NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
10
The two guinea pigs hating been killed on the sixth day after the inoculation.
had shown, as is only natural, no symptoms of rabies. It is, therefore, possible that
they would not have succumbed to rabies if they had been allowed to live longer and
that the absence of infective matter in the nodules was due to the inherent protective
power of their tissues which had destroyed the virus.
This possibility is excluded in the case of the rabbit which actually died of rabies,
and the fact lends support to the view that it is the virus which is rapidly dissemi-
nated throughout the body, until some of it finds a suitable location in the central
nervous system, which is the real starting point of the disease.
The peculiar assemblage of eosinophile cells at the point of inoculation is
noteworthy.
6.—To ascertain the difference in infectivity of the brain and lumbar cord of
subdurally inoculated rabbits (Laboratory fixed virus), (a) which have pre-
sented the normal incubation period of 6 to 7 days and (b) which have
had a prolonged incubation period.
Rabbit,
Date of
inoculation,
Material used.
Dilution used.
Position
of inoculation,
Incubation
period.
S e r i es 1
1 107
.. 1st Juno 1908.
1 1 in
5
Subdural.
5 days.
183
..
Whole brain of fixed virus rah-
bit 134. Passage 236. Incu-
bation 6 days. Died 10th
day.
1 in
500
8 „
104
..
1
1 in 5,000
7
„
1 in 50,000
,,
Survived.
6
..
„
184
.. 1st June 1908.
Whole lumbar cord of same
rabbit.
1 1 in
200
Subdural.
6 days.
30
..
I I
„
1 in 1,000
,,
Survived.
1. 69
..
„
J
l 1 in 5,000
„
9 days.
S e r i e s 2 .
38
.. let June 1908.
1 1 in
5
Subdural.
7 days.
35
..
Whole brain of fixed virus rab-
bit 100. Passage 236. Incu-
bation 6 days. Died 10t
day.
1 in
500
77
7
' 1 in 5, 00000
8
74
1 in 50,000
Survived.
91
..
47
.. 1st June 1908. 1
1 in
200
Subdural.
7 days
128
•
"
Whole lumbar cord of same
rabbit.
1 in 1,000
7
1 2 5
„
1 in 5,000
„
Survived.
S e r i e s 3 .
1 182
.. 1st June 1908.
Whole brain of fixed virus rab-
bit 81 which had been sub-
durally inoculated with 1 in
5,000 fixed virus lumbar cord.
Incubation 21 days. Died
24th day.
1 in
5
Subdural
7 days.
85
..
1 in
500
,,
7
9 2
1 in 5,000
17
7
1 in 50,000
Survived.
98
..
119
.. 1st June 1908. 1
Whole lumbar cord of same
rabbit.
1 1 in
200
Subdural.
6 days.
108
..
„
1 in 1,000
„
7
1 7 2
..
7
I in 5,000
Survived.
The quantity of the emulsion inoculated was in each case 0 . 2 cc. as nearly as possible.
It appears from these three series that there is no difference in the relati ve
infectivity of the lumbar cord and the brain whether the incubation period of the
rabbit has been 6 or 21 days, that an emulsion of the whole brain has a higher
degree of infectivity than an emulsion of the whole lumbar cord (vide pages 10 to 12,
Bulletin 1, 1908), and finally that there need be no hesitation in using material for
patients from a rabbit which has developed rabies only after a prolonged incubation
period, since the brain and lumbar cord of such an animal show precisely the same
degree of infectivity as the brain and lumbar cord derived from a rabbit which has
developed rabies after the usual incubation period of 6 to 7 days.
11
SECTION III.—HAEMOLYTIC DATA.
1.—To ascertain whether lysins and agglutinins are formed as a result of
subcutaneous injections of serum free from erythrocytes.
Two goats were selected and were injected. at intervals, one H with fresh sheep
serum, the other G with sheep serum heated to 55ºC for 30 minutes. The serum of
neither goat either dissolved. or agglutinated sheep erythrocytes before treatment.
GOAT G.
.
Heated sheep serum
...
. . . . ..
15 cc. on 9th April 1909.
... 18 cc. „ 14th
... 25 cc. „ 23rd
... 30 cc. „ 4th May
GOAT H.
Fresh sheep serum
15 cc. on 9th April 1909.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
18 cc. „ 14th
25 cc. „ 23rd
30 cc. „ 4th May
On 14th May 1909 the goats were bled and their serums tested. with the follow-
ing results :-
GOAT G SERUM.
100% concentration, or 39 parts to 1 part of sheep erythrocytes, gave "nearly
complete" lysis. Slight agglutination.
GOAT H SERUM.
12 % concentration or 5 parts of serum to one part sheep erythrocytes gave
"complete" lysis. Slight agglutination.
Assuming that the two goats re-acted in an equal degree to the injections, which
is impossible of proof, it is evident that the injection of fresh serum procures the
formation of a specific lysin over 7 times more powerful than the lysin obtained. by
the injection of heated. serum.
Both heated and unheated serums cause the production of small quantities of
erythrocyte agglutinin.
N.B.—The serum injected was not centrifugated before use and so a few erythrocytes probably
remained in suspension though the liquid was clear to the eye. In any case, if the
formation of the anti-sheep lysin was due to these cells and not entirely to the serum
it was obtained by the injection of a remarkably small number of them.
2.—Some points on the relation of quinine salts and arsenic to hæmolysis.
(1) Quinine sulphate 0 . 1 per cent. dissolved. in NaCl 0 . 85 per cent. does not
dissolve sheep erythrocytes.
The specific serum of goat B, 0 . 05cc. of which dissolved 0 . 05 cc. sheep erythro-
cytes completely and. 0 . 01cc. of which gave no lysis with the same quantity of
erythrocytes, was neither assisted nor prevented in its action by the presence of 0 . 1 per
cent. quinine sulphate or quinine hydrochloride in the mixture.
13
Goat B had two more kids on 5th January 1909. The serum of one of these
kids was tested. against 0 . 05 cc. sheep erythrocytes at intervals with the following
results :—
Kid 7 days old 7 . 5 per cent. serum
. . .
. . .
. . .
complete lysis.
35
7.5
63
12.0
91
32.0
126
82.0
147
100.0
slight
182
100.0
no
The serum of this kid, born on 5th January 1909, Contained more lysin than that
of the first, born on 10th July 1908, probably because goat B had received several
more injections of sheep erythrocytes in the interval, but it all disappeared within
approximately the same period.
To ascertain whether the lysin is conveyed by the mother's milk or by the
'placental blood experiments were made with another goat, goat A.
Goat A had two kids on 10th July 1908. The serum neither of goat A nor of
her two kids lysed sheep erythrocytes.
Goat A then received. injections of sheep erythrocytes.
On 26th July 1908, 8 per cent. of goat A's serum lysed 0 . 05 cc. sheep erythro-
cytes completely. While her serum contained lysin for sheep erythrocytes she was
suckling her kids, but no lysis could be obtained with the serum of either kid ; so it
appears that a specific lysin is conveyed to offspring by placental blood and not by milk.
4,—To find if there is much variation from day to day in the resistance of
the erythrocytes of a healthy animal to lysis by hypotonic solutions of
sodium chloride,
The erythrocytes of a normal goat were tested daily for 14 days.
Method. —The blood was received into a solution containing 1 per cent. sodium citrate
and 85 per cent. sodium chloride, centrifugated and washed twice in . 85 per cent. salt.
A series of test tubes was prepared containing gradated. percentages of salt,
2 . 5 cc. in each, the difference between any two adjacent tubes being equivalent to
017 per cent. NaCI. Into each tube was inserted by a calibrated pipette 05 co. of the
washed. erythrocytes which were well distributed by immediate shaking. The tubes
were afterwards shaken up at intervals, left at room temperature for an hour and then
kept in the ice chest till next morning, when the degree of the lysis was judged.
Percentage of NaC1 showing " trace " lysis—
. .
.
Mean of the 14 days
753 per cent.
Highest point above mean
029
Lowest point below mean
039
Variation in " trace " lysis
068 per cent. NaOl.
Percentage of NaCl showing complete "Iysis—
Mean of the 14 days
598 per cent.
Highest point above mean
'031
Lowest point below mean
059
Variation in " complete " lysis
'085 per cent. NaOl.
Range between means of trace and complete lysis
155 percent. NaC1.
It appears therefore that the daily variations of the resistance of the erythrocytes
of a healthy animal to lysis by h ypotonic salt solution are very small.
4
PercentPercentage of Na Cl.
CHART. 1 .
To face page 14
"Trace" lysis
Chlorides
"Complete" lysis
July 1908 August
Reg. No. 740
Copies
200
S. 0.
1910
CHART 2
To face page 15
January
February
March
April
S. O.
1910
'Reg. No. 741
Copies 200
16
7.—On the influence of sodium citrate on hæmolysis.
To ascertain whether plasma contains a greater amount of normal hæmolysin
than serum allowed to separate from blood drawn at the same time, the blood of a new
goat was tested against rabbit erythrocytes. Four series of tubes were put up with
a result such as shown in table 1 :—
TABLE 1.
Contents of each tube.
Defibrinated
goat blood.
Citrated goat blood
(citrate 1 per cent.)
Goat serum
24 hours old.
Goat serum
48 hours old.
* Serum
..
.. 1.95 cc.
85 per cent. salt
.00 co.
Rabbit R.B.Cs. ..
.05 co.
Complete
(1 per cent. NaCI).
Nearly complete
(1.6 per cent.
NaCI).
Complete.
Complete.
Serum
..
..
65 cc.
Salt
..
.. 1.30 cc.
R.B.Cs. ..
..
.05 cc.
Complete.
Nearly complete
(1.5 per cent.
NaCI).
Complete.
Complete.
Serum
..
..
45 cc.
Salt
..
.. 1.50 cc.
R.B.Cs. ..
..
.05 cc.
Complete.
Partial
(1.0 per cent.
NaCl).
Complete.
Nearly complete.
Serum
..
..
.35 cc.
Salt
..
.. 1.60 cc.
R.B.Cs. ..
..
.05 cc.
Complete
(0.85 per cent.
NaCI).
Slight
(0.97 per cent.
NaCI).
Nearly complete.
Partial.
Serum
.25 cc.
Salt
..
.. 1.70 cc.
R.B.Cs. ..
..
.05 cc.
Nearly complete.
Trace.
Partial.
Partial.
Serum
..
..
.2 cc.
Salt
..
.. 1.75 cc.
R.B.Cs. ..
..
.05 cc.
Partial.
Trace.
Partial.
Slight.
Serum
..
..
.15 cc.
Salt
..
.. 1.80 cc.
R.B.Cs. ..
..
.05 cc.
Slight.
Trace.
Slight.
Slight.
Serum
..
..
.1 co.
Salt
..
.. 1 . 85 cc.
R.B.Cs. ..
..
.05 cc.
Trace.
Nil.
Trace.
Trace.
Serum
..
..
.05 cc.
Sait
..
..
1.9 cc.
R.B.Cs. ..
..
.05 co.
Nil.
Nil.
N i l .
Nil.
Salt
..
.. 1.95 cc.
R . B . C s .
. .
. .
. . . . . . . 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
c c .
Nil .
. .
.
.
.
'
NOTE.— "Serum" stands for centrifugated defibrinated blood, centrifugated citrated blood or serum as the case may be.
The figures in brackets indicate the tonicity of the contents of the tubes in terms of NaCI.
This experiment showed that the following quantities were equivalent in their
power of completely dissolving 0 . 05 cc. washed rabbit R.B.Cs.
Defibrinated goat blood (fresh)
0 . 35 cc.
Goat serum, 24 hours old
0 . 45 cc.
D o. 48 do.
0 . 65 cc.
But even 1 . 95 cc. goat blood to which 1 per cent. sodium citrate had been added
failed to dissolve completely 0 . 05 cc. Rabbit R.B.Cs. This action of the citrate in
hindering lysis was often confirmed in using other serums and R.B.Cs. as illustrated.
below :—
19
Citrated blood also has a well marked agglutinating action on erythrocytes which
is not found with the defibrinated blood.
The next step was to analyse citrated blood as to the activity of its lytic
components.
(a) Amboceptor — It cannot be taken for granted that lytic fluids obtained by
such different methods as defibrination, clotting and citration contain equal quantities
of amboceptor. In the experiments undertaken we used as a primary liquor the fluids
obtained after centrifugating bloods containing varying proportions of sodium citrate,
and as diluting fluids sodium citrate of similar concentrations and sodium chloride
solutions isotonic with the citrate solutions.
Sensitizing mixtures were prepared as follows :—
1 per cent. citrated sheep's blood
A.
5 cc. plasma plus 5 cc. of 1 per cent. sodium
citrate in 0.85 per cent. NaC
l
B.
5 cc. plasma plus 5 cc. of 0.4 per cent. sodium
chloride in 0.85 per cent. NaCI.
2. 3 per cent. citrated sheep's blood
C.
5.85 cc. plasma plus 4.15 cc. of 2.3 per cent.
sodium citrate in 0.85 per cent. sodium
chloride.
D.
5.85 cc. plasma plus 4.15 cc. of 0.93 per
.cent.
sodium chloride in 0.85 per cent. ,NaCl.
The final solutions A, B, C and D contained equal quantities of amboceptor.
0 . 5 cc. of hen erythrocytes were sensitized in 10 cc. of each of these mixture
for 30 minutes at 37°C and then washed so that no citrate was present in the tubes
put up which could influence the action of the complement. Each tube contained 0.05
cc. of sensitized erythrocytes and the total volume was made up to 2 cc. with 0 . 85 per
cent. NaCl. Fresh sheep serum was used as complement.
TABLE.
Complement.
A.
B.
C.
D . E (unsensitized hen
erythrocytes).
1.0 cc.
Complete.
Complete.
Complete.
Complete.
Complete.
0.75 cc.
0.5 cc.
Partial.
0.25 cc.
Partial.
Partial.
Nearly complete. Nearly complete.
Trace.
0.125 cc.
Trace.
Trace.
Trace.
Nil.
0.05 cc.
INil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
0.0 cc.
,
It appears then that the sensitization of hen erythrocytes is not interfered with
by the presence of sodium citrate in concentrations of 1 per cent. or 2 . 3 per cent., and
that it occurs to an equal extent whether the citrate solution be supplemented. by
similar citrate solution or by sodium chloride solution of equivalent tonicity.
A similar experiment was performed. using the amboceptor from a goat which was
highly immunised against sheep erythrocytes.
1. per cent. citrated goat's blood
A. 1 cc. plasma plus 4 cc. of 1 per cent. sodium
citrate in 0.85 . p e r c e n t N a C l .
B. 1 cc. plasma plus 4 cc. of 0.4 per cent.
sodium chloride in 0.85 per cent. NaCI.
2. 46 per cent.
C. 1.08 cc. plasma plus 3.92 cc. of 2.5 per cent.
sodium citrate in 0.85 per cent. NaCl.
D. 1.08 cc. plasma plus 3.92 per cent. of 1 per
cent.of
1 per cen. sodium chloride in 0.85 per cent.
NaCl.
4 . 8 per cent.
E.
1.25 cc. plasma plus 3.75 cc. of 5 per cent.
sodium citrate in 0.85 per cent. NaCl.
F.
1.25 cc. plasma plus 3.75 cc. of 2 per cent.
sodium chloride in 0.85 per cent. NaCl.
<illegible> X
IP/16/I.5
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF The Harcourt Butler Institute of
Public Health, Rangoon
FOR THE YEAR 1927
Rangoon Superintendent, Government Printing and Stationery, Burma
1928 Price,—Annas 6=7d.]
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF
The Harcourt Butler Institute of
Public Health, Rangoon
FOR THE YEAR 1927
Rangoon
Superintendent, Government Printing and Stationery, Burma
1928
LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
IN BURMA.
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon.
BISWAS & Co., 30, Lewis Street, Rangoon.
BRITISH BURMA PRESS BRANCH, Rangoon.
BURMA Boox CLUB, LTD., Post Box No. 1068, Rangoon.
INTERNATIONAL BUDDHIST BOOK DEPOT, Post Box No. 971, Rangoon.
MODERN PUBLISHING HOUSE, LTD., Rangoon.
NEW L/GHT OF BURMA PRESS, 26 & 26-A, Phayre Street, Rangoon.
RANGOON TIMES PRESS, Rangoon.
MAUNG Lu GALE, Law Book Depot, 42, Ayo-o-gale, Mandalay.
BURMA PUBLISHING Co., 71, Upper Main Road, Moulmein.
IN INDIA.
BOOK Co., LTD., 4/4-A, College Square, Calcutta.
BUTTERWORTH & CO. (India), LTD., Calcutta.
S. K. LAHIRI & CO„ 56, College Street. Calcutta.
W. NEWbIAN & CO., Calcutta.
THACKER SPINE' & CO., Calcutta and Simla.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & CO., Bombay.
THACKER & CO., LTD., Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAM & CO., Madras.
IN EUROPE.
The publications are obtainable either dire& from the Office of the
HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA, 42, Grosvenor Gardens, London,
S.W. 1. or through any bookseller.
RESOLUTION
ON THE
Report on the Working of the Harcourt Butler
Institute of Public Health, Rangoon
For the Year 1927.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma, Department of Public
Health, No. 104S28, dated the 8th May 1928.
READ—
The Report on the Working of the Harcourt Butler Institute of Public
Health, Rangoon, for the year 1927.
RESOLVED THAT—
The Report be published.
By order.
W. H. PAYTON,
Secretary to the Government of Burma
,
• •
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF
The Harcourt Butler Institute of Public Health
For the Year 1927.
This report covers the first full year's working of the Institute.
During the year each of the principal functions of the Institute,—teach
- i n g r o u t i n e p u b l i c h e a l t h l a b o r a t o r y w o r k , a n d i n v e s t i g a t i o n , — h a s b e e n
further developed, and the resources of the Institute have been placed
at the disposal of various voluntary agencies engaged in health
activities.
Staff of the Institute.—Director. —Lieut.-Col. G. G. Jolly
, C.I.E., M.B.,D.P H., D.T.M., I.M.S.
Assistant Director.—Dr. G. Mackey, D.T.M., I.M.D.
Chemist.—U Thein Kin, B.A., F.C.S., A.T.M.
Assistant Malariologist.—Dr. E. S. Feegrade, D.T.M., I.M.
D.
Assistant Bacteriologist.—Dr. V. W. Fenn, L.S.M.F.
Assistant Chemist.—Mr. G. C. Moitra, B.Sc., F.C.S.
In addition to the permanent staff, outside lecturers and demon
- s t r a t o r s c o n d u c t i n g v a r i o u s c o u r s e s o f i n s t r u c t i o n h a v e m a d e u s e o f t h e
Institute.
Teaching.—Five courses of instruction in Public Health were
conducted during the year :—
1. The Rangoon University M.B. Course in Hygiene and Public
Health.
2. The Government of Burma Medical School Course in Public
Health.
3. The Rangoon University Course in School Hygiene for the
Teacher's Diploma.
2
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HARCOURT BUTLER INSTITUTE
4. The Government of Burma Qualifying Course for Public Health
Inspectors.
5. A Course initiated this year by the Local Government for Sub
-Assistant Surgeons of the Public Health Department.
Laboratory Work.—A. Bacteriological Section : —
The following work was done in the laboratories of this section
during the year:—
1. Water examinations (ordinary) . . .
165
2. Water examinations (special) . . .
5
3. Vaccine lymph (cultural) . . .
2 1 8
4. Shaving brushes for Anthrax. . .
31
5. Widal's Tests . . .
6
6. Disinfectants . . .
2
7. Formol-gel tests for Kala Azar . . .
8
8. Food examinations . . .
2
9. Miscellaneous microscopic examinations . . .
11
T o t a l . . .
448
The practical instruction in bacteriology for Sub-Assistant Surgeons
of the Public Health Department was given in the laboratories of this
section.
lnvestigations.—An investigation into the bacteriology of tube-well
waters in Rangoon was begun during the year, 117 samples in all being
examined. The work was discontinued on the advent of the dry
weather as in this season the waters were found to be free from
contamination. It is hoped to continue it during 1928.
A continuous series of Kata-thermometer readings were taken in the
routine bacteriological laboratory throughout the year. As it is believed
that these are the first taken in Burma, they are reproduced at pages
5— 6.
B. Chemical Section : —
The tables below give the work done in this section during
the year:—
Waters
—
Jails
.
.
.
101
Municipalities and District Councils . . .
96
Public Works Department . . .
20
Military . . .
3
Civil Surgeons . . .
12
Other Government Offices . . .
60
Private . . .
37
Total . . .
329
OF PUBLIC HEALTH, RANGOON, FOR THE YEAR 1927.
Food and Miscellaneous.
For whom analysed.
Articles analysed.
No. of
Articles
analysed.
Medical Store Depôt . . .
Quinine Sulphate . . .
1
Paraffin Molle . . .
1
Magnesium Sulphate . . .
1
Bleaching Powder
5
Central-Jail, Rangoon . . .
Cinchona febrifuge tablets
4
Milk . . .
5
District Health Officers . . .
Atta
...
1
Ghee . . .
13
Edible oils. . .
40
Rice . . .
2
Butter. . .
1
Health Officer . . .
Ghee . . .
109
Corporation of Rangoon . . .
Condensed milk
1
General Hospital, Rangoon . . .
Electrolytic Chlorine . . .
4 2
Military Department . . .
Barley . . .
1
Rice . . .
50
Milk . . .
4
Paddy. . .
1
Butter. . .
1
Police Department . . .
Rice. . .
67
Edible oils . . .
25
Ghee . . .
42
Others. . .
Patent medicine
1
Perchloron . . .
1
Beverages . . .
2
Rice Bran . . .
18
Groundnut cake . . .
2
Milk. . .
1
Edible oils. . .
1
Ghee . . .
4
Vegetable ghee . . .
2
Public Works Department . . .
Bricks. . .
3
Director of Public Health . . .
Rice . . .
4
B u r m a . . .
Milk powder. . .
1
Customs Department . . .
Ghee . . .
3
Total . . .
460
An interesting case of ghee is worth recording. Two samples were
sent marked A and B. Sample A was said to be unheated, and sample
B from the same source, but heated. Sample B was homogeneous,
whereas sample A contained numerous white hard lumps. These lumps
were found to be saponified higher fatty acids. The samples were
undoubtedly genuine ghee, but the quality had apparently been injured
in the process of preparation.
Investigations.— An investigation was begun into the composition of
Ngapi, a national food-stuff among the Burmese, prepared from fish,
shrimps and prawns. Seven varieties have so far been analysed and the
work is being continued. The results of the analyses are given at
page 8.
3
48. SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HARCOURT BUTLER INSTITUTE
Water samples from Hlawga Lake and from the Irrawaddy River at
Kemmendine have been tested regularly throughout the year to ascertain
the occurrence of seasonal variation in Hydrogen Ion Concentration.
Singularly little such variation has been found. The observations made
are given at page 7.
Malaria Bureau.—During the year the Local Government approved
the opening of a Malaria Bureau at the Institute. Dr. E. S. Feegrade,
I.M..D., is in charge assisted by Sub-Assistant Surgeon, U Tin. The
Bureau maintains provincial collections of mosquitoes, larvivorous fish,
etc., collaborates with field survey parties, and undertakes the teaching
of students in Malaria work. During the year, work on these lines has
been carried out.
Investigations.—The mosquito fauna of two tanks near the Institute
ha s be e n f ol l owe d c l os e l y da y by da y i n t he hope of a s c e r t a i ni ng s ome
of the conditions influencing the change of species from season to
s e a s o n . T h e s t u d y h a s p r o v e d a n i n t e r e s t i n g o n e a n d i s b e i n g
continued.
A considerable collection of larvivorous fish from various parts of
Burma has been identified with the help of Dr. S. L. Hora of the
Zoological Survey of India.
Investigations are also in progress to test the efficiency of various
locally produced mineral oils, as larvicides.
Museum.—A number of new specimens and models has been added
to the teaching museum during the year. An urgent need exists for a
Curator, and a proposal has been submitted to Government for the
employment of a selected Sanitary Inspector to do the combined work
of Museum Curator and Storekeeper, as well as to supervise the attend-
ance and discipline of the classes under training.
Buildings.—A small workshop has been constructed adjoining the
engine room and engine mechanic placed in charge. It has already
been found possible to make a number of models for teaching in this
workshop.
E s t i m a t e s f o r t h e e r e c t i o n o f a s m a l l a n i m a l h o u s e h a v e b e e n s e n t
to the Director of Public Health for sanction.
The cold store has not yet been taken over from the Public Works
Department as the temperature readings are not satisfactory.
In conclusion I wish to record my thanks to the staff of the Institute
for the hearty support they have given me during the first full working
year.
G. JOLLY, Lieut.-Col., I.M.S.,
Director, The Harcourt Butler Institute
of Public Health, Burma.