NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
6
17. The Laboratory.—The following table shows the number of
specimens received and examined at the Laboratory during the
year:—
Nature of disease suspected.
Anthrax ... ... ...
Black Quarter ... ... ...
Epizootic Lymphangitis ... ... ...
Fowl Cholera ... ... ...
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia ... ...
Johne's Disease ... ... ...
Piroplasmosis Bovis ... ... ...
Do.
Ganis ... ... ...
Do.
Equi ... ... ...
Spirochaetosis ... ... ...
Strangles ... ... ...
Surra ... ... ...
Tuberculosis ... ... ...
Miscellaneous ... ...
Total ...
Number
examined.
30
63
10
68
187
5
31
62
5
40
5
185
6
187
884
Positive.
2
46
4
12
56
0
1
5
0
13
3
63
1
50
256
Negative.
28
17
6
56
131
5
30
57
5
27
2
122
5
137
623
18. Employment of Graduates.—Of the 21 students who passed
in 1931, 6 are in the service of Government or Local Bodies, 10 are
in the service of Indian States and 5 are unemployed. Of the
19 students who passed in 1930, 14 are in the service of Government
or Local Bodies, 3 are in the service of Indian States and 2 are
unemployed. Of the 24 students who passed in 1929, 9 are in the
service of Government or Local Bodies, 11 are in the service of
Indian States, 1 is in private practice, 1 has proceeded to Europe
for higher education, 1 is unemployed and 1 died. Thus out of a
total of 64 Graduates passed out during the last three years, 29 are
in the service of Government or Local Bodies, 24 in the service of
Indian States, 8 are unemployed, 1 is in private practice, 1 is
receiving higher education in Europe and 1 died.
19. The College Buildings.—The ordinary current repairs to the
college buildings were carried out by the Public Works Department
as usual. The construction of the Laboratory has been delayed
owing to financial stringency.
20. Extra Duties.—Mr. Hewlett attended the Meetings of the
Imperial Council of Agricultural Research as a Member of the
Advisory Board of the Council as well as of the Governing Body.
He also attended the Meeting of the Committee on All-India
Legislation for the control of Animal Diseases, at Muktesar.
21. General Remarks.—The Principal desires to place on record
his appreciation of the work of all the Officers of the College.
II—TREATMENT OF DISEASE.
Table I.
22. Contagious Diseases.—There was a considerable reduction
in the reported mortality from this
cause during the year, 21,414 deaths
being reported against 34,852 in 1930-31. The decrease is mainly
7
due to a reduction in the mortality from Rinderpest. On the other
hand, the number of outbreaks of contagious diseases reported and
attended exceeds that of the previous year by 738, this being due to
an increase in the number of outbreaks of Foot and Mouth disease.
Three thousand, two hundred and nineteen outbreaks were attend-
ed, of which 3,169 were reported, against 2,481 attended in 1930-31.
Outbreaks occurred in all districts in the Presidency and in the
City of Bombay.
Equine Contagious Diseases.
23. Glanders.—Four cases were detected in the City of Bombay
and were dealt with by the Bombay City and Harbour Veterinary
Department. This is an increase of one case over the previous
year.
Surra.—One hundred and twenty-four cases of this disease were
detected in the Bombay Suburban District and in Thana, Kaira,
Panch Mahals, West Khandesh, and Kolaba Districts.
Epizootic Lymphangitis.—Four cases were detected in the City
of Bombay.
Strangles.—Six cases were reported.
Other contagious diseases.—Twenty cases were reported from
Poona District of which 15 died.
Bovine Contagious Diseases.
24. Rinderpest.—Although this disease was widespread, all
districts with the exception of Ratnagiri having been affected, as
previously stated, the number of attacks and deaths was consider-
ably lower than in the previous year, viz. 32,359 attacks and 14,081
deaths compared with 57,603 attacks and 28,187 deaths in 1930-31.
Ahmednagar district with 187 outbreaks, Nasik District with 147
outbreaks and East Khandesh with 111 outbreaks, were most
seriously affected. In these districts the disease was spread by
means of moving herds, while towards the end of the year, parts of
Sholapur and Satara districts were affected by cattle returning from
a fair in which infection was prevailing.
25. Foot and Mouth Disease.—There was a very considerable
increase in the number of cases affected with this disease, 67,970
attacks and 150 deaths being reported against 17,086 attacks and
93 deaths in the previous year. Of the total of 1,426 outbreaks,
344 occurred in Bijapur district, 200 in Belgaum district, 175 in
East Khandesh and 120 in Poona District. Reports were however
received from all districts and from the City of Bombay.
26. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—This disease was also reported
from all districts of the Presidency. Of 423 outbreaks attended,
98 were confirmed by microscopic examination of smears. Four
thousand three hundred and two attacks and 3,623 deaths were
reported, this being an increase over the figures for the previous
year by 836 and 648 respectively.
8
27. Black Quarter.—Two thousand six hundred and sixteen
attacks and 2,468 deaths were reported from Black Quarter. This
is a decrease over the previous year, but the disease was reported
from a greater area, all districts with the exception of Ahmedabad,
Kaira, Broach, West Khandesh, Kanara and Ratnagiri having
reported the disease.
28. Anthrax.—Reports of this disease were received from
Thana, East Khandesh, West Khandesh, Sholapur, Belgaum;
Bijapur, Dharwar, Kanara, and Ratnagiri Districts. There were
34 outbreaks reported in which 194 animals were attacked and
171 died. In the preceding year, 322 attacks and 278 deaths were
recorded.
29. Other contagious diseases.—There were 378 attacks and 132
deaths among bovines from other diseases.
Contagious Diseases in other Animals.
30. Two hundred and fifty-five attacks and 229 deaths were
reported from Anthrax in sheep in Satara and Belgaum districts.
Eight hundred and sixty-five attacks and 31 deaths were reported
from Foot and Mouth disease in sheep and goats in Bijapur,
Belgaum, Ahmednagar, Kolaba and Satara districts.
Five hundred and sixty-six attacks and 159 deaths occurred in
Bijapur, Dharwar, and Kanara Districts from Goat-pox.
Seventy-five deaths occurred from Rabies.
Fowl Cholera.—Two hundred and seventy-six cases of this
disease were reported of which 196 were fatal.
Other diseases.—Fifty-six attacks and 16 deaths were reported
from other contagious diseases.
Preventive Measures.
Table II.
31. There was a considerable reduction in the number of
animals protected by serum inocula-
tion or vaccination against contagious
diseases during the year under report. The causes of this are (a)
the reduction in the number of outbreaks of Rinderpest and (b) the
introduction of fees for inoculation and vaccination against other
diseases than Rinderpest. The number of animals inoculated and
vaccinated was, 1,16,984 against 2,02,328 in 1930-31.
32. Rinderpest.—(1) In 663 outbreaks of Rinderpest, 91,167
animals were inoculated by Serum alone against 1,33,440 in 952
outbreaks in the previous year. One hundred and seventy-nine
deaths occurred among the inoculated animals while 8,990 deaths
occurred among uninoculated animals in these outbreaks.
(2) Nine hundred and fifty-five head of cattle were protected by
the Serum Simultaneous method. In five places the results of
these operations were entirely successful, but in the sixth, owing
presumably to the fact that the virus was killed or very seriously
attenuated during transit, the operation was a failure, since the
9
disease was subsequently re-introduced into the village and
134 inoculated animals became affected and 27 died.
33. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—(1) In 160 outbreaks of this
disease, 13,139 animals were protected by serum inoculation of
which 4 died. Among uninoculated stock in these outbreaks
1,461 died.
(2) In 8 villages, 1,103 cattle were vaccinated and all were
successfully protected. This figure includes animals vaccinated on
Government farms.
34. Black Quarter.—Nine thousand three hundred and sixty-
three animals were protected against this disease by the inoculation
of Black Quarter aggressin in 221 outbreaks. Of these, 12 died
from Black Quarter and 1,036 unprotected stock died.
35. Anthrax.—In three outbreaks, 434 animals were protected
against Anthrax by inoculation of anti-anthrax serum, of which
2 died, while 21 uninoculated animals died. The disease was
confirmed microscopically in 4 outbreaks.
36. Fowl Cholera.—Eight hundred and twenty-three fowls were
vaccinated against this disease of which 5 died subsequently.
37. Some Native States requested assistance from the Depart-
ment in combating cattle diseases in their territories. In these
States 413 animals were protected against Rinderpest, 141 against
Black Quarter and 140 against Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.
38. Fees realised on account of the inoculation and vaccination
of animals amounted to Rs. 3,104.
Other Diseases.
Table III.
39. The subordinate staff visited 7,056 villages during the year
under report against 5,423 villages
visited in 1930-31. During these
visits, they treated 52,947 cases for contagious diseases and 17,586
cases for non-contagious diseases, an increase of 41,592 over the
preceding year, the increase being mainly under contagious
diseases, the number of which rose from 16,802 to 52,947.
During their tours, they also castrated 13,205 animals against
12,360 in the preceding year.
Investigation.
40. Three hundred and eighty-nine specimens were sent to the
Bombay Veterinary College for examination and 221 post-mortem
examinations were conducted in investigating the cause of death.
For medico-legal purposes, 80 post-mortem examinations were
performed and in 14 cases, specimens were sent to the Chemical
Analyser to Government for analysis. In 13 of these cases, poison
was detected.
The brains of 39 animals suspected to be suffering from rabies
were sent to the Haffkine Institute for microscopical examination
and the disease was confirmed in 26 cases.
Bk-Q 30—2
10
Veterinary Dispensaries.
Table IV.
41. There were 105 Veterinary Hospitals and dispensaries
working at the beginning of the year.
As a measure of retrenchment, the
District Local Board, Ahmednagar, closed the dispensary at
Shrigonda in the month of August 1931. The District Local
Board, Nasik, opened one dispensary at Vani in Dindori taluka,
without the assistance of a Government grant, in March 1932 and
there were therefore 105 dispensaries still working at the end of
the year.
As usual, in addition to the above, a dispensary was opened
during the fair season in the Dangs. This dispensary is itinerating
and the officer in charge was on tour for 158 days and visited 212
villages. In the course of his tours he attended 53 outbreaks of
contagious disease and protected 502 animals by serum inoculation
and 841 by vaccination. It was found necessary to send him back
to the Dangs during the months of August and September 1931 to
suppress outbreaks which were reported during that period.
The number of in and out-patients treated in hospitals and
dispensaries increased from 172,471 to 187,641 during the year
under report and the number of cases supplied with medicine for
treatment at home without attending the dispensaries from 43,317
to 53,118. The average daily attendance at hospitals and dispen-
saries throughout the Presidency proper, excluding cases supplied
with medicine for home treatment, was 21.24.
The number of castrations performed at hospitals and dispen-
saries was 25,309 an increase of 828 over the number performed in
the preceding year.
Four hundred and four cases were sent to infirmaries under the
Act for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and 142 owners were
convicted for offences under the Act. Two hundred and sixty-nine
of these cases were admitted in Poona City Hospital and 53 in
Ahmednagar Hospital.
42. Buildings.—No new buildings were constructed during the
year. A grant of Rs. 2,650 was made from the Wadia Bequest
Fund towards the cost of construction of the Veterinary Dispensary,
Shirpur, in West Khandesh.
III—HORSE BREEDING OPERATIONS.
43. The District Local Board, Ahmednagar, were maintaining
three stallions at the beginning of the year. Two of these stallions
having become unfit for stud work were cast and were not replaced.
At the end of the year there was therefore only one stallion at stud.
The total number of mares covered during the year was 50 as
against 79 in the previous year. The average cost of maintenance
per stallion for the year was Rs. 351-5-6.
IV—SUBORDINATE ESTABLISHMENT.
44. Of the 123 Veterinary Assistant Surgeons employed at the
close of the last year, one retired on superannuation pension,
11
one on invalid pension and one resigned. It is proposed to keep two
of these posts vacant for the present. At the end of the year there
were therefore 120 Veterinary Assistant Surgeons employed in the
Department. There were 5 Veterinary Inspectors employed at the
beginning of the year. In February, however, two of these posts
were abolished owing to re-organisation proposals which were to be
introduced on 1st April 1932 with a view to economy. For the
remainder of the year the work of these two officers was divided
between the remaining three Inspectors.
The Veterinary Inspectors travelled 10,670 miles by road and
12,940 miles by rail. In addition to their usual duty of inspecting
the Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries in their Divisions, they
visited 156 villages for checking the work done there, by Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons and attending outbreaks of disease. It was
necessary to curtail their tours for four months.
45. The names of the following officers are brought to the
particular notice of Government for good work.
Khan Saheb J. D. Buxy, who during the period I have held the
post of Superintendent, has been of the very greatest assistance to
me as my Personal Assistant. He relinquished this post at the
end of the year to take over charge of the post of Deputy Director
of Veterinary Services; Mr. P. V. Nagarsheth, late Veterinary
Inspector, Ahmedabad Division, Mr. S. N. Phatak, late Veterinary
Inspector, Surat Division and Veterinary Assistant Surgeons Y. V.
Limaye, S. M. Adi and D. R. Marathe.
The clerical staff have also worked well and I would mention
the names of the Head Clerk Mr. C. T. Udas, the Accounts-clerk
Mr. P. G. Phadke, and Messrs. H. N. Patange and R. B. Awar.
V—EXPENDITURE OF THE DEPARTMENT.
46. The expenditure of the Department amounted to
Rs. 5,44,409-6-10 of which Rs. 4,33,989-12-3 was met from
Provincial Revenues and Rs. 1,10,419-10-7 from the funds of Local
Boards and Municipalities.
VI—GENERAL REMARKS.
47. Although contagious disease has been widespread throughout
the Presidency, there has been a considerable reduction in reported
mortality from this cause owing to a welcome fall in the incidence
of Rinderpest. The introduction of fees for the protection of
animals by serum inoculation and vaccination against diseases
other than Rinderpest has resulted in a large falling off in the
number of animals so protected. This was expected and although
the charge per head is small, it is doubtful if the majority of cattle
owners can afford to pay them at the present time.
In hospitals and dispensaries, the number of cases treated has
continued to increase and this together with the fact that the
District Local Board, Nasik, resolved to maintain one more
12
dispensary entirely at its own cost at the present time, is indicative
of the popularity of the great majority of these institutions and
the need for more of them. It is regrettable that the District
Local Board, Ahmednagar, found it necessary to close one of these
institutions, particularly an old established one.
The thanks of the Department are due to those officers of the
Revenue and other Departments who gave assistance to the staff in
carrying out their duties.
E. S. FARBROTHER,
Director of Veterinary Services,
Bombay Presidency.
13
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF THE BOMBAY
CITY AND HARBOUR VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
FOR THE YEAR 1931-32.
The Report deals with the Equine Diseases scheduled under the
Glanders and Farcy Act within the Town and Island of Bombay,
Bandra Municipality and Bombay Harbour and with the work
performed under the Live Stock Importation Act.
2. Mr. Hewlett held charge of the Department practically for
the whole of the year excepting the period of three days from 29th
to 31st March 1932 when he proceeded on leave prior to retirement.
Mr. Phadke held charge as Assistant Government Veterinary
Officer throughout the year. Mr. J. M. C. Rebello held charge of
his appointment as Deputy Superintendent throughout the year.
3. During the year under report, 7 horses were destroyed under
the Glanders and Farcy Act, viz. 3 for Glanders and 4 for Epizootic
Lymphangitis and one horse for Glanders under the Live Stock
Importation Act as under :—
(i) Glanders.—There were 4 cases—3 clinical and 1 non-clinical
—as against 9 (non-clinical) in 1930-31 and 3 (non-clinical)
in 1929-30. Two belonged to Arab Dealers and 2 to owners
of carriages plying for hire. By caste they were 3 Arabs and
1 Country Bred.
(ii) Epizootic Lymphangitis.—There were 4 cases of this disease
this year as against none during the last year and the
preceding year. All belonged to owners of carriages plying
for hire. By caste they were 2 Arabs and 2 Country
Breds.
(iii) Surra.—There was no case of this disease this year as
against 9 last year and 6 in the preceding year.
4. During the year under report, 2643 horses were imported into
Bombay as against 2,067 last year and 2,959 in the preceding year.
5. The following table shows the number of horses imported
into Bombay from various Ports :—
Name of Port.
Australian Ports
...
...
...
English Ports ... ... ...
African Ports
...
... ...
Persian Gulf Ports ... ... ...
Ceylon Ports ... ... ...
Indian Ports ... ... ... ...
Total ...
Horses.
1,517
198
2
891
18
17
2,643
6. Of those imported from the Persian Gulf Ports, 807 horses
were for the ordinary Bombay market while the others were for
private use.
14
7. There were two consignments of Queensland horses.
8. Two thousand and eight animals were inspected under the
Live Stock Importation Act. Of these 1,713 were allowed to land
after inspection of their certificates and the remaining were detained
and tested with mallein for Glanders and 1 having reacted was
destroyed.
9. Buildings.—The ordinary current repairs to the Lazaretto
buildings were carried out by the Public Works Department
as usual.
V. R. PHADKE,
Principal, Bombay Veterinary College
and Government Veterinary Officer,
Bombay City and Harbour.
15
TABLE I
Showing the number of deaths from contagious diseases amongst animals during the year 1931-32
District
1
1 Ahmedabad ...
2 Broach ...
3 Kaira ...
4 Panch Mahals ...
5 Surat ...
6 Thana ...
7 Ahmednagar ...
8 East Khandesh ..
9 West Khandesh .
10 Nasik ...
11 Poona ...
12 Satara ...
13 Sholapur ...
14 Belgaum ...
15 Bijapur ...
16 Dharwar ...
17 Kanara ...
18 Kolaba ...
19 Ratnagiri ...
20 Bombay
Subur-
ban District ...
21 Bombay City ...
Total ...
Equines
Glanders
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
4
Anthrax
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Strangles
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
Epizootic Lymph-
angitis
5
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
4
Surra
6
...
... 4
4
... 2
...
...
35
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
....
76
...
124
Other cont
Other contagious
diseases
7
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
... A 15
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
15
Total
8
...
... 4
4
... 2
...
...
35
... 15
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
...
76
8
147
Bovines
Rinderpest
9
128
628
811
126
1,025
198
2,488
1,327
571
2,018
434
280
1,286
1,127
205
994
187
59
...
...
189
14,031
Foot and Mouth|
disease
10
...
5
2
... 1
... 6
53
4
2
5
2
12
15
22
8
10
1
2
...
...
150
Hæmorrbagic
Septicæmia
11
87
75
368
65
102
105
3
137
87
51
38
348
69
799
344
481
64
293
107
...
...
3,623
Black Quarter
12
...
...
... 43
66
12
500
15
...
91
121
280
213
504
514
99
...
10
...
...
...
2,468
Anthrax
13
...
...
...
... ... 20
... 8
2
...
...
... 9
24
15
14
19
... 60
...
...
171
Other contagious
diseases
14
B 3
...
...
...
...
... G 6
...
G 6
D 47
C 2
C 4
...
... E 1
C 1
B 3
C 3
E 53
C 1
E 2
...
...
... ...
132
Total
15
218
708
1,181
234
1,194
335
3,003
1,540
717
2,164
602
910
1,589
2,471
1,103
1,599
334
365
169
...
189
20,625
Others
Foot and Mouth
disease in sheep.
16
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
9
...
...
...
22
...
...
...
31
Anthrax in sheep
17
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
... 218
...
11
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
229
Goat-pox
18
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8
117
34
...
...
...
...
159
Rabies
19
1
... ...
...
...
... 4
...
1
... 2
... 2
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
11
Fowl cholera
20
2
...
...
...
...
166
...
1
... 25
...
...
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
196
Other contagious
diseases
21
...
...
...
...
...
...
... A 6
...
...
...
...
...
F10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
16
Total
22
3
...
...
...
...
170
6
2
... 27
218
2
32
9
117
34
22
... ...
...
642
Remarks
23
A—Contagious
pleuro pne-
umonia.
B—Dengue.
C—Rabies.
D—Bovine Try-
panosomia-
sis.
E—Undiagnos-
ed.
F—Chicken
pox.
G —Coccidio-
sis.
16
TABLE II
Showing the Results of Preventive Inoculation
during the year 1931-32
District
1
Broach ...
Kaira ...
Panch Mahals.
Surat ...
Thana ...
Ahmednagar...
East
Khan-
desh.
West
Khan-
desh.
Nasik ...
Poona ...
Satara ...
Sholapur ...
Belgaum ...
Bijapur ...
Dharwar ...
Kanara ...
Kolaba ...
Total ..
Thana ...
Belgaum ...
Dharwar ...
Total ..
Name of
disease
against
which
inoculation
was carried
out
2
Rinderpest.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Rinderpest.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Method of
inoculation
followed
3
Serum Alone
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do.
...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Serum Si-
multa -
neous.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Number OF outbreaks in
which inoculation was
undertaken
4
18
13
10
21
23
159
107
31
93
25
20
19
45
9
35
14
1
663
1
2
3
6
Number of
animals
Which died
uninoculated
in the course
of outbreak
Equines
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines
6
451
179
154
213
250
1,592
1,665
445
1,165
333
340
958
441
116
519
166
3
8,990
...
48
...
48
Others
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of
animals
inoculated or
vaccinated
Equines
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines
9
1,708
1,329
975
3,838
2,005
26,569
14,336
3,128
11,819
3,315
2,881
6,758
4,620
1,188
4,081
2,486
35
91,071
...
551
351
955
Others
10
...
...
...
...
...
33
...
...
...
...
...
63
...
...
...
...
...
96
...
...
...
...
Number of
inoculated
animals
which
died of the
disease
Equines
11
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines
12
1
5
1
7
10
31
5
...
7
15
2
46
10
7
5
3
...
155
...
27
...
27
Others
13
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
24
...
...
...
...
...
24
...
...
...
...
Remarks
14
...
...
...