NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( 3 )
1st Circle, Kumaon and Rohilkhund, ...
2nd do. Agra and Meerut, ... ...
3rd do. Allahabad and Jhansie, ...
4th do. Benares,
...
...
...
For North-Western Provinces, ...
Percentage of
vaccinations
under one year
to 30 per mille
of total popu-
lation.
17.6
14.0
8.5
1.8
10.3
Taking the birth-rate at 30 per mille of the total population, the
number of births during
the year in the North
Western Provinces would
be about 923,064, while
the number of infants
under 1 year of age
vaccinated was 95,528,
or 10.3 per cent. on
the probable number of
births. His Honor will
be glad if in your next report you would dwell more on this subject, stat-
ing what the age is at which parents are most willing to have their
children vaccinated; and what their objection is to having the operation
performed at an early age when the protection is most required. In
Benares, where the proportion of children vaccinated under one year is
smallest, Dr. MacGregor explains that this may be due to the fact that
inoculation as a rule is not performed on children under the age of
one year. There may be some truth in this, but His Honor doubts if
the figures as to age are at all reliable. In Kumaon it is noticed that
while three-fourths of the operations of last year were said to be performed
on yearling infants, only one-fourth are so returned this year. Violent
variations like this must, unless explained, throw doubt on the statistics.
7. You have done well to quote the figures given in Dr. Walker's
Jail Report, which, though not exhaustive, are accurate as far as they go ;
and probably the Jail population corresponds pretty closely in this respect
with the population of the Province at large. Dr. Walker found that
0.95 of his prisoners had been vaccinated; while the return given in para.
4 showed that the proportion to the whole population, even in this year
of progress, was only 1.2. Besides them 1.57 had been inoculated and
85.29 per cent, of the prisoners had had small-pox. These figures afford
a striking testimony to the terrible scourge which this disease is among
the unprotected population. When 85 per cent. of the surviving popu-
lation have passed through the ordeal, it may be conceived what multi-
tudes must have fallen victims under it.
8. It has already been said that the agency of the Department was
considerably increased during the year. The following table shows the
details for each circle, the average amount of work performed, and the
degree of success effected by the different classes of vaccinators during
the year, as compared with the previous year :—
Division.
Kumaon, ...
Rohilkhund,...
Class of vaccinators.
Government, ... ...
Municipal, ... ...
Local, ... ...
Government,
...
...
Municipal, ... ...
Local, ... ...
Number of men.
1871-72.
14
...
6
28
18
1
l872-73.
14
2
8
39
24
1
Number of opera-
tions per mensem.
1871-72.
403
...
307
381
233
63
1872-73.
395
199
289
312
167
125
Percentage of suc-
cess.
1871-72.
94.7
...
922
89
83.7
77.5
1872-73.
92.43
92.87
92.64
87.50
85.88
87.54
( 4 )
Division.
Meerut, ...
Agra, ...
Allahabad, ...
Jhansie, ...
Benares, ...
Total,
...
Clas3 of vaccinators.
Government,
...
...
Municipal,
...
Local,
...
...
Local in Tehree,
...
Government, ... ...
Municipal, ... ...
Local,
...
...
Government,
...
...
Municipal,
...
...
Local,
...
...
Government,
...
...
Municipal, ... ...
Native Chiefs, ... ...
Government,
...
...
Municipal, ... ...
Local, ... ...
Native Chiefs and landlords,
Government, ... ...
Municipal, ... ...
Local, ... ...
Native Chiefs and landlords,
Number of men.
1871-72.
26
12
5
4
35
13
...
43
6
6
12
3
3
29
6
2
...
187
60
25
...
1872-73.
37
21
11
4
35
16
1
52
7
14
12
5
3
36
8
2
10
225
83
36
17
Number of opera-
tions per mensem.
1871-72.
229
211
58
444
187
167
...
182
161
161
137
83
60
268
149
...
246
189
205
...
1872-73.
289
202
158
340
240
177
100
175
133
112
162
102
52
225
113
103
110
274
157
172
110
Percentage of
success.
1871-72.
91
88.9
81.5
92.6
90.3
93.6
...
80.8
82.4
81.7
79.7
88.1
73.5
87.7
83.7
...
88.5
86.8
88.9
...
1872-73
89.6
88.8
84.5
92.1
93.0
93.0
90.8
82.9
82.6
82.2
79.9
80.9
86.1
87.8
78.6
86.0
85.6
88.2
87 0
85 4
85 6
The Government vaccinators are well ahead both in the average
amount and in the quality of the work performed : this was noticed last
year, and is attributable to their superior training. His Honor, however,
does not doubt that the Municipal and local vaccinators will soon improve
in experience and skill.
District.
Moradabad, ...
Bijnour, ... ...
Saharunpore,
...
Meerut,
...
Cawnpore, ... ...
Goruckpore, ...
Total, ...
No. of Govern-
ment vaccinators.
1871-72.
6
5
4
6
9
6
36
1872-73.
12
10
8
12
18
14
74
Total number vac-
cinated.
1871-72.
11.414
8,552
6.824
5,862
13,076
8,608
54,336
1872-73,
16,618
14,928
13,658
11,939
20,648
9,497
87,288
9. The increase of 38 in the number of Government vaccinators is
chiefly due to the correspondence which took place two years ago regard-
ing the possibility of providing complete immunity from small-pox in cer-
tain localities, so that the people might have before them absolute proof
of the benefits of vaccination. It was resolved, as an experiment, to sup-
ply certain selected districts with a sufficient number of operators to vac-
cinate every child that is born ; and those districts were chosen in which
vaccination had previ-
ously been most popular
and successful, or in
which the people showed
themselves most ready
to co-operate by provid-
ing funds for local vac-
cinators. The table in
the margin shows the re-
sults of the year's work.
So important a subject
should not have been
omitted in your report. The results have not altogether come up to
expectation ; but in some cases the vaccinators were appointed late in the
year, and in most cases they were new to the district, and even to the
work. In Saharunpore and Meerut the number of operations kept pace
( 5 )
Tehseel.
Maharajgunj,
...
...
Pudrowna, ... ...
Number of vac-
cinators.
1871.
1
1
1872.
2
2
Number of oper-
ations .
1871.
1,226
2,290
1872.
982
1,101
with the increase in the
operators; in others, the
increase was in a smaller
proportion. In Goruck-
pore alone the result is
altogether unsatisfactory,
and there it is noticed
that in two tehseels the
number of vaccinations
performed by two men was absolutely less than by one man in the pre-
ceding year.
10. The number of Municipal vaccinators has risen from 60 to 84,
and there are now only 11 Municipalities which do not either wholly or
in part keep up a vaccinator. The importance of this measure has been
recognized by these Corporations in a way which deserves the thanks of
the Lieutenant-Governor. The work done by the Municipal vaccinators,
though good in quality, has been far less in quantity than that of the
Government employes. This was remarked on by Government last year,
and in your present report you attribute it mainly to two causes :—
(1.)—The strong prejudices and greater independence of the ur-
ban population, especially of the Bunniahs and the priestly classes.
(2.)—The fact that the Municipal vaccinators are subject to the
Municipality, and not directly dependent on your Department.
11. As to the first cause, His Honor admits that there may be
a stronger and less manageable prejudice amongst large bodies con-
gregated together, than in a scattered population ; but on the other
hand, an ignorant adherence to antiquated prejudice is generally more
characteristic of the rustic than of the urban population The same
difference has been observed in other Provinces, and is generally
attributed to the greater readiness of the villagers to submit to an opera-
tion which they know to be favored, and may suppose to be ordered,
by Government. But as to the second cause, the Lieutenant-Governor
is not prepared to agree with you ; in fact His Honor would rather
see one vaccinator in a city supported by the Municipality, than several
not so supported. It is possible that in cases where the Municipality
has appointed a vaccinator, the people of the town, and even some
members of the Municipal Committee, may be averse from vaccina-
tion. But from all he has heard and seen of the cities in these Pro-
vinces, the Lieutenant-Governor is quite certain that vaccination has an
immensely greater chance of success when performed by those who are
servants of the Municipality, whose object it is to carry the people with
us, than by an agency unconnected with the city.
12. The increase in the number of local vaccinators is a very encour-
aging symptom. Of these eight are supported in the Kumaon, Bhabur, and
Terai out of the surplus collections of those estates ; six are paid out of
Town Funds in Saharunpore ; five in Moozuffernuggur ; one in Futtehpore,
and six in Humeerpore ; the Cantonments of Bareilly, Agra, Cawnpore
( 6 )
and Benares each support one ; six are supported by private subscrip-
tions in Jounpore, and one in Azimgurh ; the Rajah of Tehree keeps up
four, the three Jagheerdars of the Jhansie Division one each, the Maha-
rajah of Benares four, and other Native gentlemen of that Province sup-
port six vaccinators on their estates. Many of these, however, were only
entertained towards the close of the year ; and some (as the six at Joun-
pore) were so inexperienced, that they were employed only as appren-
tices working with the older vaccinators, and no separate record of their
work was kept up. Hence the number of operations performed is small,
and the percentage of success not high ; but His Honor confidently hopes
to see an improvement next year.
13. In your para. 14 you state that you have prohibited the prac-
tice of employing " oomeclwars " (or unpaid apprentices), except in
special cases. This is contrary to the desire of Government, which is that
this class of men should be encouraged and kept up (see para. 12 of the
Review of last year's report), and as a matter of fact the prohibition does
not seem to be enforced ; at least the Superintendent of the Benares Di-
vision states that " oomedwars " are recognized in Ghazeepore, and that
the result of their employment will be that this district will eventually
have the best vaccinators in the circle. His Honor is doubtful of the
wisdom of prohibiting the employment of this class of men, the work
done by them being so much gain to the Department, and there being
no apparent objection to their employment, provided always that the
vaccinators under whom they work are made responsible for them.
They should of course be carefully selected and kept well under control,
but without some such system it will be hard to fill up the ranks of your
vaccinators, and to supply the yearly increasing demand. So with
regard to the employment of hakeems or native practitioners, it is our
interest to look for good agents amongst this class, for they are as a rule
more popular and better received than the regular operators of the Vac-
cination Department.
14. These remarks apply in some measure also to the conversion
and employment of men practising inoculation. His Honor considers
that it is a matter of great importance as far as possible to procure the
services of inoculators in the Vaccination Department. The results
hitherto have not been encouraging, but efforts should not be relaxed,
and it should not be forgotten that every inoculator employed in the
Vaccination Department is so much instrumentality withdrawn from
spreading the practice of inoculation, and therefore practically a gain to
the cause of vaccination.
15. Para. 33.—His Honor thinks that your views as to the necessity
of strengthening the supervising branch of your Department, so as to keep
pace with the great increase in the strength of the operating branch, are
sound ; and if financial considerations admit of it, would be well disposed
to sanction the appointment of a Native Deputy Superintendent for the
1st and 2nd Circles, corresponding to the official now employed in the
Rohilkhund. Division. These circles are so large in area, that it is im
( 8 )
the two years is given. In future it will be better, if instead of the
separate table for each circle, in which you compare the allotment and
expenditure of the year, a combined statement for the whole Department
is sent, showing the actuals of the last year, and the allotment and expen-
diture of the year reported on, under the several different heads of
Superintendent-General, Superintendent, Deputy Superintendent, Native
Superintendents, vaccinators, and apprentices. A form is appended,
which may be adopted in future.
21. In conclusion, His Honor desires to thank you for your zealous
and successful administration of the Department during the year, the
importance of which Government is ever forward to recognize. The
zealous and successful labors also of the Superintendents have been in
every way deserving of praise.
I have the honor to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient Servant,
C. A. ELLIOTT,
Secretary to Government,
North- Western Provinces,
No. 2193A.
COPY, with extract para. 5 of Dr. Watson's report, forwarded to the
Commissioner of the Allahabad Division, for communication of para. 17
to the Magistrate of Cawnpore.
( 9 )
Appointment.
Paid by Government.
Superintendent-General, ...
Superintendents, ... ...
Deputy
ditto, ... ...
Native
ditto, ... ...
Vaccinators,
...
Apprentices, ... ...
Office Establishment of Superin-
tendent-General.
Ditto
of Superintendent, ...
Travelling Allowance, ...
Contingencies, ... ...
Postage,...
...
...
Paid by Municipalities.
Vaccinators,
...
...
Paid by Local Funds.
Vaccinators, ... ...
Paid by Native Chiefs.
Native Superintendents, ...
Vaccinators, ... ...
Numbers.
1872-73.
1871-72.
Cost.
Actuals
of
1872-73
Allotment
of
1873-74.
Expeuditure of
1873-74.
Remarks.
SEASON OF 1873-74.
RETURNS OF VACCINATION
FOR THE
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES
AND
NATIVE STATES OF BUNDELKHUND.
BY SURGEON-MAJOR F. PEARSON,
SUPERINTENDENT-GENERAL
OF VACCINATION, NORTH-WESTERN
PROVINCES.
ALLAHABAD:
PRINTED AT THE NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES' GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1874.
SEASON OF 1873-74.
RETURNS OF VACCINATION
FOR THE
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES
AND
NATIVE STATES OF BUNDELKHUND.
BY SURGEON-MAJOR F. PEARSON,
SUPERINTENDENT-GENERAL OF VACCINATION, NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES.
ALLAHABAD:
PRINTED AT THE NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES' GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1874.
SEASON OF 1873-74.
RETURNS OF VACCINATION
FOR
THE
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES.
No. 789 of 1874.
FROM
SURGEON-MAJOR F. PEARSON,
Supdt.-General of Vaccination, N.-W. Provinces,
To
C. A. ELLIOTT, ESQUIRE,
Secretary to Government, N.-W.
Provinces.
DATED CAMP PAOREE, GURHWAL, THE 15TH MAY, 1874.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to submit, for the information of His Honor the
Lieutenant-Governor,
1873-74. I regret the delay which has arisen, but it was owing to the non-receipt
of Dr. Smith's returns, which did not reach me until nearly a month after the date
fixed for their submission.
1.—ABSTRACT OF RETURNS OF VACCINATION FOR THE N.-W. PROVINCES.
Strength of establishment. — One Superintendent-General, three superintendents,
one deputy superintendent, 35 native superintendents, 232 vaccinators, 35 ap-
prentices, three tube-fillers, paid by Government; 91 vaccinators paid by municipa-
lities ; 46 vaccinators paid from local funds; one native superintendent paid by
Tehree Rajah; 17 vaccinators paid by native chiefs and landlords,—total strength,
465; being an increase of seven Government vaccinators, seven municipal, 10 local,
and 3 tube-fillers—total increase of strength, 27.
The total number vaccinated.—The total number vaccinated was 464,233, being
an increase of 49,817 : of the above total, 430,565 were primary cases, and 33,668 were
cases of re-vaccination.
Sex of primary cases.—Male, 218,316 ; female, 212,249.
Caste of primary cases.—Christians, 1,306 ; Mahomedans, 69,033; high caste
Hindoos, 86,416 ; low caste Hindoos, 273,810.
Age of primary cases.—Under one year, 106,417 ; over one year, 324,148.
Percentage of success, excluding "unknown" cases.—In primary vaccination, 87.50,
being a decrease of 0.68. In re-vaccination, 56.10, being a decrease of 7.10.
Average number vaccinated monthly by each vaccinator during the vaccine working
season.—250.48, being an increase over last year of 11.68.
Proportion of population successfully vaccinated during the year relatively to the num-
ber of births—Assuming the birth-rate at 30 in 1,000 in a population of 30,781,204,
the percentage successfully vaccinated on the birth addition of 923,433 was 38.68;
being an increase over last year of 2.58 per cent.
1v
( 2 )
Proportion successfully vaccinated amongst children below one year of age as compared
with the assumed number of births during the year.—The number of children below one
year of age vaccinated was 106,417 ; assuming 87.50 of these to have been successful,
then 10.08 per cent. of the children born were successfully vaccinated.
Deaths from small-pox.—In previous year, 30,073 ; in present year, 97,093.
Percentage of sex and age in primary cases.
Male.
51.42
Female.
48.55
Under one year.
22.70
Over one year.
77.28
Percentage of caste in primary cases.
Christians.
00.32
Mahomedans.
15.82
High caste Hindoos.
25.55
Low caste Hindoos.
58.27
Comparative number of all vaccinations per mensem, with percentage of success
performed by each class of vaccinator.
No.
232
91
46
17
Class of vaccinators.
Government vaccinators, ...
Municipal
ditto, ...
Local
ditto, ...
Native chiefs and landlords do.,
Average monthly
number.
292.47
188.79
192.88
155.50
Monthly per-
centage of success.
86.65
87.43
84.04
84.74
Remarks.
Proportion in a hundred of Christians, Mahomedans, high caste Hindoos, and
low caste Hindoos in population of circle.
Christians.
00.07
Mahomedans.
13.61
High caste Hindoos.
22.73
Low caste Hindoos.
63.58
2.—GENERAL REMARKS.
The grand total number of persons successfully vaccinated has, during the past
season, been 357,360, being an increase of 24,882 over that of the previous year. The
cost of each successful case is 4 annas 8 pie. In England the amount allowed by the
Government is 2s. 6d. per case : here we manage to effect it at 7d.; but notwithstanding
our modest charge, I am not prepared to say that we are very far behind British
arrangements in securing that the work is as well performed.
3.—KUMAON AND ROHILKHUND, 1ST CIRCLE.
(a). Kumaon Division.
Strength of vaccine establishment.—One Superintendent-General, three native
superintendents, 14 vaccinators, three apprentices, two tube-fillers, paid by Go-
vernment; two vaccinators paid by municipalities ; eight vaccinators paid from local
funds; one vaccinator paid from cantonment fund—total strength, 34; being an
increase since last year of two tube-fillers, and one cantonment vaccinator.
( 3 )
Total number vaccinated.—The total number vaccinated was 64,502, being an
increase of 9,788 over last year : of the above, 40,253 were primary cases, and 24,249
were cases of re-vaccination.
Sex of primary cases.—Male, 21,236; female, 19,017.
Caste of primary cases.—Christians, 155 ; Mahomedans, 2,268 ; high caste Hin-
doos, 28,305 ; low caste Hindoos, 9,525.
Age of primary cases.—Under one year, 10,221; over one year, 30,032.
Percentage of success, excluding "unknown " cases.—In primary vaccination, 95.20,
being an increase of 2.70 ; in re-vaccination, 27.30, being a decrease of 16.40 as com-
pared with the previous year.
Average number vaccinated monthly by each vaccinator during the vaccine working
season—was 368, being an increase of 43 over last year. There was an inaccuracy
in last year's average, arising from the numbers done being divided by five instead of
seven months. The corrected average is 325.
Proportion of population successfully vaccinated during the year relatively to the
number of births.—Assuming the birth-rate at 30 in 1,000 in a population of 929,260,
the amount successfully vaccinated on the birth addition of 27,877 was 153.34 per cent.
Proportion successfully vaccinated amongst children below one year of age, as com-
pared with the assumed number of births during the year.—The number of children
below one year successfully vaccinated was 10,221: assuming 95.20 per cent. of these
to have been successful, then 36.66 per cent. of the children born were successfully
vaccinated.
Deaths from small-pox.—In previous year—in the hills. 104, in the terai, one; in
present year—in the hills, 107, in the terai, 137.
Percentage of sex and age in primary cases.
Male.
52.75
Female.
47.24
Under one year.
25.39
Over one year.
74.60 *
Remarks.
* Vaccination of grown-up chil-
dren accounts for this large
proportion.
Percentage of caste in primary cases.
Christians.
.38
Mahomedans.
563*
High caste
Hindoos.
70.31
Low caste
Hindoos.
23.66
Remarks.
* Most of these were terai
inhabitants.
Comparative number of all vaccinations per mensem, with percentage of success in
primary cases, performed by each class of vaccinator.
No.
14
2
8
1
Class of vaccinator.
Government vaccinators, ...
Municipal
ditto, ...
Local
ditto, ...
Cantonment vaccinator,
...
Average monthly
number.
439
267
340
353
Monthly percentages
of success.
95.72
93.50
93.54
98.96
Remarks.
( 6 )
Percentage of sex and age in primary cases.
Male.
49.87
Female.
50.12
Under one year.
30.15
Over one year.
69.84
Percentage of caste in primary cases.
Christian.
0.27
Mahomedans.
14.34
High-caste Hindoos.
17.89
Low-caste Hindoos.
67.49
Remarks.
Remarks.
Comparative number of all vaccinations per mensem, with percentage of success in primary
cases performed by each class of vaccinator.
No.
72
40
17
4
Class of vaccinator.
Government vaccinators, ...
Municipal
ditto,
...
Local ditto,
...
Native chiefs' and landlords' ditto, ...
Average monthly
number.
273
187
186
267
Monthly percentage
of success.
80.57
88.67
77.91
92.06
Remarks.
Work in the hills.
Proportion in a hundred of Christians, Mahomedans, high-caste Hindoos and low-caste
Hindoos in population of circle.
Christians.
0.10
Mahomedans.
14.83
High-caste Hindoos.
22.96
Low-caste Hindoos.
62.19
7.—GENERAL REMARKS ON THE ROHILKHUND DIVISION.
I visited this division during the month of November, and can testify to the thorough
trustworthiness of the deputy superintendent, Baboo Bundedeen ; he is most zealous in
the discharge of his duties, and is favourably received wherever he goes by all classes.
He brings to my notice that he is particularly indebted to Mr. J. C. Colvin of
Bijnour, for the interest they take in the spread of vaccination. It is my own experi-
ence that the Rohilkhund civil authorities, as a body, have uniformly shown themselves
earnest in the cause of vaccination, and it is greatly owing to this fact that this divi-
sion, amongst all the plains' circles, stands out so pre-eminently successful in results.
The deputy superintendent, Baboo Bundedeen, mentions native superintendent Syud
Syde Ally, of the Bijnour zillah, as conspicuous for energy over all the other four
native superintendents. In the absence of any other means of rewarding him I record
his name in print. The large increase in the numbers vaccinated this year is owing
chiefly to an omedwar having been attached to each vaccinator in the Budaon and
Bareilly zillahs, to train them for the prospective appointments of next year ; the