NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
34
IV.—FAIRS AND SHOWS.
Fairs
and
Shows.—
Table IX.
38. The statistical information regarding cattle fairs
and shows under this Department is
given in table IX. These were held
in 22 districts of the province.
The following statement shows the number of fairs and
shows attended by the officers of this Department:—
Attending Officer.
Chief Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
Punjab ... ... ... ...
Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Central Punjab ... ... ...
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North
Punjab ... ... ...
Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
North Punjab ... ... ...
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, South
Punjab ... ... ... ...
Deputy Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
South Punjab ... ... ... ...
Cattle Fairs
or Shows.
8
14
6
7
11
6
The remaining fairs and shows were as usual attended
by the Veterinary Inspectors of this Department.
Certain District Boards derive a fairly considerable
income from fairs, notably the Rohtak District Board,
which secures over a half-lakh of rupees from the
Jahazgarh fair.
The Department has sought to impress on District
Boards the necessity for earmarking some fixed propor-
tion of such income to the promotion of cattle improve-
ment in their districts.
V.—MISCELLANEOUS.
Co-operative Societies.
39. At the close of the year the number of Co-
operative Societies in the province
showed an increase of 8 cattle-breeding
societies and 1 sheep-breeding society as compared with the
previous year. The details are as follows:—
Cattle Insurance ... ... ...
Cattle-Breeding ... ... ...
Cattle Purchase ... ... ...
Sheep-Breeding ... ... ...
8
39
5
5
The largest number of societies registered was in
Gujranwala District where alone 3 societies were started.
35
The department welcomes the steady increase in
the number of Co-operative Societies and is specially
catering for their requirements. By special arrangement
261 heifers were supplied during the year from the
Hissar Farm, the majority of which went to members
of Co-operative Societies.
Establishment.
Numerical Strength.—
Table VI.
40. At the close of the previous year the sanctioned
cadre of the subordinate veterinary
staff was 247 (27 Veterinary Inspectors
and 220 Veterinary Assistants). Dur-
ing the year under report one additional Veterinary Ins-
pector was sanctioned for Simla Veterinary Hospital.
This additional appointment in the Veterinary Inspectors
grade resulted in the reduction of strength of 1st grade
Veterinary Assistants from 44 to 43. Besides the above
the following additional staff was sanctioned during the
year:—
7
1
2
3
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons.
Veterinary Assistant,
Veterinary Assistants,
Veterinary Assistants,
1st grade.
2nd grade.
3rd grade.
Thus at the close of the year the sanctioned cadre
of the subordinate veterinary staff was:—
Veterinary Inspectors
...
...
...
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons
...
...
Veterinary Assistants, 1st grade
...
...
Veterinary Assistants, 2nd grade
...
...
Veterinary Assistants, 3rd grade
....
...
28
7
44
90
91
Expenditure.
Expenditure.—Table X.
41. The expenditure of the Department is given in
table X. Provincial figures are supplied
by the Accountant-General, Punjab—
the "Local" figures are obtained direct from the local
authorities concerned.
General Remarks.
42. A grant of Rs. 1,000 was sanctioned by Govern-
ment for rewards to Patwaries and Lambardars as a
stimulus for prompt reporting of contagious diseases.
The Department is hopeful that this system of re-
wards though decidedly small will encourage Patwaries
36
to realise the importance of supplying early informa-
tion of outbreaks of contagious disease. In time this
simple method of recognition for work done is bound to
have the desired effect if the funds provided are judiciously
distributed.
43. During the year under report the Delhi Province
Veterinary Cadre was amalgamated with the Civil Veteri-
nary Department, Punjab, on the condition that the Delhi
Administration agreed to pay its share of the increased
leave reserve required in consequence of the amalga-
mation. It has also been decided that any further change
in the personnel of the Delhi Province will be arranged
for by the Chief Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Punjab. On the recommendations made by the
Chief Commissioner in his note on Veterinary Services
in Delhi Province both the Deputy Superintendent and
the Veterinary Inspector were withdrawn and the Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, South Punjab, was
placed in immediate charge of the Province.
44. Towards the close of the year the Camel
Specialist's Laboratory, Sohawa, which remained under the
control of the Chief Superintendent, Civil Veterinary
Department, Punjab, for the last 3 years was transferred
to the control of the Principal, Punjab Veterinary College,
Lahore.
45. Consequent upon the withdrawal with effect from
1st March 1926 of the horse, mule and donkey-breeding
operations of the Army Remount Department in the
Amritsar Area the control of contagious diseases was
transferred to the Civil Veterinary Department. The
control of breeding operations was taken over by "The
Lahore-Amritsar Ferozepore horse, pony and mule-breeding
society."
46. During the year under report 3 Veterinary
Inspectors and 9 Veterinary Assistants were deputed to
Lyallpur and Karnal for training on modern methods of
Dairying. Two Veterinary Inspectors and 4 Veterinary
Assistants were also detailed for Post Diploma Course of
9 months duration in the Punjab Veterinary College.
47. Proposals for the augmentation and revision of
pay of the clerical staff employed in the Department were
submitted in August 1925. In view of the steady increase
in the activities of the Department since the present cadre
37
was sanctioned, the need of reorganisation of the Civil Veteri-
nary Department offices is now urgent.
48. The subordinate staff, both clerical and veterinary,
have, with few exceptions, worked conscientiously during the
year. The year has been a particularly busy one for the
Department, the staff responding well to the extra work
thrust upon them.
Particular credit is due to the Head Clerks, B. Ram.
Rattan and Muhammad Ishaq, for the zeal and energy dis-
played by them during a trying year in the management of
their particular offices.
I have also to record my appreciation of the field work
done by the following inspecting staff:—
Deputy Superintendent M. Talib Khan.
Offg.
„
„
„
„
„
„
P. Janki Nath.
Kh. Ghulam Hassan.
Muhammad Abdullah.
Veterinary Inspector M. Barkat Ali.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
S. Talib Huesain.
M. Karim-ud-din.
M. Jan Muhammad.
M. Muhammad Taqi.
Bh. Thakar Singh.
The work in the North and South Punjab Circles is
expanding considerably and is really more than one Superin-
tendent can effectively handle, it has now reached the stage
when help must be provided.
For the satisfactory year's working of the Depart-
ment particular credit is due to Messrs. Garewal and Egan,
Superintendents, South and North Punjab Circles, for the
energy shown in the conduct of the work.
The assistance received from District Officers is grate-
fully acknowledged.
T. F. QUIRKE,
Chief Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Department, Punjab.
The 27th July 1926.
38
Annual Report of the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar,
for the year 1925-26.
STAFF.
1. The Farm was in charge of Mr. R. Branford, M.R.
C.V.S., I.V.S., from the commencement of the year under
report up to 28th March 1926, when he proceeded on leave,
and the charge of the Farm was transferred to the two P.V.S.
officers—Mr. W. S. Read, the Farm Bailiff, being given the
additional charge of office as well as the cultivation work
and Syed Ghulam Hussain, Farm Deputy Superintendent,
being entrusted with additional charge of the breeding
operations.
2. The post of Assistant Superintendent was vacant
throughout the year.
3. Mr. W. S. Read, Deputy Superintendent, P.V.S.,
was on leave from 2nd March 1925 until 2nd November 1925,
during his absence M. Atta Muhammad, Farm Overseer,
officiated in the grade of Deputy Superintendent, P.V.S.,
and performed the duties of Farm Bailiff with great credit.
CULTIVATION.
4. Produce.—The following table show the weight
and value of crops received from the cultivation during the
year:—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
Name of crop.
Oats (Avena Sativa) ... ...
Oats, Bhoosa (Avena Sativa) ...
Oats in-straw (Arena Sativa) ...
Oats, green (Arena Sativa) ... ...
Kurby Jowur (Sorghum Vulgare) ...
Green Jowar (Sorghum Vulgare) ...
Ensilage Jowar (Sorehum Vulgare) ...
Jowar seed (Sorghum Vulgare) ...
Green Guar (Cyampsis Psoralioides) ...
Green Guar and Jowar ... ...
Weight.
Mds.
10,770
21,540
735
1,192
25,421
19,622
25,223
5
1,698
2,319
Srs.
0
0
24
30
14
35
0
0
20
20
Value.
Rs.
37,695
21,540
1,328
596
20,337
8,298
12,612
24
844
1,243
39
Name of crop.
11. Hay (Pennisetum Cenehroides)...
12. Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)
...
13. Sunfiower seed (Helianthus Annuu) ...
14. Green grass (Cynodon Dactylon) ...
15. Green Berseem (Egyptian Clover)
(Tri-
folium
Alexandrium.)
16. Green Kikuyu (Pennisetum
Clandesti-
num).
17. Green Lucerne (Medicago Sativa)
...
18. Lucerne seed (Medieago Sativa) ...
19. Green Methi ... ...
20. Methi seed ... ... ...
Total ... ...
Weight.
Mds.
100
20
0
4,887
1,728
7
6,914
0
524
7
123,218
Srs.
0
0
10
20
0
36
15
8
25
10
27
Value.
Rs.
100
13
3
1,928
1,152
3
4,610
20
836
58
1,12,738
5. Water supply.—The supply of canal water was bad
from the Dabra and Sali Minors. Less and less water each
year seems allowed to come down these tails. The supply
from the Hissar Major was good when the canal was running,
but unfortunately long closures of the canal were made in
June and August. The result being it was impossible to
sow as large an area of Kharif crop as usual, and also the
yields from the areas sown were much reduced. In this
connection it should be recognised that the cash returns for
fodder crops compare so unfavourably with wheat, cotton,
sugarcane, etc., that it is almost impossible to grow purely
fodder crops at a profit, and when the position is aggravated
by failures in water supply profits can hardly be hoped for.
6. Experiments.—(a) Berseem (Egyptian Clover) (Trifo-
lium Alexandrium) was again sown this year, with much better
results than the previous year. The months of. January and
February were milder than usual and March unusually cool,
this may have been favourable for this crop. The better yields
may also be attributed to the fact that the kiaries (or beds)
were smaller this year, and that part of the crop was sown on
40
well-manured land and part on land that had previously
carried lucerne. The previous year the crop was sown on un-
manured land which had not previously carried a legumi-
nous crop, and the heat in the month of April was abnor-
mal. The comparative table of yields is of interest.
1924-25
Unmanured land,
3 acres.
Cuttings.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
Total
lbs.
16,006
12,546
32,800
31,570
5,330
...
97,252
lbs. per
acre.
5,002
4,182
10,933
10,524
1,776
...
32,417
1925-26.
Maaured land
1 acre.
lbs.
6,833
9,922
15,580
12,792
11,890
4,920
61,992
lbs. per
aere.
6,888
9,922
15,580
12,792
11,890
4,920
61,992
Land
on
which
Lucerne was grown
previously.
2 acres.
lbs.
9,676
24,354
38,622
22,550
15,252
3,690
114,144
lbs. per
acre.
4,838
12,177
19,311
11,275
7,626
1,845
57,072
1925-26.
Total lbs.
per acre.
5,863
11,049
17,146
12,033
9,758
3,383
59,532
(b) Sunflwer (Helianthus Annum).—A few pounds of
Sunflower seed kindly supplied by the Deputy Director of
Agriculture in charge Cattle-Breeding Operations, United Pro-
vinces, was sown on the 20th October with a view to testing
the possibilities of Sunflower as an early cold weather green
crop. The seed germinated well, but was not ready for
issue as green fodder much earlier than oats sown at the
same time. The yield of green sunflower would however
probably be heavier than green oats. A small area was cut
and fed to cattle on the 9th January. The fact that the
cattle here ate Sunflower readily may be of interest in view
of the conflicting opinions in India on this subject. It was
intended to test the small area grown, by feeding it in small
quantities mixed with oats bhoosa, but by a mistake, the
first issue of ten maunds was cut up and put down to a herd
of 40 cows by itself. The 40 cows ate up the whole ten
maunds in one night. They must have relished it, as being
41
the best milkers they were on a good ration of concentrates
with ample of roughage, yet gave themselves no time to get
hungry before clearing up the Sunflower. This crop will
receive a further trial in 1926-27 from seed saved this
year.
(c) Kikuyu Grass:—After two years' experiment the
conclusion is that this grass is a failure in this district. It
only grows when the climate is favourable for a few weeks
in the spring and autumn, even then it is a poor growth
and is rapidly crowded out by indigenous grasses if not
weeded. The plot mentioned last year which was hoped
might be available for grazing experiments contained dis-
tinctly less Kikuyu in March 1926 than in March 1925.
Since weeding has been abandoned indigenous grasses are
rapidly increasing and will probably crowd the Kikuyu
grass out altogether.
(d) Burmese Sorgham seed was also supplied by the
Deputy Director of Agriculture in charge Cattle-Breeding
Operations, United Provinces. The crop was badly affected
by borer and was a complete failure. Local varieties of jowar
were less affected than usual by borer.
(e) Manure.— An experiment for making "compost"
manure was commenced in March 1926, briefly, this con-
sists of heaping grass weeds and organic matter generally,
covering each layer with earth (and sprinkling with lime,
if available). When sufficiently rotted it is used as manure
in the ordinary way. The experiment has been started on
the Mundiawala cultivation, and if successful will be of
great value, as this is the largest irrigated block on the
farm and the most distant from a good manure supply.
(f) A modern masonry ensilage tower was built by
the Public Works Department in the Home Farm during
the year, but it was completed too late to fill. It will be
filled with chaffed green jowar during the kharif of 1926.
Whilst on the subject of ensilage it will be of interest to
mention that an ordinary underground ensilage pit filled
four years ago with green jowar was opened for issue as
rations recently; the pit opened up clean and fresh with
very little top waste, and the animals ate the whole of it up
clean. So long as a pit is kept properly covered with earth
the contents remain good for several years.
42
7. Fodder.—The reserve of fodder at the end of the
year was as follows:—
Ensilage jowar
Stacks, kurby jowar ...
„
hay
...
„
karby bajra ...
„
guar bhoosa ...
„
oats bhoosa ...
Total
21,724 mds.
44,544 „
63,042 „
13 „
1 „
3,673 „
132,
997
„
(82 pounds to
a maund.)
as against 134,278 maunds on 31st March 1925.
The expenditure of fodder during the year exceeded
the amount credited by 1,281 maunds. This is accounted
for by various reasons.
Firstly, more has been consumed owing to the increased
sale of bulls and heifers, the animals being tied up and stall
fed preparatory to issue, secondly, the number of mules on
ration is in excess of the usual number owing to none being
issued to the Army this year, as referred to in "Live Stock"
para. 2 (c) of this report, and thirdly, the kharif crop
was below average owing to the short water supplied already
referred to under "Cultivation" para. 2 of this report.
The weather during March was abnormally cool with
cloudy days and showers of rain which delayed the ripening
of the oat crop, and on 8th March there was a sharp storm
with hail which beat the crop down and did considerable
damage.
BIR.
8. Rainfall.—The rainfall was 12.41" for the year
under report, but the intervals between falls were too
long to grow sufficient grass for any extensive hay-making
to be carried out.
43
9. The weight and value of Bir crops was as follows:—
Name of crop.
Hay (mostly from Anjan Grass (Pennisetum
Oenohroides).
Pala (leaf of wild beri Zizyphus
Numma-
lera).
Anjan granss seed (Pennis-tum Cenchroides)
Weight.
Mds.
16,278
63
8
Srs.
0
0
31
Value.
Re.
16,278
82
79
10. Grazing. —During May and the early part of June
owing to the scanty grazing, stall feeding for about 1,000
cattle had to be resorted to, but later the rainfall was suffi-
cient to grow a fair amount of grass. There was rain in
June that pro noted the growth of grass earlier than usual,
this was followed by a useful fall of 4" in July which served
to keep the grazing going.
LIVE STOCK.
11. The following tables will be found in the Ap-
pendix:—
(a) Table No. XII.—Return of animals on the Hissar
Cattle Farm.
(b) Table XIII.—Breeding results at Hissar Cattle
Farm.
(a) Cattle.—The number of calves born during the
year was 864.
Issues and sales of cattle during the year were as
follows:—
Bulls.
To District Boards in the Punjab ... ...
To Municipal Committee, Sialkot ... ...
To Municipal Committee, Delhi ... ...
To Grantee Farm (R. M. Fazaldad Khan's Farm) ...
To Faridkote State ... ... ... ...
To District Board, Gaya ... ... ... ...
406
1
4
1
8
2
E
44
Male Stock.
To Agricultural Department, U.P., Muttra ...
To the Zamindar of Kangundi, Arcot (S.I.) ...
To the Zamindar of Jind State ... ...
To Khan Sahib Chaudhri Allah Dad Khan's Farm...
Female Stock.
To Punjab Breeders (through the Civil Veterinary
Department and District Boards) ... ...
To Imperial Cattle-Breeding Farm, Karnal ... ...
To Grantee Farm (Jahangirabad Farm) ...
To Zamindar of Kangundi, Arcot
(Southern
India) ... ... ... ...
To Federated Malay States ... ... ...
Cows.
To Federated Malay States ... ...
To Imperial Cattle-Breeding Farm, Karnal ... ...
To Khan Sahib Chaudhri Alla Dad Khan's Farm ...
Bullocks.
To Military Department ... ...
To Military Dairy Farm, Peshawar ...
To Irrigation Department, Punjab ... ...
To Government Lawrence Gardens ...
To Probynabad Stud Farm ... ...
34
2
1
1
(under
mother).
261
16
5
3
5
1
8
1
17
8
2
2
8
(b) Donkey stock.—Issues and sales were as follows:—
Donkey Colts.
To Punjab District Boards ... ...
To North-West Frontier Province (Kurram Valley)
To United Provinces (Muradabad) ...
To Burma ... ... ...
To Indian States (Sirohi State) ...
10
1
2
1
1
(c) Mules—During the year the Army Department
took no mules at all which accounts for a considerable re-
duction in the receipts of the farm.
45
Government have decided to close down mule-breeding
here, but at present no arrangement has been made to dis-
pose of existing stock. There is therefore no set off in the
shape of sales against the grain and fodder they have
consumed during the year.
(d) Sheep. —The following were is ued or sold during
the year:—
Ram Lambs.
To Punjab District Boards ... ... ...
To Coleyana Estate ... ...
To Probynabad Stud Farm ...
To Court of Wards, Bara Banki ... ...
To Zamindar of Kangundi, Arcot (S.I.) ...
To Private breeder in the Punjab ... ...
Ewes.
To Punjab District Board ... ...
To the Zaraindar of Kangundi, Arcot (S.I.) ... ...
58
1
2
4
2
1
1
8
(e) Arab breeding.—The following were issued or
sold:—
Arab Colts.
To District Board, Rohtak ...
To District Board, Gurdaspur ... ...
12. Contagious Diseases:—
2
1
Contagious diseases during the year were as follows:—
(a) Anthrax.—Nil as against two the year before.
(b) Contagious abortion.—The number of cases was as
follows:—
Mule-breeding mares ...
Arab mares ...
Donkey mares ...
2 as
1 „
15
„
against
„
„
9 the
nil „
17 „
year
„
„
before
„
„
(c) Black-quarter.—Nineteen deaths occurred this year as
against 48 the year before. This is a decrease in casualties.
It is hoped this may be due to the new vaccine (germ free
filtrate) supplied by the Muktesar Institute of Veterinary
Research, if so this is a very important advance, as the old
vaccine was very unreliable.
(d) Rinderpest.—Forty-four deaths occurred as against
one the year before.
E2
46
(e) Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia.—No
deaths this or
last year.
(f) Foot and Mouth Disease.—The number of fatal
cases was as follows:-
Cattle
Sheep and goats
...
...
22 as against 2 last year.
12 „ „ 7 „ „
The outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease in January
was very severe, especially among the young male stock at
the Chhaoni Farm. Many deaths occurred, some calves
dying in good condition. A large number of animals lost
condition very seriously and suffered a severe set back
in development.
In February an outbreak of similar violence occurred
among the heifer stock at Kherwan (about 12 miles from
Chhaoni), and at the same time calves in the Home
Farm (10 miles from Kherwan and 2 miles from Chhaoni)
were affected, curiously enough the outbreak although
severe amongst very young stock hardly affected animals
over three years at all. One or two fat calves died
without their mothers showing any symptoms. The older
heifers and male stock at Chhaoni and Kherwan were
either not affected at all or only in a very mild form.
It was also severe amongst sheep and goats. The severity
of the outbreak may be judged from the following note
made by Mr. Branford, before he went on leave:—
"I have never before in India seen such a severe outbreak, with
so many casualties. The outbreak apneared to me to be the malignant
form of Foot and Month Disease of the best books, a form which up to
date I did not think ever occurred in India".
The Research Department of the Punjab Veterinary
College sent down S. Rayazul Hassan, Assistant Pro-
fessor of Pathology, with the object of obtaining the virus
of this outbreak for experiment. I understand that he
successfully transferred the virus to Lahore and the
fact that it was of unusual virulence was confirmed
there.
At the end of March a further outbreak occurred,
this time confined to sheep, and again in the malignant
form, just as the ewes were commencing to lamb. The
mortality amongst the ewes was 10 per cent but about
45 per cent. of the lambs died chiefly at the age of 3
47
or 4 days from shock due to the absorption of the Foot
and Mouth virus in the milk of the infected ewes, or
gastro entritis. Carcasses and samples of ewes' milk were
sent to the Veterinary College, Lahore, for examination,
and on the advice of Mr. Taylor, then Professor of
Pathology, the ewes were given an intravenous injection
of 25cc Lugol's Solution with noticeable results, statistics
of which will be prepared before the next Annual Report.
This latter outbreak was great strain on the Veteri-
nary staff and all concerned worked with unceasing enthusi-
asm. Syed Ghulam Hussain, P. V. S., practically lived in
the Sheep Farm during the outbreak, and M. Atta
Mohamad Khan, Farm Overseer I, in addition to per-
forming his ordinary very considerable routine duties
inoculated ewes at an average of 94 per diem, no mean
feat.
13. Farm Veterinary Hospital.—The details of cases
treated during the year is as follows:—
The average number of cases treated daily was
...
Number of equines castrated ... ... ...
„
„ bovines
„ ... ... ...
„
„ other animals „ ... ... ...
Inoculations performed against Hæmorrhagic Septiæmia
„
„
against Blackquarter
„
„
against Rinderpest ...
„
„
„
Contagious abortion
85
10
12
49
464
1,734
3,948
15
14. Dairy.—The work of handling and gentling heifers,
and occasional weighing of milk yields was continued on
the Farm during the year, with a view to starting milking
tests next year. From the 1st April 1926 the following
extra staff for recording milk yields, etc , was sanctioned:—
1 Dairy Supervisor,
1 Literate Dairy Foreman, and
10 ordinary Dairy attendants,
it will now be possible to carry on proper tests and milk
recording work, for inclusion in future reports.