NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( 6 )
the practicability and cost of this proposal. Almora would probably
be a suitable station. In other provinces the use of bovine lymph is year
by year more largely resorted to, as there is much evidence that with
the cessation of the arm-to-arm process vaccination is less disliked
by the people. In the Panjáb the plan of vaccinating a village
calf with the consent of the owner and obtaining from it points of
fresh vaccine to vaccinate the village has proved very successful. His
Honor the Lieutenant-Governor will be glad if some Civil Surgeons
when on tour will give it a trial. Bovine depôts are most numerous
in Oudh. The conclusions regarding them appear to be that they are
useful in a large city like Lucknow, where there is a large demand for
fresh lymph, but that calf lymph unless preserved in paste cannot be
advantageously sent to a distance. Issues of calf lymph in paste were
experimentally made from the Lucknow bovine depôt. The experi-
ment should be continued and the results noticed in next year's report.
11. Your remarks (paragraph 82) on the comparative immunity
from small-pox which the Province enjoyed during the year and on
the decreasing virulence of periodical outbreaks of the disease have
been read with interest. In parts of the Province the feeling of the
people with regard to vaccination has changed of recent years from
dislike and dread to acquiescence and to positive approval. In Oudh
and the eastern districts the old prejudices have as yet lost little of
their force. That they will give way in time is not to be doubted. But
in the meantime sustained attention and effort are required, and His
Honor the Lieutenant-Governor trusts that in those districts which are
shown to be backward the local authorities will see that improvement
is effected.
I have the honor to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient servant,
T. W. HOLDERNESS,
Secy. to Govt., N.- W. P. and Oudh.
ANNUAL REPORT
ON
VACCINATION
IN THE
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH
FOR THE YEAR 1894-95.
ALLAHABAD:
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1895.
Price Rs. 1-4-0.
ANNUAL REPORT
ON
VACCINATION
IN THE
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH
FOR THE YEAR 1894-95.
ALLAHABAD:
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1895.
ANNUAL REPORT
ON
VACCINATION
IN THE
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH,
For the year 1894-95.
Continued activity and progress in
vaccination.
1. THE activity and progress in vaccination, noted in previous reports, and which
have characterized vaccine operations in the North¬
Western Provinces and Oudh for some years, are
still plainly manifest.
The success of the ' operations in the
united provinces in recent years.
2. Since 1889-90 the annual number of persons primarily vaccinated has risen
from 785,957 to the large total of 1,396,849 and the
annual number of primary successful vaccinations
from 700,429 to 1,247,704.
The results how obtained.
3. These important results have been accompanied by a steady elimination of
what formerly was irregular and false in the vaccina-
tion record, and by the summary dismissal from the
service of any one found fabricating or tampering with departmental records. The
suspicion, therefore, which formerly attached to the work of the department can no
longer exist when it is shown that under the new system of extensive check and test
of results by Civil Surgeons no irregularities of importance have been discovered.
Distribution of the establishment.
4. The distribution of the vaccination estab¬
lishment during 1894-95 was as follows :—
Circle.
First circle, comprising the Meerut and Agra
Divisions, and Native State Tehri Garhwál.
Second circle, comprising the Rohilkhand Divi-
sion, the Province of Oudh and the districts of
Almora and Naini Tal.
Third circle, comprising the Allahabad, Benares
and Gorakhpur Divisions and British Garhwál.
Total ... ...
Superintendents of Cir-
cles (Deputy Sanitary
Commissioners).
1
1
1
3
District Superintendents
(Civil Surgeons).
12
20
16
48
Assistant Superin-
tendents.
First grade.
1
2
4
7
Second grade.
5
6
6
17
Third grade.
7
12
6
25
Vaccinators.
195
351
282
828
Probationers.
12
19
19
50
There were nominally three Superintendents of circles, but pending the decision of
the Government of India as to the proposed abolition of one circle of superintendence, the
work of the Superintendent of the III Circle was carried on by the Superintendent of
the II Circle in addition to his own. The number of vaccinators was less by 20 than
( 2 )
in the previous year, and there was an increase of 6 in the number of probationers
The total working staff numbered 878 against 892 in the previous year.
Expenditure on vaccination.
5. A decrease of Rs. 3,210-7-8 in expenditure is shown and the disbursement from
Provincial and Local Funds was less by Rs. 3,335-4-7.
There was a slight increase in municipal expenditure.
The total expenditure on vaccination was Rs. 155,786-2-2 as compared with Rs.
158,996-9-10 in the previous year. The sources of disbursement and heads of expendi-
ture for 1893-94 and 1894-95 are compared in the following tables :—
Sources of disbursement.
Year.
1893-94 ...
1894-95 ...
Provincial funds.
Rs.
1,15,928
1,13,368
a.
9
6
p.
4
4
Local funds.
Rs.
11,831
11,056
a.
10
8
p.
5
10
Municipalities.
Rs.
22,908
23,521
a.
3
10
p.
9
4
Other sources.
Rs.
8,328
7,839
a.
2
8
p.
4
8
Total.
Rs.
1,58,996
1,55,786
a.
9
2
p.
10
2
Heads of expenditure.
Year.
1893-94 ...
1894-95 ...
Pay of establishment.
Rs.
1,35,266
1,35,799
a.
0
5
p.
10
2
Travelling allowance.
Rs.
11,653
10,832
a
15
9
p.
11
11
Contingencies.
Rs.
12,076
9,154
a.
9
3
p.
1
1
Total.
Rs.
1,58,996
1,55,786
a.
9
2
p.
10
2
Average cost of each successful case
of vaccination.
6. The average cost of each successful case of vaccination was one anna and
eleven pies, as compared with two annas and one
pie in the previous year ; and the actual cost of the
department compares favourably with that of other provinces and Chief Commissioner-
ships.
General operations.
7. There was a total of 1,422,479 persons vaccinated as compared with 1,365,373 in
1893-94, and the number of successful primary opera-
tions rose from 1,181,600 to 1,247,704.
The total
number of successful re-vaccinations was 16,203 against 15,108 in the previous year;
and the average number of persons vaccinated by each vaccinator rose from 1,610 to
1,718. An increase occurred in the percentage of successful cases in which the results
were known ; and the total number of persons successfully vaccinated per 1,000 of
the population was 26.81 against 25.38 in the previous season. The annual progres-
sive increase in successful results of late years was thus fully maintained—while the
quality of the work was further improved.
Operations in the 1st circle.
8. Operations in the 1st circle show a satisfactory increase of 20,232 in the num-
ber of successful primary cases, of 96 in the average
number of persons vaccinated by each vaccinator,
while the percentage of successful primary cases in which the results were known rose
from 95.97 to 96.52.
Table showing the increase and decrease
in successful vaccination by districts.
9. The following table shows the increase or decrease in the number of successful
primary vaccinations in the various districts of the
1st circle:—
( 4 )
population from 27.69 to 28.84, while the average number of persons vaccinated by
each vaccinator was 1,799, as compared with 1,693 of the previous year.
Table showing the increase and de-
crease in successful vaccination by dis-
tricts.
13. The following; table shows the increase and decrease in the number of successful
primary vaccinations in the various districts of the
II Circle :—
District.
Almora ... ... ... ...
Naini Tal ... ... ... ...
Bijnor
...
... ... ...
Moradabad ... ... ... ...
Budaun ... ... ... ...
Bareilly ... ... ... ...
Pilibhít ... ... ... ...
Sháhjahánpur ... ... ...
Lucknow ... ... ... ...
Unao ... ... ... ...
Bara Banki ... ... ... ...
Sitapur
...
...
...
...
Hardoi
...
...
... ...
Kheri ... ... ... ...
Fyzabad ... ... ... ...
Bahraich
... ... ... ...
Gonda ... ... ... ...
Rai Bareli ... ... ... ...
Sultánpur ... ... ... ...
Partábgarh ... ... ... ...
Total ... ...
Number of successful
primary vaccinations.
1893-94.
13,869
11,852
25,381
36,068
20,968
27,530
12,759
19,400
34,896
28,211
34,426
62,598
37,540
17,377
32,641
14,744
18,139
34,391
11,592
21,615
515,997
1894-95.
13,653
10,810
21,618
36,026
26,837
31,662
18,530
22,886
23,776
30,855
31,578
48,438
52,139
23,270
37,342
13,607
25,610
30,455
17,383
22,222
538,697
Increase.
...
...
...
...
5,869
4,132
5,771
3,486
...
2,644
...
...
14,599
5,893
4,701
...
7,471
...
5,791
607
22,700
Decrease.
216
1,042
3,763
42
...
...
...
...
11,120
...
2,848
14,160
...
...
...
1,137
...
3,936
...
...
...
There was a substantial increase of 22,700 in the number of successful primary vaccina-
tions in the circle.
Cause of the decrease in successful
vaccination in some districts.
14. The large decrease in the number of successful primary vaccinations in the
Sitapur district was due (a) to a relaxation of the special
ffort to extend vaccination, made by Col. Grigg
in the previous season, and (b) to the occurrence of cholera and the employment of
vaccinators on special sanitary duty in connection with the epidemic. Even with the
decrease noted the ratio of persons vaccinated in the district of Sitapur exceeded the
birth-rate. The large decrease in the number of successful primary vaccinations in
the Lucknow district is accounted for also by the withdrawal of the special effort
and influence of Mr. Mulock, C.S., and to a decrease in the number of children success-
fully vaccinated in the Lucknow Municipality. In the Bara Banki and Rae Bareli
districts, the falling off is accounted for by the departmental objection to the employ-
ment of extra vaccinators, and to the diminishing number of such men now employed.
It is advisable to altogether prohibit the employment of men not on the regular estab-
lishments. A slight falling off in Bahraich was due to the insufficiency of the
( 6 )
Table showing the increase and de-
crease in successful vaccination by dis-
tricts.
17. The following table shows the increase
and decrease in the number of successful primary
vaccinations in the various districts of the III
Circle.
District.
Garhwál ... ... ... ...
Cawnpore
...
...
... ...
Fatehpur
...
...
... ...
Bánda ... ... ... ...
Allahabad ... ... ... ...
Hamírpur ... ... ... ...
Jaunpur ... ... ... ...
Gorakhpur ... ... ... ...
Basti ... ... ... ...
Azamgarh ... ... ... ...
Mirzapur ... ... ... ...
Benares
...
...
...
...
Gházipur ... ... ... ...
Ballia ... ... ... ...
Jhánsi ... ... ... ...
Jalaun ... ... ... ...
Total ... ...
Number of successful
primary vaccinations.
1893-94.
13,282
30,455
20,462
14,121
27,806
16,325
22,460
48,517
30,746
22,319
19,203
20,112
22,296
18,013
19,996
11,319
357,432
1894-95.
12,356
31,397
20,243
14,667
26,098
18,546
26,046
53,704
40,076
24,928
17,774
20,281
22,443
20,002
20,651
11,392
380,604
Increase.
...
942
...
546
...
2,221
3,586
5,187
9,330
2,609
...
169
147
1,989
655
73
23,172
Decrease.
926
...
219
...
1,708
...
...
...
...
...
1,429
...
...
...
...
...
...
There was thus a substantial increase of 23,172 in the number of successful primary
vaccinations in the circle.
Cause of the decrease in successful
vaccination in some districts.
18. The decrease in the Garhwál and Fatehpur districts was due to general
causes, and the unhealthiness of the infant popula-
tion in 1894. The falling off in the number of
successful vaccinations in the Allahabad district is ascribed to less activity in the
operations in Allahabad city, where fewer infants were as elsewhere available than in
the previous season in the proportion of 5,439 against 6,891 in 1893-94. Work in
the Mirzapur district was interfered by the frequent transfers of the District Superin-
tendents, and consequently the supervision of the working staff was not altogether
satisfactory.
Summary of District Superintendents'
reports.
19. The lymph supply in the Garhwál district was of good quality, and, as
supplied from this source to the districts of the
III Circle at the commencement of the season,
gave good results. In the Cawnpore municipality, difficulty was experienced in
serving notices, and a large number of summonses under the Vaccination Act were
returned by the police, with the report that the names were not traceable. The Fateh-
pur returns show a slight increase in work in the district, and a falling off in the
municipality, due to fewer infants being available. The District Superintendent of
Bánda obtained a " running supply" of lanoline vaccine paste from Mysore estab-
lishment, and says the results far exceeded expectations; and of 426 inoculations with
the paste "416 proved successful, the resulting cicatrices being absolutely typical and
faultless." There was a considerable increase in successful operations in the Hamírpur,
Jaunpur, Azamgarh and Gorakhpur districts, and a large increase in the Basti dis¬
( 8 )
Vaccination in the hot weather and
rains.
27. Voluntary, that is altogether optional, vaccination to a limited extent was con-
tinued throughout the hot weather and rains, as in
the previous year, with a certain amount of success.
The opposition of vaccinators and others to continue the work beyond the usual season
in each district interferes with progress in this direction ; but no difficulty is anticipated
in keeping up a fresh supply of good vaccine lymph throughout the year in each
district.
Localities in which the Vaccination
Act is in force.
28. The Vaccination Act is now in force in all the municipalities and canton-
ments of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh ;
and the provisions of the Act, in view of its recent
introduction into most localities, are, on the whole, very satisfactorily carried out.
Vaccination and small-pox.
29. For the past three years, the mortality from small-pox in the united pro-
vinces has reached a minimum, and the total number
of deaths from the disease was 7,709 ; 5,992 and 4,443
in 1892, 1893 and 1894 respectively. During the same period the annual number
of successful primary vaccinations has risen from 945,364 to 1,247,704, corresponding to
annual increase of 302,340 in successful primary operations.
Relative number of successful primary
vaccinations, and of deaths from small¬
pox for a series of years.
30. The following table shows the number and ratio of successful primary vacci-
nations, and the number and ratio of deaths from
small-pox, in each district of the united provinces
for a series of 12 years.
( 14 )
Diagrams illustrating the death rate
from smallpox and indicating the re-
lation between the mortality from the
disease and protection by vaccination.
31. The diagrams which follow indicate (1) the death-rate from small-pox in
the North-Western Provinces and Oudh from 1876
to 1894, and the marked decline in the mortality
from the disease of late years; (2) the relation between
the death-rate from small-pox and the proportion of the population protected by
vaccination.
Marked progress in vaccination.
32. Marked progress in vaccination is shown (1) in securing successful vaccina-
tion over the wide area of the North-Western Pro-
vinces and Oudh, with a population of 47,146,033
souls (a large proportion of the people having until lately been actively hostile to the
operation), and (2) in the reduction of the death-rate from small-pox as indicated by
the successive annual minima of mortality from the disease. The attempt therefore
to question and depreciate the results obtained must now be silenced, as the vaccination
record has been carefully scrutinised and tested by a large and expert staff during the
past two seasons. The success secured is as satisfactorily established as that of the
great sanitary works pushed to completion in the united provinces within the past
few years. The results of arm-to-arm vaccination in these provinces are now almost
altogether successful. With a little more care and effort, and the employment of only
carefully-trained and expert vaccinators on the permanent establishment, successful
vaccination by this the safest and most satisfactory method will extend to every child
in the province. The reorganization scheme, while securing increased and adequate
supervision of the now extensive field of operations in the rural as well as the urban
area has, as a result, definitely proved the efficiency of the Vaccination Department of
the united provinces.
G. HUTCHESON, M.D.,
Sanitary Commissioner, N.-W. Provinces and Oudh.
Diagram, illustrating the death-rate from small-pox, in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, from 1876 to 1894.
( vi )
STATEMENT NO. III.—Showing Dispensary Vaccination in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, during the year 1894-95.
1
Number.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
2
District.
Dehra Dún ... ... ...
Saháranpur
...
...
...
Muzaffarnagar ... ... ...
Meerut ... ... ...
Bulandshahr ... ... ...
Aligarh ... ... ...
Muttra ... ... ...
Agra ... ... ...
Farukhabad
...
...
...
Mainpuri
...
...
...
Etáwah ... ... ...
Etah ... ... ...
Almora
...
...
...
Naini Tal ... ... ...
Bijnor
...
...
...
Moradabad ... ... ...
Budaun ... ... ...
Bareilly
...
...
...
Pilibhít ... ... ...
Sháhjáhánpur ... ... ...
Lucknow ... ... ...
Unao
...
...
...
Bara Banki ... ... ...
Sitapur ... ... ...
Hardoi ... ... ...
Kheri ... ... ...
Fyzabad ... ... ...
Bahraich ... ... ...
Gonda ... ... ...
Rae Bareli ... ... ...
Sultánpur
...
...
...
3
Number of dispensaries in
each district to which a
vaccinator is attached.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
Average number of vacci-
nators attached to dispen-
saries during the season.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
5
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
6
...
...
...
21
13
...
53
...
5
185
...
...
...
... 23
48
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
224
28
...
185
...
6
Average number of persona
vaccinated by each vacci-
nator.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
....
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
7
8
9
10
Primary vaccination.
Total.
...
6
...
...
...
21
10
...
51
...
5
184
...
...
...
...
23
48
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
224
24
...
185
...
Successful.
Under
one
year.
...
6
...
...
...
11
3
...
24
...
...
131
...
...
...
...
13
11
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
56
...
...
17
...
Over one and
under six
years.
...
...
...
...
...
6
...
...
19
...
3
36
...
...
...
...
9
19
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
133
9
...
64
...
Total of all
ages.
...
6
...
...
...
17
6
...
45
...
3
172
...
...
...
...
22
47
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
207
9
...
128
...
11
12
Re-vaccination.
Total.
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
...
2
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
...
Successful.
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
...
...
...
13
14
Percentage of success-
ful cases.
Primary.
...
100.00
...
...
...
100.00
60.00
...
88.23
...
100.00
96.09
...
...
...
95.65
95.65
97.92
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
95.83
47.37
...
79.01
...
Re-vaccination.
...
...
...
...
...
...
33.33
...
100.00
...
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
50.00
...
...
...
( vii )
32
as 34
85
36
37
88
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Partáhgarh
...
... ...
Cawnpore ... ... ...
Fatehpur ... ... ...
Allahabad ... ... ...
Bánda
...
...
...
Hamírpur
...
...
...
Jhánsi ... ... ...
Jalaua
...
...
...
Gorakhpur ... ... ...
Basti ... ... ...
Azamgarh
...
...
...
Jaunpur
...
...
...
Mirzapur
...
...
...
Benares
...
...
...
Gházipur ... ... ...
Ballia ... ... ...
Garhwál Hills ... ... ...
TOTAL FOR THE PROVINCE ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
47
... 107
...
...
98
5
...
...
176
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1,224
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
47
... 107
...
...
90
5
...
...
175
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1,205
23
... 14
...
...
55
4
...
...
20
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
388
20
... 17
...
...
15
1
...
...
51
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
402
43
... 55
...
...
79
5
...
...
76
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
920
...
...
...
...
...
8
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
19
...
...
...
...
...
8
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
14
91.49
...
88.71
...
...
88.76
100.00
...
...
51.35
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
84.79
...
...
...
...
...
100.00
...
...
...
100.00
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
73.68
Note.— No special vaccinators are attached to dispensaries in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh.
Operations performed by medical subordinates have been shown in this statement.
( 6A )
SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT A.
Showing the ratio of successful vaccinations and the ratio of deaths from small-pox per 1,000 of the population
in the districts and Municipalities of the North-Western Provinces and Qudh,for a series of years—(continued).
Number.
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
Circle.
SECOND CIRCLE(concluded).
THIRD CIRCLE.
Name of district and
Municipalities.
Rae Bareli district ...
Do.
Municipality ...
Total ...
Sultánpur district ...
Do.
Municipality ...
Total ...
Partábgarh district ...
Bela Municipality ...
Total ...
Cawnpore district ...
Do.
Municipality
...
Total ...
Fatehpur district ...
Do.
Municipality ...
Total ...
Bánda district ...
Do. Municipality ...
Total ...
Allahabad district ...
Do.
Municipality ...
Total ...
Hamírpur district ...
Jaunpur district ...
Do.
Municipality ...
Total ...
Gorakhpur district ...
Do.
Municipality ...
Total ...
Basti district
...
Population according to census of
1891.
1,017,723
18,798
1,036,521
1,067,100
8,751
1,075,851
918,488
6,486
924,974
1,045,916
163,779
1,209,695
678,978
20,179
699,157
682,761
23,071
705,832
1,371,763
162,895
1,534,658
513,720
1,222,130
42,819
1,264,949
2,930,899
63,158
2,994,057
1,785,844
1890-91.
Ratio of successful vaccina-
tions in 1890-91.
4.82
28.57
5.25
28.02
355.04
30.68
6.21
86.49
6.77
20.54
20.07
20.48
14.79
42.12
15.58
16.43
15.34
16.50
13.20
20.59
13.98
22.03
10.95
29.40
11.58
15.42
21.97
15.56
22.70
Ratio of deaths from small-
pox in 1891.
.07
.05
.07
.90
.34
.90
.29
...
.29
...
...
...
.08
...
.08
.51
.35
.50
.15
.01
.13
.06
.49
.12
.48
3.77
.96
3.71
.30
1891-92.
Ratio of successful vaccina-
tions in 1891-92.
7.46
31.07
7.89
23.60
327.50
26.07
10.27
44.40
10.51
22.48
21.86
22.39
16.22
45.05
17.06
17.30
18.51
17.34
14.16
16.50
14.40
19.62
12.62
31.22
13.25
12.90
25.65
13.17
16.42
Ratio of deaths from small-
pox in 1892.
.21
...
.21
.04
...
.04
.07
...
.07
...
...
...
.01
.10
.01
.03
.04
.03
.12
.01
.11
.01
.12
.02
.12
.64
.06
.62
.19
1892-93.
Ratio of successful vaccina-
tions in 1892-93.
17.96
48.35
18.50
15.44
73.70
15.91
21.25
47.64
21.44
23.42
24.16
23.52
20.71
64.32
21.97
18.55
17.73
18.53
13.83
37.92
10.36
25.63
16.12
37.27
17.12
15.14
35.82
15.58
12.29
Ratio of deaths from small-
pox in 1893.
.21
.11
.21
.05
...
.05
.06
...
.06
...
...
...
...
...
...
.04
.04
.04
.08
.04
.07
.02
.14
.04
.14
.13
.01
.13
.20
1893-94.
Ratio of successful vaccina-
tions in 1893-94.
32.78
58.73
33.26
10.58
40.45
10.83
23.81
16.34
23.76
24.88
27.71
25.26
28.64
50.94
29.28
19.37
38.75
20.01
16.31
32.39
18.00
31.79
17.08
37.46
17.77
16.51
27.64
16.75
17.25
Ratio of deaths from small-
pox in 1894.
.07
...
.07
.01
...
.01
.03
...
.03
.02
...
.02
.02
.05
.02
.03
...
.03
.08
.01
.08
.01
.16
.02
.15
.08
.16
.08
.21
1894-95.
Ratio of successful vaccina-
tions in 1894-95.
29.29
34.63
29.39
15.98
38.74
16.17
24.06
22.97
24.42
25.43
29.99
26.04
28.68
38.80
28.98
20.07
41.78
20.78
15.78
28.14
17.09
36.12
20.15
33.93
20.61
17.92
34.34
18.26
22.45
Ratio of deaths from small-
pox in 1805.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...