( 25 )
In the 3rd Circle, the results were much the same as in previous years and there
is room for improvement in the Bánda, Allahabad and in Gházipur and Ballia districts,
where strict supervision of the operations is required at the hands of District Superin-
tendents.
Animal lymph.
81. Hitherto none of the Civil Surgeons in the 1st Circle have interested them-
selves in cultivating animal lymph; and during the
past season, with the exception of an inconsiderable
number of operations performed with animal lymph in the districts of Agra and Main-
puri, vaccination in the 1st Circle was carried on on the arm-to-arm system with huma-
nised lymph throughout the season.
In the 2nd Circle, the important animal lymph depôt at Lucknow was kept up
during the cold weather, and the percentage of successful operations performed with
animal lymph from this depôt reached 89.46. The following table shows the stations
at which animal lymph depôts were established, and where the operations with ani-
mal lymph exceeded 1,000, and indicates the result in each case :—
Station.
Lucknow ... ... ... ...
Unao
... ... ... ...
Gonda
... ... ... ...
Sitapur
...
...
...
...
Sara Banki
...
...
...
...
Bareilly
... ... ... ...
Sultánpur
... ... ... ...
Fyzabad
...
...
...
...
Pilibhít
... ... ... ...
Number of operations
with calf
lymph.
14,144
5,018
4,878
2,734
2,629
1,264
1,169
1,069
1,025
Percentage of
success exclu-
ding unknown.
89.46
97.96
90.22
82.68
70.76
91.05
81.10
74.07
87.82
Besides, small animal lymph depôts were etsablished at Hardôi, Partábgarh, Rae Bareli,
Bahraich, Moradabad, Badaun and Sháhjahánpur. At Moradabad where 150 ope-
rations were performed with calf lymph, the percentage of success recorded was 98.62.
In the 3rd Circle, 6,346 operations were performed with calf lymph at Allahabad,
with a percentage of success of 88.14. At Jhánsi and at Lalitpur operations were
performed with animal lymph, but owing to want of proper supervision, the Lalitpur
depôt was abolished. It is stated that there were in all 834 successful cases of vacci-
nation with calf lymph in Jhánsi and Lalitpur, during the season.
Vaccination and small-pox.
82. Supplementary statement A shows the ratio of deaths from small-pox, in the
districts and municipalities from 1881 to 1893, and
also the number of persons successfully vaccinated
per 1,000 of the population in the years 1891-1892 to 1893-1894. The total number
of deaths from small-pox in 1893-1894 in the United Provinces was 5,992, and
the death rate .13 from this cause was the lowest on record. It has been asserted that
the ratio of deaths from small-pox in the United Provinces has not decreased, being
1.98 per mille for the years 1890, 1891 and 1892 and 1.84 per mille for the previous
three years. By adopting this limited and irregular method of comparing death
ratios, it is now shown that the ratio of mortality from small-pox was only .85 during
past three years 1891-92, 1892-93 and 1893-94 as compared with 1.84 during the
previous three years, equal to a saving in human life of 88,581 persons in three years.
That the decrease in small-pox is real, and not a mere fiction of figures is more than
apparent from a glance at the diagrams which follow. In former years there were
recurrent epidemics of small-pox every third or fourth year, when the provincial ratio
of mortality reached excessive figures, and was recorded as 4.59 per 1,000 of the popu-
lation in 1884. During the past 9 years, the epidemic period occurred in 1889 and
1890, and the highest ratio recorded was only 1.26 ; and during the last two years the
actual mortality has fallen to the lowest figures on record. Concurrently with the
marked decline in small-pox mortality in the United Provinces, there has been an
increase of 617,736 in the annual number of successful primary vaccinations, which
were 563,864 in 1884-85 as compared with 1,181,600 in the past season.
7