NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
45
APPENDIX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
X.
Statement showing the Sanctioned Establishment of Lunatic Asylums as they stood on
31st March 1881.
Establishment.
Superintendent
...
...
...
...
Apothecary, First Class ... ... ...
Assistant Apthecary, First Class ...
Civil Apothecary
...
...
...
...
Second-class Hospital Assistant ...
Europeans Keepers ... ... ...
Native Head Warder ... ... ...
Matron
...
...
...
...
Steward ... ... ... ...
Assistant Steward ... ... ...
Writer ... ... ... ...
First-class European or East Indian Keepers.
First-class Native Warders
...
...
Second-class
do. ... ...
Third-class
do.
...
...
Overseer
... ... ... ... ...
Head
Duffadar
...
...
...
...
Second do. ... ... ... ...
Night Watch women ... ... ...
First-class Female Keeper
...
...
Second-class
do
...
...
...
Third-class
do ... ... ...
Night Watch men
...
...
...
...
Cook for Europeans
...
...
...
Cookmate
...
...
...
...
Cookwoman ... ... ... ...
Waterman
...
...
...
...
...
Waterwoman
...
...
...
...
Washerman ... ... ... ...
Do.
...
...
...
...
...
Barber ... ... ... ... ...
Tailor
...
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
...
...
...
...
Toty for night-duty ... ... ...
Do. for day-duty ... ... ...
Do.
do ... ... ... ...
Do.
do. ... ... ...
Toty woman for night-duty
...
...
Do.
for day-duty
...
...
Gate-keeper, female ... ... ...
Daily average number of males ... ...
Do.
do.
of females ...
Proportion
of
Male-keepers to males ...
Female-keepers to females.
Madras.
Number.
1
1
...
1
...
2
...
1
1
1
1
2
...
4
28
...
...
...
6
1
3
8
4
1
1
1
...
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
6
4
1
4
1
Monthly
Wages.
Rs.
650
275
A.
0
0
P.
0
0
...
50 0 0
...
100 0 0
...
60
70
30
15
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
...
36
196
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
48
8
18
40
21
8
4
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
3
12
8
11
12
10
15
14
36
20
5
16
6
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
192.5
68.0
1 to 6
1 to 6
Vizagapatam.
Number.
1
...
1
...
...
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
1
2
5
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
...
...
1
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
...
1
...
Monthly
Wages.
Rs.
50
A.
0
P.
0
...
130 0 0
...
...
50
25
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
...
...
9
16
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
...
7 0 0
...
5 0 0
...
...
...
6
10
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
10 0 0
...
4 0 0
...
32.41
5.84
1 to 6
1 to 6
Calicut.
Number.
1
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
...
3
1
1
1
2
...
4
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
2
...
Monthly
Wages.
Rs.
50
A.
0
P.
0
...
...
...
40 0 0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
24 0 0
...
21
18
13
10
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
...
24 0 0
...
...
...
...
6 0 0
...
...
...
6 0 0
...
...
...
...
...
24 0 0
...
...
8 0 0
...
36.07
16.31
1 to 6
1 to 6
Total.
Number
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
6
36
1
1
1
8
2
7
9
4
1
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
10
6
1
7
1
Monthly
Wages.
Rs.
750
275
130
50
40
150
25
60
70
30
15
30
33
52
252
18
13
10
64
15
42
45
24
8
4
19
10
3
12
14
11
12
10
15
14
60
30
5
28
6
A.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
260.98
90.15
6
6
12
46
APPENDIX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
XI.
Statement showing Receipts and Expenditure on account of the Manufactures in the Lunatic Asylums during 1880-81.
1
Asylums.
Madras ... ...
Vizagapatam ... ...
Calicut ... ...
Asylums.
Madras ... ...
Vizagapatam ... ...
Calicut
...
..
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Credit.
Mean Population.
Males.
176
32.41
36.07
Female.
67
5.84
16.31
10
Total.
243
38.25
52.38
11
Average Number Employed.
Males.
144
27
17
Females.
51
4
9
12
Total.
195
31
26
13
Cash paid into
the Treasury
during this
Year for
Articles sold.
Rs.
A.
P.
...
...
80 11 7
14
Value of
Manufactured
Goods made
over to Asylum
for Asylum
purposes.
Rs.
1,04
A.
11
P.
1
...
173 12 0
15
Value of Raw
Materials in
Store at the
end of the
Year.
Rs.
82 1
A.
4
P.
0
...
30 0 0
16
Value of
Manufactured
Goods in Store
at the end of
the Year.
Rs.
152
A.
15
P.
2
...
9 0 0
17
Value of
Plant and
Machinery in
Store at the
of the Year.
Rs.
452
A.
3
P.
0
...
59 0 0
18
Total Credits.
Rs.
1,737
A.
11
P.
3
...
352 7 7
19
Debit.
Value of
Manufactured
Goods in Store
on 1st April
1881.
Rs.
152
A.
15
P.
2
..
...
Value of
Raw Materials
in Store on
1st April 1881.
Rs.
82
A.
14
P.
0
...
22 8 0
Value of
Plant and
Machinery in
Store on 1st
April 1881.
Rs.
452
A.
3
P.
0
...
56 0 0
Raw Materials
purchased
and all other
Charges.
Rs.
442
A.
8
P.
0
...
193 8 0
Contingencies of
Manufactures,
viz., Indulgences
to Lunatics as
Reward for
Work, &c.
Rs.
A.
P.
...
...
...
Charges for
Work done
by the Public
Works Department.
Rs.
A
P.
...
...
...
Total Debit.
Rs.
1,130
A.
8
P.
2
...
272 0 0
Excess of
Credit or
Profit.
Rs.
607
A.
3
P.
1
...
80 7 7
Excess of
Debit or Loss.
Rs.
A.
P.
...
...
...
Net Profit as
per Memoran-
dum at foot.
Rs.
1,295
A.
3
P.
3
...
158 15 7
Memorandum of Actual Profit.
Profits as per above table, column 17 ...
Difference of raw materials in store ...
Total ...
Difference of manufactured goods in store ...
Total ...
Difference of plant and machinery in store ...
Total Net Profit ...
Madras.
Rs.
607
82
690
152
843
452
1,295
A.
3
14
1
15
0
3
3
P.
1
0
1
2
3
0
3
Vizagapatam.
Rs.
A. P.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Calicut.
Rs.
80
22
102
A.
7
8
15
P.
7
0
7
...
102
56
158
15
0
15
7
0
7
47
GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS.
JUDICIAL
DEPARTMENT.
From Surgeon-General W. R. CORNISH, F.R.C.S., C.I.E., Surgeon-General with the
Government of Madras, to the Chief Secretary to Government, dated Ootacamund,
14th September 1881, No. 0-122 [Current No. 2723].
ABSTRACT.—Forwards Medical Officers' reports on the Lunatic Asylums for 1880-81.
ORDER THEREON, 6th December 1881, No. 2499.
The Surgeon-General with the Government of Madras submits the annual report
on the Lunatic Asylums of the Presidency for the year 1880-81.
2. The more important results in all three Asylums, for the year under review
contrasted with the previous year, are shown below :—
—
Remaining at the beginning of the
year.
Admitted .. .. .. ..
Total Treated
..
Deduct —
Died
..
..
..
..
Discharged—
1. Cured .. .. ..
2. Transferred to friends
(a.) Improved
..
(b.) Not improved ..
3. Otherwise .. .. ..
Total Discharges ..
Total Deductions ..
Remained at the end of the year ..
Daily average strength .. ..
„ „ sick .. .. ..
1879-80.
Males.
227
136
363
35
55
15
2
12
84
119
244
244.67
16.88
Females.
83
36
119
9
17
6
..
1
24
33
8
82.41
3.71
Total.
310
172
482
44
72
21
2
13
108
152
6
327.08
20.59
1880-81.
Males.
244
137
381
35
57
13
..
10
80
115
266
260.98
22.40
Females.
86
45
131
10
18
6
..
..
24
34
97
90.15
10.42
Total.
330
182
512
45
75
19
..
10
104
149
363
351.13
38.82
Notwithstanding the increase in the number of patients treated during the year
the accommodation in the Asylums was sufficient. Efforts, it is observed, are being
made to keep down the accumulation of chronic cases of a harmless character by
relegating them to the care of friends willing to undertake the responsibility.
3. The proportion of recoveries to admissions in 1880-81 was 41.20 per cent.,
and of deaths to daily average strength 12.81. The general rate of mortality was
much below the average of the five preceding years, while a considerable improvement
13
49
Probably District Officers and local authorities
might be able to direct the attention of
friends and relatives of the insane to the
advantages of early removal to an Asylum in
cases coming under their observation.
* 1879-80 ..
1880-81 ..
Recoveries.
Rs.
11,874
15,215
Manufactures
and
Miscellaneous.
Rs.
937
1,640
Total.
Rs.
12,811
16,855
average monthly cost for a European
patient was Rs. 18-6-9 against Rs. 26 in
the previous year, and of a native patient
Rs. 9-8-3 against Rs. 14-13-11, rates lower
than in any previous year. The Govern-
ment also remark that the recoveries* for
dieting patients and the proceeds from
manufactures in Asylums have been larger
than in any preceding year.
The report is on the whole very satis-
factory.
(True Extract.)
R. DAVIDSON,
Chief Secretary.
OFFICE OF SUERGEON-GENERAL
WITH GOVT. OF MADRAS,
OOTACAMUND, 7th July 1881.
No.O/40.
From
W. R. CORNISH, Esq., F.R.C.S., C.I.E.,
Surgeon-General with the Government of Madras,
To
C. G. MASTER, Esq.,
Acting Chief Secretary to Government,
Judicial Department.
SIR,
I HAVE the honor to forward, for the consideration of the Honorable the
Governor in Council, the reports of the Medical Officers in charge of Lunatic
Asylums in this Presidency for the year 1880-81, with my own observations, on
asylum administration during the year.
2. Accommodation.—The asylum accommodation is sufficient for 538 males and
165 females, total 703. The largest number of patients confined on any one night
of the year was males 278, females 95, total 373. These numbers show an advance
of 30 over the largest number of the preceding year. Efforts are made to keep down
the accumulation of chronic cases of a harmless character by relegating them to
care of friends, when the latter can be found and are willing to undertake the
responsibility of looking after their demented relatives. The natives of India do
not readily send their insane relatives to a public asylum. The earlier signs of
insanity are often overlooked or disregarded, and it is only when the conduct of
the insane comes under notice of the Police or Magistrates that the asylums are
thought of. On this account the demand for asylum accommodation is not likely
to increase very fast, and the present buildings are quite adequate to immediate
necessities.
GENERAL RESULTS.
3. The abstract table below shows the general results of treatment as com-
pared with similar figures of preceding years.
The proportion of recoveries to admissions in 1880-81 was 41.20 per cent, and
of deaths to daily average strength 12.81. The recoveries were nearly in the same
proportion as in 1879-80 and the general rate of mortality somewhat less and
much below the average of the five preceding years. So far as the general physical
condition of lunatics was concerned, there was a great improvement in their condi-
tion in comparison with the past years of scarcity and famine :—
Years.
1875-76 ... ... ...
1876-77
...
...
...
1877-78
...
...
...
1878-79
...
...
...
1879-80...
...
...
1880-81
...
...
...
Percentage of
Recoveries to
Admissions.
51.97
32.55
64.66
46.02
41.86
41.20
Percentage
of Deaths to
Daily Average
Strength.
11.27
19.90
22.86
21.73
13.45
12.81
1
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THE
LUNATIC ASYLUMS
IN THE
MADRAS PRESIDENCY
DURING THE YEAR
1881-82.
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY E. KEYS, AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1882.
OFFICE OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL
WITH THE GOVT. OF MADRAS,
OOTACAMUND, 7th July 1882.
No.O/331.
From
W. R. CORNISH, ESQ., F.R.C.S., C.I.E.,
Surgeon-General with the Government of Madras,
To
THE HONORABLE C. G. MASTER,
Chief Secretary to Government,
Judicial Department.
SIR,
I HAVE the honor to submit, for the information of the Right Honorable the
Governor in Council, the reports of the Superintendents of Lunatic Asylums in this
Presidency, with my own remarks, on Asylum Administration for the year ending
31st March 1882.
2. Accommodation.—The asylum accommodation in this Presidency is sufficient
for about 700 lunatics. The largest number confined on any one night during the
past year was 411. This exceeded the maximum of the previous year by 38, and
within the last few months I have noticed, especially in the Madras Asylum, that
numbers are somewhat rapidly increasing. The present accommodation, however,
is more than sufficient for present demands, and will continue so for some years
to come, or until the Native population more readily avail themselves of the
security of asylums for their demented relatives.
GENERAL RESULTS.
3. The abstract table below shows the general results in regard to recoveries
and deaths. The proportion of recoveries to admissions was slightly lower than
in former years, being 37.7 per cent. against 41.5 in the two former years. The
rate of mortality was lower than in any former year, being only 9 per cent. of the
average daily strength, and this rate must be considered an exceptionally low one in
an asylum. Insanity in its various forms, with associated diseases, tends very
decidedly to shorten life:—
Years.
1876-77
..
..
..
1877-78
..
..
..
1878-79
..
..
..
1879-80
..
..
..
1880-81
..
..
..
1881-82
..
..
..
Percentage of
Recoveries to
Admissions.
32.55
64.66
46.02
41.86
41.20
37.71
Percentage of
Deaths to Daily
Average Strength.
19.90
22.86
21.73
13.45
12.81
9.02
4. Criminal Lunatics.—The number of this class of insane persons received
for safe custody during the year was 28 (males 25, females 3). Adding the num-
bers received during the year to those present on 31st March 1881, the total is 105.
4
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
Of these 105 criminal lunatics, 14 were discharged and 4 died during the year,
leaving 73 remaining (males 63, females 10):—
Criminal Lunatics.
Years.
1879-80
..
..
..
1880-81
..
..
..
1881-82
..
..
..
Admitted.
Males.
26
32
25
Females.
1
1
3
Total.
27
33
28
Total Treated.
Males.
83
84
81
Females.
12
8
10
Total.
95
92
91
Discharged.
Males.
19
19
14
Females.
3
1
..
Total.
22
20
14
Died.
Males.
12
9
4
Females.
2
..
..
Total.
14
9
4
Remaining.
Males.
52
56
63
Females.
7
7
10
Total.
59
63
73
5. The following table shows the distribution of the criminal insane in the
three asylums. It will be seen that 49 remained in the Madras Asylum at the end
of the year against 42 in the previous year; 11 in Waltair against 10 in 1880-81;
and 13 in Calicut against 11 on 31st March 1881 :—
Asylums.
Madras .. .. ..
Waltair .. .. ..
Calicut .. .. ..
Total ..
Remained.
Males.
37
9
10
56
Females.
5
1
1
7
Total.
42
10
11
63
Admitted.
Males.
15
4
6
25
Females.
3
..
..
3
Total.
18
4
6
28
Total Treated.
Males.
52
13
16
81
Females.
8
1
1
10
Total.
60
14
17
91
Discharged.
Males.
9
1
4
14
Females.
..
..
..
..
Total.
9
1
4
14
Died.
Males.
2
2
..
4
Females.
..
..
..
..
Total.
2
2
..
4
Remaining.
Males.
41
10
12
63
Females.
8
1
1
10
Total.
49
11
13
73
6. Civil Lunatics.—The admissions of this class were not quite so numerous as
in the preceding year, the numbers being 175 (males 132, females 43) against 182
in 1880-81; of these 39 were Europeans and East Indians. The proportion of
insane to population in these classes is probably not greater than in the various
sections of the native community, but the mentally affected are more readily
brought to asylums :—
Caste.
Europeans and East Indians ..
Hindus .. .. ..
..
Mahomedans .. ..
..
..
Native Christians ..
..
..
Other Castes .. .. .. ..
Total ..
Males.
29
68
25
7
3
132
Females.
10
18
8
6
1
43
Total.
39
86
33
13
4
175
7. Previous Occupations of Insanes.—Of the 175 admissions 28 were Military
men. It has been noticed in previous reports that erratic conduct in the army is
early detected and the insane brought under observation.
The great bulk of the people are returned as of " no occupation," or " occupa¬
tion unknown," " beggars," " cultivators and domestic servants." The particulars
are given in Table IV.
8. Ages of the Lunatics on Admission.—The following table shows the ages of
lunatics on admission. It bears out the observations of former years that lunacy
develops mostly in the prime of life, between the ages of 20 and 40:—
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
5
Age.
Under 20 years
..
..
20 to 40 do.
..
..
40 to 60 do.
..
..
Upwards of 60 years
..
Sex.
Males .. ..
Females .. ..
Males .. ..
Females .. ..
Males .. ..
Females .. ..
Males .. ..
Females .. ..
Total Admissions ..
Admitted.
5
1
87
25
36
16
4
1
175
Rate per
Cent. to Total
Admissions.
3.42
64.00
29.71
2.85
..
9. Forms of Insanity.—Statement VI gives the particulars under this head. Of
acute mania 119 cases were treated; of chronic mania 205 ; of melancholia 54;
of acute dementia 43 ; of chronic dementia 75 ; of paralysis of the insane 2; of
idiocy 17 ; of imbecility 5; of puerperal mania 5. The proportions of recoveries
to treated under the various forms of insanity are shown in the following abstract;
these proportions correspond very closely with the results observed in previous
years. The more recent the attack of insanity, the greater is the probability of
recovery:—
Puerperal mania .. .. .. .. .. ..
Acute mania
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Do. dementia .. .. .. .. .. ..
Melancholia .. .. .. .. .. ..
Chronic mania .. .. .. .. .. ..
Do. dementia .. .. .. .. .. ..
Proportion
of Recoveries
to Total
Treated under
each Head.
40.00
26.89
13.95
11.11
8.29
2.66
10. Proximate Causes of Insanity.—The alleged causes of insanity are classified
as physical and moral. Under the former head 131 of the admissions are classed
and under the latter 57. These alleged causes are not always to be impli-
citly accepted, but roughly they seem to show that in this country insanity is more
often produced by physical than moral causes. Amongst the physical causes the
abuse of narcotic drugs, and particularly of gunja or Indian hemp, accounts for
the largest number of admissions. Insanity in the ranks of the Native Army is
largely due to this cause, and the patients, if secluded in time and the exciting
cause be withheld, generally recover. The list of alleged causes is given below :—
Physical Causes.
Narcotic drugs .. .. .. ..
Intemperance .. .. .. ..
Epilepsy ..
..
.. .. ..
Congenital .. .. .. ..
Hereditary .. .. .. ..
Other diseases .. .. .. ..
Puerperal
..
.. .. ..
Starvation .. .. .. ..
Fever .. .. .. ..
Disease of brain.. .. .. ..
Blow on the head .. .. ..
Syphilitic .. .. .. ..
Sunstroke
..
.. .. ..
Fall
..
..
..
..
..
Nymphomania .. .. .. ..
Total ..
26
17
16
15
13
12
7
5
4
4
4
3
3
1
1
131
Moral Causes.
Grief
..
..
..
..
..
Misfortune .. .. .. ..
Fear
..
..
..
..
..
Family quarrel ..
..
..
..
Religion ..
..
..
..
..
Domestic trouble .. ..
..
..
Love and jealousy .. .. ..
Desertion of husband or wife .. ..
Infidelity .. .. .. ..
Anger
..
..
..
..
..
Total . .
18
10
9
5
5
3
3
2
1
1
57
2
6
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
11. Causes of Mortality.—There were altogether 34 deaths in the three
asylums, and of these 11 were due to bowel-affections, viz., dysentery and diarrhoea.
Phthisis is a disease very common amongst the insane, and 6 deaths resulted
from this cause.
Two deaths occurred from general paralysis of the insane, a rather rare form
of insanity in India, but always a fatal disease. The remaining deaths were due
to erysipelas, epilepsy, pneumonia, apoplexy, debility and general decay of vital
power. All the asylums were happily free of epidemic disease in any form.
Dysentery .. .. .. ..
Phthisis pulmonalis ..
..
..
General debility .. .. ..
Diarrhœa .. .. .. .. ..
General atrophy .. .. .. ..
General dropsy .. .. .. ..
Paralysis of the insane
Males.
8
5
3
2
2
2
2
Females.
1
1
..
..
1
..
..
Total.
9
6
3
2
3
2
2
GENERAL RESULTS IN EACH ASYLUM.
12. The following table shows the more important results in regard to each
asylum. It will be observed that the mortality was very heavy in the Waltair
Asylum, being in the ratio of 34.5 per cent. to daily strength, while in Madras the
ratio was only 6.01 per cent. and in Calicut 8.3 per cent. The Medical Officer
accounts for this by stating that only hopeless and incurable cases are detained in
the asylum, and it follows that mortality amongst such cases must be always very
high. The small asylum at Waltair shows also a large percentage of recoveries to
admissions, but the numbers are so small that no comparison can be instituted of
results in this and the larger institution of Madras.
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
7
Table showing the more Important Results in each of the three Asylums.
Asylums.
Madras .. .. ..
Vizagapatam .. ..
Calicut .. .. ..
Total ..
Remained
31st March 1881.
Males.
195
34
37
266
Females.
72
7
18
97
Total.
267
41
55
363
Admitted during
the Year.
Males.
95
8
29
132
Females.
30
6
7
43
Total.
125
14
36
175
Total Treated.
Males.
290
42
66
398
Females
102
13
25
140
Total.
392
55
91
538
Discharged.
A.
Cured.
Males.
28
5
13
46
Females.
11
3
6
20
Total.
39
8
19
66
B.
Transferred to Friends.
Improved.
Males.
14
..
1
15
Females.
8
..
1
9
Total.
22
..
2
24
Not Improved.
Males.
..
..
..
..
Females.
..
..
..
..
Total.
..
..
..
..
C.
Otherwise.
Males.
16
1
..
17
Females.
..
..
..
..
Total.
16
1
..
17
D.
Total.
Males.
58
6
14
78
Females.
19
3
7
29
Total.
77
9
21
107
Asylums.
Madras .. ..
Vizagapatam ..
Calicut .. ..
Total ..
Died.
Males.
15
10
4
29
Females.
2
2
1
5
Total.
17
12
5
34
Remaining 31st
March 1882.
Males.
217
26
48
291
Females.
81
8
17
106
Total.
298
34
65
397
Daily Average
Strength.
Males.
208.50
27.67
43.17
279.34
Females.
74.00
7.08
16.43
97.51
Total.
282.50
34.75
59.60
376.85
Daily Average Sick.
Males.
10.75
2.88
.92
14.55
Females.
5.50
1.04
.48
7.02
Total.
16.25
3.92
1.40
21.57
Percentage of
Cured to Daily
Average Strength.
Males.
13.42
18.07
30.11
16.46
Females.
14.86
42.37
36.51
20.51
Total.
13.80
23.02
31.87
17.51
Deaths to Daily Average
Strength.
Males.
7.19
36.14
9.26
10.38
Females.
2.70
28.24
6.08
5.12
Total.
6.01
34.53
8.38
9.02
Cured to Admissions.
Males.
29.47
62.50
44.82
34.84
Females.
36.66
50.00
85.71
46.51
Total.
31.20
57.14
52.77
37.71
Deaths to Admissions.
Males.
15.78
125.00
13.79
21.96
Females.
6.66
33.33
14.28
11.62
Total.
13.60
85.71
13.88
19.42
ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
9
The asylum is situated some three miles from Calicut, and is under the super-
intendence of the Civil Surgeon Dr. Cook, who visits it daily or as often as
required. Second-class Hospital Assistant M. Lingasen, No. 108, resides on the
premises and has the immediate superintendence of the institution.
29. Buildings.—The buildings are maintained in fair repair. Two new wells
have been sunk and built up in a substantial manner, yielding a supply of good
water all through the year. This is a great improvement, as in former years the
water-supply ran short in the dry months of the year.
30. There were no escapes during the year.
31. I inspected the asylum in October 1881 and found it in good condition,
and working satisfactory in all departments. Second-class Hospital Assistant M.
Lingasen devotes the whole of his time to the care and management of the inmates,
and, on my recommendation, Government have been pleased to allow him Rs. 20 a
month as a personal allowance in recognition of his good services in the appoint-
ment.
32. The principles of treatment of the insane are the same in all the asylums,
and include occupation, out-door exercises, good food, occasional recreation, and at
all times careful supervision. In many cases the bodily health is feeble on admis-
sion, and individual peculiarities are carefully watched and receive appropriate
treatment. Nothing new in this respect has occurred during the year.
FINANCE.
33. The charges in connection with all the Lunatic Asylums have increased
somewhat during the year. The gross charge for all the asylums amount to
Rs. 81,931 instead of Rs. 76,299 in 1880-81. This is due to (a) revision of establish-
ments and the grading of pay of Warders and Attendants, which in 1880-81 cost
Rs. 19,049 and in 1881-82 Rs. 20,223; (b) increase in cost of dieting of a greater
number of patients; and to (c) a somewhat improved dietary introduced in all the
asylums in the year in question. The dieting of patients cost Rs. 24,443 in
1880-81 and Rs. 27,992 in 1881-82. These items nearly account for the difference
in cost in the two years.
34. On the other hand, while the gross charges have increased by Rs. 5,632,
the recoveries for boarding lunatics increased from Rs. 15,215 in 1880-81 to Rs.
17,149, and the proceeds of manufacture from Rs. 1,640 to Rs. 1,806 ; so that the
amount actually paid by the Government Treasury on account of lunatics has
increased only from Rs. 59,587 in 1880-81 to Rs. 63,037 in 1881-82, or Rs. 3,450,
due chiefly to the larger number of lunatics maintained entirely at Government
expense, and in a small degree to the increase of establishments and an improved
dietary.
35. I trust that these charges will not materially increase in future, but that,
with greater watchfulness of the responsibilities of local authorities to maintain
their own pauper lunatics, and insist on friends of the insane who are able to pay
for maintenance doing so, the asylum expenses may be kept within due bounds.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
W. R. CORNISH, F.R.C.S.,
Surgeon-General with the Government of Madras.
3