34
(e) Authorised camp followers—
Hindustani Mussalmans
23
Panjabi
"
2
Sikhs
2
Other Hindus
13
TOTAL
40
Only 2 followers (Hindus) are said to smoke
ganja and charas.
24.77 Jats
15 Sikhs
drink bhang in the hot weather.
25. On the decrease.
The use of these drugs is, in my opinion, less on
account of the increase of consumption of alcohol
amongst Hindus and others. There is no con-
sumption of either to excess.
28. 9 mashas (the 12th part of a rupee's weight)
of charas or ganja, cost 3 annas. Bhang, 6 mashas,
cost 11/2 pies.
32. These drugs are considered unlawful by
Muhammadans, but not by Hindus. Hindus of
minor caste use them in religious ceremonies, such
as marriage or in performing puja to Mahadeo
and Sheo.
The Sikhs do not use ganja or charas, which are
forbidden by their religion, but they use bhang.
33. Muhammadans condemn the use of any of
these drugs.
Hindus and Sikhs regard bhang as lawful.
Ganja and charas are forbidden to Sikhs, and are
not approved of by Hindus generally. They are
supposed to be harmful. There seems to be no opi-
nion in the Native Army generally on the use of
these drugs, other than that of class and religious
prejudices. I cannot hear of any custom of wor-
shipping the hemp plant, though it is used by
certain castes in the worship of Mahadeo and
Sheo.
39. Native opinion seems to regard smoking drugs
as more injurious than eating or drinking them;
they say that it produces coughing and emaciation.
41. As before stated, the use of ganja and charas
are looked on as baneful, but bhang is regarded as
beneficial in the hot weather, when it is principally
used.
42. I am unable to say of my own knowledge. I
have seen cases of sepoys invalided on account of
excessive indulgence in drugs, but am unable to say
whether the drugs were opium, charas, ganja or
bhang. The Jats and Sikhs, who principally con-
sume bhang, are as fine men as are to be found in
the native army. It seems therefore reasonable to
suppose that the moderate use of bhang at any
rate is harmless.
43. So far as I can ascertain, they are so.
44. Ganja and charas are said to produce immediate
intoxication lasting about two hours and to spoil the
appetite. Bhang, on the contrary, excites appetite,
is less intoxicating, but produces a pleasant
drowsiness. Ganja and charas consumers suffer if
deprived of the drug. Users of bhang can drop it
at pleasure, as is shown by its being consumed by
most in the hot weather only.
45. In answering questions as to the moderate
use of the drug the difficulty arises that where
bad effects are noted the abuse of the drug is sus-
pected. From such cases as I have seen I believe
that the moderate use of the drug has but little
effect on the constitution until the habit has been
long continued, and this may be explained by the
probability of the dose taken being gradually in-
creased in these cases. The above remarks apply
to bhang. Ganja and charas are more hurtful and
more rapid in their effects, leading to impaired con-
stitution, loss of appetite, and producing bronchi-
tis with asthma. I cannot say with regard to
dysentery.
The moderate use of these drugs does not tm-
pair the moral sense. As they stimulate they do not
induce laziness, which would only come on as the
stimulant effect wore away, that is, coming on to
night.
I do not think moderate doses produce insanity.
These drugs are used by many natives as a men-
tal sedative in grief and trouble.
46. The excessive use of the drugs leads to bron-
chitis with asthma and drying up of the body, de-
struction of the superficial veins, dilated pupil and
injected conjunctiva. They are potent in producing
insanity, generally mania, which is curable but from
a continuance of the cause very likely to return.
The drugs act as an exciting cause both in cases
predisposed or not from other causes to insanity.
Persons using the drugs to obtain mental relief,
and obtaining relief, may be induced, in consequence,
to use them in excess. People deficient in self-
control are of course more liable to use the drug
in excess or consequently to suffer from such abuse.
The above remarks are made from recollection of
various cases seen by me when in civil employment.
[Questions 45 and 46 answered by Medical Officer.]
49. I cannot ascertain this.
51. I have not observed any connection between
crime and drug-eating. Bad characters as a rule are
men who haunt the bazars and brothels and doubt-
less indulge themselves in drugs or other intoxi-
cants that come in their way.
53. Not that I am aware of. No.
54. They do not seem to be considered in the
light of excitants in the sense of giving Dutch cour-
age, but seem to stupefy rather than stimulate.
55. Yes. The Thugs were said to use these drugs
for this purpose.
Answer No. 48.
20. (a) Combatants
21
(b) Non-combatants
2
(c) Authorised camp followers
100
(a) Combatant
0
(b) Non-combatant
0
(o) Authorised camp follower
1 (Pariah
caste.)
24. None.
25. As far as I can find out, use is about sta-
tionary; practically it is not used by low-caste men
about Madras.
28. Two pies a day.
32. None.
33. I do not know and cannot find out.
39. As to 33.
41. My Bengal servants mostly use it and they
seem better men and more intelligent than similar
class in Madras.
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 53, 54 and 55. As
to 33.