NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( 147 )
Measurement of cattle (bulls, bullocks and cows) in the GOPALGANJ subdivision of SARAN district.
Nil.
GOPALGANJ SUBDIVISION—SARAN DISTRICT.
Information in connection with proposals for improving the breed of cattle in Bengal.
Serial
number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Questions.
2
What is the total land area of the subdivision (cultivated, grazing, and
sterile, separately, if practicable) ?
Is any land available on a Government estate or otherwise, and if so,
on what estate, which is suited for cattle-breeding ?
How are cattle fed, whether stall-fed or grazed, or both ; and whether
any grain, &c., is allowed ?
13 grazing scarce or plentiful?
...
...
...
...
...
Is there any scarcity of drinking-water for cattle ?
...
...
...
Are the cattle sheltered during the winter and rains? ... ... ...
Number of bulls in proportion to cows, and whether sufficient or not ?
Do the calves have all the cows' milk ; if not, how much?
...
...
At what age are calves weaned, and how are they fed after weaning ?
At what age are bull-calves gelded, and when do they begin work ? ...
Is fodder stored for cattle, and if so, what does it comprise ? ... ...
Average yield of milk, and how long after calving do the cows con
tinue to give milk ?
Average price of local bulls, cows, and bullocks ...
Ditto
of imported
ditto
Whence do the imported cattle come, and for what purpose are they
imported ?
Is there any special system of cattle management in your subdivision ?
What is the average height of the best bulls behind hump?
...
...
What is the average height of the worst bulls behind hump ? ...
What is the average height of cows? ... ... ... ... ...
Are Brahmini bulls let loose ? ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Are there too many Brahmini bulls ? ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Answers.
3
793 square miles. Classification unknown. Almost the whole of the land
cultivated.
No Government estate.
The groat majority are not stall-fed, but grazed only.
Fairly plentiful.
No.
Sheltered during the winter ; in few cases during the rains.
(A) unknown ; (13) quite sufficient.
If the cow yields less than 1 kutcha seer a day, all is given to calf ;
above that an increasing proportion.
Five months; they are both turned loose.
Golded at two years ; plough at 3.
Bhusi almost generally.
2½ kutcha soors (3⅓ pints) for four months, then a dwinding supply for
two more months.
Bulls are never sold. Bullocks average Rs. 18, and cows Rs. 11.
Factory bullocks cost about Rs. 45.
Sitamarhi and Sonepur fairs. Factory cartage.
No.
55 inches.
48 inches.
39 inches.
Yes.
For the crops, yes ; for breeding, no.
t 2
( 149 )
Measurements of cattle (bulls, bullocks and cows) in the SADAR Subdivision of SARAN district.
Blank.
SADAR SUBDIVISION—SARAN DISTRICT.
Information in connection with proposals for improving the breed of cattle in Bengal.
Serial
number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Questions.
2
What is the total land area of the subdivision (cultivated, grazing, and
sterile, separately, if practicable) ?
Is any land available on a Government estate or otherwise, and if so, on
what estate, which is suited for cattle-breeding ?
How are cattle fed whether stall-fed or grazed, or both ; and whether any
grain, &c., is allowed ?
Is grazing scarce or plentiful ?
...
...
...
...
......
...
...
...
...
Is there any scarcity of drinking-water for cattle ? ... ... ... ...
Are the cattle sheltered during the winter and rains ?
...
...
...
Number of bulls in proportion to cows, and whether sufficient or not ? ...
Do the calves have all the cows' milk ; if not, how much?
...
...
At what age are calves weaned, and how are they fed after weaning? ...
At what age are bull-calves gelded, and when do they begin work ? ...
Is fodder stored for cattle, and if so, what does it comprise ?
...
...
Average yield of milk, and how long after calving do the cows continue
to give milk ?
Average price of local bulls, cows, and bullocks ... ... ...
Ditto
of imported
ditto ... ... ... ...
Whence do the imported cattle come, and for what purpose are they
imported ?
Is there any special system of cattle management in your subdivision ? ...
What is the average height of the best bulls behind hump? ...
...
What is the average height of the worst bulls behind hump?
...
...
What is the average height of cows?
...
...
...
...
...
Are Brahmini bulls let loose?
...
...
...
...
...
...
Are there too many Brahmini bulls?
...
...
...
...
...
...
Answers.
3
1,031 square miles. Separate figures are not available.
The major portions of the Government estates in the sadar subdivision are
diara lands, which are not suitable for cattle-breeding. There is no land
available in the other Government estates.
The cattle are both stall-fed and grazed. Generally no grain is allowed.
Grazing is scarce.
No.
Yes.
Yes, sufficient.
Generally half.
The calves get the cows milk as long as they continue to give milk. After
that they are given grass and fodder.
Bull-calves are generally gelded between the age of one year, six months,
and two years. They generally begin to work when they are three
years old.
Yes. Fodder is stored.
Two seers. For ten months generally.
Bulls are not sold here. Price of cows Rs. 20 each (but it depends on
the qualily of milk they give). Price of bullocks Rs. 25 each.
Bulls and cows are generally not imported. Price of imported bullocks
Rs. 30 each.
From Sitamarhi subdivision of Muzaffarpur.
No.
Four feet two inches.
Three feet nine inches.
Ditto
ditto.
Yes.
Not too many.
( 150 )
Measurements of cattle (bulls, bullocks and cows) in the CHAMPARAN district.
Blank.
CHAMPARAN DISTRICT.
Information in connection with proposals for improving the breed of cattle in Bengal.
Serial
number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Questions.
2
What is the total land area of the subdivision (cultivated, grazing, and
sterile, separately, if practicable)?
Is any land available on a Government estate or otherwise, and if so,
on what estate, which is suited for cattle-breeding ?
How are cattle fed, whether stall-fed or grazed, or both ; and whether
any grain, &c., is allowed ?
Is grazing scarce or plentiful? ... ... ... ... ... ...
Is there any scarcity of drinking-water for cattle?
...
...
...
Are the cattle sheltered during the winter and rains?
...
...
...
Number of bulls in proportion to cows, and whether sufficient or not ? ...
Do the calves have all the cows' milk ; if not, how much?
...
...
At what age are calves weaned, and how are they fed after weaning ? ...
At what age are bull-calves gelded and when do they begin work ? ...
Is fodder stored for cattle, and if so, what does it comprise?
...
...
Average yield of milk, and how long after calving do the cows continue
to give milk ?
Average price of local bulls, cows, and bullocks
...
...
...
...
Ditto
of imported
ditto ... ... ... ...
Whence do the imported cattle come, and for what purpose are they
imported ?
Is there any special system of cattle management in your subdivision ? ...
What is the average height of the best bulls behind hump ? ... ...
What is the average height of the worst bulls behind hump ? ... ...
What is the average height of cows? ... ... ... ... ...
Are Brahmini bulls let loose?
...
...
...
...
...
...
Are there too many Brahmini bulls? ...
...
...
...
...
Answers.
3
The total area of the district is distributed as follows —
Cultivated area
...
...
2,232 square miles.
Uncultivated area
1,031
ditto.
Besides
290
ditto of hill and jungie.
Yes, plenty of land in northern and western portions of the Bettiah
subdivision.
Stall-fed and grazed. In some cases grain, paddy, straw, bhusa of sorts.
Grazing is fairly plentiful.
No.
Yes.
Two or three per hundred, not sufficient.
The calves have half the milk up to the age of four months and only
quarter thereafter.
About one year, generally after the cow has been served. The same as
the cow.
About three years or four years.
Yes, makai stalks, paddy, straw, bhusa of sorts, in some cases grain.
Local cows from 1 to 2 seers, imported 3 to 5 ; about one year.
Bulls not sold, cows Rs. 8 per every pucka seer of milk given. Bullocks
Rs. 10 to Rs. 40, sometimes Rs. 50.
Bulls not sold, cows Rs. 32 to Rs. 50, bullocks Rs. 40 to Rs. 100.
From Sitamarhi in Tirhut.
Not that I am aware of.
About 3
haths (cubits) (4 feet 6 inches).
About
2½
ditto
(3 feet 9 inches).
From 2½ to 3 ditto
(3 feet 9 inches to 4 feet 6 inches).
Remain loose.
No, very few.
( 152 )
Measurements of cattle (bulls, bullocks and cows) in the SADAR subdivision of MUZAFFARPUR district.
BREED.
Indigenous.
1
1
.....
......
Imported.
2
.....
1
......
Cross-
bred.
3
...
...
1
Sex.
4
Male ...
...
...
Age.
5
YRS.
3
... ...
Colour.
6
Whitish
......
.....
Height
behind
the
hump.
7
Ft. In.
4 0
4 6
4 3
Length
of body
from
behind
dump to
root of
tail.
8
Ft. In.
3 0
3 4
3 6
Girth at
chest
9
Ft. In.
4 0
4 6
4 3
Girth
of
forearm.
10
Ft. In.
0 7
0 8
0 7½
Girth of
shank.
11
Ft. In.
0 6
0 7
0 6½
REMARKS.
12
SADAR SUBDIVISION- MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT.
Information in connection with proposals for improving the breed of cattle in Bengal.
Serial
number.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Questions.
2
What is the total land area of the subdivision (cultivated, grazing, and
sterile, separately, if practicable) ?
Is any land available on a Government estate or otherwise,and if so, on
what estate, which is suited for cattle-breeding ?
How are cattle fed, whether stall-fed or grazed, or both ; and whether
any grain, &c , is allowed ?
Is grazing scarce or plentiful? ..
...
... ... ... ...
Is there any scarcity of drinking-water for cattle ?
...
...
...
Are the cattle sheltered during the winter and rains ? ... ... ... ...
Number of bulls in proportion to cows, and whether sufficient or not ?
Do the calves have all the cows' milk ; if not, how much ? ...
...
...
At what age are calves weaned, and how are they fed after weaning ? ...
At what age are bull-calves gelded, and when do they begin work ? ...
Is fodder stored for cattle, and if so, what does it comprise ? ......
Average yield of milk, and how long after calving do the cows continue
to give milk ?
Average price of local bulls, cows, and bullocks ... ... ... ...
Ditto
of imported
ditto
...
...
...
...
Whence do the imported cattle come, and for what purpose are they
imported ?
Is there any special system of cattle management in your subdivision ? ...
What is the average height of the best bulls behind hump? ... ...
What is the average height of the worst bulls behind hump ? ... ...
What is the average height of cows ?
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Are Brahmini bulls let loose ? ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Are there too many Brahmini bulls !
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Answers.
3
1,220 square miles from the total areas of Sadar subdivision.
No.
They are stall-fed and grazed. Grain is also allowed to a few cattle.
Scarce.
Drinking-water sufficient.
Yes. Cattle are sheltered during the winter and rains.
Only 200. Insufficient.
While the calves are very young, they get ¼th of the milk, and later on
they get no milk.
After 6 months the calves are weaned, and they live upon grass.
At 18 month's age the bull-calves are gelded, and they begin to work
after 3 year.
Yes. Husks and straws.
3 seers pucka per day for a year.
Cows and bullocks Rs. 30—25. Bulls are not sold.
200.
From Bankipore and Chapra. They are imported for milk and agricul-
ture.
No.
4½ feet.
4 feet.
4 feet 3 inches.
Yes.
No.
( 153 )
Measurements of cattle (bulls, bullocks and cows) in the HAJIPUR subdivision of MUZAFFARPUR district.
Blank.
HAJIPUR SUBDIVISION—MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT.
Information in connection with proposals for improving the breed of cattle in Bengal.
Serial
number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Questions.
2
What is the total land area of the subdivision (cultivated, grazing, and
sterile, separately, if practicable) ?
Is any land available on a Government estate or otherwise, and if so,
on what estate, which is suited for cattle-breeding ?
How are cattle fed, whether stall-fed or grazed, or both ; and whether
any grain, &c., is allowed ?
Is grazing scarce or plentiful ?
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Is there any scarcity of drinking water for cattle ?
...
...
...
...
Are the cattle sheltered during the winter and rains ? ... ... ... ...
Number of bulls in proportion to cows, and whether sufficient or not ? ...
Do the calves have all the cows' milk ; if not, how much ?
...
...
...
At what age are calves weaned, and how are they fed after weaning ?
At what age are bull-calves gelded, and when do they begin work 1
Is fodder stored for cattle, and if so, what does it comprise ?
...
...
Average yield of milk, and how long after calving do the cows con-
tinue to give milk ?
Average price of local bulls, cows, and bullocks ?
...
...
...
...
Ditto
of imported
ditto
...
...
...
...
...
...
Whence do the imported cattle come, and for what purpose are they
imported ?
Is there any special system of cattle management in your subdivision ?
What is the average height of the best bulls behind hump ?
...
...
What is the average height of the worst bulls behind hump?
...
...
What is the average height of cows? ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Are Brahmini bulls let loose ? ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Are there too many Brahmini bulls ?
...
...
...
...
...
...
Answers.
3
771 square miles (including cultivated, grazing and sterile).
No.
Both stall-fed and grazed. Cotton seed is allowed to cart bullocks and
oil-cakes to cows.
Insufficient. The tract of grazing ground is becoming a serious ques-
tion. No.
No. Very seldom.
5 per cent. Not sufficient.
No. Only ¼th is allowed to calves.
Calves are weaned after the age of one year, and are stall-fed and grazed
afterwards.
Bull-calves are gelded after 2 or 2½ years. They begin to work after
attaining the age of 4 years.
Fodder is stored for cattle. It is comprised of straw only.
From 1 to 1½ seers. Cows continue to give milk for a year after
calving.
Bulls are not sold here. Average price of cows and bullocks is Rs. 20
and Rs. 30 respectively.
No importation here. Cattle for sale come here from Sitamarhi and
Sonepur.
Ditto
ditto.
Ditto
ditto.
4 feet to 5 feet.
3 feet.
4 feet to 5 feet.
Yes.
No.
( 154 )
Measurements of cattle (bulls, bullocks and cows) in the MADHUBANI subdivision of DARBHANGA district.
BREED.
Indigenous.
1
Indigenous bullock ...
Do.
cow ...
Imported.
2
...
...
Cross
bred.
3
...
...
Sex.
4
Male ...
Cow
Age.
5
Yrs.
16
6
Colour.
6
Grey
White
Height
behind
the
hump.
7
Ft. In.
4 6
3 6
Length
of
body
from
behind
hump
to root
of tail.
8
Ft. In.
3 5
3 3
Girth
at
chest.
9
Ft. In.
7 3
8 3
Girth
of
forearm.
10
Ft. In.
1 2
1 1
Girth
of
shank.
11
Ft. In.
0 8
0 7
REMARKS.
12
MADHUBANI SUBDIVISION—DARBHANGA DISTRICT.
Information in connection with proposals for improving the breed of cattle in Bengal.
Serial
number.
1
1
2
3
4
ft
6
7
8
9
]0
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Questions.
2
What is the total land area of the subdivision (cultivated, grazing, and
sterile, separately, if practicable) ?
Is any land available on a Government estate or otherwise, and if so,
on what estate, which is suited for cattle breeding ?
How are cattle fed, whether stall-fed or grazed, or both ; and whether
any grain, &c., is allowed?
Is grazing scarce or plentiful?
....
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Is there any scarcity of drinking water for cattle ?
...
...
...
...
Are the cattle sheltered during the winter and rains?
Number of bulls in proportion to cows, and whether sufficient or not ?
Do the calves have all the cows' milk ; if not, how much ?
...
...
At what age are calves weaned, and how are they fed after weaning ?
At what age are bull-calves gelded, and when do they begin work ?
Is fodder stored for cattle, and if so, what does it comprise? . ... ...
Average yield of milk, and how long after calving do the cows continue
to give milk ?
Average price of local bulls, cows, and bullocks ...
...
... ...
Ditto
of imported
ditto
Whence do the imported cattle come, and for what purpose are they
imported ?
Is there any special system of cattle management in your subdivision ?
What is the average height of the best bulls behind hump ?
...
...
What is the average height of the worst bulls behind hump? ... ...
What is the average height of cows ? .. ... ... ... ...
...
Are Brahmini bulls let loose? ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Are there too many Brahmini bulls? ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Answers.
3
There is no Government estate, and there is no particular land suited
for cattle breeding. Cattle are bred everywhere.
Stall-fed and grazed. Fed on straw. Bullocks to drag loaded carts are
allowed also grain.
Always plentiful.
Generally not.
Yes.
1 to 20. Sufficient.
Half for two months, ⅓rd from 3rd, 5th, or 6th month. Then ¼ till two
months after the next pregnancy, or until the milk is available.
At the age of 9 months or until the cow gives milk.
In the second year after birth usually. Sometimes in the third year also.
Yes. Paddy straw and grain husk.
Average 1½ seers. Cows continue to give milk generally for a year or
15 to 16 months after calving.
Bulls are not sold. Average price of cows between Rs. 15 to Rs. 20,
and of bullocks between Rs. 10 and Rs. 20 or Rs. 25.
No bullock is imported.
Nil.
No.
5 feet 6 inches.
4 feet.
3 feet 6 inches.
Yes, as a rule.
Yes.
( 155 )
Measurements of cattle (bulls, bullocks and cows) in the SADAR subdivision of DARBHANGA district
BREED.
Indigenous.
1
Bullock
Do.
Do.
Cow
Do
Do
Bull
Imported.
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Cross-
bred.
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Sox.
4
Male ...
Do.
...
Do.
Fomale...
Do. ...
...
Age.
5
...
3 11
3
6
...
...
...
Colour.
6
Black
White ...
Black and white
White
Black and white
......
Height
behind
the
hump.
7
Ft. In.
4 2
3 0
2 11
3 10
3 5
...
Length
of body
from
behind
hump
to root
of tail.
8
Ft. In.
3 3
5 0
4 9
3 0
3 0
...
Girth at
chest.
9
Ft. In.
4 11
...
... 4 10
5 5
...
Girth of
forearm.
10
Ft. In.
...
...
...
...
...
...
Girth of
shank.
11
Ft. In.
0 5
0 6
0 5
0 6
...
REMARKS.
12
Column 10 is obvi-
ously wrong and
has boon deleted.
F. R.
Bulls are ferocious.
Measurement can-
not be taken.
SADAR SUBDIVISION DARBHANGA DISTRICT.
Information in connection with proposals for improving the breed of cattle in Bengal,
Serial
number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Questions.
2
What is the total land area of the subdivision (cultivated, grazing, and
sterile, separately, if practicable) 1
Is any land available on a Government estate or otherwise ; and if so,
on what estate, which is suited for cattle-breeding ?
How are cattle fed, whether stall-fed or grazed, or both ; and whether
any grain, &c., is allowed ?
Is grazing scarco or plentiful? ... ... ... ... ... ...
Is there any scarcity of drinking-water for cattle? ... ... ...
Are the cattle sheltered during the winter and rains?
Number of bulls in proportion to cows, and whether sufficient or not ?
Do the calves have all the cows' milk ; if not, how much? ... ... ...
At what age are calves weaned, and how are they fed after weaning ?
At what age are bull-calves gelded, and when do they begin work? ...
Is fodder stored for cattle, and if so, what does it comprise?
...
...
Averago yield of milk, and how long after calving do the cows continue
to give milk ?
Average price of local bulls, cows, and bullocks ... ... ... ...
Ditto
of imported
ditto
...
...
...
...
...
...
Whenco do the imported cattle come, and for what purpose are they
imported ?
Is there any special system of cattle management in your subdivision ?
What is the average height of the best bulls behind hump] ... ...
What is the average height of the worst bulls behind hump?
...
...
What is the average height of cows? ... ... ... ... ... ...
Are Brahmani bulls let
loose?... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..
Are there too many Brahmini bulls
...
...
...
...
...
...
Answers.
3
Area = 782,080 acres. Cultivated 594, 600 acres. The rest are sterile, all
waste lands occupied in tanks and rivers.
No.
Grazed and stall-fed. Both, Grain is allowed only by the rich.
Scarce.
No.
Yes.
1 to 100 insufficient.
Whole milk for 2 months ; half for 3 months.
Not weaned.
Generally gelded in the 2nd year, and begin to work at the end of 3
or 4 years.
Yes, paddy straw and husks of grain.
Average 2 seers. Continue to give milk for a year.
Bulls are not sold. Price of cows varies from Rs. 15 to Rs. 30 of bullocks
varies from Rs. 10 to Rs. 25.
Not imported.
Nil.
No.
4 feet.
3 foot.
3 feet 6 inches.
Yes.
Yes.
( 161 )
Measurements of cattle (bulls, bullocks and cows) in the SUPAUL subdivision of BHAGALPUR district.
BREED.
Indigenous.
1
Indigenous ...
Imported.
2
Imported ...
Cross-bred.
3
...
Sex.
4
...
Age.
5
...
Colour.
6
......
Height
behind
the
hump.
7
Ft. In.
Best bull
4 0
Cow
3 0
Bullock
3 7
Length
of body
from
behind
hump
to root
of
tail.
8
Ft. In.
4 6
Girth
at
chest.
9
Ft. In.
5 3
Girth
of
forearm.
10
Ft. In.
0 10
Girth
of
shank.
11
Ft. In.
0 8
REMARKS.
12
SUPAUL SUBDIVISION--BHAGALPUR DISTRICT.
Information in connection with proposals for improving the breed of cattle in Bengal.
Serial
number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Questions.
2
What is the total land area of the subdivision (cultivated, grazing,
and sterile, separately, if practicable) ?
Is any land available on a Government estate or otherwise, and if so,
on what estate, which is suited for cattle-breeding ?
How are cattle fed, whether stall-fed or grazed, or both ; and whether
any grain, &c., is allowed ?
Is grazing scarce or plentiful?
...
...
...
...
Is there any scarcity of drinking-water for cattle ? ... ...
Are the cattle sheltered during the winter and rains? ... ...
Number of bulls in proportion to cows, and whether sufficient or not ?
Do the calves have all the cows' milk; if not, how much? ...
At what age are calves weaned, and how are they fed after weaning ?
At what age are bull-calves gelded, and when do they begin work ?
Is fodder stored for cattle, and if so, what does it comprise?
...
Average yield of milk, and how long after calving do the cows continue
to give milk ?
Average price of local bulls, cows, and bullocks? ... ...
Ditto
of imported
ditto
Whence do the imported cattle come, and for what purpose are they
imported ?
Is there any special system of cattle management in your subdivision ?
What is the average height of the best bulls behind hump ? ...
What is the average height of the worst bulls behind hump ? ...
What is the average height of cows? ... ... ... ...
Are Brahmini bulls let loose ? ... ... ... ...
Are there too many Brahmini bulls? ... ... ... ...
Answers.
3
934 square miles. Information under several heads not available.
Not available.
They are stall-fed and grazed.
Gram is allowed only to a very few
used in drawing conveyances.
Plentiful.
At times when grazing is scarce, the cattle are sent to the
Kosi side.
No.
Yes.
About 2 to 100 ; said to bo sufficient.
No. In Pertabganj, the calves are allowed all the milk in the evening.
The cows are milked there only in the morning. In Supaul thana
only one-fourth of the milk is allowed to the calves.
At the age of 1 year. They are then fed like old ones.
Bull calves are gelded at the age of 3 years. They are fit for work at
the age of 5 years.
Straw and husks of wheat and paddy are stored for fodder.
Average yield is half-a seer and of the buffalo 1 seer. They yield
milk about 6 to 8 months after calving.
Average price of cows Its, 20, bullock Rs. 35. Bull not sold here.
Bullocks are sometimes imported from Darbhanga. The average price
is Rs. 32.
From Darbhanga for agricultural puproses.
No.
4 feet.
3 feet.
3 feet.
Yes.
Yes.