NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
18
lying north of the Grand Trunk Road, and comprising most
of the districts of Sialkot, Gurdaspur and Gujranwala, has
been surveyed.
After the close of the fly season parts of Kangra and
Hoshiarpur districts were searched in order to find if the
tick O. Crossi was prevalent in those areas. Up to the
present no such tick was found.
Some of the buildings in the laboratory are in bad
condition. The menials quarters have been condemned as
unsafe. Construction of new buildings is urgently desired.
W. TAYLOR, I. V. S.,
Principal,
The 16th June 1927.
Punjab Veterinary College, Lahore.
19
Report on the Civil Veterinary Department, Punjab,
for the year 1926-27 by Mr. T. F. Quirke, M.R.C.V.S.,
I.V.S., Chief Superintendent.
PART I.—ADMINISTRATION
1. The following statement shows the names of officers
who held charge of the several appointments and the details
of touring done by them during the year under report:—
Name of appointment.
Chief Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Punjab.
Superintendent, Civil Veteri-
nary Department, South
Punjab.
Superintendent, Civil Veteri-
nary Department, North
Punjab.
Deputy Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department,
Central Punjab Circle.
Deputy Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary
Department,
South Punjab Circle.
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Deputy Supeintendent, North
Punjab Circle.
Officer under training ..
Ditto ..
Name of
Officer.
Mr. T. F.
Quirke.
Mr. J. S.
Garewal.
Mr. T. J. Egan
Kh. Ghulam
Hassan.
P. Janki Nath
M. Muhammad
Abdullah.
S. Ghulam
Hussain.
M. Talib Khan
Mr. S. M. A.
Shah.
Mr. P. N.
Nanda.
DATE OF HOLD-
ING CHARGE.
From
1-4-26
1-4-26
1-4-26
1-4-26
1-4-26
3-1-27
3-1-27
1-4-26
30-7-26
30-7-26
To
31-3-27
31-3-27
29-3-27
31-3 27
31-3-27
31-3-27
12-3-27
31-3-27
31-3-27
28-2-27
Number of days spent
on
tour.
182
159
63
241
204
44
44
145
181
64
NUMBER OF
MILES.
By
rail.
12,487
15,299
3,865
9,540
6,747
1,148
1,880
5,897
4,974
2,088
By
road.
1,251
2,605
592
1,083
1,443
434
396
512
1,526
213
2. The Chief Superintendent, Superintendents, North and
South Punjab Circles, and the Deputy Superintendents toured
C 2
20
in their respective Circles in connection with horse, mule and
cattle-breeding, the investigation and control of contagious
diseases and inspection of Veterinary dispensaries, etc. As
usual, during the course of these tours, District Officers, Mem-
bers of District Boards and other prominent zamindars of
various districts were interviewed and matters freely discussed
relating to the Verterinary requirements of their districts.
3. Propaganda work by means of lectures and demons-
trations was carried out at all of the principal cattle fairs.
Arrangements were also made for Veterinary exhibits at
certain fairs with the object of demonstrating the methods
adopted by the Department for the improvement of the cattle-
breeding industry in the Province. In these exhibitions, the
best and most useful specimens of cattle were shown on one
side, and the bad and uneconomic animals on the other side.
The advantages and disadvantages of both types of animals
were explained to zamindars in as attractive a manner as
possible.
4. Every endeavour is made to induce the staff to keep
up to date in their professional work by closely scrutinising
their methods of treatment, as given in the hospital records.
This system of scrutiny and questioning of the staff on their
work is reckoned of very great importance and is being ex-
tended as far as possible, with our existing organisation.
It is undoubtedly having a very desirable effect in raising
the efficiency of our district staff, many of whom have learnt
to realise that as members of a technical department, they
cannot give efficient service without a knowledge of their
profession. Whilst every effort is being made, as far as re-
sources permit, to raise the standard of efficiency amongst
the subordinate staff, it is clearly indicated as the duty of the
department to provide for further facilities in the way of
regular refresher courses and more specially for the vernacu-
lar trained men who form a very large percentage of our
staff. These men, not knowing English, cannot take advant-
age of professional reference books except those written
in the vernacular, which are extremely limited. It will be
understood, therefore, that the department is awaiting its
opportunity to provide such necessary facilities for its staff,
as soon as the Veterinary organization in the Province is
strengthened sufficiently to be able to undertake this duty.
5. Since the appointment of a Live-stock Expert for
the Province from November last, the Chief Superintendent
22
Examination and collec-
tion of pathological speci-
mens.
9. During the year 180 specimens were received from
the subordinate veterinary staff for
examination. These were as usual exa-
mined in the laboratories attached to
offices at Lahore, Rawalpindi and Ferozepore.
(a) Equines.
NOTE.—Only those outbreaks of contagious diseases amongst equines which occur
in the non selected districts of the province are dealt with by this department.
Glanders.
10. Fourteen confirmed cases of glanders occurred in
3 districts of the Province, i.e., Jul-
lundur 3, Lahore 6, and Amritsar 5, dur-
ing the year under report against 13 cases in 5 districts
last year. None of the cases were reported by their owners.
These were either detected by the district staff or at the hos-
pital clinic of the Punjab Veterinary College, Lahore. It has
become necessary to keep a very careful watch for this disease
especially in the large Municipal areas and particularly
Amritsar where local conditions are very favourable to the
spread of this disease.
Antrax—Table II.
11. Like last year no case of Anthrax was reported
during the year under report.
Surra—Table II.
12. The total number of cases confirmed by mycros-
copical examination of the blood dur-
ing the year under report, was 123 as
compared with 210 during the previous year. The highest
mortality took place in Shahpur District. Centres for the
treatment of this disease are being maintained at Sheikhu-
pura and Bhera Veterinary hospitals. Methods of. treat-
ment are adopted there in collaboration with the Director,
Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktsar.
The results of the treatment are given in the Annual Re-
port of the Sohawa Laboratory.
Dourine—Table II.
13. No case of Dourine was detected during the year
under report. None last year.
Other contagious dis-
eases—Table II.
14. Eleven deaths were reported under this head during
the year under report against none last
year. In this are included such diseases
as strangles, Biliary Fever, influenza, etc.
23
(b) Bovinies.
Rinderpest—Table II.
15. Rinderpest appeared in all the districts of the
Province, 27,626 deaths were reported
against 52,269 in the previous year.
The disease was particularly rife in the Rohtak, Gurgaon,
Kangra and Sialkot districts. The department views with
some alarm, the very rapid increase in the number of fairs
throughout the Province owing to the increased facilities
provided for the dissemination of disease.
The Chief Superintendent fully sympathises with the
efforts being made by District Boards to supplement their
revenue by means of fairs, but he cannot support the opinions
of those District Board Members who regard the holding of a
fair as a suitable opportunity for the Department to deal
with contagious diseases when animals have been collected
at these fairs. It may be noted here for their future guidance
that contagious diseases such as Rinderpest and Hæmorr-
hagic Septicæmia do not lend themselves to ready methods
of detection at fairs, and that therefore, the practice of
holding fairs regardless of prevailing disease cannot com-
mend itself as a sound procedure for adoption by any Dis-
trict Board.
Anti-rinderpest inocula-
tion—Table III.
16. Anti-rinderpest inoculations were performed in
1,113 outbreaks and 211,295 cattle were
inoculated against 1,299 outbreaks and
232,159
inoculations in the previous year. Three
hundred and twenty animals died after inoculation
which were probably in the incubative stage of the
disease at the time of inoculation. The demand for
serum inoculations in the face of outbreaks of rinderpest
is now so great that on financial considerations alone it will
shortly need to be decided whether a system of rationing serum
should or should not be adopted in this Province. Local
conditions are at present unfavourable to the economic use
of serum, whilst the steady increased demand for its employ-
ment from zamindars throughout the Province makes it a
matter of importance to the Department, that the future
policy should be decided on.
Foot and Mouth Disease—
Table II.
17. During the year under report, 1,041 animals died
from this disease as compared with
1,433 in the previous year. The disease
appeared in all the districts of the Province except Simla,
Sheikhupura, Lyallpur and Jhang. The highest mortality
24
took place in Rohtak and Kangra districts, where alone
173 and 145 animals respectively died of this disease. The
necessary preventive measures were, as usual, adopted by
the subordinate Veterinary staff.
Hæmorrhagic septicæ-
mia—Table II.
18. During the year under report, hæmorrhagic
septicæmia appeared in all the districts
of the Province except Simla. Ten
thousand seven hundred and eighty
animals were reported to have died
against 10,724 in the previous year. This disease was more
widely prevalent this year throughout the Province, particular-
ly in those districts where a heavy rainfall occurred. Rohtak
and Karnal districts suffered rather severely. Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia runs a rapid course and causes very serious mort-
ality amongst cattle and particularly buffaloes, unless prompt
measures are taken to inoculate in contact animals.
Inoculations
against
hæmorrhagic septicæmia—
Table III.
19. Preventive inoculations against
hæmorrhagic
septicæmia were performed in 349 out-
breaks and 89,753 animals were inocu-
lated as compared with 282 outbreaks
and 91,904 inoculations during the previous year.
Preventive vaccinations
against
hæmorrhagic
septicæmia—Table III.
20. Hæmorrhagic septicæmia vaccinations were per-
formed on 204,415 animals in 752 vil-
lages of 28 districts against 147,753
animals in 570 villages of 27 dis-
tricts during the previous year. Vac-
cination against this disease in low-lying areas is very popular
amongst zamindars. The extension of preventive work of
this kind is limited by the amount of funds available for the
purchase of vaccine from the laboratory and also by the number
of Veterinary Assistants available to undertake the
vaccination of animals at short notice before the rains.
A survey of the low-lying areas in the Province was made by
one of the officers under training this year, with the object
of mapping out a programme for vaccination work in future.
Black Quarters—Table
II.
21. During the year under report, 710 deaths were
reported as compared with 895 deaths
during the previous year. The highest
mortality took place in the Jhelum
District where alone 192 animals were reported to have
died of this disease.
25
Vaccinations
against
Black quarter—Table III.
22. Vaccinations against this disease were performed on
23,146 animals in 124 villages of 8 districts
against 20,931, 111 and 10, respec-
tively, during the previous year. The
highest number of vaccinations was performed on 5,399
animals of Gurgaon District. It is of interest to note the pro-
gress that has been made at the Imperial Institute of Veteri-
nary Research Muktesar in ascertaining the types of organism
responsible for this disease in India. "It would seem that
the type commonly responsible for actual outbreaks in India
is bacillus chauvœi, while the so-called malignant oedema
types, notably vibrion septique; are not infrequently the
cause of sporadic cases of the disease.'
Surra—Table II.
23. During the year under report, 1,380 deaths were
reported from Surra from the Gurgaon
and Rohtak Districts against none last
year. A strengthening of the staff in the districts of the
Hariana tract is badly needed in order to provide an
organization for dealing with this disease in the villages by
intravenous inoculation of affected animals with tartar
emetic solution.
Other
contagious
diseases—Table II.
24. During the year under report, 870 deaths were
reported to have taken place amongst
Bovines from other contagious diseases
as compared with 3,674 deaths in the
previous year. These include the following diseases:—
Gillar, Mange, Cow-pox, Liver-fluke, Contagious pleuro
pneumonia, etc.
(c) Other Animals.
Mortality—Table II.
25. During the year under report, 2,552 deaths occurred
amongst other animals of this Province
as compared with 2,617 deaths in the
previous year. Mortality figures are given below:—
Rinderpest .. .. .. ..
Foot and mouthdi sease .. .. ..
Hæmorrhagic septicæmia .. .. ..
Surra .. .. .. ..
Other contagious diseases .. .. ..
Total ..
103
105
26
2
2,316
2,552
26
II- OTHER DISEASES.
Treatment of diseases in
villages—Table IV.
26. During the year under report, 23,457 villages were
visited by Veterinary Assistant Surgeons
and Veterinary Assistants on tour.
129,803 animals were treated and 114,165
castrations were performed as compared with 22,602 villages
120,502 cases and 107,196 castrations during the previous
year. These figures show steady progress in the field work as
compared with the preceding year.
The number of castrations performed is again very satis-
factory and creates a new record for the department. The
review of agricultural operations in India for the year 1925-26
shows:—
"Of the 282,826 bulls offered for castration during the
year, 182,998 were from the Punjab. It is a pity that in-
spite of the introduction of the burdizo castrator by which an
animal can be rendered sterile without injuring the religious
susceptibilities of the owners, there should be outside this
one Province such reluctance to getting scrub bulls emas-
culated. In British India there are 1,120,000 bulls to
9,022,000 cows; 225,000 good bulls if stationed at convenient
centres should be sufficient. Hundreds of thousands of
inferior bulls are left to propagate their kind and thereby
retard progress in the improvement of cattle by selective
breeding as recommended by the Department of Agriculture."
The department attaches the greatest importance to a
vigorous castration campaign in dealing with the cattle
breeding situation.
III.—VETERINARY HOSPITALS.
Number of Veterinary
dispensaries—Table V.
27. In the beginning of the year under report, there
were 191 Veterinary dispensaries in the
Province. During the year, 28 new
Veterinary dispensaries were started at
the following places instead of 30 sanctioned by Government.
Steps are being taken for the opening of the remaining two
dispensaries during 1927-28 which were unavoidably postponed
this year:—
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bhagtanwala .. ..
Nowshehra .. ..
Kot Moman .. ..
Wadhi .. ..
District Shahpur.
27
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Kalur Kot . . . .
Mankera . . . .
Daud Khel . . . .
Chountra . . . .
Balkasar . . . .
Domeli . . . .
Shergarh . . . .
Arafwala . . . .
Tandlianwala . . . .
Dijkot . . . .
Shahabad . . . .
Beas . . . .
Kasel . . . .
Lopoki . . . .
Phuklian . . . .
Khanpur Saidan . . . .
Nowshera Virkan . . . .
Kolu Tarar . . . .
Wahndu . . . .
Bhogpur . . . .
Kala Afghanan . . . .
Bhadana . . . .
Khuddian . . . .
Miani . . . .
District Mianwali.
District Attock.
District Jhelum.
District Montgomery.
District Lyallpur.
District Karnal.
District Amritsar.
District Sialkot.
District Gujranwala.
District Jullundur.
District Gurdaspur.
District Lahore.
District Hoshiarpur.
Thus, at the close of the year, there were 219 Veterinary
dispensaries in the Province as shown in the map at the end
of this report.
Administrative approval of Government to the opening
of the following 21 new veterinary dispensaries during the
current year (1927-28) has since been received:—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Sisana . . . .
Joan .. . . . .
Mandothi . . . .
Barwala . . . .
Tosham . . . .
Furrkhnagar . . . .
Dharukera . . . .
Punahana . . . .
Khurrianwala . . . .
Thikrianwala . . . .
Chutiana . . . .
Narwala . . . .
Atharan Hazari . . . .
Kot Shanker . . . .
District Rohtak.
District Hissar.
District Gurgaon.
District Lyallpur.
District Jhang.
28
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Lalgarh . . . .
Balkasar . . . .
Domeli . . . .
Sangla Hill . . . .
Karkan . . . .
Bhogpur . . . .
Sheikh Fazal . . . .
District Dera
Ghazi
Khan.
District Jhelum.
District Sheikhupura.
District Jullundur.
Nili Bar Area.
Out of these, the dispensaries at Balkasar, Domeli (Dis-
trict Jhelum) and Bhogpur (District Jullundur) were opened
during the year under report in lieu of the new dispensaries
at Khunda, Taman (District Attock) and Sehjara (District
Lahore) which will be opened during the current year.
Government has also approved of the appointment of
additional staff mentioned below for the above dispensaries
as well as for special breeding tracts and for low-lying areas:—
3
8
14
12
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons.
Veterinary Assistants, 1st grade.
Veterinary Assistants, 2nd grade.
Veterinary Assistants, 3rd grade.
In order to establish closer touch with a larger number
of villages in each Veterinary Assistant's ilaqua, a scheme of
out-lying dispensaries is being tried in suitable centres.
Depending upon local rail and road facilities, Veterinary
Assistants incharge of existing hospitals will visit parti-
cular villages in their ilaquas once or more than once each
week to deal with patients brought for treatment.
The success of a scheme of this kind will depend to a
large extent on its being widely advertised in the first instance
and on the regularity of the visits by the Veterinary Assist-
ants at the different centres. It may be noted that a simi-
lar scheme of out-lying dispensaries is being successfully
worked in certain other countries. The Chief Superintendent
is hopeful that the scheme will also prove beneficial in many
parts of this Province.
Work of Veterinary dis-
pensaries—Table V.
28. The total number of animals treated in the Veteri-
nary dispensaries during the year under
report was 673,293 against 599,227 during
the previous year. In addition, 123,822
cases against 104,114 last year were supplied with medicines
but were not brought to the dispensaries.
29
One lakh, four thousand, two hundred and nineteen
castrations were performed in these dispenasaries aganist
75,802 during the previous year. It is satisfactory to note
the steady improvement in the attendance figures of our
Veterinary Hospitals.
Building of Veterinary
dispensaries.
29. Many dispensaries are still located in unsuitable,
temporary or hired buildings.
The
District Boards concerned are
being
induced to provide buildings on the
lines of the approved standard plans as soon as possible.
It is hoped that with the help of the Government grant-in-
aid for the construction of new Veterinary dispensaries, suit-
able buildings will be provided at many of these places in
the course of the next few years.
Government grant-in-aid.
30. Of the 6 District Boards to which grant-in-aid was
given in 1925-26 (vide detail in paragraph
28 of last year's report) only 2 District
Boards, i.e., Jhelum and Mianwali have
spent the allotment in full, the remaining 4 District Boards
having delayed their building projects for one reason or an-
other. It is hoped that the above grants as also the grants
given during the year under report will be utilised on the
construction of Veterinary buildings as soon as possible.
The following shows a detail of the Government grant-in-aid
given during the year under report:—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Hissar .. .. .. ..
Rohtak .. .. .. ..
Gurgaon .. .. .. ..
Kangra .. .. .. ..
Hoshiarpur .. .. ..
Lahore .. .. .. ..
Gurdaspur
..
.. ..
Gujranwala .. .. ..
Sheikhupura .. .. ..
Gujrat .. .. .. ..
Shahpur .. .. .. ..
Jhelum .. .. .. ..
Rawalpindi .. .. ..
Attock .. .. .. ..
Mianwali .. .. ..
Muzaffargarh .. .. ..
Total ..
Rs.
10,000
5.000
10,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5.000
10,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
1,20,000
30
Simla
Veterinary
dispensary.
31. The receipts and expenditure of the Simla Veterinary
dispensary during the year under re-
port were Rs. 13,274 and Rs. 9,637,
respectively, against Rs. 12,389 and
Rs. 6,980 during the previous year. The income and ex-
penditure of the dispensary during the year under report
show an increase of Rs. 885 and Rs. 2,657, respectively,
over the previous year. The surplus of the income over
expenditure which must have been credited to Government
Treasury by the Municipal Committee was Rs. 3,637 against
Rs. 5,409 last year. This decrease is due to heavy increase
in expenditure on buildings during the year under report.
Breeding Operations.
I.—BOVINES.
Stud bulls—Table VII.
32. At the close of the year under report, there were
2,501 District Board stud bulls at work
in the various districts of the Province
against 2,253 last year. There were 551 additions and 303
casualties during the year.
Indents for 408 Hissar bulls (401 for various District
Boards, 5 for Government Agricultural Stations and 2 for
Cantonment Board, Rawalpindi) were received by the Gov-
ernment Cattle Farm, Hissar, out of which 353 only (350
to District Boards, 1 to Chillianwala Seed Farm and 2 to
Cantonment Board, Rawalpindi) could be supplied before
the close of the year. The casualties include bulls which
either died or were cast or disposed of on account of their
being old or otherwise unsuitable for further retention on the
strength.
Details of the total number of bulls supplied during the
year as shown in column 3 of Table VII are given below:—
350 stud bulls from Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, supplied,
to District Boards.
60 bulls of the Hissar breed purchased by the District Boards of
Rohtak, Ferozepore, Gurdaspur, Lyallpur and Multan.
90 bulls of the Dhanni breed purchased by the District Boards
of Shahpur, Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Attock, Mianwali and
Multan.
31
18 bulls of the Montgomery breed purchased by the District
Boards of Jhang and Multan.
12 bulls of the Bhagnari breed purchased by the District
Board of Dera Ghazi Khan.
10 bulls of the Thar-Parkar breed purchased by the District
Board of Ambala.
5 pahari (Suket) bulls purchased by the District Board of
Kangra.
5 local bulls purchased by the District Board of Ludhiana.
1 other Hissar bull supplied to Lyallpur Dtistrict Board.
Indents of the following districts could not be complied
with in full or in part on account of the shortage of suitable
bulls:—
1. Jullundur .. .. .. ..
2. Hissar .. .. .. ..
3. Karnal .. .. .. ..
4. Ambala .. .. .. ..
5. Lahore .. .. .. ..
10
3
4
1
5
The total number of stud bulls, 551, supplied to these
districts this year speaks well for the cattle breeding activi-
ties of the Department, it far exceeds the number issued by
any other Province in India and now brings the strength of
approved stud bulls working in the villages to 2,501.
As anticipated in last year's report, the demand now
exceeds the available supply of bulls from the Government
Cattle Farm, Hissar, and the Hissar Cattle grants in the
Lower Bari Doab Canal Colony, compelling the Department
to reduce the indents of certain districts which were received
during the year. Arrangements are in progress, however,
for doubling the output of stud bulls from the Hissar Farm
but this will necessarily take some time to accomplish, it
is hoped that the Grantee Farms will take full advantage
of the increased demand and come forward in future with a
larger percentage of bulls up to standard for issue.
A point which again bears repetition in this year's report
is that with the 2,501 District Board bulls working in the