NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
6 REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH,
(g) Farm cultivation and Dairy. The area of land under cultiva-
tion at Muktesar, excluding the Ritani garden, remained at 74 acres,
and it yielded produce valued at Rs. 14,186-7-9 at an expenditure of
Rs. 11,278-5-2 (excluding supervision). The area of land at Latoli
under cultivation also remained at 143½ acres : it yielded 11,208 maunds
of produce (namely, 10,050 maunds of green fodder and 1,158 maunds
of dry roughage); this yield is nearly double that of the preceding year
and would probably have been still greater had not 66 acres lain fallow
during the winter owing to stortage of funds. This area, if seeded with
barley and oats, as originally intended, would have yielded an apprecia-
ble rabi crop.
On the Izatnagar estate 250 acres were planted with kharif crops
and 174 acres with rabi crops, as compared with 262 and 253 acres,
respectively, in the preceding year. The yield was 1,055 maunds of
grains and 37,549 maunds of hay and grass. The estimated value of
the products was Rs. 34,549-3-3 and the expenditure Rs. 33,216-9-3.
The question of improving the estate is still under consideration and,
with this end in view, Mr. G. S. Henderson, N. D. D., N. D. A.,
Imperial Agriculturist, Pusa, inspected it towards the end of January
1929 to advise upon its development.
The financial condition of the Dairy at Muktesar for the period from
the 1st April, 1928, to the 31st March, 1929, has been worked out as
follows :-
The expenditure was Rs. 4,183-15-10, and the income Rs. 5,484-
13-7, leaving a profit of Rs. 1,300-13-9. The total quantity
of milk sold during the year was 16,277½ seers. The Gov-
ernment of India have now passed orders that the dairy and
the experimental herds should be amalgamated under the
designation of the "dairy herd". The new system will be
put into operation and will be reported upon after trial.
The Imperial Agriculturist, Pusa, Mr. G. S. Henderson, N. D. D.,
N. D. A., visited Muktesar in January 1929 to make recommendations
regarding the dairy cattle and these recommendations are now receiving
consideration.
(h) Laboratory Engineering Department. At Muktesar the quan-
tity of water pumped by the Power House Staff was 2,868,120 gallons.
The erection and test of the new 25 kilo watt generating set was
completed in May 1928 and since then it has been in regular operation.
For incubator beating and other laboratory operations 421,275
cubic feet of gas were generated.
The quantity of water evaporated in the steam boilers during 2,530
working hours, was 32,920 gallons ; this was used mainly for steriliza-
tion purposes in the large autoclaves and also partly for condensation
for the needs of the laboratory in distilled water.
In July 1928, the Institute was declared to be a factory and since
then it has been working under the provisions of the Indian Factories
Act of 1911.
8 REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH,
and drainage at Muktesar and devise a comprehensive scheme for their
improvement. It is understood that the experts have submitted their
report and it is now before the Government of India.
The declaration of inhabited tracts adjoining the Muktesar estate
as a Notified Area, which is interdependant with the improvement of
sanitation within the estate, is still under the consideration of the
Government of India.
Two thousand, nine hundred and thirty nine patients were treated
at the dispensary at the Branch Institute, Izatnagar. The general
health of the staff of the branch continued good throughout the year.
(k) Library. In addition to the periodicals received annually, 103
reports and 47 pamphlets were received during the year. The number
of text-books added to the library was 130.
(l) Finance. The general financial results of the working of the
Institute are displayed in Appendix VI. The actual expenditure
within the budget grant for the year was Rs. 7,14,727 and the income
Rs. 14,68,42i. These figures represent a gross profit on the year's
working of Rs. 7,53,694, as compared with Rs. 6,59,991 in the previous
year.
III. MANUFACTURE AND ISSUE OF SERA AND VACCINES.
A summary of the results reported to have been obtained in the field
after the use of these products is given in Appendix I.
(1) Rinderpest serum. Issued 49,32,954 (5 c. c.) doses, as against
48,60,758 in the preceding year. Of the quantity issued, 8,10,655 doses
were used for serum simultaneous inoculations as compared with 3,90,297
doses in the preceding year. The large increase in the use of this
method of immunization represents a highly satisfactory progressive
step, indicating greater appreciation of the value of the method, and
greater confidence in its safety. The quantity manufactured was
55,65,568 doses, as against 38,75,978 doses in 1927-28. The whole of
this quantity in the crude form was prepared at Izatnagar The total
stock (crude, and tested and passed for issue) in hand at the commence-
ment of the year (at Muktesar and Izatnagar) was 32,71,165 doses
(bottled 13,77,632 doses; crude 18,93,533 doses), and at the close
40,80,760 doses (bottled 6,32,614 doses ; crude 34,48,146 doses).
(2) Haemorrhagic septicaemia serum. Issued 4,80,648 (15 c. c.)
doses, as compared with 4,67,072 doses in 1927-28. The quantity
manufactured (at Izatnagar) was 5,72,220 doses, as compared with
2,66,440 doses in the preceding year. The stock in hand (at Muktesar
and Izatnagar) at the commencement of the year was 2,00,911 doses
(bottled 1,69,548 ; crude 31,363 doses), and at the close 2,61,850 doses
consisting solely of bottled serum.
(3) Haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine. Isssued 4,90,780 (5 c. c.)
doses, as compared with 4,48,153 doses in 1927-28. Manufactured
4,97,950 doses, as compared with 5,56,900 doses in the previous year,
Stock in hand at the commencement of the year 1,61,697 doses ; at
close 1,68,867 doses.
10 REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH,
the year as against 570 doses prepared and 356 doses issued in the pre-
ceding year.
(11) Contagious abortion (bovine) vaccine. One hundred and sixty-
four doses were prepared and issued during the year, as compared with 272
doses in the preceding year.
(12) Autogenous and specially prepared vaccines. Prepared and issued
50 doses of autogenous and 220 doses of " mixed " vaccine, as compared
with 10 doses of the former and 10 doses of the latter in the preceding
year.
(13) Rinderpest virus. (a) Issued 15,295 (1 c. c.) doses of virulent
rinderpest blood for the active immunization of cattle by the serum-
simultaneous method, as against 32,000 doses in 1927-28; about two-
thirds of this quantity was despatched during the earlier part of the year
to the Branch Institute at Izatnagar for the immunization of buffaloes
destined for the production of anti-rinderpest serum, where it was
supplanted later by the use of goat virus. (b) 246 ampoules (each 5 c. c.)
of goat virus were issued during the year from Muktesar, of which 87
were sent to the Branch Institute. The issue for the preceding year was
175 ampoules.
(14) Fowl cholera serum. 450 doses of the product were issued during
the year as against nil in the previous year. The manufacture of
this product will be continued in future only if a sufficient demand for
it is received.
NOTE.—The total issues during 1928-29 were again appreciably higher than those of
1927-28, namely, 63,06,405 as against 61,33,509 total doses. The income for the year
under report was consequently higher than in the preceding year, namely, Rs. 13,75,834-8-0
as against Rs. 11,98,357-15-11.
IV. INSTRUCTION.
An intersive post-graduate course of instruction in accordance with the
system defined in the Government of India, Department of Education,
Health and Lands, letter No. 1549-Agri., dated the 14th August, 1926,
was held from the 16th May to the 31st July, 1928. The following
officers of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps attended the course :—
Major H. Allen, Remount Depôt, Mona, Punjab.
Major G. K. Shaw, Jubbulpore, Central Provinces.
Lt. J. F. L. Taylor, Secunderabad.
Lt. J. S. Kingston, Risalpur, Punjab.
The following officers, who had been deputed by their respective
Governments to undergo practical training at this Institute, were also
accorded permission to attend the classes :—
Mr. N. D. Dasan, Senior Veterinary Inspector, H. E. H.
The Nizam's Government.
Mr. M. James, Senior Veterinary Inspector, Central Provinces.
Lt. Ram Chandra Misra, Veterinary Officer, Rewa State.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1929
11
The total number of lectures given was 64, of which the Director gave
43, the Pathologist 6, and the Protozoologist and some other technical
members of the staff the remainder. In addition, a very large number
of practical demonstrations and exercises were given to the class by the
above-mentioned officers.
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Mr. N. N. Banerji, of the Bengal Civil
Veterinary Department, attended for a course of practical training for
three months.
Veterinary Inspector, Mr. Abdulla Khan, from the office of the Camel
Specialist, Sohawa, Punjab, attended for ten days for instruction in the
technique of the intrathecal injection for surra.
An officer, Mr. P. S. Nair, of the Provincial cadre of the Central
Provinces Civil Veterinary Department, arrived on the 15th November,
1928, for an eight months' course of training.
All the officers under training spent some period at the Branch.
Institute at Izatnagar, and received there instruction concerning the
technical processes in progress from the officer in charge.
Mr. S. K. Sen, Protozoologist, carried out the duties of Secretary
in connection with all instruction given during the year.
V. RESEARCH.
(a) Rinderpest. The intensive work, initiated by Dr. Edwards upon
his advent to the Institute, mainly with a view to the isolation and
cultivation of the causal organism, was prosecuted again as the main
item of research during the year, and very marked progress was made.
The use of the " goat virus " method of serum-simultaneous inocula¬
tion introduced by Dr. Edwards was applied by trained officers of the
Institute staff in the " field " at seven establishments, namely, Welling-
ton, Bangalore and Karnal farms under the Imperial Department of
Agriculture, a dairy farm under the charge of the Civil Veterinary De-
partment, Bihar and Orissa, the Mona Remount Depôt and a dairy
farm at Rawalpindi under the Military Department, and the Allahabad
Agricultural Institute. One thousand three hundred and seventy cattle
were immunized by this method without a single casualty.
The utility of goat "strains" of rinderpest virus maintained at the
Institute was compared with the hill bull " strain "; and research work
in other directions upon the routines processes of serum manufacture
was continued.
(b) Surra. The application in a field trial of the curative treatment
of equine surra, by intrathecal intravenous injections of " Bayer 205 ",
devised by Dr. Edwards, was briefly referred to in the preceding annual
report. A total number of 57 naturally infected cases in equines oc-
curring at the Mona Remount Depôt was submitted to the treatment.
Six animals (or 10.53 per cent.) died or were destroyed as a result of
accidents in the application of the treatment, or from causes other than
surra, and three animals (or 5.88 per cent.) of the remaining number
(51 animals) showed a re-appearance of trypanasomes 78, 90 and 97
14 REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH,
yet the epithelium overlying the lesion remained infective. Seventy-one
of the guinea pigs apparently died directly from the effects of foot-and-
mouth disease. They exhibited profuse buccal discharge during life,
and in a few cases minute ulcers were detected on the buccal mucous
membrane post-mortem. Thirty-six of the animals died without showing
salivation, and 88 survived.
(e) Johne's disease. A further large scale experiment was planned
by Dr. Edwards, in continuation of the indirect method, referred to in
the last annual report of this Institute, of ascertaining the vaccinating
relationships between the bacilli of Johne's disease and the avian type
of tubercle bacilli, in order to confirm the inconclusive results obtained
during the previous year. The results of the experiment should become
known during the current year.
An incidental finding of interest occurring in connection with the
experiment was that the four strains of Johne's disease bacilli, obtained
for this work from America and France, all multiplied and became
disseminated through the organs upon inoculation into small laboratory
animals, rabbits and guinea pigs. In many cases the bacilli were
apparently responsible for abnormal enlargement of organs, and in a
few guinea pigs tubercle-like lesions resulted. The organisms were
recoverable in culture and appeared to have retained the usual cultural
characteristics of Johne's disease bacilli.
(f) "Ranikhet" fowl disease. This disease is referred to in last
year's annual report and it appears to have spread widely throughout
India during the year under report resulting in enormous losses among
poultry. A strain of the virus was obtained at the Institute from an
outbreak in the Garhwal District of the United Provinces and was
maintained for study in fowls by passage from the 1st of November,
1928, until the end of the year. Passage was carried out without
difficulty using mouth washings injected subcutaneously, after filteration
through a fine bacterial filter. Symptoms were shown, consisting of a
sudden fall in temperature and loss of appetite only, about the
fourth day at first, but after a number of passages the incubation period
became reduced to 3 or even to 2 days. Death occurred from six to
twelve days after injection. About 5 per cent. or less of the fowls
experimented upon proved to be fully resistant to the disease, and about
15 per cent. became affected and recovered.
Serum drawn from a few fowls which had recently recovered from the
experimental disease, gave distinctly promising results, when tested upon
other fowls, as a prophylactic against the virus. Experiments are now
in progress in regard to the manufacture for issue, if possible, of a
preventive serum against the disease.
The studies carried out upon the disease so far indicate that it is
probably identical with the disease called "Newcastle disease" by
Doyle in England, as already suggested in the annual report for the
preceding year.
(g) Tetanus. Experimental work was taken up for the production
of anti-tetanic serum and is still in progress.
16 REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH,
prepared for use against haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle, was
prepared, and 76 goats received in four separate consignments of healthy
animals purchased at Muktesar were divided into two equal parts.
One-half of them were vaccinated, and the other half kept unvaccinated
as controls. The vaccine, however, proved to be of no value in prevent-
ing the pneumonic lesion, for both the vaccinated and the control goats
alike continued to exhibit the same lesion, some before they were used
for rinderpest work, and others during the course of this disease.
A complete bacteriological study was then made upon 50 con-
secutive cases of pneumonia detected in the post-mortem rooms at
Muktesar irrespective of the species of animal or its history. The lungs
of the following animals were thus examined:—One buffalo, 11 hill
bulls, 32 goats, 5 sheep and 1 fowl. A pasteurella organism was
recovered in culture in 42 cases including 21 times in pure culture.
It was present in the lungs of one buffalo, 8 hill bulls, 1 sheep and all
the goats either alone or together with other organisms.
Further work is necessary upon this subject before any definite
conclusions can be arrived at.
(l) Other diseases. Research work was started or continued also
upon blackquarter, bovine coccidiosis, bovine nasal granuloma, malaria
in buffaloes and fowl pox.
(m) Miscellaneous. The total number of post-mortem examinations
carried out at Muktesar was 2,070. The total number of blood smears
examined from experimental and other animals in the station was
3,260.
The number of specimens received from outside sources (excluding
sera for agglutination test and blood smears) was 54 ; the number of
blood smears received was 85; the number of samples received for
examination by means of the agglutination test was 373 (bovine abor-
tion 59, equine abortion 313, glanders 1). The results are stated
briefly in Appendix III. Results of particular interest were the confirm-
ation of the actinomyces ray fungus in a suspected lesion received from
Bihar, and the isolation of B. abortivo-equinus from two cases of
joint-ill in foals.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1929 17
APPENDIX I.
Summary of results of inoculations in the field of the different products
issued from the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research,
Muktesar, during the year 1928-29.
District
United Provinces.
Rinderpest
.
.
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter serum .
.
Anthrax
.
.
.
.
Punjab.
Rinderpest
.
.
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
seram.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter serum .
.
Anthrax
.
.
.
.
N.-W.F. Province.
Rinderpest .
.
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter
.
.
Anthrax
. . .
Sindh and Rajputana.
Rinderpest
.
.
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter
.
.
.
Anthrax
.
.
.
.
Number of outbreaks in
which
inoculation
was
undetaken
631
665
...
134
...
401
472
1,058
123
...
21
28
...
...
...
207
25
...
...
...
NUMBER OF ANI-
MALS WHICH DIED
UNINOCULATED IN
COURSE OF OUT¬
BREAK
Equines
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2,153
...
...
...
...
Bovines
7,876
2,658
...
1,072
4,071
2,797
27
...
...
399
313
...
...
...
...
201
...
...
...
Others
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS
INOCULATED
Equines
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
16,534
...
...
...
...
Bovines
88,324
51,725
...
19,698
...
75,003
91,141
6,232
28,100
...
5,657
6,717
...
...
....
...
2,266
...
...
...
Others
2,734
30
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS WHICH
DIED AFTER
INOCULATION
Equines
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines
55
6
...
4
...
83
21
...
...
...
6
...
...
...
...
264
23
...
...
...
Others
37
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH,
APPENDIX I—contd.
Summary of results of inoculations in the field of the different products
issued from the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research,
Muktesar, during the year 1928-29—contd.
District
Assam.
Rinderpest
.
.
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Anthrax
.
.
.
Blackquarter
.
.
.
Bihar and Orissa.
Rinderpest
.
.
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter serum .
Anthrax
.
.
.
.
Bombay.
Rinderpest....
Hæmorrhagic septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter
.
.
Anthrax
.
.
Madras.
Rinderpest
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Blackquarter
.
.
.
Anthrax
.
.
.
.
Bengal.
Rinderpest
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Anthrax
.
.
.
.
Number
of
outbreaks in
which
inoculation
was
undertaken
57
38
...
71
...
793
696
23
275
36
107
52
319
5
1,872
126
37
9
196
19
4
NUMBER OF ANI¬
MALS WHICH DIED
UNINOCULATED
IN
COURSE OF OUT¬
BREAK
Equines
...
2
...
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines
1,316
310
...
547
...
8,288
62,811
60
1,686
277
1,312
172
2,263
28
48,522
434
352
128
3,169
...
15
Others
...
1
...
14
...
...
...
...
...
...
32
...
...
33
9
...
...
1
...
...
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS
INOCULATED
Equines
...
24
...
275
...
1,305,359
129,791
5,910
59,928
...
...
...
...
...
152,062
19,570
...
19
...
...
...
Bovines
4,790
3,155
...
4,050
...
...
...
...
...
7,361
4,356
6,020
29,297
533
...
...
8,776
556
38,314
2,682
439
Others
...
11
...
94
...
...
...
...
...
...
499
...
...
511
1,293
...
...
3
...
...
...
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS WHICH
DIED AFTER
INOCULATION
Equines
...
...
...
...
...
...
73
6
52
...
...
...
...
...
...
119
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines
44
6
...
10
...
776
...
...
...
30
68
18
89
3
1,078
...
6
113
5
24
Others
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
....
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1929
19
APPENDIX I—contd.
Summary of results of inoculations in the field of the different product
issued from the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research
Muktesar, during the year 1928-29—contd.
District
Hissar Cattle Farm.
Rinderpest .
.
.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter
.
.
.
Anthrax
....
Central Provinces.
Rinderpest .
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter
.
Anthrax
Mysore etc.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter
.
Baluchistan
Rinderpest
....
Anthrax
....
Bengal Vety. College.
Rinderpest
....
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
serum.
Burma.
Rinderpest
....
Number of outbreaks in
which
inoculation
was
undertaken
1
1
1
1
1,206
267
129
170
12
6
16
204
1
2
14
2
746
NUMBER OF ANI¬
MALS WHICH DIED
UNINOCULATED IN
COURSE OF OUT¬
BREAK
Equines
...
...
...
..
...
...
1
...
35
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines
3
1,333
...
1
1
8,672
4
11
423
49
172
124
626
204
6
26
50
11,021
Others
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
56
...
14
...
NUMBER OF
ANIMAL
INOCULATED
Equines
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
6
...
...
...
...
Bovines
339
1,039
1,210
918
...
171,153
35,257
43,157
16,305
1,188
463
1,918
26,911
1,848
...
734
117
106,478
Others
...
...
...
...
...
85
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS WHICH
DIED AFTER
INOCULATION
Equines
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
306
...
550
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines
...
9
1
16
...
236
101
2
2
24
...
7
5
9
...
12
...
1,361
Others
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
20 REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH,
APPENDIX II.
Table showing amounts of various products prepared and issued from the
Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar, during t
year 1928-29, as compared with the average amounts of the previou
5 years.
Name of product
Anti-Rinderpest serum .
.
Anthrax serum .
.
Hæmorrhagic septicæmia serum
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia
vaccine.
Blackquarter aggressin .
.
Mallein
....
TOTAL
DOSES PREPARED
1928-29
4,167,550
37,507
572,220
497,950
234,200
131,796
5,641,223
Average of
previous
5 years
4,512,064
40,764
383,846
299,720
204,782
62,483
5,503,659
DOSES ISSUED
1928-29
4,932,954
40,033
480,648
490,780
222,419
34,309
6,201,143
Average of
previous
5 years
4,074,257
45,692
346,794
267,571
70,880
50,014
4,855,208
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1929 21
APPENDIX III.
Table showing the details of specimens received and examined at the
Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar, during the
year 1928-29.
Nature of specimens
Abortion, bovine
„
equine (agglutination test)
„
„
fœtuses
.
.
.
„
„
joint-ill
.
Actinomycosis
....
Amœbic dysentery (dog)
.
Anthrax. .
.
.
.
.
Blackquarter
....
Bursatti
.....
Coccidiosis (rabbits) .
.
.
Eosinophilia
....
Epizootic lymphangitis
.
Fowl cholera
....
Glanders (agglutination test)
.
„
tissue
....
Hæmatoma
....
Hæmendothelionia
Hæmogregarines
Hæmorrhagic septicæmia . .
Inflammatory tumours
.
.
Johne's disease .
.
.
Kumri
....
Microfilaria
.
.
.
Parasitic lesions
.
.
Piroplasmosis, bovine (theileriasis)
„
canine (P. Canis)
„
„
(P. Gibsoni)
„
equine (P. Caballi)
Pneumonia (dog)
„
equine (diphtheroid)
„
interatitial
Ranikhet poultry disease
Surra
....
Tuberculosis
Miscellaneous
.
.
.
Parasites identified
.
.
TOTAL
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Positive
14
8
1
2
1
1
3
2
3
3
...
...
...
...
2
1
1
...
2
2
4
...
2
1
5
1
2
3
1
8
1
1
1
3
7
17
103
Negative
43
256
7
...
...
...
5
...
...
...
5
5
...
1
3
...
...
1
4
...
3
1
...
...
8
}9
11
...
4
...
3
6
3
...
...
378
Doubtful
2
49
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
53