NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
Revised list of Agents lor the sale of Punjab Government Publications.
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.
CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street,
Leicester Square, London, W. C.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co.,
Limited, 68-74, Carter Lane, E. C,
and 25, Museum Street, London,
W. C.
BERNARD QUARITCH, 11, Graf ton Street,
New Bond Street, London, W.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Limited, No. 1,
Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C.
P. S. KING AND SON, 2 & 4, Great
Smith Street, Westminster, London,
S. W.
H. S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill and 9,
Pall Mall, London.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street,.
London, S. W.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane,
London, E. C.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street,
London, W. C.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50, and 51, Broad
Street, Oxford.
PEIGHTON BELL, & Co., Limited, Cam-
bridge,
OLIVER & BOYD, Tweeddale Court,
Edinburgh.
E. PONSONBY, Limited, 116, Grafton
Street, Dublin.
ON THE CONTINENT,
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte,
Paris, France.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague Hol.
land
IN INDIA,
A. CHAND & Co., Imperial Book Depôt
Office, Delhi.
GULAB SINGH AND SONS, Mufid-i-' Am
Press, Lahore.
MANAGER, Punjab Law Book Dep6t,
Anarkali Bazar, Lahore.
S. MUMTAZ ALI & SON, Rafah-i-' Am
Press, Lahore (for vernacular publi-
cations only).
RAMA KRISHNA & SONS, Book-Sellers
and News Agents, Anarkali Street,
Lahore.
N. B. MATHUR, - Superintendent and
Proprietor, Nazir Kanun Hind Press,
Allahabad.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Co.,
Bombay.
THACKER SPINK & CO., Calcutta and
Simla.
NEWMAN and Co., Calcutta,
R, CAMBRAY and Co., Calcutta,
THACKER & Co., Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAMS, Limited, Madras.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Calcutta,
V.
KALYANARAM IYER & Co., 189,
Esplanade Row, Madras,
G. A. NATESAN & Co., Madras.
SUPERINTENDENT, AMERICAN BATTIST
MISSION PRESS, RANGOON,
REPORT ON MALARIA
IN THE PUNJAB
DURING THE YEAR 1915.
TOGETHER WITH AN ACCOUNT
OP THE WORK OF THE
PUNJAB MALARIA BUREAU
BY
COLONEL H. HENDLEY, M. D., K. H S, I. M. S.,
CHIEF MALARIA MEDICAL OFFICER, PUNJAB.
Lahore:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, PUNJAB,
1916.
Appendices.
The following Appendices accompany the report :—
Appendix A—Chart I.—Showing the Total Mortality and Fever Mortality in the Punjab from
1867—1915.
Chart II.—Autumnal Fever Mortality (October and November deaths) in the
Punjab from 1867—1915.
Chart III.—Showing the Monthly Fever Mortality in the Punjab during 1914 and
1915.
Appendix B.—Deaths registered from fever in the districts of the Punjab in the year 1915.
Appendix C.—Map I.—Showing the fever death rate per mille for all the districts of the
Punjab for 1914 and 191 5.
Map II.—Showing the spleen index in June 1914 for the Punjab.
Map III.—Showing the spleen index of the Punjab in November 1914.
Map IV.—Showing the spleen index of the Punjab in June 1915.
Map V.—Showing the spleen index of the Punjab in November 1915.
Appendix D.— Showing the Monthly Fever Mortalily of the towns and rural areas of the
Panjab for the year 1915.
No. 8-Medl-l.
FROM
L. FRENCH, ESQUIRE, O.I.E., I.C.S.,
Additional Secretary to Government, Punjab,
To
THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF CIVIL HOSPITALS,
PUNJAB,
Dated Lahore, 8th December 1916.
Home.
Medical.
SIR,
I AM directed to acknowledge receipt of your letter No. 6275 General,
dated the 1st November 1916, with which was forwarded the Annual Report
of the Chief Malaria Officer, Punjab, on the work done in the Malaria Bureau
during the year 1915 with your remarks thereon.
2. Last year the attention of the officers concerned was drawn to •
suggestions made by Colonel Lane for the amelioration of conditions favourable
to the development of malaria in certain localities : and they were directed to
take such action as might be possible. This year's Report contains no reference
to any results which may have been obtained in consequence of. such action :
and 1 am to request that this matter may be noticed in next year's Report.
3. It appears that 5 1/2 months were consumed in printing this Report
with its charts. No doubt in present conditions the expeditious production of
maps in India cannot be assured bat : Sis Honour trusts that it will be possible
in future to reduce the delay which has occurred and effect publication more
promptly than has been the case this year.
I have, & c.,
L. FRENCH,
Additional Secretary to Government, Punjab.
No. 8-Medl-2.
COPY, with a copy of the Malaria Report, forwarded to —
(1) the Secretary to Government, Punjab, Public Works Department,
Buildings and Roads Branch,
(2) the Secretary to Government, Punjab, Public Works Department,
Irrigation Branch,
(3) the Agent, North-Western Railway,
(4) all Commissioners and Deputy Commissioners in the Punjab,
for information and such action as may be possible.
By order, &c,
L. FRENCH,
Additional Secretary to Government, Punjab.
1719 CS—490-13.12.16—SGPP Lahore
No, 2645 GENERAL.
FROM
THE HON'BLE COLONEL H. HENDLEY, M. D., K.H.S., I.M.S.,
Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Punjab r
To
THE ADDITIONAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT, PUNJAB..
Dated Lahore, the 15th May 1916
I HAVE the honour to forward herewith the annual report of the Chief
Malaria Medical Officer, Punjab, on the work done in the Malaria Bureau during;
the year 1915 and to convey the following remarks.
2. The report on the work done, specially in connection with the study
of malaria in the Punjab, shows that useful information is being obtained
which it is hoped will eventually lead to good practical results. The most im-
portant result will be to focus attention upon endemic centres in which measures
on sound lines will be taken to ameliorate conditions of life so as to prevent them,
becoming reservoirs for widespread infection in bad years.
3. The Province is fortunate in having had another healthy year, and
though the conditions that led to it are not compatible with plentiful harvests,
yet they have not been altogether inimical to the interests of Government
at this time of stress as, but for them, the excellent recruiting results obtained
in the Punjab would not have been possible.
I have the honour to be,,
SIR,
Your most obedient Servant,.
H. HENDLEY, M. D., COL., I.M.S.,
Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Punjab.
6 IGCH-420—17-5-16—SGPP Lahore.
No. 120 M. I.
FROM
THE HON'BLE COLONEL H. HENDLEY, M. D., K.H.S., I.M.S.,
Chief Malaria Medical Officer, Punjabi,
To
THE INSPECTOPR-GENERAL OP CIVIL HOSPITALS, PUNJAB.
Dated Lahore, the 30th March 1916.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to submit the annual report on the work done in the
Malaria Bureau during the year 1915.
I have the honour to be,
SIE,
Tour most obedient Servant,
H. HENDLEY, M.D., COL., I.M.S.,
Chief Malaria, Medical Officer, Punjab.
6 IGCH-420-17-5-16-SGPP Lahore,
REPORT ON MALARIA IN THE PUNJAB DURING
THE YEAR 1915.
I.—GENERAL CONSIDERATION.
DURING the last forty-eight years, since 1867, the average annual
mortality under the heading of a very vague term " Fevers " has been about
350,000. During the year under review the total fever mortality was 284,784
as compared with 345,471 in 1914 and 331,698 in 1913. The annual mortality
from fevers shown in Chart I of Appendix A shows a distinct fall as compar-
ed with that of 1914. The chart also incidentally brings out clearly the
relationship of fever mortality to the total mortality.
Chart II of Appendix A shows the autumnal (October and Novem-
ber) fever mortality from 1867 up to the year under review. The fever
mortality during the months of October and November for 1915 was markedly
less than that of 1914, the figures for the former being 45,686 against 70,389
in the previous year and 73,334 in the year 1913.
In Chart III of Appendix A a comparison is made of the monthly fever
mortality in the Punjab during 1914 and 1915. Vital statistics, depending
as they do upon the village Chaukidar, are very unreliable. For scientific
purposes some more satisfactory means must be devised for gauging the pre-
valence of malaria, in order that some measures of reliance may be placed upon
the data provided. With this in view a biennial splenic census in the Punjab
was introduced. The record of a spleen census before and after the fever season,
for a large number of years should be of immense value ; changes and oscillations,
whether due to natural causes or to artificial changes in a locality or to anti-
malarial measures can be thus carefully watched and registered. Moreover, the
splenic index, unlike the parasite rate, is also least liable to seasonal fluctua-
tions. It is thus a very excellent means of judging of the extent to which mala-
ria prevails in a locality.
II.—DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MALARIA.
The year under review was unattended by any epidemic of malaria, and
again afforded a favourable opportunity for the study of the endemicity of
the disease in the Province. Since the epidemic of 1908 there has been no-
thing in the nature of an epidemic, so that where the spleen rate tends to keep
high, the regular endemic centres become very perceptible.
The fever mortality for the Province as a whole was 284,784 equivalent
to a fever death-rate of 14.72 per mille of population as compared with 17.86
per mille in the previous year and 17.15 per mille in 1913 and 1422 in 1912.
The extent to which the usual annual variations occur in " fever "
mortality in the Punjab is shown in the table given below. : —
Table I.
To »how the fever mortality and fever death-rate per mille in the Punjab during the year 1908-1915.
1908
Fever deaths.
697.058
Death ratio.
34.66
1909
Fever deaths.
410.278
Death ratio.
20.40
1910
Fever deaths.
343.926
Death ratio.
17.10
1911
Fever deaths.
302,417
Death ratio.
15.33
1912
Fever deaths.
275,040
Death ratio.
14.22
1913
Fever deaths.
331,698
Death ratio.
17.15
1914
Fever deaths.
345,471
Death ratio.
17.86
1915
Fever deaths.
284,784
Death ratio.
14.72
3
A scrutiny of these spleen census maps of 1914 and 1915 shows that
the following towns are highly endemic or hyper-endemic in terms of
relative intensity of malaria :—
Table II.
Highly endemic areas, with spleen index approximately between 25 and 50 per cent.
1
2
8
4
g
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
District.
Hissar
...
Rohtak
Gurgaon
Karnal
Ambala
Kangra
...
Hoshiarpur ...
Jallundur ...
Ferozepore ...
Lahore
...
Amritsar
...
Gurdarpur ...
Sialkot
Gujránwala ...
Shahpur
...
Jhelum
Campbellpur...
Miamvali
Montgomery...
Jhang
Multan
Muzaffargarh
D. G. Khan ..
Ambala
Jullundur ...
Labore
Rawalpindi...
Multan
...
Town.
1. Fetahabad...
2. Hissar
3. Sirsa
1. Gohana
1. Nub
2. Pobna
3. Ballabgarb...
1. Kaithal
2. Ladwa
...
...
3. Gubia
1. Sadhaura ...
2. Manimajra
1. Dharmsala
2. Hamirpur
3. Banjar
1. Gagret
2. Shamchaurasi
...
1. Shabkot ...
1. Fazilka ...
...
1. Shahdara ...
...
2. Khudian ...
1. Attari
1.
Pathankot...
2. Dunera
3. Narot
1. Phukalian ...
1. Akalgarh ...
2. Sangla
1. Bhera
2. Sahiwal ...
...
3. Nurpur
...
...
1. Chakwal ...
2. Kalar Kabar
1. Hasanabdal
1. Mianwali ...
2. Bhakkar ...
1. Boyloganj
1. Atharanliazari
2. Bhowana ...
1. Khanewal ..
2. Jalalpur ...
3. Kahirwala.
1. Kot Adu ...
2. Sinauwan ...
1.
Mitbankot...
Spleen-rate,
June 1914
16.6
20.0
30.0
0.0
46.0
290
56.2
25.7
44.2
20.0
14.1
28.0
31.1
32.1
45.4
28.5
60.8
88.4
4.3
399
17.6
233
450
83.3
19.4
19.7
26.7
23.4
25.2
43.0
22.8
28.8
36.0
71.7
21.4
24.7
0.0
30.5
19.0
15.0
27.2
50.0
66.0
333
59.6
Spleen-rate,
November
1914.
50.0
32.4
17'0
52.9
32.7
23.2
44.2
32.7
43.1
28.5
520
27.3
37.6
49.2
48.07
57.1
60.1
56.1
42.5
35.6
40.0
43.4
42.1
00
54.1
53.2
32.4
37'3
54.8
343
22.1
331
87.5
58.4
56.7
232
48.0
54.7
24.0
50.0
47.7
35.5
50.4
75.8
38.8
Spleen-rate,
June 1915.
43.4
20.0
27.6
27.02
35.8
20.3
34.4
42.1
46.1
22.2
35.8
20.6
42.4
21.7
25.0
20.0
43.7
42.8
47.6
36.2
22.5
40.0
35.4
37.5
34.2
30.8
25.3
32.4
43.7
3.1
17.2
25.5
100.0
32.0
25.0
63.8
25.0
41.6
29.4
16.8
50.0
26.4
36.4
60.6
36.0
Spleen-rate,
November
1915.
27.03
56
191
31.4
34.0
12.8
15.0
11.5
13.5
17.3
14.5
19.4
5.5
22.4
14.0
36.6
41.4
45.9
00
27.8
54.4
25.0
433
71.4
48.8
44.6
8.3
25.5
39.1
12.2
47.7
5.3
58.8
333
17.41
47.8
32.0
15.2
33.3
38.5
47.8
42.5
34.3
36.6
44.0
4
Table III.
Hyper endemic areas, with spleen index above 50 per cent.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
District.
Karnal
...
...
Kangra
...
...
Hoshiarpur
Ferozepore
Gujranwala ...
Shahpur
Montgomery ...
...
Lyallpur
Jhang
Muzaffargarh ...
Town.
1. Pehowa
2. Thanesar
1. Dera Gopipur
2. Jawalanmkhi
1. Miani
1. Jalalabad
1. Eminabad
2. Butala
1 Girot
1. Montgomery...
1. Jaranwala
1. Bhamb
1. Muzaffargarh
2. Bangpur
Spleen-rate in June 1914.
56.0
59.0
0.0
33.6
84.2
15.0
47.7
47.8
48.D
0.0
63.9
85.0
67.0
79.5
Spleen-rate in Nov
65.0
71.4
40.7
77.7
76.4
666
97.1
54.5
53.4
44.9
61.2
80.7
61.6
94.04
Spleen-rate in June 1915.
58.2
71.4
65.4
71.6
68.4
57.5
94.6
59.2
61.6
62.7
57.4
79.1
59.8
55.5
Spleen-rate Novem
36.8
66.0
80.7
82.1
42.1
64.4
80.1
42.8
50.7
70.1
34.4
378
32.1
61.1
The years 1914 and 1915 were practically free from malaria, but the
towns enumerated above show a high spleen-rate even in these non-epidemic
years. No opinion can be formed at this stage as to whether all these places
are definite endemic centres or not, as other factors—newly introduced— may
influence the spleen-rate. As, for instance, the spleen-rate of Montgomery in
September 1913 was 4.16 per cent, and in November 1914 it went so high
as 44.9 per cent., while in June and November 1915 it was still higher, so
much so that it reached to 62.7 and 70.1 per cent., respectively. It was found
out that the severe epidemic coincided with the bringing of the Lower Bari
Doab Canal into this town. The Kalar soil of Montgomery is more or less
impervious, so you get conditions connected with irrigation arising quickly
similar to those due to local flooding.
III.—EPIDEMIC MALARIA.
Fortunately there has been no epidemic of malaria in the present year
except in a few isolated places and areas. By consulting the two following
factors the virulence of this disease in certain isolated areas is made mani-
fest :—
(1) Epidemic figure for the different towns and rural circles of the
Province.
(2) Comparison of spleen census figures for June and November 1915
(any distinct increase in the spleen-rate of the latter over
the former compared with previous years is indicative of com-
parative virulence).
5
A slight change has seemed to be necessary for working out the epidemic
figure this year. The epidemic figure was obtained by dividing the fever
mortality figures for December by the average monthly fever mortality for
February, March and April. This was done as the fever mortality exhibited
its greatest intensity in December and was at its ebb in the "months of
February, March and April. In many districts the epidemic figure was not
higher than 1, rather less in many places, showing that the number of deaths in
December did not exceed the normal.
The epidemic figure up to about 5 may be taken to indicate an increased
mortality due to autumnal recrudescence. Prom the persual of the epidemic
figures for the Province it is concluded that the autumnal recrudescence of
malaria was less conspicuous than usual for the greater part of the Punjab.
The few towns and rural circles where the epidemic figure was about 5
or above it are given below :—
Table IV.
Showing towns and rural circles with epidemic figure about 6 or above it.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
District.
Hissar
Gurgaon
Ambala
Ludhiana
Gurdaspur ...
Sialkot
Montgomery
Shahpur
Town.
Fatehabad
1. Firozpur-Jhirka
2. Hodal
3.
Faridabad
4. Shahjahanpur P. S.
5. Nub P. S. ...
Ropar
...
Raikot
Rania P. S. ...
1. Zafarwal
2. Kalaswala
Montgomery ...
...
Shahpur
Epidomic figure.
10.0
15.0
20.0
9.9
10.6
5.8
10.0
12.0
20.6
10.0
6.0
4.8
69
REMARKS.
Jhir stream from Mewat Hills
joins Lando
Agra Canal.
River Jumna.
Near big Chadaini Jhil to the North-We
Satluj River.
Bhatinda Branth of Sirhind
Canal.
Upper Bari Doab Main Canal.
Lower Bari Doab Canal.
Jhelum River.
NOTE.—P. S.-Police Station including rural circle.
A scrutiny of the spleen census maps IV & Y of Appendix 0 for 1915—
on which is based the following table—shows that most of the places which
suffered in a marked manner were along river banks, visited by local inunda-
tions though often of no great importance. The immediate effect of floods is
to check the development of malaria on account of the destructive effect of
inundation on the breeding places of anopheles. It is after the waters have
subsided and stationary collections of water are left in ditches and on uneven
land that an epidemic develops. It is in these temporary breeding places
that the natural enemies of the mosquito larvae are rarely to be found ; that
the anopheles larvae have a free field to develop in during the fever months.
6
Table V.
Table showing the places where the spleen-rate rose after the fever season of 1915.
District.
Kangra
...
...
Hoshiarpur
...
Jullundur
Lahore ...
...
Gurdaspur
Sialkot ...
Gujrat ...
Shahpur ...
Montgomery
Multan...
Dera Ghazi Khan
Town.
1. Kangra
2. Nurpur
3. Palampur
4. Dera Gopipur
1. Mahilpur
2. Gagret
Adainpur
1. Kbudian
2. Alirazabad
Dunera
Phukalian
Kotla
1. Bhera
2. Girot
3. Nurpur
...
Montgomery
Kabirwala
Mithankot
Spleen rate,
June
1916.
3.8
18.3
5.0
66.4
2.1
20.0
22.3
22.5
1.3
87.5
30.8
8.7
4.3
38.3
17.2
62.7
26.4
86.0
Spleen rate,
November
1915.
24.0
50.7
34.8
80.7
16.1
36.4
74.4
54.4
14.9
71.4
44.6
18.6
39.1
50.7
477
70.1
42.5
44.0
REMARKS.
(River-side or not)
A hilt torrent rum along.
A hill-torrent runs at foot.
Ditto
ditto.
On the bank of Hiver Peas.
A hill torrent runs along.
Soan, a hill torrent of great magni-
tude.
A hill torrent runs close by.
Katora Canal from Satluj.
Ravi.
Chenab Rivo .
Bahadur Nalla (a tributary of Bhim-
ber Kalla).
Jheluin River.
Ditto.
Lower Bari Doab Main Canal.
A torrent of River Ravi.
Junction of 5 Punjab Rivers.
Special note on Montgomery.
The spleen-rate of Montgomery has risen as high as from. 4.16 per cent.
in September 1913 to 70.1 per cent, in
November 1915 and 77'27 per cent, in
the first part of February 1916 ; while the parasite rate has gone up from 2'72
in September 1913 to 27.27 in February 1916.
Table. VI.
Special note on Mianwali Civil Station.
Table showing the number of out-door and in-door patients treated in Mianwali Police Hospital,
Patients,
Outdoor
Indoor
Total
YEAR
1905.
175
75
250
1906.
875
73
448
1907.
415
83
498
1908.
578
107
685
1909.
600
53
653
1910.
454
30
484
1911.
218
15
233
1912.
353
33
386
1913.
335
31
366
1914.
840
79
919
1915.
608
41
649
REMARKS.
After the opening of the canal 919 patients from the Police force at-
tended the Police hospital in 1914 and 649 in 1915 ; whilst in 1908—the year
of the heavy fever mortality—and 1909, the year after, only 685 and 653
patients, respectively, attended the hospital.
In the absence of any large number of 'towns and rural circles showing
the epidemic figure higher than 5, it has not been thought necessary to prepare
and append a separate map showing the distribution and intensity of malaria
for the present year.
Appendix A.
CHART No. 1.
Showing the Total Mortality and the "Fever" Mortality in the Punjab from 1867—1915.
Red-Total Recorded Mortality.
Green—Total "Fever" Mortality.
No. 4655-420
Appendix A.
CHART No. 2.
Autumnal Fever Mortality (October and November Deaths) in the Punjab from 1867—1915.
No. 4655-1=420
Appendix A.
CHART No. 3.
Showing the Monthly Fever Mortality in the Punjab during 1914—1915.
Dotted—Average.
1914 1915
No. 4655-2=420
APPENDIX B.
DEATHS REGISTERED FROM FEVER IN THE DISTRICTS OF THE PUNJAB
DURING 1915.
ii
APPEN
Deaths registered from "Fever" in the
No.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Ditricts.
AMBALA DIVISION.
Hissar ...
Robtak ...
Gurgaon...
Karnal ...
...
Ambala ...
...
...
Simla
...
...
JULLUNDUR DIVISION.
Kanges...
Hoshiarpur
Jullundur
...
...
Ludhiana.
...
...
Ferozepora
LAHORE DIVISION.
Lahore
..
Amritsar
...
Gurdaspur
...
Sialkot ...
Gujranwala
...
...
RAWAPINDI
DIVISION.
Gujrat ...
Shahpur ...
Jhelam ...
Rawalpindi
Attock ...
Mianwali
MULTAN DIVISION
Montgomery
Lyallpur
Jhang ,.,
...
Multan ...
...
Muzaffargarh
Dera Ghazi Khau ...
...
Total
Population 1911.
804,889
714,834
729,167
799,787
682,553
34,970
766,686
918,569
787,956
517,192
933,499
1,017,742
879,311
832,561
963.279
923,419
745,634
687,366
504,193
507,642
515,286
341,377
535,299
857,711
615,526
801,375
569,461
499,860
19,337,146
January.
1,156
724
706
1,265
766
17
882
1,323
866
530
1,153
1,335
1,375
923
1,160
1,694
775
738
762
872
1,058
637
1,126
020
725
1,911
1,747
896
28,042
February.
801
513
375
978
666
16.
749
1,107
832
895
961
975
1,157
771
932
3,181
584
557
613
693
771
548
747
725
504
1,307
1,166
812
21,436
March.
1,032
541
440
1,047
666
17
909
1,199
837
468
983
1,025
1,320
774
1,034
3,101
548
544
466
716
721
612
649
804
522
1,211
890
801
21,877
April.
979
650
483
771
594
29
858
1,381
805
439
926
1,087
1,263
615
899
792
346
416
368
634
585
492
458
974
518
869
819
652
19,702
May.
1,198
1,180
713
995
774
38
1,441
1,656.
1,161
573
1,196
1,869
1,952
1,041
1,332
1,563
418
609.
465
741
647
555
711
1,405
577
1,152
922
729
27.61S
Photo.-Mechl. and Litho. Dept., Thomason College, Roorkee.
May, 1916.—No.4655-4-420
Photo.-Mechl. and Litho. Dept., Thomason College, Roorkee. May. 1916.—No.46558-420
Photo.-Mechl. and Litho. Dept., Thomason College, Roorkee.
May, 1916.—No. 4655-6-420
Photo.-Mechl. and Litho. Dept., Thomason College, Roorkee.
May, 1916.—No. 4655-7-420
iii
DIX B.
districts of the Punjab during 1915.
June.
1,144
863
618
1,051
747
27
1,178
1,397
588
1,076
1,732
1,637
1.092
1,161
1,556
476
655
529
690
644
545
626
1,154
498
937
687
632
24,885
July.
1,083
709
470
1,154
706
22
1,083
1,176
829
543
1,083
1,444
1,349
936
998
1,347
820
669
507
648
663
502
546
1,084
484
977
754
520
23,106
August.
851
556
S94
843
537
20
966
1.116
729
444
935
1,262
1,198
795
873
1,193
664
593
457
627
592
489
551
1,004
491
759
598
518
20,055
September.
730
439
444
795
611
17
1,383
1,150
715
361
872
1,150
1,041
798
851
979
804
468
479
588
561
430
446
813
443
763
615
435
19,181
October.
761
520
455
736
646
31
1,489
1,273
710
457
933
1,141
1,032
851
913
943
773
496
481
717
621
498
440
787
442
960
922
611
20,639
November.
876
758
726
1,112
735
18
1,190
1,220
873
541
1,125
1,374
1,253
978
1,034
1,303
792
663
669
925
$29
584
653
969
594
1,294
1,110
749
25,047
December.
1,339
1,151
1,096
1,362
815
17
1,219
1,557
1,102
592
1,527
1,841
1,405
1,020
1,303
1,943
1,025
1,117
867
1,263
1,552
968
999
1,384
911
1,732
1,356
738
3.3,201
Total.
11,950
8,604
6,920
12,109
8,263
269
13,347
15,555
10,404
5,931
12,770
16,235
15,982
10,594
12,490
15,595
8,025
7,525
6,663
9,114
9,344
6,860
7,952
12,023
6,709
13,872
11,586
8,093
284,784
Ratio pèr
mille.
14.85
12.01
9.49
15.14
13.06
769
17.41
16 93
13.20
11.47
13.68
15.95
18.18
12.72
12.97
1689
10.76
1095
13 21
17.95
18.13
20.10
1577
13.53
13.02
17.31
20.34
1619
14.72