NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
31
resistant" oats seed sent to the Farm by the Cerealist, Lyallpur
Agricultural College. Borer caused no serious trouble in the
Kharif.
The almost total failure of winter rain was very bad
for barani crops, and the yields were very poor.
No serious labour difficulty was experienced and malarial
and other fevers were less than usual owing to the dryness
of the year. The fodder famine in the locality led to an
epidemic of fodder stealing on the Farm, which was quickly
checked by catching and prosecuting several offenders.
6. The Bir.—The Bir suffered considerably by the
patchy rainfall, and the severe frost. Anjan grass grew
well in August, but subsequent rain was insufficient to bring
it to maturity. It was too short for haymaking. Ordinary
grass grew well, as it can grow with far less rain than Anjan,
but it is not of such good quality. Haymaking operations
therefore were practically confined to Bur grass. Bur has a
peculiar scent, which is probably why the cattle refuse to
eat it until they can get nothing else. I propose to carry out
experiments in feeding it chopped and mixed with other
ration. As it is the only grass that grows in years of scanty
or patchy rainfall, it is necessary to discover the best way to
utilise it.
An experiment has been made in burning jungle in the Bir
this year, and the effect on the grass will be watched during
the monsoon and reported on next year.
Illicit grazing as usual gave a lot of trouble. Every
one was short of grass and fodder. The new Head Darogha,
Subedar Arjan Singh, late of the 2/128th Pioneers worked
very hard to cope with this problem, ably backed up by
Daffedar Qasim Ali, the second Darogha. It is hoped in time
to fence the Bir a few miles at a time which will be a great
check on illicit grazing, and if the proposal to recruit a better
paid type of man, i. e., ex-soldiers from other parts of the
Province, instead of poorly paid Chaprassis from the local
villages, is sanctioned the offence should almost die out.
It is not only the grass stolen in this way that causes anxiety,
but also the danger of disease being introduced into the
Farm herds by their grazing over their land where the vil-
lage cattle have been.
32
7. Expansion.—Although
no funds or staff have yet
been allotted, considerable progress have been made with the
new land being brought under irrigation. The Assistant
Superintendent (Fodder) is laying out the land on model
lines ably assisted by Veterinary Assistant, Daulat Ram,
who has taken readily to this work. The whole is being laid
out in 25 acre squares intersected with roads so placed
as to have no areas difficult to supervise. It is interesting
to watch the development of scrub and jungle into orderly
cultivated lands. It has also aroused some local interest, and
it is hoped that landowners will realise the benefits of rect-
angulation and have their lands surveyed and re-marked by
the Canal Department. Some four hundred acres of the new
land has been temporarily leased to tenants all of whom
are enthusiastic about the new system, now that their early
prejudices have been overcome.
It is proposed to square the old cultivated areas of the
Farm 500 acres at a time. The first survey has been made in
Mundiawala where the new layout is being carried out under
the enthusiastic supervision of Sh. Mumtaz Hussain, P.V.S.,
Deputy Superintendent (Fodder).
8. Experiments.—Experiments
with several varieties
of Fodder were carried out by Mr. W. S. Read, C.V.D.,
Assistant Superintendent (Fodder). That relating to Irungu
Cholam (Madras Juar) which he first introduced to the Punjab
in 1926 being of special interest. He reports as follows :—
"My experiments this year were confined to Sunflower, and seve-
ral varieties of Sorghum, viz., Juar seed from Madras (Irungu Cholam),
Sundhia Juar seed from Nadiad, Impey from Lyallpur and Saccoline
Juar from Sargodha.
"Sunflower.—This is the third year I have tried this crop. This
time from the second generation of the original seed received from the
United Provinces. The results have been as follows :—
'The green yield per acre was 477 maunds sown in October it is
ready to cut in January when green fodder is usually scarce. I have
never had sufficient seed to grow anything but a Rabi crop but I believe
the plant has great possibilities, as odd seeds I have sown at various
times have always germinated, and I have had a few healthy plants
growing in the open in the month of June without special care or treat-
ment. I hope to have more seed next year so that I can make monthly
sowings and collect data.'
"Irungu Cholam.—(Madras Juar). This I introduced in 1926,
and have since grown it both from imported seed, and from seed grown
33
here. It is a very prolific fodder juar and gives heavy yields as the
statement at the end of this note shows. It was sown this year side
by side with the Local variety, both from imported seed and seed
grown here last year.
"Sundhia, Impey, Saccoline.—These were grown in experimental
plots in comparison with the loeal juar seed. Sundhia gave a green
cutting of 92 maunds 30 seers, per acre after 93 days. A soft palatable
fodder. The other two varieties and the two plots of Local could not
compete with this and only a cutting for hay was taken. The outturns
per acre were as follows :—
Impey ..
Local Plot A.
Sundhia
Local Plot B.
Saccoline
Green.
Mds. Srs. Chs.
.. ..
.. ..
.. 92 30 0
.. ..
.. ..
Hay.
Mds.
201
165
61
215
282
Srs.
2
17
16
12
12
Chs.
0
0
0
0
0
Total.
Mds.
201
165
154
215
282
Srs.
2
17
6
12
12
Chs.
0
0
0
0
0
" With Irungu Cholam I carried out two experiments, the first
seed I had saved last year, to try acclimatised seed, and also to see
if it would grow if sown very early. Early sowings of Juar are neces-
sary for green ration and ensilage making. A Juar which will not grow
early is of no use here. It was sown in competition with Local seed,
the results are as follows :—
Irungu Cholam ..
Local .. ..
Green.
Mds.
438
156
Srs.
2
20
Chs.
0
0
Hay.
Mds.
161
177
Srs.
5
37
Chs.
0
8
Total.
Mds.
599
334
Srs.
7
17
Chs.
0
8
" The second experiment was Irungu Cholam imported seed in
competition with Local Seed. No green cutting was taken as the seed
was received from Madras late and by the time the crop had matured
the demand for green Juar either for ration or ensilage was over. The
results were as follows :—
Irungu
Cholam..
..
Local
..
..
137 maunds per acre.
91½ maunds per acre.
"Each year that I have tried out Irungu Cholam it has been far
more prolific than the Local or any other variety tried here. Peculiari-
ties I have observed are that it remains green a month or more longer
than other varieties sown at the same time, which is a great considera.
tion when the Cattle Breeder or Dairy Farmer is concerned. I have
also observed that it seems very much more resistant to disease. In
34
1926 my plot of Irungu Cholam was surrounded by Local Juar badly
infected with Borer and Teli, but I could not find a single plant of Irungu
Cholam affected. Some plants in a plot of one year acclimatised seed
last year were very slightly affected. The Local varieties suffered
far more.
" I am of opinion that Irungu Cholam should be introduced into
the Province on a large scale. The cost of getting up large quan-
tities of the seed is prohibitive for this Farm or for the small-holder.
I think the Agricultural Department should arrange to get up several
wagons of seed early next year for distribution and also for produc-
ing acclimatised seed in large quantities."
V.—GENERAL.
1. Co-operative Societies.—Mr. W. S. Read, has for some
years been doing a lot of propaganda work in interesting
the staff of the Farm in Co-operation, and this year
has succeeded in having seven Societies started. Four
Thrift Societies on the Farm itself amongst the employees
with a total Membership of 116, and three Credit Societies
amongst the Farm Tenants with a Membership of 67. All
are very flourishing and I think Mr. Read's ambition to see
the men out of the hands of the money-lenders is on the fair
road to realisation. I hope that one or two more Societies
will be formed during the current year to get in the men who
are not yet members.
2. A Fordson Tractor with 4 ton steel tipping trailer
to replace the old one ton lorry was purchased in February
1929 and has proved a great success.
3. To encourage good ploughing and add interest to
work amongst the ploughmen employed on the Farm, a
Ploughing Competition was held on 26th March 1929 and
Rs. 69 was awarded as prizes to the ploughmen. The com-
petition will now be held annually, and it is hoped, that it
will tend to improve the standard of ploughing on the Farm.
Besides the holding of such competitions will serve as a valu-
able demonstration and create a great stimulus amongst other
Zamindars of the District.
4. Sh. Mumtaz Hussain, Deputy Superintendent
(Fodder) taught the Agricultural classes in the Jat High
School in addition to his duties and without any remuneration,
for which he deserves thanks.
35
5. My thanks are due to both outdoor and indoor staff
for loyal and energetic support throughout the year spe-
cially to Assistant Superintendents, Messrs Read and Nanda,
Deputy Superintendents, M. Mohammad Jan and Sh.
Mumtaz Hussain and the Head Clerk, B. Pearelal Gupta.
I am specially indebted to S. Santokh Singh and Ch.
Baldeo Singh, Officers-under-Training, for their keen interest
and for the help they have rendered to the Farm.
PHOTOGRAPHS.
Photographs are included with this report as follows :—
(a) Cow No. 190-2/22. Third Lactation over 4,000
lbs. in 190 days, still giving 14 lbs. a day.
(b) Cow No. 201-2/22. Yield over 5,000 lbs. 3rd
lactation.
(c) Bull No. 158-2/24. Sire 304-4/4. Dam 378-4/8.
L. W. SMITH,
Superintendent, Government Cattle Farm, Hissar.
36
Annual Report of Live Stock Officer to Government,
Punjab, for the year 1928-29.
Mr. R. Branford, I.V.S., remained in charge from 1st
April 1928 to 14th July 1928 when he proceeded on long
leave preparatory to retirement. He was also in charge
of the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, from 1st April 1928
to 30th June 1928. He spent 16 days on tour, travelled
865 miles by rail and 268 miles by road. During the period
that he was in charge as Live Stock Officer to Government,
Punjab, he inspected once all the Grantee Farms. He also
inspected the Gowshala at Ludhiana.
The post of the Live Stock Officer to Government,
Punjab, remained vacant from 15th July 1928 to 27th July
1928.
I took over the charge of this post from 28th July 1928
and remained in charge till the end of the year under report.
I spent 92 days on tour in connection with the Live Stock
work and travelled 6,298 miles by rail and 2,392 miles by
road. All the Grantee Farms were inspected by me three
times during 8 months that I was in charge as Live Stock
Officer to Government, Punjab.
The question of Montgomery and Dajil Cattle-Breeding
Schemes was taken up on the lines of Dhanni Cattle-Breeding
Scheme. I would like to start Montgomery Cattle-Breeding
Scheme in the zail of Kue Ki Bahawal in Dipalpur Tahsil.
S. Dost Muhammad Khan and Khan Sahib Chaudhri Allah
Dad Khan have offered approved bulls of Montgomery
breed over 3 years of age, free of cost. Of these 25 bulls
are now ready and more will be available later. There are
also men willing to keep these free of cost.
Dajil and area round about it, is the most suitable area
for Dajil Cattle-Breeding Scheme.
I visited Dhanni breeding tract and attended Talagang
and Chakwal cattle fairs. Excellent arrangements were
made at Chakwal to show Dhanni cows, bulls and young
stock. But in years of scarcity the fodder problem is difficult
to face. This breed is very popular in the Northern Districts
of the Punjab. A farm for this breed of cattle should be
opened in the Dhanni tract or as near it as possible.
Excellent stock of Hariana breed of cattle was seen at
several cattle fairs held in the Hariana tract. Rohtak
District has made good progress in the Hariana Cattle-
37
Breeding Scheme, whereas Gurgaon suffered from scarcity of
fodder. Cattle Fairs at Rohtak, Jhajir, Gohana, Jahazgarh,
Meham, Gurgaon, Rewari and Hissar were attended and young
stock of our approved bulls was noticed. Cattle Fairs at
Moga, Muktsar and Ludhiana were also attended.
The
distribution of bulls at Hissar Farm was attended in Novem-
ber 1928 and again in March 1929. An indent for 290 bulls
from Rohtak, Gurgaon, Hissar and Karnal was received
which is the highest indent on record. The total number
of bulls which could be supplied from Hissar Farm was 323.
I also remained in charge of South Punjab Circle as Sup-
erintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, till the 11th of
March 1929.
S. Ghulam Hussain was appointed Deputy Superinten-
dent, Live Stock Section, and took over the charge of this
post on the 25th August 1928 and remained in charge as Deputy
Superintendent till the end of the year under report. He
spent 111 days on tour, travelled 2,034 miles by rail and
1,867 miles by road. He inspected Bahadarnagar Cattle
farm 7 times, Qadirabad farm 8 times, Fazlabad farm 7
times, Montgomery Dairy farm 11 times, Shergarh Grantees
farm 6 times, Jahangirabad 6 times and Alladad Khan
Cattle farm 4 times during the year under report.
S. Ghulam Hussain, Deputy Superintendent toured in
Dipalpur Tahsil in connection with the Montgomery Cattle
Breeding Scheme work. He went to Pakpattan in connec-
tion with the taking over of the 1st Burewala farm as ordered
by the Director, Civil Veterinary Department, Punjab,
Lahore. He accompanied me during my tour in the Dera
Ghazi Khan district and also visited Pirowala forest land in
connection with the utilization of the forest grass.
S. Santokh Singh and Chaudhri Baldeo Singh who were
appointed as Superintendent and Deputy Superintendent
respectively of the Nili Bar farms remained attached to the
Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, as Officers-under-Training
during the year under report.
GRANTEE CATTLE FARMS.
There are seven such grants at present. Six of these are
for cattle breeding and one for Dairy. Of the six for cattle
breeding, 5 are large grants to single grantees and one to a
number of small holders. All of these are situated on the
Lower Bari Doab Canal and constitute a part of new coloni-
38
zation. These grants of Government land are on leases
made on cattle breeding conditions. The farms are being
run as private enterprise under the supervision of the Civil
Veterinary Department according to terms of their leases.
Table below shows some particulars of the six large
grants:—
Name of the farm.
Area
in
acres.
REQUIRED
STRENGTH
OF HERD.
Cows. Bulls.
PRESENT STATE OF STOCK AT THE
CLOSE OF THE YEAR.
Cows. Herd
bulls.
Produce.
Male. Female.
Bulls
for
issue.
Bulls
issued for
breeding.
HISSAR BREED FARM.
Fazalabad Cattle Farm ..
Bahadarnagar Cattle Farm
Qadirabad Cattle Farm ..
3,140 |
3,131
1,000
400
400
125
6
6
3
389
361
122
6
6
3
185
293
63
232
311
93
12
10
1
18
10
12
MONTGOMERY OR SAHIWAL BREED FARMS.
Jahangirabad Cattle Farm ..
Allahdad Khan Cattle Form
4,226
3,800
500
125
8
3
504
174
8
4
272
122
375
140
3
16
12
..
DAIRY GRANT.
Montgomery Dairy Farm ..
485
150
5 152
5 32
95
..
..
The herds of these farms are being gradually improved
by replacing inferior cows with best farm bred heifers and by
purchasing cows from outside. Specially selected male
stock (aged 3 years or above) is issued to Local Bodies and other
private persons for breeding purposes at a concession rate of
Rs. 250 each, the remainder is castrated and sold to Zamin-
dars as bullocks. The grantees on each inspection are im-
pressed with the necessity and advantages of improving
their foundation stock, better rearing and liberal feeding of
the young growing animals. The progress is slow as grantees
pay more attention to their crops than to cattle. They
find the former more remunerative. Their lack of knowledge
in up-to-date methods of animal husbandry and their
tardy willingness to employ enough supervising staff, as they
do not expect better return of their capital and energy in this
direction, is also responsible for the prevailing state of affairs
on these farms. Cattle-breeding on private farms can only
be encouraged if and when cattle-breeding industry can for
economical reasons prove most remunerative to the breeders.
39
Bahadarnagar Farm.—This is a Hissar breed cattle farm
consisting of 3,131 acres situated at a distance of about 12
miles from Okara railway station. Efforts are being made to
improve the management of this farm. The number of the
cows under milk test is being increased. This farm is under
great disadvantage for the disposal of its produce owing to
its being at a distance from the railway station. Two hundred
and twenty-two calves were born and 64 heifers and one herd
bull were allowed to enter into herd during the year under
report.
Fazalabad Farm.— This is also a Hissar breed cattle
farm consisting of 3,140 acres situated very close to Yusafwala
railway station. The number of cows under milk test is
being increased. The quantity of daily milk yield at present
is not large enough to admit of disposal of milk on large
scale. One hundred and eighty-seven calves were born
and 22 purchased cows and 23 farm bred heifers were allowed
to enter into the herd after approval during the year under
report.
Qadirabad Farm.—This is also a Hissar breed cattle
farm. It consists of 1,000 acres situated close to Qadirabad
railway station. The farm is well managed.
Almost all
the cows in milk are kept under milk test. Fifty-four calves
were born and 15 heifers were entered into herd after approval
during the year under report.
Jahangirabad Farm.—This is a farm of the Montgomery
breed cows. It consists of 4,226 acres and is situated at a
distance of 3 miles from Kachakhu railway station. The
farm is well managed. The herd is being improved steadily.
Cattle are kept in good condition all round the year. Milk
of all the cows is recorded. Twenty-five thousand one
hundred and forty-three lbs. of cream realising Rs. 21,897
was sold to the Military Department during the year. One
hundred and ninety-one calves were born and 87 heifers
and one bull were entered into herd during the year under
report.
S. Dost Muhammad Khan, proprietor of the farm, has
offered 50 young bulls free of cost to the Government for the
improvement of Montgomery breed of cattle in the Punjab.
Alladad Khan Farm.—This is also a Montgomery breed
cattle farm. It consists of 3,800 acres situated at distance of
about 10 miles from Jahanian railway station and 20 miles
40
from Khanewal at the tail of the canal. The strength of his
herd was fixed 400 cows and 6 bulls originally but later on the
proprietor, Chaudhri Alladad Khan, was allowed to keep 125
cows and 3 bulls up to 1929 as concession on account of
inferiority of the land of the farm. The farm is well managed.
This farm is away from the railway station and is under great
disadvantage for the disposal of its produce. One hundred
and six calves were born and 44 heifers were entered into
herd after approval during the year under report.
Khan Sahib Chaudhri Alladad Khan has offered 75
young bulls to be given to Government free of cost for the
improvement of Montgomery breed of cattle in the Punjab.
Montgomery Dairy Farm.—The dairy is situated at
a distance of about 5 miles from the city of Montgomery.
It consists of 485 acres of land. This farm is well equipped
and is being run on modern methods of dairying. Some
Montgomery cows at this farm are really of very good quality
and fine specimen of Montgomery breed. It is serving its
purpose of supply of good milk to the city of Montgomery.
Ninety-nine calves were born and 6 purchased and 15 farm
bred heifers were entered into herd during the year under
report.
Shergarh Small Holders Grant.—These grants are in the
neighbourhood of Shergarh at a distance of about 12 miles
from Renala Khurd railway station. The grant consists of
218½ rectangles in seven different chaks and is allotted to
223 grantees required to keep 437 cows, i.e., 2 cows per rect-
angle, approved by the Civil Veterinary Department.
The milk of all the cows is recorded and pedigree herd
registers are maintained as before by the Co-operative De-
partment.
Arrangements for the supply of herd bulls for grantees
cows have been made. There were 11 approved bulls working
in different chaks at the close of the year.
Cows that are bad milkers are being eliminated and
replaced by good approved ones.
Every effort is being made to encourage steady im-
provement on these farms but necessary enthusiasm on the
part of the grantees is still lacking. The grantees seem
41
careless of the economic conditions of their farms and have
shown very little aptitude to take up to modern methods
of scientific cattle-breeding.
I would like to mention the names of S. Ghulam Hussain,
Deputy Superintendent, Live Stock Section, and B. Manphul
Singh, my head clerk, for the good work done by them during
the year under report.
J. S. GAREWAL, I.V.S.,
Live Stock Officer to Government, Punjab,
Ferozepore.
Bull No. 158 2|24
Sire 304 4|4
Dam 378 4|8
The bull has a milk pedigree behind him.
Ready for work.
LOCAL BREED BY HISSAR BULL.
Cow No. 190 2|22.
3rd lactation over 4,000 lbs. in 190 days.
Still giving 14 lbs. a day.
Cow No. 201 2|22.
Yield over 5,000 lbs. 3rd lactation.
DHANNI BULL AND COWS: STOOD FIRST IN MIANWALI CATTLE FAIR, 1928-29.
SUBSIDY BULL, NUQRA: DHANNI BREED (2½ YEARS). WON 1ST PRIZE, FATEH JANG CATTLE FAIR (ATTOCK).
DISTRICT BOARD BULL WITH FAMILY IN A VILLAGE.
i
TABLE I.
STATEMENT SHOWING THE MAIN RESULTS OF THE PUNJAB VETERINARY COLLEGE, LAHORE, 1928-29.
Year e n d i n g 31s t Ma r
c h 1929.
1929
Name and
Duration of
Course of study.
Four
years'
L. V. P. Course.
Refresher Course
Farriers Course
Dressers Course
NUMBER OF STUDENTS ADMITTED.
By nomination.
Not up to Matriculation
standard.
...
...
27
1
Matriculates
and equiva-
lents.
4
1
...
...
Intermediates and higher
standard.
15
...
...
...
By selection.
Not up to Matriculation
standard.
...
...
...
...
Matriculates
and equiva-
lents.
2
...
...
...
Intermediates
and higher
standard.
20
...
...
...
Total number of students admitted into the
College.
47
1
27
1
Total number of students under instruction
at the end of the year.
167
1
27
1
Number of Candidates passed out.
16
1
18
1
INCOME.
Fees.
Rs.
21,976
...
...
...
Ot her Cources.
Rs.
10,073
...
...
...
Tot al .
Rs.
32,940
...
...
...
EXPENDITURE.
Sal ar i
es of I ns t
r uct i
ng Staff.
Its.
79,367
...
...
...
Ot her expens es .
Rs.
1,01,396
...
...
...
Total.
Rs.
1,80,763
...
...
...
REMARKS.
ii
TABLE
SHOWING NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AMONGST
1
TOTAL ...
Total of 1927-28 ...
Total of 1926-27 ...
EQUINES.
Glanders.
2
12
39
14
Anthrax.
3
…
…
...
Surra.
4
15
36
133
Dourine.
5
...
…
…
Other
conta-
gious diseases.
6
...
50
11
Total.
7
27
125
148
BOV
Kinder pest.
8
14,359
25,708
27,626
Foot and mouth
disease.
9
1,144
1,815
1,041
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia.
10
11,026
11,347
10,780
iii
II.
ANIMALS DURING THE YEAR 1928-29 AS REPORTED BY PATWARIS.
NES.
Black quarter.
11
553
499
710
Surra.
12
...
295
1,380
Other
conta-
gious diseases.
13
391
269
870
Total.
14
27,473
39,933
42,4 7
OTHERS.
Rinderpest.
16
378
1,062
103
Foot and mouth
disease.
16
83
200
105
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia.
17
95
70
26
Surra.
18
…
…
2
Other diseases.
19
1,110
1,026
2,316
Total.
20
1,640
2,358
3,552
iv
TABLE II.
SHOWING NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AMONGST ANIMALS DURING THE YEAR 1928-29.
District.
1
Government
Cattl
Farm, Hissar.
Total for 1028-29 ...
Total for 1927-28 …
Total for 1026-27
...
EQUINES.
Glanders.
2
…
...
…
…
Anthrax.
3
…
...
…
...
Surra.
4
…
…
…
…
Dourine.
5
…
…
…
…
Other contagious
diseases.
6
…
...
...
(c) 2
Total.
7
…
…
…
3
BOVINES.
Rinderpest.
8
2
2
4
…
Foot and mouth
disease.
9
5
5
9
1
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia.
10
18
18
20
35
Black quarter.
11
17
17
58
20
Authrax.
12
2
2
…
2
Other contagious
diseases.
13
…
...
(b) 4
...
Total.
14
44
44
95
67
OTHERS.
Rinderpest.
15
…
...
...
...
Foot and mouth
disease.
16
4
4
18
219
Contagious
Plerupneu-
monia.
17
…
...
...
...
Mange.
18
…
…
…
…
Gil.ur.
19
…
…
…
…
Rubies.
20
…
…
…
…
Goat Fox.
21
…
...
…
…
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia.
22
…
...
...
…
Black quarter.
23
…
…
...
1
Liver Flukes.
24
…
…
…
…
Influenza.
25
…
…
…
…
Other contagious
diseases
26
(a) 36
36
…
…
Total.
27
40
40
18
220
REMARKS.
28
(a)
Contagious
aphtha.
(b) Navilill.
c) Strangles.