iv
CONTENTS.
Para. 8.—Comparison of Relapsing Fever of mules with that of man. A number of remarkable points
of difference.
„ 9.—Possible links of union.
„ 10.—The "Relapsing Fevers." Induced disease in monkeys and dogs. Failure to induce in
bullock and goat. Disease in camel (Evans).
„ 11.—Nomenclature—'' Equine Relapsing Fever.''
„ 12.—Differential diagnosis of the disease : Anthrax—Kamri.
„ 13.—Relations of spirill-oid with non-parasitic organisms discussed.
„ 14.— Causes. Is the organism the materies morbi ? Inoculation with blood in which spirilloids were
not detected. Their mode of entry into the circulatory channels.
„ 15.—This is a disease on the development of which predisposition has little influence.
„ 16-—Incubation of the disorder as experimentally induced. Unfortunately we do not know the
incubation of the natural disease. Difficulties in diagnosing cases ordinarily experienced.
„ 17.—We have no evidence that the spirilloids leave the blood; this may account for the non-
contagious nature of the mule disease, in support of which non-contagion the arguments
are strong.
„ 18.—Predisposing Causes : Breed and conformation.
„ 19.—Size. Do largest mules specially suffer ?
„ 20.—Age, Sex, Physique, Color. Some mules die from the acute disease when fat.
„ 21.—Influence of work. Puckal duty.
„ 22.—Exposure to weather. Overcrowding.
„ 23.—Influence of stables at Rangoon and Tonghoo. The theory of disease wave. Physical
geography of stations. Arrangement of stables and lines. Air examination.
„ 24.—Differences between Government and private stables. Why are Thayetmyo and Moulmein
free from the disease ?
„ 25.—Influence of season. Barometric pressure, rainfall, humidity of the atmosphere, and temper-
ature. Charts illustrating this.
„ 26.—Concurrent prevalence, or reverse, of diseases in man. Chart.
„ 27.—Water-supply suspicious, especially water from marshes. No special supply to be con-
demned.
„ 28.—Diet.—This is open to much improvement at both the affected stations, especially at Ton-
ghoo. Gram defects. Fodder insufficiencies ; possible conveyance of disease by slime on
tank-grass.
„ 29.—Influence of attendants ; also of general management. Fuller instructions in animal
management to Transport Officers needed.
„ 30.—Why artillery mules and sapper mules free from the disease ?
„ 31.—Monthly distribution of admissions to treatment unfortunately not accurate enough as a
basis for conclusions as to time of action of cause.
„ 32.—Precis of conclusions as to causes of the disease.
„ 33.—Treatment—Curative. Has hitherto been ineffectual. Why? Methods tried. Carbolic and
salicylic acids. Hyposulphite of soda. Tonics—stimulants—catalytics—slight glimpses
of hope.
„ 34 & 35.—Preventative.—Change of air possibly will be beneficial. Trial suggested. Counter-
action of the specified causes.
„ 36.—Cremation of carcases advisable.
PART III.—THE DISEASE (pp. 37—47).
Para. 1.—Introduction. Importance of Relapsing Fever.
„ 2.— Symptoms : vary in species, according to phase of outbreak, &c. Acute and chronic cases.
Difficulty in determining when a case commenced. Practical obstructions to diagnosis.
Absolute and exact diagnosis by means of special appliances possible to Veterinary
Surgeons. But time, not exceeding ten days, may be necessary for this. Condition of
visible mucous membranes ; general irritation of them. Generative phenomena. Dropsy.
Petechise. Their cause. Are they associated with spleen disorder ? Enlargement of
lymphatic glands. Appetite, Symptoms of gastric ulceration in man. Are they seen in
Relapsing Fever in mules ? Urine. Fæces. State of skin. Cachexia. Deficiency in
power of hind limbs not paralysis. General signs of malnutrition in chronic cases. No
critical perspiration.
„ 3.—The blood. Method of examination. Characters to naked eye and under microscope. Altered
red corpuscles, motile nuclei, no excess of white corpuscles. The abnormal movements of
the red elements. Parasites; their actions and appearances. Aniline stainings. Diagrams
of human and animal parasites (Spirochæta).
„ 4.—The thermometer and charts in diagnosis. Characters of the temperature. Pulse records
less valuable, but still sufficient for diagnosis. Breathing records. Minor and accidental
symptoms.
„ 5.—Duration of attack. Modes of death.
„ 6.—The immediate causes of death.
„ 7.—Post-mortem appearances.
„ 8.—Relations of the spirill-oid to the disease. Is it cause, result, accidental accompaniment ?
Its relations to fever phases and various symptoms. It suffices to explain all the pheno-
mena before and after death.
„ 9.—Summary of nature of Relapsing Fever of mules. Its being of a relapsing nature tends to
its chronicity.