NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
10
commercial lines, and to carry out generally the recom-
mendations of the Department. During the year under re-
port Government approved the maintenance of 40 buffaloes
and 1 buffalo bull of pure breed at this Farm without in any
way affecting any condition of the existing lease, with the
exception of the latter part of condition 16. Out of the above,
19 buffaloes and one bull have since been approved by the
Department. The remaining 21 buffaloes will be made good
by the grantee in the year 1932-33.
Shergarh Small Holders'
Grants.
25. These grants consist of 218½ rectangles of 7 chaks,
Nos. 20-26 I. A. L. near Shergarh. The
present grantees are required to keep 2
Montgomery cows for each rectangle
of 25 acres irrigated, and 1 cow for every rectangle un-
irrigated, to the satisfaction of the Department.
The position, with regard to the disposal of the milk
on a co-operative basis, was discussed by the Live Stock
Officer with the grantees, representatives of the Co-operative
Department and many others. Enquiries made showed
that there was no desire to sell surplus milk by the grantee
as it was all needed by their families.
Dairying
at Grantee
Farms.
26. Milk is being recorded on all the grantee farms as
hitherto. There is a considerable
number of good milkers. On the
Jahangirabad and Allahdad Farms,
many of their cows are yielding over 4,000 pounds of milk
in a lactation. Cows giving an unsatisfactory quantity of
milk are being steadily eliminated.
The following details of cows yielding over 6,000 pounds
in a lactation on the two farms referred to above are given :—
Number of cows.
63 J 2/5 ..
137 J 3/3 ..
59 J 2/2 ..
146 J 4/6 ..
32 J 1/4 ..
167 J 4/3 ..
482 J. P. . ..
154 J 4/3 ..
Number
of days.
Total milk
yield.
Jahangirabad Farm.
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
6,081
6,102
6,088
8,025
6,070
6,280
6,829
6,015
Number of
lactation.
2nd.
4th.
4th.
3rd.
3rd.
3rd.
7th.
3rd.
11
Number of cows.
91 A 3/3
58 A 3/2
26 A 1/4
40 A 2/3
104 A 2/3
100 A 2/3
201 A 4/5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Number
of days.
Total milk
yield.
Allah Dad Farm.
300
273
297
269
298
300
300
6,393
6,373
6,989
6,928
7,098
6,368
6,061
Number of
lactation.
3rd.
5th.
3rd.
5th.
4th.
5th.
2nd.
The above two farms are supplying cream to the Military
Dairy Farm, Lahore Cantonment. The Montgomery Dairy
Farm and the Bahadurnagar Farm are selling their milk in
Montgomery and Okara, respectively.
General remarks.
27. The grantees have not yet acquired sufficient ap-
preciation of the elaborate arrangements
needed for building up pedigree stock,
and, but for departmental supervision they would very readily
revert to slipshod methods, as being justifiable in these
days of agricultural depression. This tendency has to be
combated on all these farms. It discloses a regrettable lack
of foresight in dealing with live stock improvement.
3.—CATTLE-BREEDING IN SPECIAL TRACTS.
(a) Hariana Tract.
28. The following statement shows the allotments made
and the expenditure incurred by the District Boards of Hissar,
Rohtak and Gurgaon towards the Hariana Cattle Improve-
ment Scheme :—
District.
Hissar .. ..
Rohtak ..
Gurgaon ..
Cash prizes ..
Government
grant.
Rs.
4,000
8,000
(a) 3,307
7,500
..
District
Board
contribution.
Rs.
4,000
8,000
(a) 3,307
5,950
(b) 6,603
..
Total.
Rs.
8,000
22,614
20,053
..
Expenditure.
Rs.
8,690
21,697
20,103
..
Note (a) & (b).—The sums of Rs. 6,614 and 6,603 represent the amounts due from
the District Boards on account of last year's allotment having remained unspent in
accordance with certain conditions imposed by Government.
12
The number of bulls supplied and the total number of
approved bulls now working in the three districts of the
Hariana Scheme are as follows :—
Name of district.
Hissar
..
..
Rohtak .. ..
Gurgaon .. ..
Number of ap-
proved bulls dis-
tributed during
the year.
43
102
118
Total number of
bulls wording in
the district.
302
602
611
One-day cattle shows have proved extremely beneficial
to the scheme in the past, and a small prize distribution at
these shows is proving a very great incentive to private
breeders.
(b) Dhanni Tract.
29. The following statement shows the allotment made
and the expenditure incurred by the District Boards of Attock,
Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Shahpur and Mianwali towards the
Dhanni Cattle Improvement Scheme :—
District.
Attock .. ..
Rawalpindi ..
Jhelum .. ..
Mianwali ..
Shahpur ..
Cash prizes ..
Total ..
Balance on
31st March
1931.
Rs.
702
5,137
..
877
168
..
6,884
Government
grant.
Rs.
4,500
4,500
6,000
6,000
2,000
2,000
25,000
District
Board's
contribution.
Rs.
2,500
4,500
5,000
3,650
2,000
..
17,650
Expenditure.
Rs.
6,462
10,407
10,746
9,243
4,058
2,000
42,896
The number of bulls supplied this year as well as the total
number of approved bulls now working in the districts in the
13
Dhanni Tract are shown in the statement below. It shows
an increase of 76 stud bulls at the end of the year :—
District.
Mianwali ..
Attock .. ..
Rawalpindi ..
Jhelum .. ..
Shahpur ..
Total ..
NUMBER OF BULLS SUP-
----- DURING THE YEAR.
District
Board bulls.
..
..
11
..
3
14
Subsidy bulls.
37
31
28
28
7
131
TOTAL NUMBER OF BULLS
WORKING IN THE DISTRICT
ON 31ST MARCH 1932.
District
Board bulls.
8
15
28
19
56
126
Subsidy bulls.
52
36
36
40
11
175
The present agricultural depression and the consequent
paucity of funds are naturally retarding progress. Local
bodies are doing their utmost, but, nevertheless, it is extremely
difficult for them to provide money as liberally as previously.
However, in spite of adverse circumstances the work has been
carried on satisfactorily. There were 126 District Board
and 175 subsidy bulls at the end of the year under report, as
compared with 124 and 101 such bulls at the end of the pre-
vious year.
The Department is steadily pursuing its policy of concen-
trating its attention on those areas best suited to cattle breed-
ing where nuclei of the indigenous breeds are found to
flourish.
(c) Other Tracts.
(1) MONTGOMERY DISTRICT CATTLE-BREEDING SCHEME.
30. The above scheme started two years ago, was further
extended during the year under report in Montgomery Dis-
trict. Several villages were supplied with approved Mont-
gomery bulls free of cost. The progeny of the bulls previously
located was seen by the Live Stock Officer. The results are
encouraging.
14
(2) NILI BAR CATTLE-BREEDING SCHEME.
31. This scheme has not yet been inaugurated on ac-
count of paucity of funds. The land earmarked for the farm
has, therefore, been given out on temporary leases for cultiva-
tion purposes.
(3) DAJAL VILLAGE CATTLE-BREEDING SCHEME.
32. A special scheme for the improvement of the
Dhundi estate in Dera Ghazi Khan District has recently been
evolved, and its preliminaries are being arranged. Owing to
financial difficulties, the Dajal Village Cattle Breeding
Scheme could not be extended.
(4) MALWA CATTLE-BREEDING SCHEME.
33. During the year under report accurate survey of the
present position, and authoritative definition of the distinc-
tive characteristics of the Malwa breed was completed.
There are now 247 District Board Hissar bulls working in the
Malwa tract with big centres at Moga, Jagraon and Raikot.
A fourth centre has also been created at Ghal in Ferozepore
Tahsil, by the location of 15 bulls. In addition to these
bulls, there are 698 locally bred Malwa bulls liberated by the
local zamindars, with the approval of the Department,
under sections 56 and 57 of the Punjab District Boards
Act. The Malwa breed constitutes the basis of a large
number of the best milking and draught animals of the
Malwa tract, so it is a matter of great concern when it is
realized that the best specimen cows in considerable numbers
are now being exported to other provinces of India, through
the agency of dealers. The necessity for the immediate
protection of this highly specialized and valuable breed is
very evident.
(5) JALALABAD CATTLE-BREEDING SCHEME.
34. In order to improve the cattle of this tract which
resembles in type the Sahiwal breed, 9 bulls of the Mont-
gomery breed were located in the year 1930-31. The working
of these bulls has created a considerable interest in the
zamindars' community of that ilaqa, which has been respon-
sible for a further demand of bulls of this type. In the year
under report, dependent upon the generosity of the proprietor
of the Allahdad Cattle Farm in the Montgomery District,
a further supply of 15 bulls was made to this area. Excluding
two casualties, there are now 22 Montgomery bulls at work
in this tract. Arrangements are also afoot to meet the
demand for Montgomery heifers.
15
(6) KANGRA DISTRICT CATTLE-BREEDING SCHEME.
35. In Kangra District where the district authorities
and the Public Health Department have repeatedly pressed
for improvement of the milk supply of towns like Dharamsala,
Sultanpur and Kangra, etc., Montgomery bulls of small
stature were introduced in the year 1929-30 by the location
of 40 bulls, free of cost, at suitable places from the Jahangira-
abad Cattle Farm, in addition to 5 bulls already working in
that district. These bulls have produced good progeny which
are liked by the people. During the year 1930-31, two
bulls, and, during the year under report, ten more bulls were
sent from Jahangirabad Cattle Farm. Five casualties have
so far been reported, thus leaving a balance of 52 at the close
of the year.
(7) IMPROVEMENT OF CATTLE-BREEDING IN LAHORE DISTRICT.
36. One hundred and twenty-eight District Board
Hissar bulls were working at the close of the year in the
selected area of Kahna Nau in Lahore District. This area is
now well equipped with pedigree Hissar bulls, and there is a
remarkable improvement in the local cattle. To supplement
the services of the existing Hissar bulls in the tract 25 private-
ly-owned bulls have been issued in the area.
4. GENERAL BREEDING WORK IN DISTRICTS.
(a) Equines.
Number of stallions—Table
VIII.
37. At the close of the year there were 70 horse and
pony stallions in the non-selected dis-
tricts of the Province against 64 last
year. The number of donkey stallions
was 81 compared with 84 during the last year. The following
additions and castings were made :—
Additions .. ..
Castings .. ..
Horses.
3
3
Donkeys.
8
11
Services of stallions—Ta-
ble VIII.
38. The total number of mares covered by horse and
donkey stallions during the year under
report was 3,754 and 4,058 as compared
with 3,113 and 3,593, respectively, during the previous year.
Zamindars and others apparently appreciate the advan-
tages accruing from the use of these stallions.
16
(b) Bovines.
Stud bulls -Table VII.
39. At the close of the year under report there were
3,857 district board stud bulls in the
various districts of the Province in
comparison with 3;520 last year. There were 721 additions
and 384 castings during the year.
40. Indents for 376 Hissar bulls were sent to the Gov-
ernment Cattle Farm, Hissar, all of which were supplied before
the close of the year.
The castings include bulls which died, or were cast on
account of old age or unsuitability for further retention on
the strength of approved bulls. Having carefully reviewed
the position I consider that the maximum output of bulls
from the Farm at its present stage of development, is definitely
needed for absorption into the districts in order to conserve
the work already initiated by the Department as represented
by the 3,800 odd bulls now located in different villages of the
Province. Under provincial control, these would require
to be cast and replaced on a less haphazard system than has
hitherto been possible under existing circumstances, thereby
securing a greater degree of efficiency for the work.
At the instance of the Department, all the District Boards
in the Province have framed rules and bye-laws with a view
to discouraging the practice of releasing scrub bulls. The
necessity of exercising tact and gentle persuasion in this
direction has been impressed upon the members of the staff.
BUFFALO-BREEDING.
41. In order to meet the increased demand for milk
and ghee, and to aid the commercial production and sale of
milk by villagers, efforts are being made to improve buffalo-
breeding in the villages. A fairly large number of buffalo
bulls owned by zamindars has now been brought under the
Department's supervision.
A notable feature of the year under report is the philan-
thropic offer of Guru Partap Singh of Bheni Sahib (District
Ludhiana) to give annually, free of cost, all mature male stock
bred at his farm, and declared fit for breeding purposes by the
Department, to the District Board, Ludhiana, for the im-
provement of buffaloes which is a very important industry
in this district.
17
Some of the District Boards ear-marked suitable amounts
for the organization of small buffalo shows in suitable
areas, to stimulate the interest of buffalo breeders. The
amounts were awarded in cash prizes at these shows held
during the year under report.
The statistical information in regard to the supply, etc.,
of buffalo bulls is given in table VII.
(c) Others.
CAMEL-BREEDING.
42. All the available evidence conclusively shows that
interest in camel breeding is growing in the Fazilka and
Muktsar tahsils of the Ferozepore District. The scheme is
now in its fourtth year, but pancity of funds is a stumbling
block to its progress. The District Board of Ferozepore subsi-
dized 10 camels (the same number as last year). Three
hundred and forty-seven coverings have been registered
against 404 in the previous year. The decrease in the
number of coverings during the year was due to the death
of one stallion during the covering season.
SHEEP AND GOAT-BREEDING.
43. The Department's scheme for the supply of three-
quarters merino sheep to Kangra District at a concession rate
has been in force since 1928-29. During the year under
report, 87 more rams and 42 additional ewes were introduced
from the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, into the local
flocks (from which the local rams were entirely excluded),
compared with 120 rams and 20 ewes supplied last year.
44. In the Malwa tract (comprising Ludhiana and
Ferozepore Districts) and the Majha tract (comprising
Lahore and Amritsar Districts) short ear type of sheep of the
Bikaner ancestry owned mostly by the "Od" tribe and
Majha sheep with black and red faces, and bodies resembling
Bikaner sheep, are met with. The Department's touring
staff is keeping in close touch with the owners of local flocks.
Fazilka, where these people assemble for sheep shearing,
is one of the most important wool markets in the Punjab.
The Department in this area carried out a large number of
castrations amongst the local flocks, by the Italian method,
which is becoming increasingly popular among the breeders.
C
18
5. CATTLE AND HORSE FAIRS AND SHOWS.
Fairs and shows—Table
IX.
45. Detailed information regarding cattle fairs and
shows held under the auspices of this
Department is given in table IX. These
were held in 22 districts of the Pro-
vince. All fairs were attended as usual by the officers of
this Department. The total number of fairs in the Punjab
was 124 compared with 129 in the previous year. The de-
crease is due to fairs in certain districts having been aban-
doned by the District Boards concerned either on account of
paucity of funds, or the prevalence of contagious diseases.
B.—DISEASE AMONG LIVE STOCK.
1.—PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE.
46. During the year under report the whole problem of
combating contagious diseases amongst live stock in the Pro-
vince was carefully studied by the district supervising staff,
with a view to laying before the local authorities the difficul-
ties which arise in dealing with outbreaks. Each district has
its peculiar intricate problems, and by systematic surveys,
the exact position, combined with constructive suggestions,
is being brought home to each local authority.
This has given rise to serious thought, and local bodies
are now becoming anxious to protect the people from the
severe losses which are being caused every year by disease.
The survey and veterinary history work of Kangra and
Hoshiarpur districts have been completed. Steps are being
taken for the preparation of similar histories of other districts
of the Province. A conference, with the express object of
finding a method for the check and control of the dis-
semination of contagious diseases among cattle in the Kangra
District, between the officers of this Department and the
representatives of Mandi, Bilaspur and Suket States has been
arranged under the Chairmanship of the Deputy Commis-
sioner, Kangra.
Hospitals.
Number of Veterinary
Hospitals—Table V.
47. No new hospital was sanctioned by Government
during the year under report on account
of financial stringency. One Veterinary
Hospital outstanding from the previous.
year was, however, opened at Rajaund, District Karnal,
19
making a total of 288. These provide a network in the
different revenue divisions as noted below:—
Divisions.
1. Jullundur .. ..
2. Multan .. ..
8. Ambala .. ..
4. Rawalpindi .. ..
5. Lahore .. ..
Hospitals.
49
60
61
55
63
Villages to
each
hospital.
137
132
115
104
147
Work of Veterinary Hos-
pitals.
48. The total number of animals treated in the Veteri-
nary Hospitals was 1,144,647 which
number compares very favourably with
1,026,512 treated during the previous
year. In addition, 177,812 cases against 146,530 last year
were supplied with medicine, but were not brought to the
hospitals. The increase in the number of cases treated at
our veterinary hospitals is very satisfactory showing that the
Department is steadily gaining the confidence of the popu-
lace. The Department, however, insists that its staff must
regard the control of contagious diseases and the improvement
of the live stock of their ilaqas as their major activities.
Outlying dispensaries.
49. This scheme is now in its fifth year and is making
steady progress. Zamindars of the more
remote areas are deriving considerable
benefit from the facilities which are now provided at these dis-
pensaries by regularly seeking the advice and services of
our veterinary staff. The attendance at these dispensaries is
increasing yearly.
Building of Veterinary
Hospitals.
50. No grant-in-aid for the construction of veterinary
buildings in rural areas was sanctioned
by Government on account of paucity
of funds.
Simla
Veterinary
Hospital.
51. The Simla Veterinary Hospital is maintained out of
provincial funds through the agency of
the Simla Municipality.
The receipts and expenditure of this hospital during the
year under report were Rs. 11,232 and Rs. 7,843 against
C2
20
Rs. 11,402 and Rs. 7,771, respectively, during the previous
year. This represents a decrease of Rs. 170 in income and
an increase of Rs. 72 in expenditure. The reduction in
shoeing charges by 20 per cent. sanctioned during the year
under report was the cause of decrease in income, otherwise
the hospital receipts are in excess of those of last year by a
sum of Rs. 227. The surplus income amounting to Rs. 3,389,
was credited into the Government treasury by the Simla
Municipality.
Treatment of diseases in
villages—Table IV.
52. Forty-eight thousand, five hundred and seventy-
two villages were visited by the district
staff on tour and 372,061 animals were
treated as compared with 41,066
villages and 289,008 animals during the previous year.
2. INCIDENCE OF DISEASE.
Mortality.
53. The year under report was not a healthy one for the
live stock of the Province, the total
mortality from contagious diseases, as
reported by patwaris, being 24,220 against 17,628 in the pre-
vious year.
Hæmorrahagic Septicæmia was responsible for about
47 per cent. of the total mortality caused by bovine diseases.
The death roll from rinderpest was also great owing to
fairly extensive outbreaks in certain areas, notably Lahore,
Gujranwala and Sheikhupura districts.
Rs. 1,500 were again sanctioned by Government for
disbursement to patwaris and lambardars showing prompt-
ness in reporting cattle diseases. Of this amount only
Rs. 600 were awarded and the balance lapsed to Government.
(a) Equines.
Note.—Only those outbreaks of contagious diseases amongst equines which occur
in non-selected districts of the Province are dealt with by this Department.
Glanders.
54. During the year under report glanders occurred
in Lahore, Amritsar and Gurdaspur
districts. The total number of cases
was 30. Lahore suffered the most, 16 cases being detected
and sent to the Punjab Veterinary College for disposal. Cases
of this disease are seldom reported by their owners, but are
detected either at the Clinic of the Punjab Veterinary College,
21
or by the district staff in the course of their tours. A scheme
was worked out for the control of glanders in the affected
areas. It has been decided that visits to all private
premises, including those of owners of tonga ponies, shall
be made twice a year, in winter and in summer. The De-
partment is carrying on negotiations with the Municipalities
concerned on the subject.
Surra.
55. The undernoted Surra centres were at work during
the last Surra season :—
1. Hafizabad.
2. Muridke.
3. Sheikhupura.
4. Sharakpur.
5. Jalalabad.
6. Ferozepore.
7. Makhu.
8. Mukerian.
9. Kahnuwan.
10. Satrah.
11. Qila Harnani Singh.
12. Wandoh.
13. Pasrur.
14. Akalgarh.
15. Wazirabad.
16. Sambrial.
17. Khudian.
18. Sonepat.
19. Panipat.
20. Gohana.
21. Bhera.
22. Karnal.
23. Isakhel.
24. Dinga.
25. Rajanpur.
26. Kaithal.
27. Rohillan wali.
28. Nawanshahr.
29. Gurdaspur.
30. Raindas.
31. Dinanagar.
32. Kanganpur.
In addition, sanction for the opening of Surra centres at
Jampur (District Dera Ghazi Khan) and Phidi Bhattian
(District Gujranwala) was given during the year under report.
Climatic and other conditions were favourable to the
spread of this disease during the year. The total number of
Surra cases (including equines and camels) treated at the
various centres in the Province was 2,641 compared with
1,925 in the previous year. Of these, 1,965 were equines and
676 camels compared to 1,448 and 477, respectively, during
the preceding year. Of this number 2,275 cases came from
Sheikhupura, Gujranwala. Sialkot, Rohtak and Karnal. In
the Rohtak District, with the exception of one mule, all others
treated were camels. This disease is a very difficult problem
for stock owners in low-lying and water-logged areas or any
other areas where, owing to defective drainage, conditions
become favourable for fly borne infections. The Department
is doing extensive propaganda in regard to this disease.
In addition to the authorised surra centres, the total
number of surra cases confirmed from other areas by