NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
December 1954 ]
N.
D.
KEHAR
195
Although it was intended to conduct these observations over a period of eight
or more months, due to factors beyond our control, the feeding at Montgomery
and Rampur had to be discontinued after 27 and 22 weeks respectively.
Treatment of straw
The alkali treatment of straw essentially consists of soaking chopped (3-6 in.
length) straw in eight times its weight of one per cent caustic soda solution for
16-24 hours, and then washing the soaked straw thrice with water to remove the
adhering alkali.
The treatment is carried out in tanks made of cement concrete. The tanks
may preferably be constructed in pairs. One tank is placed at a higher level over
the other and in between the two, a sloping ramp of about a foot and a half is pro-
vided. The upper tank is provided with two outlets, one opening into the lower
tank and the other to the outside drain. The lower tank is provided with one out-
let connecting it with the drain outside. The size of the tank varies with the quantity
of straw to be treated. Usually to treat two maunds of straw the size of the tanks
should be 7 ft. × 3 ft. × 2 ft.
The construction of the tanks is shown in Fig. 1. The advantage in the con-
struction of paired tanks is that it helps in affecting economy in caustic soda, be-
cause the spent liquor of one treatment can be used again in the second treatment.
The provision of the ramp has proved useful in draining out the liquor in the soaked
straw.
After the straw is kept soaked for the requisite time, it is pushed to one side
of the tank and the accumulated liquor in the other corner is run out through an
outlet in the tank below. The treated straw is then thoroughly washed with fresh
water to remove the excess alkali adhering to it. The washing may be done for
at least three times. The first wash water is drawn into the second tank contain-
ing the mother liquor. The second and third wash water is run out from the other
outlet. After the final washing, the wet straw is lifted up on the ramp and con-
veniently taken out for drying.
To treat the second batch in the lower tank, requisite quantity of fresh water
is added into the mother liquor and the first wash water received from the first
treatment. Half the quantity of caustic soda required in the first treatment is
added to the liquor to bring it to the correct strength. After the second treatment,
the liquor is thrown away.
In actual operation the tank should be filled to a particular level for the pre-
paration of alkali solution. Weighed quantity of soda is added to make the strength
1 per cent. The requisite quantity of straw is then steeped in the alkaline solution.
After the addition of total quantity of straw a suitable weight should be placed on
the top to keep the straw thoroughly steeped in the liquor.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Average straw consumption
In all the centres the animals in both the control and experimental groups were
given free access to straw after they had consumed their scheduled allowance of
196
ALKALI-TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[ Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
Fig. 2. The change in live-weight of young animals (Sodepur centre)
December, 1954 ]
N.
D.
KEHAR
197
concentrates and green fodder. The animals at Sodepur and Puri were stall fed,
whereas those at Rampur and Montgomery were let out for grazing. In the latter
centres, therefore, the consumption of straw was bound to be relatively low. The
average consumption of straw by the two groups at different centres is given in
Table V.
TABLE V
Average straw consumption in pounds per animal per day at different centres
Centre
Sodepur
Puri
Montgomery
Rampur
Type of straw
Rice straw
Rice straw
Wheat straw
Wheat straw
Untreated
group
4.3
6.6
2.8
2.4
Treated
group
4.6
6.6
2.4
2.6
It is apparent from the data in TABLE V that the consumption of treated and
untreated straw was almost the same. The alkali-treated straw was, however,
preferred as the experimental group animals always took less time in eating than
the control group.
Change in live-weight
The detailed data regarding the change in live-weight of animals in the two
groups at the various centres are given in Tables VI, VII, VIII and IX. The trend
of change in weight is graphically presented in Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Statistical analysis of results on growth
The analysis of the data consisted of evaluating the rates of growth in weight
by fitting linear regression and conducting an analysis of variance on these growth
rates. For the growth study there were always two factors to be compared for any
centre, the treatment and the control. The test of significance employed was the
so-called ' t' test on these growth rates. The results for the different centres are
given below :
1. Sodepur. For this centre, although the value of 't' was not strictly
significant at 5 per cent level it was almost touching the significance value at
that level.
2. Puri. The observed value of ' t' was very highly significant indicating
that there was very strong evidence in favour of the superiority of the
alkali-treated
paddy
straw
over
the
untreated
paddy
straw in
accentuating growth of animals. Statistically the average rate of growth
104 AR/54.
2
198
ALKALI-TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[ Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
Fig. 3. The change in live-weight of young animals (Puri centre)
December, 1954 ]
N.
D.
KEHAR
199
Fig. 4. The change in live-weight of young animals (Montgomery centre)
200
ALKALI-TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
Fig. 5. The change in live-weight of young animals
(Rampur State)
December, 1954 ]
N.
D.
KEHAR
201
TABLE VI
The change in live-weight of animals at Sodepur centre
(in pounds)
Weeks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Control group
1
184
184
184
184
184
194
194
204
204
204
214
214
214
224
224
224
2
142
142
152
152
152
152
152
152
164
164
164
164
174
180
180
184
3
184
184
194
194
204
214
214
214
224
238
234
234
246
256
256
256
4(a)
184
174
184
194
204
204
214
214
214
214
218
218
222
208
204
..
4(b)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
142
142
152
152
164
164
174
174
184
184
194
194
204
214
214
224
6
132
142
152
152
164
164
164
174
184
184
194
194
204
214
214
214
Avg.
161
162
169
171
178
182
185
188
195
196
203
203
211
216
215
220
Experimental group
1(a)
184
184
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1(b)
..
..
194
194
204
214
224
228
234
234
238
246
246
256
256
256
2
132
132
132
132
142
152
152
158
164
174
174
174
184
194
204
214
3
174
174
174
174
174
184
184
188
188
188
198
198
208
214
228
228
4
214
224
224
234
246
256
266
270
276
288
296
296
306
316
322
322
5
142
152
164
164
174
184
184
194
204
208
214
224
234
234
234
234
6
102
112
122
122
132
142
152
152
152
164
168
174
174
184
184
188
Avg.
158
163
168
170
178
188
193
198
203
209
214
219
225
233
238
240
202
ALKALI-TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[ Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
TABLE VI—(contd.)
The change in live-weight of animals at Sodepur centre
(in pounds)
Weeks
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Control group
1
228
234
234
234
234
234
244
246
246
246
256
256
256
260
266
276
2
184
188
194
194
194
194
204
204
204
204
208
214
214
224
224
234
3
266
266
270
276
276
286
286
286
286
296
296
296
296
296
306
316
4(a)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4(b)
204
214
214
224
224
224
234
234
234
244
246
246
246
246
246
256
5
230
234
234
234
246
246
250
260
266
276
276
276
276
276
286
296
6
214
214
224
224
224
234
238
246
246
246
246
258
266
276
276
286
Avg.
221
225
229
232
233
236
243
246
247
252
255
257
259
263
267
277
Experimental group
1(a)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1(b)
266
270
276
282
296
306
306
306
316
326
326
336
346
356
366
376
2
214
224
234
234
238
238
244
254
256
256
256
266
266
270
276
286
3
238
238
238
342
246
246
256
256
256
266
266
266
266
286
286
306
4
328
334
340
348
358
358
368
378
382
388
388
388
398
410
420
450
5
246
256
266
266
270
276
276
286
296
296
306
306
316
328
338
358
6
194
204
204
210
214
214
214
224
224
228
234
234
234
234
238
240
Avg.
248
254
260
266
270
272
277
284
288
293
298
299
304
314
321
336
December, 1954 ]
N.
D.
KEHAR
203
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
276
276
276
276
286
286
291
234
246
256
256
261
261
266
326
326
326
326
331
336
341
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
266
276
276
276
276
281
281
306
316
316
321
321
321
326
286
296
296
296
296
301
301
282
289
291
292
295
298
301
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
380
388
388
393
398
398
408
296
306
306
311
316
321
331
306
316
316
326
331
336
341
460
470
470
475
480
485
495
368
378
378
383
388
388
398
246
256
256
256
266
266
271
343
352
352
357
361
336
374
Statistical analysis of data from—
(a) 3rd to 37th week for animal No. 1 and 1(b)
(b) Statistical analysis of data from 1st to 34th week for all animals except 1, 1(b), 4(a). 4(b), 1(a) and (4)
Weekly growth rate of animals in
Pair No.
1
2
3
5
6
Average
Control
group
bi
2.8890
3.2269
3.9018
4.9711
4.2790
3.8535
Experimental
group
b'i
6.0856
5.3835
4.6743
6.5394
3.9203
5.3206
di=b'i—bi
3.1966
2.1566
0.7725
1.5683
—0.3587
1.4671
di 2 =18.0542
CF=10.7613/7.2929
S 2 =7.2929/4=1.8232
t=1.4671/√1.8232/5=2.429
204
ALKALI TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[ Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
TABLE VII
The change in live weight of animals at Puri centre
(in pounds)
Weeks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Control group
1
110
110
112
116
120
123
125
128
130
132
133
134
135
136
138
139
2
213
214
215
215
220
229
232
237
240
243
245
247
249
252
253
254
3
224
229
232
233
235
248
254
258
261
263
264
266
268
270
271
273
4
229
232
235
237
240
243
248
253
255
255
257
258
260
262
263
264
5
206
208
211
214
217
225
227
230
232
234
236
238
240
241
243
245
6
93
94
99
103
110
113
117
120
122
123
124
125
126
127
129
130
Average
179
181
184
187
190
197
200
205
207
208
210
211
213
215
216
218
Experimental group
1
104
107
110
110
112
117
121
125
128
131
132
133
135
138
140
143
2
198
206
210
212
224
234
240
250
255
259
262
266
270
275
278
281
3
227
236
239
240
243
255
257
262
266
263
270
272
274
278
281
283
4
235
240
243
245
247
256
259
265
269
273
275
278
282
285
289
292
5
209
217
220
224
227
235
242
248
252
256
260
264
268
273
277
281
6
99
102
105
112
120
124
126
130
133
135
140
142
145
148
151
154
Average
179
185
188
191
196
204
208
214
217
220
220
226
229
233
236
239
December, 1954]
N.
D.
KEHAR
205
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
155
256
255
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
271
274
276
277
279
280
281
282
283
283
284
284
285
285
286
286
287
287
288
265
267
269
270
270
272
273
274
275
275
276
277
278
279
280
280
281
281
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
253
254
255
257
258
259
260
261
261
262
263
131
132
134
135
136
137
138
138
139
140
141
141
141
142
142
143
144
144
219
220
221
223
223
225
226
226
227
227
229
229
230
231
232
233
233
234
146
149
151
153
154
156
158
160
162
163
165
167
169
170
172
173
175
176
283
285
287
290
292
294
296
298
300
302
304
306
308
310
311
313
315
315
285
287
289
291
293
294
296
297
299
300
301
303
305
308
311
312
314
315
295
298
300
302
304
306
308
310
312
313
315
317
319
320
321
323
325
325
284
287
290
292
294
296
299
301
303
305
306
308
310
312
314
316
318
319
157
159
161
163
165
167
169
170
171
172
174
176
177
178
179
180
182
182
241
244
246
249
250
252
254
256
258
259
261
263
265
266
268
270
272
272
104 AR/54
3
206
ALKALI TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[ Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
Statistical analysis
Weekly growth rate of
animals in
Pair No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
Control
group
bi
1.2996
1.7296
1.7665
1.4926
1.6193
1.3728
1.5467
Experimental
group
b'i
2.2076
3.3294
2.4218
2.7468
3.2607
2.4519
2.7364
di=b'i—bi
0.90S0
1.5998
0.6553
1.2542
1.6414
1.0791
1.1896
di 2 = 9.2449
CF=8.4914/0.7535
S 2 =0.7535/5=0.1507
t =1.1896/√ 0.1507/6=7.508
December, 1954]
N.
D.
KEHAR
207
TABLE VIII
The change in live-weight of young animals at Montgomery centre
(in pounds)
Weeks
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Control group
1
184
197
206
..
211
216
226
235
240
244
255
265
278
285
300
309
2
162
173
185
..
196
196
204
209
218
223
232
244
249
256
262
269
3
144
150
166
..
174
181
185
193
190
200
210
218
228
239
248
260
4
148
155
168
..
173
177
177
181
192
197
206
213
221
221
231
238
5
170
179
194
..
189
196
206
212
216
222
232
243
244
251
263
268
Average
162
171
184
..
188
193
200
206
211
217
227
237
244
251
261
269
Experimental group
1
186
192
204
..
198
207
215
222
232
237
246
259
272
276
289
292
2
161
163
174
..
189
193
207
207
216
224
233
244
254
260
270
281
3
147
149
155
..
160
166
166
169
178
183
187
197
206
213
222
233
4
181
187
199
..
210
214
219
230
234
240
251
265
274
285
297
304
5
142
146
154
..
169
170
179
182
185
192
200
210
222
222
241
246
Average
163
167
177
..
185
190
196
202
209
215
223
235
246
251
264
271
208
ALKALI-TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[ Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
TABLE VIII—(contd).
The change in live-weight of young animals at Montgomery centre
(in pounds)
Weeks
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Control group
1
315
326
340
351
361
365
368
380
383
402
408
406
2
280
290
296
305
313
329
331
320
325
348
362
355
3
268
261
278
283
294
311
314
322
322
340
348
345
4
250
260
268
280
290
284
288
288
283
308
318
314
5
284
297
302
305
320
322
328
336
339
344
349
340
Average
279
287
297
305
316
322
326
329
330
348
357
352
Experimental group
1
301
305
320
335
342
352
364
365
370
380
395
398
2
290
302
310
317
334
340
356
365
372
367
390
384
3
247
253
267
280
290
298
305
314
325
336
350
351
4
316
324
332
343
350
365
369
380
387
397
409
409
5
265
278
268
297
311
322
322
332
343
357
355
373
Average
284
292
302
314
325
355
343
351
359
367
382
385
Statistical analysis of data from 4th week onwards
Weekly growth rate of animals in
Pair
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Average
Control
group
bi
9.1448
7.4609
8.0270
6.6730
7.4470
7.7505
Experi
mental
group
b'i
8.9026
9.3178
9.0078
9.3130
9.4726
9.2028
di=b'i—bi
—0.2422
1.8569
0.9808
2.6400
2.0256
1.4522
di 2 = 15.5412
CF= 10. 5447/ 4. 9967
S 2 =4.9967/4=1.2492
t=1.4522/√1.2492/5=2.904
December, 1954 ]
N.
D.
KEHAR
209
TABLE IX
The change in live-weight of young animals of Rampur centre
(in pounds)
Weeks
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Control group
1
158
160
156
158
..
164
163
168
164
164
166
166
166
164
166
166
2
196
194
180
184
..
200
206
208
204
209
210
212
210
212
208
207
3
134
136
128
124
..
148
144
142
148
147
145
146
149
140
148
150
4
115
121
112
108
..
113
113
100
108
110
112
114
115
118
118
118
5
187
189
190
196
..
200
200
204
210
208
212
204
201
206
204
206
6
132
130
140
160
..
165
168
172
168
168
169
166
166
164
170
172
Average
154
155
151
155
..
165
166
166
167
168
169
168
168
167
169
170
Experimental group
1
160
158
168
166
..
165
169
176
180
182
187
188
193
200
200
162
2
208
226
233
238
..
242
248
240
244
248
256
256
260
268
273
280
3
132
134
143
151
..
169
160
162
160
144
146
144
146
144
156
155
4
96
114
128
138
..
159
157
158
159
160
160
162
165
162
164
160
5
212
208
217
211
..
203
210
214
215
217
220
224
221
232
236
239
6
152
146
155
166
..
176
168
178
175
179
180
189
192
200
207
216
Average
160
164
174
178
..
184
185
188
189
188
192
194
196
201
206
202
210
ALKALI-TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
TABLE IX—(contd.)
The change in live-weight of young animals of Rampur centre
(in pounds)
Weeks
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Control group
1
164
161
165
166
164
182
186
2
206
207
208
206
210
208
206
3
144
144
148
142
145
144
149
4
112
112
114
116
112
116
115
5
214
212
210
208
208
214
216
6
172
174
175
176
168
170
173
Average
169
168
170
169
168
172
174
Experimental group
1
164
166
168
169
168
173
190
2
290
290
292
293
296
310
315
3
156
152
156
156
160
159
160
4
168
171
168
170
170
170
169
5
236
234
240
238
240
240
238
6
223
229
236
236
238
238
240
Average
206
207
210
210
214
215
219
Statistical analysis of data from 5th week onwards
Weekly growth rate of animals in
Pair
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
Control
group
bi
0.6140
0.1889
—0.0072
0.4066
—0.5150
0.0365
0.1206
Experi
mental
group
b'i
—0.2332
4.4448
0.1692
0.8338
2.1249
4.8442
2.0306
di=b'i-bi
—0.8472
4.2559
0.1764
0.4272
2.6399
4.8077
1.9100
di 2 =49.1271
CF=21.8887
= 27.2385
S 2 =27.2385/5= 5.4477
t =1.9100/√ 5.4470/6 = 2.01
December, 1954 ]
N.
D.
KEHAR
213
(b) Caustic soda 31,200 lb.—cost Rs. 5,850
(c) Labour 8,320 hours—cost Rs. 1,040
Total Rs. 19,890
At the above total monetary involvement the quantity of treated straw obtained
would be 364,000 lb. The price of treated straw per 80 lb. (approximately a maund),
therefore, comes to about Rs. 4-6.
For reasons already mentioned, economics of feeding have been worked out for
only the Montgomery and Puri farms. It is to be mentioned that the nutritional
level will have important bearing on the economics of feeding. In the present case
the nutritional planes have been different for different centres. The economics of
feeding for these centres will thus have different meanings and have to be considered
in the context of the nutritional planes maintained at the centres. Of the two
centres, Puri and Montgomery, the nutritional plane at Montgomery corresponded
to Morrison standard but at Puri it was at a much lower level than the Morrison
standard. On the other hand, the conditions of experiment at Puri respresented
only those under which vast majority of young stock in this country are fed and
managed, and in the calculation of economics of alkali-treated straw-feeding the
data obtained from this centre, are likely to offer a more true picture than elsewhere.
The cost of feeding of the control and experimental group of animals at the
Puri centre may be calculated on the following basis :
(a) The approximate prices of the feeding stuffs may be reckoned as follows :
1. Untreated straw at Rs. 2 per maund or 80 lb.
2. Treated straw at Rs. 4-6 per maund or 80 lb.
3. Green fodder at Rs. 2 per maund or 80 lb.
4. Concentrate mixture Rs. 5 per maund or 80 lb.
5. Common salt—2 annas per pound.
(b) The cost of management per animal considered at the rate of one anna
per day.
Based on the above, the cost of feeding and management per animal per day at
Puri and Montgomery are set out in Tables X and XI respectively.
TABLE X
Daily cost of feeding and management of animals at Puri Centre
Item
Straw
Green fodder
Concentrate mixture
Common salt
Management
Control
6.6 lb.
1.0 lb.
1.5 lb.
1.5 oz.
10.6 pice
1.6 pice
6.0 pice
0.8 pice
4.0 pice
23.0 pice
Item
Straw
Green fodder
Concentrate mixture
Common salt
Management
Experimental
6.6 lb.
1.0 lb.
1.5 lb.
1.5 oz.
23.1 pice
1.6 pice
6.0 pice
0.8 pice
4.0 pice
35.5 pice
104 AR/54.
4
214
ALKALI-TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[ Vol. XXIV, Part IV,
TABLE XI
Daily cost of feeding and management of animals at Montgomery centre
Item
Straw
Green fodder
Concentrate mixture
Management
Control
2.8 lb.
3.0 lb.
2.0 lb.
4.5 pice
4.8 pice
8.0 pice
4.0 pice
21.3 pice
Item
Straw
Green fodder
Concentrate mixture
Management
Experimental
2.4 lb.
3.0 lb.
2.0 lb.
8.4 pice
4.8 pice
8.0 pice
4.0 pice
25.2 pice
For working out the economics, the cost of feeding and management for 100 lb.
gain in live-weight of the animals in the control and the experimental groups have
been worked out and compared. Results for the Puri and the Montgomery centres
are separately presented below.
1. Puri Centre (Rice straw).—The average rate of growth for animals in the
control group was 0.221 lb. per day and that for the animals in the experimental
group was 0.391 lb. per day. Thus the number of days required to gain 100 lb. weight
will be 452 and 256 for the control and the experimental group respectively. The
cost of feeding and management for 100 lb. gain in live-weight at Puri thus worked
out as follows:—
For the control group 23.0×452 pice or Rs. 162-7-0.
For the experimental group 35.5×256 pice or Rs. 142.
It can thus be seen that the alkali-treated straw feeding to growing stock main-
tained at the plane of nutrition as at Puri is more economical for growth, there being a
saving of 13 per cent in cost and 196 days for the gain of 100 lb. in live-weight.
2. Montgomery Centre (Wheat straw).—The average rate of growth for control
group at this centre was 1.107 lb. per day and that for the experimental group was
1.315 lb. per day. This means that to gain a weight of 100 lb. the animals in the
control group would take 90 days as against 76 days for the experimental group.
The cost of feeding and management for a gain of 100 lb. in weight for the control
and the experimental group thus works out as follows :
For the control group 21.3×90 pice or Rs. 29-15-3.
For the experimental group 25.2×76 pice or Rs. 29-14-9.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Earlier observations in the animal nutrition laboratories showed that the
alkali-treatment increased the digestibility coefficient of total carbohydrates from 51
to 72 and from 57 to 76 for wheat and paddy straws respectively. This increased
digestibility enhanced the total digestible nutrients in the straws to the extent of
about 45 per cent. Further it was also found that alkali-treatment removes 70 to 80
216
ALKALI-TREATED CEREAL STRAWS
[ Vol. XXIV, Part IV
uniform for all the centres as the plane of nutrition was different at different centres.
The results indicated that there might be some relation between the plane of nutrition
at which the animals are maintained and the rate of increase in their growth conse-
quent to the feeding of alkali-treated straw. The rate of increase appeared to be
falling with the improvement in the plane of nutrition.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Grateful thanks are due to Sardar Datar Singh, Govin Brothers, and the Direc-
tors, Veterinary Services, U. P., Orissa, and Bengal; and the management of the
pinjrapole at Sodepur and gowshala at Puri, for their whole-hearted co-operation in
extending every facility in prosecuting this project of research.
The assistance given by the Statistician, Indian Council of Agricultural Re-
search, New Delhi, in statistical analysis of the data, is gratefully acknowledged.
The author also expresses his great appreciation of the assistance rendered by
Messrs. Naimat Khan, Asghar Ali, S. L. Mukerjee, P. N. Johri and N. Patnaik in
supervising the feeding of the animals at different farms and pinjrapoles.
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Beckmann, E., et al. (1919). Z. angew. Chem., 32, 81-82 ; G.P. 305641 (1917); Cited by Schorger in
the Chemistry of Cellulose and Wood (1926 Edition), 497
Godden, W. (1920). J. Agric. Sci. 10, 437
Lehmann, F., et a . (1900). Landw. Vers. Sta., 53, 302 ; Cited by Schorger in the Chemistry of Cellulose
and Wood (1926 Edition), 496
Sen, K. C., Ray, S. C. and Talapatra, S. K. (1942). Indian J. vet. Sci., 12, 263
Slade, R. E., Watson, S. J. and Ferguson, W. S. (1927). Biochem. J., 21, 971