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9. This last favourable result is chiefly due to the success which followed the
effort to introduce vaccination from arm to arm, to the supersession of vaccination by
means of dried lymph on ivory points and lymph preserved in glass tubes. The lat-
ter mode was all but universal in the two divisions under my charge, and to this no
doubt is owing the low ratio of successful cases as compared with other circles.
10. Although I know that arm-to-arm vaccination was the rule in the Benares
Division, my Native Superintendents and vaccinators assured me that this could not
be adopted in my own circle, owing to the caste prejudices of the people. Such state-
ments led me to be extremely cautious in attempting its introduction. I began by vac-
cinating three children in a village in the Lullutpore District. I left the vaccinator to
continue the work after me. The people made no objection either to myself or the vac-
cinator. Subsequently, whenever lymph was obtainable, I continued to vaccinate from
arm to arm, and during the whole of my tour I have never heard any objection urged.
Of course I did not select a sweeper's child to supply lymph for the child of a Tha¬
koor, but I have vaccinated the children of the latter from those of Sonars, Kahars,
and even Koris, without a remark on the subject of caste being made.
11. It will serve to illustrate the superiority of arm-to-arm vaccination when I
state that of 2,952 vaccinated in this way in the Cawnpore District only 179 were
unsuccessful. The result was unknown in 182 cases. This gives the ratio per cent. of
successful cases to be 93.6. The ratio for the Allahabad and Jhansie Divisions was only
68.4 during last season, and this year only 74.9.
12. It was only set afoot in the Cawnpore District about the middle of January,
and yet before the end of March 2,952 children had been vaccinated from arm to arm.
In other districts it did not make such progress. This I attribute more to the igno-
rance of the vaccinators as to its advantages, and the mode in which the operation
ought to be done, than to any objection on the part of the people.
13. It is not so much the saving in labour which it effects, in preventing the
necessity for repeating the operation again and again, which recommends arm-to-arm
vaccination. Another great advantage is the diminution of the number of those cases
in which, the operation having been unsuccessfully performed, the subject of it cannot
again be found by the vaccinator, or, if found, cannot be induced to have it repeated.
The operation having once been performed, the parents of a child assume that it has
been vaccinated, no matter whether the vesicle follows or not. If it has proved unsuc-
cessful, not improbably next epidemic the child is seized with small-pox and dies.
This is immediately noised about as a proof that vaccination, if not harmful, is at least
useless. I have met with several such cases, and the harm they do amongst an ignorant
people is great. Arm-to-arm vaccination, if it would not entirely prevent the occur-
rence of such instances, would greatly reduce their number.
14. Except in the Allahabad District, nothing like systematic or deliberate falsi-
fication of returns, has been observed.
15. Taking them in the order in which they were visited by me, a few brief
remarks may be made regarding each district.
16. Progress in the Jhansie District has not been satisfactory. The number
vaccinated has fallen from 2,578 to 2,481. The Native Superintendent is ill-suited for
his post, and will have to be removed. He is of low caste, and deficient in manners
and energy. The vaccinator employed in the Ganotta Tehseel was caught falsifying his
returns, and dismissed. In Mhowraneepore I found the people so opposed to vaccina-
tion that a commencement could not be made until the Assistant Commissioner,
Mr. Sturt, came to my aid. His influence with the people is very great, and to him
is entirely due the credit of having placed vaccination on a firm footing in this sub-
division.