NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
TABLE I—cont.
Serial
num-
ber.
Case
num-
ber.
Medical Officer.
Disease.
Vaccine made.
Result.
21
107
. . . Vesicular eruption . . .
Staphylococcus aureus.
Not known.
22
110 The Medical Officer, Station Hospital,
St. Thomas Mount.
Boils . . .
Do.
Cured.
23
113 Major C. A. F. Hingston, I.M.S., Eg-
more.
Do. . . .
Do.
Do.
24
114 The Medical Officer, Station Hospital,
St. Thomas Mount.
Do. . . .
Do.
Do.
Eczema, Pemphigus and skin eruptions.— There were 11 cases of pemphigoid skin eruptions,
every one of which was streptococcal. In two of these a stock pemphigus streptococcus
vaccine was used with completely curative results and so the autogenous vaccines were not
used. There were 8 cases of staphylococcal eczema in this class, but the results of autogenous
vaccine treatment in these cases were not satisfactory. It was either because the organisms
were not the causative ones or else the skin eruption was the result of a general constitutional
condition.
TABLE II.
Eczema, pemphigus, and skin eruptions.
Serial
num-
ber.
Case
num-
ber.
Medical Officer.
Disease.
Vaccine made.
Result.
1
9
. . .
Pemphigoid erup-
tion.
Streptococcus . . . Much improv
-ed.
2
15 The Second Surgeon, General Hospital,
Madras.
Do. . . . Cured.
Do.
3
29
. . .
Pemphigus . . .
Do. . . . Not given a
fair trial.
4
36
The Medical Officer, Station Hospital,
Madras.
Pemphigoid erup-
tion.
Do. . . . Not used.
Cured by
stock vac
-cine.
5
37
Do.
do.
D o .
Do. . . .
Do.
6
38
The Medical Officer, Jubilee Hospital,
B e r h a m p o r e .
Eczema . . .
Staphylococcus . . . Temporary
improve
-ment.
7
44 The Medical Officer, Municipal Hos-
pital, Kodaikanal.
Pemphigus . . .
Streptococcus . . . Much improv
-ed.
8
45
The Second Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Pemphigoid eruption.
Do.
Not known.
9
62
The Resident Medical Officer, General
Hospital, Madras.
Eczematous eruption
Ion thigh.
Staphylococcus albus. Not used.
10
75 The District Medical and Sanitary
Officer, Berhampore.
Eczema . . . Staphylococcus
aureus.
Doubtful.
11
76
Do.
do.
Do. . . .
Do.
Do.
12
92 The Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum,
Madras.
Pemphigus . . . Streptococcus . . .
Cured.
13
94 The Officer Commanding, Station
Hospital, St. Thomas Mount.
Ulcers . . . Staphylococcus . . .
Cured along
with local
treatment.
14
101
Major F. F. Elwes, C.I.E.,
I.M.S.,
Egmore.
Pemphigoid eruption. Streptococcus and
Staphylococcus
aureus.
Cured.
15
103 The Officer Commanding, Station Hos-
pital, St. Thomas Mount.
Chronic Pemphigoid
eruption.
Streptococcus . . .
Considerably
improved.
16
109 The Civil Surgeon, Chatrapur . . . Eczema . . . Staphylococcus
aureus.
Not known.
17
116 The Medical Officer, Municipal Hospi
-tal, Tuticorin.
Do. . . .
D o .
Cured.
18
128
Major A. Chalmers, I,M.S., General
Hospital, Madras.
Sycosis . . .
Staphylococcus
albus.
Under treat
-
ment.
19
129
. . .
Pemphigus . . . Streptococcus . . .
Cured.
Abscesses, Carbuncles and Cellulitis. —These were mostly staphylococcal, a streptococcus
having been found in combination with the staphylococcus in one case of carbuncle and alone
in one of mammary abscess.
9
TABLE III.
Abscesses, carbuncles and cellulitis.
Serial
num
-ber.
Case
num-
ber.
Medical Officer.
Disease.
Vaccine made.
Result.
1
1 The District Medical and Sanitary
Officer, Chittoor. . . .
Necrotic abscess . . . Staphylococcus
aureus.
No effect.
2
10
. . .
Abscess . . .
Staphylococcus
albus.
Cured.
3
17 The District Medical and Sanitary
Officer, Coimbatore.
Carbuncle . . .
Streptococcus and
staphylococcus.
Not used.
4
49 Miss M. Alexander, M.A., M.D., Tondiar
-pet.
Mammary abscess . . .
Streptococcus . . .
Cured.
5
66 Miss M. McNeil, Tondiarpet . . .
Carbuncle . . .
Staphylococcus
aureus.
Do.
6
85 The District Medical and Sanitary
Officer, Vizagapatam.
Do. . . .
Do.
Not used.
7
102 Dr. Muhammad Hussain, B.A., M.B.
C.M., Gulbarga.
Do. . . .
Do.
No effect.
8
120 The District Medical and Sanitary
Officer, Coimbatore.
Do. . . .
Do.
Not used.
9
124 Acting District Medical and Sanitary
Officer, Trichinopoly.
Diabetic abscess . . .
Do.
Improved.
10
127
Do. do.
Cellulitis leg . . .
Streptococcus . . .
Not given a
fair trial.
Acne .—The acne bacillus was isolated in 3 out of the 5 cases treated, either alone or in
association with staphylococcus albus. In the other two in spite of repeated attempts the
staphylococcus albus alone could be isolated. The aggregate result of treatment could not be
said to be satisfactory. The cases showed decided improvement after a few doses, but in
spite of prolonged immunization with comparatively high doses a complete cure could not in
any case be effected.
TABLE IV.
Acne.
Serial
num-
ber.
Case
num-
ber.
Medical Officer.
Disease.
Vaccine.
Result.
1
8
. . .
Acne . . .
Staphylococcus albus. Not used.
2
12 The Resident Medical Officer, General
Hospital, Madras.
Do. . . .
Staphylococcus albus
(and stock acne).
Almost
cured.
3
27 . . .
Do. . . .
Acne bacillus and
staphylococcus
albus.
Improved.
4
28 Major R. Bryson, I.M.S., Royapuram . . . Do. . . .
Acne bacillus . . . Not used.
5
118 Dr. Wheeler, Podanur . . . Do. . . .
Acne bacillus and
staphylococcus
albus.
Improving.
Pyorrhoea Alveolaris .—The streptococcus brevis was present in all the cases treated, the
Micrococcus Paratetragenus having been found to co-exist with it in one case. Anaerobic
cultivations from the pus were made in a few cases both on ordinary and on serum media but
no other organism could be isolated, though microscopical preparations from the pus revealed
a variety of organisms including bacilli, spirilla, etc. Two cases were reported as cured, 2
as improved and 2 were unsuccessful. In the remaining 8 cases the vaccines were not given
a trial or the results were not reported.
Case 91.—Pyorrhoea Alveolaris in a youth of 19 years, with shaky and stunted teeth and
spongy gums. The disease was of over 7 years' standing and had resisted all ordinary
treatment. Only 5 injections of autogenous streptococcus vaccine, 10 to 50 million, were
given in this case with the result that "the patient is all right and is radically cured of the
disease. The gums have become healthy."
12
TABLE VII.
Asthma, Bronchitis and Lung affections.
Serial
num-
ber.
Case
num-
ber.
Medical Officer.
Disease.
Vaccine.
Result.
1
4
......
Pneumonia ...
Pneumococcus and
M. Paratetragenus.
Not used.
2
5 The Fourth Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Bronchitis ...
... Streptococcus
... No effect.
3
6
Do.
do.
Do.
...
... Pneumococcus
...
Do.
4
7 The Superintendent,
Government
Maternity Hospital, Madras.
Chronic bronchitis ... Pneumococcus and
streptococcus.
Not used.
5
14 The Fourth Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Do.
... Pneumococcus
... No effect.
6
18
......
Chronic asthma ... Pneumococcus,
streptococcus and
B. Influenzæ.
Considerably
improved.
7
22 Sub-Assistant Surgeon A. Perumal
Nayudu, Vepery.
Pulmonary
tuber-
culosis.
Streptococcus
and
pneumococcus.
Do.
8
30 The Fourth Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Chronic bronchitis ... M. Paratetragenus ... Not used.
9
34
Do.
do.
Chronic asthma .. B. Influenzæ
.. No effect.
10
46 The Third Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Chronic bronchitis ... Streptococcus
... Not known.
11
47 The Second Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Asthma
...
... Pneumococcus and
streptococcus.
No effect.
12
53 The Fourth Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Relapsing bronchitis. Pneumococcus and
M. Catarrhalis.
Not known.
13
57 The Second Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Asthma
...
... Pneumococcus and
B. Influenzæ.
Do.
14
60 The
Superintendent,
Royapettah
Hospital, Madras.
Do.
...
... Pneumococcus
... Not used.
15
69 Major F. F. Elwes, C.I.E., I.M.S.,
Egmore.
Chronic bronchitis ... Pnenmococcus and
M. Catarrhalis.
Not known.
16
72 The Second Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Bronchitis ...
... Pneumococcus and
streptococcus brevis.
Not used.
17
80
......
Recurring pharyngeal
and
bronchial
catarrh.
B. Influenzæ
... Almost cured.
18
81 The First Physician, General Hospital,
Madras.
Chronic asthma ... Pneumococcus
... Not known.
19
83 The Fourth Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Pleurisy
...
.. Staphylococcus
...
Do.
20
87
Do.
do.
Acute bronchitis ... Pneumococcus
... No effect.
21
93 The Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum,
Madras.
Chronic asthma ...
Do.
... Improved.
22 100
Do.
do.
Do.
Do.
... No effect.
23 106 Dr. K. D. Mugaseth, Calicut ...
... Bronchitis ...
...
Do.
... Cured.
24 108 The Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum,
Madras.
Tuberculosis of lungs. Streptococcus brevis. Considerably
improved.
25 111 The Second Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Asthma
...
... Pneumococcus
... No effect.
26 112 The Fourth Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Chronic bronchitis
with fibrosis of lung.
Streptococcus brevis. Not used.
27 117 The Second Physician, General Hos-
pital, Madras.
Asthma
...
... Pneumococcus
... Doubtful.
28 121 The Medical Officer, Municipal Hos-
pital, Tuticorin.
Chronic bronchitis ... M. Catarrhalis
... Improving.
29 125 The Surgeon, First District, Madras ... Acute pneumonia ... Pneumococcus
Not used.
16
relieved. Side by side with the tuberculin treated series, one of eleven pulmonary cases was
treated without tuberculin, of which one was relieved, nine died and one was discharged other-
wise, none having been cured. Though from the records of these cases one could not with
fairness say that the two sets of cases, namely those treated with and those without tuberculin,
were strictly comparable with each other, the latter class including some advanced cases where
recovery was out of question, it was quite apparent that tuberculin was of decided value as
a curative, aiding in a considerable degree the action of drugs, and of dietitic and hygenic
measures. It Must be stated however that under the term 'cured ' are included cases where
the patients had recovered from the clinical symptoms of the disease and were discharged as
fit for ordinary avocations, MI these cases could not possibly be pathologically free from
tubercular foci but there was no active trouble in the affected organs and no local or
constitutional symptoms which could be directly attributed to the disease. The following
table gives a synopsis of the results of tuberculin treatment in a number of tubercular
conditions dealt with by different medical officers with the material supplied from the
Institute.
TABLE XIII.
Showing the results of tuberculin treatment awing the year 1915.
Seat of Infection.
Number of
cases cored
Number of
cases relieved.
Number of
cases
unaffected.
Total.
Tuberculosis of the lungs . . .
15
12
11
38
Tuberculosis of lymphatic glands . . .
14
6
. . .
20
Tuberculosis of bones and joints . . .
1
4
1
6
Tubercular sinuses and fistulæ . . .
2
. . .
. . .
2
Tubercular cystitis . . .
. . . .
1
. . .
1
Tubercular keratitis . . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
2
Tubercular ulcers . . .
. . .
. . .
2
2
Total . . .
32
25
14
71
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF MADRAS GOVERNMENT
PUBLICATIONS.
IN INDIA
A.C. BARRAUD & Co. (Late A. J. COMBRIDGE & Co.), Madras.
R. CAMBRAY & Co., Calcutta.
E. M. GOPALAKRISHNA KONE, PUDUMANTAPAM, Madura.
HIGGIN BOTHAMS (Ltd.), Mount Road, Madras.
V. KALYANARAMA IYER & Co., Esplanade, Madras.
G. C. LOGANADHAM BROTHERS, Madras.
S. MURTHY & Co., Madras.
G.A. NATESAN & Co., Madras.
The Superintendent, NAZAIR KANUN HIND PRESS, Allahabad.
P. R. RAMA IYER & Co., Madras.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA SONS & Co., Bombay.
THACKER & Co. (Ltd.), Bombay.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta.
S. VAS & Co., Madras.
S. P. C. K. PRESS, Vepery, Madras, N.C.
IN ENGLAND.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 and 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street, Lercester Square, London W.C.
DEIGHTON, BELL & Co. (Ltd.), Cambridge.
T. FISHER UNWIN (Ltd.), 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W.C.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street, London, S. W.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co. (Ltd.), 68-74, Carter Lane, London, E.C.
and 25, Museum Street, London, W.C.
HENRY S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhilll, London, E.C.
P. S. KING & SON, 2 and 4, Great Smith Street, Westminister, London, S.W.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, London, W.C.
B. QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London, W.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane. London, E.C.
ON THE CONTINENT.
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, THE Hague, Holland.
I P / 2 5 / K Z . 3
I . P .
REPORT ON THE
WORKING OF THE MICRO-BIOLOGICAL SECTION
OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY,
FOR THE YEAR 1916.
( WITH APPENDICES.)
MADRAS: PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1917.
PRICE, 8 annas.]
[2 shillings 3 pence.
REPORT
ON THE
WORKING OF THE MICRO-BIOLOGICAL SECTION
OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY,
FOR THE YEAR 1916.
(WITH APPENDICES.)
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1917.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
Report on the working of the Micro-Biological Section by Dr. F. Maitland Gibson,
M.B., B.SC., Director
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
. . .
1
APPENDIX I.—Notes on Vaccine Therapy by Civil Assistant Surgeon M Kesava Pai,
M . D .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
10
APPENDIX II.—A Note on Noguchi's Modification of the Wassermann Test by Civil
Assistant Surgeon T. Sitapati Ayyar, L.M. & s. ...
... ...
...
...
. . .
20
REPORT ON THE WORK CARRIED OUT IN THE MICRO-BIOLOGICAL
SECTION OF THE KING INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE, GUINDY, FOR THE YEAR 1916.
Up till the 11th October there were no changes in the staff. On that date the
Director went on privilege leave and Major Justice, I.M.S., Sanitary Commissioner
for Madras, assumed charge of the Institute. On the 22nd December the Director
returned from leave and was in charge for the remainder of the year.
Water analysis .—As in the immediately preceding years, but with the excep
-tion of analyses carried out for the Pudukk ōttai Darbar, no quarterly or half-yearly
routine analyses were carried out, but a very large number of samples were
examined in connection with (1) the experimental filters at Guindy, (2) the Madras
Corporation filters at Kilpauk, and (3) proposed or extended water-works in the
mufassal.
The Guindy experimental filters .—The three mechanical filters were worked
in comparison on various dates between the 2nd August and 22nd October 1916.
Previously to the former date a large number of experiments were carried out, but,
on an examination of the results obtained, it was found that there was a serious
want of comparability in them, because, the supply pipes to the filters had been
constructed of such small size that the filters could only be tested in pairs with a
full flow. Designating the three filters by the letters A, B and C, A could be
tested against B, B against C and C against A. Each filter, therefore, has to be
tested twice but even then the comparability is not good since the composition of
the raw water varies within wide limits and it cannot be maintained that the
conditions, when A and B are being tested, would be identical with those when A
and C were under test. An alteration in the supply pipes is therefore called for
so that all three filters can be tested under identical conditions. This would at
once halve the number of analyses required to make a comparative series, and is
eminently more thorough in comparison. As it was all full flow, experiments had
to be done in pairs. The experiments were conducted on two lines. Firstly, to
ascertain whether with the addition of the quantity of alum specified by the
manufacturers, viz., 1½ grains per gallon, the yield of 100 gallons per square foot
per hour could be obtained. This was found not to be the case. Whether the
maximum flow was attained by a progressive rise from 20, 30 and so on, gallons
per square foot per hour or was tried from the start, no perceptible improvement
was got when that maximum was 100 or 75 gallons per square foot per hour.
Noticeable improvement was got with the Mather and Platt filter when the maxi
-mum was 50 gallons per square foot per hour, but none with the Jewell or with
the Patterson filters. It did not seem desirable to carry out any farther experi
-ments with such a greatly reduced yield. Secondly, it was tried whether an
3
TABLE I.
A comparative study of the covered and open filters during the latter half of the year
1915-16.
Number
of experiments.
P e r i o d .
N u m b e r o f d a y s t h e f i l t e r w o r k e d .
N u m b e r o f s a m p l e s a n a l y s e d .
N u m b e r o f s a m p l e s t h a t g a v e 1 0 , 0 0 0 f o l d r e d u c - t i o n i n t h e l a c t o s e f e r m e n t e r s .
P e r c e n t a g e .
R a t e o f f l o w i n g a l l o n s p e r s q u a r e y a r d p e r d a y .
Remarks.
I
Open
... 28th July 1915 to 7th Septem-
ber 1915.
41
24
14
58
300 to 450
Covered ... 28th July 1915 to 4th October
1915.
68
36
24
69
300 to 450
II
Open
... 12th October 1915 to 6th
December 1915.
55
29
20 69
300 to 400
Covered ... 12th October 1915 to 27th
January 1916.
107
53
41
77
300 to 750
III
Open
... 17th February 1916 to 21st
April 1916.
64
32
8
25
300 to 450
Covered ... 17th February 1916 to 20th
April 1916.
63
32
29
90
300 to 600
IV
Open
... 29th April 1916 to 24th May
1916.
25
9
0 Nil.
300
Stopped
before
clogging.
Covered ... 29th April 1916 to 30th May
1916.
31
14
6
43
300
D o .
V
Open
... 6th June 1916 to 27th July
1916.
51
15
0 Nil.
300 to 450
Covered
6th June 1916 to 17th August
1916.
72
15
6
40
300 to 450
VI
Open
...
30th August 1916 to 13th
October 1916.
44
17
4
23
300
Open.—Removing
old sand, washing
and
relaying
over one foot of
fresh
washed
sand.
Covered ... 30th August 1916 to 14th
December 1916.
106
42
16
38
300 to 450 The covered filter
was worked to a
filtering head of
36 inches.
VII Open
... 8th November 1916 to 8th
January 1917.
61
25
12
48
300
8 0 0 g a l s . = 2 . 6 v e r t i c a l i n c h e s p e r h o u r .
350 " = 3.1
"
400 "= 3.5 "
450 " =4 "
500 " = 4.4
"
550 " = 4.8
"
650 " = 5.7
"
750 " = 6.6
"
Table I gives the results obtained and it will at once be seen that the covered
filter in every way is remarkably more efficient than the uncovered one. Thus as
regards length of time between cleaning twice over, the covered filter ran for
over 100 days, the corresponding figures for the uncovered filter being 55 and 44
days, but the uncovered filter has run as long as 61 days though on that occasion
no comparison with the covered filter was carried out. Not only did the covered
filter run longer, but the percentage of good results obtained with it was nearly
double that of the uncovered filter. A 10,000 fold reduction of the lactose
fermenters was taken as the criterion between a good result and a less satisfactory
one. On an average taken over the whole series of comparisons, the covered filter
showed 60.7 per cent of such results, whereas the uncovered filter only attained to
5
TABLE III.
Number.
Description of specimens.
Number of
positive
results.
Number of
negative
results.
Total.
Remarks.
1
Plague, human . . .
83
104
187
Peripheral blood . . . 23
Putrefactive organisms . . . 8
2
Do. animal . . .
75
155
230
Putrefactive organisms . . . 26
3
Blood for enteric reaction . . .
369
216
585
(i) 243 positive (1 in 96); this includes
50 whose reaction (1 in 96)
was incomplete.
(ii) 126 positive (1 in 32) but negative
(1 in 96).
4
Do. paratyphoid A. . . .
1
182
183
One positive (1 in 32) but negative
(1 in 96).
5
Do. paratyphoid B . . .
17
165
182
Seventeen positive (1 in 32) but
negative (1 in 96).
6
Do. micrococcus meliten-
sis reaction.
. . .
2
2
7
Do. Wassermann reaction.
333
184
517
8
Do. malarial parasites . . .
79
286
365
9
Do. kala-azar . . .
. . .
2
2
10
Do. filaria . . .
. . .
2
2
1 1
Do. leucocytosis . . .
1
4
5
12
Do. piroplasma . . .
. . .
6
6
13
Do. differential count . . .
. . .
. . .
5
14
Sputum and pus smears for
tubercle bacilli.
5
43
48
15
Specimens for lepra bacilli . . .
2
4
6
16
Discharge for gonococci . . .
14
* 11
25
* Includes seven indefinite
17
Cholera (stools) . . .
. . .
. . .
1
18
Blood for isolation of B. Typho-
sus in taurocholate water
medium.
2
4
6
19
Isolation of typhoid bacillus
from stools and urine.
1
47
48
20
Diphtheria . . .
1
† 19
1
† Includes one indefinite.
21
Stools for ova and amœbæ . . .
1
14
15
22
Urine for chemical and micros-
copical examination.
. . .
. . .
15
23
Specimens for
spirochætes
(smears).
. . .
3
3
24
Specimens for
spirochætes
(fœtuses).
5
19
24
25
Catgut, water, etc., for steri-
lity.
. . .
. . .
4
26
Water for cholera-like vibrios . . .
3
4
7
27
Water samples for chemical
analyses.
. . .
. . .
321
28
Water samples for bacterio-
logical examination.
. . .
. . .
1,360
This includes 685 samples from experi -
mental filters at Guindy and 625
samples from Madras Corporation
filter beds at kilpauk, Madras.
29
Miscellaneous . . .
. . .
. . .
31
Total . . .
992
1,476
4,205
Plague.—Human specimens for the diagnosis of plague show a rise of 54 per
cent as compared with the previous year, so the number was approximate to
that in 1914, but the percentage of positive finds stays at the high figure of 44.
The number of useless specimens of peripheral blood sent for this examination
continues to be high, 12 per cent.
Animal specimens for plague diagnosis are much the same but the positive
finds are only 32.6 per cent as compared to 45 per cent in 1915.
Widal's reaction.—There was a drop of nearly 200 in the number of specimens
sent for this examination, but the percentage of positive reactions was high, viz.,
63 per cent. Of these 41.5 per cent were positive in a dilution of 1 in 96 and 21.5
per cent were positive in a dilution of 1 in 32 and failed to react at dilution 1 in 96.
Only one of 183 in which an examination for Paratyphoid A was asked gave
a positive result in the lower dilution of 1 in 32.
2
7
TABLE IV— cont.
N u m b e r .
Date of
despatch.
Number
of
preg-
nancy.
History of former
pregnancies.
Notes of
fætus.
Remarks.
Result of
examination.
1915.
4
2nd Dec. . . . Second. Natural . . . Macerated . . .
. . .
No spirochætes could
be found.
5 13th Dec. . . . Ninth.
First forceps in Burma,
rest natural.
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
6 15th Dec. . . . Second. Natural . . .
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
7 18th Dec. . . . Fourth. All natural, alive
D o . . . .
. . .
Spirochætes present
in large numbers.
1916.
8 11th Jan. . . . Eighth. Four natural, one died ten
days after birth ; seventh
still-born.
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
9 14th Feb. . . . Fifth . . . First and second natural,
full term ; third and
fourth miscarriage at
seventh and eighth
months.
Do. . . .
. . .
No spirochætes could
be found.
Do.
10
7th March . . . Second. First premature . . .
Do. . . .
. . .
11 10th " . . . First . . .
. . .
Do.
. . .
Do.
12 14th " . . . Do. . . .
. . .
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
13
8th May . . . Do. . . .
. . .
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
14 15th " . . . Fifth . . . Natural . . .
Do.
. . .
Spirochætes present
in large numbers.
15 15th " . . . Fourth. First natural, second
abortion, third pre -
mature.
Do. . . .
. . .
D o .
16
8th June . . . First . . . Complex with valvular
disease of the heart.
Do. . . .
. . . No spirochætes could
be found.
17 12th " . . . Second. Natural . . .
Do. . . . . . .
. . .
Do.
18
5th July . . . Third.
Both natural, at home . . .
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
19 11th " . . . Fourth. All natural . . .
D o . . . .
. . .
Do.
20 19th " . . . Second. First natural, at home . . .
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
21 21st " . . . Third . . . Both natural at home ;
both children were still
-born.
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
22 24th " . . . Eighth. All natural at this
hospital.
Do. . . .
. . .
Do.
23 14th Aug. . . . Fifth . . . All natural . . .
D o . . . .
. . .
Do.
24 24th Sept. . . . Second. First natural, at home . . .
Do. . . . . . .
Spirochætes present
in large numbers.
Water for Cholera-like vibrios .—This examination was not called for to any
extent. It was practically confined to the Chingleput district where cholera was
not so rife as in 1915.
Barker's Stovaine solution for Spinal Anæsthesia sterilized in ordinary glass
ampoules from which the superficial alkali had been washed off by a preliminary
sterilization with dilute hydrochloric acid was issued as before and continued to
give great satisfaction.
TABLE V .
Number of doses sent out.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
Autogenous vaccines . . .
1,396
1,151
773
854
Stock vaccines . . .
5,691
5,830
6,285
12,723
Total . . .
7,087
6,981
7,058
13,577
Vaccine Prophylaæis and Therapy.— The large increase in the number of doses
of bacterial vaccines issued was largely due to the Military authorities who required