9
for the evident desire to make Kolhápur worthy of being a Capital, by improving
the health and convenience of its people, by sweeping away filthy villages and
widening streets, &c., yet much remains to be done.
32. The whole conservancy establishment requires remodelling. The cutchra
is only removed from the public roads but not from private compounds. It
remains there to rot and decay, to the great danger of the inhabitants. This
must be removed, and consequently the Scavenging Department must be largely
increased. There are now only 6 scavenging-carts, and these not of good pattern.
The Bombay scavenging tilt cart is the best I know, and is drawn by exactly the
same class of bullocks. I think one such might be procured as a pattern, and the
number be increased to 12, the new ones being made in Kolhápur. If the lead to
the manure-yard is found too long, a place might safely be fixed upon nearer the
town where the dry stable litter at all events might be burnt. I am strongly of
opinion that the reclamation of the moat with the town sweepings is objection--
able, as this cutchra undergoes decomposition in the very midst of houses. The
moat should undoubtedly be filled up, and to effect this I think the Fort walls,
which now offer a very serious barrier to the perflation of air in the town, and
which are used as a latrine, should be pulled down and the' earth restored to the
place from which it was dug out. A broad road might be made over the ground
so reclaimed, and the frontages along each side of it would be very valuable and
would help to pay for the filling in.
33. In the next place the privies in the town are as bad as they possibly can
be, and are simply cesspools. Being constructed within the houses, the inhabitants
must constantly breathe privy air. In all new houses the isolation of the privies
should be most rigidly insisted upon. An air space of not less than 3 feet should
be left all round the privy, and no building should be allowed over it. If this
course were insisted upon, the gully round the privy should be paved with cut
stone and the privy should be cleaned from the side out of the view of passers by
the road. What can be more disgusting to a high caste Brahmin whilst walking
along the road than to see a sweeper cleaning a privy from it ? Above all,
every halalcore in the town should be made a municipal servant, and be paid
out of the municipal fund, and a halalcore cess should be imposed.
34. It may be of service to state what is the approximate amount of fæces
and urine produced daily by the inhabitants. In a given population it is safe to
assume that 2 . 5 ozs. of fæces and 40 ozs. of urine are passed per head per day, so
that in Kolhápur we have-
37,662 X 2 . 5 oz. = 94,115 ozs.
=
5,884 lbs. fæces passed per diem.
=
2.62 tons.
Again, there would be-
37,662 x 40
= 1,56,480 ozs.
= 94,115 lbs. urine voided per diem.
=
42 tons.
35. It would be impossible to remove all this matter by carts and bhun--
gies without going to great expense, but we must consider what now becomes of
it. Some part, but only a fractional portion, is removed by the night-soil carts, the
remainder soaks into the ground close to the habitations of the people; but there
is a still further source of danger in the water that is used in domestic consump-
- t i o n . W h e n t h e K á t t y á n i s c h e m e i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e r e w i l l b e 1 0 g a l l o n s p e r
head of population brought into the town = 376,620 gallons every day, and
what will become of this vast quantity of water ? It will be used for drinking,
cooking, ablution of persons, washing clothes and house utensils, and for the
B 272—c