NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
24
REPORT ON THE
miscellaneous character. The following table gives the sex, religion, and
nationalities of the 2,074 patients :—
Men.
Women.
Children.
Total.
Europeans
...
... 354
217
103
674
Eurasians
...
... 135
104
66
305
Hindus
...
...
602
51
42
695
Muhammadans ...
...
242
29
21
292
Other classes
...
...
52
32
24
108
Total
... 1,385
433
256
2,074
It will be seen that Europeans formed 32.49 per cent. of the total number
of patients, against 20.66 per cent. in the previous year; while the percentage
of Eurasians fell off from 33.67 to 14.70 per cent. in the year under
report. These variations were due to incorrect entries in the records, for which,
the Principal says, Mr. Woods is responsible. It is to be hoped that greater
care will, in future, be taken in recording the nationalities of the patients.
The attendance of the civil and military students during the course of
lectures delivered by Mr. Woods was good. The dental department worked
well during the year under report, for which Mr. Woods deserves cordial
acknowledgment.
56. Obstetric and Gynœcological Department (Eden Hospital).— The statistics
of this institution will be found in the statements in the Appendix. The medical
relief afforded by it during 1900 is summarised in the following table :—
EUROPEANS AND EURASIANS.
ALL OTHERS.
Remained
on 1st
January
Admitted.
Total.
Remained
on 1st
January.
Admitted.
Total.
1899.
1900.
1899.
1900.
1899.
1900.
1899.
1900.
1899.
1900.
1899.
1900.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Women
. . .
29
15
567
5 8 8
596
603
22
34
709
812
731
846
Children
...
1
6
155
183
156
189
1
4
63
76
64
80
Total
...
30
21
722
771
752
792
23
38
772
888
795
926
The total number of admissions increased from 1,494 to 1,659 in 1900.
The increase was general, but chiefly noticeable in the number of "all other"
1899.
1900.
Europeans and Eurasians
...
37.70
36.08
All others
...
...
36.41
42.27
Total
...
74.11
78.35
women. The average daily number
of patients is shown in the margin.
The number of out door patients was
2,217 against 2,125 in 1899, an
increase of 92. The number of
Europeans and Eurasians fell off by
52, while the number of patients of all other classes increased by 144.
The following table shows the mortality and death-rate among in-patients
during 1900, and compares them with the figures for the previous year :—
1899.
1900.
D e a t h s . Death-rate
per cent.
D e a t h s .
Death rate
per cent.
Europeans and
Eurasians.
Women ...
19
3.18
12
1.99
Children ...
22
14.10
30
15.87
Total ...
41
5.45
42
5.30
All others Women ...
55
7.52
60
7.09
Children ...
21
32.81
23
28.75
Total ...
76
9.55
83
8.96
34
REPORT ON THE CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS.
of mud taken from the streets of Calcutta. Many experiments were performed
in connection with this enquiry, but the work has not yet been completed.
96. I inspected all the Calcutta hospitals during the year 1900-1901, and
am glad to be able to report that the institutions afforded, under the able officers
who work in them, a large amount of relief, both medical and surgical, to the
sick poor of Calcutta and its neighbourhood.
97. Owing to the demands of the Military Department, which led to the
recall of many medical officers in 1900, the duties which devolved upon those
who remained were exceptionally heavy.
98. I submit copies of my printed inspection reports for the information
of Government.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient servant,
T. H. HENDLEY, COL., I.M.S.,
Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal.
APPENDIX.
45
STATEMENT V, PART II.
Showing the account of Invested Capital of the Calcutta Medical Institutions
during the year 1900.
NO.
NAMES OF THE INSTITUTIONS.
Balance
on 1st
January.
Invested
during
the year.
Total. Securities
sold.
Deposits
with-
drawn.
Balance
on 31st
December.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
1
Medical College Hospital Proper
1,19,200
. . .
1,19,200
. . .
...
1,19,200
Chuni Lal Seal's Dispensary
50,000
...
50,000
. . .
. . .
50,000
2 Eden Hospital
. . .
. . .
. . .
...
. . .
. . .
3 Ezra Hospital
23,000
. . .
23,000
...
. . .
23,000
4
Shama Charan Law Eye Hospital
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
5 Presidency General Hospital
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
6
Campbell Hospital
1,600
. . .
1,600
. . .
. . .
1 , 6 0 0
7 Police Hospital
. . .
. . .
...
...
. . .
. . .
8 Mayo Native Hospital
3,66,900
2,500
3,69,400
. . .
. . .
3,69,400
9 Chandney Hospital
10 Park Street Dispensary
1 1
Chitpur Dispensary
12 Sukea's Street Dispensary
13 Sambhu Nath Pandit Hospital
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
...
14 Dufferin Victoria Hospital
. . .
...
...
...
. . .
...
1 5
Kidderpore Municipal Dispensary
. . .
...
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
16
Ditto Dockyard Dispensary
...
...
...
...
. . .
...
Total
5,60,700
2,500
5,63,200
. . .
. . .
5,63,200
17 Howrah General Hospital
31,000
2,000
33,000
. . .
...
33,000
GRAND TOTAL FOR 1900
5,91,700
4,500
5,96,200
...
. . .
5,96,200
GRAND TOTAL FOR 1899
5,91,700
. . .
5,91,700
. . .
. . .
5,91,700
HEALTH OF CALCUTTA— concld.
Deaths per
1,000 above (+)
or below (-)
average.
Causes.
1st week ... +15.8
More small-pox, fever,
bowel-complaints and
all other diseases.
2nd ” ... +15.7
Ditto.
3rd ” ... +11.8
More cholera, plague,
small-pox, bowel-
complaints, and all
other diseases.
Less fever.
4th ” (to 29th) +16.4
More cholera, small
-
pox, plague, fever,
bowel-complaints,
and all other
diseases.
December.—Fair weather prevailed over the
Province during the greater part of the month.
Temperature was generally higher than usual,
but otherwise nothing exceptional was observed,
pressure undergoing the usual oscillations and
winds being northerly and north-westerly, except
in Bihar and North Bengal, where greater
irregularities occurred. These conditions pre
-vailed till the end of the third week, when the
first cold season disturbance began to affect the
weather over the Province. From about the
25th till the end of the month showers, more or
less general, and at times heavy, were falling
in places, the western districts receiving consi-
-derably more than the normal amount of rain
for the season. The fall in Bihar and Chota
Nagpur was four times the usual amount,
while that in South-West Bengal was about
normal. In other divisions very little rain fell.
W. H. McG. and others.—Reg. No. 8357J—200—10-4-1901.
” ” 201J of 1901.02.
( 3 )
the higher rate charged for private rooms in the General Hospital. The
receipts from Local funds also show an increase of Rs. 7,446; while the
receipts from Hospital Port Dues Fund fell by Rs. 9,843, owing to the admis
-sion of fewer seamen. Subscriptions from Europeans show a slight increase,
but those from Natives, the Lieutenant-Governor regrets to observe, fell off
by Rs. 2,401. The expenditure fell from Rs. 9,93,230 to Rs. 9,84,631, the
decrease being mainly due to smaller expenditure on the new buildings at the
Presidency General Hospital.
11. The thanks of the Lieutenant-Governor are due to Colonel Hendley,
who held the office of Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals throughout the
year, for his frequent inspection of the Calcutta hospitals and his valuable
suggestions in regard to them.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,
E. N. BAKER,
Secretary to the Government of Bengal.
No. 286T.—M.
COPY forwarded to the Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal, for
information.
Nos. 287-88T.—M.
COPY of the Resolution and of the Report forwarded to the Chairman, Calcutta
Commissioner of
Corporation for information.
Police, Calcutta
No. 289T.—M.
COPY of the Resolution and of the Report forwarded to the Bengal Branch
of the Lady Dufferin Fund for information.
No. 290T.—M.
COPY of the Resolution forwarded to the Commissioner of the Burdwan
Division for information and for communication to the Commissioners of the
Howrah Municipality, the Magistrate of Howrah, and the Superintendent of
the Howrah General Hospital.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,
S. R. HIGNELL,
Offg. Under-Secretary to the Govt. of Bengal.
DARJEELING ;
The 18th May 1901.
T. A.—Reg. No. 1519C—208 —30-5-1901.
REPORT ON VACCINATION
IN
THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY
THE
YEAR
1903-1904
MADRAS
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINNTENDENT,GOVERNMENT PRESS
PRICE
1
ruppe.
1904.
1 shelling 6 pages.
REPORT ON VACCINATION
IN
THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY
FOR THE YEAR
1903-1904
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1904.
OFFICE OF SANITARY COMMISSIONER,
MADRAS, 11th July 1904.
No. 657/V.
From
LIEUT.-COLONEL W. G. KING, C.I.E., I.M.S.,
Sanitary Commissioner for Madras,
To
THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,
LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENT.
SIR,
I have the honour to forward, herewith, the Report on Vaccination in the
Madras Presidency for the year 1903-1904 written, as usual, by the Inspector of
Vaccination and Deputy Sanitary Commissioner.
2. He shows that there has been a falling off in the total number of cases
when compared with last year. The decrease is accounted for in his paragraph 7.
Possibly, the knowledge that the Inspector of Vaccination was engaged the greater
part of the year in performing educational work and could not therefore make
'' surprise visits " to districts, which are of special value in gauging progress, was
an additional factor.
3. In regard to the stationary condition of municipal vaccination, there is
disclosed an unsatisfactory condition of affairs; in that, obviously, the ambition of
vaccinators in municipal employ is solely to strive to fulfil a minimum number,
whilst it matters not to them whether this consists of primary or re-vaccination
operations. That these vaccinators fulfilled more primary operations during the
current than in the past year is no reason for falling off in re-vaccinations—avail-
able cases for which are practically unlimited. The decrease in this particular
class of operations is of great moment to the next generation.
Municipal
vaccinators are particularly ill-paid in some localities, and often work year after
year without the full pay to which their grades entitle them and without the hope
of increment. Municipalities do not adopt the '' reward system '' for operations
as in Local Fund areas. These facts certainly teach that some such mode of
encouragement is desirable. Government has already dealt with the unsatisfactory
minima fixed by these bodies (G.O., No. 185-M., dated 29th January 1904).
4. In regard to paragraph 14 of the Inspector's Report showing results of the
different characters of lymph, so as to give information of what is at present a
much discussed professional point and therefore of interest, I may remark that it
has been the constant practice in this Presidency to issue glycerinated lymph once
every week, whereas the issue of lanoline-vaccine has only been once a fortnight—
so that the test as to the latter standing transport under tropical conditions is
always twice as severe as in the case of the former.
5. Government having, in principle, accepted a scheme in G.O., No. 1558-L.,
dated 7th December 1903, for the reorganization of the Vaccination Department,
details were submitted for its approval by me during the year. I trust that,
shortly, the long-deferred but absolutely necessary reorganization of the Vacci-
nation Department will be sanctioned by Government.
4
6. Lieutenant-Colonel Bannerman, I.M.S., having been appointed Superin-
tendent of the King Institute in December, an endeavour was made to push forward
the Vaccine Section, so that it would be possible to commence the issue of pre-
served vaccine in January. It was, however, found that, owing to various causes
connected with the building, work could not be undertaken at any definite date,
and, on the other hand, without giving some definite term of notice to the local
bodies it was impossible for them to dispense with their existing establishments
or of their contracts with the Bangalore Vaccine Institute. However, the staff
necessary was gradually assembled and trained in the work required, and necessary
arrangements made for the obtaining of calves, etc. But it was not until the 1st
of March that any district was supplied, and by the end of the month only two
districts had received vaccine from the Institute. By the 1st of April arrange-
ments were made with several districts, so that within a short period the whole
Presidency will derive its supply solely from this Institute. The amount issued to
the two districts in question within the official year was too small to give a criterion
of the value of the vaccine supplied. Under the circumstances described, it has
not been thought necessary to submit any special report of the working of the
Vaccine Section of the Institute. But I suggest for the consideration of Govern-
ment that it would be advisable that a brief formal report written by the Superin-
tendent of the King Institute in future years be submitted to it by the Sanitary
Commissioner at the same time as the Vaccination Report. I may state that, as
soon as Government has issued orders on the reorganization of the department,
the Institute will not only serve for the issue of vaccine, but also will afford
educational facilities to the members of the Vaccination Department.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
W. G. KING, Lieut-Colonel, I.M.S.,
Sanitary Commissioner for Madras.
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY
FOR THE YEAR 1903-1904.
From Captain J. W. CORNWALL, I.M.S., Inspector of Vaccination and Deputy
Sanitary Commissioner for Madras, to the Sanitary Commissioner for
Madras, dated 28th June 1904, No. 586-V.
I have the honour to submit the annual report on vaccination in the Madras
Presidency for 1903-1904.
2. The post of Inspector of Vaccination and Deputy Sanitary Commissioner
has been held by me throughout the year in conjunction with the attached Pro-
fessorship of Hygiene and Practical Bacteriology at the Medical College.
3. During the year, 33 first class and 31 second class Deputy Inspectors were
employed to supervise the work of 868 vaccinators.
4. A new range was constituted in the Gódávari district and a Deputy
Inspector of Vaccination was appointed in March 1904.
5. The total vaccination work done by all agencies throughout the Presidency,
including successful, unsuccessful and unknown cases was,—primary vaccinations
1,240,655, re-vaccinations 69,330, in all 1,309,985 cases.
6. The decrease of 22,224 is chiefly in local fund areas and is accounted for by
deficient and irregular supply of lymph, non-prevalence of small-pox and absence
of vaccinators without substitutes. Municipalities remain the same as last year,
a large increase in primary cases being counterbalanced by an equal decrease in
re-vaccination.
7. The districts showing the largest increase are Anantapur (3,028), Cud-
dapah (3,419), North Arcot (4,184), Tanjore (5,429), Kistna (6,871), South Arcot
(6,874) and Vizagapatam (7,543). Fourteen districts showed a decrease, namely,
Nilgiris (262), Kurnool (992), Coimbatore (1,675), Bellary (1,690), Chingleput
(3,165), Salem (3,507), Gódávari (3,693), Madura (3,855), Nellore (3,966),
Trichinopoly (3,969), Malabar (5,012), South Canara (5,911), Ganjám (6,858),
Tinnevelly (11,252).
The explanations of the largest decreases, submitted by the Deputy Inspectors
concerned, are given below :—
Malabar.—Absence of small-pox throughout the year, unlike the previous
year.
South Canara.—Prevalence of plague, absence of vaccinators without
substitutes, insufficient supply of lanoline paste.
Ganjám.—Irregular
supply of lymph, absence of vaccinators without
substitute.
Tinnevelly.—Insufficient supply of paste, non-prevalence of small-pox,
non-maintenance of unprotected lists for the compulsory areas and for some of
the non-union villages.
Of these districts Bellary, Gódávari, Malabar and South Canara showed a
decrease during the year 1902-1903.
2
6
VACCINATION REPORT.
8. The subjoined table shows the total successful vaccinations by all agencies
and the percentage of successful cases including re-vaccinations :—
Establishment.
1
Local Fund vaccinators ... ...
Government
do.
...
...
Zamindari
do. ... ...
Municipal
do. ... ...
Cantonment
do. ... ...
Dispensaries ... ... ...
Medical subordinates ... ...
Total ...
Establishment—cont.
Local Fund vaccinators
...
...
Government
do. ... ...
Zamindari
do.
... ...
Municipal
do. ... ...
Cantonment
do. ... ...
Dispensaries ... ... ...
Medical subordinates ... ...
Total ...
Number of successful vaccinations.
1902-1903.
Primary and
secondary
vaccinations.
2
965,693
22,346
8,704
101,593
5,100
8,340
2,354
1,114,136
Re-vacci-
nation.
3
25,137
1,473
300
19,302
874
3,056
5,982
56,124
1903-1904.
Primary and
secondary
vaccinations.
4
949,554
25,469
9,823
105,258
4,813
7,563
1,960
1,104,440
Re-vacci-
nation.
5
19,679
2,621
260
15,671
728
2,283
6,557
47,805
Ratio per cent. of successful cases.
1902-1903.
Primary and
secondary
vaccinations.
8
91.2
88.4
84.6
97.1
96.4
88.0
79.6
91.6
Re-vacci¬
nation.
9
76.2
91.3
98.0
77.0
58.2
76.9
73.7
76.3
1903-1904.
Primary and
secondary
vaccinations.
10
91.0
90.9
88.0
97.0
96.6
89.9
78.1
91.5
Re-vacci-
nation.
11
76.8
93.0
100.0
76.4
61.4
70.9
79.3
77.3
Total of successful
vaccinations.
1902-1903.
6
990,830
23,819
9,004
120,895
5,974
11,402
8,336
1,170,260
1903-1904.
7
969,233
28,090
10,089
120,929
5,541
9,846
8,517
1,152,245
Ratio per cent. of total
successful cases.
1902-1903.
12
90.8
88.6
85.0
93.2
87.0
84.8
75.3
90.7
1903-1904.
13
90.7
91.1
88.3
93.8
89.9
84.6
79.0
90.8
Note.—The statistics given in this statement include those exhibited in statements I and III appended to this report.
9. The districts which showed an increase in infantile vaccination when
compared with the previous year are Anantapur (5.9), Gódávari (4.0), South
Arcot (4.0), Coimbatore (3.2), Kurnool (3.1), Nellore (2.9), Tanjore (2.8) and
Vizagapatam (1.0). The following districts showed a decrease :—Trichinopoly
(2.4), Salem (3.3), South Canara (3.5), Bellary (4.8) and Madura (28.0).
10. As regards municipalities a ratio of 75 per cent. and upwards has been
secured by 41 towns against 38 in the preceding year. The towns showing the
largest increase are Adóni (84.4), Bimlipatam (80.9), Kodaikánal (61.7), Váni¬
yambádi (34.5), Cannanore (32.7), Ellore (32.5), Cochin (30.9), Tiruppattúr (23.3),
Tellicherry (22.6) and Tuticorin (21.8).
11. The following table shows the cost of the various establishments and the
average cost of each successful case :—
Establishment.
Government establishment
...
...
Local Fund
do. ... ...
Municipal
do. ... ...
Zamindari
do. ... ...
Cantonment
do. ... ...
Total ...
Total expenditure.
1902-1903.
RS.
7,319
2,05,595
31,905
2,239
2,298
* 2,49,358
A.
4
2
11
3
13
2
P.
3
5
1
11
0
8
1903-1904.
RS.
8,417
2,10,827
32,341
2,185
2,204
* 2,55,976
A.
2
15
6
5
4
1
P.
9
0
0
1
4
2
Average cost of each
successful case.
1902-1903.
RS.
0
0
0
0
0
0
A.
4
3
4
4
6
3
P.
11
4
3
0
2
6
1903-1904.
RS.
0
0
0
0
0
0
A.
4
3
4
3
6
3
P.
9
6
3
5
4
7
* Exclusive of the pay and allowance of the Inspector of Vaccination and Deputy Sanitary Commissioner.
S. O.
1904
Reg:No.
Copies
8124
350
S. O.
1904
Reg: No.
Copies
8125
350
VACCINATION RETURNS.
11
DEPARTMENT.
Madras Presidency during the official year 1903-1904.
secondary vaccinations.
Successful.
1 and under 6 years.
11
5,083
5,671
11,354
5,970
2,791
8,767
5,990
6,678
12,668
4,405
8,170
10,705
23,280
6,102
7,545
3,811
17,458
11,445
8,382
6,328
9,708
35,923
17,896
13,272
10,316
3,563
45,047
13,849
9,153
5,905
28,909
6,057
6,354
12,411
12,100
9,635
17,854
39,589
Total of all ages.
12
12,132
10,586
23,018
17,962
9,311
27,273
20,681
18,091
38,772
14,274
18,545
25,466
58,285
9,774
13,836
7,404
31,014
16,910
15,190
13,724
12,439
58,263
30,762
20,799
17,038
6,534
75,133
23,541
14,186
10,743
48,470
12,488
13,683
26,171
25,877
16,656
30,164
72,697
Unknown.
13
8
42
50
88
111
199
466
223
689
616
780
1,222
2,618
63
14
28
105
739
605
143
720
2,207
1,666
1,718
1,182
564
5.130
302
127
7
436
102
383
485
323
306
246
875
Re-vaccination.
Total.
14
299
310
609
111
195
300
587
964
1,551
161
197
557
915
138
294
66
498
133
1,197
2.502
170
4,002
1,300
372
1,921
132
3,725
543
261
88
892
463
550
1,013
1,570
255
481
2,306
Successful.
15
280
302
582
97
176
273
464
737
1,201
88
111
373
572
105
220
46
371
111
936
2,290
118
3,455
595
191
671
84
1,541
271
150
69
490
426
446
872
1,382
227
398
2,007
Unknown.
16
12
1
13
3
3
6
37
53
30
29
38
86
153
10
3
5
18
9
139
30
29
207
224
66
476
13
779
22
2
...
24
10
49
59
81
7
17
105
Percentage
of success¬
ful cases
excluding
unknown.
Primary and secondary
vaccinations.
17
91.4
96.5
93.7
98.9
98.8
98.9
95.6
93.1
94.4
92.2
93.9
91.8
92.0
95.3
98.8
97.3
97.3
95.0
93.4
96.7
94.5
94.8
93.3
88.1
91.1
88.0
90.9
62.5
54.3
79.6
62.7
93.8
94.2
94.0
97.7
97.1
98.7
98.0
Re-vaccination.
18
97.5
97.7
97.6
89.8
91.6
91.0
84.3
80.9
82.2
66.0
69.8
79.1
75.0
82.0
75.6
75.4
77.3
89.5
88.4
92.6
83.7
91.0
55.2
62.4
46.4
70.5
52.3
52.0
57.9
78.4
56.4
94.0
89.0
91.4
92.8
91.5
85.7
91.2
Persons successfully
vaccinated
per 1,000 of population.
19
27.9
33.4
30.2
31.9
32.5
32.0
31.8
31.8
24.4
28.8
29.2
27.8
24.6
24.0
31.7
31.7
35.1
35.1
24.5
20.9
26.7
23.8
31.3
31.3
29.5
27.1
27.3
28.0
Percentage
of unknown
cases to
total cases.
Primary and
secondary
vaccinations.
20
0.06
0.4
0.2
0.5
1.1
0.7
2.1
1.1
1.6
3.8
3.8
4.2
3.9
0.6
0.09
0.3
0.3
3.9
3.5
0.9
5.2
3.4
4.8
6.7
5.9
7.0
5.8
0.7
0.4
0.05
0.5
0.7
2.5
1.7
1.2
1.7
0.8
1.2
Re-vaccination.
21
4.0
0.3
2.1
2.7
1.5
1.9
6.3
5.1
5.8
18.0
19.2
15.4
16.7
7.2
1.0
7.5
3.6
6.7
11.6
1.1
17.0
5.1
17.2
17.7
24.7
9.8
20.9
4.0
0.7
...
2.7
2.1
8.9
5.8
5.1
2.7
3.5
4.6
Average
annual
number
of persons
successfully
vaccinated
during previous
5 years.
Number.
22
...
17,823
...
...
28,251
...
36,481
...
...
...
48,458
...
26,573
...
55,225
...
60,472
...
...
...
55,700
...
25,843
...
...
...
73,475
Ratio per 1,000.
23
...
22.8
...
...
32.9
...
29.0
...
...
...
22.8
...
20.8
...
29.3
...
27.6
...
...
...
27.0
...
29.9
...
...
...
27.5
Average
annual
number of
deaths
from small-
pox during
previous
5 years.
Number.
24
...
392
...
...
611
...
561
...
...
...
768
...
902
...
2,541
...
3,136
...
...
...
897
...
450
...
...
...
1,079
Ratio per 1,000.
25
...
0.5
...
...
0.7
...
0.4
...
...
...
0.4
...
0.7
...
1.3
...
1.4
...
...
...
0.4
...
0.5
...
...
...
0.4
4