NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
24
STATEMENTS OP THE LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
STATEMENT No. IX.
Shouting the Sanctioned Establishment of the Lunatic Asylums as it stood on the Slst December 1911.
Kstablishment.
Madras.
u
G
.a
a
p
Monthly
wages.
Vizagapatam.
G
P
4
Monthly
wages.
Calicut.
G
P
Total.
Monthly
wages.
7
G
a p
(senior second
(first grade)
(second grade)
Superintendent
Assistant Surgeon (Senior)
Civil Apothecary
Sub-Assistant Surgeon
grade).
Do.
Do.
Steward
First Assistant Steward
Seoond
do.
Clerk and Steward
Storekeeper
Writer
First-class European Attendants ...
Second-class
do.
Matron
Head Nurse ...
First-grade Nurse ...
Seoond-grade do.
Third-grade do
Native Male Head-keeper ...
First-class Native Male Attendants
Seoond-o'.ass
do.
do.
Third-olass
do.
do.
Night Watchmen
Native Female Head-keeper
First-class Female Attendant
Second-class
do.
Third-class
do.
Night Watch worn en
Weighman
OflBco Attendant
...
...
Hospital Attendants
Caste cook for Natives
Washerman
Gate-peon
First-class toty
Second-olass toties
Toty women
Female toty for Warders' Lines
Remuneration for two Native Attendants
for washing clothes at EM. 2 each.
Total ...
1
1
1
I
i
i
3
3
I
I
1
1
1
2
7
29
6
I
3
9
2
1
1
Rs. A.
800 0
l«)375 0
210 0
(6)75 0
70 0
30 0
25 0
40 0
30 0
165 0
120 0
100 0
80 0
70 0
60 0
50 0
24 0
70 0
232 0
48 0
14 0
24 0
45 0
12 0
10 0
12 0
P.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
V
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8 0 0
4 0 0
82 | 2,803 0 0
1
2
1
1
1 i
I
1
27
Ks. A. p.
50 0 0
1
i
(c) 85 0 0
i
20 0 0
I
15 0 0
i
12 0 0
2
27 0 0
4
48 0 0
S
14 0 0
2
1
7 0 0
2
6 0 0
6 0 0
2
7 0 0
i
16 0 0
3
7 0 0
1
1
6 0 0
1
7 0 0
1
6 0 0
2
5 0 0
2
1 0 0
33
345 0 0
First-olass
Native Male Attendants
Second-class
do.
do.
Third-class
do.
do.
Do.
Female
do.
its. A. P.
50 0 0
(d)95 0 0
23 0
25 0
15 0
(e) 21 0
32 0
21 0
14 0
8 0
12 0
6 0
25 0
7
8
6
Temporary Establishment (Madras Lunatic Asylum).
O
0
0
8 8
15 0
13 0
0
0
0 ! 14i
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
12 0 0
(»
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
416 8 0
38
10
1
4
4
9
5
1
3
5
2
1
3
2
3
3
142
Monthly
wages.
us. A. p
900 0 0
375 0 0
210 0 0
95 0 0
85 0 0
75 0 0
70 0 0
30 0 0
25 0 0
23 0 0
86 0 0
30 0 0
165 0 0
120 0 0
100 0 0
80 0 0
70 0 0
60 0 0
50 0 0
30 0 0
57 0 0
129 0 0
301 0 0
76 0 0
8 0 0
33 0 0
30 0 0
45 0 0
30 0 0
10 0 0
25 0 0
41 0 0
14 0 0
8 0 0
20 0 0
16 8 0
21 0 0
18 0 0
5 0 0
3,564 8 0
NO.
1CS.
1
12
2
20
*
32
2
10
Total
74
Temporary Establishment (Vizagapatam Lunatic Asylum.)
Female Warder
Temporary Establishment (Calicut Limatic Asylum)
Third-class Native Male Attendants
Female Attendants
Second-olass Male totv
NO.
1
RS.
6
Total ...
1
6
liam)
...
NO.
2
1
1
KB.
14
6
7*
Total
27*
(a) Drawl «n allowance of Us. 40 besides a« Assistant to the Superintendent for giving Clinical Instruction at th«
Any lum, whioh is debited to Medical College.
(b) Includes asylum allowance of Rs. 15 and local allowance of Us. 10.
(c) Includes asylum allowance of Rs. 25.
(d) Includes asylum allowance of Us. '25.
(e) One on Rs. 12 and one on Rs. 9.
STATEMENT No. X.
Showing Receipts and Expenditure on account of Manufactures in the Lunatic Asylums during the year 1911 and totals for the two previous years.
1
I
4
5
6
7
8
1
Credits.
Asylums.
Mean population.
Cash paid into
treasury for articles
sold.
Value of
manufactured goods
made over to
asylum for asylum
purposes.
Value of raw
materials in store
at the end of
the year.
i
Value of
manufactured
goods in store at the
end of the year.
Value of plant
and machinery in
TV.«..I *~~AU
store at the
Total credUs.
end of the year.
1
Males.
,
Females.
Total.
I
i
Madras
Vizagapatani
Calicui
409*98
57*43
88*70
143*20
.1.4-93
36'26
55318
72*36
124-96
RS. A. P.
* 1,479 4 3
t 419 7 1
% 1,061 15 6
ES. A. P.
7,479 9 11
593 12 7
813 15 7
ES. A. P.
1,434 0 11
117 9 9
288 4 4
ES. A. P.
3,668 11 3
554 0 1
487 4 3
ES. A. P.
250 0 0
175 0 2
215 0 0
RS. A. P.
14,311 10 4
1,859 13 8
2,866 7 S
Total for 1911 ...
556-11
194*39
750*50
2,i«S0 10 10
8,887 6 1
1,839 15 0
4,709 15 7
610 0 2
19,037 15 H
Total for 1910 ...
522*83
191-35
71V18
4,613 9 4
7,021 13 2
830 12 10
4,303 11
713 7 3
17,482 11 8
Total for 1909 ...
505*26
171*88
677-14
4,548 6 2
5,785 11 7
973 6 2
3,820 10 5
617 12 3
15,745 J4 7
( Sale of manufactured goods
* < Do. garden produce
{. Do. ragi husk, etc.
fSale o! manufactured goods
t ! Do. garden produce
' 1 Do. live-stock
I Do. milk
RS. A. p.
316 12 10
1,103 8 3
58 15 2
Total
TotAl
1,479 4 3
51
327
28
9
5 0
6 10
4 6
6 9
419 7 1
r Sale of manufactured goods and dairy farming
X < Do. garden produce
C Do. live-stock
Total
RS. A. P.
547 5 0
372 4 6
142 6 0
1,061 15 6
Asylums.
9
10
11
12
i
13
14
1
15
16
17
!
18
Debits.
Value of
manufactured
sroods in store
on 1st January
1911.
Value of
raw materials
in store on
1st January
1911.
Value of
plant and
machinery in
store on
1st January 1911.
Raw materials
purchased.
Contingencies of
manufacture.
Other charges. j Total debits.
1
Excess of
credits or
profits.
Excess
of debits or
loss.
Remarks.
Madras
Vizagapatani
Calicut
Total for 1911 ...
Total for 1910 ...
Total for 1909 ...
ES. A. P.
3,35). 10 10
512 15 9
408 6 6
ES. A. P.
513 7 10
180 15 0
136 6 0
RS. A. P.
294 0 0
194 7 3
225 0 0
EB. A. P.
4,131 3 6
195 4 7
919 15 8
RS. A. P.
R8. A. P.
104 4 3
ES. A. P.
8.394 10 5
1,113 10 7
1,689 12 2
ES. A. P.
5,916 15 11
746 3 1
1,176 U 6
4,303 1 1
830 12 10
713 7 3
5,246 7 9
104 4 3
11,198 1 2
7,839 14 6
3,820 10 5
973 6 2
617 1? 3
3,892 11 5
Ill 11 6
15 0 0
9,431 6 9
8,051 4 11
3,122 8 10
1,007 4 5
660 4 3
3,149 6 7
137 15 0
8,077 7 1
7,668 7 6
s
m
B
52
H
cc
O
H
X
IS
h
6
CO
H
ej
B
cc
No. 650, PUBLIC, 31ST MAY 1912.
GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS.
PUBLIC DEPARTMENT.
Order—No. 650, Public, dated 31st May 1912.
Recorded.
2. It is observed that the daily average number of criminal lunatics has steadily
risen from 124*81 in 1906 to 165-53 in 1911. The Surgeon-General is requested to
report, after consulting the Superintendent, whether the causes of this inorease are
ascertainable and, if so, what they are believed to be.
3. His Excellency in Council is pleased to note with approval the efforts to
provide amusements for the patients and to learn of the continued interest in the
inmates of the asylums evinced by Sri Maharani, Lady Gajapathy Rao Garu, M.R.Ry.
D. Bangaru Raju and Haji Currim Haji Mahomed Sait.
(True Extract.)
A. G. CARDBW,
Ag. Chief Secretary.
m . 9 1 . b .
(NEW SERIES)
No. 50
SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS
BY
OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL AND SANITARY DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON AN INVESTIGATION
INTO THE ETIOLOGY OF ORIENTAL SORE
IN CAMBAY
BY
CAPTAIN W. S. PATTON, M.B., I.M.S.
Offg. Director, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Madras.
ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA BY THE
SANITARY COMMISSIONER WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
CALCUTTA
SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA
1912
Price Annas Six.
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SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS
BY
OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL AND SANITARY DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON AN INVESTIGATION
INTO THE ETIOLOGY OF ORIENTAL SORE
IN CAMBAY
BY
CAPTAIN W. S. PATTON, M.B., I.M.S.
O f f g . D i r e c t o r , K i n g I n s t i t u t e o f P r e v e n t i v e M e d i c i n e , M a d r a s .
ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA BY THE
SANITARY COMMISSIONER WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,
CALCUTTA
SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA
1912
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List of numbers of Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and
Sanitary Departments of the Government of India (New Series)
published previous to the present issue.
No. 1. Standardisation of Calmette's Anti-Venomous Serum with Pure Cobra Venom : the
Deterioration of this Serum through keeping in India, by Captain G. Lamb,
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No. 4. On the Action of the Venoms of the Cobra and of the Daboia on the Red Blood
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No. 5. Specificity of Anti-Venomous Sera, by Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S. Price As. 3
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No. 6. First Report on the Anti-Malarial Operations in Mian Mir, 1901—03, by Captain
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No. 7. Some Observations on the Poison of the Banded Krait (Bungarus Fasciatus), by
Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S. Price As. 8 or 9 d.
No. 8. A Preliminary Report on a Parasite found in Patients suffering from Enlargement
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No. 9. Second Report of the Anti-Malarial Operations at Mian Mir, 1901—03, by Lieute-
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No. 10. Specificity of Anti-Venomous Sera (Second Communication), by Captain G. Lamb,
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No. 1.1. On a Parasite found in persons suffering from Enlargement of the Spleen in
India—Second Report, by Lieutenant S. R. Christophers, I.M.S. Price
Rs. 2 or 3 s.
No. 12. On the Morphology, Teratology, and Diclinism of the Flowers of Cannabis, by
Major D. Prain, I.M.S. Price As. 14 or 1s. 4d.
No. 13. Oriental or Delhi Sore, by Captain S. P. James, I.M.S. Price As. 10 or 1s.
No. 14. On a Parasite found in the White Corpuscles of the Blood of Dogs, by Captain
S. P. James, I.M.S. Price As. 10 or 1s.
No. 15. On a Parasite found in persons suffering from Enlargement of the Spleen in
India—Third Repert, by Lieutenant S. R. Christophers, I.M.S. Price
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No. 16. The Specificity of Anti-Venomous Sera with special reference to a Serum prepared
with the Venom of the Daboia Russellii, by Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S, Price
As. 6 or 7d.
No. 17. Snake-Venoms in relation to Hæmolysis, by Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S Price As. 6
or 7d.
No. 18. Hæmogregarina Gerbilli, by Lieutenant S. R. Christophers, M.B., I.M.S. Price
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No. 19. On Kala Azar, Malaria and Malarial Caehexia, by Captain. S. P. James, M.B.,
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B2
3
No. 41. Quinine and its Salts : their Solubility and Absorbability, by Captain A. C.
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No. 42. The Cultivation of the Bacillus of Leprosy and the Treatment of cases by means of
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The Cultivation of the Leprosy Bacillus, by Captain T. S. B. Williams, M.B.,
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No. 45. Epidemic Dropsy in Calcutta, by Major E. D. W Greig, M.D., D.Sc.,I.M.S.
Price Re. 1 and As. 4 or 2 s.
No. 46. Malaria in the Punjab, by Major S. B. Christophers, M.B., I.M.S. Price
Rs. 2 or 3 s.
No. 47. Dysentery and Liver Abscess in Bombay, by Major E. D. W. Greig, M.D., D.Sc.,
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No. 48. Investigations into the Jail Dietaries of the United Provinces with some observations
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No. 49. Epidemic Dropsy in Calcutta, being the final report of an enquiry carried out by
Major E. D. W. Greig, M.D., I.M.S.
Published by and on sale at the Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, Calcutta.
Copies are also available from all Agents for the sale of Government Publications.
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON AN INVESTIGATION INTO
THE ETIOLOGY OF ORIENTAL SORE IN CAMBAY.
I N June 1910 I was placed on special duty, in order to investigate the
etiology of Oriental Sore in India, and on learning from Dr. Row that this
well known skin disease is endemic in Cambay, I went there in order to study
it under the most favourable conditions ; the main object of my enquiry was
to try and find out exactly how the parasite of Oriental Sore is transmitted in
nature. I spent in all six and a half months in Cambay and during that time
saw about sixty typical cases, and was able to collect a large amount of valu-
able information regarding the etiology of the disease. As I hope in due
course to write a complete account of my investigations, describing the disease
as I saw it in Cambay, as well as the life history of the parasite, I do not pro-
pose in this paper giving any great detail, but merely recording my feeding
experiments, so that others who are working at this, or allied parasites, may
avail themselves of the results of my work.
Oriental Sore is said to have existed in Cambay for the last 250 years and
probably was introduced from Persia ; it is definitely localised to the town
itself and hardly ever occurs among the villagers living in the surrounding
country, except among those who make a short or prolonged stay in the town
of Cambay. It was extremely difficult to obtain any accurate information, as
to whether the disease shewed any tendency to spread among the villagers
when introduced by infected people coming from Cambay. Recently Major
L i s t o n , I . M . S . , s a w a t y p i c a l c a s e o f O r i e n t a l S o r e i n a g i r l i n B o m b a y , w h o
had never been to Cambay, but had resided in Gogo, a seaport town opposite
Cambay, which holds much communication with it. This case clearly shews
that the disease has a tendency to spread outside the endemic area.
During my stay in Cambay I lived in the dâk bungalow, a small house
kindly lent me by His Highness the Nawab. It was situated just on the out-
skirts of the town, about a quarter of a mile distant, and close to it was the
railway station. It is important to note that no one living in this locality
contracted the disease although it was so near the town.
The day after my arrival in Cambay, I visited the local schools and select-
ed a suitable case for experiments, a boy aged 10 who had a large fresh sore
situated on the anterior surface of the lower third of his left thigh, which on
examination was found to be eminently suitable for experimental purposes.
2
This case was observed daily for three and a half months, and during that time
a very striking and suggestive observation was made, and one which was of
frequent occurrence in the opinion of the people themselves. On several
occasions the little boy informed me that his sore was swollen that morning,
and on examining it, the margins were found to be more puffy than usual, and
more marked on one or other side. On puncturing the swollen margin, I
found there had been a marked extension of the parasitic area, and that the
large macrophages were loaded with parasites ; many of them had obviously
ruptured as both the large mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocytes
contained parasites. On the first occasion in which I observed this curious
phenomenon I found two parasites in a large mononuclear leucocyte in a drop
of blood taken from the upper third of the same thigh. On three other occa-
sions parasites were found in the surface blood, taken a considerable distance
from the lesion. This periodical swelling of the sore, followed by a marked
extension of the parasitic area, resulting in the liberation of numbers of para-
sites into the circulating blood, at once recalls a very similar condition seen in
Kala Azar. It will be remembered that I have pointed out that in that disease
there are definite occasions when there is a great increase in the number of
parasites found in the peripheral blood, and that these occasions correspond
exactly with the extension of the parasitic area in the intestinal tract, as is
clearly evidenced by the frequent onset of short dysenteric exacerbations. It
was also found that more than half the cases of Oriental Sore in Cambay were
totally unsuitable for purposes of experimental transmission of the parasite, for
owing to bacterial invasion, chiefly staphylococci, the parasitic area is rapidly
destroyed, this being clearly demonstrated in many cases which I had the
opportunity of examining. Owing to the crude method of treatment,—in
many cases no treatment at all,—the sore breaks down, and the parasites quickly
disappear. Dr. Row in a recent paper read before the Bombay branch of the
British Medical Association, states that oriental Sore runs an obstinate course
for months, and that parasites persist in the ulcers to the very end. This is
entirely contrary to my observations, which could not have been better demon-
strated than in my own sore. It began on January 9th, and in July the para-
sites had completely disappeared ; the sore itself is still (October 1911) practi-
cally unchanged and is freely discharging and shews no tendency to heal. In.
Cambay I saw a large number of sores which I was able to observe for long
periods, and found that the parasites disappeared a short time after the skin had
broken. For feeding experiments I therefore consider the selection of a case
of the utmost importance. The best cases are those, in which the sore does not
break down, but in which the skin becomes covered with scales and scabs, and.
3
except for a few small perforations, remains intact almost to the termination
of the disease. It is in this type of sore that the periodical swellings caused
by the marginal extension of the parasites are observed, and it is in these
cases alone that the parasite can be found with any certainty in the circulating
blood. Any one who has once seen this variety of sore, will not fail to recog-
nise it again; I had the good fortune to see several during my stay in Cambay.
Having definitely settled that the parasite is frequently liberated into the
circulating blood, and finding that the case under observation often exhibited
this phenomenon, I utilised it for my feeding experiments. Dr. Row, who has
on several occasions visited Cambay, has come to the conclusion that the house
fly is the most probable transmitter. It was therefore important to settle this
question once and for all. That house flies may transmit the parasite of
Oriental Sore is no new hypothesis, for Seriziat and Laveran have long ago
suggested this possibility. Laveran states, that from September to October at
Biskra the slightest wounds tend to become transformed into true Oriental Sores
and he adds that he has seen it grafted on to acne, impertigo, and vaccine pus-
tules, as well as on wounds following burns, he therefore does not doubt that
the virus is carried on the feet and proboscides of flies.
In this connection it should be remembered that these statements were
made long before the parasite of Oriental Sore was discovered, and that many
of the older observers have undoubtedly included, in their descriptions, sores
o t h e r t h a n t h e t r u e s p e c i f i c l e s i o n , s u c h a s a r e e x t r e m e l y c o m m o n o n t h e s k i n s
of the inhabitants of Eastern countries. When I was in the Aden Hinterland,
and particularly at Sheik Othman, I examined many such sores thinking
they were true Oriental boils, but never once found the characteristic parasite
though many of these sores were exactly similar to the true "Bouton d' Orient."
These ulcers and sores almost always contained spirochætes. Precisely the
same state of affairs was seen in Cambay, for during the rainy season, from
June to September, I found that the vast majority of skin lesions were not the
true " Cambay Boil." As I was working in a room in the Hospital, I daily
saw all the people who came for treatment, and sores and ulcers were invaria-
bly shewn to me. In this way I had the opportunity of examining a great
many cases, but in the majority I failed to find any parasites.
On comparing the stained films made from these sores, with some made
from the late stage of the true Oriental Boil, I was able to say at once whether
these sores were ordinary ulcers, or whether they were the true lesion from
which the parasite had disappeared. I will describe the characteristics of the
latter in the complete account of my investigations. In Cambay I saw a few
sores caused by blister beetles ( Cantharinæ ), several species of which were
extremely prevalent during the rainy season. These insects being attracted by