NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
19
Montgomery District, in the hope that, on the colonization
of the Nili Bar, the interests of cattle-breeders will be given
full consideration. The necessity for more close co-ordi-
nation of interests between the Military Dairies and the
cattle-breeders in districts of particular importance in deal-
ing with this breed, which is so largely sought after for
milking purposes. We have in the Military Dairies of this
country milk recording societies on a large scale, the re-
sults of which, if properly turned to account for the benefit
of the dairy industry, should be of the greatest assistance to
cattle-breeders. It is satisfactory to learn that land is being
acquired by the Military Dairy Farms for the rearing of
young stock born on the dairies. - It is hoped that in the
interests of the dairy industry this policy will be extended
as far as possible in future.
II—EQUINES
Number of
stallions-
Table X.
27. At the close of the year there were 67 horse and
pony s allions at work in the non-select-
ed districts of the province, as comp
ared with 65 at the close of the previous year. The number of
donkey stallions was 76 against 77 in last year.
Services of
stallions-
Table XI.
28. Two hundred and six mares were covered by horse
stallions and 3,530 by pony stallions
during the year under report-an average
of 51.5 and 58.8, respectively. The
total number of mares covered by donkey stallions was
4,416 or an average of 61.3 per stallion, compared with 3,692
coverings and 53.5 average last year.
Feed and keep of stal-
lions—Table XII.
29. The average cost of feed and keep of stallions for
the year under report was Rs. 652 per
horse, Rs. 647 per pony and Rs. 366
per donkey, against Rs. 608, Rs. 583
and Rs. 314, respectively, last year.
III.—GOAT AND SHEEP BREEDING.
30. During the year under report cross-bred merinos
to the number of 60 rams and 137 ewes were purchased on
behalf of private individuals for breeding purposes from the
Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, and were sent to the
following districts:—
Ferozepore, Shahpur, Hissar, Multan, Gujrat, Jullundur and
Sheikhupura.
20
The merino cross is making a certain amount of pro-
gress in the districts in the hands of owners who take an
interest in their flocks. The problem, however, of securing
for the small owner the fair market value of his wool can
only be dealt with on a co-operative basis; its solution
would make for the popularity of the merino in the districts
more than any other factor.
IV.—FAIRS AND SHOWS.
Fairs and Shows—Tables
XIII and XIV.
31. The statistical information regarding horse and
cattle fairs and shows is incorporated in
Tables XIII and XIV. Horse fairs
were held in 3 districts and cattle fairs
in 19 districts.
The following statement shows the number of horse and
cattle fairs and shows attended by the officers of the Depart-
ment during the year under report:—
Attending officers.
Chief Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Punjab,
Lahore.
Officiating Deputy Superintendent, Civil Voterinary Depart-
ment, Punjab, Lahore.
Captain K. J. S. Dowland, Officer under training
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, South Punjab,
Ferozepore.
Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
Ferozepore.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North Punjab,
Rawalpindi.
Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Rawal-
pindi.
Horse fairs
or shows.
1
...
...
* 8
...
...
...
Cattle fairs
or shows.
3
1
2
6
1
3
1
* On behalf of Army Remount Department.
The remaining fairs or shows were either attended by
the Veterinary Inspectors of this Department or abandoned
on account of scarcity of fodder, prevalence of contagious
diseases, etc.
V.—MISCELLANEOUS.
Cattle Insurance.
32. The reports received regarding the progress of the
cattle insurance societies in the province
are so far encouraging. Up-to-date no
heavy demands have been made on the resources of the socie-
21
ties owing to mortality from disease, so that all the societies
have had a favourable start. The progress of the movement
will necessarily be slow; it would be too much to expect
that the advantages of cattle insurance should readily appeal
to all cattle owners: one must rather anticipate slow begin-
nings and slow progress. It is a matter of congratulation that
so far contagious disease has claimed veryfew victims amongst
insured animals. It seems an opportune time therefore to
examine the weak points of our system of control over
outbreaks of contagious disease. When we find in the head-
quarters of the, cattle insurance movement, the Rohtak Dis-
trict, a quite inadequate veterinary staff, powerless to en-
force even the most elementary rules of segregation, and a
reporting agency consisting of Patwaries who do not yet
realise the necessity of reporting disease when it occurs in
their villages, it seems necessary to draw attention to the
absence of safeguards being given to a movement which is
now on trial in this province.
PART IV.-Establishment.
Numerical
strength—
Table VII.
33. At the end of the year under report the sanc-
tioned cadre of the subordinate veteri-
nary staff was 226 (23 Veterinary Inspec-
tors and 203 Veterinary Assistants) as
compared with 210 (18 Veterinary Inspectors and 192 Veteri-
nary Assistants) last year. The total number of subordinates
working at the close of the year was:—
Veterinary Inspectors
„
Assistants, First grade
„
„
Second „
„
„
Third
„
...
...
...
...
Total
19
38
77
74
208
(includes 3 Veteri-
nary Assistants
officiating
as
Veterinary In-
spectors) .
During the year under report 13 Veterinary Assistants
were released from Military service; but this still leaves a
balance of four Veterinary Assistants who have not yet been
released from Military duty.
22
PART V.—Expenditure.
Expenditnre—Table XIV
(A).
34. The expenditure of the Department is given in
Table XIV (A). The figures are, as usual,
supplied by the Accountant-General,
Punjab, and are subject to modification,
if necessary, when the accounts of the year are finally closed.
PART VI.—General Remarks.
35. Proposals for strengthening the staff to permit of
one Veterinary Inspector for each district, and 30 Veterinary
Assistants, based on our actual requirements for the opening
of new hospitals, have been submitted to Government, out
of which 4 additional Veterinary Inspectors and 10 Veteri-
nary Assistants have recently been sanctioned.
I quote from the Financial Commissioner's review on the
working of the Co-operative Societies in the Punjab for the
year ending 31st July 1920 to show the enormous losses to
the Punjabi zamindars from contagious disease, losses which
could be considerably reduced if an adequate veterinary
staff is provided with the necessary powers to deal with
disease. "Over Rs. 16 lakhs, nearly one-quarter of the
whole sum lent, were advanced for replacement of cattle.
This last item clearly demonstrates the enormous burden
borne by the cultivating classes on account of high cattle
mortality and leaves no room for doubt that much greater
veterinary assistance is needed than is available now."
Both the clerical and subordinate staff have worked well
throughout the year. The following Veterinary Inspectors
deserve special mention for the interest shown in their
work:—
Veterinary Inspector
...
„ „ ...
„
„...
„ „ ...
„ „ ...
„
„...
Barkat Ali.
Talib Hussain.
Mohammad Abdulla.
Thakar Singh.
Mohammad Jan,
Sochet Singh.
The Chief Superintendent's thanks are due to Major
Sykes and Mr. Garewal, Superintendents, North and South
Punjab, for the able assistance they have given him, and to
Rai Sahib Lala Kotu Ram whose efforts in the cause of
cattle-breeding are most valuable; also to all District officers
who have so kindly assisted this Department.
23
Annual Report of Government Cattle Farm,
Hissar, for 1920-21.
1. I was incharge of the Farm for the whole of the
year under report.
2. The following officers of the Civil Veterinary
Department were deputed to the Farm for training during
the year:—
1. Captain T. M. Doyle from April 2nd to June 2nd
and from September 10th to November 5th,
2. Captain E. Sewell from October 16th to December
15th, and
3. Captain K. J. S. Dowland from January 4th
to March 2nd.
At the end of the year Captain Sewell was again deput-
ed to the Farm to supervise feeding experiments.
3. Sayad Ghulam Hussain, Farm Overseer, was appoint-
ed Deputy Superintendent on the 1st April 1920 in place of
Captain R. Morris, retired.
The post of the Farm Bailiff was converted into a
gazetted post on the same grade as Deputy Superintendents
Civil Veterinary Department, during the year.
4. A new post of Assistant Superintendent for the
Farm on the cadre of the Civil Veterinary Department has
been sanctioned by the Secretary of State, and it is under-
stood that an officer is being selected to fill the appoint-
ment.
5. Demand for Farm stock continued keen. Total
receipts for the year amounted to Rs. 2,02,501. This is a
record.
6. Apart from the encouraging demand for stock
the year was most unfortunate in every way. The rainfall
was the lowest of which I have any record (records go back
to 1st April 1899) and amounted to 5.74" only.
Not only did the rains fail locally: they were also
deficient in the hill area which feeds the Jumna river
resulting in abnormally low canal supplies throughout the
year.
24
The year was also unlucky as regards disease, breaking
the usual rule that dry years are healthy.
The period of acute fodder famine began in November;
stock generally at that time were in good condition, owing
to the fortunate fact that most of what rain that did fall fell
in one period, from July 25th to August 4th. These few
wet days were sufficient to cause a growth of short grass,
and stock had grazing from August 10th to the end of
September. Had the above rain been spread over a longer
period as often occurs, no grass at all might have appeared.
From August 5th to the end of the year the total rain-
fall was 1/10 th of an inch.
7. Fodder in reserve at the end of the year amounted
to 11,896 maunds (of 82 lbs each) only, as against 63,779
maunds on the 1st April 1920.
Fodder issued to stock during the year amounted to
176,760 maunds Of this all, except 6,099 maunds, was
grown on the Farm. It was, of course, never possible to
contemplate hay making during the year. All the fodder
produced during the year was from the irrigated cultivation
blocks.
S. Contagious diseases.—As noted above, the year
was unfortunate as regards disease.
The following diseases showed themselves.
(a) Anthrax.- Thirty-two cows and 2 sheep died of this
disease. This disease had not previously been de-
tected on the Farm since the Civil Veterinary-
Department took it over in 1899. A serious out-
break however is said to have occurred in 1895.
A note describing this outbreak has been written and
offered to the "Agricultural Journal" for
publication.
(b) Black-quarter.—Forty-nine deaths occurred from
this disease as against 16 in the previous year.
(c) Contagious abortion (Equine).—Nine pony and Arab
mares and 36 donkey mares aborted during
the year, as against 3 and 3 in the previous
year.
25
Since 1914, when this disease first assumed serious pro-
portions, the percentage of mares aborting annually has
been:—
Year.
1914-15
1915-16
1916-17
1917-18
1918-19
1919-20
1920-21
Total number
of mares
aborted.
18
6
7
16
5
6
45
Per centage of wares aborted.
Pony mares.
15
7
8
10
1
4
12
Donkey
mares.
4
0
0
8
4
3
36
Except for 1917-18, a year of flood in which most
diseases increased, we appeared up to this year to be gradu-
ally getting control of this disease.
The recent serious outbreak is most disappointing, and
it may be advisable to stop equine breeding operations on the
Farm altogether for a period.
A paper on this disease by Captain Doyle and myself is
being published as a Veterinary Bulletin.
(d) Foot and Mouth Disease.—The usual spring and
autumn outbreaks occurred. Only 3 animals died of this
disease, as against 21 in the previous year.
(e) Orchitis,— Individual cases of orchitis have always
been fairly common on the Farm. This year, however, a
regular epidemic occurred amongst young stock of donkey
colts.
A note on the outbreak has been written by Captain
Sewell and myself for publication as a Veterinary Bulletin.
(f) Rinderpest.—Thirty deaths occurred as against two
in the previous year. The disease was introduced by move-
ment of outside cattle through the bir. There was consider-
able movement of cattle through the neighbourhood in the
autumn, owing to the approaching fodder famine.
D
26
9. Table XVI at the end of this report shows the
changes in tbe Farm stock during the year. The following
were the more important changes:—
Herd bulls.—Three were sold (by auction).
One was entered during the year and has developed
well.
Supernumerary bulls.—The following were issued:—
District Boards in the Punjab......
Muktesar laboratory
......
Rangoon (Private buyer)
......
Trinidad Government...
...
Jamaica Government
......
239
1
1
3
13
The number issued to Punjab District Boards constitu-
tes a record.
Young Stock.—Suffered severely from Rinderpest in the
autumn, and Black-quarter in the spring, and from short-
age of grazing throughout the year.
The following were sold:—
Females
...
Private buyers 60
119 "females" were transferred to cows.
Cows.—Eight hundred and sixty calved during the
year.
Bullocks.—We were informed in September 1920 that
the Military Department would not require any of these
animals during the year. Demand, however, for these
animals is keen, and the following were sold:—
To jails ...
...
...
...
To private owners
...... ...
To Military farms
.........
To Deputy Commissioner, Lahore...
...
Punjab Veterinary College......
Canal Department......
Sanitary Commissioner, Punjab......
Total... ...
6
7
12
10
2
2
2
41
27
The highest price realised for a pair of bullocks was
Rs. 650.
Mules—were issued as follows:—
To the Army Remount Department
To Pusa Agricultural Institute ...
To private owners
... ...
... 40
... 3
... 3
Arab Breeding Scheme—has continued to be dogged
by misfortune. In the year under report, in common with
mule and donkey breeding, the experiment has suffered
from contagious abortion, 3 mares aborting during the
year.
Donkey Stock.—One new stallion No. 354 was added
during the year. His measurements are:—
Height.
130½ j
Girth.
56½"
Shank.
7 1/8 "
The following colts were issued:—
To the Army Remount Department
To Punjab District Boards ...
To North-West Frontier Province ...
To private breeders ... ...
To Java Government ...
... 6
... 6
... 4
... 1
... 8
Seven donkey fillies and 1 donkey mare were also
sold to Java Government.
The donkey breeding for the year was completely
ruined by the outbreak of contagious abortion, the number of
full time foals born being 29 only, against an average of 60.
Sheep—Sixty male lambs and 137 female lambs were
sold for breeding during the year, as against 108 male and
55 female lambs in the previous year.
The demand for ewe lambs is very keen, and of course
cannot be complied with, as most of the ewe lambs bred on
the Farm have to be kept to be drifted into the farm flocks.
The demand for ram lambs does not appear to be increasing,
which is a pity, as the issue of ram lambs must have in-
comparably greater effect on indigenous flocks than the
issue of ewes.
The total realised for wool amounted to Rs. 4,040.
In spite of the famine conditions the Farm flocks were
maintained throughout the year with little or no stall feed-
ing.
28
Except for a severe outbreak of pneumonia at the end
of the year, casualties among sheep were not excessive.
The pneumonia was probably partly due to the abnor-
mal weather, the first three weeks of March being hot
up to 200 above normal: the last week just after the
sheep were shorn was cold, being some degrees below nor-
mal: and partly due to low condition owing to scanty
grazing.
Sheep and lambs in low condition are peculiarly sus-
ceptible to pneumonia.
10. Cultivation.—Detail of grain and fodder received
from the area under cultivation during the year:—
Nome of crop.
Oats
(Arena sativa) ... ...
Oats bhoosa (Avena sativa) ... ...
Oats in straw (Avena sativa) ... ...
Oats green (Avena sativa) ... ...
Jowar green ( Sorghum Vul gare) ... ...
Jowar kurby (Sorghum Vul gare) ... ...
Ensi l ege jowar ( Sorghum Vul gare) ... ...
Guar (Cyampsi s psoral i oi des) ... ...
Guar green (Cyampsi s psoral i oi des) ... ...
Guar bhoosa (Cyampsi s psoral i oi des) ... ...
Green l ucerne (Medi cago sativa) ... ...
Green grass ( Cynodon dactyl on) ... ...
Green sarson (Brassi ca var gl anca) ... ...
Total ...
Quantity.
Mds. S.
7, 846 0
14, 692 0
750 20
20, 908 80
34, 300 31
19, 123 35
4, 633 20
89 20
12, 391 0
73 0
6, 270 20
6, 074 10
885 24
127, 539 10
Maund = 82 lbs.
Val ue.
Rs.
29, 384
14, 692
1, 501
10, 454
13, 985
30, 598
3, 089
447
6, 195
146
4, 055
3, 402
442
1, 18, 394
A.
0
0
0
6
8
3
0
8
8
0
13
4
12
0
P.
0
0
0
0
6
2
0
0
0
0
4
5
9
2
Oats harvested in the spring 1920 were good.
One hundred acres in the stable farm, which is well
placed for manure, yielded approximately 20 maunds clean
oats and 40 maunds bhoosa per acre.
29
Jowar in 1920 was less damaged by insect pests than
usual. Cut worm (a species of agratis) destroyed a few
acres of freshly germinated jowar in April 1920.
The borer worm did less damage than usual, possi-
bly owing to attempts to destroy it in the moth stage by fire
and light traps; more probably owing to the severe frost,
which destroyed hibernating larvæ in February.
Jowar crop 1920, was above average, and would have
been the best on record, had it not been for the failure of
the rains, and a prolonged stoppage of the canal for repairs
in August.
A small area of Japanese sarson as a cold weather
green fodder crop was tried. It was not very successful,
possibly because it was sown too late. The first cutting was
about equal in weight to an average green oats cutting.
The second cutting was poor. Everywhere it died after the
second cutting.
So far as my experience goes up-to-date, oats and
lucerne are still the best cold weather green crops for this dis-
trict.
Cut worm was again destructive in early sown jowar in
March 1921; and losses were very severe, some 25 acres be-
ing destroyed.
The Farm Bailiff, Mr. Read, and the second Farm.
Overseer, M. Atta Muhammad, while officiating as Farm
Bailiff worked with credit.
11. Veterinary Hospital.—The average number of
cases treated daily was 51 as against 50 in the previous
year.
Number of mules castrated
„ „ pony colts castrated
„ „ cattle
„
„
„
„ male lambs castrated
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
17
2
44
3
Number of animals inoculated against:—
Black quarter ...
Rinderpest ...
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
and Anthrax ...
...
...
....
...
...
...
...
...
1,398
2,804
500
946
D2
30
12. Miscellaneous.—A new combined thresher and
straw bruiser arrived from England in February, and was
erected and began work in March. The new machine is
larger than its predecessor, having a 4½ feet drum as
against 3 feet drum, and embodies various minor improve-
ments. So far as can be estimated from a few days' working
the new machine will exceed the outturn of the former
machine by about 100 per cent., and will result in con-
siderable savings in oil, coal, and labour.
Feeding experiments—A beginning was made with this
much needed work at the end of the year. The results
promise to be interesting and instructive, and will probably
demonstrate the advisability of undertaking more work on
the same lines.
Fodder experiments.—A powerful hand baling press
has been obtained second hand from the Army Department,
and it is proposed to carry out some experiments as to the
practicability and utility of baling leaf fodder.
Sheesbam, keekar, peepal, in fact the leaves of nearly
every tree in this district are readily eaten by cattle, and if
they can be successfully baled and stored, might do much to
diminish losses of stock in future famines.
Bir ploughing.—Some experimental
areas
were
ploughed in the bir, using the freshly imported cultivator
and tractor. No deductions could be made as to the effect
in increasing growth of grass owing to the failure of the
rains.
13. As usual in fodder famine years the staff had
an especially trying time the extra stall feeding adding
greatly to the work of supervision.
The new Deputy Superintendent, Sayad Ghulam
Hussain, and the new Farm Overseer, M. Muhammad
Ashfaq, have filled their posts with credit.
The office staff have worked well during the year,
especially the Head Clerk and the Accountant.
14. As was the case last year a few photographs of
Farm stock are shown at the end of this report.
No. 1—Represents a full grown herd bull in his
prime.
31
No. 2.-A yearling C B Arab Colt. By "Gunboat"
out of an Ahmadnagar bred mare by "Con-
naught".
No. 3.—Cross Bred Merino ram lambs grazing.
No. 4.—A four year old bull, ready to enter the
herds.
No. 5.—A pair of donkey mares at work.
No. 6.—A bull calf one year old.
R. BRANFORD, I.C.V.D.,
Superintendent, Government Cattle
Farm, Hissar.
A full grown herd bull in his prime,
A yearling C. B. Arab Colt by "Gunboat."
Cross bred Merino ram lambs grazing.
A four years old bull ready to enter the herds.
A pair of donkey mares at work.
A bull calf one year old.
TABLES.
No.
I
II
III
IV
V
VII
VIII
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XIV(A)
XV
XVI
XVI(A)
XVII
XVIII
Subject.
Statement showing the main results of the Punjab
Veterinary College ... ... ...
Statement showing the number of deaths from
contagious diseases amongst animals ...
Statement showing results of preventive inocula-
tion ... ... ... ... ...
Statement showing the number of animals treated
and castrated by Veterinary Assistants on tour.
Statement showing the number of animals treated
and castrated at Veterinary Hospitals and Dis-
pensaries ... ... ... ...
Statement showing the total strength of subordi-
nate veterinary staff employed ... ... ...
Return of stud bulls ... ... ...
Return of horse, pony and donkey stallions under
local bodies ... ... ... ...
Services and produce of each class of horse, pony
and donkey stallions under local bodies
Statement showing average cost of feed, keep,
attendance, etc., of horse, pony and donkey
stallions ... ... ...
Abstract of particulars regarding horse fairs and
shows held in non-selected districts
Abstract of particulars regarding cattle fairs and
shows ... ... ...
Statement showing cost of Civil Veterinary De-
partment ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Expenditure by local bodies ... ... ... ...
Return of animals on the Hissar Cattle Farm ... ... ...
Return of sheep on the Hissar Cattle Farm ... ... ...
Results of donkey and mule breeding on the Hissar
Farm ... ... ... ...
Abstract showing main results of the working of
the Hissar Farm ... ... ...
Pages.
i
ii-iii
iv-vii
viii-ix
x-xi
xii
xiii
xiv
xv
ib.
xvi-xvii
xviii-xix
xx
xxii-xxiii
xxiv- xxv
xxvi
xxvii
xxviii
TABLE I.
STATEMENT SHOWI NG T H E MAI N RESULTS O F T H E PUNJAB VETERINARY COLLEGE, LAHORE, F O R T H E YEAR 1920-21.
Name o f t h e
Institution.
1
Punj ab Ve-
terinary
Col l ege.
Name of Course
of
Instructi on.
2
Vet eri nary Gra-
duat e Coarse.
NUMBER
O F STUDENTS.
Admi t
t
ed
during the
year (April
1920).
Scholarship hol de r
s .
3
13
Military and other students.
4
67
Passed final examination during the year
ending April 1921.
5
58
Failed to pass the final examination.
6
5
Remaining under
instruction at the end
of the year.
In ordinary course.
7
167
Instruction prolonged by
reason of failure.
8
34
STUDENTS ADMITTED
DURING
THE YEAR
CLASSED BY
EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS.
Matriculated or with higher
qualification.
9
11
Knowing some English, but not
matriculated.
10
64
Knowing no English or very
little English.
11
5
RECEIPTS FROM
Fees.
12
Rs.
11, 417
Other sources.
13
R s .
10, 150
Total
14
R s .
21, 567
EXPENDI TUSE ON
Salary of Instructing staff.
15
R s .
76, 330
Other expenses.
16
R s .
64, 943
Total.
17
R s .
1, 41, 273
EMPLOYMENT OF
GRADUATES WHO PASSED
OUT DURING 3 YEARS
PRECEDING.
Number passed.
18
163
In service of Government or
local bodies.
19
145
In service of other bodies or
institution.
20
17
In private practice.
21
1
Number unemployed.
22
REMARKS.
23