NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
47
MADRAS.
WATER SAMPLES TAKEN-16TH AND 17Tu APRIL 1912.
REMARKS—Both Sholavaram and Maclean's channels were dry when samples were taken. They
supply is constant. There was no rain since last analysis.
Bacteriolog gea1 Analysis.
,AMPLE I.— SAMPLE FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE 'RED HILLS
LAKE.
A4
Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37° C.-350.
a)
cc
ai
0
C3 ai
cri
Name of Bacilli.
Group and
Remarks.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
S
z CS CS
H
O
0
H b13.10
7)7
1z, O
1 tube of 20 cc.
2 tubes of 10 cc.
3
If
5' cc.
3
ft
1 ce.
3
ff
•1 cc.
3
'01 cc.
•6•
•••
GOO
•••
•••
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
No lactose fermenters.
Faecal bacilli not present in 60 cc.
No• vibrios in 100 cc.
SAMPLE IL—FROM THE SURFACE OF THE RED HILLS LAKE.
Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37° C.--172.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
1 tube of 20 cc.
2 tubes of 10 cc.
3
,,
5 cc.
3
ff
1 ce.
3
2,
•1 co
3
•01 cc.
•••
.•.
•••
••.
•.•
•••
•••
...
...
.••
.••
No lactose fermenters.
j
•.•
••.
604
1
2
3
3
3
3
Faecal bacilli not present in 60 cc.
No vibrios in 100 cc.
AMPLE III.—A TAP IN A LANE WHICH LEADS TO KOTAVAL
MARKET IN THE MIDDLE OF VARADA MUTIAPPAN STREET.
1 -t- + --' -/- — — — — IV B. Gasoformans
... Group I, 1.
+
2
+ — 4: — — — — IV
Do.
•••
,,
II, nit .
Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37° C.-1,500.
3 + + — + — — — — IV
Do.
III, nit.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
—
4 +
5 +
+
—
—
—
+
+
—
—
—
—
—
+
—
—
IV
I
Do.
13. Acidi lactici.
...
,,
IV, 9.
6 + + — + — — — — IV B. Gasoformans.
1 tube of 20 cc.
•••
•••
."
•••
1
...
7 + + — + — — — — IV
Do.
2 tubes of 10 cc.
•••
•••
•••
0•4
2
•••
8+ + — + — — — — IV
Do.
•.. Class
I, nil
3
5 cc.
""••
—
—
3
...
9 + + — + — — —
— I —
— IV
Do.
II, 10.
3
,,
1 cc.
•••
.• •
...
•••
3
10 + + — + —
— IV
Do.
...
„
III, nit
3
95
'1 cc.
...
...
...
...
•••
3
3
„
01 cc.
...
,..
...
..
•••
3
Faecal bacilli in 5 cc. and upwards.
No vibrios in 100 cc.
,
..,
m
;AMPLE I V .—IAP NEAR SAIDAPET TOLL-GATE.
1 + + — — — — ÷ -- IV B. Coscoroba
... Group I, nil.
Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37° C.—Cannot be counted.
2 + + — — — — + — IV
Do.
...
„
II, nil,
3 +
- - --+ — IV
Do.
...
„
III, nil.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
—
1
5
+
+ +
-
—
-
—
--+—
— — + —
IV
IV
Do.
Do.
IV, 10.
6 +
- - --+— Iy
Do.
1 tube of 20 cc.
•••
•••
•••
**
2 tubes of 10 cc.
•••
•••
•••
•••
1
1
...
1
7
8
+ +
+ +
—
— —
— +
— — 4-
—
—
IV
IV
Do.
,
Do.
... Class
I, nil.
3
7)
5 cc.
•••
•••
•••
•••
2
1
9 + +. — — — — + — IV
Do.
II, 9.
3
),
1 cc.
•• •
••4
•••
• 04
1
2
10 +
- - --—— IV B. III
...
...
„
III, nil.
3
,,
.1 cc.
•••
•• •
•••
•••
1
2
Undetermined
3
„
• 01 cc.
•••
••.
...
...
fceoal bacilli in 5 cc. and upwards.
—
3
1.
No vibrios in 100 cc. c.
a)
13
48
REPORT.
The water of the Red Hills Lake was in very good order on this occasion and it is gratify-
ing to note that this condition seems characteristic of the season. Last year in April it was
equally good and in 1910 though not quite so good was in fair order. These results indicate
what a very valuable means of purification simple storage is, as the conservation of the gathering
grounds is far from ideal and when water is running into the lake the quality is often not at
all good. The only objectionable feature in the lake water is the high amount of organic matter
showing the exceedingly low carbon-nitrogen ratio of three to one. The water as distributed
is not nearly so good and the results got with sample III seem to point to an accumulation of silt
in that section of the pipe. At Saidapet toll-gate the water is better again, though not nearly so
pure as the lake water.
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE II.
SAMPLE IV.
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Slightly yellowish
and hazy.
Slightly yellowish
but clear.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids
...
...
...
...
...
Parts per 100,000 ...
26.400
26.000
Temporary hardness ...
...
...
Do.
...
6.500
6.500
Permanent hardness ...
...
...
...
Do.
...
1 . 5 0 0
1.500
Total hardness ...
...
...
...
...
Do.
. . .
8.000
8.000
Chlorine
...
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
5.325
5 . 3 2 5
Ammoniacal nitrogen
Do.
...
0.004
0.004
Albuminoid nitrogen ...
..
...
...
Do.
...
0.056
0.039
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process) ...
...
Do.
...
0.174
0 . 1 4 4
Nitric nitrogen ...
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
Nil.
Nil.
QUALITATIVE.
N i trites
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Present.
Present.
Phosphates ...
...
...
...
... ... ... ... ...
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil.
Nil, nil.
50
Chemical A nalyses.
SAMPLE I.
SAMPLE I I I .
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Colourless and clear.
S m e l l .
N o n e .
None.
Q U A N T I T A T I V E .
Total solids ...
...
...
...
Parts per 100,000
...
20.000
19.600
Temporary hardness
...
...
...
Do.
...
11.000
10.500
Permanent hardness
...
...
...
Do.
...
2.000
3.500
Total hardness
...
...
...
...
D o .
13.000
14.000
Chlorine
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
1.420
1.420
Ammoniacal nitrogen
...
...
...
Do.
•
0.003
0.002
Albuminoid nitrogen
...
...
.
Do.
"'
0.006
Trace.
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process) ...
...
Do .
0.031
0.021
Nitric nitrogen
.
.
• .
Do.
..
. . .
......
Q U A L I T A T I V E .
Nitrites
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Present.
Present.
Phosphates ...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
N i l .
Iron, poisonous metals
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil.
Nil, nil.
52
REPORT.
Sample No. I from the spring in the river bed shows a moderate number of fœcal germs
but too much variety in the species represented. This points to pollution of a more or less
constant character, The water is considerably improved by filteration but even better results
might be expected. We again note the undesirable variety and the total count is still for too
high. The water as distributed is worse again as regards total counts and fœcal bacilli, but the
latter all belong to the most resistant class, and are therefore probably derived from the pipes.
These should be scoured out. A. beneficial chemical action appears to take place in the pipes
resulting in a large decrease in the organic matter and a rise in the oxidised nitrogen. In other
chemical respects the water is good.
Chemical Analyses.
SAMPLE No. I.
SAMPLE No. IV.
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
White and opaque.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids
...
...
...
... Parts per 100,000 ...
33.600
31.400
Temporary hardness ...
...
...
...
Do.
...
11.500
12.000
Permanent hardness ...
...
...
Do.
...
2.500
2.000
Total hardness ...
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
14.000
1 4 . 0 0 0
Chlorine ...
...
...
...
...
..
Do.
. . .
4.615
4.615
Ammoniacal nitrogen ...
...
...
...
Do.
...
0.006
Trace.
Albuminoid nitrogen ...
...
...
Do.
...
0.036
0.013
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process)
..
...
Do.
. . .
0.205
0.082
Nitric nitrogen ...
...
...
Do.
...
Nil.
0.037
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Present.
Present.
Phosphates ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil.
Nil, ni l.
54
REPORT.
As regards the number of fœcal germs present, the water of the service reservoir is at least
six thousand times worse than the water of the head works. This requires some explanation.
The varieties present are most diverse so that it is certain pollution of an extensive kind is taking
place between these points. As we pass to the distributary system there is a decrease in the
number of foœal germs but no decrease in their undesirable variety and this culminates in the
sample from the fountain in the Old Madras Road, where we find a large number of germs of
class I present. This seems to point to a leaky as well as a dirty state of the pipes. Chemi-
cally the water shows high total solids which are probably largely soluble sulphates. The water
is fairly hard and the figure for oxidised organic matter is distinctly high, otherwise the water is
quite fail.
Chemical Analyse.
SAMPLE NO. I.
SAMPLE NO. IV.
Physical appearances.
Colour and
T r a n s p a r e n c y .
Colourless and
clear.
Colourless and
clear.
S m e l l .
None.
N o n e .
Q U A N T I T A T I V E .
Total solids ...
...
...
...
...
Parts per 100,000
. . .
57.000
56.000
Temporary hardness
...
...
...
D o .
.
15.500
15.000
Permanent hardness
...
...
...
D o .
. . .
1.500
1.500
Total hardness
...
...
...
...
D o .
. . .
17.000
17.000
Chlorine
...
...
...
...
...
D o .
. . .
2.307
2.307
Ammoniacal nitrogen
...
...
...
D o .
. . .
0.003
0.002
Albuminoid nitrogen
...
...
...
D o .
. . .
0.003
0.002
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process)
...
D o .
0.019
0.019
Nitric nitrogen
...
...
...
...
D o .
.
0.225
0.250
Q U A L I T A T I V E .
Nitrites
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Present.
Present.
Phosphates ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil.
Nil, nil.
Chemical Analyses.
SAMPLE I.
SAMPLE III.
.
P hysical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids
...
...
...
...
... Parts per 100,000
...
34.000
34.000
Temporary hardness ...
...
...
...
Do.
...
15.500
14'000
Permanent hardness ...
...
...
...
Do.
...
2.500
4'000
Total hardness
..
. . .
...
. . .
Do.
...
18.000
18'000
C hlorine
...
. . . . .
. . .
...
. . .
Do.
...
3.905
3.905
Ammoniacal nitrogen
...
. . .
...
Do.
...
0.003
Trace.
Albuminoid nitrogen
. . .
. . .
....
...
Do.
...
0 ' 0 0 3
Trace,
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process) ...
...
Do.
...
0'019
,0.009
Nitric nitrogen
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
0.300
0.300
Qu AL I TATIVE .
Nitrites
. . .
. . .
. . .
...
. . .
...
. . .
. . .
. . .
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
...
. . .
. .
...
Present.
Present.
Phosphates ...
...
...
. . . . . . .
...
. . .
. . .
...
N i l . .
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil .
Nil, nil.
58
SAMPLE V.—TAP IN WESTERN END IN KILCHUPET ROAD.
N u m b e r .
L a c t o s e .
S a c c h a r o s e .
D u l c i t e .
Adoni t e .
I n u l i n .
V o g e s a n d P r o s k .
I n d o l .
M o t i l i t y .
Name of Bacilli. Group and
Remarks.
Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37° C.–3,190.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
-
1 + + - -
- + - + IV B. Cloacæ ...
... Group I, nil.
1 tube of 20 cc.
...
...
...
...
1
...
2 tubes of 10 cc.
...
...
...
2
...
2 + + - -
- + - + IV
Do.
3
„
5 .cc.
...
...
...
...
3
...
3 + + - - - + - - IV B. 112...
... „
II, nil.
3
„
1 cc.
...
...
...
3
...
4 + + - + - + + - IV B. 116
..
„ I I I , n i l .
3 „ .1 cc. ... ... ... ..
3
...
5 + + - -
- - - + IV B. 109
...
...
„ IV, 10.
3 „ .01 cc. ...
3 ...
6 + + - + - - - - IV B. Gasoformans.
7 + + - + - - - - IV
Do.
... Class I, nil.
Fœcal bacilli in .01 cc. and upwards.
8 + + - + - - - - IV
Do.
9 + + - - - + - - IV B. 112
„ I I , 3 .
No vibrios in 100 cc.
10 + + - -
- - - + IV B. 109
.
„ I I I , 4 .
Undetermined, 3.
REPORT.
Although not much to boast about, the water from the spring is definitely better than that in the tank on
this occasion. There are fewer faecal germs and a smaller admixture of these. This taken together with a
lower but not low total count establishes the superiority. In samples III and IV we notice a considerable
improvement not easily accounted for by sedimentation, as the total counts remain of the same order.
Bacterially however they may be classed as fair. In sample V a great fall in quality is seen. The total count
is huge and there are a hundred .fœcal germs to the cc. Fortunately these latter are mainly of the most
resistant kinds so this state of affairs can be attributed to deposition rather than to leaks. This section of
the pipe should be scoured out more frequently. Chemically this sample will be seen to have had a slight
smell of sulphuretted hydrogen, a most unusual occurrence and indicating decomposition going on in the
deposited organic matter. The water as usual shows a most undesirably high figure for organic matter with
a carbon-nitrogen ratio corresponding to an animal origin.
Chemical Analyses.
SAMPLE No. II.
SAMPLE No. V.
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Greenish and opaque.
Yellowish and hazy.
Smell.
None
Slight smell of sulphu
¬retted hydrogen.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids ...
...
...
...
... Parts per 100,000 ...
2 2 . 0 0 0
20.000
Temporary hardness ...
...
...
Do.
...
4 . 5 0 0
4.500
Permanent hardness ...
...
...
...
Do.
...
2.000
2.000
Total hardness
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
6.500
6.500
Chlorine
...
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
1.420
1.420
Ammoniacal nitrogen
...
...
...
Do.
...
0.018
0.050
Albuminoid nitrogen
...
Do.
...
0.134
0.076
Oxygen absorbed ( Tidy' s Process) ... ...
Do.
...
0.343
0.314
Nitric nitrogen
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
Nil.
Nil.
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trace.
Trace.
Phosphates ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil .
Nil, nil.
59
CUDDAPAH.
WATER SAMPLES TAKEN—7TH MAY 1912.
REMARKS.—The Bugga river was dry when samples were taken. There was no water over
the gallery. The water from the experimental well also was pumped into the
service reservoir to supply the town. The sample from the tap adjoining the
service reservoir was not taken as there was no flow of water through the tap
owing to the low level of water in the reservoir. The supply is intermittent.
There was no rain since last analysis.
Bacteriological Analysis.
SAMPLE I.—TAP IN YERRAMAKKAPALLI ADJOINING THE FUEL
DEPOT.
Nu mb e r .
L a c t o s e .
S a c c h a r o s e .
Du l c i t e .
Ad o n i t e . I n n l i n .
V o g e s a n d P r o s k .
Indol.
Mo t i l i t y
Group.
Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37° C.—1,280.
Name of Bacilli.
Group and
Remarks.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
-
1 tube of 20 cc. ...
...
...
...
1
. . .
2 tubes of 10 cc.
...
...
.,.
...
2
. . .
1 + + - + - + I + - IV B. 116
...
...
Group I, nil.
3
„
5 cc.
..
3
. . .
2 + + - + - + - - IV B. Lactis ærogenes.
,, II, nil.
3 , , . 1 c c
3
. . .
3 + + - + - - - - IV B. Gasoformans ...
„
III, 1.
3 „
.1 cc. ... ... ... ...
1
2
4 + + + - - - - - III
?
„
IV, 9.
1 „ .01 cc. ...
..
...
...
3
5 + + - + - + - - IV B. Lactis ærogenes.
...
6 + + - + - + - - IV
Do,
7 + + - + - -
+-
- - - IV B. Gasoformans,
Fœcal bacilli in 1 cc. and upwards.
8 + + - + - - - - IV
Do.
... Class I, nil.
9 + + - + - - - - 1V
Do.
„ II, 8.
No vibrios in 100 cc.
10 + + - + - - -
- 1V
Do.
.
„
III, 2.
SAMPLE II.—TAP AT THE END OF GEDDY BAZAAR ROAD.
1 + + - - - - - - IV B. 111
... Group I, nil.
Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37º C.—680.
2 + + - + - - - - IV B. Gasoformans
)1 II, nil.
3 + + - + - - - + IV
?
„ III, 3.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
-
4 +
+
- - - - - - IV B. 111
...
...
,,
„ IV, 7.
5 + + + - - - - - III
?
6 + + - + - + - - IV B. Lactis ærogenes.
1 tube of 20 cc.
...
...
...
...
1
. . .
7 + + + +
- - - III B. Pneumoniæ Class I, nil.
2 tubes of 10 cc.
...
...
...
... 2
8 + + - + - - - - IV B. Gasoformans
„ II, 6.
3
„
5 cc.
...
...
...
...
. . .
9 + + - + - - -
- IV
Do.
„ III, nil.
3
„
1 cc.
...
... ...
3
. . . 10 + + + + - - - - III B. Pneumoniæ . . Undetermined,
4.
3 „
.1 cc. ... ... ...
3
. . .
3 „ .01 cc.
...
.
...
3
. . .
Fœcal bacilli in .01 cc. and upwards.
No vibrios in 100 cc.
REPORT.
There was no water obtainable at the head works, so it is impossible to say whether the water has
deteriorated by passing through the pipes. The amount and variety among the fœcal germs seem to point
to a considerable amount of silt in the pipes, very likely due to insufficient flushing, brought about in its
turn by want of water. Such a situation cannot perhaps be avoided but the whole system of pipes should
be flushed out at the very latest date that water is available for the purpose. Chemically the water is good
and soft.
17
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE I.
SAMPLE II.
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and
clear.
Colourless and
clear.
Smell.
None.
None.
Total solids
...
...
QUANTITATIVE.
. . .
...
Parts per 100,000
...
14.000
14'000
Temporary hardness ...
. . .
. . .
Do.
. . .
5.500
5‘500
Permanent hardness ...
...
. . .
...
Do.
. . .
3.500
3'500
Total hardness ...
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
9.000
9'000
Chlorine
...
...
...
...
. . .
...
Do.
. . .
1.420
1'420
Ammoniacal nitrogen ...
...
...
Do.
0.003
0'002
Albuminoid nitrogen ...
...
...
...
Do.
...
0'006
0'004
'Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process) ...
...
Do.
...
0'038
0'029
Nitric nitrogen
...
...
. . .
...
Do.
...
Nil.
Nil.
QUALITATIVE.
-
Nitrites
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
...
...
...
. . .
...
...
Trace.
Trace.
Phosphates
...
. . .
. . .
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil. •
Iron, poisonous metals
. . .
...
...
...
...
...
. . .
. . .
Nil, nil.
Nil, nil.
62
REPORT.
At this season of the year it is usual to find the water in the storage reservoir showing
pretty high total counts. Presumably this is due to surface washings after the first rains have
fallen finding their way into the lake. In spite however of such a high total count the lake water
with only one fœcal organism to five cc. and most of those of the highly resistant class can be
called very satisfactory.
As usual the water of the service reservoir is definitely worse, but it is not so bad as it was
in the corresponding quarter of 1911, when true Coli Communis was isolated from it. As regards
the distributary system the sample drawn from a tap near the post office is again notably the
worst. Again this is not so bad as last year, but the relative badness of the samples drawn at this
point must have a cause and probably a removable one. The water in the Wellington Road
is of much the same quality as that in the service reservoir. Chemically the organic matter
seems to be on the increase, but on this occasion it seems to be mainly of vegetable origin.
Chemical Analyses.
SAMPLE
I .
SAMPLE IV.
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Yellowish and
hazy.
White and hazy.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids
...
...
...
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . . Parts per 100,000
...
3.400
3 . 0 0 0
Temporary hardness
...
. . .
. . .
. . .
Do.
. . .
Nil.
Nil.
Permanent hardness ...
...
. . .
Do.
...
0.500
0.500
Total hardness
...
...
...
...
...
. . . .
Do. ...
0 . 5 0 0
0 . 5 0 0
Chlorine
...
...
...
...
. . .
Do. ...
0.284
0.284
Ammoniacal nitrogen
...
...
...
. . .
Do.
...
Trace.
Trace.
Albuminoid nitrogen
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Do.
...
0.007
0.010
Oxygen absorbed ( Tidy's Process) ...
...
...
Do.
...
0.082
0.100
Nitric nitrogen.
...
. . .
. . .
Do.
...
Nil.
Nil.
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. .
. . .
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
. . .
Nil.
Nil.
Phosphates ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, Poisonous metals
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil.
Nil, nil.
64
REPORT.
The water from the bed of the river shows a very high total count and one fœcal germ to
the cc. These latter, however, are of the most resistant kinds which we expect to find after a
season of drought. The water as delivered from the pumping station has undergone a remark-
able improvement and is in really good order. There is some falling off seen in the next sample
from Mungammal Chatram, but not enough to call for special notice. The water as drawn from
Fountain I near Big Teppakulam is again very good. Chemically the water is hard but fair.
It seems to be mainly the sub-soil water and does not show those variations in chemical character
that have been noted on previous occasions.
Chemical Analyses.
SAMPLE I.
SAMPLE IV.
Physical appearances.
C olour and
Transparency.
Yellowish and hazy.
Colourless and clear .
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids
...
...
...
... Parts per 100,000
...
56.000
52.000
Temporary hardness ...
...
...
Do...
2 0 . 0 0 0
20.500
Permanent hardness ...
...
...
Do.
•••
3.000
1.500
Total hardness
...
...
...
Do.
...
23.000
22.000
Chloride
...
...
...
...
Do.
...
11.360
1 0 . 2 9 5
Ammoniacal nitrogen
...
...
Do.
...
Trace.
Trace.
A lbuminoid nitrogen ...
...
...
Do.
...
0.006
0.005
Oxygen absorbed (Tide's Process) ...
Do.
0 . 0 6 4
0.055
Nitric nitrogen
...
...
..
Do.
...
0.075
0.037
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
Present.
Present.
Phosphates
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil.
Nil, nil.
66
Chemical Analyses.
SAMPLE I.
SAMPLE II.
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and
clear.
Colourless and
clear.
Smell.
None.
None.
Q U A N T I T A T I V E .
Total solids
...
..
Parts per 100,000 ...
35.000
46.000
Temporary hardness
Do.
.
. .
.
15.500
24.000
Permanent hardness ...
Do.
. .
4.500
6.000
Total hardness
...
Do.
20.000
30.000
Chlorine
...
...
...
Do.
...
2.840
2.130
Ammoniacal nitrogen
...
...
Do.
Trace.
Trace.
Albuminoid nitrogen
..
..
Do.
...
0.003
0.002
Oxygen absorbed ( Tidy's Process) ...
...
...
..
Do.
0.018
0.009
Nitric nitrogen
.
.
..
Do.
...
0.150
0.125
Q U A L I T A T I V E .
Nitrites
...
...
...
.
..
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
..
. . . . ... . ..
Present.
Present.
Phosphates ...
...
...
...
...
...
.
...
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
.....
—
...
Nil, nil.
Nil, nil.
SAMPLE III .
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids ...
...
...
..
Parts per 100,000 ...
42.600
Temporary hardness
...
.
Do.
. .
22.000
Permanent hardness
...
...
...
Do.
...
7.000
Total hardness
...
..
.
Do.
.
29.000
Chlorine
...
...
...
...
...
...
Do.
2.130
Ammoniacal nitrogen
...
...
Do.
Trace.
Albuminoid nitrogen
...
...
.
Do.
0.002
Oxygen absorbed ( Tidy's Process)
...
...
Do.
...
0.018
Nitric nitrogen
.
...
...
...
...
...
Do.
. .
0.150
QUALITATIVE.
..
Nitrites
...
...
...
...
...
Nil.
Sulphates ...
.
...
...
...
Present.
Phosphates ...
...
...
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals ...
...
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Nil, nil.