NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
32 APPENDIX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
IX-A.
Abstract of Cash Account as per G.O., No. 1344, of 12th August 1891.
Asylums.
Madras
...
...
Vizagapatam ...
Calicut ... ...
(a)
Establishment.
Total cost.
RS.
23,607
2,724
4,245
A.
4
0
15
P.
11
0
3
Cost per
head of
average
strength.
RS.
56
51
30
A.
3
12
1
P.
4
9
9
(b)
Diet.
Total cost.
RS.
30,496
1,826
6,437
A.
15
10
3
P.
8
3
0
Cost per
head of
average
strength.
RS.
72
34
45
A.
9
11
10
P.
9
9
5
(c)
Clothing and Bedding.
Total cost.
RS.
3,911
161
659
A.
2
13
2
P.
0
6
5
Cost per
head of
average
strength.
RS.
9
3
4
A.
5
1
10
P.
0
3
9
(d)
Medicines.
Total cost.
RS.
2,982
278
1,091
A.
6
9
4
P.
3
6
11
Cost per
head of
average
strength.
RS.
7
5
7
A.
1
4
11
P.
7
9
10
(e)
Contingencies.
Total cost.
RS.
2,030
128
936
A.
10
9
1
P.
5
3
7
Cost per
head of
average
strength.
RS.
4
2
6
A.
13
7
10
P.
4
1
2
Grand Total.
Total cost.
RS.
63,028
5,119
13,369
A.
7
10
11
P.
3
6
2
Cost per
head of
average
strength.
RS.
150
97
94
A.
1
5
13
P.
0
7
1
(a) Vide columns 7 and 8 of Statement IX appended to the report.
(d) Includes hospital necessaries, &c.—Vide columns 11 and 26 of Statement IX appended to the report.
(b) Vide columns 9 and 16
do.
do.
(e) Includes cost of repairs, tax on buildings— Vide columns 12, 14, 18 and 25 of Statement IX appended
(c) Vide columns 10 and 17
do.
do.
to the report.
APPENDIX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
33
X.
Statement showing the sanctioned Establishment of the Lunatic Asylums as stood on the 31st December 1891.
Establishment.
Superintendent Surgeon ... ... ...
Apothecary, First Grade ... ... ...
Civil Apothecary... ... ... ...
First-class Hospital Assistant... ...
Do.
European Attendants... ...
Second-class do.... ...
Native Head Keeper ... ... ...
First-class Native Male Attendants...
Second-class do.
do. ... ...
Third-class do.
do. ... ...
Temporary
Keeper...
...
...
...
Matron... ... ... ... ...
Assistant
Matron...
...
...
...
Steward... ... ... ... ...
Assistant Steward ... ... ... ...
Purveyor... ... ... ... ...
Writer... ... ... ... ...
Steward and Clerk...
...
...
...
First-class Female Attendant ... ...
Second-class
do. ... ...
Third-class
do. ... ...
Carpenter ... ... ... ...
Blacksmith ... ... ... ...
Washerman ... ... ... ...
Gardener ... ... ... ...
Gate-peon
...
...
...
...
...
Night Watchman... ... ... ...
Tailors ... ... ... ... ...
Barber ... ... ... ... ...
Cook for European and East Indian
patients.
Caste Cook for Natives ... ... ...
Do.
Female for Natives... ...
Waterwoman
...
... ... ...
First-class
Toty... ... ... ...
Second-class
do...
...
...
...
Toty women
...
...
...
...
Daily average number of males ... ...
Do.
do. of females...
...
Proportion of male keepers to males...
Do.
of female keepers to females...
Do.
of male toties to males ...
Do.
of female toties to females ...
Madras.
Number.
1
1
1
...
2
2
...
2
6
36
...
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
1
3
10
1
1
...
1
...
...
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
5
Monthly
wages.
RS.
650
260
80
A.
0
0
0
P.
0
0
0
...
100
60
0
0
0
0
...
24
60
288
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
60
25
70
30
25
30
8
18
50
10
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
10 0 0
...
...
22
11
12
10
7
3
7
90
20
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
318.28
101.72
1 to 7.23
1 to 7.14
1 to 19.90
l to 20
Vizagapatam.
Number.
1
...
...
1
...
...
1
1
...
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
1
...
...
1
1
1
Monthly
wages.
RS.
50
A.
0
P.
0
...
...
70 0 0
...
...
25
12
27
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
7
6
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
...
...
...
7 0 0
...
...
...
6 0 0
...
...
1
6
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
42.07
10.52
1 to 7.01
1 to 5.26
1 to 21.03
1 to 10.52
Calicut.
Number.
1
...
...
1
...
...
1
2
4
8
1
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
4
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
1
4
2
Monthly
wages.
RS.
50
A.
0
P.
0
...
...
70 0 0
...
...
15
21
32
56
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
...
...
...
19
8
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
...
...
8 0 0
...
6 0 0
...
...
...
...
7 0 0
...
...
7
24
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
106.85
34.15
1 to 6.68
1 to 6.83
1 to 21.37
1 to 17.07
Total.
Number.
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
5
10
47
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
8
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
20
8
Monthly
wages.
RS.
750
260
80
140
100
60
40
57
92
371
7
60
25
70
30
25
30
19
23
48
50
10
12
8
10
6
7
22
11
12
23
7
3
21
120
32
A.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
P.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The proportion
sanctioned in
G.O., No. 280
of 14th Feb¬
ruary 1889,
has been kept
up as far as
practicable.
34
APPENDIX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON LUNATIC ASYLUMS.
XI.
Statement showing Receipts and Expenditure on account of the Manufactures in the Lunatic Asylums during the year 1891.
1
Asylums.
Madras... ... ...
Vizagapatam... ...
Calicut
...
...
...
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Credit.
Mean Population.
Males.
318.28
42.07
106.85
Females.
101.72
10.52
34.15
Total.
420.00
52.59
141.00
*Average number employed.
Males.
211
29
87.67
Females.
57
7
31.49
Total.
268
36
119.16
Cash paid into
the treasury
during the
year for
articles sold.
RS.
† 850
† 8
† 663
A.
14
0
5
P.
6
9
5
Value of
manufactured
goods made
over to asylums
for asylum
purposes.
RS.
3,234
† 125
350
A.
9
7
2
P.
0
5
0
Value of raw
materials in
store at the
end of the
year.
RS.
307
3
30
A.
8
4
2
P.
1
0
0
Value of
manufactured
goods in store
at the end of
the year.
RS.
3,488
10
113
A.
9
11
2
P.
6
6
0
Value of
plant and
machinery in
store at the
end of the year.
RS.
452
17
83
A.
3
0
4
P.
0
0
0
Total Credit.
RS.
8,333
164
1,239
A.
12
7
15
P.
1
8
5
Asylums.
Madras
...
...
...
Vizagapatam ... ... ...
Calicut
...
...
...
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Debit.
Value of
manufactured
goods in store
on 1st January
1891.
RS.
401
4
6
A.
9
8
6
P.
0
0
0
Value of
raw materials
in store on
1st January 1891.
RS.
387
3
A.
6
11
P.
11
0
...
Value of
plant and
machinery in
store on
1st January 1891.
RS.
452
9
12
A.
3
0
8
P.
0
0
0
Raw materials
purchased
and all other
charges.
RS.
2,389
66
560
A.
9
4
7
P.
0
3
10
Contingencies of
manufactures,
viz., indulgences
to lunatics as
reward for
work, &c.
RS.
A. P.
...
...
...
Charges for
work done
by Public
Works Depart-
ment.
RS.
A. P.
...
...
...
Total Debit.
RS.
3,630
83
579
A.
11
7
5
P.
11
3
10
Excess
of Credit or
Profit.
RS.
4,703
81
660
A.
0
0
9
P.
2
5
7
Excess of
Debit or Loss.
RS. A. P.
...
...
...
Net profit as
per memoran-
dum at foot.
RS.
7,710
94
868
A.
1
12
3
P.
10
11
7
Memorandum of actual profits.
Profits as per above table, column 17 ... ...
Difference of raw materials in store
...
...
Total...
Difference of manufactured goods in store...
Total ...
Difference of plant and machinery in store...
Total, Net Profit ...
Madras.
RS.
4,703
79
4,623
3,087
7,710
A.
0
14
1
0
1
P.
2
10
4
6
10
...
7,710 1 10
Waltair.
RS.
81
0
80
6
86
8
94
A.
0
7
9
3
12
0
12
P.
5
0
5
6
11
0
11
Calicut.
RS.
660
30
690
106
797
70
868
A.
9
2
11
12
7
12
3
P.
7
0
7
0
7
0
7
* Includes insanes employed on agricultural purposes.
†
Includes the value of garden produce.
8TH JUNE 1892, No. 1075, JUDICIAL.
GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS.
JUDICIAL
DEPARTMENT
READ—the following paper:—
From the Surgeon-General, dated Madras, 5th May 1892, No. 368.
ABSTRACT.—Submits the annual report on the working of the three Lunatic Asylums of
the Madras Presidency for 1891.
ORDER—dated 8th June 1892, No. 1075, Judicial.
The report upon the administration of Lunatic Asylums during 1891 is of a
more complete character than usual, but it was not received until three weeks after
the prescribed date; such delay should not be allowed to recur.
2. The following statement exhibits certain particulars regarding the population
of the Asylums during the last five years : —
Year.
1887
..
..
..
..
..
1888
..
..
..
..
..
1889
..
..
..
..
..
1890
..
..
..
..
..
1891
..
..
..
..
..
Population
remaining
on the 1st
January.
590
627
647
632
597
Admitted.
207
168
145
197
213
Total.
797
795
792
829
810
Discharged.
124
109
109
118
104
Died.
46
39
51
114
114
Remaining
at the close
of the year.
627
647
632
597
592
The only feature of this statement which calls for notice is the excessive mortality
which it shows to have occurred in 1890 and 1891, in which two years the death¬
rate amounted to no less than 18.38 and 18.57 per cent. respectively. The principal
causes of mortality during the last three years are shown below : —
Asylum.
Madras ..
Waltair ..
Calicut ..
Total number of
deaths.
1889.
43
..
8
1990.
81
6
26
1891.
97
4
13
Number of deaths from
Influenza.
1889.
..
..
..
1890.
19
..
..
1891.
2
..
..
Cholera.
1889.
1
..
..
1890.
15
..
12
1891.
8
..
..
Diarrhœa.
1889.
8
..
..
1890.
11
..
2
1891.
34
..
2
Dysentery.
1889.
6
..
3
1890.
9
2
2
1891.
11
2
1
The high mortality of 1891 is seen to be due to the prevalence of diarrhoea and
dysentery, to which 45 persons out of 182 attacked have succumbed. It appears to
Government that the general unhealthiness of the year—which is, no doubt, a fact—is
hardly sufficient to account for this outbreak of disease. The death-rate among
females in this Asylum continued remarkably high without apparent cause. It is
observed that the daily average sick-rate at Madras was low; and this is attributed
8TH JUNE 1892, No. 1075, JUDICIAL.
3
dieting at Calicut in the space of three years shows that there has been waste in the
past. The diet scale at these Asylums is the same as at Madras. It appears to the
Governor in Council that the administration of the Madras Asylum demands the closest
supervision by the Surgeon-General. He should report his authority for the state-
ment that indulgences in the form of extra food as rewards for work are debitable
to '' Manufactures "; the arrangement seems an unsuitable one. With reference to
his remarks in paragraph 12 (b) of the report, the Surgeon-General has apparently
lost sight of the fact that gingelly and cocoanut oil have been substituted for ghee in
the case of native patients by G.O., dated 30th July 1889, No. 1307, Judicial. The
average cost of dieting non-paying patients in each Asylum should be given separately
in the body of the report every year, in order that Government may be in a better
position to compare the outlay in the various institutions.
5. Particulars in respect of the employment of lunatics on manufactures appear
in the following statement : —
Asylum.
Madras .. ..
Waltair
..
..
Calicut
..
..
Average number
employed on
manufactures.
1889.
17
47
8
1890.
229
44
11
1891.
268
36
119.16
Percentage of
average number
employed to daily
average strength.
1889.
3.8
85.5
6.0
1890.
53.0
84.6
8.3
1891.
63.8
68.4
84.5
Profits
on manufactures.
1889.
RS.
260
86
169
1890.
RS.
2,786
42
202
1891.
RS.
4,703
81
661
Amount of profits per head of
average number employed.
1889.
R8.
15
1
21
A.
5
13
2
P.
0
0
0
1890.
RS.
12
0
18
A.
3
15
6
P.
0
0
0
1891.
RS.
17
2
5
A.
9
4
9
P.
0
0
0
The marked improvement in manufactures in 1891 forms a favorable feature of
the year's administration. The comparison with 1889 is deceptive, because prior to
1890 the outturn was valued at cost—instead of market prices. It is remarkable
that the change of account in 1890 should not have raised the value of the outturn
at Waltair and should have raised it so slightly at Calicut; the Surgeon-General
should enquire whether the new system of valuation has been brought into force at
these two places. The increase in the number of lunatics employed at Calicut during
the year under review is mainly, no doubt, due to the inclusion for the first time of
patients employed on such miscellaneous duties as paddy-husking ; the large increase
in numbers in the Madras Asylum in 1890 has not been explained. The Surgeon-
General has not furnished the supplemental statement prescribed in G.O., dated
24th March 1892, No. 607, Judicial, and in its absence the receipts per head of those
employed on manufactures proper cannot be calculated; the statement should be
submitted in future.
The Government agrees with the remarks in paragraph 13 of the report regarding
Statement XI, and the Government of India will be addressed on the subject. Both
this statement and Statement IX appear to be unnecessarily complicated.
(True Extract.)
J. F. PRICE,
Chief Secretary.
To the Surgeon-General.
„ District Magistrate, Vizagapatam.
„
„
„
Malabar.
„ Sanitary Commissioner.
„ Inspector-General of Jails.
Editors' Table.
Exd. A. Raitt.
Govt. of {1892} Madras.
JUDICIAL.
Issued
Recd.
Encl.
G.O., 8th June 1892, No. 1075.
JUNE.
Lunatic Asylums.
Reviewing the report on the — in the Madras
Presidency for the year 1891, and directing that
the Government of India be addressed regarding
Statements XI and IX of the report.
REPORT
OF THE
BOMBAY PLAGUE COMMITTEE,
APPOINTED BY GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION No. 1204/720P.,
ON THE
PLAGUE IN BOMBAY,
FOR THE PERIOD EXTENDING FROM THE 1st JULY 1897 TO THE 30th APRIL 1898.
Bombay:
PRINTED AT THE "TIMES OF INDIA" STEAM PRESS
1898.
OF THE
BOMBAY PLAGUE COMMITTEE,
APPOINTED BY GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION No. 1204/720P,
ON THE
PLAGUE IN BOMBAY,
FOR THE PERIOD EXTENDING FROM THE 1st JULY 1897 TO THE 30th APRIL 1898,
Under the Chairmanship of
Sir JAMES MACNABB CAMPBELL, K.C.I.E.
EXAMINED BY
CAPTAIN THE HON. E. MOSTYN, R.A.,
EXTRA SECRETARY, BOMBAY PLAGUE COMMITTEE.
Bombay:
PRINTED AT THE "TIMES OF INDIA" STEAM PRESS.
1898.
PRINTED AT
THE UNITED OF INDIAS PRESS,
BOMBAY.
CONTENTS.
Chapter
33
33
33
I.—Monthly Summaries
II.—Famine Relief
III.—Quarantine
IV.—The People
V.—Direct Methods of Combating Plague
VI.—Camps
VII.—Mortality
VIII.—Hospitals
Page
...
1
... 30
... 33
50
... 59
... 73
... 97
... 110
Appendix—
No.
35
33
33
33
33
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
Administrative Details"
Finance
A Selection of Rules, Circulars, &c.
Disinfectants
Steam Disinfectors
Rats
Inoculation
Some Bacteriological Observations
Explanation of Maps and Chart ...
List of Members of the Local Volunteer
mittees ...
... 165
... 170
... 173
... 197
201
... 204
... 207
... 209
... 212
Com-
... 215
PLANS.
No. 1 Byculla Camp.
„
2 Dadar Camp.
3 Modikhana Camp.
„
4 Modikhana Hospital.
MAPS (SEPARATE).
No. 1 Bombay, showing Wards and Hospitals.
„
2 Bombay, showing the course of the Epidemic,
„
3 Mortality Chart.
Corrigenda.
Page 7, l. 2, read Never above 500.
Page 26, l. 1-23, read The results were not satisfactory.
Though the reports stated that a
great many houses had been
visited, nevertheless the Cemetery
reports, &c.
Page 52, l. 31, for abundance read abstinence.
INTRODUCTION.
The first epidemic began in August 1896. It reached its
climax on January 19th, 1897, with a total death-rate for
the month of 7,627, which fell in February to 6,732, to 5,436 in
March, and, in spite of a serious renewal in Mandvi, to 4,578
in April, and to 2,331 in May. During June the total morta-
lity was 2,308, which is only 174 in excess of the average
of the five previous years. But taking into account the
estimated decline in population from the previous average of
850,000 to an actual strength of about 750,000, the June
returns show a comparative excess of 462 deaths, or of 17 per
cent.
Two main features of the Plague history of the hot-weather
months (March-June) of 1897 were (1st) the activity and
thoroughness with which, under the direction of Brigadier-
General Gatacre, the waning epidemic was dealt with by the
fresh and powerful organisation of the Plague Committee ; and
(2nd) the special difficulty with which that body had to deal in
the arrival in Bombay of, perhaps, 250,000 to 300,000 immi-
grants during the months of April, May and June.
ii
With the 30th of June, at which date the Report pre-
sented by General Gatacre closes, the Plague had been almost
extinguished. The City, however, was crowded with the desti-
tute immigrants above alluded to from the mofussil, most
of them in search of work. Labour was scarce, and the price
of grain very high. Thus, many houses which had been
declared unfit for habitation were unavoidably re-occupied.
It is not surprising, then, that, in spite of the extinction of the
Plague for the time being, an excessive mortality from all
causes should have set in. The excess in the first week of June
had been 40, which had sunk in the second week to 17, but
had then risen through 36 to 84 in the fourth week.
The Report now presented covers the succeeding ten
months, viz., from July 1st, 1897, to April 1898,
The first chapter narrates the history of those ten months,
detailing the progress of sickness and death, the movements of
the people, the seasonal conditions, the difficulties encountered,
and the measures introduced in each month. Succeeding
chapters are devoted to each of the more important features
or measures of the Committee's administration.
In the Appendices concise aspects or details of more or
less importance are dealt with ; a selection of orders, rules,
circulars, &c., most of which are referred to in the volume
of the Report are presented; the charts which accompany the
Report are explained; and, finally, a list is given of the
volunteer workers who responded to His Excellency the
Governor's appeal to the City to take its preservation into
its own keeping.
CHAPTER I.
MONTHLY SUMMARIES.
Staff.
JULY 1897.
THE chief difficulties of the early months under report (July—
September) were connected with the staff. The urgent demand
for Medical Officers on the North-West Frontier led to the removal
of a large number of the Chief Officers in charge of districts of the City
by whom, between March and June, the operations against the plague
had been carried out. Famine pressure and the scarcity of officers pre-
vented recruiting either from the Civil or the Military services. The
nominal strength of the Medical Staff was maintained, but reduction
was only avoided by substituting Assistant Surgeons for Covenanted
Medical Officers, Hospital Assistants for Assistant Surgeons, and Medi-
cal Students for Hospital Assistants. This evil was to some extent re-
moved in September by the arrival of the Medical Officers whose services
had been engaged by the Secretary of State in England. Though most
of these gentlemen had expected scientific hospital and laboratory em-
ployment rather than the purely administrative duties of house-searching
and disinfecting, they with few exceptions worked with vigour and
success. The services of Drs. Castellote, Gibson, Haydon and Hunt have
been of the greatest value to Bombay. At the same time it could not be
expected that gentlemen to whom the language and the people were
strange could fill the place of Covenanted Medical Officers with many
years' special training and knowledge of the people.
During the months of July and August the main duties of the Plague
Staff, in which several members of the Committee took an active share,
were the ascertaining and removal to hospital of cases of cholera and
2
plague, the disinfecting of the tainted houses, the destruction (due com-
pensation being allowed) of infected clothes and bedding, and the
supervision of hospitals. Cases were too few to necessitate a rigid
house-to-house visitation. But parties, consisting of a Medical Officer, an
Inspector or a Sub-Inspector, a lampman, a lockman, and one or two peons,
searched houses where there was information or suspicion of a case of
plague or cholera. Partly because during the rainy season camping was
not feasible, and partly from the small number of attacks, the work of dis-
infecting was limited to the cleansing of rooms where cases had occurred.
Except that when a case was sent to the hospital one of the family
accompanied the patient as an attendant, no segregation of Contacts, that
is, of the members of the family or others who live in the sick-room, was
enforced.
Type of disease.
The type of disease was generally bubonic, occasionally pneu-
monic, and occasionally choleraic. The duration of fatal attacks was
seldom under seven days. Mild cases were not uncommon which
recovered under home treatment, and did not infect other members
of the family.
The rainfall in June had been sufficient, with a fairly distributed
total of 13.85 inches. This favourable distribu-
tion of rain continued during July, the first week
showing 1.49 inches, the second 7'90, the third
10.65, and the fourth 8.94—a total fall of 28.98 inches.
Rainfall, June 1S97.
First Week
Second
Third
Fourth
2.48
5.07
5.39
0.91
Sickness and
Mortality.
During July, so far as recorded plague cases were an index, health
continued to improve. On the 11th July, with a total mortality not
much above normal, the Plague returns by the Municipal authorities for the
first time showed attacks 0, deaths 0. During the next week the regis-
tered number of Plague deaths continued extremely small, no deaths
being returned either on the 17th or 18th. The total mortality, however,
was less satisfactory. The returns for the 19th July showed 117 deaths
—higher than any daily total registered since the middle of April. Of
678 deaths recorded during the week ending July 20th, the bulk were
returned as due to debility, remittent fever and unknown causes.
Cholera also appeared in the monthly returns, with 15 fatal cases
in the first, and 34 fatal cases in the second week of July. Numbers
of beggars and impoverished labourers continued to find their way
into Bombay, and by the end of July cholera had made a serious
advance, the deaths recorded during the last week of the month from this
cause alone amounting to 84. The outbreak was most severe in Madan-
pura—a low-lying, dirty, ill-drained and badly-built quarter of Byculla,
3
chiefly inhabited by the North Indian Mahomedan hand-loom weavers,
called Julahas.
Movements
of the people.
JULY...
Arrivals—
Rail
Road
...
Sea
Departures—
Rail
Road
Sea
102,058
87,313
10,893
111,105
81,188
11,979
200,264
204,272
Excess.
4,008
Rainfall.
AUGUST.
During August the rainfall was 15.59 inches, and was well
distributed. The returns were during the first week 2.22 inches,
during the second 6.52, during the third 5.24, during the fourth 1.30,
and during the fifth 31.
Sickness and
mortality.
Cholera rose to 220 during the first week of August, but then
steadily and rapidly fell to 173, 143, 117 and 76.
The registered deaths from Plague were few. The weekly totals are
for the four weeks of July ;—7, 4, 9, 14, and for the five weeks of
August;—18, 6, 21, 13, 25. During this epidemic all cases of cholera,
so far as regards the removal of the sick to hospital and the disinfecting
of the house or room and of the drains and latrines, were treated as
cases of Plague. It is not possible to determine whether cases of
Plague with symptoms resembling cholera occurred in any considerable
numbers. On the whole, the fact that cholera disappeared within the
ordinary limit of a cholera epidemic favours the view that in the main
the cholera epidemie was unconnected with Plague. The death-rate
(per thousand a year)
during the eight weeks of
July and August shows a
gradual rise from 34.99 in
the first week of July to
65.61 in the first week of August, and then a steady fall to 48.29 during
the last week of that month. Though, during the months of July and
August, Plague was registered as causing only 117 deaths, yet the great
rise in total mortality from a yearly rate per thousand of 34.99 during
the week ending July 13th to 59.10 per thousand during the week ending
Week
ending-
July 13th
20th
27th
Aug. 3rd
10th
17th
24th
31st
Total
Deaths.
577
678
770
1.071
'985
978
866
814
Death-rate
on 1,000 a year.
34.99
41.57
46.31
65.61
59.10
52.52
51.73
49.29