NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPTT. PUNJAB.
DIAGRAM SHOWING
STATISTICS OF STAFF & VETERINARY HOSPITALS.
Photo. Zinco. September, 1929.- No. 422-250
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPTT. PUNJAB.
DIAGRAM SHOWING
PATIENTS TREATED BY VETERINARY STAFF.
DURING THE YEARS 1913-
Photo. Zinco. September, 1929.—No 422-1-250
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPTT. PUNJAB.
DIAGRAM SHOWING
NUMBERS OF VACCINATIONS & INOCULATIONS
FOR HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA.
DURING THE YEARS 1913-
Photo. Zinco. September, 1929.—No.422-2-250
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPTT PUNJAB.
— DIAGRAM SHOWING. —
NUMBERS OF INOCULATIONS & VACCINATIONS
FOR RINDERPEST & BLACK QUARTER.
—
DURING THE YEARS 1913-
—
NO. 422-9-250
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPTT. PUNJAB.
DIAGRAM SNOWING
CASTRATIONS OF INFERIOR STOCK IN PUNJAB VILLAGES.
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPTT. PUNJAB.
DIAGRAM SHOWING
CASTRATIONS OF INFERIOR STOCK IN PUNJAB VILLAGES.
No.422-4-250
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPTT. PUNJAB.
DIAGRAM SHOWING
NUMBER OF STUD BULLS UNDER DEPARTMENTAL SUPERVISION
DURING THE YEARS 1913-
Photo. Zinco. September, 1929 —No.422-5-250
MAPB
SHOWING CE OF THE
CIVIL NT
Annual Report
OF THE
Civil Veterinary Department,
Punjab,
For the year 1929-30.
Lahore:
Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab.
1931.
Price: Rs. 3 or 4s. 6d.
Annual Report
OF THE
Civil Veterinary Department
Punjab,
For the year 1929-30.
Lahore:
Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab
1930.
Revised List of Agents for the Sale of Punjab Government
Publications.
ON THE CONTINENT AND UNITED KINGDOM.
Publications obtainable either direct from the High-Commissioner for
India, at India House, Aldwych, London, W. C. 2, or through any book-
seller.
IN INDIA.
The GENERAL MANAGER, "The Qaumi Daler" and the Union Press,
Amritsar.
Messrs. D. B. TARAPOREWALA SONS & Co., Bombay.
The MANAGING PARTNER, The Bombay Book Depôt, Booksellers and
Publishers, Girgaon, Bombay.
Messrs. W. NEWMAN & Co., Limited, Calcutta.
The PROPRIETOR, The Book Company, Calcutta.
Messrs. THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta.
Messrs. CHATTERJI & Co., Booksellers, 201, Corawalis Street.
Calcutta.
Messrs. RAMA KRISHNA & SONS, Lahore.
The SECRETARY, Punjab Religious Book Society, Lahore.
The MANAGER, Standard Book Depôt, Lahore.
The MANAGER, University Book Agency, Lahore.
L. RAM LAL SURI, Proprietor, "The Students' Own Agency," Lahore.
L. DEWAN CHAND, Proprietor, The Mercantile Press, Lahore.
The MANAGER, Mufid-i-'Am Press, Lahore.
The PROPRITOR, Punjab Law Book Mart, Lahore.
Mr. D. PESTONJI, Stockists' Representative, Lahore
The MANAGING PROPRIETOR, The Commercial Book Company, Lahore.
R. S. JAURA, Esq., B.A., B.T., The Students' Popular Depôt, Anarkali,
Lahore.
The Proprietor, Aftab Punjab General Law Book Agency, Lahore.
The MANAGER, Oxford Book and Stationery Co., The Mall, Lahore.
The PRPRIETOR, City Book Co., Post Box No. 283, Madras
The MANAGER, The New Book Depôt, No. 79, The Mall, Simla.
Messrs. THACKER, SPINK & Co., Simla.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Subject.
Annual Report of the Civil Veterinary Department,
Punjab, for the year 1929-30.
CHAPTER I.—GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
Director, Veterinary Services, Punjab
CHAPTER II.—LIVE STOCK.
(A)—Breeding Operations.
1. GOVERNMENT CATTLE FARM, HISSAR.
Climatic conditions .. .. .. .. ..
Live stock .. .. .. .. ..
Cattle-breeding .. .. .. ..
Supply of bulls to district boards .. .. .. ..
Feeding experiments .. .. .. ..
Sheep-breeding .. .. .. .. ..
Goat-breeding .. .. .. ..
Donkey-breeding .. .. .. ..
Arab-breeding .. .. .. ..
Contagious diseases .. .. .. ..
Equine contagious abortion .. .. .. ..
Hospital .. .. .. ..
Fodder .. .. ..
Fodder reserve .. .. .. ..
Expansion .. .. .. ..
Experiments and new crops .. .. .. ..
GENERAL.
Bhoosa waggon .. .. ..
2. GRANTEE CATTLE FARMS
Shergarh small holders' grant
..
..
..
Page.
1
2
ib.
ib.
3
ib.
4
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
5
ib.
ib.
6
ib.
6
8
ii
Subject.
3. CATTLE-BREEDING IN SPECIAL TRACTS.
(a) Hariana tract .. .. ..
(b) Dhanni tract .. .. ..
(c) Other tracts .. .. ..
(1) Montgomery District Cattle-breeding Scheme
(2) Nili Bar Cattle-breeding Scheme .. .. ..
(3) Dajil Village Cattle-breeding Scheme, Dera Ghazi Khan
District .. .. .. .. ..
(4) Malwa Cattle-breeding Scheme .. ..
(5) Improvement of Cattle-and Buffalo-breeding in the
Lahore District .. .. .. ..
4. GENERAL BREEDING WORK IN DISTRICT.
(a) Equines.
Number of stallions—Table VIII ..
Services of stallions—Table VIII ..
(b) Bovines.
Stud bulls—Table VII .. ..
Buffalo-breeding .. .. ..
(c) Others.
Sheep-and goat-breeding .. ..
5. CATTLE AND HORSE FAIRS AND SHOWS.
Fairs and Shows—Table IX .. .. ..
(B)—Diseases amongst Live Stock.
1. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
Control and prevention of contagious diseases in hill dis-
tricts. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Page.
8
9-10
11
11
12
ib.
ib.
ib.
13
ib.
13
14
15
16
17
iii
Subject.
HOSPITALS.
Number of veterinary hospitals—Table V .. .. ..
Work of veterinary hospitals .. .. .. .. ..
Outlying dispensaries .. .. .. .. ..
Building of veterinary hospitals .. .. .. .. ..
Simla Veterinary Hospital .. .. .. .. ..
Treatment of diseases in villages—Table IV ..
2. INCIDENCE OF DISEASE.
Mortality .. .. ..
(a) Equines.
Glanders .. .. .. .. ..
Surra .. .. .. .. ..
(b) Bovines.
Rinderpest .. .. .. ..
Foot and Mouth disease
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia .. .. .. ..
Black Quarter .. .. .. ..
Anthrax .. .. .. .. ..
Other contagious diseases .. .. .. .. ..
(c) Other Animals.
3. PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Anti-Rinderpest inoculations .. .. .. ..
Inoculations against Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia ..
Preventive vaccintaions against Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
Vaccinations against Black Quarter .. .. ..
Inoculations against Anthrax .. .. .. ..
Page.
18
ib.
ib.
19
ib.
ib.
19
20
ib.
21
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
22
ib.
ib.
ib.
23
iv
Subject.
4. CASTRATION.
CHAPTER III.—VETERINARY EDUCATION.
1. PUNJAB VETERINARY COLLEGE, LAHORE.
Charge .. .. .. .. .. ..
Students .. .. .. .. ..
Examinations .. .. .. ..
Hospital .. .. .. ..
Income and expenditure .. .. .. .. ..
Employment .. .. .. ..
General remarks .. .. .. ..
2. SHORT COURSES.
Training of syces .. .. .. .. ..
Training in Surra treatment .. .. .. .. ..
Dressers' Course .. .. .. ..
Farriers' Course .. .. .. .. .. ..
3. VETERINARY RESEARCH.
Hygiene Section .. .. .. .. ..
Medicine Section .. .. .. ..
Pathological Section .. .. .. .. ..
Parasitology Section .. .. .. ..
Surra Section .. .. .. .. ..
Examination of Pathological specimens at Superintend-
ents' headquarters .. .. .. ..
Other research work done by Research Officer in the field ..
4. DEMONSTRATION AND PROPAGNDA WORK.
Literary work done by the staff of department
CHAPTER IV.—ESTABLISHMENT.
(a) Gazetted officers .. .. .. ..
(b) Non-gazetted staff .. .. .. ..
Page.
24
ib.
ib.
25
ib.
ib.
ib.
25
ib.
26
ib.
26
ib.
ib.
ib.
27
ib.
ib.
29
30
31
V
Subject.
CHAPTER V.—EXPENDITURE OF THE DEPARTMENT.
Expenditure—Table X .. .. .. ..
CHAPTER VI.—PROGRESS MADE BY THE DEPARTMENT
IN GIVING EFFECT TO THE RECOMMENDATION OF
THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURE.
(a) Sheep-breeding .. .. .. .. .. ..
(b) Goat-breeding .. .. .. .. ..
(c) Cattle-breeding—Milk and ghee supply ..
(d) Co-operative cattle-breeding societies .. .. ..
(e) Grants-in-aid .. .. .. ..
(f) Cattle fairs and shows .. .. .. ..
(g) Castrations
..
..
..
..
(h) Control of live stock improvement .. ..
(i) Diseases of live stock and their control .. ..
2. GENERAL REMARKS.
General remarks .. .. .. .. ..
Page.
32
33
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
34
ib.
ib.
ib.
34 & 35
Review of the Annual Report of the Civil Veterinary
Department, Punjab, for the year 1929-30.
ALTHOUGH Civil Veterinary administration was pro-
vincialised in 1901, the annual reports up to and includ-
ing that for the year 1910-11 were drawn up in a single
combined report for the Civil Veterinary Department
in the whole of India. The report for the year 1911-12
was the first dealing only with the Punjab and was
submitted by the Director of Agriculture and this is the
first single self-contained report presented by the
Punjab Civil Veterinary Department after its separation
in July 1928, from the Department of Agriculture.
2. The Department has a definite programme aim-
ing at:—
(a) the improvement of the stock both for
draught and milk purposes.
(b) the control and cure of disease.
The improvement of stock, outside the Hissar Cattle
Farm, is in charge of a Live Stock Officer, and during
the greater part of the year under report Mr. Garewal
held the charge, and stimulated work in directions to
which the report bears ample evidence. The Veterinary
Department in the districts is responsible both for pro-
moting better breeding and for the control and cure of dis-
ease and therefore the Live Stock Officer is also Assist-
ant to the Director, Veterinary Services, for breeding.
3. The Hissar Cattle Farm was founded in 1809;
this is the largest institution of its kind in India. From
this farm 328 bulls were issued to district boards and
150 bulls, which were ready for issue, had to be retained
owing to the fodder famine in the South-East Punjab,
and it is hoped that they will be distributed as soon as
conditions improve. A beginning has been made with
100 cows, under special feeding and treatment, with a
view to test their milking qualities. Cow No. 201 which
gave 6,055 lbs. in a lactation period of 300 days has
calved again, and given a daily maximum yield of 39 lbs.
A beginning has been made with goat breeding and two
of the goats yielded 813 and 757 lbs. of milk in 135 and
130 days. Tests with regard to the yield of milk showed
that the prejudice against lucerne is unfounded, and as
a milk producing food both lucerne and berseem are
2
twice as valuable, weight for weight, as cabbage. The
outturn of sunflower per acre exceeded by nearly 49
maunds that of berseem. An attempt has been made
to introduce the salt bush from South Africa. Consider-
able progress was achieved in the grading up of the
Bikaner desert sheep. The productivity of sunflower
and Madras jowar and the inferiority of Shaftal as com-
pared with lucerne and berseem were demonstrated by
experiment, during the course of the year. Valuable
information is being collected as the result of stall
feeding experiments. The Ministry of Agriculture is
greatly interested in all these experiments, and hopes
that the Department will also undertake research to
determine the best nourishing ration in various agricul-
tural circles of the Province.
4. In the districts cattle breeding has received a
slight set back partly owing to the shortage of rain in
the south-eastern districts; but the Live Stock Officer
has won public support for his work in almost all the
districts. The grantee farms, particularly Jahangirabad
farm, are working up to the modern ideas of breeding
and if proper supervision is exercised these farms can be
helped to build up pedigree breeds. In Hissar, Rohtak
and Gurgaon nearly 1,246 farm-bred bulls are already
at work. In the Dhanni Tract 134 bulls are at work;
but the Dhanni Cow has for financial reasons not yet
received as much attention as the Department would
like to give. The Punjab Government (Ministry of
Agriculture) will be glad if some work on cows is also
started. In Montgomery tract, through the generosity
of the grantee of the Jahangirabad farm, 23 farm-bred
bulls have been placed in selected villages in the Dipal-
pur tahsil, villages have been selected in Dera Ghazi
Khan for the improvement of the Dajil, and in
Ludhiana district for the Malwa breeds. The Ministry
of Agriculture attaches great importance to the improve-
ment of local breeds by selection and is gratified that
the Department has taken up this most interesting line
of development. The introduction of a buffalo breeding
scheme in particular villages is another promising line
of work.
5. The study of the milk requirements in a village.
the available supply of fodder and the elimination of poor
3
stock by better stock are lines to which Department
should pay more attention by concentrating work in
selected villages. The Royal Commission on Agriculture
has shown that our villages generally carry a larger
stock than can be supported by the fodder available
and the Ministry of Agriculture will be glad if the De-
partment will start enquiries in selected villages,
ascertain their requirements in the matter of milk and
draught animals and their fodder resources and then
educate the peasant to eliminate the poor stock by
replacing it with better cows and bullocks, and thus
getting a better return. The proposed Nili Bar Cattle
Farm still awaits the provision of funds; and the scien-
tific survey of cattle throughout the province, with a
view to collecting material for decision as to the best
lines on which to improve breeds, has not yet progress-
ed far.
6. An interesting experiment is being made, though
not for the first time, in the direction of introducing
Merino sheep into Kangra district. As was remarked in
the report for the year 1911-12 "continued efforts
and patience will be needed with a view to enlist keen-
ness on the part of the owners." The Ministry hopes,
however, that the present experiment will prove more
successful than that of 20 years ago. It has been prov-
ed that Merino sheep cannot be expected to thrive ex-
cept in the cooler parts of the province.
7. As usual Rinderpest was the most destructive
disease, followed by Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia. Serum
simultaneous treatment has not yet been attempted on
a large scale; but the staff required for such inoculation
is being trained, and, in the near future, the department
should be in a position to undertake a more definitely
organised campaign against Rinderpest. The Ministry
will await with interest proposals to this effect.
8. The treatment of Surra has been conducted with
gratifying success. This treatment also depends largely
on the skill and experience of those who have to carry
out the injections.
9. The Punjab Veterinary College has had a suc-
cessful year and the experiment initiated last year of
4
raising the Entrance qualification for admissions to the
College to the Intermediate standard in Science and Arts
has been justified by its results, since 36 students passed
their second examination out of 47 selected. Now that
the Classification Rules for the Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment have been issued, it will be possible to take steps
to ensure regular recruitment with stability of prospects
for those entering the service. In common with other
sections of the Department the College suffered from the
prevailing financial stringency. The work already per-
formed by the Research Officer has shown how large a
field awaits action, and how little can be done unless
money is invested in the necessary facilities for carrying
out the work. Such developments, however, must per-
force await better times; meanwhile the foundations are
being laid for further research work.
10. Twenty years ago the Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment in the Punjab, including then the North-West
Frontier, Province, was by far the most important sphere
of veterinary work in India. Of a total expenditure of
20½ lakhs in the whole of India in 1909-10, nearly 5
lakhs was expended on veterinary administration in the
Punjab and the North-West Frontier Province. In
these two provinces 839 castrations were performed out
of 1,662 in the whole of India, and out of the total num-
ber of cases otherwise treated in the whole of India,
amounting to 968,044, 356,051 were treated in these
provinces. In the year under report the total expen-
diture, partly by local bodies and partly by the Punjab
Government, on veterinary objects has risen to Rs. 33½
lakhs, the Government contribution amounting to
Rs.14,09,912 and even this figure, owing to financial strin-
gency, showed a decrease of nearly Rs. 1½ lakhs on the
expenditure of the year 1928-29. The number of castra-
tions in the Punjab alone rose to 384,191. The total
number of preventive inoculations and vaccinations
performed amounted to 476,406, and the total num-
ber of animals otherwise treated was 1,210,179. The
latest figures available for the whole of India are
those of 1927-28. In that year the number of castra-
tions in the Punjab (272,185) was more than half the
number of castrations in the whole of India (408,296).
The number of inoculations and vaccinations in the
5
Punjab (649,771) was more than one-third of the total
in the whole of India (1,727,055) and the number of
cases otherwise treated in the Punjab (1,232,643) was
more than one-third of the total number of cases treated
in the whole of India (3,426,836). The number of in-
stitutions in the Punjab (241) was more than one-
quarter of the number in the whole of India (831). In
the present year the number of Veterinary Hospitals,
however, has risen to 270; but even now one hospital
goes to about 140 villages a position which can be
hardly regarded as satisfactory.
11. The Minister feels that no one will be able to
read the report without appreciating the skill, know-
ledge and enthusiasm which are brought to bear on the
problems of animal husbandry in the province. The
efficiency of the teaching in the Veterinary College is
acknowledged almost as much outside the province as
within; the work being carried out at the Hissar Cattle
Farm is perhaps less well known owing to the remote-
ness of its situation; but there are few institutions, if
any, in the Punjab which repay better a few hours
inspection. Every aspect of the farm work reflects the
care and skill of those in-charge and the Minister would
be glad if more people could be induced to visit the
finest institution of its kind East of Suez, The pre-
ventive and curative work of the Department is now
extended into the villages, and the single fact that over
one and-a-half million animals were treated in one way
or another is itself sufficient evidence of the benefits
which are being conferred.
12. The Punjab Government (Ministry of Agricul-
ture) wishes to acknowledge the excellent work performed
by all officers in the Department under the control of
Mr. Quirke and to congratulate him on the results
achieved; it also wishes to place on record its apprecia-
tion of the work done at the College under Mr. Taylor
and at the Hissar Farm under Mr. L. W. Smith.
By order of the Punjab
Government (Ministry of Agriculture).
JOGENDRA SINGH,
Minister for Agriculture.
J. W. HEARN,
Secretary to Government,
Punjab, Revenue Department
Annual Report of the Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Punjab, for the year 1929-30,
BY
Mr. T. F. Quirke, M. R. C. V. S., I. V. S., Director,
Veterinary Services, Punjab.
CHAPTER I.—General Administration.
Director,
Veterinary
Services, Punjab.
1. Mr. W. Taylor, Principal, Punjab Veterinary
College, Lahore, officiated as Director
during my absence on 8 months'
home leave ending November 13th,
1929.
2. Both Mr. Taylor and I carried out inspection
tours of certain districts, as well as attending most of
the important cattle fairs where special propaganda
work was being conducted by the staff of the depart-
ment.
I inspected, on different occasions during the year,
the Hissar Cattle Farm, as well as the grantee farms.
I also visited Rakh Jabhowal near Chakwal, Jhelum
District, in connection with the establishment of a
Dhanni cattle-breeding farm, preliminary arrangements
for which are now in progress. I paid a special visit to
the Kue-ki-Bahawal Zail of the Montgomery District
for the starting of a Montgomery cattle improvement
scheme under which 23 Montgomery bulls bred on the
Jehangirabad Cattle Farm have been distributed in
selected villages.
I also toured in the Hariana, Dhanni and Malwa
cattle-breeding tracts to examine the progress of the
Department's live stock improvement schemes for these
areas.
3. As a member of the Advisory Board, I attended
the meeting of the Imperial Council of Agricultural
Research at Pusa in December 1929.
2
CHAPTER II.-Live Stock.
(A) BREEDING OPERATIONS.
1. GOVERNMENT CATTLE FARM, HISSAR.
4. Mr. L. W. Smith held charge of the farm as
Superintendent throughout the year.
Visitors to the farms included—
(i) His Excellency the Governor of the Punjab
(ii) The Hon'ble Minister for Agriculture,
(iii) The Financial Commissioner, Development,
(iv) Sir Charles Todhunter, Mysore,
(v) Dr. Leslie Colman, Mysore, and
(vi) The Imperial Dairy Expert, Mr. W. Smith.
Climatic conditions.
5. The annual rainfall amounted to 11.96 inches
against the yearly average of 14
inches. Of the total rainfall 8.68
inches fell in the months of July and August, which
were followed by seven months' draught.
There
was a bad dust haze prevailing for several weeks of the
hot weather. The Bir grasses which had sprouted with
the monsoon rains failed to grow in the subsequent dry
period, particularly the more valuable grass Anjan.
Live stock.
6. During the year under report the issues of live
stock for breeding purposes to
Punjab
zamindars and district
boards included 331 bulls, 260 rams and ewes, 3 pony
stallions and 9 donkey stallions.
Cattle-breeding.
7. Nine hundred and fifty-seven calves were born
as against 1,190 in the previous year.
The average live weight this year
of Hissar calves at birth was determined as 58 lbs.
Weights varied from 45 to 70 lbs.
Previous experience on the farm has shown very con-
clusively that the birth-rate amongst live stock is very
seriously influenced by famine conditions. It has also
been satisfactorily proved that it is impossible by stall
feeding to maintain the farm herd in anything like the
condition which results from good natural grazing.
3
Supply of bulls to dis-
trict boards.
8. Three hundred and twenty-eight bulls were
issued to district boards compared
with 324 during the previous
year. In addition, there were 150
bulls ready for issue from the Farm in March 1930,
but, owing to fodder famine in the Hariana Districts,
these remained undistributed.
9. There are now some 100 odd selected cows and
heifers from the farm herd of a milch type receiving
special feeding and treatment suited to dairy cattle.
The following statement shows the milk yield of some
of these cows and heifers:—
No. of
cows.
201
2/22
11 H. P. 28
190
316
379
169
423
107
2/22
3/26
4/25
2/25
4/25
1/25
Date of calving.
13th October 1928
30th
May
1929
11th November 1928
3rd December 1929
22nd September 1929
25th November 1929
16th December 1929
27th
July 1929
Total
milk
yield
in lbs.
6,055
6,139
7,668
1,991
2,228
1,475
1,161
2,456
Days.
in
milk.
300
296
296
137
222
148
118
268
Maximum
daily
yield in
lbs.
28
36
28
27
20
17
23
20
REMARKS.
She has again
calved, and bet
maximum daily
yield has reached
30 lbs.
3rd lactation.
1st lactation.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Feeding experiments.
10. Lucerne, berseem and cabbage were tested as
cattle foods to determine their influ-
ence on milk yield, and it was found
that for this purpose 1 lb. of lucerne or berseem equals
2 lbs. of cabbage. The common belief amongst cattle-
owners that lucerne lowers the milk yield was put to
test and definitely disproved. Further trials on these
three feeds are to be continued.