80
in a new station from drinking water with pro-
perties they are not accustomed to.
42. The moderate consumption of charas and
ganja by discreet habitual consumers is considered
harmless; it apparently has no harmful effect on
their health or disposition.
The use of bhang is not considered harmless;
it is said to dull the intellect of habitual consum-
ers; to non-habituès it causes intoxication and
renders them unfit and disinclined for exertion.
Habitual consumers are considered liable to
vary the doses, and sometimes take it in excess; if
deprived of it, their health suffers and they become
unfit for exertion.
43. Of ganja and charas, yes. Of bhang, they
are avoided by non-smokers.
They are all considered liable to be irritable
when they do not get the drugs.
44. Of ganja and charas, it increases the
warmth of the body; it refreshes, but produces slight
intoxication sufficient to be observed; it creates
appetite especially for ghee and milk.
The effect lasts for about two hours: there are
slight after-effects, i. e., headache and listlessness,
unless food is taken after smoking; the want of it
produces uneasiness and nausea.
Of bhang, it cools the blood and refreshes them;
it produces slight intoxication and induces sleep;
it creates appetite and does not allay hunger;
its effects last for an hour or two. The want of
bhang to a moderate consumer makes him uneasy
and irritable.
45. A Dogra belonging to the battery who
consumed about twelve pipes of charas or ganja
per diem became a lunatic; he was harmless and
has disappeared.
Yes. The habitual moderate use, at a stated
period, of any of these drugs tells on the system.
In the beginning consumers show signs of im-
provement constitutionally, but when they become
regular indulgents they materially injure it. In
the beginning all improve the digestion and give
a kind of indescribable pleasure, but later on the
nerves of the stomach are more or less paralysed,
causing dyspepsia and anwesira.
In old age they conduce to bronchitis, emphy-
sema and asthma; the tendency is to impair the
moral sense and induce laziness, eventually causing
impairment of intellect, and even insanity. No case
of actual insanity caused by these drugs has come
under my immediate observation.
46. When these drugs are used excessively they
impair the general health, conducing to emphy-
sema, dispnœa and bronchitis, with troublesome
cough and. copious purulent expectoration The
features become pinched, eyes red and half-closed,
and turned in a slanting direction. They hate
work and like to remain alone; they become obstin-
nate, quarrelsome and irritable, and get out of
temper for nothing and eventually become insane.
[Questions 45, except what is stated in para. 1
above and 46 answered by Medical Officer.]
49. Yes, of all three drugs.
51. (1) No.
(2) None observable. Consumers do not neces-
sarily have bad characters, though they are less
reliable and more likely to be irritable and insub-
ordinate than non-consumers.
53. Not known.
54. If a man cannot get spirits or bhang, he
uses large doses of ganja or charas to fortify
himself to commit an act of violence.
55. (1) It is said commonly that high way
robberies are commited on travellers drugged by
an accomplice with these drugs.
It is said to have been done in the battery on
one occasion some twelve years ago, but no recent
instance
(2) Yes.
Answer No. 117.
20. 835.
Muhammadans
346
Hindus (including Pariahs)
422
Christians
67
TOTAL
835
(a) Combatants
820
(b)
Non-combatants
10
(c) Authorised camp followers
5
24. Cannot be stated: all consumers strive to
hide and deny the habit.
25. This cannot be stated, as the consumers
strive to hide their failing and deny the habit.
28. Average allowance cannot be given for
above reason.
29. Moderate habitual consumer usually takes
a smoke or drink (I mean smoke ganja and
drink bhang) after a meal morning and evening,
and sometimes when he has had some heavy work
to do.
32. The Shivites or the followers of Shiva
usually take these drugs.
33. All regiments have a standing order against
use of these drugs, and punish for it.
It is generally considered a disgraceful practice
in the army as well as elsewhere, because only the
lower orders consume these drugs and a man who
becomes addicted to these drugs becomes useless
and besotted in intellect, careless of his appearance
and useless as a soldier I have never known the
hemp plant to be worshipped. Generally the con-
sumer's eyes will indicate the use of the drugs.
They become yellow, blood-shot and watery, and
have a staring dazed glassy look.
39. Smoking hemp seems to affect the lungs;
smoking charas in moderation is not injurious;
eating or drinking bhang is the most deleterious
of all.
It is very hard to define these things, for a ma
who takes the one takes all.
Majum is only used medicinally as an aphro-
disiac.
41. No data to go upon.
42. I think the moderate use of these drugs is
harmless. But natives are peculiar: they cannot
use any intoxicant in moderation; at least, a few
only can do so.
43. I think so.
44. The immediate effect of the moderate use is
certainly refreshing; it does produce intoxication
and moderate use may allay hunger. The moder-