NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
APPENDICES.
25
Table 3.—Statement showing Preventive Inoculation Performed during the
year 1940-41—contd.
District.
(1)
Upper Chind-
win.
Kyauksè ...
Pakôkku ...
Total Upper
Burma
Charge.
Yamèthin ...
Meiktila ...
Myingyan ...
Magwe ...
Toungoo ...
Total, Central
Charge.
Tharrawaddy
Insein ...
Hanthawaddy
Pegu ...
Amherst ...
Tavoy ...
Mergui ...
Bassein ...
Myaungmya
Maubin ...
Pyapôn ...
Total, Lower
Burma
Charge.
Akyab ...
Kyaukpyu ...
Total, Arakan
Circle.
Total
for
1940-41.
Total
for
1939-40.
Method of inoculation
(2)
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia Vaccine.
Source of Product.
(3)
Veterinary Research Laboratory, I nsei n.
Total number of
village tracts affected
during the year.
(4)
18
2
6
26
37
...
14
33
63
147
36
82
22
24
7
...
...
75
67
12
34
359
1
8
9
541
417
Number of outbreaks
in which inoculation
was undertaken.
(5)
8
2
6
16
5
...
5
1
64
75
32
64
22
19
6
...
...
6
10
1
9
169
2
12
14
274
146
Number of animals
which died uninocu-
lated in course of
outbreak.
Bovines.
(6)
180
10
53
243
151
4
71
177
306
709
24
25
10
59
68
1
...
103
87
90
61
528
3
43
46
1,526
2,244
Equines.
(7)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Others.
(8)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
Number of animals
inoculated.
Bovines.
(9)
1,357
219
340
1,916
876
...
368
324
110
1,678
815
1,463
651
1,329
4,329
6,021
5,015
1,302
720
81
826
22,552
492
3,268
4,760
30,906
(Pigs)
1
51,683
Elc-
phant
Equines.
(10)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Others.
(11)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of inocu-
ated animals which
died of the disease.
Bovines.
(12)
1
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
...
...
2
107
Equines.
(13)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
Others.
(14)
...
...
...
...
....
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
26
APPENDICES,
Table 3.—Statement showing Preventive Inoculation performed during the
year 1940-41—contd.
District.
(1)
Katha
....
Myitkyina ...
Bhamo ...
Minbu ...
Total, Upper
Burma
Charge.
Yamèthin ...
Meiktila ...
Myingyan ...
Magwe ...
Toungoo ...
Total, Central
Charge.
Prome ...
Tharrawaddy
Insein ...
Hanthawaddy
Pegu ...
Amherst ...
Thatôn ...
Tavoy ...
Bassein ...
Myaungmya
Maubin ...
Pyapôn ...
Total, Lower
Burma
Charge.
Akyab ...
Kyaukpyu ...
Total, Arakan
Circle.
Total
for
1940-41,
Total
for
1939-40.
Method of inoculation.
(2)
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia and Anthrax
Vaccine simultaneously.
Sour c e of Product.
(3)
Veterinary Research Laboratory, Insein.
Total number of
village t r act s affected
during the year.
(4)
36
32
2
...
70
35
4
12
27
60
138
...
...
...
...
...
7
...
...
91
67
1
34
200
59
13
72
480
67
Nu mb e r of outbreaks
in which inoculation
was undertaken.
(5)
24
13
2
...
39
6
...
7
8
...
21
...
...
...
...
...
6
13
...
26
13
1
12
71
92
21
113
244
186
Number of animals
which died uninocu-
lated in course of
outbreak.
Bovi ne s .
(5)
108
205
8
...
321
70
...
45
69
195
379
30
141
227
18
58
55
127
8
245
152
31
103
1,195
508
86
594
2,489
799
Equities.
(7)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
Ot her s .
(8)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
11
Number of animals
inoculated.
Bovines.
(9)
3,333
1,202
651
176
5,362
1,355
316
968
1,266
3,721
7,626
875
1,880
5,992
3,357
2,574
2,893
2,239
101
2,156
742
281
722
23,812
29,880
6,787
36,667
73,467
63,777
Equities.
(10)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ot her s .
(11)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of inocul-
ated animals which
died of the disease
Bovines
(12)
...
8
...
...
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
9
39
Equities.
(13)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Others.
(14)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
District.
(1)
Yamèthin ...
Bassein ...
Total
for
1940-41.
Total
for
1939-40.
Yamèthin ...
Total
for
1940-41.
Total
for
1939-40.
Bhamo
Total
for
1940-41.
Total
for
1939-40.
Method of inoculation.
(2)
Blackquarter Vaccine.
Strangles Vaccine.
Anti-Rinderpest
Serum Alone.
Source of product.
(3)
Imperial Veterinary Research
Laboratory, Muktesar.
Veterinary Research
Laboratory, Insein.
Imperial Veterinary
Research Institute,
Muktesar.
Total number of
village-tracts affected
during the year.
(4)
1
...
1
32
...
...
...
...
...
1
Number of outbreaks
in which inoculation
was undertaken.
(5)
1
...
1
3
1
1
1
...
...
1
Number of animals
which died uninocu-
lated in course of
outbreak.
Bovines.
(6)
23
...
23
176
...
...
...
...
...
33
Equities.
(7)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Others.
(8)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of animals
inoculated.
Bovines.
(9)
180
27
207
250
...
...
...
65
65
63
Equines.
(10)
...
...
...
...
75
75
201
...
...
...
Others.
(11)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of inocu-
ated animals which
died of the disease.
Bovines.
(12)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Equines.
(13)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Others.
(14)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
28
APPENDICES.
Grand Totals of Outbreaks and Inoculations.
Year.
(1)
1940-41
1939-40
Rinderpest.
Serum.
Outbreaks.
(2)
...
1
Inoculations.
(3)
65
63
Vaccine.
Outbreaks.
(4)
354
344
Inoculations.
(5)
532,908
478,625
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia Vaccine.
Outbreaks.
(6)
274
146
Inoculations.
(7)
30,906
51,683
Anthrax
Vaccine.
Outbreaks.
(8)
83
61
Inoculations.
(9)
14,009
16,853
Strangles
Vaccine.
Outbreaks.
(10)
1
1
Inoculations.
(11)
75
201
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia & Anthrax
vaccine simultaneously
Outbreaks.
(12)
244
186
Inoculations.
(13)
73,467
63,777
Mallein
I.D.P.
Outbreaks.
(14)
...
...
Inoculations.
(15)
248
...
Anti-Rabic.
Outbreaks.
(16)
...
...
Inoculations.
(17)
...
...
Naganol.
Outbreaks.
(18)
...
1
Inoculations.
(19)
...
1
Blackquarter
vaccine.
Outbreaks.
(20)
1
3
Inoculations.
(21)
207
250
APPENDICES.
29
Table 4.—Statement showing the work of the Veterinary College and the results during the year 1940-4i.
Veterinary College.
(1)
Insein ... ...
Total for 1940-41 ...
Total for 1939-40
...
Name of course of instruction if more
than one course followed.
(2)
1 year
Verna-
cular.
...
...
Students given refresher course.
(3)
...
...
...
Number of Students
Admitted during
the year.
Scholarship holders.
(4)
8
8
7
Others.
(5)
17
17
12
Passed final examination during
the year.
(6)
...
17
Failed to pass final examina-
tion.
(7)
...
2
Remaining
under instruc-
tion at the end
of the year.
In ordinary course.
(8)
...
...
...
Instruction pro-
longed by reasons
of failure to pass.
(9)
...
...
...
Expenditure.
Salaries of Instructing Staff.
(10)
Rs.
10,642
10,642
11,078
Stipends. *
(11)
Rs.
1,828
1,828
4,237
Other expenses. †
(12)
Rs.
8,097
8,097
8,697
Total.
(13)
Rs.
20,567
20,567
24,012
Employment of students
who passed during the
three years preceding.
Total number passed.
(14)
32
32
44
In service of Government or
Local Bodies.
(15)
31
31
40
In service of other Bodies or
Institutions.
(16)
...
...
1
In private practice.
(17)
1
1
1
Number unemployed.
(18)
...
...
...
* Includes scholarships for students trained at the Madras Veterinary College.
† Includes expenditure on the Veterinary Hospital at Insein.
50
APPENDICES.
Table 5.—Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ending 31st March 1941.
Minor Heads.
(1)
A. Superinten-
dence.
B. Subordinate
Establishment.
C. Veterinary
Instruction &
Research
D. Hospitals and
Dispensaries.
E. Breeding
Operations.
G. Other Charges
H. Charges in
England.
XXVI. Veterinary
Heads of Accounts.
(2)
(a) Superintendence
(b) Circle Officers ...
Subordinate
Establishment.
(a) Veterinary Instruc-
tion.
(b) Veterinary
Re-
search.
(a) Expenses in connec-
tion with Epizootic
Diseases.
(b) Animal Quarantine
Station.
Breeding Operations
(a) Expenditure
on
Veterinary Services
in connection with
Economic Develop-
ment and Improve-
ment
of
Rural
Areas.
(b) High Commissioner
A. Veterinary Receipts
Total for 1940-41 ...
Total for 1939-40 ..
Chanted.
(3)
Rs.
28,593
...
* 11,710
...
...
...
...
...
...
3,667
...
43,970
44,763
Voted.
(4)
Rs.
20,655
56,212
3,57,166
20,567
51,017
15,977
221
7,168
2,751
9,213
...
5,40,947
5,42,862
Expenditure.
Local.
(5)
Rs.
...
... 17,335
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
17,335
12,800
Total.
(6)
Rs.
49,248
56,212
3,86,211
20,567
51,017
15,977
221
7,168
2,751
12,880
...
6,02,252
6,00,425
1939-40.
(7)
Rs.
50,365
51,001
3,57,927
24,012
59,030
10,351
76
9,560
2,449
35,654
...
6,00,425
...
Increase or
decrease
over
the
under
previous
year.
(8)
Rs.
-1,117
+ 5,211
+ 28,284
- 3,445
- 8,013
+ 5,626
+ 145
-2,392
+ 302
- 22,774
...
+ 1,827
...
Depart-
mental.
(9)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
5,505
5,505
6,974
Receipts.
Donation
or Contri-
bution.
(10)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
10,000
10,000
10,000
Total.
(11)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
15,505
15,505
16,974
Remarks.
(12)
* Defence Budget.
† As furnished by the Accountant-General, Burma.
‡ As furnished by Chairman, District Councils, and Deputy Commissioners,
G.B.C.P.O.-No. 10, D.V.S., 16-9-41—325—VIII.
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CONTENTS.
PAGE
Introductory
. . . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . 1
Source and date of original Tablets and Controls . . .
. .
. .
.
.
3
Chemical Examiner's Report
. . . . .
.
. . .
. .
.
4
Aloin Compound .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Ammonium Carbonas
. .
.
. .
. .
. .
.
. . . 7
Colchicini Salicylas
. .
.
. .
. .
.
. .
. . . 9
Extractum Euonymi Siccum .
.
. .
.
. . .
. .
. . 12
Hydrargyri Subchloridum . . . . .
. . . .
. . . . 13
Phenacetinum . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 1 4
Phenacetinum cum Caffeinâ . . . . . . . . .
. . . 15
Pil. Plumbi cum Opio
. . . . . . . .
. . . .
.
1 8
Pil. Hydrargyri Subchloridum Co.
. . . . . . . . . . . 21
Soda Mint .
.
.
. .
.
. . .
. .
. . 2 2
Sodium Chloridum . . .
.
. .
. .
. . . . .
.
2 2
Tinct. Camphoræ Co. .
. .
.
. .
. .
.
. . .
. . 23
Tinct. Digitalis
.
. .
.
. .
.
. . .
. .
. . 2 5
Tinct. Opii .
. . .
.
. .
.
. . .
. .
. . 3 1
Zinci Sulphas
.
. .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . 33
Hypodermic Tablets
—
Apomorphinæ Hydrochloridum . . .
. .
. .
. . . 3 4
Physostigminæ Salicylas . . . . . .
.
. . . . 37
Strophanthin . . . . .
. .
. . . .
. . 40
Digitalin. . . . . .
. .
. . .
. . . 41
Morphinæ Tartras . . . .
. .
. .
. . . . 45
Atropinæ et Morphinæ Sulphas . .
.
.
. . .
.
. . 47
Summary of Results .
. .
. . . . . . .
. . .
.
4 8
ThePhysiological Action of Certain Drugs
in Tablet Form
T HE investigation whose results are embodied in this report was conducted
during the Winter of 1910-11. The experiments which were carried out
were directed towards ascertaining whether the drugs which are made up in
tablet form for Field Hospitals deteriorate with age, and, if deterioration
occurs, to what extent the physiological action of the drug is affected.
In making out an experimental scheme for each drug the normal physio-
logical effects of the drug were first tabulated. The actions were then chosen
which seemed to be best adapted for experiments on animals and most likely to
give accurate recordable and comparable results. Experiments were then
devised which would show the actions selected, if any were present, and the
results were recorded.
In every case the drug under investigation was tested against an identical
solution or suspension of either fresh drug or fresh tablet, and the action of the
two compared.
In several instances of compound tablets, for example, Pil. Hydrarg, Sub-
chlorid. Co., in which the various ingredients could not be separated from one
another, it was impossible to obtain precise physiological dat ā as to the action
of each component, and the most that could be done was to compare the effect
of a dose of old tablet or pill with that of an equal dose of fresh tablet or pill
and to observe the action of the constituents in each case as a combined whole.
All the tablets were sent to the Chemical Examiner to Government,
Bengal, for examination as to their chemical action and condition. His report
is appended.
Certain animals being much less susceptible than man to the action of
some drugs, in some cases many times the weight-equivalent of the maximum
dose for man had to be exhibited in order to obtain recordable and comparable
results. It follows that in several instances a degree of action was obtained
which more nearly approached to the toxic than to the ordinary therapeutic.
In the experiments on the isolated heart of the pithed frog, the procedure
adopted was as follows:
A frog of average weight (from 60 to 65 grams) was pithed and pinned
down on its back on a frog board. The heart was isolated with as little injury B
2
and loss of blood as possible. A hook was inserted superficially in the apex
of the heart in such a manner as to avoid perforating the whole thickness of
the ventricular wall, and was connected by a thread to the end of a light
heart lever. The beats were recorded on a slowly moving kymograph, the time
tracing being made simultaneously by a chronograph marking seconds. All
tracings were made with the heart in situ and with the nerves intact, and no
curara or other drug except that under experiment was used. Atropine was
not used, as what was required was the combined effect of the drug under in-
vestigation on the heart muscle and the vagus terminations, and not the action
on the heart muscle alone. No curves were taken for at least ten minutes
after pithing, in order to avoid irregularities attributable to shock. In some
cases the solution of the drug was allowed to flow slowly over the external
surface of the heart. In others it was introduced with a hypodermic syringe
and a very fine needle into the right auricle.
In the perfusion experiments, which were carried out in order to show the
effect of the drug on the peripheral vessels, as regards vaso-constriction or vaso-
dilatation, the following procedure was adopted :
A frog was pithed and fixed back downwards on a frog board. The heart
was exposed, one aorta opened, and the blood permitted to flow out. A fine
cannula was then tied in the aorta, the other aorta being closed by including
it in the ligature. The cannula was connected with a rubber tube containing
normal saline solution and having a Y-shaped glass tube interposed so that it
could be put in communication with either of two bottles, one of which con-
tained normal saline solution only, the other containing normal saline solution
mixed with a solution of the drug under examination. A constant pressure of
38 centimetres was maintained. The sinus venosus was then opened and, with
due precaution against the entrance of any air bubbles, the normal saline solu-
tion was allowed to flow through the peripheral circulation of the frog, until
all the blood had been washed out and the fluid was coming through clear and
at a constant or nearly constant rate, the amount passing through in succes-
sive periods of five minutes being recorded. The fluid containing the drug was
then perfused by putting the cannula in communication with the other bottle,
and the amount passing through the circulation in successive five minute
periods measured and recorded. If the amount was less, vaso-constriction was
present, if more, then vaso-dilatation, and the amount by which the flow was
lessened or increased was in direct ratio to the amount of vaso-constriction or
vaso-dilatation which was produced.
Many of the experiments recorded were repeated several times, and the
average result, or a typical tracing, given. Had time permitted it would have
been more satisfactory to have done all the experiments several times, but with