NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
No. 1675 L., 25TH SEPTEMBER 1914.
3
4. Since the close of the year under report the Government have decided to
drop the scheme for the maintenance of a reserve stock of calves for use at the
vaccine section of the King Institute, the existing system of supply of calves by
private contractors having been reported to be working satisfactorily.
(True Extract.)
W. FRANCIS,
Ag. Secretary to Government.
To the Sanitary Commissioner.
„
Sanitary Engineer.
„
Surgeon-General.
„
Public Department.
„ Judicial
„
„
Revenue
„
„
Assistant Quartermaster-General
Ninth (Secunderabad) Division (with C.L.).
„
Director of Public Instruction.
„
Accountant-General.
„
President, Corporation of Madras.
To all Collectors.
„
Presidents, District Boards.
„
Chairmen, Municipal Councils.
Editors' Table.
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF MADRAS GOVERNMENT
PUBLICATIONS.
IN INDIA.
K. CAMBRAY & Co., Calcutta.
COMBRIDGE & Co., Madras.
E. M. GOPALAKRISHNA KONE, Pudumantapam, Madura.
HIGGINBOTHAMS, LTD. , Mount Road
Madras.
V. KALYANARAMA IYER & Co., Esplande, Madras.
G. C. LOGANADHAM BROTHERS,
Madras.
S. MURTHY & Co., Kapalee
Press, Madras.
G. A. NATESAN
& Co., Madras.
NAZAIR KANUN HIND PRESS,
Allahabad.
NEWAL KISHORE PRESS,
LUCKNOW.
P. R. RAMA IYAR & Co., Madras.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA SONS & Co., Bomaby.
TEMPLE & Co., Georgetown,
Madras.
THACKER
& Co. (Limited), Bombay.
THACKER,
SPINK & Co., Calcutta.
THOMPSON
& Co., Madras.
IN ENGLAND.
B. H.
BLACKWELL, 50 AND 51, Br oad Street, Oxford.
CONSTABLE &
Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, London,
W.C.
DEIGHTON, BELL &
Co., Cambridge.
T. FISHER UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London,
W.C.
GRINDLAY &
Co., 54, Parliament, Street, London, S.W.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH. TRUBNER & Co., 68—74, Carter Lane, London, E.C.
HENRY S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, London, E.C.
P. S. KING & SON, 2 and 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, London, S.W.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, London, W.C.
B. QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London. W.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane, London. E.C.
ON THE CONTINENT.
ERNEST LEROUX,
28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague, Holland.
ANNUAL REPORT
ON
VACCINATON IN THE MADRAS
PRESIDENCY
AND ON THE WORK OF THE
VACCINE SECTION OF THE KING INSTITUTE
OF PERVENTIVE MEDICINE. MADRAS
FOR THE YEAR
1914-15.
MADRAS :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS.
[PRICE. 10 annas.]
1915.
[1 shilling.]
ANNUAL REPORT
ON
VACCINATION IN THE MADRAS
PRESIDENCY
AND ON THE WORK OF THE
VACCINE SECTION OF THE KING INSTITUTE
OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, MADRAS
FOR THE YEAR
1914-15.
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1915.
D. No. 325/V.D. OFFICE OF SANITARY COMMISSIONER,
MADRAS, 17 th August 1915.
From
LIEUT.-COL. H. THOMSON, M.D., D.P.H., I.M.S.,
Acting Sanitary Commissioner for Madras,
To
THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,
LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENT.
SIR,
I have the honour to forward herewith the report of the Director, King
Institute, Guindy, on the working of the Vaccine Section of the Institute, and that
of the Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, Madras, on the progress of vaccination in
the Madras Presidency during the official year 1914-15.
2. Vaccine Section of the King Institute, Guindy.—The working of this section
of the Institute was satisfactory. The cost of the section fell by nearly Rs. 6,000,
the chief heads of expenditure showing decreases being " cost of calves including
transport " and " Establishment charges ". This has resulted in a reduction of the
price of a case of vaccine from 4.84 pies in 1913-14 to 4.28 pies in 1914-15. The
short expenditure under " cost of calves including transport" is due to the present
convenient method of obtaining calves through private contractors deliverable at
the Institute; under "Establishment charges," to the reversion of Assistant Director
Major W. S. Patton, I.M.S., to military duty and the appointment of an Assistant
Surgeon. Extra indents for vaccine during the year again show an increase. The
submission of such indents should be discouraged except on occasions of sudden
outbreaks of small-pox. An unusual feature of the year was the increased success
rate secured during the hot months of the year (Table V printed in paragraph 8
of the Director's report). The Director is unable to find a satisfactory solution for
this result. This may be due to unreliable returns received from the vaccinators.
The percentage of success districtwar show considerable variations (Table VI
printed in paragraph 10 of the Director's report). Coimbatore again returned the
worst results with a minimum rate of 76.59. The Deputy Sanitary Commissioner
has been requested to investigate the causes of this low percentage.
3. Vaccination Department.—I agree generally with the Deputy Sanitary
Commissioner's remarks in regard to the present staff of vaccinators. In giving
effect to the new scheme, deserving vaccinators should be dealt with in the
manner indicated by Government in G.O. No. 14 9 L., dated 23rd November 1904,
paragraph 8, sub-paragraph 2. The future recruitment of vaccinators should
be from amongst the men qualified according to paragraph 7 of the same Govern-
ment Order.
The delay in the submission of this report is explained in paragraph 5 by the
Deputy Sanitary Commissioner. The Deputy Inspector of Vaccination of Ponneri
on whose account the vaccination report of 1913-14 was delayed (vide last
paragraph of the last year's report) has since been reduced in grade and trans-
ferred to another district.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
H. THOMSON, Lieut.-Col., I.M.S.,
Ag. Sanitary Commissioner for Madras.
ANNEXURE I.
ANNUAL REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE VACCINE SECTION OF
THE KING INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, GUINDY.
1914-15.
The total amount of vaccine supplied by the Institute during the year under
report amounts to 1,983,417 cases. This is an increase over the previous year of
11,252 cases or 0.57 per cent. This figure of course constitutes a new record ; but
as noted in last year any increase is likely to be by small increments only.
2. Table I shows the quantity of vaccine issued to various bodies for the
quinquennium 1910-11 to 1914-15.
TABLE I.
Statement showing the quantity of vaccine supplied to various bodies from 1910-11 to 1914-15.
To whom supplied.
Government officers including jails ...
Agency Tracts
...
...
...
Military Department
...
...
...
District Boards
...
...
...
...
Municipalities
...
...
...
...
The Superintendent
of Vaccination,
Secunderabad ... ... ... ...
The Vaccinator, Bolarum ... ...
Private Bodies ... ... ... ...
Total ...
1910-11.
58,086
27,830
13,369
1,522,650
179,034
...
..
52,688
1,853,657
1911-12.
46,722
25,160
15,917
1,561,366
177,185
...
...
47,151
1,873,501
1912-13.
41,902
27,130
12,333
1,560,341
173,255
...
...
72,678
1,887,639
1913-14.
47,172
23,150
27,587
1,625,926
179,330
...
...
69,000
1,972,165
1914-15.
20,951
25,060
25,671
1,649,070
178,980
19,530
1,460
62,695
1,983,417
The most marked feature shown by the table is the great fall in the amount
supplied to " Government officers including jails." This fall amounts to no less
than 56 per cent., but the total quantities involved are small; slighter falls are
shown under the headings, " Military Department," and " Private Bodies " amount-
ing to 7 and 9 per cent., respectively. The falls under " Government officers
including Jails " and " Military Department " are largely due to the fact that this
year the amounts supplied to the Superintendent of Vaccination, Secunderabad, and
to the Vaccinator, Bolarum, have been shown separately. In previous years these
amounts were included among the cases supplied to " Government officers " and
" Military Department." Had this custom been adhered to, these headings would
have shown a fall of only 14.1 per cent., and 1.6 per cent., instead of a fall of 56
per cent. and 7 per cent., respectively.
The amount supplied to Municipalities remained practically stationary, a
decrease of only 0.2 per cent. being recorded. Slight relative increases are shown
under the headings, "Agency Tracts" and "District Boards." These amount to
8 and 1.4 per cent., respectively.
3. There was no change in the manufacture of the lymph. As usual the bulk
was made up with lanoline, but a small quantity of glycerinated lymph was
supplied to Madras City and to Colombo. The latter is chiefly used as seed lymph.
To the great majority of muffassal Districts and Municipalities the usual fortnightly
supplies were made, but three supplies per month were continued to Chingleput
and to parts of North and South Arcot. As the whole of Chingleput is so supplied
B
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY.
7
TABLE III.
Statement showing the net expenditure incurred during the year 1914-15 in the King Institute of
Preventive Medicine, Guindy, Vaccine Section.
Particulars.
Gross expenditure as per Table II
...
...
...
Deduct—
(1) Credits under sale of calves and miscel
laneous receipts remitted to Treasury ...
(2) Cost of vaccine supplied to private bodies
during the year
...
...
...
...
RS.
A. P.
...
3,566
3,918
7,484
8
7
15
0
0
0
Net total expenditure ...
Amount.
RS.
51,357
A.
11
P.
5
7,484
43,872
15
12
0
5
TABLE IV.
Statement showing the number of cases for which vaccine was despatched to different bodies—private
bodies being excluded—during the year 1914-15.
To whom supplied.
1. Government officers including jails ... ...
2. Agency Tracts
...
...
...
...
...
3. Military Department ... ... ... ...
4. District Boards ... ... ... ...
5. Municipalities
...
...
...
...
...
6. Superintendent of Vaccination, Secundera-
bad [Secunderabad Local (Abkāri, etc.),
Fund]
...
...
...
...
...
7. Vaccinator, Bolarum (Bolarum Canton
ment Fund)
...
...
...
...
...
Number of
cases for which.
vaccine was
supplied.
20,951
25,060
25,671
1,649,070
178,980
19,530
1,460
1,920,723
Rate
per case.
4.289702 pies.
Total amount
debitable.
RS.
*480
† 586
573
‡37,698
§ 4,065
436
32
43,872
A.
1
4
8
7
6
5
9
12
P.
6
3
9
7
11
6
11
5
* Includes Rs.
†
„
„
‡ „ „
§
„
„
Rs.
12
26
854
66
959
0
6
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
for registering vaccine packets.
„ „
„ „
„ „
N.B.—In calculating the cost per case of vaccine, Rs 959-10-0 has been deducted from Rs. 43,872-12-5 as the
former represents registration charges and it will be charged to the bodies concerned.
7. As will be seen from tables II, III and IV there has been a decrease of nearly
Rs. 6,000 in the working costs. The main saving has been effected in the cost of
calves including transport. This is due to a considerably increased yield per calf,
the average yield having risen from 5.3 grams in 1913 to 7.9 grams in 1914.
There has also been a reduction in establishment charges, owing to Major Patton,
I.M.S., the Assistant Director, having reverted to Military duty.
Under the heading of " purchase of apparatus and stores " there is a drop of
18 per cent.
The reduced number of calves involves of course a reduction in the sale price
of done animals and there was also a slight fall in the receipts from the sale of
vaccine to private bodies.
The amount credited to Government under these heads shows a fall of 15.2
per cent.
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY.
9
Table VI gives the results obtained districtwar. Coimbatore as usual is
at the foot of the list and is again the only district which shows a success rate of
under 80 per cent. Farther as the fall in its success rate is higher than that shown
in any of the districts usually shown in comparison, its relative position is even
worse than usual. Two districts show practically no change, less than 0.1 per
cent. either way. Six districts show improvement and fifteen deterioration. Of
the fifteen, nine show more than the overall fall, five less and one, the Niligris,
has a fall practically identical with the general average. Rāmnād again holds
pride of place, and is the only - district showing a better success rate than the
Niligris, though Kurnool and Bellary run it very close. Gōdāvari shows the biggest
fall 3.18 per cent. and Chittoor the biggest rise 2.66 per cent.
10.
TABLE VII.
Statement showing the percentage of success obtained in certain districts selected for comparison
in each of the last five years.
Serial
number.
1
2
3
4
5
Districts.
Bellary
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anantapur
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Kurnool
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Gōdāvari
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Coimbatore
...
...
...
...
...
...
1910-11.
96.51
94.86
96.20
71.29
75.54
1911-12.
97.65
95.23
96.16
78.13
75.74
1912-13.
96.48
95.45
96.95
79.04
69.59
1913-14.
97.59
94.41
96.65
84.64
78.92
1914-15.
96.81
94.35
96.82
81.46
76.59
Average.
97.00
94.86
96.55
78.91
75.27
As noted above Coimbatore's relative position both for the year and for the
quinquennium is worse than ever. Compared to Bellary its position for the year
is 20.22 per cent. and for the quinquennium 21.73 per cent. worse. The corre
sponding figures for last year were 18.67 and 21.02.
11.
TABLE VIII.
Statement showing the percentage of success obtained in the different months of the year
for five years and the average for each month during that time.
Serial
number.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Months.
April ... ... ... ... ... ...
May ... ... ... ... ... ...
June ... ... ... ... ... ...
July ... ... ... ... ... ...
August ... ... ... ... ... ...
September ... ... ... ... ... ...
October ... ... ... ... ... ...
November ... ... ... ... ... ...
December ... ... ... ... ... ...
January ... ... ... ... ... ...
February
...
...
...
...
...
...
March ... ... ... ... ... ...
1910-11.
88.32
84.53
81.22
85.11
90.26
92.45
85.26
86.65
87.31
87.00
91.91
93.62
1911-12.
84.33
83.53
88.15
89.13
90.54
89.30
89.73
92.36
93.28
93.29
88.57
89.08
1912-13.
86.72
80.57
82.84
88.42
87.39
84.87
88.02
91.58
91.73
93.00
91.62
88.56
1913-14.
87.24
86.09
81.61
87.47
90.53
92.10
93.83
96.17
93.79
95.28
96.36
95.72
1914-15.
95.76
92.85
92.87
93.19
92.66
92.14
90.64
90.33
86.82
87.24
87.91
87.45
Average.
88.47
85.51
85.33
88.66
90.27
90.17
89.49
91.41
90.58
91.16
91.27
90.88
Table VIII shows that the great drop during the cold weather of the year
under report has already affected the quinquennial average, but the figures are
rendered irregular by the autumnal variation noticed in previous years which was
however absent in the year 1913-14.
C
10
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY.
12.
TABLE IX.
Statement showing the duration of storage of ' Lanoline ' paste during the official year 1914-15.
Name of month.
1914.
April ... ... ...
May
...
...
...
June ... ... ...
July ... ... ...
August
...
...
...
September ... ... ...
October ... ... ...
November ... ... ...
December ... ... ...
1915.
January
...
...
...
February
...
...
...
March
...
...
...
Duration of storage each month.
Minimum
period.
6 days
...
...
4 weeks and 2 days.
12
„
3 „
16 weeks
...
...
19 weeks and 2 days.
5 days ... ...
3 „
...
...
7 weeks and 8 days.
10
„
2 „
13
„
2 „
4 weeks
...
...
4 weeks and 2 days.
Maximum
period.
4 weeks and 2 days.
12
„
3 „
16 weeks.
19 weeks and 2 days.
22
„
5 „
24
„
3 „
3 weeks.
10 weeks and 2 days.
13
„
2 „
16 weeks.
16 „
22 „
Table IX shows the maximum and minimum periods during which lanoline
vaccine was stored for each month in the year. The maximum periods were much
the same, but the minimum periods showed a considerable increase. On the
average this increase was 16 days and the mean increase for the whole year was
one week.
13.
TABLE X.
Statement showing the duration of storage of ' Glycerine' paste during the official year 1914-15.
Name of month.
1914.
April
...
...
...
...
May ... ... ... ...
June ... ... ... ...
July ... ... ... ...
August ... ... ... ...
September ... ... ... ...
October ... ... ... ...
November ... ... ... ...
December ... ... ... ...
1915.
January
...
...
...
...
February
...
...
...
...
March
...
...
...
...
Duration of storage each month.
Minimum
period.
3 days ...
52
...
86
„ ...
11
„ ...
24
„ ...
1 day ...
9 days ...
15
„ ...
45
„ ...
76
„ ...
99
„ ...
4
„ ...
Maximum
period.
52 days.
82
„
102
„
112
„
52
„
22
„.
25
„
45
„
76
„
99
„
127
„
142
„
14. Glycerine paste was also stored longer this year than last, the average
minimum and maximum periods being two weeks and three weeks longer. The
mean period for the whole year was two weeks longer than 1913-14.
15. A number of experiments were carried out during the year to see whether
a more robust product could be devised. These took the direction of attempting
to check the propagation of extraneous micro-organisms present in the vaccine,
with which the deterioration of lanoline vaccine is probably concerned. Glycerine of
course does this ; but at Indian temperatures it is also very injurious to the vaccine.
Dessication was tried, the vaccine being first incorporated with five times its weight
of milk sugar. The idea was to render the dried vaccine more readily soluble as well
as to dilute it. A material was got which produced good but somewhat delayed
vesication on calves. It did not however show any great keeping qualities and as
its manipulation was definitely more complicated than that of lanoline vaccine,
this attempt was abandoned. Farther experiments are in progress.
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY.
13
TABLE XIV—cont.
Skin
colour.
Skin
sur-
face.
White
...
...
...
Tinted
...
...
...
Pale pigment ... ...
Dark pigment ... ...
Smooth ...
...
...
Slightly rough ... ...
Harsh
...
...
...
Specially
good
quality.
PER CENT.
7.7
6.2
5.2
3.6
8.6
5.1
1.9
Failure.
PER CENT.
3.8
3.6
5.6
9.0
6.45
4.36
7.7
Specially
good
quality.
PER CENT.
11.5
10.8
12.45
18.2
6.45
13.3
15.4
Yield small.
PER CENT.
3.8
3.6
4.4
3.6
5.4
3.6
3.8
The number of bulls was so small, only 26, that much weight cannot be laid
on the results got with them, and therefore a sex comparison cannot be made.
In the other groups however there appear to be fairly well defined relations,
and for convenience of reference the various groups of figures have been bracketted
in contrast to one another. A consideration of the table as a whole shows that
the characters, which yield a specially good quality of lymph, are different and
sometimes sharply contrasted to those which yield a good quantity.
(a) Size of animal, where good quality is concerned. Here we see that
small animals are better than large, but where a large quantity is concerned the
larger the animal the better.
(b) Size of animal in relation to failure. Here an exceptionally large
percentage of small animals are found. Probably these were badly nourished
animals, and the large number has something to do with an absence of small
animals in the heading " small yield."
(c) The figures for pigmentation are very instructive. In relation to good
quality and failure they are sharply contrasted and also in relation to good
quality and good quantity.
(d) The same strong contrasts are shown when the surface of the skin is
considered. Smooth skins give good quality but small quantity; harsh skins poor
quality and large quantity.
A farther analysis of the table would probably yield other results and as time
permits this will be carried out.
Where any selection on purchase is for practical reasons impossible the
points elucidated may enable us to ensure a steady supply of lymph of fair quality.
Fortunately the great majority of the animals brought to the Institute fall into
the medium classes of the above classification, and it may be possible by grading
prices to eliminate the less desirable ones altogether.
22. From April 1st to November 21st Major W. S. Patton, I.M.S., continued
as Assistant Director, but on the latter date he reverted to Military duty.
Assistant Surgeon S. Ramakrishnan was appointed as Temporary Assistant
to the Director on 9th December 1914 and was employed partly in the Vaccine
and partly in the Bacteriological Sections.
23. The usual vaccination class was held during February and March.
Twenty-one students attended and all obtained qualifying marks in the examination
held at the end of the course.
24. The investigations carried out during the year have involved the staff in a
lot of extra work which has been cheerfully and well done. I have great pleasure
in putting on record my satisfaction with the way the staff have worked during
the year.
THE KING INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE, GUINDY,
F. MAITLAND GIBSON, M.B., B.SC.,
17th June 1915.
Director.
D
15
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY
FOR THE YEAR 1914-1915.
From Dr. K. T. MATTHEW, D.HY., D.P.H. (Cantab.), Inspector of Vaccination and
Deputy Sanitary Commissioner for Madras, to the Sanitary Commissioner
for Madras, No. 203-D., dated 23rd July 1915.
I have the honour to submit the Annual Report on Vaccination in the Madras
Presidency for the year 1914-15.
2. Staff.—The three Deputy Sanitary Commissioners sanctioned for the
Presidency have not yet been fully recruited. I was in charge of the Northern
Range throughout the year, Captain M. J. Quirke, I.M.S., the other Deputy
Sanitary Commissioner, on duty, was in charge of the Central and Southern Ranges
till 18th September 1914 when he reverted to military duty. I was then placed
in charge of all the three ranges with head-quarters at Madras and I continued to
hold charge of these till the end of the year.
The subordinate vaccination staff employed in the Presidency during the
past two years is shown in the following statement:—
—
(1)
1913-14
...
1914-15
...
...
Deputy Inspectors.
First grade
Rs. 70.
(2)
23
22
Second
grade
Rs. 60.
(3)
23
23
Third grade
Rs. 40.
(4)
36
36
First-class
vaccinators
Rs. 20—15.
(5)
270
268
Second-class
vaccinators
Rs. 12—10.
(6)
443
462
Third-class
vaccinators
Rs. 7—5.
(7)
125
130
Total
number of
vaccinators.
(8)
838
860
NOTE.—These figures include the staffs employed in Bangalore and Secunderabad Cantonments and exclude
those on duty in the King Institute, Guindy. In the latter Institute there are three Deputy Inspectors of the first
grade and two of the second grade.
3. Inspections by Deputy Sanitary Commissioners.—During the period Captain
M. J. Quirke, I.M.S., held charge of the office of Inspector of Vaccination and
Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, Central and Southern Ranges, he visited the
Municipalities of Conjeeveram, Vellore, Gudiyāttam, Vāniyambādi, Cuddalore,
Tirupati, Kurnool, Nandyal, Māyavarani, Srīvilliputtūr, the village of Kania¬
mattur in the Coimbatore district and vaccination work in the Rāmnād district.
As Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, Northern Range, I inspected the Municipalities
of Berhampur, Guntūr, Pārlakimedi, Vizianagram, Tenāli. Ongole, Chicacole
and Masulipatam, and many rural towns and villages in Ganjām, Vizagapatam,
Gōdāvari, Kistna, Guntūr and Nellore districts. Inspection of vaccination work
was also conducted at places visited in all these districts. In the Central and
Southern Ranges I inspected Udumalpet in the Coimbatore district, Alangayam
and Vellore in the North Arcot District, Tinnevelly and Tenkâsi in the Tinnevelly
district and Tanjore and Māyavaram in the Tanjore district. Under orders of
Government I accompanied Professor Geddes in connection with town-planning
operations in this Presidency to the Municipalities of Vizagapatam, Cocanada, Bez¬
vada, Guntūr, Bellary, Salem, Bangalore, Madura, Trichinopoly, Srirangam
Coimbatore and Tanjore.
4. Vaccination.—(i) As in previous years, the "Trial scheme of vaccination"
was in force in the whole of Chingleput district and in selected areas of North
Arcot, South Arcot and Madura districts. The general extension of the scheme-