2
5. On the east, at about the distance of 12 or 15 miles, is the Mahadeo range
of hills, among which Dhávadsi, sacred to Bhárgaw Rama, and the hill forts
of Chandan, Wandan, and Nandgiri stand out conspicuously; whilst the huge
hill of Jaranda, sacred to Hanuman, is seen raising his vast crest about 6
miles to the east of the town.
6. The rock of which the hills in the vicinity is composed consists of trap,
capped in some places, as at Yawateshwar, with laterite; but in the town itself the
soil varies in depth from 2 or 3 feet to perhaps 15 or 20, and consists of a soft,
spongy, easily friable moorum overlying the hard trap-rock.
7. The town is, as I have stated, situated on a slope, and I am indebted to
the kindness of Major Lee, R.E., the Executive Engineer at Satara, for the
accompanying tracing, showing the levels in it, by which it will be seen how excel
- l e n t t h e n a t u r a l f a c i l i t i e s f o r d r a i n a g e a r e , a n d h o w s t e e p t h e g r a d i e n t b e t w e e n t h e
upper and lower portions of the town is. The slope is generally from south-west to
north-east, and the storm-water is carried off from the west by a large nullah called
the Krineshwar, which arises in the hills beyond the Mahárdara springs in the
curve formed by the Yawateshwar range; whilst that from the steep precipitous
sides on the south of the fort is conveyed by six nullahs which flow through the
town and, like the Krineshwar, eventually discharge themselves into the Vena
River; all these nullahs dry up after the rainy season is over.
8. The following statement, for which I am indebted to the kindness of
Dr. Colson, the Civil Surgeon, shows the rain-fall as registered at the Civil Hos
- p i t a l d u r i n g 2 2 y e a r s e n d i n g 1 8 7 5 : —
1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865.
1 8 6 6 .
1 8 6 7 .
1 8 6 8 . 1869.
1 8 7 0 . 1871.
1 8 7 2 .
1 8 7 3 .
1 8 7 4 .
1875.
I n c h e s . C e n t s . I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s . I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s . I n c h e s . C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s . I n c h e s . C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s . I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s . I n c h e s . C e n t s .
I n c h e s . C e n t s . I n c h e s . C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s .
I n c h e s .
C e n t s . I nches .
C e n t s .
January . . .
. . .. . . . . .
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 3 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 8 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . .
February . . .
. . .. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0
. . .
. . .
March . . .
. . .. . . . . . 2 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 . . .
2 5 ½ . . .
. . . . . .
. . .. . . . . . 1 7 . . . 1 . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
April . . .
. . . . . . 1 54 . . . 36 . . . 27 1 13 1 49 . . .92 . . . 62 . . .10 2 11 . . .66 5 25 . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . 33 . . . 81 . . . 72 . . . 36 . . . 40
May . . .
1 19 . . . 6 4 83 5 12 4 34 2 39 1 8 2 95 . . . 1 . . . 11 . . . 46 4 72 . . . . . . . . . 61 1 49 1 22 . . . 36 1 59 . . . 25 1 52 3 32 3 39
June . . .
2 23 5 18 2 89 6 58 4 25 6 33 13 63 2 13 5 45 17 8 5 3 29 1 85 10 72 8 60 15 40 6 96 7 93 7 89 8 39 5 44 11 71 6 46
July . . .
16 32 14 5 18 7 4 38 10 6 18
7 8 ½ 1 2 72
2 1
. . . 9 8 6 10 6215 88 8 34 7 5 6
61 8 15 14 19 23 65 10 43 15 31 23 13 10 38 20 21
August . . .
7 29 1 14 5 11 20 78 5 15 3 26½ 5 47 19 86 7 57 11 60 7 85 12 26 7 49 9 12 11 8 5 62 6 92 7 67 3 9 3 73 4 65 7 20
September . . .
5 3 4 2 3 33 1 19 . . . 88 5 98 2 99 3 21 5 99 1 42 2 21 . . .
22 . . . 51 1 42 3 88 4 67 6 44 . . . 76 6 63 5 24 12 99 1 7 1 7
October . . .
10 64 6 30 . . . 62 7 12 6 82 2 43 6 31 3 77 4 46 3 72 . . . 7 5 70 4 81 9 55 . . . 95 . . . 35 8 2 2 86 1 . . . 3 14 2 95 2 15
November . . .
2 34 . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . 44 1 27 . . . 7 . . . 6 . . .. . . . . . 64 . . . . . . 5 57 . . . 87 . . . 12 3 51 . . . . . . 3 5 . . . . . . 1 35 . . . . . . 1 54 . . . 16 . . . 30
December . . .
. . . . . . . . . 5 1 . . . 4 2 . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
5 . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 1 3 8
. . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 8 . . . 2 . . . 5 3 . . . 4 2
Total . . . 54 4 33 4 3 5 70
4 7 2 2 34 8 4 1
4½ 43 18 53 54 3 4 4 1 48 50 35 90 40 . . . 3 0
90 3 9 66 40 95 3 7 44 54 49 40 9 0 40 86 44 48 47 85 58 8
The average rain-fall is therefore 41 inches and 49 cents. During the above
period the maximum rain-fall took place in 1875, when 58.8 inches were registered;
and the minimum in 1866, when only 30.70 inches fell. The average monthly
fall is as follows:—