Urinals.
Tent soil.
Proportion of
cartghurs.
Female
latrines.
Working of
the plans.
Casts and
receptacles.
The patent
iron carts.
Supply of
bullocks for
these carts.
Receptacles
Carts for
them.
Carts for
refuse.
240
MEDICAL AND SANITARY REPORT OF THE NATIVE ARMY OF BENGAL.
Civil officer fox
wells.
Latrines, &c.,
Proportion tc
Population.
11. An Assistant Commissioner had been put in charge of all the wells of the
camps of the Chiefs outside the Imperial Camps. He inspected each of them in the many
sites fixed for the native camps, and in their neighbourhood. All were examined and cleaned
out when necessary; and here also the good and bad wells were marked ; some of the latter
being closed altogether. Some of these camps were at a little distance from good water, but
there was no actual inconvenience experienced on any site.
12. Latrines, Urinals, &c.— T h e
p l a n s p r o p o s e d f o r t h e c o n s e r v a n c y o f t h e v a r i o u s
camps were found, naturally, to differ so much, that it was deemed expedient to define one
system on which all could work. The details for all the conservancy offices are noted in memos.
46, 47 and 48, attached. It was an object to have the latrines as decent private and con-
venient to the people as possible, because the custom would be unpalatable and new to many ;
and if all went well, they might help to introduce the custom in Native States and towns. The
sites for all were selected by the officers of the Quartermaster General's Department, myself,
and the Political Officer in charge.
13. The difference in the latrines from those in use at Delhi was the addition of the
mat or grass screen around, whereby people could not be seen moving about inside ; and in
the use of the trench, in which all matters were deposited at once, and the labor and offence
of carting away the sewage was saved. The sites of most of these trenches would be culti-
vated over in the course of the next sowing ; and in other places, such as the city ditch,
ploughing and cultivation were recommended.
14. It was difficult to ascertain what proportion of seats, i. e., private partitions for one
person, should be given per cent. of people. Memo. 46 shows that the full sized latrine was
designed with 20 seats for the use of 400 people, 5 per cent., but in the belief that about 3
per cent. might suffice. Practically, 165 latrines of sizes, containing 2,322 seats, were supplied
f or t he use of 66, 500 peopl e ; j ust 3½ per cent . : but a saf er pr opor t i on woul d be 4 per cent
of seats to people, and places should always be provided in that ratio.
15. For the same number a people 192 urinals of the standard pattern were provided,
but these were supplemented by many of the smaller kind detailed in para. 6 of memo. 47.
1 6 . T h e t r e n c h f o r t h e r e c e p t i o n o f s e w a g e f r o m p r i v a t e t e n t s — m e m o . 4 8 , t h e c a r t g h u r —
was most useful. The soil from these tents was placed directly into the patent iron carts—
Crowley or Sheen—which were emptied as detailed in the memo. These carts were used in
all the Imperial Camps. Iron air-tight receptacles were issued for the same purpose, for the
reception of contents of private latrines in the native camps.
One hundred and twenty-seven cartghurs were erected for the use of 1,169 Europeans and
968 natives ; total 2, 137. Twenty latrines (para. 13 of memo. 48) were found to be required
for the use of native female servants ; one being attached to each main latrine of the Imperial
Camps.
17. The plans I may say worked well. The difficulty at first was to get details learned,
and then strictly carried out. But establishments understood the work in a few days and then
all went on smoothly.
Sweepers.
Proportion of
Sweepers and
bildars to
population.
18. Sweepers.—Most of the Imperial Camps brought their own establishment ; but very
few of this class of men accompanied the native camps, and a large number had to be pro--
vided. The civil authorities had been informed, towards the end of November, that at least
1,000 men of this description would probably be required : but it is believed 1,500 were even-
tually demanded, and towards the last there was some difficulty in supplying them.
19. The proportion of sweepers in the camps varied from 6 to 2 per cent. of the popu
lation, excluding the one servant attached to each officer's tent according to Indian custom..
Four per cent. to population is a safe proportion to be allowed for all camp duties.; and at
least two bildars per mile should always be present for digging trenches, preparing dry.
earth, &c.
Supervision of
the Imperial
Camps.
20. Carts and Receptacles.—Seventy five patent iron conservancy carts—60 of the
Crowley pattern and 15 of the Sheen—and 400 iron air-tight receptacles were supplied by the
Barrack Department, and used in the camps (para. 4, &c., of memo. 48).
The main difference between the two patent carts is, that the one is a drum or cylinder,
the other a cylinder cut in half along its length : the former—Sheen—has a larger opening.
They are both good, but both have the same defect of allowing fluid to escape in transit.
They contain 68 and 66 gallons, are of single bullock draught, and are well balanced. Bullocks.
and drivers for these carts were supplied by the Commissariat on requisition from the Barrack
Department. It would be more convenient if one department supplied the carts and the means
to drag them.
21. The receptacles were of the pattern of 1864, each containing 15 gallons. Without
proper carts to transport them their usefulness is much impaired. In 1864 a cart was designed
which had been used until the recent introduction of the patent iron carts ; it would be con-
-venient if the patent carts now superseded them altogether. Country carts of two bullocks
were supplied by the Commissariat for the transport of the receptacles, but they were a failure.
The Commissariat also supplied carts of two bullocks for the cartage of refuse, &c. In the
Viceroy's and Commander-in-Chief's Camps, ordnance carts were used for this purpose, and
the service would have been better performed if they could have been supplied to all the
Imperial Camps. An iron cart for removing refuse, of single bullock draught, has I believe
been patented and would be of great value in stations and camps.
22. Sanitary supervision Of the Camps.—There was no difficulty in arranging the super—-
vision in the Imperial Camps. There was a medical officer to each, who superintended the