NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
18
(b) Bovines.
Stud Bulls—Table VII.
38.
`report,
there were
3,517 District Board stud bulls at work
in the various districts of the province
against 3,365 last year. There were 585 additions and 433
castings during the year.
39. Indents for 295 Hissar bulls were sent to the Gov-
ernment Cattle Farm, Hissar, all of which were supplied before
the close of the year.
The castings include bulls which died or were cast on
account of old age or being otherwise unsuitable for further
retention on the strength of approved bulls.
The Department's policy of trying to absorb as much as
possible of the entire output of the Hissar Farm into the
Hariana tract and to meet the requirements of other indenting
districts direct from the villages of this area is being steadily
pursued in so far as the financial resources of these District
Boards permit.
40. The number of stud bulls supplied to District
Boards this year shows that steady progress is being main-
tained in district cattle-breeding work.
This work was,
however, severely handicapped owing to the poor financial
condition of certain District Boards.
Buffalo breeding.
41. The need for greater attention to buffalo breeding
was felt in order to meet the increased demand for milk and
ghee, and to aid the commercial production and sale of milk
by villagers. The task of establishing pure and improved
types of buffaloes is being taken in hand by the supply of
suitable stud bulls to the districts and by careful selec-
tion of the locally bred sires. The registration of the latter
so that they may come under the Department's supervision
is making fair progress. The very definite objective is to
bring about an increase in the productiveness of the she-
buffalo while maintaining a sound constitution.
The statistical information in regard to the supply, etc.,
of buffalo bulls is given in Table VII.
19
(c) Others.
Camel-breeding.
42. With the revival of interest in the possibilities of
the camel for agricultural purposes, the Camel Breeding
Scheme in Ferozepore district is showing evidence of use-
ful work. The District Board, Ferozepore, with its limited
provision for this purpose, subsidised 10 camels (the same
number as last year). Four hundred and four coverings have
been checked against 401 in the previous year. The
scheme is now in its third year and paucity of funds is
its greatest disadvantage. The scheme has decided pos-
sibilities in the Abohar tahsil of
Ferozepore district
provided sufficient funds are available to help the industry
with the supply of good camel stallions.
Sheep and Goat Breeding.
43. The Department's scheme for the supply of 3/4
merino sheep to Kangra district at a concession rate has
now been in force since 1928-29. During this year 120 rams
and 20 ewes were supplied to bona fide zamindars owning
large flocks of sheep, compared to 190 rams and 70 ewes sup-
plied last year. The difficulties under which the local sheep
breeding industry is conducted are such that it requires a very
hardy and robust sheep to compete with the indigenous breed.
The introduction of the merino has, therefore, a limited sphere
of usefulness in the flocks of breeders who are interested in
producing a finer type of wool to meet special requirements.
Propaganda for the grading up by selection of the local indi-
genous breeds is being carried on side by side with the De-
partment's other work.
44. In the Malwa tract comprising Ferozepore and
Ludhiana districts where the short-ear type of sheep nearly
related to the Bikaner breed is met with, the Department's
touring staff are keeping close touch with the owners of local
flocks, who are nomads belonging to the "Od" tribe.
They own flocks in hundreds and thousands and conse-
quently sheep breeding in the Malwa tract is undoubtedly a
very important industry.
Fazilka, where these people assemble for the shearing
of their sheep, is the most important market for wool in the
Punjab.
The Department in this area carries out large numbers
of castrations amongst the local flocks by the Italian method
which is now very popular among breeders.
C2
20
5.—CATTLE AND HORSE FAIRS AND SHOWS.
Fairs
and
Shows.
(Table IX).
45. Detailed information regarding cattle fairs and
shows under this Department is given
in Table IX. These were held in 23
districts of the province. All fairs were
attended, as usual, by the officers of this Department.
The total number of cattle fairs in the Punjab was 129
against 139 in the previous year.
The decrease is due to fairs in certain districts having been
abandoned by the District Boards concerned either on
account of paucity of funds or the prevalence of contagious
diseases.
(B). DISEASES AMONG LIVE STOCK.
1.—PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
46. The whole problem of contagious diseases among
live stock is being thoroughly studied with a view to placing
before the local authorities the exact position with regard to
the control of contagious diseases in their district. I feel
that, through discussions of this kind which the Department
is now initiating for the control of contagious disease, a better
understanding of this problem by members of District Boards
will have a very salutary effect on public opinion generally in
the districts. To start with, a survey of the Hoshiarpur and
Kangra districts has been completed, enabling certain practical
suggestions to be formulated for dealing with disease control
in these districts. No powers exist to prohibit the move-
ments of infected live stock in these districts, so the dis-
trict authorities were unable to take any action.
Hospitals.
Number of veterinary
hospitals, Table V.
47. During the year under report, 17 new veterinary
dispensaries were started, providing a
network of 287 dispensaries for the
whole province. The different Revenue
Divisions are now served by hospitals as follows :—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Division.
Jullundur .. .. ..
Multan .. .. ..
Ambala .. .. ..
Rawalpindi .. .. ..
Lahore .. .. ..
Hospitals.
49
60
59
56
63
Villages to
each
hospital.
137
132
115
104
147
21
Work of veterinary
hospitals.
48. The total number of animals treated in the veteri-
nary hospitals was 1,026,512 against
934,795 during the previous year. In
addition, 146,530 cases against 125,721
last year were supplied with medicine, but were not brought
to the hospitals. The steady increase in the number of
cases treated at our veterinary hospitals is very satisfactory
showing that the Department is steadily gaining the con-
fidence of the people in veterinary aid. The Department,
however, insists that its staff must regard the control of con-
tagious diseases and the improvement of the live stock of
their ilaqas as their major activities.
Outlying dispensaries.
49. This scheme is now in its fourth year and is making
steady progress. Zamindars of the more
remote areas are deriving considerable
benefit from the facilities which are now provided at
these dispensaries by seeking the advice and services of
our veterinary staff at regular intervals.
Constant demands for the starting of permanent dispen-
saries in the areas served by these outlying dispensaries are
being received by the Department, but unfortunately they
cannot be met at present on account of financial stringency.
Building of veterinary
hospitals.
50. No grant-in-aid for the construction of veterinary
buildings in rural areas was sanctioned
by Government on account of financial
stringency.
Simla Veterinary Hospi-
tal.
51. The Simla Veterinary Hospital is maintained out
of provincial funds through the agency
of the Simla Municipality.
The receipts and expenditure of this hospital during the
year under report were Rs. 11,402 and 7,771 against
Rs. 12,226, and Rs. 8,808, respectively during the previous
year. This represents a decrease of Rs. 825 and Rs. 1,088
in both income and expenditure respectively. The surplus
income amounting to Rs. 3,631-5-8 was credited into the
Government treasury by the Simla Municipality.
Considering that the busy period is confined to the
season, this represents quite a satisfactory year's working.
As noted in last year's report, there was an insistent de-
mand for better facilities at this hospital which has resulted in
the formation of a public fund by an influential committee
22
for the purpose of defraying expenses in providing an opera-
ting theatre which is so badly needed for an important hos-
pital of this kind. A sum of over rupees four thousand has
already been subscribed towards acquiring a suitable site near
the veterinary hospital. It is expected that the required
amount will soon be subscribed enabling final arrangements
to be made.
Treatment of diseases in
villages, Table IV.
52. Forty-one thousand and sixty-six villages were
visited by the district staff on tour and
289,008 animals were treated as com-
pared with 41,779 villages and 304,212
animals during the previous year.
2.—INCIDENCE OF DISEASE.
Mortality.
53. The year under report was, on the whole, a healthy
one for the live stock of the province,
the total mortality from contagious
diseases, as reported by patwaris, being 17,628 against 24,282
in the previous year.
Hæmorrhagic septicæmia was responsible for 46 per cent.
of the total mortality reported from bovine diseases. The
death roll from rinderpest came next in importance owing to
fairly extensive outbreaks in certain areas notably Sheikhu-
pura district.
Rs. 1,500 were again sanctioned by Government for the
grant of rewards to patwaris and lambardars showing
promptness in reporting cattle disease, out of which
Rs. 1,200 were awarded.
(a) Equines.
NOTE.—Only those outbreaks of contagions diseases amongst equines which occur
in non-selected districts of the province are dealt with by this Department.
Glanders.
54. During the year under report, 32 cases of glanders
occurred in the various towns of the
province, out of which 17 and 8 cases
respectively were detected in Lahore and Amritsar districts.
Cases of this disease are seldom reported by their owners but
are detected either at the Clinic of the Punjab Veterinary
College or by the district staff in the course of their tours.
Great difficulty is being experienced in applying "effective
measures for the eradication of this disease from the municipal
areas of Lahore and Amritsar where tonga ponies are generally
kept under most insanitary conditions. The Department is
carrying on negotiations with the Municipalities concerned on
the subject.
23
As far as possible, preventive measures were taken
to stop the further spread of the disease.
Surra.
55. The undernoted Surra centres were at work during
the last Surra season :—
1. Hafizabad.
2. Wandoh.
3. Akalgarh.
4. Mukerian.
5. Ferozepore.
6. Jalalabad.
7. Makhu.
8. Sheikhupura.
9. Sharakpur.
10. Muridki.
11. Qilla Harnam Singh.
12. Gohana.
13. Karnal.
14. Darapur.
15. Satrah.
16. Pasrur.
17. Bhera.
18. Dinga.
19. Panipat.
20. Sonepat.
Climatic and other conditions were favourable to the
spread of this disease during the year. One thousand,
nine hundred and twenty-five animals, including equines
1,448 and camels 477, were admitted for treatment at
Surra centres against a total number of only 487 cases in
the last year. Of this number, 1,710 cases came from
Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Ferozepore and Rohtak districts.
In the latter district camels only were treated.
This disease is likely to become a very difficult problem
for stock owners in the low-lying and water-logged areas or any
in other areas where, owing to defective drainage, conditions
become favourable to fly borne infections. The Department
is doing extensive propaganda explaining that prevention
and early reporting provide the only hopeful methods of
checking this disease. With the drugs Bayer 205 and tartar
emetic, we have means at hand of reducing the chances of
infection from infected equines as well as cattle, buffa-
loes and camels when given timely treatment.
Considerable difficulty is experienced in getting the Dis-
trict Boards to provide proper shelter for these cases while
undergoing treatment at the Surra centres. The difficulty
of course is that large numbers of cases reach the centres at
the same time for treatment during the comparatively short
period of the Surra season.
Apart from the authorised Surra centres, the total num-
ber of cases confirmed from other areas by microscopical
examination of the blood was 97 as compared with 53 during
the previous year.
24
(b) Bovines.
Rinderpest.
56. Rinderpest appeared in all the districts of the pro-
vince, except Simla and Montgomery.
It was particularly severe in the Sheikhu-
pura district. Muzaffargarh, Gujrat, Hissar and Gujranwala
districts also showed a fairly considerable incidence of this
disease, notwithstanding the comparative immunity of the
province generally. With the increased net-work of hospitals,
the Department is getting into closer touch with the actual
disease incidence of the country.
Foot and Mouth disease.
57. The disease appeared in 23 districts of the province
being most severe in Rohtak and
Muzaffargarh. The use of taramira oil
as a dressing for mouth lesions and tar oil for foot cases are
gaining in popularity. Both remedies are cheap and easily
obtainable in the local bazaars.
Hæmorrhagic
Septi-
cæmia.
58. This disease appeared in all the districts of the
province, except Simla. It was res-
ponsible for fairly considerable mortality
in Amritsar, Sheikhupura, Shahpur,
Montgomery, Gurdaspur and Hoshiarpur districts.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia is a disease associated with
water-logged low-lying areas where also parasitic diseases of
stock are rife. The mortality would have been very severe
during this year but for the intervention of sera and vaccines
in the well-known Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia areas.
Black quarter.
59. This disease was reported from 20 districts of the
province. The heaviest mortality took
place in the Attock, Jhelum and Rawal-
pindi districts. The regional distribu-
tion of this disease is of considerable interest.
Anthrax.
60. Cases of this disease were confirmed from the
Sheikhupura district only.
Other contagious disea-
ses.
61. During the year under report, other diseases of a
contagious nature occurred in 9 districts
of the province.
(c) Other animals.
62. The following diseases occurred amongst other
animals.
Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth Disease, Trypano-
somiasis, rabies and Ranikhet disease.
25
(3) PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Anti-rinderpest inocula-
tion.
63. Anti-rinderpest inoculations were performed in
382 outbreaks and 92,856 cattle were
inoculated against 517 outbreaks and
97, 846 inoculations in the previous year.
Eighty-two animals died after inoculation. These were
probably in the incubative stage of the disease at the time
of inoculation.
Inoculations against
Hæmorrhagic Septicæ-
mia.
64. Preventive serum inoculations against Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia were performed in 548 out-
breaks and 130,997 animals were in-
oculated as compared with 482 out-
breaks and 113,752 inoculations done
last year.
Preventive vaccinations
against Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia.
65. Vaccinations against Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia were
performed on 205,210 animals in 1,200
villages of 28 districts against 243,689
animals in the same number of
villages of 27 districts during the previous
year. The highest number of vaccinations (17,125) was
carried out in the Lyallpur district. The volume of work
done in the employment of sera and vaccines by the Depart-
ment's staff is very considerable.
Vaccinations against
Black quarter.
66. Vaccinations were performed on 21,420 animals
in 151 villages of 11 districts against
19,083 animals in 120 villages and 12
districts during the previous year.
Inoculations against
Anthrax.
67. No inoculation was done in the year under report as
the one outbreak was brought under
control by other prophylactic measures.
4.—CASTRATIONS.
68. One lakh, eighty-seven thousand, six hundred and
five castrations were performed on tour as compared with
179,014 during the previous year.
202,817 castrations were performed in the veterinary
hospitals against 185,177 in the previous year. This steady
progress is due to the fact that the district veterinary staff
have come to realize their responsibility for carrying out
castration work in their respective illaqas.
The Department is doing most valuable services for the
province in the large scale castrations which form a regular
feature of its veterinary progress.
26
CHAPTER III.—Veterinary Education.
1. PUNJAB VETERINARY COLLEGE, LAHORE.
Charge.
69. Mr. W. Taylor held charge of the office of Principal,
Punjab Veterinary College, from the
1st April 1930 to 22nd September, 1930
when he was deputed to officiate as Director, Imperial
Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar, and in his absence
Captain U. W. F. Walker officiated for the remainder of the
year.
Students.
70. Of the 40 candidates for admission to the College,
36 were admitted during the month of
September, 1930. Out of these as many
as 18 were nominated by Indian States and other pro-
vinces.
The standard of admission having been further raised to
Intermediate in Science or Arts, no Matriculates could be
admitted.
The academic qualifications held by the admitted candi-
dates of whom 7 are Agriculturists are :—
Graduates
..
..
..
..
F. Sc. (Medical)..
..
..
F. Sc. (Non-Medical)
..
..
..
F. A/s
..
..
..
..
Total
4
7
10
15
36
At the close of the year under report, the total number of
students was 171, of whom 5 belonged to the Refresher Courses.
During the year, 20 students left the College.
Examinations.
71. The annual examinations took place in May-June
1930 and the supplementary examina-
tion for the compartment students in
September 1930. The results were as follows :—
Year.
1st.. .. ..
2nd .. .. ..
3rd
..
..
..
4th
..
..
..
Number
examined.
51
53
33
51
Number
passed in
June 1930.
41
41
19
27
Number
passed in
September
1930.
..
5
8
11
27
Hospital.
72. The attendance in the various wards of the hospital
was as follows :—
Ward.
General ward .. ..
Dog ward .. ..
Contagious ward ..
In-pa-
tients.
1,671
372
326
Against
last year.
1,495
438
293
Out-pa-
tients.
4,397
490
155
Against
last year.
4,057
662
156
The average daily attendance was 152.14 against 136.58
last year.
Thirty-three dogs underwent the anti-rabic treatment
during the year against 47 last year.
One hundred and thirty-five X-Ray photographs were
taken against 114 during last year.
Income and expendi-
ture.
73. The total income and expenditure of the College
as given in Table I were Rs. 33,180
and Rs. 1,88,525 respectively against
Rs. 36,964 and Rs. 1,95,479 in the
previous year.
Employment.
74. Owing to the reduction in the scale of pay for Veteri-
nary Assistant Surgeons coupled with
the prospect of not being able to secure
Government service after qualifying, the number of candi-
dates seeking admission is very definitely on the downward
trend.
General remarks.
75. The health of the students remained good through-
out the year.
Their behaviour re-
mained excellent in spite of the political
agitation in the country.
(2) SHORT COURSES.
Training of syces.
76. Two sessions were held at the Government Cattle
Farm, Hissar. Thirty-two syces from
different District Boards in the province
were trained and granted certificates.
28
Training in Surra treat-
ment.
77. Fifteen Veterinary Assistants and Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons as well as 23 students
of the final class of the Punjab Veteri-
nary College were trained by Deputy
Superintendent S. Kahan Singh at Sheikhupura in Surra
treatment.
Dressers' Course.
78. Three candidates joined the Dressers' class, of
whom two have since completed the
course successfully.
Farriers' Course.
79. Twenty-seven candidates joined the Earrers' Class
during the year. Twenty-eight men
completed the course and were given the
necessary certificates.
3.—VETERINARY RESEARCH AT THE VETERINARY
COLLEGE, LAHORE.
Hygiene Section.
80. An investigation into the milk supply of Lahore
which was started at the instance of the
Board of Economic Enquiry, Punjab,
under the supervision of Professor Aggarwala, has been com-
pleted and a detailed report of the work submitted to the
Board.
Investigations into the conditions of slaughter houses in
the province are also being conducted.
Pathologica1 Section.
81. In addition to teaching and demonstrations to
students, the undernoted work was done
in the Pathological Laboratory during
the year :—
Post-mortem examinations .. ..
Pathological specimens examined ..
Small animals maintained for experimental
purposes .. .. ..
Samples of milk examined, free of charge,
for the public .. .. ..
105
139
146
40
An investigation into the etiology of an endemic calf-
pneumonia occurring in the cattle breeding farms in the Lower
Bari Doab Canal Colony was carried out at the request of the
Director. The disease has been proved to be a primary
Pasteurellosis with secondary pyæmic changes in the lungs
due to a pathogenic pyogen of hitherto undetermined species.
The investigation is being continued.
29
Investigations have also been undertaken in the chemo-
therapy of a serious canine fever attended with heavy losses
among English-bred dogs. The arseno-benzene series of drugs
have been given an exhaustive trial, of which sulpharsenol
has been the most promising, particularly when administered
in the early stages of the disease. Considerable work has
also been done concerning the etiology of this disease which is
still in progress.
Parasitology Section.
82. Three hundred and four specimens of materials
from animals and birds suspected to be
suffering from parasitic diseases were
examined during the year under report,
and those found infected from among animals attending
the clinic were given suitable treatment.
The experimental treatment of equine intestinal
Strongylosis started last year with tetra chlorethylene was
continued this year with oleum chenopodium and thymol
but no definite results as to their success or otherwise can be
given at present.
Anatomy Section.
83. The Professor of Anatomy, in addition to his ordi-
nary teaching duties, prepared some
dissected specimens for the Anatomical
Museum, macerated some fractured and pathological specimens
of bones for the general Museum, hospital and Pathological
Sections. He is also finally revising the conclusions arrived
at in regard to measurements of the viscera of Indian-bred
ponies, an enquiry which was taken in hand in 1925 and is
now nearing completion. He has also prepared special notes
on osteology and arthrology of the ox for the guidance of
students including his observations in the structural variations
met with in the ordinary course of dissection work.
Examinations of patho-
logical
specimens
at
Superintendent's
head-
quarters.
84. Sixty-nine specimens were received from the
subordinate veterinary staff.
Other Research work
done by the Research Offi-
cer in the field.
85. In the early part of the year 1930, a survey was
begun of those diseases which occur
with more or less annual sequence in the
low-lying area of the Deg Nullah.
Periods of occurrence, types of animals affected, preven-
tion of occurrence and spread were investigated. The diseases
included Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia, Rinderpest, Foot and
Mouth disease, Anthrax, skin diseases and parasitic diseases.