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sake of its supposed staying-power, before and
after a long journey.
41. It is not beneficial under the 1st, 2nd and
4th headings. As regards the 3rd, these drugs are
not used here either as a febrifuge or preventive of
disease.
42. The use of any of these drugs is not harm-
less, as witness the worn-out, listless appearance of
consumers, the wasted form and want of sufficient
energy to carry out the ordinary duties of life, and
defective will power.
44. In the moderate habitual consumer ganja
and bhang are refreshing at first, then intoxicat-
ing to some extent. No appetite is created.
The effect lasts for about an hour or two. The
want of subsequent gratification does produce
longing and uneasiness. It does allay hunger.
45. Charas is not used here. Ganja and bhang
do produce noxious effects on body, mind and
morals. The constitution gets soon broken down.
Digestion and appetite are impaired. Chronic
bronchitis is caused by ganja smoking. I have
not seen dysentery or asthma result from ganj a
or bhang. To some extent the moral sense is
impaired and lazy habits and immorality follow.
The intellect is deadened, but insanity is not
produced usually. The disposition of the consumer
is changed. He is irritable and fretful, readily
gets into a passion, and is quick to resent an offence,
imaginary or real. A temporary fit of acute mania
may occur resulting from a single excessive
indulgence of the drug (ganja or bhang) as the
exciting cause ; but he quickly recovers.
46. Physical mental and moral degeneration is
intensified, and insanity is a frequent conse-
quence. The insanity takes the form of acute
mania with a homicidal tendency and terminating
in permanent dementia.
47. No, the habit is not hereditary, nor are the
children of the moderate consumers affected in any
way.
48. In this case also there appears to be no
hereditary habit, but the children are weakly in
mind and body.
49. Charas is not used here. Ganja and bhang
are sometimes used with this intention, but the
result is disappointing. It is not so used by
prostitutes. The use of these two drugs when
used for their supposed aphrodisiac power is not
more injurious than their use as an ordinary
narcotic. The use of hemp does tend to produce
impotence. The sadhus, who are inveterate hemp
consumers, are more or less all impotent.
50. The excessive consumers of ganja and bhang
never think of using them as aphrodisiacs. They
very soon come to find that they are impo-
tent.
56. The admixture of tobacco and the condi-
ments mentioned in paragraph 29 do not seem to
modify the effects of hemp ; but the admixture of
such powerful drugs as dhatura, opium, nux-
vomica and aconite intensify the intoxicating effect
of hemp, and render the mixture a most dangerous
one to use, and indeed fatal cases have occurred
where this compound had been ignorantly self-
administered under the impression of its being a
powerful tonic and vitalizer.
57. Charas is not used here. Ganja is drunk
mixed with black pepper and water in place of the
leaves of the hemp (bhang) by those who desire a
more powerful narcotic. Such consumers are more
liable to become insane than the excessive bhang
drinkers.
26. Evidence of MR. DINNER NARAYEN, District Superintendent of Vaccination,
Buldana.
1.
1 My information in connection with hemp
drug is based on the physical condition of such
persons as have been in the habit of either drinking
bhang or smoking ganja for the past twenty years,
since which time I have known them.
2. There is only one variety of ganja, namely flat,
which is used in the province. Flat ganja is prepared
by being trodden under foot when it is fresh.
Round ganja is not prepared in the province, nor is
charas known to the people, who therefore do not
import them. Hence no information regarding the
round ganja and charas is given in any of the
answers below. The definition ' fiat ganja' is
accepted in the province, and the term is locally
known.
19. Ganja is used generally for smoking, and it
is used everywhere in the province. It is some-
times used in eatables, either sweet or salt, on festi-
vities and on fasting days.
23. Bhang is never used in smoking.
28. The habitual moderate consumers require
one tola of ganja for smoking every day, and if
they use bhang instead of ganja, they require a
quarter tola of it. The habitual excessive con-
sumers require three tolas of ganja or one tola of
bhang for smoking or drinking per day. The cost
of the drug in the case of moderate consumers is
half anna, and in the case of excessive consumers it
is one-and-a-half anna per day. The cost of the
bhang is very trifling— a pie or two the most.
29. (a) Tobacco is ordinarily mixed with ganja
for smoking.
(b) Persons who have better means exceptionally
mix cloves, saffron, powdered sandal, nutmeg. In
the ease of bairagis and fakirs, who have given
up the enjoyments of the world, and who pass
life in solitude, dhatura, opium, nux-vomica,
cantharides or betel-nut are mixed with the ganja to
increase intoxication. Bad characters use the above
drugs with ganja or bhang to cheat people, on
whom they administer the preparation.
Bhang massala is not sold as a speciality in the
province. It is, however obtainable in shops. Its
ingredients are pepper, aniseed, dried rose buds, cu-
cumber seeds, kachani, almond seeds, cardamoms,
saffron, nutmeg, sugar and milk. These are used
by those whose means are better. In the case of
the poor only the pepper is used in bhang.
30. The consumption of these drugs is practised
partly in solitude and mostly in company, but
it is very limited. The drug is mainly used by male
sex, and in a few cases it is used by very low pros-
titutes. It is, however, never used by children.
31. The habit of consuming the drug is easily
formed, and it is difficult to give it up. There is a
tendency in the ease of a moderate habit to develop
into excessive use.
32. In lower classes young persons sometimes
use it in food on marriage feasts with a view to
make their relatives insensible for a time. In