NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
Appx. XVI.
Vaccines and Sera.
1st
dose.
2nd
dose.
3rd
dose.
4th
dose.
5.
M.melitensis
—
1st course .
.
.
.
.
5 10 15 20 millions per c.c.
2nd course .
.
.
.
. 30 40 50 75
, ,
, ,
6. B.coli —
1st course .
.
.
.
.
10 25 50 100
, ,
, ,
2nd course .
.
.
.
. 200 300 400 500 „
„
7. Mi x e d s t a p h y l o c o c c u s a n d s t r e p t o c o c c u s —
1st course—
Staphylococcus .
.
.
. 100 200 400 800 „
„
Streptococcus .
.
.
.
10 25 50 100 „
„
2nd course—
Staphylococcus .
.
.
. 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 „
„
Streptococcus .
.
.
. 150 200 275 330 „
„
8. Mixed acne and staphylococcus
—
1st course—
Staphylococcus .
.
.
. 100 200 400 800 „
„
Acne
.
.
.
.
.
5 10 15 25
„ „
2nd course—
Staphylococcus .
.
.
. 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 „
„
Acne
.
.
.
. . 40 60 80 100 „
„
9. Mixed staphylococcus and gonococcu
s—
1st course—
Staphylococcus .
.
.
. 100 200 400 800 „
,,
Gonococcus
.
.
.
. 12. 5 25 50 100 „
, ,
2nd course—
Staphylococcus .
.
.
. 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,000
, , , ,
Gonococcus
.
.
.
. 200 300 400 500
, ,
, ,
0. Tuberculin (bacillary emulsion).
11. Pneumococcus (containing types I, II
and III of pneumococci in equal
proportions) .
.
.
.
.
5 10 25 50 „
„
12. Mixed M. catarrhalis
— 1st course—
Pneumococcus .
. .
.
10 20 30 50 „
„
B. pneumonia .
.
.
.
10 20 30 50
, ,
, ,
Staphylococcus .
.
.
.
50 100 150 200
„
„
M. catarrhalis .
.
.
.
10 20 30 50
„ „
B. influenza .
.
.
.
10 20 30 50 „
, ,
Streptococcus .
.
.
.
5 10 20 30 „
„
2nd course
—
Pneumococcus .
.
. .
70
8 0 90 100 „
, ,
B. pneumonia. .
.
.
.
70 80 90 100
„ „
Staphylococcus .
.
.
. 250 300 350 400 ,,
, ,
M. catarrhalis .
.
.
. 70 80 90 100
, , , ,
B. influenza .
.
.
.
70 80 90 100
„
, ,
Streptococcus .
.
.
.
40 50 60 70
„
„
13. Anti-rabic.
These vaccines are stocked in "courses", four graded doses com-
prising a "course", except in the case of Tuberculin, of which six
doses form a "course". Second courses of four larger doses each.
are stocked in the case of the following vaccines :—
1. Gonococcus.
2. Mixed gonococcus and staphylococcus.
3. B. coli.
4. Staphylococcus.
5. Streptococcus.
6. Mixed streptococcus and staphylococcus.
7. Mixed acne and staphylococcus.
8. M. melitensis, and
9. Mixed M. catarrhalis.
The other vaccines are not stocked in second courses.
234
Vaccines and Sera.
Appx.XVI.
Curative vaccines should therefore be indented for as " courses ",
i.e. , "1 course ", " 2 courses ", and so on (not as " tubes ", " capsules "
or " c.c. " or " doses "). If, however, additional stock doses beyond
the four which comprise a course are required, the indent should
state the number of extra doses (1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th) required over
and above the number of courses asked for, e.g., " 6 courses and 6
fourth doses ". Officers indenting for any of the vaccines of which
second courses are stocked should state on the indent whether they
require first or second courses or both, and specify the number of
each.
3. For diagnostic purposes.—Koch's old tuberculin is issued in
capillary tubes (for Von Pirquet's test), one capillary tube (marked
A) being enough for a patient. A capillary tube containing a control
solution (marked B) is issued together with each capillary tube of
tuberculin.
SERA.
4. The following anti-sera are imported and issued from the Central
Research Institute, Kasauli
:—
(1)anti-diphtheritic serum (2500 or 4000 units in each capsule).
(2)anti-tetanic serum 500 units or 1500 units in 3 c.c. capsules
or 8000 units in 10 c.c. capsules.
(3)anti-streptococcic serum in 10 c.c. capsules.
(4)anti-anthrax serum in 20 c.c. capsules.
(5)anti-dysenteric serum in 20 c.c. capsules.
(6)anti-meningococcic serum in 30 c.c. capsules.
(7)anti-meningococcic serum, high titre, agglutinating, for dia-
gnostic purposes.
The above sera will be indented for in ' capsules ' except anti-
diphtheritic serum, which will be indented for in ' units ' . A small
stock of high-titre antimeningococcus serum should be maintained
at each District Laboratory for diagnostic purposes. Indents should
be submitted to the Director, Central Research Institute, Kasauli,
for small quantities of—
(1)mixed serum—type I, II, and III.
(2)type I.
(3)type II.
In the case of anti-tetanic serum it should be stated on the indents
which size of capsules are required and containing how many units.
The date of manufacture and the date up to which the manufac-
turers guarantee the potency of the contents are marked on the pack-
ages containing the tubes or bottles ; any instance in which this has
not been done should be brought to the notice of the Director, Central
Research Institute, Kasauli:—
5. The following sera are manufactured at the Central Research
Institute, Kasaul
(1) anti-venene—in capsules containing 40 c.c. each. Infor-
mation regarding dosage, etc., is given in the printed
235
Appx. XVI.
Vaccines and Sera..
instructions issued by the Central Research Institute,
Kasauli, for the use of this serum, and the label on the
phial bears the date of manufacture, from which the
date of expiry can be calculated on the basis of the in-
structions contained in para. 6 below.
(2) normal horse serum—in capsules of 20 c.c. each.
6. Time limits.—The time limits and conditions under which,
vaccines and sera may be used are as follows : —
VACCINES.
(i) Prophylactic vaccine may he used as noted below :—
T.A.B. . .
. 6 months.
From date of manufacture.
Cholera . .
. 6 months.
Plague
. .
. 18 months.
(ii) Curative vaccines should not be used after three months from
the date of manufacture.
SERA.
( i) Anti-tetanic, anti-diphtheritic and anti-dysenteric may be
used—
(a) for 18 months beyond expiry date with 20 per cent. addition
to the dose,
(b) from 18 months to 5 years beyond expiry date with 30 per
cent. addition to the dose provided that the anti-sera are
stored in the ice chest.
(ii) Anti-streptococcic serum May be used for one year beyond
expiry date with 25 per cent,
increase to the dose.
(iii)Anti-venene
(iv) Other sera should not be used beyond date of expiry. Vac-
cines and sera which become time-expired after the periods men-
tioned above should be written off and the bottles, capsules, etc.,.
should not be returned to the source of supply.
STANDARD AGGLUTINABLE CULTURES AND HIGH-TITRE. SERA.
7. Standard agglutinable cultures and the corresponding high-
titre sera are prepared at, and will be obtained from, the Enteric
Convalescent Depot Laboratory, Kasauli.
WASSERMANN REAGENTS.
8. The following re-agents for the Wassermann test are prepared
at, and will be obtained from, the Southern Command Laboratory
Poona :—
(1) Antigen (heart-cholesterin extract).
(2) Amboceptor (rabbit-sheep serum).
236
Sanitary reports.
Appx. XVII.
APPENDIX XVII.
SANITARY REPORTS.
The following paragraphs are intended for the guidance of officers
preparing special sanitary reports.
Initial reports on freshly-occupied areas, new stations, or pro-
posed camp sites for long occupation, should be as complete as possible
and should be accompanied by maps, plans, sketches or photographs,
so that full information may be filed for future reference.
Subsequent reports need not repeat details which remain con-
stant, but should deal with all matters deemed to bear upon pre-
valent diseases or to conduce to increased physiological efficiency.
Reports covering matters referred to in B (2) ( e) (Schools) should be
forwarded with the remarks, if any, of the General Staff concerned.
Subject-matters are grouped hereunder as follows :
—
A. INITIAL REPORTS.
(1) Newly-occupied districts.
(2) New sites proposed for occupation.
B. SUBSEQUENT REPORTS.
(1) Matters generally applicable to occupied areas.
(2) Matters specially applicable to areas occupied by buildings
(a) General.
(b) Barracks.
(c) Married quarters.
(d) Hospitals.
(e) Schools.
(3) Matters specially applicable to camps.
A. INITIAL REPORTS.
1. Reports on newly-occupied districts.
(a) Physical and political geography.—Physical features ; climate,
flora and fauna, including entomology ; racial distribution ; social
institutions and conditions, etc.
(b) Geology.—Data readily available regarding nature and trend
of principal strata..
(c) Food.—Staple and accessory foodstuffs.
(d) Water.—Distribution ; annual fluctuations ; and (if possible)
sub-soil levels.
(e) Conservancy.—Administration and organisation (if any) ;
methods in use.
237
Appx. XVII.
Sanitary reports.
(f)Public health service (if any ).—Administrators' names and
addresses ; water purification and supply ; epidemic and endemic-
diseases ; means for dealing with infectious diseases ; hospital accom
modation, disinfecting plant. In the case of ports—quarantine
arrangements.
2. Reports on new sites proposed for occupation.
(a)Topography.—Physical configuration ; slope ; aspect ; vege-
tation ; water courses ; soil ; drainage ; adjacent houses and villages.
(b)Climate.—Altitude ; temperatures ; rainfall ; humidity ; pre-
veiling winds.
(c)Water.—Existing supplies
—sources ; quality ; quantity and
possible augmentation of yield ; possible sources of contamination.
Facilities for protection, purification, gravitation and storage.
(d)Conservancy.—Defects existent ; methods recommended and
facilities for carrying them out.
(e)Epidemiology.—Local diseases ; conditions inimical to health
and physiological resistance of a garrison.
B. SUBSEQUENT REPORTS.
1. Matters of general applicability to occupied areas.
Attention to the following points should form part of a complete
sanitary survey, but reports need not deal with matters which are
unchanged or do not require further consideration.
(a)Site.—Dampness—surface and sub-soil drainage ; dust—
means of allaying. Mosquito-breeding areas.
(b)Climatic conditions.—Temperatures, rainfall, humidity and
winds during period under report.
(c)Accommodation.—Buildings or other shelters—description ;
location ; condition ; dampness ; cleanliness (interior and surround-
ing) ; adequacy of protection against extremes of temperature ; ven-
tilation ; lighting ; adequacy in relation to actual occupants and
authorised scales (space allotment, convenience and general com-
fort).
(d)Water supply.—Source ; quality ; quantity ; single or dual
supply; purification (methods and results) ; distribution (continuous
or intermittent, etc.) ; storage (position, protection and cleaning of
receptacles), where necessary—cooling ; prevention of mosquito-
breeding.
(e)Food.—Storage ; distribution ; cooking (quality, variety and
facilities) ; service ; system of messing ; kitchens, preparation rooms
and sculleries—cleanliness ; methods of waste-disposal ; prevalence
of flies and dust ; protection from flies and dust ; measures against
flies ; facilities for washing up ; cleaning implements and materials
(soap, soda, burnt scouring-sand, towels, cloths, scrubbing-brushes) ;
238
Sanitary reports.
Appx. XVII.
disinfectants. Cooks—health ; medical history ; personal cleanli-
ness ; provision of basins, soap, nail-brush and towel ; white clothing-
proficiency in cooking.
Bakeries, abattoirs, meat-stores, ration-stores, canteens, messes,
dining-rooms, supply-bars, institutes, mineral-water factories—health.
and supervision of employees, etc. ; cleanliness ; fly exclusion ; ade-
quacy of utensils (cooking and service) ; water supply.
(f) Supplies.—( i ) Rations.—Nature and composition ; quantity ;
quality ; variety ; protection against contamination ; routine inspec-
tion.
(ii) Accessory supplies.—Milk and butter—source ; condition of
dairies and animals ; cleanliness of methods ; health and supervision
of employees ; quality (chemical and bacteriological).
Fruit and vegetables—source ; quality ; quantity ; variety ; fresh
or preserved.
Aerated water—source ; purity of water used ; conditions of manu-
facture ; cleansing of bottles, stoppers, and hands of attendants.
Other foods and beverages—quality ; variety.
Canteen stores—quality ; variety.
Disinfectants—quantity ; quality.
Fly preventatives.
(g) Personal hygiene.—Clothing and bedding—suitability ;
suffi-ciency ; fitting ; condition ; changing interval ; stuffing of mattresses
and bolsters if adequate, and properly teased ; pillow slips , if in use ;
marking of blankets with regimental numbers, or, if at depôts, in
sets ; night clothing cleanliness ; freedom from vermin ; washing
arrangements ; drying arrangements ; condition and method of use
of mosquito-nets and other means of protection.
Personal cleanliness—ablution and bathing (frequency and regi-
mental control) ; freedom from vermin ; use of tooth-brush.
Barber's shop—cleanliness ; disinfection of utensils.
Care of feet—fitting and condition of boots and socks ; fitness for
marching ; chiropody.
Moral and mental welfare—recreation facilities (indoor and out-
door) ; education facilities ; intemperance (prevalence, counter-attrac-
tions) ; venereal disease (prevalence, opportunities for acquirement,
facilities for prophylaxis and anti-venereal propaganda).
Physical training—condition of recruits ; routine medical inspec-
tions, graduation of exercises to development of individual recruits ;
use of development charts in gymnasia, showing age, progress in
weight, chest girth and height.
Work of troops—nature ; amount ; ratio of nights in bed to nights
on duty ; hours of work (in hot climates especially).
(h) Conservancy.—Human excreta—methods of disposal
.
(i)
239
Appx. XVII.
Sanitary reports.
Latrines and urinals—description ; location (especially in rela-
tion to kitchens and water sources) ; condition ; night lighting ; post-
ing of sanitary orders and orderlies ; latrine paper ; methods of fly
destruction.
Manure—position and condition of horse lines ; prevalence, breed-
ing and destruction of flies ; methods of disposal.
Other solid refuse (including carcases)—methods of collection
and disposal.
Incinerators—type ; working methods ; condition of incinerators
and surroundings ; completeness of combustion ; freedom of ashpits
from unburnt organic matter ; absence of fly larvæ from neighbour-
hood of the incinerators.
Sullage—method of collection and disposal ; suitability and
cover-ing of the receptacles used.
Flies—exclusion from matter which is infective or which afford
them breeding facilities.
(i) Sickness.—Numbers sick (including those treated in barracks)
to the total strength, shown as rates per 1,000.
Infectious diseases—methods of control ; isolation of cases and
contacts ; disinfection facilities and routine.
In the event of there being a relative excess of any special diseases,
their nature and prevalence should be stated, and detailed results of
investigation and remedial action should be given.
(j) Sanitary and water-duty personnel.—Establishment ; strength ;
duties ; training ; efficiency ; arrangements for maintaining trained
reserves.
2. Matters especially applicable to areas occupied by buildings.
(a) General.—Buildings—access of light and air ; exclusion of
ground air ; dryness.
Living rooms—space (cubic, floor and linear) per occupant by
day and by night ; ratio of glass area to floor area.
Kitchens, preparation rooms and sculleries—facilities for pre-
paration of vegetables and other foods and for cooking and washing
up ; provision of sinks, racks and hot water.
Drainage—system (separate or combined) ; connections and
outfalls.
Rain and surface waters—condition of roofs and conduits ; dis-
connection ; condition of gullies ; efficiency of traps.
Sullage water—disconnection ; efficiency of traps.
Soil pipes—construction ; dimensions ; position ; ventilation ;
efficiency of W.C. traps ; provision of anti-siphonage ; inspection
eyes at junction with drains.
Drains—course ; construction ; dimensions ; gradients ; position
of inspection chambers ; ventilation ; cleanliness ; flushing ; discon-
nection from sewer ; results of tests (water, smoke or chemical).
240
Sanitary reports.
Appx. XVII.
Conservancy, Sewage disposal—system in use ; description of
installation ; management ; efficiency, as indicated by characters and
analyses of final effluent.
Refuse disposal—receptacles ; collection (interval and disposal) ;
storage ; exclusion of flies.
(b)
Barracks.—Guard and barrack detention rooms—space ; ven-
tilation ; lighting ; heating ; bedding ; sanitary conveniences.
Dining rooms—seating accommodation ; floor space per man ;
organization for food service.
Messing—system ; variety ; condition of food service.
Swimming bath—provision and use of preliminary shower baths
provision of urinals ; condition of water (frequency of changing and
means adopted for purification) ; towels ; disposal of foul water.
Gymnasium—condition and training of recruits ; ablution facili-
ties ; development charts.
(c)
Married quarters.—Accommodation—sufficiency in regard to
- total strength and to size of individual families ; spaces provided
(day and night) ; facilities for separation of girls from boys at night
cupboard accommodation in bedrooms and living rooms, W.C. accom-
modation.
Cooking facilities ; provision of larder and coal store.
Bathing facilities.
Laundry and drying facilities—provision and purity of
rain-water.
Fuel—adequacy of issues.
Food, clothing, and essential expenses.
Children—physical and physiological condition, with special re-
ference to diet (total calorie value, proximate principles and acces-
sory food factors (vitamins)) ; provision of playgrounds and sheds.
(d)
Hospitals.—Accommodation—ratio of beds to strength (gene-
ral, special departments, infectious, families) ; situation ; descrip-
tion ; condition ; space per occupant of wards (cubic, floor and linear
wall space) ; ventilation ; heating ; ratio of glass area to floor area.
Annexes—position ; adequacy ; fittings ; condition.
Infectious cases—isolation ; disinfection (facilities and arrange-
ments).
(e) Schools.—Accommodation—sufficiency in relation to strength ;
situation ; description ; condition ; space per scholar (cubie and
floor) ; ventilation ; warming lighting ; ratio of glass area to floor
area, direction of fall of light upon desks ; latrines and urinals (type,
sufficiency, percentages for each sex, supply of latrine paper) ; play-
ground adequacy ; provision of hat and clothes pegs (sufficiency
and individual allotment) ; ablution facilities (basins, soap and
towels) ; drinking water (supply by jet with a ring to prevent appli-
cation of mouth to nozzle, exclusion of cups for common use).
241
Appx. XVII.
Sanitary reports.
Fittings—provision of suitable desks (adjustable as regards height
of desks and foot rests, suitable slope of desk, backrests, adjustment
of direction so that light comes from the scholars' left side and glare
in their eyes is avoided).
Lessons—nature of type in which school books are printed,
f r e - q u e n t c h a n g e o f s u b j e c t ; a v o i d a n c e o f l o n g h o u r s ; f r e q u e n t i n t e r v a l s
for play.
Games and physical training—provision ; organization ; covered
sheds for wet days ; playground surface.
Scholars—physical condition ; physiological condition ; teeth
sight ; cleanliness ; infective dermatitis ; standard of intelligence
for age.
3. Matters especially applicable to camps.
(a) Topography—features ; size of area in relation to strength in
occupation.
(b) Accommodation—type of tents ; drying tents ; overcrowding ;
location of cookhouses ; dining and recreation tents ; flooring ; ex-
cess of dust ; damp and surface drainage ; airing by day ; ventilation
at night ; periodical change of tent sites ; protection of occupants
against temperature extremes ; cleanliness ; freedom from disease-
vectors.
(c)
Conservancy.—(1) Human excreta—location of latrines, uri-
nals and excreta disposal areas, in relation to water courses, kitchens,
etc., type of latrines and urinals in use ; method of disposal of ex-
creta.
(2) Sullage—condition and covering of receptacles ; efficiency of
grease-traps ; condition of soak pits.
(3) Manure and litter—position and condition of horselines ;
prevalence, breeding and destruction of flies ; methods of disposal.
Water—Existing supplies—sources ; quality ; quantity and pos-
sible augmentation of yield ; possible sources of contamination.
Facilities for protection, purification, gravitation and storage.
242
243
T e l e g r a p h i c c o d e r e . i n f e c t i o u s d i s e a s e s .
APPENDIX XVIII.
TELEGRAPHIC CODE.
To be used in reporting cases of infectious diseases amongst troops families or followers.
For form of telegram see Section. XI, paragraph 517.
When there is no telegraph station, the message should be sent by post to the nearest telegraph station.
No. of
cases.
CASES.
DEATHS.
IN BARRACKS OR LINES.
IN CAMP.
IN FORT.
IN BARRACKS, LINES, CAMP OR FORT.
British.
Indian.
—
British.
Indian.
British.
Indian
No. of
deaths.
British.
—
Indian.
1 Ball . . Lamp . . Calm . . Paddy
. Faint . . Rat.
1 Dark . . Salmon.
2 Bane . . Lantern . Cat . . Play . . Farm . . Rare.
2 Dean . .
System.
3 Bath . . Lawful
. Cist . . Plump
. Feat . . Ruth.
3 Dew . . Solid.
4 Bear . . Lead . . Corn . . Plaster . Feel . . Ruddy.
4 Dial .
. Safe.
5 Belt . . Lift . . Curt . . Pile . . Final . . Rice.
5 Dive . . Sound.
6 Bilk . . Linger
. Cycle . . Pride . . Foil
. . Road.
6 Door . . Salute.
7 Block . . Log . . Club . . Pink . . Futile . . Riot.
7 Dull . . Singer.
8 Bole . . Lower . . Chill . . Paste
. Fluid . . Review.
8 Dread . . Smile.
9 Breath. . Luton . . Cry . . Peter . . Fright
. Ration.
9 Droop . . Scatter.
10 Bud
. .
. Lyric .
. Cramp
. Pudding . Fry . . Rusty.
10 Dwell . . Sight.
A p p x . X V I I I
Num-
ber.
STATUS.
OFFICERS.
OTHER RANKS.
WOMEN.
CHILDREN.
FOLLOWERS.
British.
Indian.
British.
Indian.
British.
Indian.
British.
Indian.
1 Oil .
. Tar .
. Man .
. Native
. Wail .
. Goal .
. Yarn
. Hall
. Amber.
2 Ocean .
. Trumps
. Mart .
. Nave .
. Ward .
. Gaiety
. Yellow . High
. Aims.
3 Offer .
Taste .
. Mend .
. Near .
. Weak .
. Guide .
. Yet .
. Hollow . Avoid.
4 Olive .
Tide .
. Metre .
. Never .
. Wine .
. Gist .
. Yield
. Half
. Alloy.
5 Omen . .
Tiffin .
. Mix .
. Nibble
. Wood .
. Grand .
. Yoke
. Host
. Aaron.
6 Option.
. Tub .
. Musk .
. Nile .
. Worn .
. Globe .
. Yonder . Hamper . Absent.
7 Octave
. Twinkle . Mute .
. Nod .
. White .
. Great .
. Youth . Haughty . Adore.
8 Otter .
. Teeth .
. Mean .
. Note .
. Wrath
. Germ .
. Yacht . Hump . Acrated.
9 Oblong
. Tweed
. Mortal
. Normal
. Wreck
. Glitter
. Yeast
. Haven . Ahead.
10 Oyster
. Tool .
. Market
. Nut .
. Wrong
. Gorge .
. Yardley . Hinges . Account.
Disease prevalent in bazar ‗
Bazaar.
,,
,, „ city
‗ City.
„
,, „ district ‗ District.
Report follows by post
‗ Packet.
Specimen message.
Same message in code.
(a) Smallpox.
(a) Smallpox.
(b) Thirteenth.
(b) Thirteenth.
(c) Four British cases and one Indian case in barracks—one British
officer Lieutenant Jones 1st Gloucesters, three British other
ranks 2nd Bedfords one Indian woman 2-18th Garhwalis.
(c) Bear lamp—oil Lieutenant Jones 1st Gloucesters mend 2nd Bed
fords, goal 2-18th Garhwalis.
(d) One death Indian—woman 2-18th Garhwalis.
(d) Salmon-goal 2-18th Garhwalis.
(e) Thirty cases eleven deaths.
(e) Cases thirty deaths eleven.
Moved into camp ‗ Tented.
Camp shifted
‗ Shifted.
All necessary pre
cautions taken ‗ Precaution.
T e l e g r a p h i c c o d e r e . i n f e c t i o u s d i s e a s e s .