Supervision by
the Police,
Supervision by
Camp officials.
APPENDIX—MEDICAL AND SANITARY ARRANGEMENTS OF CAMPS OF DELHI ASSEMBLAGE. 241
whole. He had medical subordinates under him who assisted in the supervision, and who were
very useful in explaining the details. In all the camps there were native officials or police, who
understood the conservancy of large towns ; and lastly, there were the jemadars of sweepers who
kept order among their men and overlooked their work. A British Sergeant, accustomed to regi-
mental conservancy, was placed in charge of the Camps of the Viceroy and the Commander-in
Chief, respectively.
23. The camps of the Chiefs were arranged in territorial blocks, on the several roads
leading from the city. One such block, containing the camps of 14 Chiefs of the Punjab, was
arranged round the city wall. There was a medical officer in charge of each separate camp,
with medical subordinates serving under him.
Camps of
Chiefs,
Supervision of
them.
24. There were hardly any officials of authority in some of these camps who understood
conservancy details, or who would enter willingly into the subject to learn them. After they
had been taught, and all was working smoothly, the arrangements were approved. It may be
hoped that the lessons thus quietly insisted on will not be lost entirely on return to their own
countries. In some of the, perhaps, more civilised camps, the people only had to be taught and
directed, and they conformed at once.
25. The Punjab Police rendered valuable assistance in and arround these camps; their
services in all situations had only to be asked for to be accorded. The Inspector General had
the memorandum on sanitation printed in the vernacular and distributed. The Quartermaster
General circulated the Inspector General's note on the subject, also expressing a hope that
Political and medical officers with Native Chiefs would use every endeavour to secure the
proper conservancy of the camps and their neighbourhood.
The Punjab
Police.
26. It would have simplified matters much if the whole of the conservancy arrangements
could have been placed, camp by camp, under the Police and their authorities. But it was an
object to be kept in view, that strange police should not be called upon to interfere too much
in the camps of some of the independant States.
It was hoped that the officers in charge of camps would eventually be able to
detail officials in them, who could supervise the conservancy of their own people. By the
exertions of all concerned, after a short interval, the above principle was carried out and each
camp became supervised by officials belonging to it; the medical officer and his subordinates
looking after the whole.
Sickness.
Europeans.
Sickness and mortality : Europeans—Catarrhs were prevalent; a tew bronchial attacks
and one case of acute pleurisy were the only other complaints to be noted. The general health
was excellent, though the weather was cold and trying to officers, &c., who had come from
warmer
and moister climates.
Natives.—In the Imperial Camps, containing over 1.6,000 natives, there was no sickness of
any sort. The followers were perhaps better sheltered than in the native camps. Two deaths
occurred, in two chronic cases of fever and spleen; equal to an annual mortality of 1 . 5 per
thousand.
Natives.
Deaths in
camps of
Chiefs.
29. In the camps of the Chiefs, the following deaths occurred. The climatic conditions, and
some exposure perhaps, mostly among people unaccustomed to the cold, accounting for them;
but their general health reports were uniformly good.
Baroda—One pneumonia and one dysentery died. People suffered from cold and climatic
changes.
Mysore.—One bronchitis and one pneumonia died. The health was generally good
chiefly affected by cold and change of food.
Hyderabad.—One pneumonia died. General health excellent.
Kerowlie (Rajpootanu),—One pneumonia died. Camp remarkably healthy.
Jaipore(Rajpootana.—One pneumonia died. Health generally good : a few cases of mild
pneumonia.
Central Provinces.— One pneumonia died. Health on the whole good.
Bundelkund.—One bronchitis and one pneumonia died. Health very good indeed.
Ten deaths therefore occurred; eight of chest attacks and two of dysentery. These
occurred in a population of 50,741 people : equivalent to a death rate per annum of 2 . 36 per
mille. The residence being taken as one month in this and in the former calculation.
30. The health reports from all the other camps were very good, and their general health
was excellent. There was no epidemic. One case of smallpox, in a washerman, was discovered
in a private encampment. He was immediately sent out of camp and due precautions taken
with the clothes he had been washing, the tents, and their immediate neighbourhood. No other
case was discovered though strict search was made. There were no accidents of any consequence.
General
health.
No epidemic.
Health of the
Police.
Successful
organization
by the Govern--
ment.
31. The Punjab; Police from the 7th December to me 9th J anuary 1877, had an average
daily strength present of 4,175 . 6 men. A medical officer was attached to the force. Eighty
admissions into hospital took place, and four deaths, all from pneumonia. The daily average
number of sick in hospital was 22 . 6. The statistics, recorded for 34 days, give an equivalent to
an annual rate of percentage to strength, of admissions 20 . 3; of deaths 1 . 03; of daily average
sick . 05; which is remarkable health, considering the work and exposure the men had to under-
go. The Police were well taken care of. They were spread about in small detachments near the
various camps. They were provided with warm clothing. A good layer of straw was placed on
the floor of each tent, and the sick men had beds. The detachments. either had conservancy
offices of their own, or used those of the cam ps in their neighbourhood.
32. The organization for the medical and sanitary arrangements and supervision
of the camps of the Assemblage, as determined beofre the camps assembled, was most
e e f f i c i e n t .
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