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"The following machines taken over as unserviceable were put into working order :—
Out of 21 unserviceable mowing machines 16 were repaired and made into good
serviceable machines.
1 Hay press.
2 Gram crushing Machines.
2 Chaff cutters.
2 Weigh bridges which were broken and embedded in two feet of dirt were put into
thorough repair, and have been of great service in weighing bulky fodder.
Workshops.
"On assuming charge, the workshops were found to be so in name. There were no tools, not even a
serviceable anvil.
"During the year, the workshops have been enlarged and freely ventilated. A lathe has been added which
will be capable of doing practically all the work required in the Farm. A drilling machine has also been fitted
up and both blacksmith and carpenters are well supplied with the necessary tools.
"In addition to the repairs of machinery and carts, the following have been made in the workshops :—
200 ploughs.
200 Yokes.
2 Tailas or Trollies.
2 Tongas.
1 Milk Cart.
25 Carts.
2 Special Forage Carts.
Dairy.
"The Committee which reported on the Hissar Farm in 1898, made a special point of recommending that a
Dairy should be attached to the Farm with a view to increasing the revenue. The average receipts from the sale
of milk of the previous five years were a little over R900 per annum.
"It was very evident that this could be increased very considerably. It was explained that only sufficient
cows were taken into the milk lines to meet the demand of the towns people and as the supply was greater than
the demand, prices ruled low in consequence.
"During the year under consideration, the sum realized by the sale of milk was R2,896, a very great
improvement on previous years, but it is anticipated that with the establishment of a Dairy the income would be
still further increased.
"The apparatus was obtained from Bombay in January 1900 and the work of making butter commenced in
February and so far the results have been quite satisfactory. The fact that the butter is made from absolutely
pure cows milk, will no doubt prove a factor in the ultimate success of the Dairy.
Cows.
"The large majority of the cows on the Farm are indifferently bred and undersized, and show considerable
degeneracy.
"The old cows are of a much better stamp than the younger ones, but as the past three years of scarcity
has told on their physical powers and they are all in poor condition, it was deemed advisable to get rid of nearly
all the cows of 12 years of age and upwards, as they were incapable of withstanding the present year of scar-
city. With the object of infusing new blood into the herds, 298 cows were purchased. The calves of these cows
were not good, as nearly all of them were in calf to village bulls before purchase, but it is anticipated that the
produce of these cows by the present Farm Herd bulls will give satisfaction.
Young stock.
"The young stock dropped up to February 1900 were got by the old bulls employed in the herds, and judg-
ing by their first appearance they are not of good physique, nevertheless, with careful feeding while young, and
good grazing, they may grow up into sturdy small animals. There can be little doubt that many of these calves
have been got by the young males which were stabled at "The Stables" and which grazed in the Bhir north of
the Railway line. It was found practically impossible to totally exclude the male stock from among the females.
Since, however, the female produce have been removed to Hansi, and the males have been transferred to Chowni,
no such intercourse is likely to take place as there is a line of Railway and a Canal dividing the Farms and
Bhirs. This arrangement was made in October 1899 so that the calves born after next September should be
entirely fathered by the present Herd bulls.
Bulls.
"The young produce born in March show a very marked improvement on those dropped previously, and
with care these should grow into good cattle.
"At the Amritsar Cattle Fair held in April and November 1899, 24 very good bulls were purchased for the
Farm. All the former bulls which were not considered quite suitable were removed from the herds and their
places filled by the bulls purchased at Amritsar. This was an extremely important matter and this is proved by
the far superior stock which have been dropped during March 1900. All these calves have square bodies with
quite well developed humps, quite a new feature among the calves dropped at the Farm recently.
" This want of development of the hump, even among the four year olds, is quite noticeable, and proves to
what state of degeneracy the cattle of this Farm had descended. The introduction of good bulls among the
herds clearly indicates a departure in the right direction.
Supernumerary
"Forty bulls were sent from the Farm during the year. Of these, 9 were sent to districts in the Punjab,
5 to Kapurthala, 1 to Nepal, 4 to Allahabad, 13 were taken by the Government of Bengal, 1 Aligarh, 1 Neemuch,
2 Burdwan Raj., 2 Mymensingh and 2 to Patna.
" Many more would have been taken by the districts of the Punjab had not the difficulty of obtaining
fodder—owing to the famine—prevented them.
"The quality of the bulls sent out left much to be desired, but this will be remedied as the new young stock
come on."
"The chief fault with the young bulls was their disproportionate length of leg in comparison with their
depth of girth. In other words, they were not the low, square, compact stamp of bull of the type which is so
much sought after.
"The practice now adopted is to take up the best young males at a year old and stall feed them steadily
until they are four years old. Of course when the grazing is really good they are turned out with the rest of
the male stock. The few animals which have been treated in this way are giving entire satisfaction.
Hansi.
"In accordance with the suggestion contained in the Committee's Report of 1898, the Bhir at Hansi has been
placed under the management of the Hissar Farm. This forms an important addition to the Hissar property, as
it is practically self-supporting, owing to the fact that a branch of the Western Jumna Canal passes through it,
so that even in seasons of drought a certain amount of cultivation can be carried on and the watering tanks can
always be replenished, a very important matter.
"This Bhir was taken over in September 1899 and the female produce were removed there in October. A
deep bund was dug right round the Bhir and this formed an excellent boundary, but when in addition a wire
fence is placed round it, cattle will be effectively prevented from passing into or out of the Bhir except through
the gates. This is very important where young females are concerned. As an exchange, a portion of the Hissar