NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
42
APPENDIX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
XI.
Table showing Receipts and Expenditure on account of Manufacture in the Asylums during 1878-79.
Asylums.
Madras ... ... ... ... ...
Waltair ... ... ... ... ...
Calicut ... ... ... ... ...
Mean Population.
Males.
163.75
36.12
30.6
Females.
56.75
8.19
11.84
Total.
220.50
44.31
42.44
Average Number Employed.
Males.
136
19.33
11
Females.
40
4.91
6
Total.
176
24.24
17
Credits.
Cash received
during the
Year for
Articles sold.
Rs.
A. P.
...
55
107
5
2
5
3
Value of
Manufactured
Goods made
over to the
Asylum.
Rs.
1,494
A.
4
P.
6
...
162 3 0
Value of
Raw Materials
in Store.
Rs.
313
A.
15
P.
11
...
19 8 0
Value of
Plant and
Machinery in
Store.
Rs.
452
A.
3
P.
0
...
47 0 0
Total Credits.
Rs.
2,260
55
335
A.
7
5
13
P.
5
5
3
Asylums.
Madras
...
...
...
...
...
Waltair ... ... ... ... ...
Calicut ... ... ... ... ...
Debits.
Value of
Manufactured
Goods in Store on
1st April 1878.
Rs.
214
A.
7
P.
0
...
...
Value of
Raw Materials in
Store on
1st April 1878.
Rs.
313
A.
15
P.
11
...
15 6 0
Value of Plant
and Machinery
in Store on
1st April 1878.
Rs.
452
A.
3
P.
0
...
42 4 0
Raw Materials
purchased
and all other
Charges.
Rs.
778
A.
3
P.
6
...
136 4 0
Total Debits.
Rs.
1,758
A.
13
P.
5
...
193 14 0
Excess of Credits
or Profits.
Rs.
501
A.
10
P.
0
...
141 15 3
Excess of Debits
or Loss.
Rs.
A. P.
...
...
...
Amount of
Outstanding Bills
due to Asylum.
Rs.
A. P.
...
...
...
FORT ST. GEORGE,
30th June 1879.
(Signed)
H. R. OSWALD, M.D.,
Acting Surgeon-General, I.M.D.
43
GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS.
JUDICIAL
DEPARTMENT.
Read letter from Acting Surgeon-General H. R. OSWALD, M.D., Indian Medical
Department, to the Acting Chief Secretary to Government, dated 30th June 1879,
No. 325-A, forwarding Annual Report on Lunatic Asylums for 1878-79.
ORDER THEREON , 26th November 1879, No. 2982.
* Madras,
Vizagapatam, and
Calicut.
The Acting Surgeon-General, Indian Medical Department, submits the reports
on the working of the three* Lunatic
Asylums in this Presidency during the
year 1878-79. He compares the propor-
tion of lunatics under treatment to popu-
lation in Madras, Bengal Proper, and Scotland, and of pauper lunatics in England,
and states " nothing certain is known regarding the comparative frequency of insanity
in India and Europe," and that the great disparity in the rates given " indicates
that only a little of the subjects of insanity in India come under official cognizance."
2. The accommodation in the three asylums was sufficient for 703 inmates, but
the maximum number confined during any one night in the year did not exceed 342.
There were on the 1st April 1878 315 inmates in the asylum—
Admitted during the year 1878-79 .. .. .. .. ..
Total teated .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Cured .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
176
491
81
Transferred to friends-
Improved .. .. .. .. ..
Not improved .. .. .. .. ..
21
4
Discharged .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Total ..
25
6
112
Percentage of cured to average strength .. .. .. .. ..
Do. of deaths to
do. .. .. .. .. ..
Do. of cured to admissions .. .. .. .. ..
Do. of deaths to do. .. .. .. .. ..
25.51
21.73
46.02
39.20
The admissions and number treated were larger than in 1877-78; the recoveries, though
fewer, were above the average of the preceding five years.
3. The aggregate number of criminal lunatics was 106 against 115 in 1877-78;
18 were discharged, 20 died, and there remained at the close of 1878-79, 68 persons,
or 4 more than in the beginning of the year.
4. The number (176) of civil lunatics admitted was 26 in excess of the number
(150) in 1877-78. The increase it is noted " is not of any significance with respect
to the increase or decrease of mental disease amongst the population." Of the
admissions 20.45 were Europeans or East Indians; 62.50 per cent. Hindus; 7.38
per cent. Mahomedans; 5.68 per cent. Native Christians; and 3.97 per cent. other
castes.
13
45
10. The financial results are as follow :—
RECEIPTS.
Madras
..
..
..
Vizagapatam .. ..
Calicut
..
..
Total ..
Rs.
76,101
7,458
7,231
90,791
A.
2
14
14
14
P.
0
4
4
8
EXPENDITURE.
Madras
..
..
Vizagapatam ..
Calicut .. ..
Total ..
Rs.
76,101
7,491
7,231
90,823
A.
2
1
12
15
P.
0
5
1
6
* Madras .. ..
Vizagapatam ..
Calicut .. ..
1877-78.
Rs.
161
125
120
A.
15
5
4
P.
1
7
8
1878-79.
Rs.
181
110
111
A.
2
2
0
P.
7
7
4
Of the receipts, Rs. 75,852-2-10 were disbursed from the public treasury. The balance,
Rs. 14,839-11-10, was realised from paying patients, from manufactures, &c.
The expenditure is less in all
three asylums as compared with 1877-78.
The average cost* per patient is also less
in the Vizagapatam and Calicut Asylums,
while in the Madras Asylum there was
an increase due to increased charge for
diet and for the Superintendent's salary.
11. The reports are generally satisfactory.
(True Extract.)
C. G. MASTER,
Acting Chief Secretary.
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THE
LUNATIC ASYLUMS
IN THE
MADRAS PRESIDENCY
DURING THE YEAR
1879-80.
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY E. KEYS, AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1880.
OFFICE OF SURGEON-GENERAL, C.M.D.,
FORT ST. GEORGE, 5th July 1880.
No. 325,
From
Surgeon-General W. R. CORNISH, F.R.C.S., C.I.E.,
Civil Medical Department ,
To
R. DAVIDSON, ESQ., C.I.E.,
Chief Secretary to Government,
Judicial Department,
Fort St. George.
SIR,
I HAVE the honor to submit, for the information of His Excellency the Most
Noble the Governor in Council, the Annual Report on the Lunatic Asylums of the
Madras Presidency for 1879-80.
2. During this period there has taken place a great improvement in public health
of the general population. Food grains decreased in price, and there was a general
immunity from cholera in all parts of the country. The lunatic population in
asylums felt the influence of the changed hygienic conditions indicated by plentiful
food supplies, and absence of epidemic disease, and their physical condition as
shown by lowered death-rate had changed for the better.
3. Accommodation.—The three asylums in Madras have accommodation for
538 males and 165 females. The largest number of patients confined in any one
night during the year was 343—males 256 and females 87. It will be apparent
from this statement that there was no overcrowding during the year. The present
accommodation in fact appears to be sufficient to meet the public requirements,
especially as chronic cases are now, whenever practicable, made over to friends
willing to take charge of them.
4. General Results.—The following table shows the results as regards
recoveries and deaths in the asylums during 1879-80, as contrasted with the results
of the previous five years. The proportion of recoveries to admissions were 41.86
per cent., against 46.02 in the preceding year, but the death-rate fell from 21.73
per cent. of the daily average strength in 1878-79 to 13.45 per cent. in 1879-80.
During the three years ending 1878-79, the death-rate in the asylums had been
largely increased by the famine, and consequent ill-health of a large portion of the
persons admitted, but in the present year the mortality has fallen to its normal
rate. It must be remembered that the various forms of insanity tend inevitably to
shorten life, and that mortality amongst chronic insanes must, from the natural
progress of the disease, be always high:—
Years.
1874-75
...
...
1875-76
...
...
1876-77
...
...
1877-78
...
...
1878-79
...
...
1879-80
...
...
Percentage
of Recoveries to
Admissions.
45.29
51.97
32.55
64.66
46.02
41.86
Percentage
of Deaths to
Daily Average
Strength.
14.50
11.27
19.90
22.86
21.78
13.45
2
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
5. Criminal Lunatics.– The admissions (27) have been fewer than in the
former year. The total of this class in the asylums was 95 ; of these 22 were
discharged, 14 died, and 59 remained at the end of the year. A criminal lunatic in
India does not mean merely one who has shown violence towards his fellow men,
but includes all cases of offenders under the Penal Code, who, by reason of unsound-
ness of mind, are not brought to trial. Many of the criminal lunatics have been
sent to the asylum, because in their insane wanderings they have trespassed on
other people's property or committed petty thefts, and patients of this description
are often harmless, differing widely from the class of lunatics who have been
committed for deeds of violence against the person. The latter cannot with safety
be set at liberty, but the former class of criminals may often be restored to their
friends, who will undertake to look after them.
Years.
1877-78
...
...
1878-79
...
...
1879-80
...
...
Admitted.
Males.
22
37
26
Females.
1
5
1
Total.
23
42
27
Total Treated.
Males.
103
93
83
Females.
12
13
12
Total.
115
106
95
Discharged.
Males.
24
16
19
Females.
1
2
3
Total.
25
18
22
Died.
Males.
23
20
12
Females.
3
...
2
Total.
26
20
14
Remaining.
Males.
56
57
52
Females.
8
11
7
Total.
64
68
59
The following table shows the results for each asylum separately as regards
criminal lunatics. There is a decrease of criminals in Madras and a slight increase
in Calicut. The numbers in Vizagapatam remain the same as the last year :—
Asylums.
Madras
Vizagapatam.
Calicut
Total ...
Remained.
Males.
46
8
3
57
Females.
9
1
1
11
Total.
55
9
4
68
Admitted.
Males.
20
3
3
26
Females.
1
...
...
1
Total.
21
3
3
27
Total Treated.
Males.
66
11
6
83
Females.
10
1
1
12
Total
76
12
7
95
Discharged.
Males.
18
1
...
19
Females.
2
1
...
3
Total.
20
2
...
22
Died.
Males.
11
1
...
12
Females.
2
...
...
2
Total.
13
1
...
14
Remaining.
Males.
37
9
6
52
Females.
6
...
1
7
Total.
43
9
7
59
6. Civil Insanes.—The numbers admitted are only four less than in 1878-79,
viz., 172 instead of 176. Of these 136 were males and 36 females. The number
of Europeans and East Indians bear a larger proportion to the population of those
classes than any other class, but it is not to be inferred from this fact that insanity
is more prevalent amongst Europeans and East Indians than the indigenous
classes of the country. We have no means of judging what proportion of the
native population is of unsound mind, as, except in exceptional circumstance, they
do not send their insane into confinement. Details as to caste, sex, and place of
residence will be found in Appendix III.
Caste.
Europeans and East Indians ...
Hindus ...
...
...
...
Mahomedans ... ... ...
Native Christians
...
...
Other Castes
...
...
...
Total ...
Males.
23
80
27
5
1
136
Females.
13
19
3
1
...
36
Total.
36
99
30
6
1
172
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
5
7. Previous Occupation of Insane.—Table 4 in the Appendix gives a list of
previous occupations as far as they are known. Of 136 males no particulars could
be learnt about occupation in 27 cases, and of 36 females 23 were returned as of no
occupation and 4 as unknown. Of the male patients 19 were from a superior class
of life, and of the females 2.
8. Ages of Patients on Admission.—Insanity is a disease which shows itself most
frequently in adults in the prime of life between the ages of 20 and 40. It follows,
therefore, that the largest percentage of admissions should be of men and women
between those ages. In the year to which this report refers 73.83 per cent. of the
total admissions were at ages from 20 to 40 :—
Age.
Under 20 years
...
...
20 to 40
do. ... ...
40 to 60 do.
...
...
Upwards of 60 years
...
...
Sex.
Males ... ...
Females ... ...
Males ... ...
Females ... ...
Males ... ...
Females ... ...
Males
...
...
Females
...
...
Total Admissions...
Admitted.
6
5
106
21
22
9
2
1
172
Rate per
Cent. to Total
Admissions.
6.39
73.83
18.02
1.74
...
9. Forms of Insanity.—Full particulars are given in Appendix VI. Of the
admissions 57 or 29.50 per cent. were cases of acute mania, 67 or 9.77 per cent. of
chronic mania, 18 or 13.33 per cent. of melancholia, 9 of acute, and 7 of chronic
dementia. Idiotcy 3, puerperal mania 2. As might be expected the proportion of
recoveries was highest in the acute forms of insanity, as will be seen from the
following table:—
Puerperal mania
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Acute mania
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Acute dementia
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Melancholia
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Chronic mania
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Chronic dementia
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Observatio ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Percentage
of Recoveries
to Total
Treated under
each Head.
33.33
29.50
19.23
13.33
9.77
7.46
7.14
10. Proximate Causes of Insanity.—These, as far as can be ascertained, are
grouped under two heads, " Physical" and " Moral." Amongst the physical causes
the abuse of narcotic drugs, especially Indian hemp and opium, takes the first
place. Hereditary predisposition and epilepsy come next, and abuse of alcoholic
liquors and puerperal causes in women give the next largest number of admissions.
The forms of insanity due to abuse of narcotics are generally amenable to treatment,
and the patients for the most part do well when their habitual stimulant or narcotic
is withheld. The moral causes of insanity are more obscure, and there is greater
difficulty in accurately tracing them. " Grief," " fear," "misfortune," " family
disputes," and " desertion " are the main headings under this division. Physical
causes appear to be more common excitants of insanity than moral, and the
proportion of the former is higher than is usually found in European asylums,
2
6
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
Physical Cause
Narcotic drugs ... ... ...
Hereditary ... ... ... ...
Epilepsy
...
...
...
...
Intemperance ... ... ... ...
Puerperal ... ... ... ...
Other diseases
...
...
...
...
Fever ... ... ... ... ...
Blow on the head ... ... ...
Starvation ... ... ... ...
Syphilitic ... ... ... ...
Nymphomania ... ... ... ...
Sunstroke ... ... ... ...
Total ...
26
30
20
10
8
7
6
4
4
2
1
1
119
Moral Causes.
Grief ... ... ... ...
Fear ... ... ... ... ...
Misfortune ... ... ... ...
Family quarrel ... ... ...
Desertion of husband or wife ...
Religion
...
...
...
...
Love and jealousy ... ... ... ...
Anger
...
...
...
...
Domestic trouble ... ... ...
Infidelity ... ... ... ...
Total ...
10
8
7
5
4
4
3
2
1
1
45
11. Causes of Mortality.—The insane in India are often admitted in feeble
health, and many of them have been wandering about subject to severe privation for
weeks or months before they are admitted into asylums, and many deaths occur
from sheer wasting and debility.
There were no deaths due to epidemic disease in 1879-80.
The following table shows the causes of death :—
––
Debility
Ulceration of the intestines ... ... ...
Apoplexy
...
...
...
...
Atrophy of the nerves
... ... ...
Dilatation
...
Phthisis pulmonalis ...
...
...
Bright's disease
Males.
8
4
3
3
3
2
1
Females.
2
1
...
...
...
...
1
Total.
10
5
3
3
3
2
2
12. More Important Results in each Asylum.—The following abstract table
shows the more important results in each of the three asylums in 1879-80.
The ratio of recoveries to average strength was highest in Calicut, and of
deaths lowest in that asylum. The mortality rate was highest in Vizagapatam
(23.52 per cent.), and this result was probably due to the fact that the Northern
Districts in the early part of the year had scarcely recovered from the food scarcity,
and that there was much privation amongst the poor. The mortality to strength
in the Madras Asylum was 12.98 per cent., a ratio not above the average :—
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
7
Table showing the more Important Results in each of the three Asylums.
Asylums.
Madras ... ...
...
Vizagapatam ... ...
Calicut
...
...
...
Total ...
Remained 31st March
1879.
Males.
164
35
28
227
Females.
63
7
13
83
Total.
227
42
41
310
Admitted during the
Year.
Males.
105
14
17
136
Females.
31
2
3
36
Total.
136
16
20
172
Total Treated.
Males.
269
49
45
363
Females.
94 9
16
119
Total.
363
58
61
482
Discharged.
A.
Cured.
Males.
38
7
10
55
Females.
13
2
2
17
Total.
51
9
12
72
B.
Transferred to Friends.
Improved.
Males.
15
...
...
15
Females.
6
...
...
6
Total.
21
...
...
21
Not Improved.
Males.
...
2
...
2
Females.
...
...
...
...
Total.
...
2
...
2
C.
Otherwise.
Males.
12
...
...
12
Females.
1
...
...
1
Total.
13
...
...
13
D.
Total.
Males.
65
9
10
84
Females.
20
2
2
24
Total.
85
11
12
108
Asylums.
Madras
...
...
Vizagapatam ...
Calicut
...
...
Total ...
Died.
Males.
25
9
1
35
Females.
7
1
1
9
Total.
32
10
2
44
Remaining
31st March
1880.
Males.
179
31
34
244
Females.
67
6
13
86
Total.
246
37
47
330
Daily Average
Strength.
Males.
181.25
31.07
32.35
244.67
Females.
65.25
4.25
12.91
82.41
Total.
246.50
35.32
45.26
327.08
Daily Average
Sick.
Males.
12.75
3.65
.48
16.88
Females.
3.25
.39
.07
3.71
Total.
.16
4.04
.55
20.59
Percentage of
Cured to Daily
Average Strength.
Males.
20.96
22.52
30.91
22.47
Females.
19.92
47.05
15.49
20.62
Total.
20.68
25.48
26.51
22.01
Deaths to Daily
Average Strength.
Males.
13.79
28.96
3.09
14.30
Females.
10.72
23.52
7.74
10.92
Total.
12.98
28.31
4.41
13.45
Cured to
Admissions.
Males.
36.19
50
58.82
40.44
Females.
41.93
100
66.66
47.22
Total.
37.50
56.25
60
41.86
Deaths to
Admissions.
Males.
23.80
64.28
5.88
25.73
Females.
22.58
50
33.33
25
Total.
23.52
62.50
10
25.58
9
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
at the close of the year. The mortality was certainly high. Dr. Smith remarks in
explanation, "only hopeless and incurable cases are retained in this asylum, and
many of them are subjects of organic disease and impaired constitution, the result of
malnutrition and from mental disease, also of starvation and exposure prior to
admission."
Dr. Smith reports that occupation, recreation, appropriate diet with plenty of
fresh air are the remedies chiefly trusted to for promoting recovery. All the
deaths, he says, except two occurred amongst the non-workers.
The asylum buildings are stated to require repair, and accommodation is
required for the segregation of violent and noisy patients.
Dr. Smith speaks well of his medical subordinate (Assistant Apothecary White)
and establishment.
Financially the cost of the institution hasfallen from Rupees 7,929-8-6 in 1878-79
to Rupees 6,323-10-6 in the present year. This sum appears to include an item of
Rupees 104-6-3 for purchase of sheep, but no particulars are given to show whether
the sheep-farming in the past year has been profitable or the reverse.
Calicut.—The asylum at this station was under the charge of Surgeon-Major
Roberts throughout the year. Forty-one patients remained at the beginning of the
year. Twenty were admitted, 12 discharged cured, 2 died, and 47 remained in the
asylum at the close of the year. The general health of the inmates was good, and the
mortality low. The proportion of recoveries was fairly satisfactory. The asylum
buildings are said to be in fair repair. A scarcity of water in the dry months has
been complained of the two last years, and the wells will have to be deepened.
The patients are employed within the asylum in gardening and other suitable
occupations. A difficulty has been experienced in getting suitable warders. The
Hospital Assistant resides on the premises, and is well reported on for steadiness
and attention to his duties.
Financial.—There has been on the whole a considerable decrease in the
expenditure on Lunatic Asylums, due in part to the cheaper rates of provisions.
The following table shows the total expenditure in each asylum for 1878-79 and
1879-80:—
Madras.
1879-80.
Rs.
70,620
A.
11
P.
0
1878-79.
Rs.
76,101
A.
2
P.
0
Vizagapatam.
1879-80.
Rs.
6,323
A.
10
P.
6
1878-79.
Rs.
7,491
A.
1
P.
5
Calicut.
1879-80.
Rs.
7,550
A.
1
P.
3
1878-79.
Rs.
7,231
A.
14
P.
4
Total.
1879-80.
Rs.
84,494
A.
6
P.
9
1878-79.
Rs.
90,824
A.
1
P.
9
Against this should be shown the sums recovered and credited to Government
for dieting of paying lunatics, or Local Boards, Municipalities, and value of labor
as follows:—
—
Madras ... ... ...
Waltair ... ... ...
Calicut ... ... ...
Total ...
Paying Patients,
Municipalities,
Local Boards, and
Hospital Stop-
pages.
Rs.
9,986
1,609
278
11,874
A.
1
3
14
2
P.
0
0
8
8
Manufactures.
Rs.
658
104
A.
6
6
P.
6
3
...
762 12 9
Sale of Vegeta-
bles and Miscel-
laneous.
Rs. A.
P.
...
...
174
174
6
6
8
8
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
W. R. CORNISH,
Surgeon-General, C.M.D.
3
10
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
LUNATIC ASYLUM, MADRAS,
FOR SEVEN MONTHS ENDING 31ST OCTOBER 1879.
Remaining 1st April 1879 ... ... ... ... ...
Admitted ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Cured ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Relieved ... ... ... ...... ... ...
Transferred to England ... ... ...... ... ...
Absconded ... ... ...... ... ... ...
Died
...
...
......
...
...
...
Remaining
...
...
......
...
...
...
227
83
33
14
1
1
15
246
In giving over charge of the Madras Lunatic Asylum I have the honor to
submit the report for the seven months ending 31st October 1879.
2. No new buildings have been erected since last report, but the two latrines
in the criminal enclosure and that adjoining were removed from the main wall
10 feet, as it was found that they facilitated escapes, and since this was done none
have occurred in the criminal jail.
In vacating my post as Superintendent I think it only right to allude to the
great necessity that exists for strong cottages for violent patients which have been
sanctioned by Government, but not as yet erected for want of funds. Whenever
these may be available the secure wards for violent patients and the upper story for
the Superintendent's quarters should be put up. My experience of five and-a-half
years at the asylum convinces me that these are much wanted for the security of
the Superintendent's family and of the officials and inmates generally.
3. General condition of the asylum and its inmates is satisfactory.
The number of admissions appears to be on the increase, exceeding by 6 the
admissions during the corresponding period of last year, which was the highest
hitherto recorded, with the exception of 1871-72, when the transfer of insanes from
Trichinopoly and the Monegar Choultry took place.
The death-rate is less by 13 than that of the preceding year.
No epidemics have visited the asylum, although such were prevalent in Madras
and its suburbs. No accidents of any moment have occurred, and I am happy to
state that during the five and-a-half years I was in charge no homicide or suicide
occurred. There has been only one escape during the seven months under review,
and that of a quiet and harmless patient. The usual steps were taken to recover
him, but he has not been recaptured; however one of the two patients who escaped
last year from the criminal enclosure was brought back by a warder; as he had
recovered he was discharged.
4. The number of patients remaining under treatment on the 31st October
1879 was 246. There were 15 deaths during the seven months. Of this number
7 were above one year's residence in the asylum. Four of them were over 50 years
of age, and of these one was 80.
13
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
The two Head European Attendants, Bruce and Coleman, have worked very well
during the past seven months and gave me no trouble. I always found them honest
Withwhat was entrusted to them, and steady and careful in the performance of their
duties.
The two First-class East Indian Keepers, Muriel and Fowler, did their best to
give me satisfaction. They both hold very trying posts, for which they are very
inadequately paid.
The Steward, K. Annu Chetty, has been under me for 5½ years, first as Writer
and afterwards as Steward. He has now had considerable experience in the latter
capacity, and I consider him a good and efficient steward, and have always found
him honest and trustworthy.
The Assistant Steward, Parthasarady Naidoo, has served under me as Writer
and Assistant Steward for about 3½ years. He works hard and is attentive and
painstaking.
The Writer does his work to my satisfaction.
The Night Watchmen have of late worked well.
Of the Day Warders, Appavoo and Narrainsawmy deserve special mention for
trustworthiness and efficiency.
Several of the others work well and did their utmost to please me.
The official visitors have regularly inspected the asylum monthly.
Vaccination has been regularly performed.
I certify that the orders respecting the custody of poisonous drugs issued by
the Principal Inspector-General, Indian Medical Department, dated 23rd January
1863, were carefully carried out.
(Signed)
L. C. NANNEY, Surgeon-Major,
Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum, Madras.
MADRAS,
1st November 1879.
(True Copy.)
(Signed)
A. H. LEAPINGWELL, Surgeon,
Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum.
4