NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
20
conducted by the Assistant Director, Military Dairy Farms;
it is hoped that it will be possible to arrange similarly for the
other farms.
Speaking generally, the improvement in the milking
qualities of the Indian breeds opens up no greater difficulties
than have already been encountered and successfully dealt
with in other countries. The marked improvement in
Danish cattle was not due to the possession of any remark-
able milk-producing qualities in the foundation stocks, but
rather to the ruthless elimination of all bad animals, both
male and female. It soon became obvious that to secure
the selection of productive dairy stock, evidence of milk
yield in the case of cows and of hereditary transmission of
milking qualities in the case of bulls was necessary. This
can be taken also to be the only course open to cattle
breeders in this country, and on the thoroughness with which
these measures are adopted, will depend the progress which it
will be possible to effect in improving the milking qualities of
our Indian breeds. This has been pointed out in a circular
issued to all Municipalities and Notified Area Committees
in the province. Their attention was drawn to the fact that
the majority of the best milch cows and buffaloes in the
province are in the hands of residents in urban areas, which
so far as efficient breeding is concerned are a direct loss to
the province, in that no proper arrangements exist for the
covering of these cows. Indents for Montgomery bulls
and male buffaloes to be maintained by these bodies were
invited, but the response was very disappointing. Shortage
of funds was advanced as a cause of their very apparent
indifference in helping towards a solution of the problem of
milk and ghee shortage which so closely affects them.
The following Municipalities have made provision for
Montgomery bulls and male buffaloes as suggested:—
Simla, Amritsar, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Okara, Jhang,
and Sargodha.
In my note on Cattle Breeding in the Punjab submitted
to Government during the year under report I have indi-
cated the lines on which progress in cattle breeding should
be conducted. Particular emphasis was laid on the necessity
for protecting the cattle breeding industry against the very
heavy recurring mortality amongst live stock from conta-
gious diseases and fodder famines before we can expect
zamindars to become enthusiastic in the rearing of improved
21
breeds of cattle as a paying industry. Reference was made
to the possibilities of the famous Hariana and Dhanni Cattle
Breeding Tracts acting as a store house of cattle for the rest of
the Punjab, where such protection could reasonably be provid-
ed and would be almost certain to be appreciated by the inha-
bitants, the majority of whom are born cattle breeders. It
is quite clear that even the most progressive cattle breeding
policy conducted by this Department cannot hope to succeed
which attempts to ignore the necessity for such protection.
It is to be hoped therefore that zamindars will soon recognise
the need for more thorough measures being adopted against
the heavy mortality from contagious diseases which is at
present strangling the cattle breeding industry of this pro-
vince.
Relief from the very heavy losses due to fodder famines
can only come when zamindars themselves are prepared to
finance a scheme on co-operative lines for the conserya-
tion of fodder; the producer of the surplus fodder must
be guaranteed a reasonable profit on his production. With
a view to encouraging the conservation of fodder within the
Dhanni and Hariana Tracts I have represented to the Regis-
trar, Co-operative Societies, that the reason why so little is
attempted in the way of fodder conservation, is, because so
many cultivators are in need of ready money when their
crops are harvested and cannot afford to lose the first
opportunity of converting their surplus fodder into cash.
It would appear quite feasible that Co-operative Societies
might accommodate such members in consideration of storing
their surplus fodder.
II.—EQUINES.
Number of stallions—
Table X.
30. At the close of the year there were 60 horse and
pony stallions at work in the non-selected
districts of the province as compared with
67 at the close of the previous year. The
number of donkey stallioas was 65 against 76 last year.
A number of stallions which owing to old age were past
useful work have now been cast. Arrangements are being
made for their replacement.
By arrangements made with the Superintendent, Gov-
ernment Cattle Farm, Hissar, all donkey stallions now being
issued to districts are previously put under a course of train-
ing in the covering of mares.
22
Services of stal-
lions.—Table XI.
31. The total number of mares covered by horse and
pony stallions during the year under report
was 172 and 3,244, respectively, against 206
and 3,530 during the previous year.
Three thousand six hundred and twenty-two mares were
covered by 66 donkey stallions during the year compared
with 4,416 by 72 donkeys during the previous year.
Feed and keep of stallions.—Table XII.
32. The average cost of feed and keep of stallions
for the year under report was Rs 689
per horse, Rs. 677 per pony and Rs. 417
per donkey against Rs. 652, Rs. 647
and Rs. 366, respectively last year.
III.—GOAT AND SHEEP BREEDING.
33. During the year under report 87 cross-bred merino
rams and 50 ewes were purchased for breeding purposes on
behalf of private individuals of the following districts from
the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar:—
Hissar
Ferozepore
Ludhiana
Lahore
Shahpur
Attock
Rawalpindi
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4 rams
8 „
5 „
50 „
13 „ and 21 ewes
1 ram and 10 „
6 rams and 19 „
Satisfactory progress is being made in extending the
use of merino rams for breeding purposes in the districts.
For want of organisation individual breeders however find
difficulty in securing more favourable rates for cross-bred
merino wool than they have been accustomed to get for the
desi wool. The formation of sheep breeding societies through
the influence of the Co-operative Department is therefore
welcomed as affording an opportunity to members for the
co-operative sale of their produce direct to the mills.
As noted elsewhere in this report four societies have
been started with selected country bred ewes and rams
supplied from the Hissar Farm.
IV.—FAIRS AND SHOWS.
Fairs and Shows—Tables
XIII and XIV.
34. The statistical information regarding horse and
cattle fairs and shows is incorporated
in tables XIII and XIV. Horse shows
were held in 2 districts and cattle fairs
in 17 districts.
23
The following statement shows the number of horse and
cattle fairs and shows attended by the officers of the depart-
ment during the year under report:—
Attending officer.
Chief Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Punjab,
Lahore.
Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Central
Punjab, Lahore.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North Punjab,
Rawalpindi.
Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North
Punjab, Rawalpindi.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, South Punjab,
Ferozepore.
Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, South
Punjab, Ferozepore.
Offg. Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
South Punjab, Ferozepore.
Horse fairs
or shows.
...
2
...
...
...
...
...
Cattle fain
or shows.
2
5
4
6
5
4
1
The remaining fairs or shows were as usual, either
attended by the Veterinary Inspectors of this department
or abandoned on account of the prevalence of plague, etc.
V.—MISCELLANEOUS.
Cattle Insurance.
35. There are at present 35 Co-operative Cattle Insur-
ance Societies in the province as detailed
below:—
Gurgaon
Rohtak
Jullundur
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
30
3
The Inspector incharge reports difficulty in collecting
premia due no doubt to the want of enthusiasm displayed by
members in the movement, the advantages of which have
not yet been fully realised.
In face of these facts I should advocate in the first
instance, protection of cattle against contagious disease and
subsequently the formation of cattle-breeding societies to im-
prove and so enhance the value of the stock as to make
cattle insurance more attractive.
24
In addition to the above the following societies have also
been started by the Co-operative Department in different
districts of the province, the bye-laws of which include
veterinary regulations approved by this department:—
Cow-Breeding Societies.
Jhelum
Gujrat
...
...
...
...
... 3
... 10
Sheep-Breeding Societies.
Attock
Jhelum
Shahpur
...
...
...
...
...
...
... 1
... 2
... 1
Cattle-Purchase Societies.
Shahpur
Multan
...
...
...
...
... 2
... 1
The staff has been instructed to keep in touch with the
movement by constant intercourse with the members of
these societies, and to exercise the necessary veterinary
supervision in accordance with the bye-laws.
It is anticipated that the breeding farms will be able
to supply such societies with well-bred heifers at reasonable
prices and so provide the necessary stimulus to more care-
ful breeding in the villages.
Part IV.—Establishment.
Numerical
Strength—
Table VII.
36. At the close of the previous year the sanctioned
cadre of the subordinate veterinary staff
was 226 (23 Veterinary Inspectors and
203 Veterinary Assistants). Four Vete-
rinary Inspectors and 10 Veterinary Assistants were sanc-
tioned during the year under report, thus raising the cadre
to 240 (27 Veterinary Inspectors and 213 Veterinary
Assistants). The actual entertainment of the additional staff
was, however, sanctioned with effect from 1st April 1922,
consequently new appointments were made on or after that
date.
The total number of subordinates working at the close
of the year was:—
Veterinary Inspectors ...
Veterinary Assistants, 1st grade
Veterinary Assistants, 2nd grade
Veterinary Assistants, 3rd grade
Total
...
...
...
...
...
23
40
82
79
221
25
There were two vacancies at the close of the year in the
lowest grade of Veterinary Assistants.
Out of the four Veterinary Assistants that were working
in the Military Department at the close of the last year three
were released during the year under report. The reversion
of one Veterinary Assistant is not anticipated on account of
his incapacity for further service as reported by the Military
Department.
Part V.—Expenditure.
Expenditure—Table XIV-A.
37. The expenditure of the Department is given in
Table XIV-A. The figures are, as
usual, supplied by the Accountant-
General, Punjab, and are subject to modification, if necessary,
when the accounts of the year are finally closed.
Part VI.—General Remarks.
38. Both the Clerical and Subordinate Staff have
worked well throughout the year.
The following Inspectors are specially mentioned for
their services during the year:—
(1) M. Talib Ali.
(2) M. Muhammad Jan.
(3) Bhai Sochet Singh.
(4) M. Ali Bakhsh.
(5) M. Jan Muhammad.
(6) Bhai Sham Singh.
The Chief Superintendent's thanks are due to Major
Sikes and Mr. Garewal, Superintendents, North and South
Punjab, also to Deputy Superintendents, Rai Sahib L. Kotu
Ram, P. Janki Nath and M. Muhammad Abduliah for the
able manner they have conducted their respective charges
throughout the year.
The assistance received from District Officers is grate-
fully acknowledged.
26
Annual Report of the Government Cattle Farm,
Hissar, for the year 1921-22.
1. My predecessor Mr. R. Branford was in charge of
the Farm until 20th March 1922.
2. Mr. T. G. Egan, M.R.C.V.S., has been appointed
Assistant Superintendent, and took over charge of his duties
on the forenoon of 6th April 1922.
3. Demand for farm stock continued keen. Total
receipts for the year amounted to Rs. 1,30,633.
4. Rainfall for the seventh year in succession was below
the average. Famine conditions were acute from April 1st
to August 1st, and were complicated by the failure of the
usual hot weather rise in the Jumna river and consequent
failure of canal supplies and farm hot weather crops result-
ing in heavy unforeseen expenditure in fodder.
5. Grazing was available from the beginning of August
to the end of the year, but the rain was very local and the
heavy fall in October was too late for a maximum growth of
grasses, and from January onward grazing was very scanty.
6. Farm crops after canal supplies returned to the
normal were very good. The amount of fodder, hay saved,
being the largest on record.
Canal supplies in the cold weather were very good and
the oat crop is above the average in acreage.
7. Fodder in reserve at the end of the year amounted
to 32,547 maunds (of 82 lbs. each) as against 11,396 maunds
on 1st April 1921.
8. Fodder issued to stock during the year amounted
to 121,010 maunds. Of this all, except 22,821 maunds, was
farm grown.
9. Owing to pressure of work the bailing of leaves
suggested as a reserve in case of famine, could not be carried
out. These experiments will be put in hand and carried out
next year.
It is also proposed to make ensilage from Sheesham
leaves (Dalbergia Latifolia). The result of the experiment
will be published in due course.
27
10. Last year it was noticed that isolated black oats
were scattered throughout the white. These were collected
and sown, and as expected proved to be a cross, the F.1
generation consisting of black, brown and white oats. It is
satisfactory to note that the resulting black oat obtained is a
really excellent oat, full bodied, comparatively thin in husk
and with very little beard. Measure for measure it com-
pares favourably with oats grown from the best Pusa seed.
A ghurra (earthen pot) was taken as a standard of measure
and a measure full of the following oats weighed—
1. 1-A Black oats, 1-B brown oats, 1-C white oats (grown
from the original black seed).
2. White oats, grown from Pusa seed.
3. White oats, grown from farm seed.
A ghurra of 1-A weighed
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
1-B
1-C
2
3
do.
do.
do.
do.
...
...
...
...
...
Seers.
12
11
9
11
11
Ch.
0
0
0
11
4
whilst the percentage of black, brown and white oats collect
ed from the original seed was—
Black
Brown
White
...
...
...
...
...
...
25.4
40.6
34.0
per cent.
„
„
The experiment is being continued and it will be inter-
esting to see how the F.-2 generation turns out.
11. Bir cultivation with the steam cultivator was
carried out. Owing to the difficulty of getting coal this has
not proceeded beyond the experimental stage. However,
cultivation undoubtedly improves the growth of grass, where
grass already exists, provided it is not overdone.
12. Comparative feeding experiments were carried out
and the results have been published as Pusa Veterinary
Bulletin No. 130.
13. Contagious Diseases—(a) Anthrax.—The number
of cases was as follows:—
Cows
Female produce
Sheep
...
...
...
... 15
...
1
...
5
as against 32 cows and 2 sheep last year. As expected,
cases stopped occurring as soon as the rain had produced
28
enough grass for ordinary grazing. There was no recrude-
scence of the disease amongst cattle up to the end of the year.
Three cases occurred amongst sheep in February.
(b) Contagious abortion.—The number of equine abor-
tions was, 2 pony mares, 1 Arab mare, and 14 donkey mares
as against 9 pony and Arab mares and 36 donkey mares,
last year.
Captain J. T. Edwards, the Director of the Muktesar
Laboratory, visited the farm, in January, in connection with
the control of the disease. He kindly consented to test the
blood of all the equidæ periodically, with a view to early
diagnoses. It is hoped thereby to eliminate or at all events
to obtain more effective control of the disease.
(c) Black-quarter—Five deaths occurred as against 49
last year.
(d) Foot and Mouth disease.—Outbreaks occurred. Six
animals died as against 3, the previous year.
(e) Orchitis.— No cases of orchitis occurred as against the
epidemic last year.
(f) Rinderpest.—No death occurred as against 30 deaths
last year.
14. Table XVI at the end of this report shows the
changes in the farm stock during the year. The following
were the more important changes:—
Herd bulls.— Thirteen entered during the year and 12 of
them have developed well, one being issued to the Punjab
District Hoard.
One 11 years' old bull was supplied to Gwalior State for
Rs. 100, the book value being Rs. 50 only.
Supernumerary bulls.—The following were issued:—
Punjab District Boards
North-West Frontier Province
Native States
Nayasaland
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
214
3
5
3
29
Young stock—
Female produce.— Twenty-seven females were supplied
for breeding as against 60 last year
One hundred and sixty-two females were transferred to
cows.
Cows.— Two supplied to Nayasaland Government.
Two hundred and forty-one cows calved during the year,
as against 860 in the previous year. The decrease in the
number of births is due entirely to famine conditions.
Bullocks.—The following were sold:—
To Military Department
. .
To Jail Department ...
... 20
... 2
Mules were issued as follows:—
To the Army Remount Department
To the Kashmir State ...
...
36
... 7
Arab Breeding Scheme.—Four colts and three fillies
were born during the year.
Donkey Stock.—The following colts were issued:—
Army Remount Department
North-West Frontier Province
Punjab District Boards
...
...
...
...
...
...
8
2
3
Sheep.—One hundred and twelve male lambs and 104
female lambs were sold for breeding during the year as against
60 male lambs and 137 female lambs in the previous year.
The demand for ewe lambs is very keen and of course can-
not be complied as most of the ewe lambs bred on the
farm have to be kept to be drifted into the farm flock.
The total realised for wool amounted to Rs. 2,931.
Inspite of the famine conditions the farm flocks were
maintained throughout the year with little stall feeding.
The casualties during the year numbered to 175 as
against 154 in the previous year.
30
15. Cultivation.—Detail of grain and fodder received
from the area under cultivation during the year:—
Name of crop.
Oats (Avena sativa) ...
Oats bhoosa (Avena sativa) ...
Oats, in straw (Avena sativa) ...
Oats, green (Avena sativa) ...
Oats, hay (Av ena sativa) ...
Jowar, green (Sorghum Vulgare) ...
Jowar, kurby (Sorghum Vulgare) ...
Ensilage jowar (Sorghum Vulgare) ...
Guar, (Cyampsis psoralioides) ...
Guar, green (Cyampsis psoralioides)
Guar, bhoosa (Cyan pais p ornlioides)
Green lucerne (Medicago sativa) ...
Lucerne seed (Medicago sativa) ...
Green grass (Cynodon dactylon) ...
Green sarson (Prassica var-glanca) ...
Green Juar and Guar ...
Total ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Quantity.
Mds.
5,341
10,682
430
5,253
1,015
31,794
29,609
7,965
226
1,325
675
5,491
0
4,975
631
6,621
112,237
Srs.
0
0
0
10
30
2
8
25
20
20
0
0
36
20
0
12
18
Value.
Rs.
26,705
15,872
1,110
2,626
2,031
18,187
29,549
3,982
1,132
619
900
3,502
108
2,343
315
2,940
111,926
A.
0
0
0
10
8
8
4
13
8
9
0
0
0
1
8
4
6
P.
0
0
0
0
0
7
3
0
0
7
0
8
0
4
0
7
0
Oats harvested in the spring 1921 were good.
16. The following were received from the Bir during
the year:—
Hay, (mostly from Anjan
grass Pennisetum cen-
chroides).
Pala (leaf of wild Beri
Zizyphus Nummalera).
Anjan Grass seed (Pennise-
tum cenchroides).
Quantity.
Mds.
11,282
580
28
Sr.
14
0
0
Value.
Rs.
11,232
773
230
A.
5
5
0
P.
6
4
0
31
17. Veterinary Hospital.—The average number of
cases treated daily was 39 as against 51, in the previous
year.
Number of mules castrated ...
„
„ cattle
„ ...
...
...
13
52
Number of animals inoculated against:—
Black-quarter ... ...
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia ...
Anthrax ...
...
...
...
384
245
492
18. As usual in fodder famine years the staff had an
especially trying time, the extra stall feeding adding greatly
to the work of their supervision.
The Farm Bailiff, Mr. W. S. Read, the Deputy Superin-
tendent, Syed Ghulam Hussain, the First Farm Overseer,
M. Muhammad Ashfaq and the Second Farm Overseer,
M. Ata Muhammad have filled their posts with credit.
The office staff have worked well during the year, espe-
cially the Head Clerk and the Accountant.
19. As was the case last year, a few photographs of
Farm stock are shown at the end of this report:—
(1) A Farm-bred, four year old Montgomery Bull.
(2) Pony mares with mule foals at foot.
(3) The newly purchased Arab Stallion "Real-Gold."
(4) A three year old Farm-bred Arab Colt.
(5) A typical Machine bullock.
(6) An experiment in Silage making (making ensil-
ege from the leaves of the Sheesham tree.)
E. SEWELL, CAPTAIN, I.C.V.D.,
Offg. Superintendent, Government Cattle Farm,
Hissar.
A Farm bred four years old Montgomery bull.
Pony mares with mule foals at foot.
The newly purchased Arab Stallion "Real Gold
A 3 years old Farm bred Arab Colt.
A typical Machine bullock.
An experiment in Silage making (making Ensilege from the
leaves of Sheesham tree ).
TABLES.
No.
I
II
III
IV
V
VII
VIII
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XIV (A)
XV
XVI
XVI (A)
XVII
XVIII
Subject.
Statement showing the main results of the Punjab
Veterinary College ... ... ...
Statement showing the number of deaths from
contagious diseases amongst animals
Statement showing results of preventive inocula-
tion ... ... ... ... ... ...
Statement showing the number of animals treated
and castrated by Veterinary Assistants on tour
Statement showing the number of animals treated
and castrated at Veterinary Hospitals and Dispen-
saries ... ... ... ... ...
Statement showing the total strength of subordinate
veterinary staff employed ... ...
Return of stud bulls ... ... ... ...
Return of horse, pony and donkey stallions under
local bodies ... ... ...
Services and produce of each class of horse, pony
and donkey stallions under local bodies
Statement showing average cost of feed, keep,
attendance, etc., of horse, pony and donkey
stallions ...
...
...
Abstract of particulars regarding horse fairs and
shows held in non-selected districts ...
Abstract of particulars regarding cattle fairs and
shows ... ... ... ...
Statement showing cost of Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment
...
... ...
Expenditure by local bodies ... ... ...
Returns of animals on the Hissar Cattle Farm ...
Return of sheep on the Hissar Cattle Farm
...
Results of donkey and mule breeding on the Hissar
Farm
...
... ... ... ...
Abstract showing main results of the working of
the Hissar Farm ... ... ... ...
Pages.
i
ii-iii
iv-vii
viii-ix
x-xi
xii
xiii
xiv
xv
ib.
xvi-xvii
xviii-xix
xx
xxii-xxiii
xxiv-xxv
xxvi
xxvii
xxviii
TABLE I.
STATEMENT SHOWI NG T H E MAI N RESULTS OF T H E PUNJAB VETERINARY COLLEGE, LAHORE, F O R T H E YEAR 1921-22.
Name o f
t he
Institution.
1
Punjab
Vet eri nary
Col l ege.
Name of Cour se
of Instructions
i f mor e t han
one
fol l owed.
2
Three years Ver-
nacul ar Course.
Four years
English
Course.
NUMBER OF STUDENTS
Admitted
during the
year 1 9 2 1 .
Scholarship holders.
3
...
4
Military and other students.
4
...
25
Pa s
s
e d final examination dur i
ng the year
ending April 1 9 2 2 .
5
72
...
Fa i
l
e d t o p a s s t h e f i
nal examination.
6
1 1 *
...
Remaining under
instruction
at the end of
the year.
In ordinary course.
7
65
19
Instruction prolonged by
reason of failure.
8
20
...
STUDENTS
ADMITTED DURING
THE YEAR
CLASSED BY
EDUCATI ONAL
QUALI FI CATI ON.
Matriculated or with higher
qualifications.
9
...
28
Knowing some English, but not
matriculated.
10
...
1†
Knowing no English or very
little English.
11
...
...
RECEIPT FROM
Fees.
12
Rs.
8, 547
...
Other sources.
13
Rs.
9, 316
...
Total.
14
Rs.
17, 863
...
EXPENDI TURE ON
Salaries of Instructing staff.
15
Rs.
95, 970
...
Other expenses.
16
Rs.
73, 580
...
Total.
17
Rs.
1, 69, 550
...
EMPLOYMENT OF
GRADUATES W H O PASSED
O U T DURI NG 3 YEARS
PEROEDING.
Number passed.
18
190
...
In service of Government or
local
bodies.
19
117
...
In service of other bodies or
institutions.
20
29
...
In private practice.
21
...
...
Number unemployed.
22
44
...
REMARKS.
23
* Fi ve have fai l ed i n o n e subj ect onl y.
† Admi t t ed on account o f his War servi ces as gi ven i n Punj ab Gover nment Ci rcul ar N o . 23729 ( Home—Gener al ) , dat ed 19t h December 1 9 1 7 .