NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
22
microscopical blood examination was 195 as compared with
97 during the previous year.
(b) Bovines.
Rinderpest.
56. Rinderpest appeared in all the districts of the
province except Mianwali. It was
particularly severe in the Lahore, Guj-
ranwala and Sheikhupura districts. With the increased
net-work of hospitals the Department is establishing closer
contact with the actual disease incidence of the Province.
Foot and Mouth Disease.
57. The disease appeared in 24 districts of the Province.
It was severe in Kangra, Ludhiana and
Karnal districts. The use of taramira
oil as a dressing for mouth lesions and tar oil for foot cases are
gaining in popularity. Both remedies are cheap and easily
obtainable in the bazars.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.
58. This disease appeared in all the districts of the
Province, except Simla. It was res-
ponsible for considerable mortality in
Lyallpur, Amritsar and Shahpur districts.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia is a disease associated with
water-logged low-lying, and riverain areas, where also para-
sitic diseases of stock are rife. The mortality would have
been very severe during the year under report, had it not been
for the intervention of sera and vaccines in the well-known
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia areas.
Black Quarter.
59. This disease was reported from 19 districts of the
Province. The heaviest mortality took
place in the Rawalpindi and Jhelum
districts. The regional distribution of this disease is of
considerable interest.
Anthrax.
60. There were 27 cases of anthrax during the year under
report, all being reported from the
Jhelum District.
Other contagious diseases.
61. During the year under report other diseases of a
contagious nature occurred in 15 dis-
tricts of the Province.
(c) Other animals.
62. The following diseases occurred among other
animals :—
Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth Disease, Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia, Surra, Black Quarter, Trypanoso-
miasis, Rabies, Fowl Cholera, Rani Khet
Disease and Sheep Scab.
28
3.—PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Anti-Rinderpest Inocula-
tion.
63. Anti-rinderpest inoculations were performed in
493 outbreaks and 88,240 cattle were
inoculated, against 382 outbreaks and
92,856 inoculations in the previous year.
Four hundred and twelve animals died after inoculation.
These were probably in the incubative stage of the disease at
the time of inoculations.
Inoculation against Hæ-
morrhagic Septicæmia.
64. Preventive serum inoculations against Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia were performed in 413
outbreaks and 81,047 animals were
inoculated as compared with 548 out-
breaks and 130,997 animals during the preceding year.
Preventive vaccinations
against Hæmorrhagic Sep-
cæmia.
65. Vaccinations against Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
were performed on 182,515 animals in
892 villages of 27 districts against
205,210 animals in 1,200 villages of
28 districts during the previous year. The highest number of
vaccinations was carried out in the Mianwali District. The
volume of work performed by the employment of sera and
vaccine by the Department's staff is very considerable.
Vaccinations against
Black Quarter.
66. Vaccinations were performed on 23,629 animals
in 119 villages of 14 districts against
21,420 animals in 151 villages of 11 dis-
tricts during the previous year.
Inoculation
against
Anthrax
67. No inoculation was performed during the year
under report as all the affected animals
died before inoculation could take
place.
4.—CASTRATION.
68. Two lakhs, four thousand, six hundred and sixteen
castrations were performed on tour as compared with 187,605
during the previous year. Two lakhs, thirty-one thousand,
nine hundred and forty-five castrations were performed in
the veterinary hospitals against 202,817 in the previous year.
This steady progress is due to the fact that the district veteri-
nary staff realise their responsibility in carrying out castration
work in their respective ilaqas. The Department is doing
most valuable service for the Province by means of its large
scale castration work which forms a regular feature of its
progress in cattle breeding.
CHAPTER III.-Veterinary Education.
1.—PUNJAB VETERINARY COLLEGE, LAHORE.
Charge.
69. On reversion from the Imperial Institute of Veteri-
nary Research, Muktesar (United Pro-
vinces) where he was deputed to offi-
ciate as Director of the Institute, Mr. W. Taylor, I.V.S., re-
verted to his substantive appointment as Principal, Punjab
Veterinary College, Lahore, on the afternoon of 9th April
1931 and proceeded on leave ex-India from the same hour
and date. Captain U. W. F. Walker, M.C., I.V.S., was
appointed to officiate during his absence. Mr. W. Taylor
returned from leave on the forenoon of 17th October 1931
and held charge of his appointment up to the end of the year.
Students.
70. Out of 38 candidates for admission 20 were admitted
in September 1931 of whom four were
nominated by the North-West Frontier
Province.
The academic qualifications held by the admitted candi-
dates are :—
F. Sc. (Medical) ..
..
..
..
F. Sc. (Non-medical) .. .. ..
F. A. .. .. .. ..
Total ..
2
9
9
20
Of the above number 10 are agriculturists. At the close
of the year under report the number of students on the rolls
was 148 including one in the Refresher Course.
Examinations.
71. The annual examinations took place in June 1931
and the supplementary examinations,
for those failing in one subject only,
were held in September 1981 with the following results :—
Year.
1st .. ..
2nd .. ..
3rd .. ..
4th
.. ..
Number
examined.
27
42
52
40
Number
passed in
June 1931.
15
28
33
26
Number
passed in Sep-
tember 1931.
7
10
12
6
24
25
Hospital.
72. The attendance in the various wards of the hospital
was :—
Ward.
General ward ..
Dog ward ..
Contagious ward ..
In-patients.
1,234
375
392
Against
last
year.
1,671
372
326
Out-patients.
5,939
548
702
Against
last
year.
4,397
490
155
The falling off in the number of in-patients in the General
ward is accounted for by the fact that during the last hot
weather cruelty cases, normally brought to the hospital by
the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
authorities, were taken to the City Magistrate, who released
them after levying fines on their owners. They were not
sent to Hospital for free treatment. This practice continues
to persist, and cases of cruelty are now admitted for treat-
ment only when the case is either an appalling one or
necessitating destruction.
Average daily attendance was 139.04 against 152.14
last year.
Forty-seven animals underwent anti-rabic treatment
during the year.
One hundred and fifty-three skiagrams were taken during
the year by the Radiologist.
Ninety-nine gallons of Electrolytic chlorine were prepared.
Income and expenditure.
73. The total income and expenditure of the College
as given in Table I were Rs. 31,190 and
Rs. 1,71,444. respectively,
against
Rs. 33,180 and Rs. 1,88,525 in the previous year.
Employment.
74. None of the candidates who passed from the College
are known to be unemployed.
General remarks.
75. The health and behaviour of the students have
remained satisfactory throughout the
year, as usual.
2.—SHORT COURSES.
Training of Syces.
76. Two sessions were held at the Government Cattle
Farm, Hissar. Eighteen syces from
different district boards in the Province
were trained and granted certificates.
26
Training in Surra treat-
ment.
77. As a measure of economy, no member of the sub-
ordinate veterinary staff nor any student
of the final class of the Punjab Veteri-
nary College was sent to Sheikhupura
(Surra Training Centre) for training at Government expense.
Dressers' Class.
78. Ten candidates attended the Dressers' Class and
passed successfully during the year.
Farriers' Class.
79. Twenty-seven candidates joined the Farriers' Class
during the year. Twenty candidates
passed the examination.
3.—VETERINARY RESEARCH AT THE PUNJAB VETERINARY
COLLEGE, LAHORE.
Hygiene Section.
80. A large amount of useful data concerning the
conditions obtaining in the slaughter-
houses of the Punjab has been collected.
This information is now being consolidated.
This section analysed the College made Electrolytic
chlorine, and Chlorogen as manufactured commercially
by certain firms. It was found that the College made
products contain about four times as much available chlorine
as the commercial product, and is produced at a very low
cost.
Pathological Section.
81. In addition to teaching and demonstrations to the
students the undernoted work was done
in the Pathological Laboratory during
the year :—
Post-mortem examinations .. .. ..
Pathological specimens examined .. ..
Samples of milk examined, in Hygiene Section for
public .. .. .. ..
Parasitological specimens of blood, fæces, and skin
scrapings, etc., examined .. ..
132
231
27
428
No work of a special or original nature in the Pathology
Section of the College could be performed, as all the larger
experimental animals were disposed of, on account of lack
of funds to feed them.
Parasitology Section.
82. Surra cases were treated experimentally with a
single dose of "Naganol." The re-
sults have been encouraging, but only a
comparatively small number of animals have been so treated.
27
As recommended in some countries the Mercuric Chloride
test for the diagnosis of Surra in camels was carried out.
The results have not been found entirely reliable.
Anatomy Section.
83. Forty museum specimens and 30 dissected speci-
mens were prepared in this section during
the year.
A skeleton of a horse for the students was scientifically
articulated and a skeleton of a camel is similarly under pre-
paration.
The work of the measurement of bones of Indian bred
ponies and bullocks has also been taken in hand, and up to
the present about two dozen skeletons of these animals have
been measured, and the average length, width and weight of
bones has been arrived at. No definite conclusions can yet be
drawn until a considerably larger number of skeletons have
been measured and weighed.
Examination of Pathologi-
cal specimens at Superinten-
dents' headquarters.
84. Three hundred and one specimens received from
the
subordinate
veterinary
staff
were examined in the laboratories at
the headquarters of Circle Superinten-
dents at Ferozepore, Rawalpindi and Ambala.
Medicine Section.
85. In addition to teaching the subject of medicine
the following work has been under-
taken :—
(i) Urine analysis.—This subject is taught in practi-
cal classes, and is regarded as an important
aid to diagnosis. It also provides a field for
experimental work.
(ii) An enquiry is being made regarding the incidence
of Deg Disease in buffaloes in the Sheikhupura
District, a report on which is under preparation.
Useful research work on modern scientific lines is being
carried out on indigenous drugs. The results obtained are
so far very encouraging. A detailed report is being com-
piled.
86. Owing to the abolition of the post of Veterinary
Research Officer no whole-time officer could be deputed to
carry out original research work in the Province.
4. DEMONSTRATION AND PROPAGANDA WORK.
87. During the year under report lectures on Veterinary
Science, supplemented by practical demonstration in in-
oculations and castrations, were delivered by the Subordinate
28
Veterinary Staff at all the important horse and cattle fairs
in the Province and were very much appreciated by the
public. Hand-bills and leaflets, in the simplest possible
vernacular language, dealing with various contagious
diseases of animals were also distributed.
Demonstrations by means of magic lantern slides, dia-
grams, charts, and pathological specimens, as well as exhibits
of live stock were made, as usual, at all the important horse
and cattle fairs in the Province. These are proving very
valuable for the zamindars, who are now realising the ad-
vantages of keeping good live stock and the economic losses
resulting from the maintenance of inferior stock.
Literary work done by the
staff of the Department.
88. (a) Mr. Aggarwala of the Punjab Veterinary College
brought out his book on "Feeding and
Milking of Cows."
(b) He wrote the following articles :—
(1) "Pashaon ke kuchh chune chune rog aur unke
chikitsa" (some common ailments of cattle and
their treatment) in Hindi.
(2) "Bacteria, or Jarasim" translated into Urdu,
from an article in English in the June 1930 issue
of the "Milk Industry."
(c) He sent the following 8 articles in Urdu to the Direc-
tor, Information Bureau, Punjab, for publication in the papers
on his mailing list :—
(i) Hindustan men mowaishion ki ahmiyyat (the
importance of cattle in India).
(ii) Punjab men mowaishion ki mashhur naslen (im-
portant breeds of cattle in the Punjab).
(in) Nasal kashi mowaishian (Cattle-breeding).
(iv) Dudh dohna (milking).
(v) Mowaishion ke kharidne ke mutabiq chand mufid
hidayát (A few useful hints on the purchase
of cattle).
(vi) Mowaishiyon ke sath hamdardi aur rahmdili
(Kindness to animals) in collaboration with
Mr. R. L. Kaura, L.V.P.
(vii) Mowaishiyon ki chand chida chida bimaryan,
aur unka ilaj (some common ailments of
cattle and their treatment).
29
(viii) Kutton ki khúrák (feeding of dogs).
Out of the above only five articles were published in
different papers of the Province.
(d) He has been able to obtain an old Sanskrit manuscript
of a veterinary book entitled "Ashrchikitsa" which he is
translating into English.
In addition to the above, several articles containing useful
information on cattle diseases were contributed to the Punjab
Veterinary Journal by different members of the Department,
as a result of closer co-operation with the tutorial staff of
the Punjab Veterinary College.
The Veterinary Journal, as a. professional reference for the
benefit of the staff, shows a marked improvement.
CHAPTER IV—Establishment.
A.—GAZETTED OFFICERS.
89. The following statement shows the strength of the
gazetted officers (excluding the Director) employed in the
Department during the year 1931-32 :—
Sphere of jurisdiction.
Lahore and Jullundur Divi-
sions, Ferozepore.
Ambala Division, Ambala ..
Rawalpindi and Multan Divi-
sions, Rawalpindi.
Live Stock Section, Lahore ..
Government Cattle Farm, His-
sar.
Officers under training
Punjab Veterinary College,
Lahore.
Total ..
Superinten-
dent.
1
1
1
1
(Live Stock
Officer).
1
2
4
(Principal,
and three
officers in
the superior
service).
11
Assistant
Superinten-
dent.
..
..
1
..
2
..
..
3
Deputy
Superinten-
dent.
3
4
4
1
2
..
*7
21
Total.
4
5
6
2
5
2
11
35
*Professors, Assistants to Professors, and Hospital Surgeon, holding the grade of
Deputy Superintendents.
As a measure of economy and in view of the recom-
mendations made by the Provincial Retrenchment Committee,
the entire live stock section has been held in abeyance in-
definitely with effect from 1st May 1932. In addition to this,
the following posts have been abolished from the dates
specified against each :—
1. Research Officer .. ..
2. Superintendent, Nili Bar Farms ..
3. Deputy Superintendent, Nili Bar
Farms
..
..
..
28-9-1931, forenoon.
5-7-1932, forenoon.
2-5-1930, forenoon.
Note.—Number 3 was lying unfilled from the date noted, but was definitely removed
from the cadre of the Department during the year 1932-33.
30
31
B.—NON-GAZETTED OFFICERS.
90. Owing to financial stringency no addition was made
to the cadre of the subordinate veterinary staff of the Depart-
ment during the year.
At the close of the year the sanctioned cadre of the sub-
ordinate veterinary staff employed on district work was—
Veterinary Inspectors
..
..
..
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons .. ..
Veterinary Assistants
..
..
..
Total ..
11
66
281
358
The decrease in the number of Veterinary Inspectors was
due to retirements. New recruitment could not be made,
as the posts of Veterinary Inspectors are being eliminated in
accordance with the policy of Government.
During the year under report financial stringency was
also responsible for holding in abeyance the two posts of
Farm Overseers and for the abolition of the posts of 2nd
Bir Darogha and the Head Jamadar at the Government
Cattle Farm, Hissar.
CHAPTER V.—Expenditure of the Department.
Expenditure—Table X.
91. Details of expenditure under different heads are
shown in table X.
During the year under report the total expenditure
amounted to Rs. 19,89,988 as compared with Rs. 20,68,573
in the previous year. Of the total expenditure, a sum of
Rs. 12,64,649 was contributed by Government and Rs. 7,25,339
by local bodies. The figures shewn under "Provincial"
were supplied by the Accountant-General, Punjab, while those
under "local" were obtained from the local bodies con-
cerned.
CHAPTER VI.
1.—PROGRESS MADE BY THE DEPARTMENT IN GIVING EFFECTS
TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION
ON AGRICULTURE DURING THE CALEDAR YEAR 1931.
1.—(a) Sheep-breeding.
92. The work has been making steady progress. Eighty-
eight cross bred merino rams and fifty-two ewes were issued at
concession rates from the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, to
selected breeders in the hilly district of Kangra, as against 120
cross bred merino rams and 20 ewes last year. Government
has extended the scope of this concession to breeders of the
above district for a further period of three years with effect
from 1st April 1931.
From the flock of Bikaner desert sheep maintained a
the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, 30 rams were issued to
those districts for which they are suited with a view to im-
proving the local indigenous breed. Useful work is being
done in this direction.
(b) Goat-breeding.
93. The flock of indigenous goats, which was commenced
on the Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, in 1928, is giving
satisfactory results. Thirty-five male goats of this milk
strain were issued from the Hissar Farm to different districts
of the Province in order to improve the milking qualities,
as well as the size of the local goats. The results will be
watched with interest.
2.—PROGRESS MADE IN ESTABLISHMENT PURE AND IMPROVED
TYPES OF GOOD CATTLE AND BUFFALOES WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO THE POLICY OF PRODUCING
"DUAL PURPOSE CATTLE."
94. The financial resources of district boards have
suffered to such an extent that it is becoming more difficult
to find a ready sale for the large output of stud bulls from the
Hissar Farm.
Notwithstanding the present depression in agriculture,
a considerable number of pure Hissar bred bulls were sup-
plied during 1930-31 to districts from the Government Cattle
Farm, Hissar. On March 31st 1931 there were 3,517 ap-
proved bulls working in the districts under the supervision
of the Department.
33
D
34
Special effort is being made to foster the dual purpose
type of cattle by supplying as large a number as possible of
pedigree bulls, from the Government breeding farms, to various
districts in the Province, also by the castration of unsuitable
bulls on a large scale in the villages.
Special live stock schemes subsidised by Government
are in operation in certain areas, most suited to cattle breed-
ing, including the Hariana and Dhanni Cattle tracts.
3.—IMPROVEMENT OF THE URBAN MILK AND GHEE S
95. Efforts are in progress to foster pure and improved
types of buffaloes in the canal-irrigated districts by the dis-
tribution of selected buffalo bulls in the villages.
A scheme is also in operation for providing selected buffalo
bulls for service in municipal areas where large numbers of
buffaloes are kept for milking purposes by private owners.
4.—LIVE STOCK SHOWS AND FAIRS.
96. One hundred and twenty-four cattle fairs were
held during the year as against 129 last year. Special de-
partmental exhibits of live stock were arranged on the fair
grounds in as attractive and instructive a manner as possible.
The award of prizes, at small village shows, which is a regular
feature of our live stock propaganda, is giving very encourag-
ing results in the breeding areas.
5.—CASTRATIONS.
97. Castration of useless animals was carried out zeal-
ously in every part of the Province.
6.—CONTROL OF LIVE STOCK IMPROVEMENT.
98. The action taken on this recommendation has
already been mentioned in the report of the last year.
7.—DISEASES OF LIVE STOCK AND THEIR CONTROL.
Adoption of serum simultaneous method of
inoculation against rinderpest.
99. No large scale application of this method of in-
oculation could be undertaken owing to financial stringency.
8.—INCREASED PROVISION OF VETERINARY HOSPITALS
AND DISPENSARIES.
100. There was a net-work of 270 Veterinary Hospitals
in the Punjab last year. Seventeen new Veterinary Hospitals
were added during the year 1930-31, making a total of 287.
The number is being increased each year as district board
35
funds permit. A closer net-work of veterinary hospitals
is gradually being secured which is increasing the efficiency
of the Department for dealing with live stock work and
veterinary aid.
2.—GENERAL REMARKS.
101. (i) The Provincial Retrenchment Committee which
was appointed by the Local Government during the year
under report, having reviewed the work of this and other
departments recorded its opinion that "they had no criticism
to make on the way in which the Veterinary Department
deals with its district work."
(ii) The Department is working in close touch with the
people, and veterinary operations have achieved a measure
of success which is very commendable. It is hoped that with
the further confidence of the zamindars of the Province, the
Department will be in a position to find necessary funds for
making its work still more effective in future.
(iii) In recognition of his long record of useful service,
rendered to the Department, Government was pleased to
confer upon Khawaja Ghulam Hasan, Deputy Superintendent,
Lahore, the title of "Khan Sahib" in June 1931.
(iv) On the recommendations of the officers of this De-
partment various persons were granted Deputy Commis-
sioners' sanads for rendering help to the Department in its
multifarious activities.
(v) Owing to financial stringency the touring work of the
members of the Subordinate Veterinary Staff as well as officers
had to be restricted. It is, however fortunate that the work
of the Department was not affected so adversely as might
have been expected under the circumstances.
(vi) As it is becoming increasingly difficult to absorb
all the diplomates of the Punjab Veterinary College into the
Department, attempts to find additional spheres of activity for
them are being made. The question of absorbing them as
Hackney Carriage Inspectors and Cruelty Inspectors under
local bodies, and societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals, respectively, is receiving attention.
(vii) It may be noted that an all round increase has been
effected in the work of the Department on account of con-
siderable expansion which has taken place in recent years.
The appointment of the Provincial Retrenchment Committee
by the Local Government during the year under report is
D2
36
responsible for further increase in the clerical work of the
headquarters' office at Lahore. It is gratifying to note that
the members of the office establishment have responded
satisfactorily to the call of duty under the able supervision
of the Office Superintendent, Lala Ram Rattan, whose name is
specially brought to the notice of Government for good
work.
The present clerical staff of the Department as a whole
is very small as compared with other departments of the
Government. Proposals in this connection would have been
laid before Government, but, in view of the acute financial
difficulties, their submission has been purposely deferred for
the present. The want of increase in the clerical staff is keenly
felt in order to enable the officers of the Department to de-
vote more time to their touring duty and professional study.
(viii) The Director wishes to record here his appreciation
of the assistance received from all officers and staff of the
Department who have served well during the year. The names
of the following District Deputy Superintendents deserve
special mention of their good work :—
(1) Khan Sahib Khawaja Ghulam Hasan, Lahore Divi-
sion.
(2) Chaudhri Kahan Singh, Lahore Division.
(3) M. Muhammad Abdullah, Jullundur Division.
(4) Chaudhri Baldeo Singh, Ambala Division.
He also takes this opportunity of thanking district
officers, who, in spite of their many duties, have shown interest
in making the veterinary organisation of their districts
effective, and productive of good results to the stock
breeding industry of the Province.
W. TAYLOR,
Offg. Director, Veterinary Services, Punjab.