NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
4
accounted for 170 cases, previous attacks are credited with 52, epilepsy 38, here-
ditary causes 32, fever 24, congenital disease 23, masturbation 13, destitution 10,
injury to head 8, sun-stroke 6, syphilis and climate 5 each, child-birth 4, sexual
excess 3 and paralysis, uterine disease and old age 1 each. Of the moral causes,
grief is the alleged cause in 33 cases, anger and study in 6 each, fear, religion
and anxiety in 5 each, jealousy in 3 and loss of money in 1. The following are the
causes, as far as they can be ascertained, leading to insanity in persons charged with
crimes of violence :—
Gánja smoking ... ... ... ...
Opium eating
...
...
...
...
Fever
...
...
...
...
...
Fever and persistent headache ... ... ...
Puerperal fever ... ... ... ...
Epilepsy ... ... ... ... ...
Injury to head ... ... ... ...
Hereditary ... ... ... ... ...
Grief
...
...
...
...
...
Anger
...
...
...
...
...
Previous attack
...
...
...
...
8
1
2
1
1
5
1
1
2
2
1
No cause could be given in 23 cases.
Statement No. VIII is a return of sick insanes treated in the asylum hospitals
for diseases other than insanity. On the 1st January 1895 there had remained
41 patients under treatment and 368 were admitted, giving a total of 409 as
compared with 485 in the previous year. Of these, 289 were cured, 10 discharged
otherwise (8 transferred to the care of friends and 2 relieved) and 68 died, leaving
42 on the sick roll on 31st December 1895. The daily average sick was 44.8
against 48.4 in 1894. Ague, dysentery, debility, diarrhoea, epilepsy and chronic
pneumonic phthisis were the chief causes of admissions. Of the 68 deaths, 13
were due to chronic pneumonic phthisis, 12 to dysentery, 8 each to epilepsy and
Bright's disease, 4 each to paralysis and pneumonia, 3 to cholera, 2 each to ague,
heat apoplexy, bronchitis and diarrhœa and 1 each to influenza, remittent fever,
secondary syphilis, old age and debility, anœmia, dropsy, hemiplegia and fatty
degeneration of heart.
The following table gives the ratio of deaths per mille to the average daily
strength and the total population of each of the asylums as compared with that
of the previous year :—
Colába ...
...
Ratnágiri
...
Poona ...
...
Dhárwár
...
Ahmedabad ...
Hyderabad
(Sir
Cowasji Jehán-
gir)
Total ...
1895 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
l894 ...
1895 ...
1894 ...
Average daily
strength.
283.0
287.6
98.4
96.6
85.5
95.0
46.0
38.0
105.7
105.3
99.0
105.0
717.6
727.5
Total popula-
tion.
417
445
108
108
140
147
54
44
119
120
140
136
978
1,000
Number
of
deaths.
35
41
3
5
18
32
2
1
3
5
7
17
68
101
RATIO OF DEATHS PER
MILLE TO
Average daily
strength.
123.7
142.6
30.5
51.8
210.5
336.8
43.5
26.3
28.4
47.5
70.7
161.9
94.7
138.8
Total
Population.
83.9
92.1
27.8
46.3
128.6
217.7
37.0
22.7
25.2
41.7
50.0
125.0
69.5
101.0
8
Steward of the Colába Asylum and allowance to the Superintendent of the
Dhárwár Asylum and to the entertainment of the extra establishment at the
Poona Asylum.
Statement No. XI gives receipts and expenditure of the manufacturing
Department. The total credits amounted to Rs. 3,109-12-3 and debits to
Rs. 2,027-12-8, giving a profit of Rs. l,081-15-7 against Rs. l,258-9-6 in the
previous year. The average number of insanes employed during the year was
276.1 males and 65.2 females—total 341.1 as compared with 313.3 (males 254.6
and females 58.7) in 1894. In calculating the percentage of the lunatics
employed, those employed as supplementary servants of the asylums have also
been included in this statement, but the estimated value of their labour has not
been taken into account.
Statement No. XII gives the condition of the lunatics as to caste, sex and
marriage, and is summarized in the following tables :—
Table I.
Single ...
Married
...
Widowed ...
Unknown ...
Total ...
1894...
1895...
1894...
1895...
1894...
1895...
1894...
1895...
1894...
1895...
TOTAL NUMBER.
Treated.
Males.
380
346
250
286
59
59
119
113
808
804
Females.
26
26
100
94
41
31
25
23
192
174
Total.
406
372
350
380
100
90
144
136
1,000
978
Cured.
Males.
28
24
31
35
4
5
3
1
66
65
Females.
...
2
8
11
7
2
...
...
15
15
Total.
28
26
39
46
11
7
3
1
81
80
Died.
Males.
33
27
17
19
9
4
20
8
79
58
Females.
6
3
8
3
4
2
4
2
22
10
Total.
39
30
25
22
13
6
24
10
101
68
PERCENTAGE OF
Cured to treated.
Males.
7.4
6.9
12.4
12.2
6.8
8.4
2.5
0.8
8.2
8.0
Females.
...
7.6
8.0
11.7
17.1
6.4
...
...
7.8
8.6
Total.
6.9
6.9
11.1
12.1
11.0
7.7
2.1
0.7
8.1
8.1
Deaths to treated.
Males.
8.7
7.8
6.8
6.6
15.3
6.7
16.8
7.0
9.8
7.2
Females.
23.1
11.5
8.0
3.1
9.8
6.4
16.0
8.6
11.5
5.7
Total.
9.6
8.0
7.1
5.7
13.0
6.6
16.7
7.3
10.1
6.9
Table II.
Single
..
...
Married ...
...
Widowed
...
...
Unknown ...
...
Hindus ...
Mahomedans ...
Pársis ... ...
Hindus ...
Mahomedans ...
Pársis ... ...
Hindus ...
Mahomedans ...
Pársis ... ...
Hindus ... ...
Mahomedans ...
Pársis ... ...
Number.
1894.
167
119
14
203
82
28
61
18
7
91
42
...
1895.
158
103
15
226
87
31
55
22
3
86
43
...
Percentage to total
treated.
1894.
41.1
29.3
3.4
58.0
23.4
8.0
61.0
18.0
7.0
63.2
29.2
...
1895.
42.4
27.6
4.0
59.4
22.8
8.1
61.1
24.4
3.3
63.2
31.6
...
Percentage to total
of each caste.
1894.
32.0
45.6
28.6
39.0
31.4
57.1
11.6
6.9
14.3
17.4
16.1
...
1895.
30.1
40.4
30.6
43.0
34.1
63.3
10.5
8.6
6.1
16.4
16.9
...
Statement No. XIII shows particulars regarding criminal insanes. The
nature of the crimes were theft 27, culpable homicide amounting to murder 43,
9
culpable homicide not amounting to murder 7, suicide 4, voluntarily causing
grievous hurt 14, house-breaking 6, mischief and assault 9 and miscellaneous
offences 16.
12. The official visitors were regular in their attendance at all the
asylums except Colába, where in May 1895 the Commissioner of Police for the
City of Bombay was unavoidably absent, but no substitute was provided as
required by Government Resolution, General Department, No. 104, dated 12th
January 1874.
13. The Sir Cowasji Jehángir Lunatic Asylum at Hyderabad was inspected
by the Principal Medical Officer, Sind District, on 21st September 1895 and
found in good order. Surgeon Major-General P. S. Turnbull left the following
notes giving the results of his inspection tour :—
18th October 1895.—Inspected the Poona Lunatic Asylum and found it
in order, many minor defects having been remedied during the year.
Sheds for use during the day are required, and improved drainage all round
the institution.
12th December 1895.—Inspected the Dhárwár Lunatic Asylum and
found it in admirable order—clean and neat throughout. Much has been
done to improve the asylum during the past three years, but still a good
deal remains to be done to make it complete. Warders' quarters are
wanting, and some alterations in the asylum buildings proper. To these
Government sanction has been given, and it is hoped they will soon be
carried out.
14th January 1896.—Inspected the Lunatic Asylum at Ahmedabad and
found all in as good order as is possible in buildings which are structurally
defective,
15. The Colába Asylum was inspected on the 13th March 1896. Every-
thing there was found in the neatest and most orderly condition that the
circumstances admitted of. The patients were clean and well clad, the books in
excellent order and up to date ; the medicines and instruments carefully arranged
and kept in good condition, and the premises extremely clean and tidy. As is well
known, the buildings as a whole are unsuitable in many respects, but as a new
asylum is in course of construction, no further comment on this subject is
needed.
16. It gives me great pleasure to report that the Superintendents of all the
asylums performed their duties most efficiently throughout the year.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
H. COOK, M.D., Surgeon Major-General,
Surgeon-General with the Government of Bombay.
B 2209—3
STATEMENTS IV.
26
No. XI.
Showing Receipts and Expenditure on account of Manufactures in the Lunatic Asylums in the Bombay Presidency during the year 1895.
1
Name of Asylum.
Colába ... ...
Ratnágiri
...
...
Poona ... ... ...
Dhárwár
...
...
Ahmedabad ...
...
Hyderabad
(Sir
Cowasji Jehángir).
Total ...
2
Mean Population.
Male.
21.3
74.0
67.4
36.0
89.8
93.0
581.5
Female.
61.7
24.4
18.1
10.0
15.9
6.0
136.1
Total.
283.0
98.4
85.6
46.0
105.7
99.0
717.6
3
4
5
6
7
8
CREDITS.
Cash paid
into Treasury
during the
year for
articles sold.
Rs.
350
34
223
a.
13
9
7
p.
0
0
8
......
534
177
1,320
5
0
4
10
6
0
Value of
Manufactured
Goods made
over to
Asylum
for Asylum
purposes.
Rs.
584
57
a.
5
9
p.
1
3
......
171
196
5
3
3
2
......
1,009 6 9
Value of
Raw
Materials
in Store
at end of
the year.
Rs.
95
a.
0
p.
0
...
...
...
...
...
95 0 0
Value of
Manufac-
tured
Goods in
Store at
end of
the year.
Rs.
418
a.
0
p.
0
...
...
...
...
...
418 0 0
Value of
Plant and
Machinery
in Store
at end of
the year.
Rs.
185
82
a.
0
1
p.
0
6
...
...
...
...
267 1 6
Total
Credits.
Rs.
1,633
174
223
171
730
177
3,109
a.
2
3
7
5
9
0
12
p.
1
9
8
3
0
6
3
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
DEBITS.
Value of
Manufac-
tured
Goods in
Store
on 1st
January.
Rs.
347
a.
0
p.
0
...
...
...
...
...
347 0 0
Value of
Raw
Materials
in Store
on 1st
January.
Rs
110
a.
0
p.
0
...
...
...
...
...
110
0 0
Value of
Plant and
Machinery
in Store
on 1st
January.
Rs.
190
81
a.
0
9
p.
0
6
...
...
...
...
271 9 6
Raw
Materials
purchased.
Rs.
660
8
a.
4
0
p.
9
0
...
113 1 5
......
......
781 6 2
Contin-
gencies of
Manufac-
tures.
Rs a.
p.
...
11 3 0
...
...
505 10 0
...
516 13 0
All other
Charges.
Rs a.
p.
...
1 0 0
...
...
...
...
1 0 0
Total
Debits.
Rs.
1,307
101
a.
4
12
p.
9
6
......
113
505
1
10
5
0
......
2,027 12 8
16
17
RESULTS.
Excess of
Credits or
Profits.
Rs.
325
72
223
58
224
177
1,081
a.
13
7
7
3
15
0
15
p.
4
3
8
10
0
6
7
Excess of
Debits
or Loss.
Rs. a. p.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18
Average Number
of Insanes employed
during the year.
Male.
82.0
50.7
22.0
22.2
45.2
54.0
276.1
Female.
17.4
13.7
12.0
7.0
9.1
6.0
65.2
Total.
99.4
64.4
34.0
29.2
54.3
60.0
341.3
19
REMARKS.
STATEMENT XII.
Annual Reports.—
Report on the Lunatic Asylums in
the Bombay Presidency for the
year 1895.
General Department.
Bombay Castle,
No. 2194
15th May 1896.
Letter from the Surgeon General with the Government of Bombay, No. S.B.—406,
dated 20th April 1896—
Submitting the annual report on the Lunatic Asylums in the Bombay Presidency for
the year 1895.
RESOLUTION.—This report is clear and concise and calls for little comment.
The year was generally uneventful, but it is observed that there were again a
few cases of cholera at the Poona Asylum, the question of changing the site
whereof has been under consideration. The health of the insanes generally
was better than in the previous year and the death rate appreciably decreased.
2. Both the total asylum population and the average daily strength
somewhat decreased. There was a decrease from 95 to 85.5 in the average
daily strength at Poona, from 105 to 99 in that at Hyderabad, and an increase
from 38 to 46 in that at Dhárwár. The Ahmedabad Asylum, alterations and
extensions whereof are under consideration, was as usual very fully utilized.
3. Though there was not much change in total expenditure, there were,
as in the previous year, considerable fluctuations at some of the asylums, the
most noticeable being decreases of contingent expenditure from 6,319 to 4,881
at Colába and from 924 to 643 at Poona, and increases in establishment charges
from 1,692 to 2,933 at Dhárwár, and in contingent expenditure from 363 to 941
at Ahmedabad.
J. DE C. ATKINS,
Secretary to Government.
To
The Surgeon General with the Government of Bombay,
The Sanitary Commissioner for the Government of
Bombay,
The Commissioner in Sind,
The Commissioner, N. D.,
The Commissioner, C. D.,
The Commissioner, S. D.,
The Collectors of Ahmedabad, Poona, Dhárwár and
Ratnágiri,
The Judicial Department of the Secretariat,
The Public Works Department of the Secretariat,
The Editors' Table, Bombay,
With copies of
the report.
The Editors' Table, Poona, care of the City Magistrate, Poona,
The Editor of the Dhárwár Vritt (for his own use and for the use of
the Editors of other newspapers in Dhárwár),
The Editors' Table, Belgaum, care of the Secretary, Belgaum Muni-
cipality,
The Government of India,
The Secretary of State for India.
By letter.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION
AND
PROGRESS REPORT
ON THE
LUNATIC ASYLUMS IN THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY
FOR THE YEAR 1896.
Bombay :
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
1897.
Price—5 Annas.]
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION
AND
PROGRESS REPORT
ON THE
LUNATIC ASYLUMS IN THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY
FOR THE YEAR 1896.
Bombay:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
1897.
No. S.B./244 OF 1897.
From
THE SURGEON-GENERAL WITH THE
GOVERNMENT OF BOMBAY;
To
THE CHIEF SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,
General Department,
Bombay.
Office of the Surgeon-General
with the Government of Bombay :
Bombay, 13th May 1897.
SIR,
I have the honour to forward, for the information of Government, the
Annual Administration and Progress Report of the Lunatic Asylums in the
Bombay Presidency for the year 1896.
2. The Public Works Department have carried out the usual repairs during
the year.
3. At Colába the total cost of repairs to the buildings amounted to
Rs. 2,811-1-5 against Rs. 4,847-10-4 in the previous year. No new works have
been done or asked for during the year under report.
4. The plans and estimates for improving the defects in the Lunatic
Asylum at Ratnágiri, viz., for heightening a compound wall between the male
and female portions of the asylum, for enlarging the cook-room and for making
additional cells, which were submitted to Government, as mentioned in my last
year's report, have not yet been sanctioned.
5. At Poona the only change that has been made as regards the building is
the erection and completion of a day-shed for the male lunatics. The drainage
of the yards has been improved to prevent water lodging in them.
6. At Dhárwár quarters for the warders and servants were completed
during the year under review; latrine accommodation has still to be provided.
The alterations to the female yard and the building of a verandah and a wall to
isolate the present female day-room so as to include it in the portion of the
asylum used for the male lunatics, have also been completed. Three of the
single cells now open into the female airing ground instead of the male side of
the asylum as formerly.
7. At Ahmedabad the two day-sheds sanctioned in the year 1895 were
completed during the year under report The fixed presses in the store-room
were also provided out of my discretionary grant. The extension of the verandahs
and the provision of separate accommodation for criminal lunatics have been
postponed until such time as funds are available.
8. At Hyderabad there has been no change in the buildings during the
year under review, except that a Bijápur cooking range was erected at a cost of
about Rs. 160, which was paid out of the discretionary grant at my disposal.
This has caused a saving in the consumption of fuel by 4 ounces per head per
day, or about 2 annas per diem in cost. The Superintendent of the asylum
urges the necessity of raising the outer walls of the asylum, as at present they
are so low and out of repair that they offer no obstruction to the escape of
lunatics.
9. The water-supply was good and ample. At Colába the auxiliary tank
was almost always full and met the requirements of the institution. The full
B 2521-1
3
Particulars of the different kinds of these insanes are given in the follow-
ing table as ordered by the Government of India:—
Kind of criminal lunatics.
Those tried and acquitted on the
ground of insanity ... ... ...
Those insane on admission and found
to be incapable of making a defence.
Those who became insane during im-
prisonment ... ... ...
Total ...
Colába.
10
34
7
51
Ratná-
giri.
7
18
1
26
Poona.
...
3
5
8
Dhár-
wár.
...
4
8
12
Ahmed-
abad.
4
10
4
18
Hyder-
abad (Sir
Cowasji
Jehán-
gir).
4
10
1
15
Total.
25
79
26
130
Statement No. III is a return showing the religion, sex and residence of
the insanes admitted during the year under report. Of the 292 admissions and
re-admissions, 64 were Christians (46 Europeans, 4 Eurasians and 14 Native
Christians), 139 Hindus, 69 Mahomedans and 20 of other castes. Of the 36
European military insanes, 27 were from Bombay, 7 from the Punjáb and 2
from Bengal. Of the 9 civilian admissions, 7 came from Bombay and 2 from the
Punjáb. The remaining one European was a sailor brought from the Bombay
Harbour.
Statement No. IV shows the previous occupation of the patients admitted
during the year 1896. Beggars and mendicants form the majority, viz. 61,
cultivators numbered 44, soldiers 32 and traders and merchants 23. In 20
cases the occupation was not ascertained, and 29 had no occupation.
Statement No. V gives the ages of the insanes admitted according to sex.
Under 20 there were 12 insanes (10 males and 2 females), between 20 and 40
there were 225 (187 males and 38 females), between 40 and 60 years of age
there were 50 (40 males and 10 females), and above 60 years 5 (2 males and 3
females).
Statement No. VI showing the various types of insanity is revised in
accordance with the orders of the Government of India contained in their Home
Department, Medical, No. 16—Medical—57 6—86, dated 10th July 1896,
embodied in the Bombay Government Resolution No. 3782, dated 26th August
1896, General Department. The following table gives the number remaining,
admitted, recovered, improved and died in each form of insanity :—
Mania ... ... ...
Melancholia ... ...
Dementia, including acquired im-
becility ... ...
Idiocy ... ... ...
Epileptic insanity ... ...
Consecutive insanity from fevers,
visceral inflammation, &c. ...
Other forms of insanity ...
Declared to have recovered or not
yet diagnosed ... ...
Total ...
Remain-
ing.
373
105
161
33
20
5
11
6
711
Admitted.
151
59
55
4
9
...
11
3
292
Total.
524
164
216
37
29
5
22
9
1,006
Recovered.
42
9
7
1
1
...
3
9
72
Improved.
57
19
15
...
1
...
1
...
93
Died.
32
18
18
2
8
...
...
...
78
11
I inspected the Colába Asylum on 4th March 1897 and was very pleased
at the excellent way in which this asylum is managed by Surgeon-Lieutenant-
Colonel Boyd. The buildings are old and not suited for an asylum, but they
have always been kept scrupulously clean, and by judicious arrangements the
defects in the building have been greatly obviated. The efficiency of this asylum
reflects great credit on Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Boyd and his subordinates.
The new asylum will, it is hoped, be soon finished and ready for occupation.
16. In conclusion I beg to state that all the Superintendents have per-
formed their duties most efficiently.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
H. COOK, M. D., Surgeon-Major-General,
Surgeon-General with the Government of Bombay.