NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
9
leave much to be desired. Jahangirabad Farm is giving the
best results, and has some fine cattle. Now that a Live
Stock Expert has been appointed it is hoped that it will be
possible to give these grantees more attention and advice.
The small cattle-breeding grants of half to two squares
each at Shergarh also have some fine cattle, and milk record-
ing societies amongst these have been started by the Co-
operative Department. The progress made by the grantees
has been good.
Endeavours are being made to introduce cattle-breeding
on sound principles on the 3 large estates, viz., Dhandla in
Bhakhar Tahsil and the Court of Wards estate in Kala
Bagh in the Mianwali District and the Kot Fateh Khan
estate in the Attock District. The owners of these estates
have expressed an interest in the matter.
As regards the farming of cross-bred Merino sheep, the
wool is greatly superior in quality to that of the country
sheep, but as noted last year there is difficulty in securing
for breeders its full market value It is hoped that sheep-
breeding societies may help to overcome the difficulty by
collecting consignments of wool, and sending it to mills in
quantities sufficient to obtain full market value.
Certain District Boards obtain a large income from
cattle fairs, -vide statement IX, pages xxviii—xxix and
as remarked by the Chief Superintendent, efforts are being
made to get these to earmark a fixed proportion of their
incomes for cattle-breeding work. It seems to me right
that a considerable proportion of such money should be
expended in this way.
At the close of the year there were 8 cattle insur-
ance, 39 cattle-breeding and 5 sheep-breeding Co-operative
Societies in the province: thanks are due to the Co-
operative Department for the interest taken in the cattle
improvement work.
I may mention here that Government has reserved
21,000 acres of land in the Nili Bar for cattle-breeding
farms and cattle-breeding grants, and that
steps are
being taken to increase
the output from the Hissar
Cattle Farm; also that important developments in other
directions are under consideration.
Thanks to Govern-
ment, measures for the improvement of the cattle of
10
the province are now rapidly attaining that importance
which the position of cattle in farm economy in the
Punjab entitles them to attain.
During the year under report. Delhi Province Veteri-
nary cadre was amalgamated with the Civil Veterinary
Department, Punjab, on the condition that the Delhi
Province administration will pay the expenses of the
men employed in that province and
the increase in
the leave reserve of men required.
The control of contagious diseases in the Amritsar
Horse-Breeding Area has been transferred to the Civil
Veterinary Department, Punjab, while the Horse, Mule
and Donkey-Breeding in that area has been taken over
by the Lahore-Amritsar-Ferozepore Horse, Pony and Mule-
Breeding Society.
The graphs showing progress of Veterinary work for
the past few years which I had originally prepared for
the Empire Exhibition in London in 1924 have been
brought up to date and again appended to this report;
also the map which I had prepared showing all centres
of operations of the Civil Veterinary Department has been
brought up to date and appended.
In the past summer I drew up a five years' programme
of development for the Agricultural and Veterinary Depart-
ments and since then I have had the opportunity of
discussing this with Mr. Emerson, now Secretary, Finance
Department and the officers of
the departments con-
cerned, with helpful results. There seems to be general
agreement as to the main lines of development, and it
is hoped that large expansions will take place in these
departments in the next five years.
I feel greatly indebted to the District staff of the
Veterinary Department for the good work they have done
in the year under report; also to the Co-operative De-
partment and District Officers for the very great help they
have given.
(3) Government Cattle Farm, Hissar.
Mr. Branford held charge of the Farm practically
throughout the year. Owing to scarcity of officers in the
Department he was without an Assistant Superintendent
11
all that time, and this threw an extra burden of work
on him and the other members of the staff there. Mr.
Branford has since gone on leave and the report for
the year has been written by Mr. Read, P. V. S., who is
now in joint charge of the Farm, with M.
Ghulam
Husain, P.V.S.
The supply of canal water to the Farm in the year
under report was not good, the result being that it was
impossible to sow as large an area of Kharif crops as
usual; also the yields per acre were much reduced.
The rainfall for the year was 12.41 inches, but the
intervals between precipitations were too long to grow
sufficient grass on the Bir for extensive hay making.
Nevertheless the reserve of fodder on the Farm at the
end of the year (31st March 1926) was 132,997 maunds
as compared with 134,278 maunds at the end of the
previous year.
The reduction is negligible and the
maintenance of this important fodder reserve reflects
great credit on the staff.
As regards the experiments on the growing of new
fodders, the results of further trials of Egyptian Clover
or Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium) and Sunflower (Heli-
anthus annus) will be awaited with interest. Kikuyu
grass (Pennisetum elandestinum is described by Mr. Read as
a failure. It gave poor growth and was rapidly crowded out
by indigenous grasses where it was not weeded. I have
seen Kikuyu grass tried in a good many places in the
Punjab and my own impression is that some of the indi-
genous grasses will be bard to beat. What is needed to
improve our pastures, I think, is a close study of the indi-
genous grasses and measures for the encouragement of the
growth of the best of them and I am glad to say that Gov-
ernment has recently appointed a Fodder Specialist to look
into this subject.
I am interested to note in Mr. Read's Report that an
ordinary under-ground silage pit filled four years ago with
green jowar gave clean and fresh silage with little waste.
From what I have seen of silage both inside the Punjab,
and out of it, 1 feel convinced that the pit method is the
one which Punjab farmers ought to adopt wherever spring
level is well below the bottom of the silo pit. The pit sys-
tem commends itself on account of the cheapness of its
construction, the comparatively equable temperature which
can be kept, etc.
0
12
As regards live stock, it is noted that during the year
under report the Farm issued the unprecedented number
of 406 bulls to District Boards in the Punjab, and that
a number of applications for the purchase of bulls had to
be refused; also that 261 female stock were issued through
the Civil Veterinary Department to District Boards.
Mule-breeding has been stopped but there is still a
number of young mules awaiting disposal. These will be
disposed of as soon as opportunity occurs.
The very large output of animals from the Farm, and
the rapidly increasing demand for these reflects great credit
on the work of Mr. Brandford and his staff. As already
stated steps are being taken to increase the output from
this important farm and to provide suitable animals from
other sources.
As regards contagious disease on the Hissar Farm, the
most conspicuous were Rinderpest, and Foot and Mouth
disease, which caused the death of 44 and 34 animals, res-
pectively. Regarding Foot and Mouth disease, Mr. Branford
writes that he has never before seen such a severe
attack with so many casualties, and that the disease was of
a malignant form which he did not think occurred in India.
The Professor of Pathology of the Punjab Veterinary College
took a sample of the virus and confirmed the opinion that it
was a type of the disease of unusual virulence.
The Farm Veterinary hospital treated no less than a
daily average of 85 cases, made 461 inoculations against
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia, 1,734 against Black-quarter
and 3,948 against Rinderpest. This is a very creditable
performance.
On a cattle-breeding farm aiming, as this Farm does,
at an increase both in milk production and draught qualities
of its animals, the obtaining of milk records throughout com-
plete lactation periods is essential. I am therefore glad to
note that Government has sanctioned a staff for recording
the milk yields of a number of cows.
In the year under report the Farm showed a profit of
Rs. 57,245 (when concessions to the value of Rs. 1,31,610
given to local bodies and others are included) as against a
profit of Rs. 34,935 (when concessions given to local bodies
and others to the value of Rs. 93,535 are included) in the
13
previous year. The capital value of buildings, cattle, mach-
inery, medicines and dead stock articles on the Farm in the
year under report were valued at Rs. 18,74,015 against Rs.
18,21,056 in the year before. This highly satisfactory
result is due to a year on the whole not unfavourable for
the growth of grass in the Bir and to the highly efficient
mangement of the Farm.
Mr. Branford and his staff are to be congratulated on
an excellent year's work and I am glad to say that in the
extensive scheme drawn up for the improvement of Punjab
cattle, Mr. Branford has been appointed Live Stock
Expert for the province, and consequently that he will, in
future, be able to utilise his long experience of cattle-
breeding in the Punjab and his knowledge of the needs of
Punjab farmers over a very much wider sphere.
DATED SIMLA :
The 1st October 1926.
D. MILNE,
Director of Agriculture, Punjab.
14
Annual Report of the Punjab Veterinary College,
Lahore, for the year 1925-26.
Gazetted Staff.
COLONES G. K. WALKER held charge throughout the
year except for 26 days affixed to the
College vacation when Mr. Taylor offi-
ciated.
Mr. Taylor was on leave from 24th April to 30th
June. His assistant, S. Riazul Hassan, acted for him. The
remaining officers retained their appointments throughout
the year.
S. Mool Singh and Mr. Haq Nawaz Khan were confirm-
ed on 1st July 1925 and 20th August 1925, respectively.
Non-Gazetted Staff.
2. There were no changes of any importance in the es-
tablishment of the non-gazetted staff.
Admissions.
3. One hundred and fifty-three candidates offered them-
selves for admission to the College in
June 1925, out of which 31 men were
selected after a competitive examination held by the Prin-
cipal. One of the candidates held the F. Sc. (Medical
group) and the others were Matriculates.
Fourteen candidates were nominated by the various
Native States, of which one held the F. Sc. (Medical group)
qualification and one was a graduate (B. Sc.) of the Mysore
University. The remaining were Matriculates.
Four F. Scs. (Medical group) were admitted in October.
Number of students in
the College.
4. At the close of the year under report the number of
students was:—
First Year Class
... ... ...
Second Year Class ... ... ...
Third Year Class ... ... ...
Fourth Year Class ... ... ...
Post Diploma Course
...
... ...
Total
43
30
24
8
7
112
15
Fifteen men left the College during the year under
report, fourteen out of the 1st year class and one out
of the 2nd year class. Four left before the annual
examinations; eight having failed badly in the annual
examinations left the College, three others have dropped
out since.
Examinations.
5. The annual examinations were held in June and the
supplementary examination for stu-
dents who failed in one subject in
October, with the following results:—
1st Year Class
...
2nd Year Class
...
3rd Year Class
...
4th Year
Class
...
Number of
candidates.
34
22
8
9
Number
passed.
24
21
5
6*
Farriers.
6. Seven farriers were examined and awarded certifi-
cates in June. Fifteen men joined the
Farriers' class in October, of which
nine passed and were awarded certificates in the following
March:—
Hospital attendance.
7. The attendance at the Hospital during the year
was:—
GENERAL WARD.
In-patients
1,346 against 1,298 last year.
Out-patients 2,893 against 2,609 last year.
DOG WARD.
In-patients
430 against 417 last year.
Out-patients 555 against 500 last year.
CONTAGIOUS WARD.
474 against 375 last year.
The average daily attendance in the various wards of the
Hospital was 93.85 against 83.41 last year. Sixty-nine dogs
and 3 horses underwent the anti-rabic treatment during the
year.
*Received diplomas of L. V. P. (Punjab).
16
There is a steady increase in every ward of the Hospital
in spite of the increasing use of mechanical transport.
Special work.
8. Certain experimental work was carried out in the
Laboratories and Veterinary Bulletin
No. 17 was published by the Punjab
Government on the control of Foot and Mouth disease by
Chemotherapy.
Strenuous efforts were made to try to discover a satis-
factory treatment of Surra in dogs, and twelve hounds suffer-
ing from the disease were received from the Saharanpur pack.
The experiment was not successful, for although the lives
of the hounds were prolonged, they all terminated fatally.
Much more experimental work will have to be done before
an efficient treatment for Surra is evolved.
Arrangements to supply certain sera and vaccines to
practitioners (medical and veterinary) and to institutions
are being considered. There is a strong demand which
cannot be dealt with at present owing to lack of sufficient
staff for such extra work.
During the year 253 post-mortems were performed and
185 pathological specimens were received from various
sources and reported upon.
Buildings and equipment.
9. Improvements to the Physical and Chemical Labo-
ratories were completed during the year.
A weigh-bridge for animals has been
provided. An X-Ray apparatus has been sanctioned and
is expected to be installed shortly. Funds have been
provided to build a new Hostel and a house for the Princi-
pal during the current financial year.
Income.
10. The total amount credited into the Government
Treasury
during the
year
was
Rs. 23,572-10-9 against Rs. 19,937 last
year. The increase is due to the increased revenue derived
from the Hospital and from admission fees. It is the highest
in the history of the College.
Expenditure.
11. The total expenditure was Rs. 1,86,433 against
Rs. 1,65,569 last year. The increase is
mainly due to the annual increments in
the pay of officers and establishment and to initial expendi-
ture on necessary equipment and apparatus purchased
during the year.
17
Employment of the Alumni
of the College.
12. The six diplomates of the English course were given
employment in the Punjab Civil Veteri-
nary Department. Appointments have
been obtained for 12 Veterinary Assist-
ants (Urdu course) during the year, but there are still
some 90 men on the unemployed list, of which some are
pensioners and some unemployable. Since the year to
which this report applies however 9 men have been
given employment in the Civil Veterinary Department
on expansion of establishment.
General Remarks.
13. There is steady progress in the popularity of the
Institution on both the educational
and Hospital sides as shown by the
large number of applicants for admission, the increase
in the number of patients brought for treatment and
the rising revenue.
The accommodation and equipment will now bear
comparison with any other Institution of its kind in the
world and the facilities for instruction are very satisfactory.
The Hostel for the students and accommodation for
the staff require to be improved, but it is expected that
a good deal will be done in this direction during the
forthcoming year.
These have been delayed hitherto from financial
reasons.
During the year the health and behaviour of the
students residing in the College Hostel were good and
an interest has been taken in sports and games.
Before handing over charge Colonel Walker expressed
a wish that his appreciation of the work of the staff
(teaching, hospital and clerical) during the time he has
held the office of Principal might be recorded in generous
terms.
W. TAYLOR, I.V.S.,
The 8th June 1926.
Principal, Veterinary College, Lahore.
18
Report on the Civil Veterinary Department,
Punjab, for the year 1925-26 by Mr. T. F.
Quirke, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., Chief
Superintendent.
Part I.—Administration.
1. The following statement shows the names of offi-
cers who held charge of the several appointments, also
details of touring done by them during the year under
report:—
Name of
appointment.
Chief Superiaten-
dent. C. V. D.,
Punjab.
Superintendent,
C V. D., North
Punjab.
Superintendent,
C. V.D., North
Punjab.
Superintendent,
C. V. D., South
Punjab.
Deputy Superin-
tendent, C.V.D.,
Central
Pun-
jab.
Deputy Superin-
tendent, C.V.D.,
North Punjab.
Deputy Superin-
tendent C V.D.,
South Punjab.
Officiating De uty
Superintendent,
C. V. D., South
Punjab.
Officer attachedt
the office of Su-
perintendent, C.
V. D., North
Punjab.
Name of
officer.
Mr.
T. F.
Quirke.
Mr. M. J.
Brett.
Mr. T. J. Egan.
Mr. J. S. Gare-
wal.
Kb.
Gbulam
Hassan.
M. Talib Khan
P. Janki Nath
M. Muhammad
Abdullah.
Mr.
M. J.
Brett.
DATED OF HOLDING
CHARGE.
From
1-4-25 ...
1-4-25 ...
14-4-25 ...
1-4-25 ...
1-4-25 ...
1-4-25 ...
1-4-25 ...
16-2-26
16-7-25 ...
7-10-25 ...
To
31-3-26 ...
13-4-25 ...
31-3-26 ...
31-3-26 ...
31-3-26 ...
31-3-26 ...
15-7-25
and
31-3-26
15-2-26 ...
1-11-25 ...
Number of days
spent on tour.
193
...
83
156
220
173
68
137
...
NUMBER OF
MILES.
By
rail.
15,716
...
5,538
14,429
10,693
5,923
3,137
3,477
...
By
road.
1,986
...
843
2,503
1,650
761
469
1,382
...
2 The Chief Superintendent, the Superintendents.
North and South Punjab Circles and the Deputy Super-
intendents toured in their respective circles in connection
19
with horse, mule and cattle-breeding, the investigation and
control of contagious diseases and inspection of veterinary
hospitals, etc.
3. Every endavour is made to induce the staff to
keep up to date in their professional work, by closely scruti-
nising their methods of treatment as given in the hospital
records. This system of scrutiny and questioning of the
staff on their work is reckoned of very great importance
and is being extended as far as possible with our existing
organisation.
It is undoubtedly having a very desirable effect in
raising the efficiency of our District Staff, many of whom
have learned to realise that as members of a technical
department they cannot give efficient service without a
knowledge of their profession.
4. During the course of tours special attention is also
given to checking the work done by the subordinate staff
in the field. On suitable occasions lectures and demonstra-
tions are given to zamindars in connection with the control
of contagious diseases, and the improvement of the different
breeds of cattle in the province.
5. District Officers and representative zamindars are
interviewed whenever possible on the veterinary require-
ments of their districts.
6. The Chief Superintendent made regular inspections
of all the grantee dairy and cattle-breeding farms in the
province , visiting the Sohawa Laboratory and the Govern-
ment Cattle Farm, Hissar, as required. He acted as an
Examiner in Veterinary Medicine and Meat and Milk
Inspection at the Punjab Veterinary College, Lahore, for
the L. V. P. Examinations.
He made an extensive tour of the Dhanni Cattle Tract
in company with the Superintendent, North Punjab, he
also inspected the veterinary hospitals in the Delhi Pro-
vince and many other places outside the Central Punjab
Circle during the course of the year.
Treatment of Disease.
I.—CONTAGIOUS DISEASE.
7. During the year under report 74,835 deaths from
contagious diseases
were reported
Mortality.—Table II.
against 49,493 in the previous year.
Rinderpest was particularly rife this year throughout the
20
province and especially in the South-East Punjab Districts.
The incidence of this disease seems to follow a definite cycle,
the indications pointing to unusual prevalence every three
or four years.
Statistics of the actual cattle mortality in the province
are now being obtained with somewhat greater accuracy
than formerly as the result of a more efficient system of
checking, made possible by the additions to our District
Staff.
Examination and Collec-
tion of Pathological speci-
mens.
8. During the year 357 specimens were received from
the subordinate veterinary staff for
examination.
These were as usual
examined in the Laboratories attached
to offices at Lahore, Rawalpindi and Ferozepore.
(a)—Equines.
Note.—Only those outbreaks of contagious diseases amongst equines which occur
in the non-selected districts of the province are dealt with by this
Department.
Glanders.—Table II.
9. Thirteen confirmed cases, of Glanders occurred in 5
districts of the province during the year
under report against only one case in
Rawalpindi District last year. Notwithstanding the serious-
ness of this disease none of these ca es were reported, all
having been detected by the staff of this Department.
Anthrax.—Table II.
10. No case of Anthrax was reported during the year.
None last year.
Surra.-Table II.
11. The total number of cases confirmed by microsco-
pical examination of the blood during
the year under report was 2 0 as com-
pared with 73 during the previous year, The disease was
particularly prevalent in Mianwali, Rohtak and Karnal
Districts.
Centres for the treatment of this disease are being
maintained at Sheikhupura and Bhera Veterinary Hospitals.
Methods of treatment are adopted there in collaboration
with the Director, Imperial institute of Veterinary Rese-
arch, Muktesar. The results of the treatment are given in
the Annual Report of the Sohawa Laboratory.
Dourine.—Table II.
12. No case of Dourine was detected during the year
under report.
21
Other contagious dis-
eases.—Table II.
13. No deaths were reported during the year. There
were 28 cases and 20 deaths during the
previous year. Under this heading are
included such diseases as Strangles,
Influenza and Biliary Fever.
(b) —Bovines.
Rinderpest.—Table II.
14. Rinderpest appeared in all the districts of the
province 52,269 deaths were reported
against 30.469 in the previous year.
Hissar District suffered the most where 5,227 animals died
of this disease. Karnal, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Gurdaspur and
Kangra Districts also suffered severely.
There was quite an unprecedented recurrence of this
disease this year which affected more or less severely all dis-
tricts of the province. The south-eastern districts were
particularly unhealthy, Rohtak suffering severely as the
result of the Jumna river flood.
The very marked increase in the number of fairs
throughout the province must weaken our already uncertain
hold on contagious diseases, especially Rinderpest which does
not always lend itself to ready methods of detection at
fairs.
Anti-inderpest
inocula-
tions.—Table III.
15. Anti-rinderpest inoculations were performed in
1,299 outbreaks and 232,159 cattle were
inoculated against 484 outbreaks and
77,513 inoculations during the previous
year. Three hundred and twelve animals died after inocu-
lation which were probably in the incubative stage of the
disease at the time of inoculation.
The number of inoculations has increased very consider-
ably this year as the result of the additional number of
outbreaks dealt with.
Under the present unsatisfactory system of control of
contagious diseases the Department views with concern the
steadily increasing demand for Serum, which has often to be
employed under most unfavourable circumstances.
As soon as an adequate staff is available the present
uneconomic system of controlling Rinderpest by the Serum
Alone method must eventually give way to the Serum
Simultaneous method.