 10,293 villages were
visited, 55,082 cases treated and 25,513 castrations were
performed.
There was a reduction in the number of castrations
carried out owing to the general debility of animals in