NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
APPENDICES.
xi.
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Nga Shwe Ngay
Nga Taung ...
Aung Dun ...
Re Gya ...
Nga Ywet ...
Nga Po Maung
Nga
Shwe
Yaung.
Seetal Persad ...
Anthony ...
27th August
1891.
9th October
1887.
1st April 1890
14th December
1894.
5th
October
1894.
18th June 1896
1st
August
1896.
29th July 1895
14th October
1890.
Bad ...
Fair ...
Good ...
Indifferent
Bad
...
Bad
...
Bad
...
Fair ...
Bad ...
11th Septem-
ber 1896.
3rd
October
1896.
1st November
1896.
28th August
1896.
11th Septem-
ber 1896.
30th Septem-
ber 1896.
12th October
1896.
3rd December
1896.
12th Decem-
ber 1896.
50
65
33
20
56
40
46
23
41
7th
October
1896.
15th October
1896.
1st November
1896.
8th November
1896.
11th Novem-
ber 1896.
14th Novem-
ber 1896.
29th Novem-
ber 1896.
4th December
1896.
31st December
1896.
Tubercle
...
Chronic dysen-
tery.
Biliary calculi...
Tubercle ...
Tubercle ...
Tubercle ...
Chronic d i a r-
rhœa.
Hæmorrhage in-
to the dura-
mater.
Dysentery ...
Body emaciated; both lungs were firmly adherent to the chest wall; the left
lung contained deposits of tubercles; the upper and middle lobe of right
lung were filled with miliary tubercles in cavities; heart—the cavities of
right and left ventricles somewhat contracted; pericardium greatly
thickened; the intestines contained tubercular ulcers and the tubercular
deposits were numerous in the rectum and ileo-cæcal valve.
All the organs were healthy, except that the small intestines were congested
here and there; the large intestine was pale and covered with cicatrices of
old dysenteric ulcers, and a large ulcer was found in the rectum.
Body emaciated; both lungs were congested; liver very much enlarged,
congested, and bile stained; on section the liver substance was found
to be infiltrated with biliary calculi of all sizes and stages of development;
the cystic, hepatic a; d the common bile ducts were obstructed by several
concretions of calculi, varying in size from a millet to the size of a hazel-
nut ; the gall-bladder was atrophied; spleen congested; kidneys con-
gested ; brain substance was healthy, no serous fluid in the ventricles.
Post mortem not made.
Body emaciated ; both lungs were found firmly adherent to the chest wall;
on section both lungs contained deposits of tubercles; liver pale and
flabby ; brain—the ventricles contained no serous fluid ; patches of con-
gestion in the intestines.
Post mortem not made.
The left lung was congested; liver congested; spleen small; the small
and large intestines were pale; patches of congestion were found here and
there and a large ulcer in the rectum.
The right lung was deeply congested; liver congested; spleen large and
congested ; on opening the skull the dura mater was found deeply congest-
ed and a large quantity of blood (.6 oz.) was found effused between the
dura mater and brain; the brain substance was deeply congested; no
abnormal quantity of serous fluid was found in the ventricles.
Body emaciated ; brain—the substance was pale and hard, fluid in the ven-
tricles; the small and large intestines were congested throughout; there
was ulceration and induration throughout the large intestine.
xii.
APPENDICES.
STATEMENT No. IX.—Showing the Cash Account of the Rangoon Lunatic Asylum for the year 1896.
Name of
asylum.
1
Rangoon Lunatic Asylum.
RECEIPTS.
Received from the treasury.
2
Rs. 36,615-11-0.
Received from paying patients.
3
Rs. 11,414-5-8.
Value of stores received from manufacturing depart¬
ment less cost of raw materials.
4
Rs. 4,400.
Book receipt, i.e., the total of expenditure entered in
columns 19, 20, and 21.
5
Rs. 44,519-8-10.†
Miscellaneous receipts.
6
Rs. 2,351-1-11.
Total.
7
Rs. 99,300-11-5.
CHARGES.
Establishment.
Establishment proper.
8
Rs. 10,641-4-0.
Superintendence.
9
Rs. 3,000.
Diet.
10
Rs. 19,779-14-4.
Clothing and bedding.
11
Rs. 966-5-6.
Bazaar medicines.
12
Rs. 84-6-4.
Contingencies.
Contingencies proper.
Repairs and maintenance.
Rates and taxes.
13
Rs. 2,143-12-10.
14
Nil.
15
Nil.
Remitted to treasury on account of paying patients,
&c.
16
Rs. 13,765-7-7.
Miscellaneous items.
17
Nil.
Total of columns 8 to 17.
18
Rs. 50,381-2-7.
Book charges.
Charges on account of work done by Public
Works Department.
19
Rs. 43,965-15-9
Cost of printed forms and stationery.
20
Nil.
Cost of English medicines and stores.
21
Rs. 4,953-9-1.*
Total of columns 18 to 21.
22
Rs. 99,300-11-5.
Remarks.
23
* Includes Rs. 434 for cloth supplied by Insein Jail and includes Rs. 4,400 value of manufactured articles made over to asylum for use.
† Excluding value of stores received from manufacturing department already credited in column 4.
APPENDICES.
xiii.
STATEMENT No. X.—Showing the sanctioned establishment of the Rangoon Lunatic
Asylum as it stood on the 31st December 1896.
Particulars of establishment.
Superintendent
...
...
...
...
Deputy Superintendent ... ... ...
Hospital Assistant ... ... ...
Overseer ... ... ... ...
Sub-Overseer
...
...
...
...
Chief warder ... ... ... ...
Head warder ... ... ... ...
Cow-keeper ... ... ... ...
Gardener ... ... ... ...
Barber ... ... ... ...
Warders ... ... ... ...
Sweepers ... ... ... ...
Number.
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
Thirty-four
6 at Rs. 16 each
13* at Rs. 14 each
15 at Rs. 12 each
Two at Rs. 13 each ...
Total...
Monthly wages.
Rs.
250
225
75
60
50
25
20
15
25
12
96
182
180
26
1,241
Daily average number of males ... ... ...
Daily average number of females ... ... ...
Proportion of overseers to males ... ... ...
Proportion of male warders to males... ... ...
Proportion of female warders to females ... ...
*Three of this number are female warders.
289.77
42.44
144.88
9.35
14.14
d
xiv.
APPENDICES.
STATEMENT No. XI.—Showing Receipts and Expenditure
on account of Manufactures
in the Rangoon Lunatic Asylum during the year 1896.
1
Name of asylum.
Rangoon Lunatic Asylum.
2
MEAN POPULATION.
Males.
289.77.
Females.
42.44.
Total.
332.21.
3
4
5
6
7
8
CREDITS.
Cash paid into the treasury dur-
ing the year for articles sold.
Rs. 2,351-1-11.
Value of manufactured goods
made over to the asylum for
asylum purposes.
Rs. 5,898-11-2.*
Value of raw materials in store
at the end of the year.
Nil.
Value of manufactured goods in
store at the end of the year.
Rs. 562-7-1.
Value of plant and machinery in
store at the end of the year.
Rs. 2,000.
Total credits.
Rs. 10,812-4-2.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
DEBITS.
Value of manufactured goods in
store on 1st January 1896.
Rs. 463-15-0.
Value of raw materials in store
on 1st January 1896.
Nil.
Value of plant and machinery in
store on 1st January 1896.
Rs. 2,000.
Raw materials purchased.
Rs. 822.
Contingencies of manufacture.
Nil.
All other charges.
Nil.
Total debits.
Rs. 3,285-15-0.
16
17
RESULTS.
Excess of credits or profit.
Rs. 7,526-5-2.
Excess of debits or loss.
Nil.
18
Remarks.
The approximate daily average number of
lunatics employed on manufactures was 104.
* Includes milk, vegetables, and firewood.
APPENDICES.
xv.
Abstract of Cash Account.
Name of asylum.
Rangoon Lunatic Asylum.
ESTABLISHMENT.
Total cost.
Rs. 13,641-4-0.
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 41-0-11.
DIET.
Total cost.
Rs. 19,779-14-4.
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 59-8-7.
CLOTHING AND BED-
----.
Total cost.
Rs. 1,400-5-6.*
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 4-3-5.
MEDICINES.
Total cost.
Rs. 203-15-5.†
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 0-9-9.
CONTINGENCIES.
Total cost.
Rs. 2,143-12-10.
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 6-7-2.
GRAND TOTAL.
Total cost.
Rs. 37,169-4-1.
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 111-14-2.
* Includes Rs. 434 value of cloth supplied from Insein Jail.
† Includes Rs. 119-9-1 value of English medicines adjusted by book transfer.
xvi.
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX A.
Remarks of the Asylum Visitors on the Asylum Annual Report for 1896.
AT the monthly meeting held on the 10th February the visitors learnt that the Annual
Report had been submitted without the customary remarks by them, which are now for-
warded.
The visitors have recommended that pumps be put up at each well in the Asylum,
firstly, to prevent lunatics attempting to commit suicide by throwing themselves down the
openings through which the water is now hauled up and, secondly, in order to release some
of the insanes for other work. Now that floriculture has been started, the ready supply of
water is becoming important. The visitors hope that at least one pump will be fitted
each year.
The visitors desire to record their appreciation of the zeal with which Surgeon-
Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas has overhauled the classification of the inmates, which has
resulted in a very material reduction of the population of the Asylum.
A. M. B. IRWIN,
Commissioner, Pegu Division.
W. T. HALL,
President, Rangoon Municipality.
HARRY L. TILLY,
Deputy Commissioner, Rangoon.
H. M. S. MATHEWS,
Deputy Commissioner,
Hanthawaddy.
R. MOORE,
Subdivisional Magistrate, Western Subdivision.
R. DAVIS, SURGEON-MAJOR, I.M.S.,
Superintendent, Central Jail, Rangoon.
C. BARRY, SURGEON-CAPTIAN, I.M.S.,
Secretary to the Inspector-General of Jails.
President.
Members.
G. B. C. P. O.—No. 762, B. S., 13-4-97—230.
REPORT
ON
THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1896.
RANGOON :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA.
1897.
[ Price,—Re. 0-12-0. ]
REPORT
ON
THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1897.
RANGOON :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING,
BURMA.
1898.
[Price,—Re. 0-12-0.]
REPORT
ON
THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1897.
RANGOON:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA.
1898.
RESOLUTION
ON THE
REPORT ON THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1897.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma, No. 9K.-8, dated the 1st April 1898.
READ—
Letter No. 1245-1R.—16, dated the 3rd February 1898, from the Inspector-General of Jails, with
Civil Medical Administration, Burma, forwarding the report on the Rangoon Lunatic Asylum
for the year 1897.
RESOLUTION.—During the year of report the appointment of Superintend-
ent of the Asylum was combined with that of Superintendent of the Rangoon
Central Jail. Increased efficiency of administration may be expected from this
arrangement, which had been long contemplated but could not conveniently be
carried out before. The establishment of the asylum remained the same as in
1896, but the Deputy Superintendent, a warrant medical officer, was re-called to
military duty in September 1897 on account of the frontier war, and no one could
be sent to replace him. The asylum was therefore without a Deputy Superintend-
ent for more than a quarter of the year.
2. The total capacity of the asylum in terms of accommodation is now 414
(inclusive of the hospital). The population at the close of 1897 was 342 as com-
pared with 319 on the 31st December 1896, but the daily average strength was
almost the same as in the preceding year and the maximum number in confine-
ment on any one day (348) was less than in that year (354). The accommodation
for criminal lunatics is fully taken up. It would have been ample but that 14
criminal lunatics, who had recovered and were sent to stand their trial, were
re-admitted under section 471 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The Lieutenant-
Governor does not propose to increase the accommodation for criminal lunatics at
present. The experience of the next few years will show whether such an in-
crease is really necessary. For civil lunatics the present accommodation is more
than sufficient. But it is observed that the number of admissions of civil lunatics
was much greater than usual. The attention of Magistrates will be invited to the
orders of the Government of India cited in paragraph 2 of the Resolution on the
Lunatic Asylum Report for 1895, indicating the classes of lunatics for whose
treatment the public asylums should be reserved. The statistics in paragraph 17 of
the present report show that the Superintendent of the asylum exercises discrimi-
nation in admitting supposed lunatics.
3. Action will be taken in the Public Works Department for the erection of
the additional day-sheds which are said to be required. But His Honour con-
siders that the expense of providing separate accommodation for European and
Eurasian females should be avoided if possible. The list in paragraph 19 shows
that there were, at the end of the year, only three inmates of this class. Proposals
should be submitted for their transfer to one of the asylums in India which are re-
served for Europeans and Eurasians.
RESOLUTION ON THE REPORT ON THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM FOR 1897.
3
ment for about 120 inmates per day, or 36 per cent. of the mean population, a
much higher proportion than in the previous year.
10. No mention has been made in the report of the audit of the asylum ac-
counts by the Inspector of Local Fund Accounts. The Lieutenant-Governor
regrets to record that the result was not satisfactory. Besides other minor irregu-
larities, it was found that sums received by the Superintendent were frequently
used to meet expenditure instead of being paid into the treasury. Now that the
errors and omissions have been pointed out, and that steps have been taken to
remedy them, it is hoped that the Superintendent will guard against their recur-
rence by a closer supervision of the accounts in the future.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor,
D. H. R. TWOMEY,
Offg. Secy., to the Government of Burma.
(
2
)
under clothing and bedding and medicines. Compared with the asylums in India
as per annexed table—
All India, 1896 ...
Rangoon, 1896 ...
Rangoon, 1897 ...
Establish-
ment.
Rs.
44
41
41
A.
6
0
15
P.
5
11
11
Diet.
Rs.
47
59
71
A.
12
8
15
P.
9
7
1
Clothing
and
bedding.
Rs.
4
4
4
A.
13
3
1
P.
10
5
3
Medicines.
Rs.
1
0
0
A.
5
9
3
P.
8
9
1
Total con-
tingencies.
Rs.
7
6
9
A.
2
7
9
P.
4
2
0
Grand total.
Rs.
105
111
127
A.
9
14
12
P.
0
2
5
Percentage
of deaths.
7.87
9.03
10.80
the cost in Burma in 1896 was less under every head except ' diet,' and in the
year under report the chief increase has again occurred under the same head.
An explanation of this excessive expenditure will be submitted when the enquiry
referred to above is concluded. The increase under contingencies as compared
with the average for India for 1896 is due to special circumstances which have
been explained in the report.
8. During the year the charge of the Asylum was combined with that of
the Rangoon Central Jail. This arrangement, it was hoped, would tend to make
both appointments more popular and thus minimise changes in Superintendents.
As the Superintendent of the Jail lives in close proximity to the Asylum the super-
vision of the latter was expected to be more thorough and effective. Working
the two institutions together will undoubtedly prove convenient and economical in
many ways.
The jail garden might be enlarged with advantage. There is considerable
expenditure every year on the purchase of vegetables for prisoners, and I incline
to think that all dairy operations both in the asylum and local jail should be trans-
ferred either to the reformatory or to the jail at Insein, in connection with either of
which ample land exists; and that the asylum compound should be converted into
a garden for the supply of vegetables to the prisoners as well as to the lunatics.
It would be less costly to bring in the daily requirements of milk from Insein than
to bring in vegetables.
ERRATUM.
IN paragraph 13, page 4, for the word " Civil" in the 5th and 6th lines read " Criminal."
REPORT
ON
THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1897.
Introductory remarks.—This asylum is governed by a committee of officials
who meet at the asylum once a month, and whose proceedings are carefully re-
corded.
The year has been one of steady progress. Unfortunately owing to the ur-
gent need of Medical Subordinates on the North-Western Frontier the Deputy
Superintendent, Mr. E. G. A. Prins, was recalled to military duty in September
1897, and no one could be spared to replace him. Some assistance was obtained by
utilising the services of the Jailor staff of the Rangoon Central Jail. This is at
the most only a make-shift as the services of a thoroughly trained and trustworthy
medical subordinate are urgently needed in such an institution as this. I hope
some arrangement may be arrived at by which the person, whoever does finally
fill the vacant post, will not be removed for some years. Any one whose training
and experience are simply those of the Assistant Surgeon's class has but little
opportunity of acquiring much knowledge of insanity, and it will only be by a
lengthened stay here he can be really a trained observer.
There were two cases of cholera during the past year, both proved fatal.
2. Situation, buildings, accommodation, &c.—The asylum is well situated
and the grounds fairly drained.
The accommodation available was increased by taking over of the new hos-
pital building. It could not be occupied as it was not sufficiently secure. This
is being remedied now and the building will come into use during 1898. Of the
defects noted the principal were that the bolting arrangements of all the doors
were useless against attempts to escape and the windows of the bath-rooms were
left unbarred.
Statement of accommodation available and the strength of the various classes of the
asylum population.
Accommodation
...
...
...
Population ... ... ...
Criminal
males.
154
154
Civil
males.
220
145
Females of
both classes.
40
43
Total.
414
342
As is noted in the report for 1896 further day shed accommodation is re-
quired ; the delay in their erection is due to want of funds.
2
REPORT ON THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM FOR THE YEAR 1897.
3. Water-supply.—The water-supply was satisfactory. The following table
gives the analysis:—
Distinguishing No. and
situation of well.
Well inside the new cri-
minal enclosure.
Well No. 23, No. 3 gar-
den.
Well No. 2 ...
Well No. 35 ...
Well No. 40 ...
Date of collection
of sample.
26th November
1897.
Ditto ...
(Not used for drink-
ing purposes.)
26th November
1897.
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
RESULT OF ANALYSIS.
Grains per gallon.
Solids.
6.6
9.4
4.0
12.0
6.0
Chlorine.
1.1
0.6
0.5
1.0
0.6
Parts per million.
Free
ammonia.
0.07
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.08
Albuminoid
ammonia.
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.0025
0.04
Remarks.
All the samples are of
good quality.
4. Conservancy and drainage.—This has been carried out as in previous
years. I had to bring to the notice of the Public Works Department that the
drainage could be somewhat improved by a few main drains. These would pre-
vent water lodging after a heavy fall of rain. As it stands now the surface water
lodges in large pools near the cook-house. This matter will be taken up when
funds are available.
5. Clothing and bedding.—This has been suitable and sufficient.
Statement of cost of clothing and bedding supplied during the last three years.
Year.
1895
...
1896
...
1897
...
Article.
Clothing ... ... ... ...
Bedding (blankets, mats, and pillows) ...
Clothing ... ... ... ...
Bedding (blankets, mats, and pillows) ...
Clothing ... ... ... ...
Bedding (blankets, mats, and pillows) ...
Expenditure.
Rs.
571
271
612
787
456
670
A.
13
0
9
12
10
2
P.
3
0
6
0
6
0
Total.
Rs.
842
1,400
1,126
A.
13
5
12
P.
3
6
6
The reduction is due to the less cost of the clothing of the warders and the
smaller purchase of blankets, gunnies, &c.
6. Diet.—The food supplied has been good and satisfactory. Some
changes have been effected in the scale in use to permit of a better check being
exercised. For the ordinary inmate in good health dhall was more freely used
instead of meat. Arrangements have been also made to have the food issued to
each man on the same lines as it is in the jail. This prevents scrambling and
enables those in charge to exercise an efficient check on favouritism and such
like.
Lunatics classed as convalescents received the following extras:—
Cost
...
...
Milk.
Rs.
621
A.
12
P.
8
Bread.
Rs.
456
A.
10
P.
6
Beef soup.
Rs.
770
A.
12
P.
3
Conjee.
Rs.
290
A.
0
P.
0
Jaggery.
Rs.
149
A.
3
P.
0
Total.
Rs.
2,288
A.
6
P.
5
The number in receipt of these extras was 17 per cent. of the total population.
Milk was more freely issued than during former years: in most cases it is
the only article the feeble digestion of the chronic insane can assimilate.
REPORT ON THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM FOR THE YEAR 1897.
5
14. Statement No. II shows the criminal population.—This has somewhat
increased during the past year, due principally to increased numbers sent to stand
their trial during 1896 and readmitted during 1897. The average daily popu-
lation of this class has risen from 144 to 157. The behaviour of this class has
been good ; in a few instances some tendency to violence has been evinced and
one or two minor assaults have occurred, but nothing serious.
15. The following statement shows the entire population divided into two
classes for the past ten years :—
Year.
1888 ...
1889 ...
1890 ...
1891 ...
1892 ...
1893 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1896 ...
1897 ...
1
RELATING TO THE ENTIRE
POPULATION
OF
THE
ASYLUM.
Remaining on 1st
January.
225
233
258
251
254
265
253
331
350
319
Admitted.
98
100
96
84
102
69
152
106
92
129
Discharged and
died.
90
75
103
81
96
81
74
87
123
106
Remaining on
31st December.
233
258
251
254
265
253
331
350
319
342
2
RELATING ONLY TO THE
CRIMINAL CLASSES OF THE
POPULATION.
Remaning on 1st
January.
77
92
99
93
92
81
84
154
163
154
Admitted.
38
31
14
6
19
18
85
39
32
48
Discharged and
died.
23
24
20
7
30
15
15
30
41
38
Remaining on
31st December.
92
99
93
92
81
84
154
163
154
164
3
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
COLUMNS 1 AND 2 WHICH
RELATES ONLY TO CIVIL
INSANES.
Remaining on 1st
January.
148
141
159
158
162
184
169
177
187
165
Admitted.
60
69
82
78
83
51
67
67
60
81
Discharged and
died.
67
51
83
74
61
66
59
57
82
68
Remaining on
31st December.
141
159
158
162
184
169
177
187
165
178
16. Out of 29 men whose transfer to India was recommended, only eight
were sent. None could be sent to the Madras Asylum as they were unable to
receive any. Three Upper Indians were discharged here and eight sent to various
asylums in Bengal and Upper India.
17. The following table shows the number of supposed insanes sent here
for report and observation. Of the 45 sent only 22 were finally admitted :—
Year.
1895 ...
1896 ...
1897 ...
Total number.
42
46
45
Number declared
insane and sub-
sequently
ad-
mitted.
36
24
22
Number released on
security, reported
sane, and otherwise
discharged.
6
22
23
Percentage of ad-
missions into
asylum (columns
2 and 3).
86
52
49
18. The following statement gives the particulars required by the footnote
to Statement II.
Year.
1897
Those tried and acquit-
ted on the ground of
insanity.
Male.
30
Female.
...
Total.
30
Those insane on admis-
sion and found to be
incapable of making
their defence.
Male.
11
Female.
1
Total.
12
Those who became in-
sane during imprison-
ment.
Male.
6
Female.
...
Total.
6
Total of all classes.
Male.
47
Female.
1
Total.
48
2