NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
18
Hospitals.
Number of.—veterinary
hospitals—Table V.
48. During the year 12 new hospitals were started,
providing a net work of 270 hospit-
als for the province. The different
revenue divisions are now served by
hospitals as follows:—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Jullundur Division ...
Lahore
„...
Multan
„ ...
Ambala
„ ...
Rawalpindi „ ...
45
59
57
56
53
Hospitals.
„
„
„
„
149
157
139
121
110
Villages to each
hospital.
„
„
„
„
Owing to financial stringency this part of the 5
years' expansion programme for the next year has been
considerably curtailed.
Work of
veterinary
hospitals.
49. The total number of animals treated in the
veterinary hospitals was 934,795
against 857,951 during the previous
year. In addition, 125,721 cases
against 94,684 last year were supplied with medicines,
but were not brought to the hospitals.
The steady increase in the number of cases treated
at our veterinary hospitals is very satisfactory.
The department, however, rightly insists that its
staff will regard the control of contagious disease and
the improvement of the live stock of their ilaqas as its
major activities.
Outlying dispensaries.
50. Reports are almost unanimous that the system
of outlying dispensaries, which was
introduced some 3 years ago, has
done much to popularise the work of this depart-
ment in the villages. Fresh demands for permanent
veterinary dispensaries are now being received from
localities served by these dispensaries.
19
Building of veterinary
hospitals.
51. Rs. 71,048 were allotted by Government as
grants-in-aid, under specified condi-
tions, to the undernoted district
boards for the construction of vete-
rinary hospitals in rural areas:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Rohtak District Board ...
Karnal
„
„
...
Ambala
„
„
...
Ferozepore
„
„
...
Amritsar
„ „ ...
Sialkot
„ „ ...
Gujranwala „ „ ...
Shahpur
„ „ ...
Jhang
„
„
...
Dera Ghazi „
„
...
Khan
Total ...
Rs.
5,000
23,168
7,500
5,000
4,000
5,950
2,600
3,580
1,500
12,750
71,048
Simla veterinary hos-
pital.
52. The only provincial hospital in the province
is at Simla, which is being main-
tained by Government through the
agency of the municipality. The
receipts and expenditure of the Simla Veterinary
Hospital during the year under report were Rs. 12,226
and Rs. 8,808 respectively against Rs. 12,425 and
Rs. 9,227 respectively during the previous year.
The surplus of income over expenditure which
was credited into the Government treasury by the
Municipality amounted to Rs. 3,418 against Rs. 3,198
last year.
This result represents a very satisfactory year's
working. There is a very insistent demand which
must soon be met for the provision of better accommod-
ation for patients at this hospital.
Treatment of diseases in
villages—Table IV.
53. Forty-one thousand, seven hundred and seventy-
nine villages were visited by the dis-
trict staff on tour, and 304,212 anim-
als were treated as compared with
35,589 villages and 262,650 cases during the previous
year.
2. INCIDENCE OF DISEASE.
Mortality.
54. The year under report was, on the whole, a
healthy one for the live stock of
the province, the total mortality
from contagious diseases, as reported by patwaris,
being 24,282 against 29,146 in the previous year. Rinder-
20
pest accounted for 46 per cent. of the total mortality
reported from bovine diseases. The death-roll from
Hœmorrhagic Septicœmia came next in importance
owing to fairly extensive outbreaks in the Sialkot,
Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Muzaffargarh Districts.
Rs. 1,500 were again sanctioned by Government
for the grant of rewards to patwaris and lambardars
showing promptness in reporting cattle disease.
(a) Equines.
NOTE.—Only those outbreaks of contagious diseases amongst equines which
occur in non-selected districts of the province are dealt with by this department.
Glanders.
55. During the year under report 1 case of Glanders
was detected in Amritsar City. This
case occurred amongst tonga ponies,
which are generally kept under most insanitary condi-
tions within municipal areas.
Surra.
56. Apart from the special Surra centres, the total
number of cases confirmed from
other areas by microscopical examin-
ation of the blood was 53 as compared with 15 during
the previous year. The following 22 Surra centres were
maintained during this year. Four hundred and eighty-
seven Surra cases were treated at these centres, including
100 camels and 387 ponies, of which 94 camels and 354
ponies were discharged as cured. Enquiries show that,
out of 129 cases discharged as cured during the previous
season's work, there were only 7 relapses:—
1. Sharakpore.
2. Muridke.
3. Bhera.
4. Satrah.
5. Sheik hupura.
6. Qila Harnam Singh.
7. Wandoh.
8. Mukerian.
9. Karnal.
10. Panipat.
11. Kaithal.
12. Nuh.
13. Darapur.
14. Pasrur.
15. Jalalabad.
16. Dinga.
17. Sonepat.
18. Gohana.
19. Isa Khel.
20. Akalgarh.
21. Hafizabad.
22. Sohawa.
57. A decision against the retention of the Sohawa
laboratory, the buildings of which had become unsafe,
was reached during this year. Instead, a large Surra
centre has been established at Sheikhupura, where some
vacant buildings are being adapted for the purposes of
21
Surra investigational work under Deputy Superintendent
Bhai Kahan Singh, who is now in charge of the Gujran-
wala, Sialkot and Sheikhupura Districts.
(b) Bovines.
Rinderpest.
58. Rinderpest appeared in all the districts of the
province, except Simla and Mianwali.
ft was particularly severe in the
districts of Karnal, Kangra, Rohtak, Multan and Feroze-
pore.
Foot and Mouth disease.
59. The disease appeared in 23 districts, being most
severe in Rohtak District.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.
60. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia appeared in all dis-
tricts, except Simla. This disease
was responsible for heavy mortality
in Sialkot and Amritsar Districts.
Black Quarter.
61. This disease was reported from 12 districts of
the province. The heaviest mortality
took place in Sheikhupura Dis-
trict.
Anthrax.
62. Anthrax was confirmed from Sheikhupura
and Gujrat Districts. The disease
appeared in a subacute form.
Other contagious diseases.
63. During the year under report contagious
pleuro-pneumonia of goats, as well as
other diseases of a contagious nature,
occurred in 12 districts of the province.
In view of the prevalence of Brucella infections in
cattle and goats in this province, it is of interest to note
here that contagious abortion in bovines caused by the
Brucella abortus has now to be added to the list of animal
diseases communicable to man, in whom it takes a form
indistinguishable from Malta Fever—the undulant Fever
of the Mediterranean. The latter is a remittent fever,
with a very characteristic temperature chart, visible
illness lasting for weeks or months, which may prove
fatal in about 3 per cent. of cases.
There is reason to believe that infected goats yield
milk much more heavily charged with the bacilli than is
usual in cows. There is also a possibility that the
bacilli derived from cows are less virulent for man than
those from goats. A reassuring piece of information is
22
that boiling of milk is a perfectly certain means of
prevention; indeed a temperature much below the
boiling-point can be relied upon to destroy the bacilli.
(c) Other Animals.
64. The following diseases occurred amongst
"Other Animals" of the province during the year:—
Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth disease, Hæmorr-
hagic Septicæmia and other contagious dis-
eases.
3. PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Anti-Rinderpest inocula-
tions.
65. Anti-Rinderpest inoculations were performed in
517 outbreaks and 97,846 cattle were
inoculated against 436 outbreaks and
92,576 inoculations in the previous
year. Ninety animals died after inoculation, these were
probably in the incubative stage of the disease at the
time of inoculation.
66. Serum simultaneous inoculations against Rind-
erpest were performed at the Jehangirabad Cattle Farm
on 51 bulls for issue with satisfactory results. Serum
simultaneous inoculations of 1,951 cattle were also per-
formed in 2 villages of the Ambala District and 5 villages
of the Karnal District during the month of August.
Inoculations
against
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.
67. Preventive
serum
inoculations
against
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia were per-
formed in 482 outbreaks and 113,752
animals were inoculated as compared
with 414 outbreaks and 101,157 inoculations last year.
Preventive
vaccinations
against Hæmorrhagic Sep-
ticæmia.
68. Vaccinations against this disease were perform-
ed on 243,689 animals in 1,200 vil-
lages of 27 districts against 297,692
animals in 1,044 villages of 27 dis-
tricts during the previous year.
The highest number of vaccinations (18,268) was carried
out in the low-lying areas of the Muzaffargarh District.
Vaccinations
against
Black Quarter.
69. Vaccinations were performed on 19,083 animals
in 120 villages of 12 districts against
28,666, 131 and 14 respectively, dur-
ing the previous year.
23
Inoculations
against
Anthrax.
70. Preventive inoculations against Anthrax were
employed with good results in 3 out-
breaks in the Sheikhupura. District
and 34 animals were inoculated.
4. CASTRATIONS.
71. One lakh, seventy-nine thousand and fourteen
castrations were performed on tour as compared with
170,424 during the previous year. One lakh, eighty-five
thousand one hundred and seventy-seven castrations
were performed in the veterinary hospitals against
160,465 in the preceding year. Veterinary Assistants
have come to realise their responsibility for the carrying
out of castration work in their areas. The response
has been very satisfactory.
24
CHAPTER III.—Veterinary Education.
1. PUNJAB VETERINARY COLLEGE, LAHORE.
Charge.
72. Captain Walker held charge as Principal of the
college from the beginning of the
year up till 13th November 1929, when
he was relieved by Mr. W. Taylor on the latter's re-
version from the post of Director, Veterinary Services, in
which he was officiating in the absence of Mr. T. F.
Quirke, who proceeded on leave ex-India.
Students.
73. Of the 122 candidates for admission to the
college in September 1929, 61 were
admitted, 11 of whom were nominated
by other provinces and Indian States. This batch
included 5 Graduates, 52 Intermediates and 4 Matric-
ulates. Sixteen out of the 61 candidates admitted were
agriculturists. The total number of students at the
close of the year was 192. Twenty-three students left
the college during this year.
Examination.
74. The results below indicate satisfactory progress
during the year:—
Year.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Appeared.
53
35
45
26
Passed
46
29
43
16
The raising, last year, of the Entrance qualification
for admission to the College to the Intermediate standard
in Science or Arts Faculty promises to be quite success-
ful. Out of 47 students selected under the new admission
rules in October 1928, 36 recently passed their second
examination. The Pricipal of the college is of opinion
that, assuming prospects of employment to be favourable,
there will not be any difficulty in obtaining F.Sc. medical
group students in the course of a few years. He hopes
that the Intermediate colleges will cater for technical
institutions by providing more facilities in their curricula
for such students in future.
25
Hospital.
75. The attendance in the various wards of the
hospital was as follows:—
1 General Ward ...
2. Dog Ward
...
3. Con agious Wards
In-patients.
1,495
438
293
Against
last year.
1755
419
268
Out-patients.
4,057
662
156
Against
last year.
3,722
528
149
The average daily attendance was 136.58 against
137.83 last year. Forty-seven dogs underwent the
anti-rabic treatment during the year against 49 last year.
One hundred and fourteen X-ray photographs were
taken against 95 last year.
Income and expenditure.
76. The total income and expenditure of the
college, as given in table I, were
Rs. 36,964 and Rs. 1,95,479 respect-
ively.
Employment.
77. The demand for qualified men continues to be
satisfactory.
General remarks.
78. The health of the students remained good.
Their behaviour, in spite of the
political agitation in the country,
was excellent.
2. SHORT COURSES.
Training of syces.
79. A 15 days' free course of training is now being
given twice a year in April and
October at the Hissar Farm. Free
accommodation is also provided for syces attending
these courses.
Training in Surra treat-
ment.
80. Thirteen Veterinary Assistants, as well as 37
students of the Final Class, Punjab
Veterinary College, were trained
for Surra treatment work during
the year.
26
Pressers' Course.
81. One candidate of Holkar's Mounted Escort,
Indore, was trained in the Dressers
Class during the summer vacation.
Another from the Junagadh State was trained in the
Dog Ward of the College from December 1929 to
March 1930.
Farrriers' Course.
82. Eighteen candidates joined the Farriers' Class
in September 1929. Twenty-seven
candidates of the previous year
successfully completed the course during the year.
3. VETERINARY RESEARCH.
Hygiene Section.
83. Investigations into the "milk supply of
Lahore" are being carried out at
the instance of the Board of
Economic Inquiry, Punjab, under the supervision of the
Professor of Hygiene. A preliminary investigation
into the conditions of slaughter-houses in the province
is also being made by this officer.
Medicine Section.
84. A small laboratory has been equipped in the
Medicine Section of the college in
connection with the teaching of
clinical diagnostics for the testing and analysis of
urine. Electrolytic Chlorine is being manufactured in
the Hospital Section of the college, which has proved
satisfactory and economical for use in the clinic.
Pathological Section.
85. The following work was done in the Patho-
logical Laboratory:—
Post-mortem examinations carried out during the
year.
Pathological specimens examined
...
...
Small animals
maintained
for experimental
purposes.
Samples of milk examined free of charge for the
public in the Hygiene Section and reports
submitted.
102
126
184
27
Parasitology Section.
86. Certain experiments were carried out with
Tetrachlorethylene (Nema capsules
of Parke Davis & Co.) for the treat-
ment of equine intestinal Strongylosis and Ascariasis.
27
About 200 specimens were also examined during
the year for external and internal parasites of animals
and birds.
Surra Section.
87. Three new methods of treatment of Surra
were tried with a view to reduce the
time taken, and the number of in-
jections required, under the present system of treatment.
Though the results obtained so far are satisfactory,
nothing can be definitely said as the experiments were
carried out on artificial Surra cases only. Arrange-
ments are, however, being made to try these methods
on natural Surra cases in the near future.
Treatment according to —
Method I extends over 29 days, including 5 intravenous
injections.
„
„
II
III
„
„
„
„
21
16
„
„
„
„
5
4
„
„
Examination of patho-
logical specimens at Superin-
tendent's headquarters.
88. Fifty-four specimens were received from the
subordinate veterinary staff.
89. An investigation into the prevalence of
" Coccidiosis in Cattle and Buffaloes " in certain
villages of the Jhelum District was carried out by the
Superintendent of the circle in collaboration with the
Research Officer.
Other research work done
by Research Officer in the
field.
90. The carrying out of research into animal
disease, of which there are many
awaiting investigation, is greatly
handicapped by the fact that the
Research Officer has no proper facilities for carrying out
his work. He has no laboratory, neither has he any staff
to assist him.
In the early part of the year, in collaboration
with the Professor of Pathology, work was carried
out on two important diseases—one affecting poultry
and the other affecting buffaloes. Investigations into
these diseases are still in progress, and, although the
organisms responsible have not yet been definitely
28
determined, the mortality from these diseases has been
reduced by suitable preventive measures.
The period from June 16th until September 16th,
1929, was spent by the Research Officer on special duty
at the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research,
Muktesar.
During the months from June to September a fatal
disease occurring amongst cattle and horses in the
Sheikhupura and Gujrat Districts was investigated, and
which proved to be an atypical form of Anthrax. A
report was submitted, with photographs. Prophylactic
measures were adopted which brought about a cessation
of the outbreaks.
Investigations were also carried out on Coccidiosis
in cattle, which was prevalent in the Jhelum District.
During the cold weather a number of visits were
paid to Mr. Branford's farm at Lyallpur to determine
the cause of abortion amongst his mares, and satis-
factory tests were carried out in order to isolate affected
animals.
During the year periodic visits were paid to the
Government Cattle Farm at Hissar in connection with
outbreaks of disease.
A large number of specimens and slides were sub-
mitted by Veterinary Assistants in charge of the various
hospitals in the Punjab. These were examined and
reported upon.
4. DEMONSTRATION AND PROPAGANDA WORK .
91. During the year under report lectures were
delivered by the subordinate veterinary staff at all the
important horse and cattle fairs in the province. At the
same time, simple hand-bills and pamphlets in the
vernacular, dealing with contagious diseases of animals,
were distributed. Lectures were also delivered to the
rural uplift classes in schools and villages by members
of the department in the course of their tours.
Demonstrations by means of magic-lantern slides
diagrams, charts and pathological specimens, as well as
exhibits of live stock, were made at all the important
horse and cattle fairs throughout the province.
29
Although progress has been made in these simple
methods of propaganda, there is very great scope for
further advance on the lines of practical addresses and
demonstrations ; these could be carried out with greater
effect with the aid of appropriate cinematograph films.
District board meetings were also attended by the
members of the department for discussing matters
relating to the department.
92. Literary work done by the staff of the depart-
ment.—An article on " Necrosis of the Palatal Flap in a
Camel " by Messrs. Aggarwala and Nanda was published
in the English Veterinary Journal, Volume 86, No. 2, for
the month of February 1930.
Two books entitled " A Laboratory Manual of Milk
Inspection " and " Feeding of Cows " were written by
Mr. Aggarwala, Professor of Hygiene, Punjab Veterinary
College.
In addition to the above, several articles containing
useful
information on cattle diseases were con-
tributed by different members of the department to the
Punjab Veterinary Journal and also as professional
circulars to the district staff.
30
CHAPTER IV—Establishment.
(a) Gazetted Officers.
93. The following statement shows the strength of
gazetted officers employed in the Department during
the year :—
Sphere
Juristictien.
Lahore and Jullundur
Divisions, Feroze-
pore.
Ambala
Division,
Ambala.
Rawalpindi
and
Multan Divisions,
Rawalpindi.
Live Stock Section,
Lahore.
Camel
Specialist's
Office, Sonawa.
Government
Cattle
Farm, Hissar.
Punjab
Veterinary
College, Lahore.
Total …
Superintendents.
1
1
*2
†1
...
2(1)
1
(Principal)
8
Assistant Superin-
tendent .
…
…
…
…
…
4(2)
3
Professors
(Superior
Service).
1
Research
Officer.
8
Deputy
Superin-
tendents.
2
4
4
1
‡1
3
7
(Professors)
22
Total.
3
5
6
2
1
9
12
38
REMARKS.
Includes
1
Assistant
Superintendent.
†Live
Stock
Officer.
‡Sohawa Labora-
tory.
(1) Includes 1
Superintend-
ent
on
leave
pre-
paratory to
retirement.
(2) Includes 2
officers under
training, viz.,
Messrs. S. M.
Sarwar and
San t o k h
Singh.
31
(b) Non-gazetted Staff.
94. The following additional staff was sanctioned
during the year :—
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons... ...
Veterinary Assistants... ...
Total...
12
11
23
At the close of the year, the sanctioned cadre
of the subordinate veterinary staff was —
Veterinary Inspectors
... …
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons …
Veterinary Assistants ... ... ...
Total ... ...
16
40
316
372
32
CHAPTER V.—Expenditure of the Department.
Expenditure—Table X.
95. Details of expenditure under different heads
are shown in this table. During the
year under report the total expendi-
ture amounted to Rs. 23,87,726 as compared with
Rs. 24,60,562 in the previous year.
Of the total expenditure, a sum of Rs. 14,09,912 was
contributed by Government and Rs. 9,77,814 by local
bodies.
The figures shown under " Provincial " were supplied
by the Accountant-General, Punjab, as usual whilst
those under " Local " were obtained from the local bodies
concerned.
33
CHAPTER VI.
1. PROGRESS MADE BY THE DEPARTMENT IN GIVING
EFFECT TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ROYAL
COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURE.
(a) Sheep breeding.
96. One hundred and ninety cross-bred merino
rams and 70 ewes were issued to breeders in the Kangra
District at concession rates as against 70 rams last year.
Government has, during the year, further extended,
the scope of this concession to genuine breeders of all
hill areas in the Province. The flock of Bikanir desert
sheep recently established on the Hissar Farm will meet
the demand for the issue of suitable rams in the
plains districts.
Sites for the starting of sheep-breeding farms in
the Jhelum and Campbellpur Districts were inspected,
but so far no suitable area for a self-contained farm in
these hill districts has been selected.
A preliminary investigation has been completed of
the possibilities of developing the sheep breeding Indus-
try in the Dera Ghazi Khan District.
(b) Goat-breeding.
97. The flock of indigenous goats which was started
on the Hissar Farm in 1928 is making satisfactory pro-
gress. A number of male and female goats for issue to
districts will shortly be available.
(c) Cattle-breeding—Milk and Ghee Supply.
98. A greater number of pure Hissar-bred bulls was
supplied this year to districts from the Government
Cattle Farm Hissar, than in the previous years.
The details given elsewhere in this report of the
department's cattle breeding work testify to the steady
progress which is being made in raising the standard of
our village cattle in this province.
(d) Co-operative Cattle-breeding Societies.
99. There were 37 cattle-breeding societies in
Amritsar, 5 in Sheikhupura, 7 in Gurdaspur and 6 in the
Hissar District. The progress of these societies, though
slow, is, on the whole, satisfactory.
34
(e) Grants-in-aid.
100. Liberal grants-in-aid were given by Govern-
ment for the encouragement of cattle-breeding the
details of which are given elsewhere in this report.
(f) Cattle Fairs and Shows.
101. The number has increased from 98 to 139
during this year. The department is making full use of
these events to popularise its work in the villages.
(g) Castrations.
102. Three lakhs, sixty-three thousand, nine hundred
and ten castrations were performed as against 330,889 in
the previous year.
(h) Control of Live Stock Improvement.
103. The Live Stock Officer has been relieved of all
administrative charge of district work, and has been
made Assistant to the Director, Veterinary Services (for
breeding) solely for the study of animal genetics and
promoting schemes of cattle improvement.
(i) Diseases of Live Stock and their Control.
104. Details of the department's activities are
given elsewhere in this report.
2 . GENERAL REMARKS.
105. The reorganisation of the department, as
well as the training of young officers are being effected
with a minimum amount of interference to the general
work. Only three of the five divisional offices have
yet been opened ; it is hoped, however, that it will be
possible to provide for a separate office at Multan in
the near future.
In these days, when the department's activities are
rapidly expanding, the present strength of officers
makes it extremely difficult to spare men for under-
going courses of training. The lack of suitable provi-
sion is regrettable as such courses are essential to the
efficiency of a technical department.
As usual, Commissioner's and Deputy Commissioners'
sanads were awarded to zamindars in the different dis-
tricts for special help rendered to the department.