NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
26
APPENDICES.
TABLE 7.—Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the year ending 31st March 1935.
Sub-heads.
(1)
(a) Superintendence ...
(b) Circle Officers ...
(c) Subordinate Estab-
lishment.
(d) Expenses in connec-
tion with Epizootic
diseases.
(c) Veterinary Instruc-
tion.
(f) Veterinary
Re-
search.
B.—Veterinary Receipts
Total for 1934-35 ...
Total for 1933-34 ...
Expenditure.*
Provincial †
Non Voted.
(2)
Rs.
Nil
14,536
2,071
...
...
...
16,607
9,900
Voted.
(3)
Rs.
46,101
17,928
2,65,840
17,957
25,381
43,646
4,17,353
4,61,219
Local
Rs.
...
...
6,981
...
...
...
6,981
8,625
Total
(5)
Rs.
46,101
32,484
2,74,892
17,957
25,881
43,646
...
4,40,941
4,79,744
1933-34.
(16)
Rs.
48,539
36,981
2,88,838
45,089
24,838
35,459
4,79,744
...
Increase or
decrease
over
the
under
previous
year.
(7)
Rs.
- 2,438
-4,517
-13,946
-27,132
+ 1,043
+ 8,187
- 38,803
...
Departmental
(8)
Rs
...
...
...
...
...
...
3,009
3,009
1,738
Receipts.
Donation or
Contribution.
(9)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
20,000
20,000
20,000
Total.
(10)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
23,009
23,009
21,738
Remarks.
(11)
* Backward Tracts.
† As furnished by the Accountant-General, Burma.
‡ As furnished by Chairmen, District Councils and Deputy Commissioners.
G B.C.P.O.- No. 7. D.V.S., 8-10-35—230.
Annual animal mortality
per 1,00O of Bovine population on account of—
G.B.C.P.O.-NO.1.D.V.S.3.10.1935.230 V.
REPORT
ON THE
VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31st MARCH 1936
RANGOON
SUPDT., GOVT. PRINTING AND STATIONERY, BURMA
1936
Price,—Rs. 2 = 3s.]
REPORT
ON THE
VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31st MARCH 1936
RANGOON
SUPDT., GOVT. PRINTING AND STATIONERY, BURMA
1936
LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
IN BURMA.
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon.
BISWAS & CO., 226, Lewis Street, Rangoon.
BRITISH BURMA PRESS BRANCH, Rangoon.
BURMA BOOK CLUB, LTD., Post Box No. 1068, Rangoon.
NEW LIGHT OF BURMA PRESS, 61, Sule Pagoda Road Rangoon.
PROPRIETOR, THU DHAMA WADI PRESS, 16—80, Maung Khine Street
Rangoon.
RANGOON TIMES PRESS, Rangoon,
CITY BOOK CLUB, 98, Phayre Street, Rangoon.
MESSRS, K. BIN HOON & SONS, Nyaunglebin.
MAUNG LU GALE, Law Book Depôt, 42, Ayo-o-gale, Mandalay.
CONTINENTAL TRADING Co., No. 363, Lower Main Road, Moulmein
IN INDIA.
BOOK Co., LTD. 4/4A, College Square, Calcutta.
BUTTERWORTH & Co. (India), LTD., Calcutta.
S K. LAHIRI & Co., 56, College Street Calcutta.
W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
THACKER, SPINK & Co. (1933), Ltd., 3, Esplanade, East, Calcutta.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Co., Bombay.
THACKER & Co., LTD., Bombay.
CITY BOOK Co., Post Box No. 283, Madras.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
MR. RAM NARAIN LAL, Proprietor, National Press, Katra, Allahabad.
MESSRS, SAMPSON WILLIAM & Co., Cawnpore, United Provinces.
IN EUROPE.
The publications are obtainable either direct from THE HIGH
COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA. Public Department, India House
Aldwych, London, W.C. 2, or through any bookseller.
[ The Text of this Report is limited by the order of Government to
15 pages (Royal Octavo size).]
INDEX
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
I.—Staff Organization
...
...
II.—General Diseases in Animals
...
III.—Contagious Diseases in Animals ...
IV.—Veterinary Education...
V.—Veterinary Research
...
VI.—Survey of the year's work and Remarks
VII.—Appendices. ...
VIII.—Maps. ...
IX.—Graphs. ...
PAGE
1
3
4
7
8
11
REPORT
ON THE
Veterinary Department, Burma,
For the Year ending the 31st March 1936.
CHAPTER I.—STAFF ORGANIZATION.
Mr. D. T. Mitchell, M.R.C.V.S., Director of Veterinary Services,
held charge of the Department throughout the year except for the
period he was on overseas leave from 24th May 1935 to 7th October
1935. During this period Captain S. R. Rippon, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S.,
was appointed to officiate as Director.
The Upper Burma Charge, Mandalay, which comprises three
Veterinary Circles, viz., Northern Circle, Katha ; Chindwin Circle,
Mônyvva ; and Central Circle, Magwe, was under the control of U Pe
Than, G.B.V.C., A.T.M., Deputy Director of Veterinary Services,
throughout the year. He had under him three Veterinary Superin-
tendents, ten Veterinary Inspectors and 68 Veterinary Assistants,
including six New Grade Veterinary Assistants.
The Lower Burma Charge, Insein, comprising three Circles, viz.,
South-Western Circle, Bassein ; South Central Circle, Insein ; and
South-Eastern Circle, Moulmein, was under the control of Captain
S. R. Rippon, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., throughout the year except during the
time he officiated as Director of Veterinary Services. Captain Rippon
while officiating as Director of Veterinary Services, Burma, held charge
of the duties of the Deputy Director of Veterinary Services, Lower
Burma Charge, Insein, in addition to his own duties from
24th to 29th May 1935. The Charge was under the control of
U Nyan Kyaw, G.B.V.C., Veterinary Superintendent, from 29th May
1935 to 14th October 1935 as an additional charge. The Deputy
Director of Veterinary Services, Lower Burma Charge, Insein, had
under him three Veterinary Superintendents, ten Veterinary Inspectors
and 63 Veterinary Assistants, including 12 New Grade Veterinary
Assistants.
Arakan Circle.—U Aung Tun U, G.B V.C., Veterinary Superin-
tendent, remained in charge of this Circle throughout the year under
the direct control of the Director of Veterinary Services, Burma. He
had under him one Veterinary Inspector and 12 Veterinary Assistants,
including five New Grade Veterinary Assistants.
2
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
The clerical staff in the Charge and Circle offices remained
unchanged from the previous year.
Veterinary Research Laboratory, Insein.—Mr. G. Pfaff, B.Sc.,
M.R.C.V.S., was in charge of this section of the Department throughout
the year, and Mr. J. Bhattacharjee, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., officiated as
Veterinary Research Officer.
During the year under report the Veterinary Research Officers were
assisted by one Veterinary Inspector and four Veterinary Assistants,
including two under training at the Laboratory and one Clerk.
Mr. J. Smith, officiating Veterinary Research Officer, who had been
on leave since June 1934, resigned his appointment with effect from
9th September 1935 with the permission of the Local Government.
Veterinary College, Insein.—Mr. G. Pfaff, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S.,
Principal, remained in charge of the College in addition to his duties as
Research Officer throughout the year under report. He had under
him one Assistant Principal, one Veterinary Inspector, and one Veteri-
nary Assistant and one Clerk.
NEW APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS.
Mr. M. H. V. Brown, B.V.Sc. (Pretoria), was appointed as a tempo-
rary Veterinary Research Officer on three years' contract during the
year. He reported for duty at Rangoon on the 16th March 1936.
U Bwin Gyi, Veterinary Inspector, Thatôn, was promoted to
gazetted rank as Veterinary Superintendent and was posted to the
charge of the Chindwin Circle, Mônywa, from 3rd September 1935 in
place of U Ko Ko Gyi, Veterinary Superintendent, who died in June
1935.
Ten Veterinary Students who satisfactorily completed the Veterinary
Assistant's Course at the Veterinary College, Insein, during 1935 were
appointed as Veterinary. Assistants (New Grade) during the year and
were posted to different districts in the province.
VACANCIES IN THE DEPARTMENT.
(a) Burma
Veterinary Service, Class I.—Of the sanctioned
cadre of six posts, one remained unfilled during the greater part of the
year consequent on the resignation of Mr. Smith. Mr. Brown was
recruited on a temporary basis against this vacancy.
(b) Burma Veterinary Service, Class II.—Out of the sanctioned cadre
of eight posts, none remained vacant during the year.
(c) Burma Subordinate Veterinary Service.—(i) The revised sanc-
tioned cadre of Veterinary Inspectors is 39, out of which 16 posts
remained vacant during the year.
(ii) Out of the revised sanctioned cadre of 166 Veterinary Assist-
ants, 18 posts remained vacant during the year.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH 1936.
3
Casualties during the year.
Deaths...
Retirements...
Resignations...
Reversions...
Promotions...
Removals...
Total
Veterinary
Inspectors.
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
Veterinary
Assistants.
...
...
...
...
3
...
3
CHAPTER II.—GENERAL DISEASES IN
ANIMALS.
Treatment of Animals.—Twenty-three
thousand nine hundred and
sixty-eight (23,968) cases of non-contagious diseases as against 29,257
of the previous year were treated by the subordinate staff of the
Department during the year under report.
This figure gives an average of 14.2 cases per Assistant per month
against 17'7 cases per Assistant per month during the previous year.
VETERINARY HOSPITAL, INSEIN.
One thousand eight hundred and ninety-two (1,892) new cases
were treated at this hospital during the year under report. The total
number of attendances of animals for treatment during the year was
3,808.
Of the 1,892 animals treated there were :—Horses 69, bovines 332,
goats 123, dogs 1,287, and other animals 81.
The number of cases treated at the hospital from year to year is
gradually decreasing, and this is probably due to the fact that all
owners, who can afford to pay, are now being charged for services
rendered to their sick animals.
Thirty in-patients were admitted into the hospital during the year
and thirteen castrations were performed. The following diseases were
treated :—
Infectious Diseases—
1. Foot-and-Mouth Disease
2. Rabies
...
3. Surra ...
4. Tetanus
...
5. Canine typhus
...
6. Demodectic mange in dogs
7. Osteoporosis
...
8. Necrobacillosis ...
Total
3
22
7
1
1
3
2
1
40
4
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
Non-infectious Diseases—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Diseases of, the digestive system
Diseases due to intestinal worms
Diseases of respiratory system
Diseases of the urinary system
Diseases of the genital organs
Diseases of the nervous system
Diseases of the skin ...
Diseases of the eye ...
Diseases of the ear ...
Thelazia cullipaeda in dogs ...
Dirofilaria immites in dogs ...
Wounds
...
...
Lameness ... ...
Castrations
... ...
Other diseases
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
428
283
80
17
47
41
161
55
47
7
5
386
70
13
212
1,852
CHAPTER III—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IN
ANIMALS.
FIELD ADMINISTRATION.
Rinderpest was prevalent throughout the year in many districts of
the province, nine districts only being entirely free, viz., Akyab,
Kyaukpyu, Sandoway, Arakan Hill Tracts, Tavoy, Mergui, Bassein,
Prome, and Minbu.
The heaviest mortality was recorded in Amherst (10,079), Thatôn
(5,000), Pyapôn (3,266), Upper Chindwin (3,222), Myitkyina (1,873),
Hanthawaddy (713), Sagaing (692), and Maubin (686). The death-rate
in these eight districts was approximately 89 per cent. The total
mortality during the year under report was 28,509 as against 21,564 for
the previous year.
Control of outbreaks was carried out under the " Cattle Disease
Rules, 1914 " and attempts, not always successful, were made to
introduce " standstill " measures in outbreaks. Protective inoculation
measures were organized using anti-rinderpest serum, indented from
India, and Rinderpest Desiccated Goat Spleen Vaccine produced at the
Insein Laboratory. This new vaccine was giving so successful results
in cattle towards the close of the year that " serum alone " inoculation
was discontinued in these animals and vaccine substituted.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease.—This disease was reported from almost
all the districts of the province but, as usual in Burma, with a very low
mortality. Deaths were recorded from 17 districts and the total
mortality was 113 as against 23 for the previous year.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 3lST MARCH 1936.
5
Anthrax.—This disease occurred in sporadic form in 30 districts and
the total mortality recorded was 929, as against 1,007 for the previous
year. Inoculation with Anthrax Spore Vaccine was used as a preventive
measure with marked success, but it was not always possible to induce
cattle owners to agree to inoculation against this disease as deaths in
each outbreak were usually very limited in number.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—The mortality recorded from this disease
was 8,254, as against 1,478 for the previous year The heaviest
mortality was recorded in the following districts :—Mergui (6,040),
Myaungmya (376), Toungoo (367), Akyab (326, and Bassein (306).
Preventive inoculations with Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia Vaccine were
carried out where possible, but villagers were frequently reluctant to
allow this vaccination to be carried out in their cattle as the outbreak is
over quickly, and usually occurred to the ploughing season when animals
were in work.
Black-quarter.—The total mortality recorded from Black-quarter was
909, as against 242 for the previous year. The heaviest mortality was
recorded from the following districts :—Pyapôn (218), Thayetmyo
(111), and Magwe (103). No inoculations against this disease were
carried out as localised sporadic outbreaks had usually subsided some
time before the disease was reported and vaccination was not agreed to.
Surra.—Surra caused mortality in 14 districts, namely, Pakôkku (32),
Bhamo (12), Myitkyina (9), Maubin (8), Katha (6), Kyauksè (4),
Myaungmya (2), Prome (2), Minbu (2), Salween (2), Pyapôn (1),
Hanthawaddy (1), Pegu (1), and Yamèthin (1). A total of 83 deaths
was recorded, of which 58 were equines and 25 bovines.
Parasitic Diseases (Lebetna).—The total mortality from this disease
was 68, as against 45 for the previous year. Deaths were limited to
the Salween District.
Strangles.—Two deaths only were recorded in Minbu District in
equines.
Tuberculosis.—One death only was recorded in Minbu District
among bovines.
PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Rinderpest.—Serum
alone method. Inoculation parties were
arranged to carry out inoculation work where " standstill " measures
alone were considered to be ineffective to control spread. Seventy-
nine thousand eight hundred and sixty-six (79,866) bovines as against
72,533 for the previous year were immunised by this method. Details
of the inoculations carried out are shown herewith :—
Upper Burma Charge
... ... ...
Lower Burma Charge........
Arakan Circle............
Total...
41,909
37,957
...
79,866
6
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
In the South-Eastern Circle alone, where this disease had assumed
epizootic form at the end of the previous year, 17,295 cattle were
inoculated during the year under report
The cost of the purchase of rinderpest serum from India during the
year was Rs. 28,152.
Desiccated Goat Spleen Vaccine.—This new vaccine was introduced
generally for cattle towards the end of the year under report and
14,146 head of cattle and buffaloes, as against 728 of the previous
year, were vaccinated with very successful results.
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia.—Preventive
inoculations with this
vaccine were carried out during the year on 8,679 bovines as against
1,812 for the previous year.
Anthrax. A. Inoculated by Departmental Officers.—Ten thousand
live hundred and forty bovines, 193 equines, and 433 elephants were
inoculated with Anthrax Spore Vaccine during the year. This shows a
very considerable annual increase on inoculations during previous years.
Had it not been that the staff were employed on the more important
rinderpest control, the inoculations against Anthrax would have been
very much greater.
B. Elephants inoculated by private persons.—During the year under
report 2,716 elephants were inoculated with Anthrax Vaccine by the
Timber Firms Assistants as against 2,629 during the previous year.
The results of these inoculations were very satisfactory.
QUARANTINE STATIONS.
The temporary cattle inspection post at Htaukkyan continued to be
maintained throughout the year. The Veterinary Assistant in charge
inspected 18,556 cattle and buffaloes, including 809 seen at Hlawga.
Of this number 16,099 were proceeding to the Rangoon and Insein
slaughter-houses for slaughter. Of the remainder 1,070 were plough
animals, 1,022 milch cattle, and 365 were proceeding to grazing
grounds.
During the period from January to May only 2,567 animals passed
through Htaukkyan compared with 15,180 during the remaining
seven months of the year. A corresponding variation was observed last
year and is no doubt a regular feature of this cattle movement, owing
to the drovers taking advantage of the short cuts to Rangoon sale and
slaughter yards which are available after the paddy has been reaped.
An attempt will be made to control this during next year.
The only contagious disease detected was Foot-and-Mouth disease,
which was seen in 15 herds in the months of July and December 1935
and March 1936. These herds comprised 265 animals, out of which
57 head were seen to be affected. Those found in March were seen
at Hlawga, the remainder were seen at Htaukkyan. The affected
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH 1936.
7
herds had in some cases come from districts as far distant as Magwe,
Thayetmyo, and Yamèthin, in the Upper Burma Charge and in the case
of three herds the animals were destined for slaughter in Rangoon.
The sick animals were detained and segregated by the Veterinary
Assistant in charge of the inspection post until they had recovered.
At the close of the year four segregation sheds, each within a fenced
enclosure, were erected in the compound, and the fence along the
main road was reconstructed.
Frontier Posts.—After a lapse of several years, owing to shortage of
staff, Veterinary Assistants were again placed on Frontier duty during the
open season at Thingannyinaung and Shanyathit in Amherst and
Thatôn Districts respectively and at Yado in the Toungoo District.
Examination of all animals which passed within range of the inspec-
tion posts, was carried out but it is unlikely that more than a small
percentage of the animals imported were seen by the Veterinary
Assistants, as no limit is placed to the number of ports of entry for
animals on the land frontiers of Burma. This will be dealt with after
Separation under the Livestock Importation Act, and new revised rules
under this Act have been framed and submitted to Government.
RULES.
Approval of the Local Government in connection with the introduc-
tion of the revised Contagious Diseases of Animals (Villages) Rules
and (Town) Rules, and the Glanders and Farcy Rules, is still awaited.
CHAPTER IV.—VETERINARY EDUCATION.
A. Education of Students for posts in the Subordinate Service (Veteri-
nary Assistants, New Grade) Veterinary College, Insein.
(1) The second batch of students completed the course in
December 1935. Of the original 16 students, 13 graduated, five being
stipendiary students, six non-stipendiary students, one from the Shan
States, and one from the Corporation of Rangoon. The student from
the Corporation of Rangoon and one non-stipendiary student were
unsuccessful in the final examination. The student from the Shan
States has taken up an appointment in Hsipaw Stale, and the other
ten have received appointments as Veterinary Assistants (New Grade)
in this department.
(2) A third batch of students was recruited on the 4th November
1935. The batch comprised seven stipendiary students, six non-
stipendiary students, four from Messrs. Steel Brothers and Company,
Limited, and one from the De La Salle Institute. After the first
quarterly examination, four students who did not show sufficient
promise, were weeded out, so that the class now consists of 14
students, viz., seven stipendiary, three non-stipendiary, and four private.
8
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
B. Refresher Course.—A refresher course of three months' duration
for Veterinary Inspectors and Veterinary Assistants was held from
January to March 1936. Of the three Veterinary Inspectors and eight
Veterinary Assistants who attended the course, only one Veterinary
Inspector failed to obtain pass marks which are 45 per cent for
Veterinary Inspectors and 40 per cent for Veterinary Assistants in each
subject.
C. Student Probationers for training in Veterinary Science in Indian
Veterinary Colleges—The second batch of ten students, including two
students, who volunteered to complete the course at their own expense,
were selected and deputed to the Madras Veterinary College for
training. Out of the two private students, one discontinued the course
after joining the College at Madras. It is anticipated that a third
batch of eight students will be selected during the ensuing year to fill
vacancies in the Subordinate Service—District Inspector's grade.
D. Instruction in the Village by Field Staff. —All departmental officers
continued to deliver lectures, on subjects relating to the activities
of the Department, while on tour. No provision has yet been made for
supplementing this Veterinary propaganda work by the re-introduction
of Departmental bulletins and leaflets.
E. Bulletins
and Leaflets.—No bulletin or leaflet was published by
the Department during the year under report.
F. Special
Remarks.—With
the object of commemorating the
memory of Colonel G. H. Evans, C.I.E., C.B.E., M.R.C.V.S., F.L.S.,
I.C.V.D., who had been in charge of this Department from 22nd June
1890 to 26th November 1920, a trust fund was created from
voluntary subscriptions of the staff on the occasion of his retirement.
It was then decided that the revenue derived from the investment
of this fund should be utilized for the purchase annually of a gold
medal for presentation to the student at the Insein Veterinary College
who gained first place in the final examination, this medal was designated
the " Evans Memorial Prize." The Veterinary College re-opened in
1933-34 and, at the commencement of the 1935-36 class, two awards of
this medal were made to Maung Aung Nyein for the 1933-34 course
and to Maung Pu for the 1934-35 course. Presentation of these medals
was made by the Financial Commissioner who is one of the trustees of
the fund.
CHAPTER V.—VETERINARY RESEARCH.
LABORATORY WORK AT THE INSEIN VETERINARY RESEARCH
LABORATORY.
1. Routine Work : Pathological
Specimens examined. (a) Blood-
smears.—During
the year 878 bloodsmears were examined. Of these
556 were submitted by officers of the Veterinary Department, 247 by