NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
4
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPL. INST. OF VETY. RESEARCH,
(c) Engineering Section.—In this Section there has again been an
increase in output, as disclosed by the following table :—
Item.
Current generated, K. W. H. units
.
Water pumped, gallons
....
„ distilled, litres
....
„ evaporated, lb.
...
.
Gas produced, cubit feet
....
Blood centrifuged, litres
....
Gram, etc., crushed, maunds
.
.
.
1931-32
69,669
50,41,490
14,869
3,66,000
3,25,430
929
1,289
1932-33
76,028
53,44,240
14,109
3,99,000
4,01,250
1,313
1,609
Percentage
decrease or
increase.
+9.1
+6
-5.1
+9
+23.3
+41.3
+24.8
Compared with the year 1929-30 there has been an increase of 52
per cent. in the number of units of electricity generated, while the
quantity of water pumped has increased by 119 per cent. The large
increase in the latter is due to the fact that a 24 hours supply of water
is now made constantly available, and it s pleasing to be able to record
that this improvement has been effected without any increase in cost
to Government. In fact, the maintenance charges of the Power
House during the last 3 years have been reduced by about 28 per
cent.
A scheme costing about Rs. 50,000, for improving the water
supply of the Institute, was submitted to the Government of India
during the year, but it has not yet been sanctioned.
Further extensions to the electrical system were carried out by the
Institute Engineer, by arrangement with the Public Works Depart-
ment, with the result that the entire centre block of buildings is now
wired, and such places as the Hospital and Charbon (now called Proto¬
zoological) Laboratory, which are situated at some distance from the
Power House, are also provided with electricity.
A new incubator room, the largest in the laboratory, was insulated
and fitted with a gas heating apparatus by the Institute Engineer
during the year, and is now working very efficiently.
(d) Medical and Sanitary Section.—The number of patients treated
at the Muktesar dispensary during the year was 3,948 out-patients and
52 in-patients, as compared with 3,878 out-patients and 49 in-patients
during the previous year. The number of minor operations performed
dropped to 87, but 5 major operations, as compared with none in the
previous year, were performed, and the number of labour cases attended
by the midwife rose from 16 to 21.
The general health of the station was good and no epidemic occurred.
A few cases of measles occurred amongst the children attending the
Primary School, but prompt measures were taken and the disease soon
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1933.
5
died out. Only one death occurred amongst hospital patients and this
was from Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A systematic examination was
made of the subordinates in the Sections where this disease has been
most troublesome in the past, but no further cases were discovered.
It is hoped, therefore, that the steps which have been taken to prevent
the further spread of this disease may prove successful.
(e) Construction and repairs.—No major works were constructed
during the year. The chief items of minor works completed at Muk-
tesar were :—
Rs.
(1) Demolition of hinder row of Veterinary Assistant's quarters.
360
(2) Improvements to P. W. D. Timber Shed to utilize the same
as Recreation Club
.......
630
(3) Installation of electric current in certain buildings
.
.
858
(4) Converting a portion of the verandah of the Primary School
into a Class room
300
(f) Apparatus and appliances.—The allotment under the head
"Chemicals and Apparatus" was only Rs. 7,000, but this proved in-
sufficient and Rs. 14,363-14-3 was actually spent, the balance being
met by re-appropriation. In addition, English stores, including the
requirements of the Production Section, were purchased to the extent
of Rs. 18,000 against an allotment of Rs. 19,000.
(g) Library.—The total number of periodicals and reports sub-
scribed for and regularly received now amounts to 242, and in addition
158 pamphlets and bulletins were received either free or in exchange
during the year. The number of text-books added to the Library was
101.
The catalogue of the Library was received from the Press during
the year and distributed to all officers in India interested in Veteri-
nary Science. As a result, increasing use is now made of this valuable
collection of books, both by officers working in the Institute and as a
lending Library by officers outside.
(h) Small Animals.—The following table shows the number of
healthy small animals used in experiments and the number remaining
in stock at the end of the year :—
Animals.
Rabbits
Guineapigs .
Dogs .
Fowls .
Rats .
Pigeons
Mice .
Monkeys
Opening
balance
on 1st
April
1932.
107
100
1
3
25
...
...
...
Pur-
chased
131
199
32
147
...
8
24
2
Born.
141
183
1
...
...
59
Total.
379
482
34
150
25
8
63
2
Issued
for ex-
periment.
215
209
20
102
7
...
5
2
Sold.
..
2
..
..
..
...
...
...
Died.
89
89
12
31
18
3
22
...
Total.
304
300
32
133
25
3
27
2
Balance
on 31st
March
1933.
75
182
2
17
...
5
56
6
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPL. INST. OF VETY. RESEARCH,
III.—PRODUCTION.
Although the total issues shown in Appendices I and II are greater
than the average of the previous 5 years, it should be explained that the
figures under Special anti-Rinderpest serum include 12¼ lacs of doses of
this serum transferred to Preventive Serum, on account of lack of
demand for special serum, and the figures for Preventive anti-Rinderpest
serum also include an amount of over 2 lacs of doses, which were made
two years previously but not discarded until the year under report.
As regards sales to customers the figure for 1932-33 is approxi-
mately 43½ lacs of doses of all products, as compared with 47 lacs of
doses in the previous year, and almost the whole of this deficit is due to
another drop in the demand for anti-Rinderpest serum. It is also of
interest to note that, presumably owing to a reduction in the number
of horses maintained in the Army, there has been a reduction in the
demand for Mallein of 25,000 doses in the last two years.
The results of the costing system of accounts, which were instituted
at the Imperial Veterinary Serum Institute, Izatnagar, on 1st August
1930, are now available and the following table shows the details of the
production work at that Institute for the last two years :—
Name of product.
Anti-Rinderpest serum .
Anti-Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
serum
....
Anti-Blackquarter serum
Blackquarter Aggressin .
Anti-Anthrax serum
1931-32.
Quantity
produced.
Doses.
18,65,101
91,668
Nil
72,250
Nil
Rate per
dose.
Rs. as. ps.
0 1 4.47
0 3 7.35
Nil
0 3 3.74
Nil
1932-33.
Quantity
produced.
Doses.
35,45,311
2,06,674
37,752
39,850
17,226
Rate per
dose.
Rs. as. ps.
0 0 11.5
0 2 1.9
0 2 3.8
0 3 1.5
0 3 0
The figures for 1932-33 have not yet been audited, but they may be
taken as being approximately correct, and it is satisfactory to be able to
report, therefore, that when the manufacture of anti-Rinderpest serum
at Izatnagar is undertaken on a large scale it can be produced at a cost
of less than one anna per dose.
As a result of the figures disclosed by the audit of the accounts for
1931-32 the Government of India agreed to the revision of the prices
of the products issued by the two institutes, as shown in Appendix VII,
and it is anticipated that, with the all-round reduction which has been
effected, there will again be an increase in the demand for the main
products of these Institutes, at least until the conditions, against which
they are employed, are brought more effectively under control.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1933.
7
With the better accommodation provided by the new buildings at
Izatnagar, it was possible to effect considerable improvements in the
technical processes connected with routine serum production, and, as a
result, most of the serum prepared during the year under review was of
high quality. Although it has not yet been possible to obtain absolute
sterility, which is a matter of the greatest difficulty when dealing with
serum in such enormous quantities as is usually the case at Izatnagar,
yet in every brew of anti-Rinderpest serum prepared during the year the
bacterial content was so low as to be entirely negligible.
IV.—INSTRUCTION.
The annual post-graduate refresher course was held from 25th April
to 1st July 1932, when the following officers attended : —
(1) Mr. S. M. A. Shah, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department, North-West Frontier Province.
(2) Mr. Laxmi Sahai, M.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., Disease Investigation
Officer, Bihar and Orissa.
(3) Mr. Bachan Singh, M.R.C.V.S., Disease Investigation
Officer, Central Provinces.
(4) Mr Munshi Ram Mahajan, M.R.C.V.S., Disease Investiga-
tion Officer, Hyderabad-Deccan.
(5) Mr. Thomas D'Costa, G.B.V.C., Government Veterinary
Inspector, Singapore.
(6) Mr. Jainti Ram, G.P.V.C., Deputy Superintendent, Civil
Veterinary Department, Punjab.
(7) Mr. G. G. Chebbi, G.B.V.C., Veterinary Assistant Surgeon,
Bombay.
(8) Mr. S. C. Roy, B.Sc., G.B.V.C.
At the completion of the course, the three Disease Investigation
Officers continued at the Institute for a further period of three months'
training.
The following officers attended short courses of practical training
during the year :—
(1) Mr. S. M. Sarwar, M.R.C.V S., Disease Investigation Officer,
Punjab.
(2) Mr. Amar Nath Sudan, Veterinary Assistant Surgeon,
Dhampur.
(3) Mr. Mulkh Raj Dhanda, L. V.P.
Mr. Abdul Hassan Razzak of the Iraq Civil Veterinary Department
arrived for twelve months' training on 5th November 1932.
Mr. M. G. Sekharan, L.V.P., and Mr. Muhammad Yakub, L.V.P.,
left the Institute on 28th October 1932, and 16th March 1933, respec-
tively, after completing 16 and 24 months' training in each case.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1933.
9
of Schistosome worm, while he was able to confirm, what has been
suspected before but never proved, that Burs ti is due to the blocking
of capillaries with the larvae of one of the species of Habronema,
a worm which is commonly found in the stomach of the horse.
In the Section of Protozoology, a definite advance in the subject of
Theileria infection in cattle can be recorded, and this achievement Mr. S.
K. Sen, who has carried on the work of this Section under considerable
difficulties for the last two years, deserves the greatest credit. The
identity of the parasite responsible for the acute cases of Theileriasis,
which have been recorded at this Institute and amongst imported
animals from time to time in the past, is still a matter for conjecture,
but in view of the regularity with which hill bulls, which are known to
be carriers of Th. mutans, can now be fatally infected with it, it seems
probable that the parasite now under study is a species which has not
previously been recorded in this country. Unfortunately experimental
treatment of this parasite has not proved successful, and so far no drug
has been shown to exert any curative effect.
Mr. Sen has also collected, both from the field and as a result of
experimental work at this Institute, a considerable amount of information
in regard to the much disputed point as to whether the intravenous
injection of any drug will effect a permanent cure of Surra in the horse,
and it seems from the evidence now available that, if Bayer 205 be
selected as the curative agent, the answer to this question is definitely
in the affirmative.
Altogether 1,237 specimens is 602 consignments were received from
outside sources and dealt with in the research sections during the year,
as compared with 1,536 specimens in 467 consignments in 1931-32. The
details of the specimens are given in Appendix IV and their origin
was as follows :—
Army Department .
. .
.
Provincial Civil Veterinary
Departments
Private persons
Indian States
Foreign
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Total
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
384
128
67
20
3
602
VI.—PUBLICATIONS.
The papers named below were submitted by members of the staff
during the year for publication in the Indian Journal of Veterinary
Science and Animal Husbandry, except where otherwise stated :—
Mr. G. D. Bhalerao.
(1) On some Nematode parasites of goats and sheep at Muktesar:
(2) A note on the probability of infection of man and domestic
carnivores by Isoparorchis trisimilitubis.
(3) On the identity of the Schistosome found in cases of bovine
Nasal Granuloma and some observations on a few other members of the
Schistosomidae.
10
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPL. INST. OF VETY. RESEARCH,
(4) Preliminary note on the life history of the common fluke in
India, Fasciola gigantica.
(5) On a new species of Gongylonema (Nematoda) from the
domestic fowl.
(6) On two unreported Nematodes from the abomasum of cattle in
India.
(7) On a few Nematodes parasitic in goats.
Captain S. C. A. Datta.
(1) Diagnosis and treatment of sterility in the stallion and the
bull.
(2) Congenital blindness in calves in India—A resumé of the
position.
(3) Schistosoma indicum Montgomery, 1906, as the cause of a
persistent debility in equines in India, with a description of the
lesions.
Dr. K. C. Sen.
(1) Mineral Metabolism of Farm animals
(2) A note on the reversible oxidation reduction of glutathione in
liver (Ind. Journ. of Med. Res.).
Dr. K. C. Sen and Mr. A. C. Roy.
(1) The seasonal variation of lime and phosphoric acid in some hill
pastures (Agri. and Livestock in India).
(2) Serum proteins of healthy hill bulls and their variations during
Rinderpest and after recovery
Messrs. J. D'Costa and Balwant Singh.
(1) Clinical syndrome of Rinderpest in goats in India.
(2) Duration of immunity in calves inoculated by the bull virus cum
serum method against Rinderpest.
Messrs. J. R. Haddow, Dr. K. C. Sen, and Mr. A. C. Roy.
(1) On the fractional precipitation of the antibody containing
proteins of anti-Rinderpest serum.
Captain S. C. A. Datta and Mr. V. R. Rajagopalan.
(1) An unusual case of chronic Rinderpest with special reference to
the carrier problem in this disease.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1933.
11
Mr. H. Cooper.
(1) Rinderpest.—The Transmission of Infection by contact.
Mr. S. K. Sen.
(1) The curative treatment of Surra (Trypanosoma evansi infection)
in equines by means of " Bayer 205 " (Naganol).
Mr. P. R. Krishna Iyer.
(1) Keratoma in the pedal bone of a horse.
Mr. F. Ware.
(1) A description of the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research
Muktesar, and its sub-station the Imperial Veterinary Serum Institute
Izatnagar (Monograph).
VII.—FINANCE.
According to Appendix V the figures of receipts and expenditure
for the two Institutes for the year under report are Rs. 9,22,805
and Rs. 6,34,456, respectively, giving a surplus of Rs. 2,88,349
for the year, as compared with Rs. 3,72,995 in 1931-32.
There was a drop of nearly Rs. 1 lac under income, due almost
entirely to reduction in demand for anti-Rinderpest serum. Expendi-
ture at Muktesar was still further reduced by Rs. 37,000 as compared
with the previous year, but there was an increase in the expendi-
ture at Izatnagar by about Rs. 24,000. This is very small, however,
when it is remembered that nearly twice as much anti-Rinderpest
serum was manufactured in 1932-33 as in the previous year.
VIII.-GENERAL.
The Director, four Section officers from Muktesar and the Deputy
Director, Imperial Veterinary Serum Institute, Izatnagar, attended the
first meeting of the Animal Husbandry Wing of the Board of Agricul-
ture, which was held in New Delhi from the 20th to the 23rd February
1933.
The Government of India have decided to remove the Muktesar
Institute, except the Dairy attached to it, from the list of commercial
concerns, and every effort is now being made to concentrate the routine
products of the two Institutes at Izatnagar, which Institute will
continue to be run on commercial lines.
Throughout the year the whole staff worked with that loyalty and
enthusiasm, which one has learnt to expect at Muktesar and Izatnagar,
and it is, therefore, difficult to select any officer for individual mention.
C
12
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPL. INST. OF VETY. RESEARCH,
Amongst the Section officers, however, apart from those already named
special praise must be accorded to Mr. J. D'Costa, Deputy Director,
Imperial Veterinary Serum Institute, Izatnagar, and Sheikh Nasir
Ahmed, Estate Manager, Muktesar, whose efforts in connection with
the commercial activities of the two Institutes with which they are
concerned, have proved so successful.
The following distinguished gentlemen visited Muktesar during the
year under review:—
Mr. C. T. Allen, C.I.E., Cawnpore.
Mr. P. J. Kerr, I.V.S., Veterinary Adviser to the Government
of Bengal.
Mr. A. E. Osmaston, I.F.S., Conservator of Forests, Kumaon
Circle.
Mr. L. Owen, I.C.S., Deputy Commissioner, Naini Tal.
Nawab Rais Jung Bahadur, Director, His Exalted Highness
The Nizam's Veterinary Department, Hyderabad.
Mr. L. M. Stubbs, C.S.I., C.I.E., I.C.S., Commissioner,
Kumaon Division.
Lt.-Col. L. M. Verney, D.S.O., Assistant Director of Veterinary
Services, Eastern Command, Naini Tal.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1933.
13
REPORT OF THE PATHOLOGY SECTION.
(CAPT. S. C. A. DATTA, B.SC., M.R.C.V.S.,
Temporary Veterinary Research Officer.)
I—JOHNE'S DISEASE.
Vaccination of alternate newly born calves in the Johne herd,
established in 1931, was continued but as two of the calves vaccinated
with a Johne culture died of this disease within a period of 21 to 23
months after vaccination, the question of modifying the technique is
being taken up in order that it may conform more closely to the
original procedure, as elaborated by Vallée and Rinjard.
Experience during the year indicated that the direct examination of
faecal samples is sufficient for enabling a diagnosis to be made of this
disease in a number of cases. Further work in this connection is in
progress.
Further evidence of the widespread nature of this disease in India
was obtained from specimens from two dairy herds, where it was
previously unsuspected.
II—TUBERCULOSIS.
The reactions of a strain of B. tuberculosis, recovered from a cow
in 1931, were examined, both culturally and by small animal inocula-
tion, and from the results so far available, the strain appears to be of
the bovine type.
Some work has also been done in connection with another strain
of the tubercle bacillus, which was obtained from a case of tuberculous
mastitis, encountered in a dairy cow at a Military Dairy Farm in the
Punjab. Diagnosis was arrived at by biological tests with centrifuged
deposits from milk, and this was confirmed later at autopsy by the
finding of generalised tuberculosis of the lungs, pleura, udder and
associated lymphatic glands. Cultural reactions of this strain confor-
med to the bovine type. This case is of interest, since there are only
two previous cases of tuberculous mastitis in the cow on record in
India.
Another strain of tubercle bacilli was recovered culturally from the
lung lesions in a rabbit, in which the disease was set up by experimen-
tal inoculation of a specimen of sputum from a local human case of the
disease. The reactions of this strain were studied on Bordet-Gengou
and the usual differential media, as a result of which the strain appeared
to be of the human type.
Histological examination was carried out on preserved tissues from
a horse and two camels in Sindh and from a camel in Lahore, and
tuberculosis was diagnosed in each case. A curious feature of the
lesions in the camels was the entire absence of giant-cells.
C 2
14
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPL. INST. OF VETY. RESEARCH,
A finding of considerable singnificance was recorded by Soparkar
in 1927 when he was able to isolate fully virulent tubercle bacilli from
material of an apparent reactor to the subcutaneous tuberculin test,
although a thorough post-mortem examination failed to reveal macro-
scopic lesions. Two more such cases of a typical or ' no-lesion ' tuberculo-
sis have been encountered recently at this institute.
III—BURSATI.
In last year's report a reference was made to what appeared to be
the first definite case of Helminthic granuloma of the equine skin to be
recorded in India. As a result of an intensive histological study of a
valuable collection of preserved bursati growths, including eight new
specimens received during the year, it is satisfactory to record that the
same helminth larva has been consistently demonstrated in seventeen
samples, obtained from such different parts as Assam, United Provinces,
Hyderabad-Deccan, the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province.
This finding is noteworthy since the growths in the majority of cases
were excised only at a late stage of the disease, when one might have
expected that the most interesting stages of the disease process had
passed off. It was observed that the diagnostic lesions of this disease
are represented by the Kunkurs and that the latter have the histological
features of typical helminthic nodules, the central nucleus of which is
formed by the larvae, enclosed in blood capillaries. Mr. Bhalerao,
Helminthologist, has identified the larvae as being Habronema sp. and
there is reason to believe that H. muscae is the causative agent of
Bursati in this country.
A finding of considerable significance was obtained from a severe
case of Bursati at Lahore, in which lung lesions co-existed with the
skin affection, and the stomach contained no other worm but H. muscae.
The habronemic origin of both the lung and skin lesions, was confirmed
histologically. This would seem to be the first case of so-called internal
Bursati to be proved in this country. A detailed report of this work
is being published in the Indian Journal of Veterinary Science and
Animal Husbandry.
As a result of the study of some tissues from a case of Cutaneous
Habronemiasis, obtained through the kindness of Messrs. Pheloukis
and Knithakis of the Veterinary Laboratory of the Ministry of War,
Athens (Greece), Bursati was found to be identical in its histological
features and the characters of the etiological agent with the Grecian
condition.
IV.—BOVINE NASAL GRANULOMA.
Complete confirmation of the findings of last year was obtained,
and evidence of the occurrence of the disease in provinces where it had
not been diagnosed before, such as the United Provinces, Hyderabad
State and possibly the Punjab, was collected. Systematic work upon
the identity of the Schistosome responsible for causing this condition
was completed by Mr. Bhalerao and his findings have already been