388
would be impossible to cultivate the hemp plant in
the paddy kwins of this district.
14. Not to my knowledge.
Ganja is smuggled into the province ready pre-
pared for use of natives of India.
15. Unable to give particulars, as the subject is
not known to me.
16. Don't know.
17. Formerly by Karens and Talaings.
18. No personal knowledge on the subject.
19. Ganja is sometimes used for flavouring cur-
ries and medicinal purposes.
Charas not known.
20. No statistics available.
21. Flat ganja.
22. Charas not known.
2 3 . Bh a n g i s u s e d f o r s mo k i n g , c h i e f l y b y n a t i v e s
of India, in the district, and a few Burmans.
2 4 . Bu r ma n s d o n ' t d r i n k b h a n g , b u t o n l y s mo k e
it. The Hindus are reported to drink bhang.
25. Decrease amongst the Burmans. Natives of
India use it when they can get it.
26. Not known.
27. The poor class. Habits of life or circum-
stances which lead to the practice not known.
28. Not known.
29. Tobacco is mixed with ganja, either because
it is too strong or too expensive. Bhang massala
is not known to me.
30. As ganja is prohibited in the province, its
consumption is practised in solitude. Mainly con-
fined to the male sex and not given to children.
31 (a) Yes. Not by Burmans.
(b) . Yes.
32. Not known.
33. The consumption of each of the drugs is re-
garded by the Buddhists with disgust. Public opi-
nion (social and religious) is against the use of
these drugs. Consumers of these drugs are looked
upon as idlers, suspects, and bad characters.
I am not aware of there being any custom of
worshipping the hemp plant.
34. Not amongst the Burmans, except in the
few cases of persons who have become habituals.
In my opinion it would be a serious privation to
natives of India; but this question is one for the
medical witnesses to answer.
35. The use of these drugs has been prohibited
for the last twenty years, and is now only illicitly
consumed.
36. No reason to think alcohol is now being to a
certain extent substituted for any of these drugs.
37. Charas not being known, the effects of
charas smoking, compared to ganja smoking, are
not known.
38. Not known.
39. Consumption of ganja by smoking is said to
be less injurious than eating it.
40. Yes.
The Karens give ganja to their elephants, and
I believe it is used in the treatment of cattle-disease
but being prohibited, the Burman agriculturist will
not admit the fact.
41. The medical officers and Burman doctor
consulted say ' yés.'
42. See reply to 41.
43. Opinions differ. Offensive to Buddhists, in-
offensive to natives of India. I don't know any
respectable persons who are consumers of the drug.
44. The medical opinion is it is refreshing, pro-
duces intoxication, does not allay hunger, but creates
an appetite. The effects last from three to six hours.
After-effects are great lassitude and drowsiness.
The want of subsequent gratification produces long-
ing and uneasiness.
45. The opinion of the medical officers and Bur-
mans consulted is, these drugs produce a noxious
effect, but only to a very small degree.
Does not impair the constitution of a Burman or
injure digestion or cause loss of appetite. It does
not cause dysentery, bronchitis or asthma; in fact
it is prescribed by native doctors as a remedy for
these diseases.
Does impair the moral sense, and induces laziness,
but does not induce habits of immorality or debau-
chery. Does deaden the intellect, and produces
insanity, temporary and permanent. If temporary,
the symptoms may be re-induced by use of the drug
after liberation from restraint. The medical wit-
nesses will give evidence regarding the typical
symptoms and remaining points to be reported on
under this section.
46. The effects of the habitual excessive use of
any of the drugs is the same as the moderate use.
Only the effects are more violent in form.
47. No.
48. The habitual excessive use of these drugs is
reported to affect the children of habitual excessive
consumers.
49. This question can be answered by the
medical witnesses who will be examined. The
Burman doctor reports that ganja is used by
Burmese prostitutes.
50. For the medical witnesses to say.
51. Not in Burma. A ganja consumer is sus-
pected of every petty theft in the quarter where he
is seen.
52. Same as 51.
53. Yes. Personally I know of no case where
excessive indulgence has led to temporary homicidal
frenzy.
54. I am not aware of Burman criminals so for-
tifying themselves with these drugs. They fortify
themselves with alcohol instead.
55. Cannot say, as no such cases have come
before me.
56. No experience ; can't say.
57. Ganja, when not moderately taken, eaten in
a curry produces deep sleep and unconsciousness.
58 to 69. As the drug is prohibited, no reply
necessary.
70. Ganja is smuggled into this province at the
seaport towns by lascars and others belonging to
the steamers that trade between India and this
province. It is also sent by post to sepoys and
others in garrison towns and towns in the interior.
Oral evidence.
Question 1.—I joined the service in June 1878
as police officer, and was transferred to the Com-
mission in 1886. I am acquainted with most
parts of Burma, except Upper Burma and the
Arakan Division.
Question 25.—I do not know of the Burmans
using the drug at all now. It has been prohibited
for twenty years. The Indians can get the drug
when they want it. I am told it is worth its weight
in silver. An ordinary chatty full is worth about