NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
36
APPENDICES.
TABLE 9.—Statement showing the number of animals treated and deaths from contagious diseases in the
Southern Shan States during the year 1931-32.
Locality.
(1)
Southern Shan States—
Western Subdivision ... ...
Yawnghwe Subdivision ...
Central Subdivision ... ...
North-Eastern Subdivision ...
South-Eastern Subdivision ...
Kengtung Subdivision ... ...
Karenni Subdivision ... ...
Total for 1931-32 ...
Total for 1930-31 ...
Bovines.
Rinderpest.
(2)
...
...
2
212
...
...
...
214
437
Foot-and-Mouth.
(3)
2,529
896
2,934
1,987
2,533
183
1,310
12,372
286
Anthrax.
(4)
...
...
9
...
...
1
...
10
14
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.
(5)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Black Quarter.
(6)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other contagious disease.
(7)
...
...
4
...
15
6
14
39
45
Other non-contagious
disease.
(8)
615
527
895
1,094
1,113
61
163
4,468
4,310
Equines
Anthrax.
(9)
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
4
...
Surra.
(10)
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
Glanders.
(11)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other contagious disease.
(12)
...
2
...
...
...
5
...
7
30
Other non-contagious
disease.
(13)
36
124
69
281
277
51
42
880
879
Number of
animals treated
and died.
Treatments.
(14)
3,180
1,549
3,913
3,574
3,938
312
1,529
17,995
6,213
Deaths.
(15)
10
5
13
142
20
28
29
247
318
Re ma r
ks .
(16)
APPENDICES.
37
TABLE 10.—Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ending 31st March 1932.
Sub-heads.
(1)
(a) Superintendence ...
(b) Circle Officers ...
(c) Subordinate Estab-
lishment.
(d) Expenses in connec-
tion with Epizootic
diseases.
(e) Veterinary Instruc-
tion.
(f) Veterinary
Re-
search.
B.—Veterinary Receipts
Total for 1931-32 ...
Total for 1930-31 ..
Expenditure.
Provincial.
Non-Voted.
(2)
Rs.
Nil
27,833
*2,038
...
...
...
...
29,871
29,272
Voted.
(3)
Rs.
51,533
29,349
3,35,693
1,15,284
27,629
33,199
...
5,92,687
5,69,464
Local.†
(4)
Rs.
...
...
39,376
...
...
...
...
39,376
39,512
Total.
(5)
Rs.
51,533
57,182
3,77,107
1,15,284
27,629
33,199
...
6,61,934
6,38,248
1930-31.
(6)
Rs.
54,254
53,662
3,85,441
95,143
20,739
29,009
...
6,38,248
...
Increase
decrease.
Over /
the
under
previous
year.
(7)
Rs.
- 2,721
+ 3,520
- 8,334
+ 20,141
+ 6,890
+4,190
...
+ 2,686
...
Receipts.
Departmental.
(8)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
1,369
1,369
1,070
Donation or
Contribution.
(9)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
20,000
20,000
...
Total.
(10)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
21,369
21,369
1,070
Remarks.
(11)
* Backward Tract Reserved Non-Voted.
† As furnished by Chairmen, District Councils and Deputy Commissioners.
G.B.C.P.O.-No. 35, D.V.S., 7-1-33—280.
REPORT
ON THE
Veterinary Department, Burma
For the Year ending 31st March 1933
Rangoon
Supdt., Govt. Printing and Stationery, Burma
Price,—Rs. 2-8 = 3s. 9d]
REPORT
ON THE
Veterinary Department, Burma
For the Year ending 31st March 1933
Rangoon
Supdt., Govt. Printing and Stationery, Burma
1933
LIST OK AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
IN BURMA.
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. Rangoon.
BISWAS & Co., 226. Lewis Street. Rangoon.
BRITISH BURMA PRESS BRANCH. Rangoon.
BURMA BOOK CLUB. LTD., Post Box No. 1068. Rangoon.
NEW LIGHT OF BURMA PRESS. 26 and 26a. Phayre Street Rangoon.
PROPRIETOR. THU DHAMA WADI PRESS, 16-80. Maung Khine Street.
Rangoon.
RANGOON TIMES PRESS. Rangoon.
THE CITY BOOK CLUB, 280. Phayre Street. Rangoon.
MESSRS, K. BIN HOON & SONS. Nyaunglebin.
MAUNG LU GALE, Law Book Depôt, 42. Ayo-o-gale. Mandalay.
CONTINENTAL TRADING CO. No. 363. Lower Main Road. Moulmein.
IN INDIA.
BOOK CO. LTD, 4/4a. College Square. Calcutta.
BUTTERWORTH & Co., (India). Ltd., Calcutta.
S. K. LAHIRI & Co., 56. College Street. Calcutta.
W NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta and Simla.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA. SONS & Co., Bombay.
Thacker & Co, Ltd, Bombay.
CITY BOOK CO., Post Box No. 283. Madras.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
MR. RAM NARAIN LAL. Proprietor. National Press. Katra, Allahabad.
In Europe and America.
The publications are obtainable either direct from The High Commis¬sioner fo
RESOLUTION
ON THE
Report of the Veterinary Department, Burma
For the year ended the 31st March 1933.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma (Ministry of Forests)
—No. 333033, dated the 15th September 1933.
READ—
The Report of the Veterinary Department, Burma, for the year ended the 31st
March 1933.
RESOLVED THAT—
The Report be published.
By order,
P. C. FOGARTY,
Secretary to the Government of Burma,
Forest Department.
INDEX
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
I.—Staff Organisation
...
... ... ...
II.—General Diseases in Animals
...
...
...
III.—Contagious Diseases (in Animals) ... ... ...
IV.—Veterinary Education
...
...
...
V.—Veterinary Research
...
...
...
...
VI.—Survey of the year's working. Results and Recommenda-
tions.
VII.—Appendices
...
...
...
...
VIII.—Maps.
IX.—Graph.
PAGE
1
3
4
6
7
10
13
REPORT
ON THE
Veterinary Department, Burma
For the Year ending the 31st March 1933.
CHAPTER I.—STAFF ORGANISATION.
Mr. D. T. Mitchell, M.R.C.V.S., Director of Veterinary Services,
held charge of the Department from the beginning of the year till the
6th July 1932, when he proceeded on nine months' leave. He was
relieved by Captain S. R. Rippon, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., Deputy Director
of Veterinary Services, South-Eastern Circle, Moulmein, who held
charge of the Department throughout the remaining part of the year.
The four Circle charges, into which the Province was previously
divided (with Arakan as an independent Sub-Circle), were reduced to
three Circles with effect from the 1st April 1932. The Central Circle
was abolished and the headquarters of the South-Western Circle was
transferred from Bassein to Prome on this date. Each of these three
Circles is sub-divided into two sub-circles making a total of seven sub-
circles in the Province.
South-Eastern
Circle.—Headquarters
at
Moulmein.
Captain
S. R. Rippon, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., remained in charge of the Circle till
the 24th June 1932, on which date he was transferred to Rangoon on
special duty prior to officiating as Director of Veterinary Services. He
was relieved at Moulmein by U Nyan Kyaw, G.B.V.C. (B.V.S., Class II),
who held charge of this circle throughout the remaining part of the
year. One Veterinary Superintendent in this Circle was in charge of
the Tenasserim and Pegu sub-circles. Eight Veterinary Inspectors,
33 Veterinary Assistants, 3 Frontier Veterinary Assistants and 1
Flying Column Veterinary Assistant, were also employed in this charge
during the year.
South-Western Circle.—Headquarters at Prome. Mr. J. Bhattacharjee,
B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., held charge of the Circle throughout the year. Two
Veterinary Superintendents with headquarters at Magwe and Bassein,
5 Veterinary Inspectors and 39 Veterinary Assistants assisted him in this
charge.
Northern Circle.—Headquarters at Mandalay. U Pe Than, G.B.V.C,
Deputy Director of Veterinary Services, remained in charge of this
circle throughout the year. He was assisted by 2 Veterinary
2
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
Superintendents with headquarters at Katha and Meiktila, which were
subsequently transferred to Shwebo and Myingyan with effect from the
22nd January 1933 and 7th March 1933 respectively. The Subordinate
Veterinary Staff employed in the Circle consisted of 6 Veterinary
Inspectors, 48 Veterinary Assistants and 1 Frontier Veterinary
Assistant.
Arakan Sub-Circle.—Headquarters
at Akyab. U Aung Tun U,
G.B.V.C., Veterinary Superintendent, remained in charge of this Sub-
Circle under the Director of Veterinary Services, Rangoon, throughout
the year. One Veterinary Inspector and 7 Veterinary Assistants
were stationed in the sub-circle.
NEW APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS IN THE DEPARTMENT.
During the year under review the following promotions were made :—
(1) U Nyan Kyaw, G.B.V.C., Veterinary Superintendent, was
temporarily appointed to be Deputy Director of Veterinary Services and
was posted to the South-Eastern Circle.
(2) U Kin, Veterinary Inspector, Mandalay, was promoted to the
Burma Veterinary Service, Class II and was placed in charge of the
Shwebo Sub-Circle.
(3) U Kyi Pe, Veterinary Inspector, Mônywa, was promoted to
the Burma Veterinary Service, Class II and was placed in charge of the
Meiktila Sub-Circle, which was subsequently changed to Myingyan
Sub-Circle.
VACANCIES IN THE DEPARTMENT.
Revised.
Class.
I ... ...
II ... ...
III Veterinary Inspectors
Veterinary Assistants
Total ...
Sanctioned
cadre.
7
15
22
144
188
Vacancies.
1
6
1
9
17
Casualties during the year.
Deaths
Retirements
Resignations
Reversions
Promotions
Removals
...
...
...
...
...
...
Veterinary
Superintendents.
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
Veterinary
Inspectors.
1
...
...
1
2
...
4
Veterinary
Assistants.
1
1
...
...
4
1
7
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH 1933.
3
CHAPTER II.—GENERAL DISEASES IN
ANIMALS.
Treatment of Animals.—The total number of non-contagious diseases
treated during the year by the Subordinate Veterinary Staff of this
Department amounted to 30,719, an average of 19.4 cases per assistant
per month. A considerable decrease is. shown compared with the
figures of the past two years 1930-31 and 1931-32, viz. :—78,571 and
62,013, respectively owing to the smaller Veterinary Staff available for
general duties, reduction of touring in the absence of contagious disease,
and also to the increase of outbreaks of epizootic disease during the
year.
The Local Government sanctioned the introduction of new Veterinary
forms during the year and these will be introduced for departmental
use with effect from 1st April 1933, in supersession of the old C.V.D.
forms.
DISPENSARIES AND HOSPITALS.
There were two Veterinary Dispensaries in the province during the
year in addition to a Veterinary Hospital at the Insein Veterinary
College.
(1) Insein Veterinary Hospital.—The total number of animals treated
was 2,960, and the total number of attendances was 7,128, giving daily
averages of 8.11 and 19.5 respectively. Only 35 in-patients were
admitted into the hospital during the year as the accommodation,
originally allocated for the in-patients, is now mainly utilised for
research purposes.
The following are the diseases which were treated at the Insein
Hospital:—
Diseases.
Digestive (excluding worms)
Respiratory
Urinary
Generative
Nervous
Skin
Eye
Ear
Worms
Wounds
Lameness
Rinderpest
...
...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
Foot-and-mouth ...
Rabies
... ...
Number of
cases during
the year
1932-33.
576
95
21
187
44
318
122
80
368
497
50
10
125
16
Diseases.
Surra ... ...
Tetanus ... ...
Canine Distemper
Demodectie Mange ...
Sarcoptic Mange ...
Piroplasmosis ...
Filaria Lachrymatis ...
Diro Filaria Immitis ...
Canine typhoid ...
Other diseases ...
Total for the year ...
Number of
oases during
the year
1932-33.
9
6
65
6
6
2
10
2
3
342
2,960
4
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
Under the recent orders of Government small fees are being charged
at the Veterinary Hospital, Insein, to well-to-do owners of animals for
treatment. It is anticipated that revenue from this source will average
about Rs. 100 per mensem.
Myingyan Dispensary.—This dispensary was closed down on the 15th
August 1932. The total number of cases treated up to the period
ending 15th August 1932 was 746 out of which 109 animals, not brought
to the Dispensary, were supplied with medicines.
Pakôkku Dispensary.—This dispensary was also closed down with
effect from the 1st of January 1933. The number of cases treated from
the beginning of the year up to the date on which it was closed down,
was 662. In addition to these cases, medicine was supplied to 393
cases, which were not brought to the hospital.
CHAPTER III.—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Rinderpest.—This disease was continuously present during the greater
part of the year in the majority of the districts of the province, the
following being the exceptions :—
Kyaukpyu, Sandoway, Akyab, Kyauksè, Amherst, Salween, Tavoy,
Mergui, Upper Chindwin, Bhamo, Myitkyina. The latter 8 districts
remained free from the disease.
The heaviest mortality, which is shown in brackets as per 1,000 of
the total cattle population of the District, occurred in the following
districts:—Magwe 4,661 (14), Toungoo 1,971 (13), Thayetmyo 2,162
(10), Myaungmya 1,032 (10), Minbu 1,641 (8) and Myingyan 1,011 (3).
The period of greatest mortality during the year was from April to
August rising to a peak in July and falling rapidly in the cold weather,
October-January.
The incidence of the disease was as usual heaviest along the routes
of communication used by cattle traders from the breeding areas of
the dry zone to the delta.
The outlying and more inaccessible districts showed only a slight
infection, which indicates that most of the rinderpest present in Burma,
is produced within the Province by movements of infected or suscept-
ible animals. This is illustrated in the map accompanying this
report.
Foot-and-mouth disease.—Affected practically all districts during the
year, the Salween district alone remaining free from infection.
The disease was comparatively mild and the total mortality
amounted to 204.
Anthrax.—Occurred throughout the year in many districts in enzootic
form, the greatest incidence being in the coastal and riverine areas.
Akyab, Sandoway, and Tavoy showed the heaviest mortality.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH 1933.
5
Many cases of this disease are not identified as anthrax at death, as
the affected animals usually die suddenly without previous symptoms.
It is impossible to get blood smears in most cases but tips of the ears
are now being forwarded through the Veterinary Assistants to the
Insein Laboratory and on these a diagnosis is being made.
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia.—Occurred in epizootic form during the
year in many districts and accounted for a mortality of 1,575.
Akyab, Kyaukpyu, Amherst, Thatôn, Tavoy, Mergui, Toungoo,
Myaungmya and Bassein showed the highest mortality.
Black quarter.—Was present during the year in many of the coastal
and riverine districts. The heaviest mortality occurred in Kyaukpyu,
Pyapôn, Myaungmya and Bassein.
Surra.—Occurred in Tavoy, Toungoo, Katha, Myitkyina and Bhamo
but only in localised outbreaks in equines with a small mortality.
Glanders.—Was suspected in Bhamo and Pakôkku Districts but was
only confirmed in Bhamo District in two cases.
Epizootic Lymphangitis.—One case of this disease was diagnosed at
the Insein Veterinary Research Laboratory from the Yamèthin
District.
PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Table 6 gives the number of inoculations performed in this
province during the year.
Rinderpest.—In the year under report 191,704 animals were inocu-
lated by the serum alone method against 107,120 during 1931-32. The
increase was due to larger number of outbreaks as compared with the
previous year and the concentration of all available staff on out-
breaks of contagious diseases.
The inoculations in each major charge were as follows :—
South-Eastern Circle
South-Western Circle
Northern Circle
Arakan Sub-Circle
...
...
...
...
Total
...
...
...
...
...
31,794
105,201
54,035
674
191,704
In addition to the above 1,448 sheep were inoculated in the Northern
Circle.
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia.—Two thousand seven hundred and
ninety-six bovines in Amherst District and 1,051 bovines in Kyaukpyu
District were also inoculated with Haemorrhagic Septicaemia vaccine
prepared at the Veterinary Research Laboratory at Insein. The result
from these inoculations was very successful and no deaths were
recorded subsequent to the inoculation. The vaccine gives a very
strong immunity lasting for several months which effectively protects
against natural infection.
6
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
Anthrax.—One thousand four hundred and ninety-seven bovines,
279 equines and 306 elephants were inoculated with anthrax spore
vaccine with very successful results.
Elephant inoculation by Private Owners.—During the year under
review 2,297 elephants were inoculated by the timber firms and contrac-
tors. These inoculations were carried out by the Firms' Assistants.
The results of these anti-anthrax inoculations are considered to be
very satisfactory as the inoculations produced efficient protection with
very few local or general reactions.
CHAPTER IV.—VETERINARY EDUCATION.
(a) The Veterinary College, Insein.—Mr. G. Pfaff, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S.,
was in additional charge of the College throughout the year, except for
the period from 1st May 1932 to 11th June 1932, when he proceeded to
Mandalay to attend a course of Instruction in Departmental subjects.
During this period Mr. J. Smith, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., Field Veterinary
Research Officer held charge of the duties of the Principal of the
College.
U San Hla, Assistant Principal was attached to the Veterinary
College throughout the year and was assisted by one Veterinary
Inspector and two Veterinary Assistants.
(b) Refresher Course.—No course was held during the year under
report, as all Veterinary Assistants have now completed this course.
When conditions permit, Veterinary Inspectors will be called up in
batches for a course of instruction.
(c) Veterinary Education.—No action has yet been taken on the
proposals before Government for the training of future recruits to the
Class II and III Services at the Veterinary College, Insein. In view of
the financial position it is doubtful whether the staffing and opening of
the College will be possible for some years to come.
In the meantime it will be essential to make provision to fill vacan-
cies which arise in the existing depleted staff through retirement, etc.,
and if funds are not available for training recruits in Burma, proposals
for having this done at one of the Indian Veterinary Schools will be
submitted to Government during the coming year.
(d) Veterinary Instruction in the Districts.—Lectures were delivered
on different veterinary subjects by the subcrdinate staff in the course of
their ordinary and special tours. This propaganda is reported to have
had a beneficial effect on the cattle owners and is being continued by
all members of the veterinary staff while on tour.
Leaflets and Bulletins.—Under previous orders of Government the
following leaflets were printed and issued by this Department during
the earlier part of the year under report :—
(1) Leaflet No. 5.—Cow Pox (variola vaccines). (In English
and Burmese).
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH. 1933.
7
(2) Leaflet No. 6.—Mange (Scabies, Itch). (In English and
Burmese).
(3) Leaflet No. 7.—General measures for dealing with Con-
tagions Diseases. (In English and Burmese).
(4) Leaflet No. 8.—Disease which caused many deaths in cattle
in the beginning of the year. (In English and Burmese).
(5) Leaflet No. 9.—Goat Pox and Sheep Pox. (In English and
Burmese.)
(6) Leaflet No. 10.—Spread of Contagious disease as a result
of animal movements in the township. (In English and Burmese.)
(7) Leaflet No. 11.—Prevention of contagious diseases in
animals by inoculation. (In English and Burmese.)
(8) Leaflet No. 12.—Prevention of disease in animals by the
proper disposal of carcases. (In English and Burmese).
In view of the decision of the Government, as a measure
of economy, to postpone the publication, printing and distribution of
Departmental leaflets, this work had to be discontinued before its
effects had time to become apparent. It is hoped, however, that the
publication of Departmental Leaflets on prevention of disease in animals
will be resumed shortly, as it is believed that considerable good would
result from distribution of these leaflets among cattle owners and
cultivators.
CHAPTER V—VETERINARY RESEARCH.
1.—LABORATORY RESEARCH.
Staff.—Except for the period from 1st May to 11th June 1932, Mr.
G. Pfaff, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., held charge of the Veterinary Research
Laboratory.
Mr. J. Smith, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., Veterinary Research Officer, with
headquarters at Insein, carried out the duties of Field Veterinary
Research Officer throughout the year. In addition to this he held
additional charge of the duties of the Veterinary Research Officer and
Principal of the Veterinary College, Insein, during the period from 1st
May to 11th June 1932.
One Veterinary Superintendent was attached to the Laboratory
throughout the year, except for a temporary period, when a Veterinary
Inspector was appointed to carry out the duties.
The old incinerator situated in the compound of the Veterinary
College at Insein, which was extremely inefficient and was a constant
source of complaint from surrounding residents, was pulled down and
was replaced by a more efficient one at a total cost of Rs. 2,344.
During the year 10 222 acres of land, adjoining the laboratory
grounds, were acquired ; 8.982 acres are being used as paddocks for
experimental animals and the remainder on which the sewage effluent
8
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
is emptied, has been drained and terraced and is being utilized for the
planting of fodder crops. This with the suitable parts of the newly
acquired area, which have been planted with guinea grass, will be a
valuable supplement to the animal rations throughout the year.
The laboratory subscribed to 20 periodicals, and 18 books were
purchased and added to the reference library.
Routine work.—Smear examination. During the year 686 blood and
tissue smears were examined, of these 441 were submitted by the
veterinary staff and 245 by timber firms. Eighty-nine smears were
diagnosed as follows :—
Anthrax ...
Surra ...
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
Filaria Immitis ...
Fowl cholera ...
Piroplasmosis ...
Epizootic Lymphangitis ...
Tuberculosis ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
30
44
4
2
3
4
1
1
89
Faeces.—Three hundred and eighty samples of Faeces were examined
for eggs of Helminths and adults.
Post mortem.—Post mortem examinations were carried out on 9
carcases sent to the laboratory.
Ears.—Thirty-four dried strips of ears, suspected of anthrax were
received and examined bacteriologically in the laboratory during the
year under report.
Skin-scrapings.—Six cases of skin-scrapings were examined for ecto-
parasites during the year.
Examination of food-stuffs.—Sixty-three specimens of hay, grain, etc.,
were examined for various owners of horses, including samples from the
Pyawbwè Stud Farm.
Anthrax vaccine.—Eight housand two hundred and seventy-six doses,
of Anthrax vaccine were issued for the immunisation of elephants, horses,
cattle and buffaloes against this disease during the year with very good
results. Experiments are being carried out to ascertain the duration of
the immunity conferred by this vaccine on the various domesticated
animals.
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia.—Four thousand two hundred and sixty-
one doses of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia vaccine, which were prepared at
the laboratory, were issued for immunisation of buffaloes.
Fowl pox.—Seventy-five doses of Pigeon Pox vaccine for the immuni-
sation of poultry were prepared and issued by the laboratory on an
experimental basis during the year.