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is, after Bombay, the largest city in the western presidency, and that, up to this
present time, the people have not expended any money whatsoever in providing
their city with any kind of channels by which their liquid refuse can be removed;
that the subsoil contamination is consequently so great that the water in the
wells is simply diluted urine; and that, as might be expected, the death-rate is
exceptionally high. I would, therefore, earnestly ask that, at all events, estimates
may be prepared to see whether a pipe-sewerage system is really financially
impossible. I am very certain it would be far cheaper in the end (leaving out
of the question altogether its incalculable greater efficiency) to take this action;
than to attempt any system of surface drainage.
45. To obtain the necessary information to carry out either a water or
sewerage scheme, there should be prepared a map of the city and its environs,
showing the contour lines of levels. All now is a matter of guess, and there are
no trustworthy data to work upon. I am indebted to Mr. Waite for the follow-
ing remarks, showing the present state of the City Survey:—"The whole of the
field measurements or actual survey has been completed, The city has been
divided into 89 sections, and Saraspur into 4, making in all 93 sections. The
maps, on a scale of 33 feet to the inch, have been more or less completed for
31 sections; the others are in progress. The inquiry into titles and settlement
work is going on, and the whole of the operations will be completed in three or
four years. When everything is done, there will be 93 maps, giving the greatest
possible detail, and showing every inch of land, whether freehold or public pro-
perty."
46. A vane, to show the direction of the wind, might advantageously be
erected on one of the towers of the jail, which would give true indications; and
if observations were taken twice a day, or oftener, the records thus obtained would
be extremely valuable and trustworthy.
47. I see by the bye-laws that the Municipal Commissioners have very pro-
perly refused to allow any more fœcal khalkoowas to be constructed, but imme-
diate orders should be issued to close and fill in all those now in use; and until the
existing khalkoowas can be done away with, a trapped connection should be
made between the koondee and the khallkoowa; and a ventilating pipe, protected at
the top so as to prevent the admission of rain, should be carried from the arch
up as high as 6 feet above the roofs of the houses. No privy ought to be clean-
ed from the public street. It is an offence against all decency that this work
should be done in the midst of a crowded thoroughfare; and if new privies are
allowed to be erected, they should be isolated and separated from the house by an
air-space of at least 3 feet all round, and access should be given to them by means
of a sweeper's gulley, which should be paved. A sufficient number of urinals
should also be at once built, so as to prevent the soakage of urine around the
habitations.
48. Attempts should be made to get the owners of fields in the neigh-
bourhood of the city to bury the collections of nightsoil and dry refuse daily,
instead of storing these offensive matters to undergo gradual decomposition;
and bones should not be accumulated in the quantities they now are; and depôts,
as long as they exist, should only be allowed between east and south of the city.
49. The following trades should be removed from inside the walls:—
1. Tile-making,
2. Potters,
3. Indigo-dyers,
4. Dyers in Suringee,
5. Slaughter-houses,
6. Leather-dyers,
and those outside which should be removed from the north to the south-east of
the city, are the paper-manufacturers, the lime-kilns, the tanneries, and the dyers.