24
2. Through Services—
Steamship Line.
Pacific Mail Steamship Company ...
Toyo Kisen kaisha Company
Eng Hook Fong Steamship Com-
pany.
Canadian Australian Steamship Com-
pany.
Balf our Line
Details of routes, etc.
Hong Kong, China, Japan and San Francisco.
Hong Kong ma China and Japan and Honolulu to
Manzanillo,
Salina Cruz, Callao, Iquique,
Valparaiso and Coronel and return by same route.
From Chinese ports to Manzanillo and return.
Vancouver to Australia.
From Europe viâ the Straits of Magellan to Hono-
lulu ; thence to Pacific coast ports.
In addition to the above regular lines a few foreign sailing vessels bring
general merchandise from Europe, coal from Australia and nitrates from South
American ports, and some small American sailing vessels are engaged in carry-
ing lumber and other freight between Hawaii and the mainland.
Quarantine arrangements.—The chief risk of infection to Honolulu is from
ports in Mexico and South America, and the following occurrence related to
me by Dr. Pratt, Chief Health and Sanitary Officer of the Territorial Govern-
ment, illustrates forcibly that the risk is a real one. On the 23rd of October
1910 the steamship " Hong Kong Maru ", of the Toyo Kisen Kaisha Line,
arrived at Honolulu from Manzanillo having on board a Chinaman who was
found to be suffering from yellow fever. Orders were given that the ship should
be anchored outside the harbour, a police guard from the quarantine station was
placed on board to prevent the landing of any of the passengers and crew, and
she was fumigated to destroy mosquitoes. On the 27th it was necessary to
change one of the members of the guard, but the man who was relieved, instead
of returning to the quarantine station, went to his home. The next morning
he was absent from roll call and it was found that he was lying ill in a small
house near the beach. His illness was diagnosed as yellow fever as he was at
once taken to the quarantine camp. The hut where he had stayed was in a
hamlet of 48 small wooden houses on an isolated piece of ground. All the
houses were immediately evacuated and guards were stationed to prevent any-
one entering the area. The windows and doors of the houses being left open,
all the surrounding bush for a distance of 150 feet from every dwelling was then
thoroughly cleared with the object of driving into the empty houses any mosqui-
toes that might be sheltering in it. The houses were then sealed and fumigated
three times at intervals of 24 hours, so lbs. of sulphur being used for every
1,000 cubic feet of space. Meanwhile a heavy barbed wire fence was erected
round the area and for 90 days after the last fumigation no one was allowed
inside it. All these measures were completed in eight days, and it was believed
that if any mosquitoes in the area had bitten the infected patient they were
killed before a sufficient time had elapsed for them to become infective. The
ship was again thoroughly fumigated and after being detained for a further
period equal to the incubation period of the disease was allowed to proceed. No
other case occurred on her or in the town.
If the facts are as stated their explanation may be that the infected mos-
quito which had got on board at Manzanillo and caused one case during the 10
or II days required for the voyage to Honolulu, had bitten the second man
while he was assisting in the operations of fumigation.
The occurrence indicates that Honolulu is in danger from the importation
of infected mosquitoes as well as of patients, and since December 1910 all