128
pipe before the effect of the first has passed off, I
think accounts for the idea that the first smoke
only is effective. The effect appears to be main-
-tained from morning till night by continuous
smoking. Smoking ganja and charas do produce
after-effects, which are said to be as follows.
They are usually felt the first thing in the morn-
ing; but with the first smoke they all disappear.
Water runs from the eyes and nostrils, eyes
become red and pus oozes from them during sleep,
aching of the limbs and joints, headache and
sleeplessness. The want of subsequent gratifica
-
tion goes produce uneasiness and longing for the
drug. Cessation of the use of the drug is invariably
followed by diarrhœa, flatulence, loss of appetite, in
-
digestion, headache and general indisposition. The
general idea is that these drugs create appetite,
and again smokers say that if they have no food
or water, which is very often the case with fakirs
and sadhus when travelling, they can manage
without food or water for a considerable time
without feeling the pangs of hunger or thirst
provided they have ganja.
45. The habitual habit of smoking charas and
ganja in moderation does impair the constitution.
It causes bronchitis and asthma. It does not
impair the appetite but, usually creates it and aids
the digestion. It induces laziness and also habits
of immorality and debauchery when the consumer
is able to take good nourishing food. It also
deadens the intellect, but the moderate use of the
drug rarely produces insanity, but it certainly does
produce insanity when used to excess. Ganja and
charas smoking in moderation by various people
who live well is said to materially assist them in
the accomplishment of their lustful desires.
46. Excessive smoking of ganja and charas
causes impotency. The majority of sadhus, gosains
and other devotees take vows of celibacy, which I
doubt many of them would be able to fulfil were
they not more or less incapacitated for sexual
intercourse by the excessive use of these drugs.
Excessive smoking of ganja or charas causes
insanity, but I am unable to say of what type.
47. The habitual moderate or excessive use of
these drugs does not appear to be hereditary, and
does not appear to affect the children of moderate
consumers.
48. The habitual excessive use of these drugs
does not appear to be hereditary. The habit of
smoking these drugs is usually contracted as de
-
scribed in paragraph 27. The habitual habit of
drinking preparations of the drugs is, as far as I
have been able to ascertain, very rare among all
classes. The occasional use of it on festivals and
during the hot season sometimes develops into the
habitual habit. Those who use bhang habitually
and take good food are usually stout. Bhang
-
drinkers are said to he great eaters.
49. The moderate use of ganja is practised as an
aphrodisiac and is prescribed as such by native
quacks. It is also applied externally for the same
purpose. I know that some prostitutes in Bombay
smoke ganja and charas. They usually being to
the Mhar and Dhed castes from the Deccan
and Carnatic. I am unable to say whether they
use it as an aphrodisiac. I am unable to say
whether these drugs when used as an aphrodisiac
are more injurious than their use as an ordinary
narcotic.
50. The excessive use of ganja or charas pro
-
duces impotency. This fact is admitted by exces-
s i v e c o n s u m e r s .
5 1 . B a d c h a r a c t e r s i n t h e s e p a r t s d o n o t u s e t h e
drug. I have been nearly four years in Guzerat,
and to the best of my recollection, I have never
seen a consumer of the drug concerned in any
criminal case. In Bombay people are often found
in the streets incapable of taking care of them
-
selves when under the influence of these drugs,
but they do not belong to the class of habitual
criminals.
52. I have never seen an habitual criminal who
was an excessive consumer of these drugs in any
form.
53. As far as I am aware, the excessive use of
these drugs does not incite to unpremeditated crime.
I h a v e s e e n a f e w c a s e s i n B o m b a y i n w h i c h
people have been very violent when under the
influence of these drugs. I never made it my
business to ascertain whether they were habitual
excessive consumers or moderate consumers, but
judging from the effects invariably produced by
the habitual excessive and moderate use of these
drugs, I am inclined to think that they were
occasional consumers. I am not aware of any
case in which the use of any of these drugs has
led to temporary homicidal frenzy. It often.
happens that a novice becomes violent when he first
uses the drug, but it eventually overpowers him.
54. I know of no case in which criminals have
fortified themselves by the use of these drugs to
commit premeditated acts of violence or other
crimes. It is quite possible that they may be
used for such a purpose, as habitual moderate con-
s u m e r s w h o m I h a v e e x a m i n e d s a y t h a t t h e y c a n
always get through their work with more energy
when they have taken their usual quantity than
without it. They also say that it gives them cour-
age in dangerous undertakings, from which I infer
that if an act of violence were premeditated, these
drugs would act as an incentive to its commission.
55. I know of no case in which criminals have
administered these drugs to their victims. Dhatu-
r a , a n d n o t t h e s e d r u g s , i s u s u a l l y u s e d b y
criminals to stupefy their victims. In the case of
occasional moderate consumers and non-consumers
complete stupefaction can be induced by these
drugs, which lasts for many hours.
56. As far as I have been able to gather, tobacco
is mixed with ganja to make it inflammable.
B e f o r e g a n j a i s s m o k e d i t h a s t o b e w a s h e d , a n d
it is put into the pipe damp. Smokers also say
that gooraku is also smoked with it for the same
purpose, and that the effects of either ganja or
charas are in no way modified by either tobacco or
gooraku. The effects of the infusion for drink
-
ing are said to be in no way modified by the ad
-
mixtures referred to in paragraph 29. They are
said to merely make it palatable. I know of no
admixture of dhatura for personal consumption or
for administration to others. The oil of dhatura
is mixed with ganja for external application, see
paragraph 40.
57. Charas is never eaten here. Ganja is some
-
times eaten by fakirs and sadhus when they are
unable to procure fire. Its narcotic properties
when eaten are said to be stronger than when
smoked or drunk, and that the effects last longer.
For the effects of bhang, see paragraph 41.
58. I do consider that the system of Excise
Administration in respect of hemp drugs in this
State is capable of improvement.
59. There are in all three licensed venders of
these drugs in this State—one in the city of Cam
-
bay, and two in different villages. The licenses
to deal in these drugs are sold by auction to the
highest bidders,
but beyond this there is