NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
6
Two feet of sand is thus probably the thinnest layer which should be employed and
if no more than this is used, fresh sand would need to be added after each scraping.
In practice 2 feet 6 inches or even 3 feet of sand may be used so as to allow for
periodical scraping but the scrapings should not be allowed to reduce the sand
below 2 feet. If less than 2 feet be used, scour action seems to take place and
the filtering skin, being inadequately supported, ruptures or does not form
properly. Experiments were tried again this year to determine the maximum
head that could be safely used with sand filters. Repeatedly successful results
were got with filtering heads up to 36 inches. This is a farther proof of the
strength and. reliability of the film deposited from pre-sedimented water. In
1916 when the films were deposited from unsedimented water, they always burst
when heads over 24 inches were employed.
The Mechanical Filters could not be experimented with this year as it was
not possible to get the materials for altering them out from England.
Chlorogen.—At the instance of the District Medical and Sanitary Officer,
Vizagapatam, the sterilizing properties of this material were tried on Adyar river
and King Institute well water. It is a proprietary article for which great claims
have been made. It was found to be without any sterilizing properties whatever.
It is probably a substance containing some hypochlorite, but these salts are very
unstable. So they must be used in a fresh condition.
During the year a Committee consisting of the Surgeon-General with the
Government of Madras, the Sanitary Commissioner, and the Sanitary Engineer
for Madras, was appointed to investigate the condition of the Madras City Water
Supply. At its request a large number of samples of water were examined, but the
work is still in progress and no report has been made as yet.
TABLE I.
Nature of examination.
Number of samples.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
Chemical analyses . . .
498
277
498
321
419
Bacteriological examinations . . . I634
617
1,103
1,360
826
Table I shows the number and kinds of examination of water samples carried
out during the year. Of the 826 samples examined bacteriologically, 540 were
from the Experimental Filters at Guindy, 124 were from mufassal water-works,
wells and ærated water factories, and 162 were from the Madras City Water
Supply.
Specimens sent for examination. —There was a large increase amounting to
35 per cent in the number of specimens of pathological and other materials sent
to the laboratory for examination. Table II gives a classification of these and the
nature of the examination required.
TABLE II.
Serial
number.
Description of specimens.
Number of
positive
results.
Number of
negative
results.
Total
number
examined.
Remarks.
1
Plague, human . . .
77
118
195 Peripheral blood 35 ; putrefactive
organisms 5.
2
Do. animal . . .
127
149
276
Putrefactive organisms 45.
3
Blood for Widal's test . . .
388
222
610
(i) 228 positive (1 in 96); (ii) 160
positive (1 in 32) but negative
(1 in 96).
4
Paratyphoid A . . .
. . .
184
184
5
Do. B . . .
14
170
184 (i) 4 positive (1 in 96); (ii) 10 posi-
tive (1 in 32) but negative (1
in 96).
9
Rideal-Walker co-efficient, soap nuts for estimation of cleansing power, oil cake
for determination of its manurial value and a number of others.
Water samples for the detection of cholera-like vibrios showed a fivefold increase
and 14 per cent showed the presence of such vibrios.
Barker's Stovaine solution for spinal Anæsthesia was not in demand this year
which seems a pity, as very good results were reported from its use.
A new material in the shape of pessaries containing active lactic acid pro--
ducing bacilli for the purpose of inhibiting infective vaginal discharges was issued
in some quantity. A report on the results obtained following the use of these will
be awaited with interest.
TABLE III.
N u m b e r .
Date of
despatch.
Number
of
preg-
nancy.
History of former
pregnancies.
Notes of
fœtus.
Remarks.
Result of
examination.
1916.
1
9th Oct. . . .
Fifth . . . All natural . . .
Macerated . . .
Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in fair numbers.
2
20th ,,. . .
First . . .
Nil . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in large numbers.
3 20th ,, . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Negative.
4 10th Nov. . . .
Fourth.
Previous deliveries natu-
ral.
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
5
13th ,, . . .
Ninth.
All natural . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
6
4th Dec. . . .
First . . .
Nil . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
7
4th ,, . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do. . . . Patient had an
abortion at sixth
month of preg
-
nancy.
Do.
8
6th ,, . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Do.
9
16th ,, . . .
Fourth.
All natural at home . . .
Still-born ;
not mace-
rated.
Patient markedly
anæmic ; has car
-
diac failure and
general anasarca.
Do.
10 19th ,, . . .
First . . .
Nil . . .
Macerated . . . Nil
Do.
11 22nd ,, . . .
1917.
Third.
All natural at home . . .
Immature
baby which
had bleed -
ing from
nose and
mouth half
an hour be -
fore it died.
The baby
is one of
twins.
Nil . . .
Do.
12
2nd Jan. . . .
Fifth . . .
All natural . . . Macerated . . . Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in very large num
-
bers.
13
5th ,,. . .
First . . .
Nil . . .
Do. . . . Woman is an old
Primipara aged 35.
Negative.
14
8th ,, . . .
Second.
First natural at home . . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Do.
15
8th ,,. . .
Fifth . . .
. . .
Do. . . . No history of
syphilis.
Do.
16
9th ,,. . .
First . . .
Nil . . .
Do. . . .
D o .
Do.
17
19th ,,. . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Still-born
. . . Patient has got
grave anæmia.
Do.
18
26th ,,. . .
Fifth . . . First child still-born;
second and third born
alive but second lived
only for eight months
after birth; fourth
child still-born.
Macerated . . . Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in fair numbers.
19
27th ,, . . .
Do. . . . First child lived for a
year and four months;
second and third pre -
maturely born and did
not live; fourth is alive
and now two years of
age.
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Negative.
20
6th Feb. . . .
Second.
First still-born . . .
Do. . . .
Patient is extreme-
ly anæmic.
Do.
21.
13th ,,. . .
Fifth . . . Previous four labours
natural.
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
22
13th ,, . . .
Third . . . Both natural . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
23
14th ,, . . .
Do. . . . The two previous ones
were still-births.
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Spirochætes presen
in fair numbers.
2
10
TABLE III—cont.
N u m b e r . Date of
despatch.
Number
of
prep-
nancy.
History of former
pregnancies.
Notes of
fœtus.
Remarks.
Result of
examination.
24
1917.
Fourth. All three natural . . . Macerated . . . Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in large numbers.
14th Feb. . . .
25 28th "
. . . Second. Natural in this hospital,
but a still-birth.
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Negative.
26
5th March . . . Seventh. All natural; first in this
hospital and the rest at
home.
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in large numbers.
27 12th " . . . Second. Natural at home . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in fair numbers.
28 17th " . . . Eighth. Three macerated fœtuses
and four natural.
Do. . . .
Nil...
Negative.
29 24th " . . . First . . . Nil . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
30 24th " . . . Third . . . Both natural at home . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
31 31st " . . . Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Spirochætes numer
-ous.
32 10th May . . . Not
known.
Not known . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Negative.
33 10th " . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
but scanty.
34
5th June . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
35
9th " . . . Third . . . First abortion; second
still-born.
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in fair numbers.
36
2nd July . . . Not
known.
Not known . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Negative.
37
5th " . . .
Do.
Do. . . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Do.
38 26th " . . . Second.
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
39 27th " . . . Not
known.
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Do.
40 28th " . . .
Do.
Do. . . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Negative.
41
3rd Aug. . . .
Do.
Do. . . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
(scanty).
42
3rd " . . . Do.
Do. . . . Twin mace-
rated f
æ-
tuses.
Nil . . .
Negative.
43 14th " . . . Do.
Do. . . . Macerated . . . Nil . . .
Do.
44 6th Sep. . . . Do.
Do. . . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Do.
45 13th " . . . Do.
Do. . . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Do.
46 15th " . . .
Do.
Do. . . .
Do. . . . Nil . . .
Spirochætes present
in fair numbers.
47 17th " . . . Do.
Do.
Do. . . .
Nil . . .
Negative.
Table III shows in detail the result of the examination of 47 macerated and
still-born fœtuses. Thirty per cent of them showed the presence of the organism
of syphilis (Tryponema pallidum). When it is considered how very evanescent
these organisms are and how difficult is the process of demonstrating them, it is
more than likely that a much larger percentage of these still-births were due to
syphilis.
Vaccine Therapy and Prophylactic Inoculation .—There was a remarkable
increase in the number of doses of bacterial vaccines sent out, the nearly doubled
fi gure of 1916 bei ng i n i t s t urn nearl y t rebl ed i n 1917. Nearl y t wo-t hi rds of t he
total were for prophylactic inoculation and the greater part of this was supplied to
the Military authorities. Table IV shows the annual issue of these vaccines for
the past five years.
TABLE IV.
Number of doses sent out.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
Autogenous vaccines . . .
1,396
1,151
773
854
979
Stock vaccines . . .
5,691
5,830
6,285
12,723
34,473
Total . . .
7,087
6,981
7,058
13,577
35,452
12
A larger number, than in previous years, of medical men from up-country
stations availed themselves of autogenous vaccines by sending cultures made by
themselves through the medium of the post. The success with which they made
the cultivations for transmission to this Institute and administered the respective
vaccines sent to them, testifies to the increasing interest evinced by them in this
branch of therapeutics.
Sera from the Lister Institute were stocked as usual in the refrigerating
chamber and issued to hospitals and medical men. Antivenene was the only
serum obtained from the Kasauli Central Research. Laboratory. On account of
the war the supply of sera from the Lister Institute was irregular and now and
then failed to meet the demands. To meet the surplus demand, purchases had to
be made from the Bombay Agencies of Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome & Co. and
Messrs. Parke, Davis & Co. Table VII gives details of these issues which show a.
falling off as compared with last year. Perhaps this may have been due to the
fact that we often had to hold over the completion of an indent for a few days.
TABLE VII.
N u m b e r .
Name of serum.
Stock on hand
on 1st January
1917.
Received
during the
year.
Sent out
during the
year.
Balance on
hand on 1st
January 1918.
1 Anti-streptococcus serum . . .
98
330
323
105
2 Anti-tetanic serum . . .
102
270
371
1
3 Anti-diphtheritic serum . . .
47
124
134
37
4 Anti-dysenteric serum . . .
3
. . . 21
14
5 Anti-venomous serum . . .
5
18
13
10
6 Coley's fluid . . .
29
. . .
9
20
Total . . .
316
742
871
187
Very large quantities of veterinary sera and products were stocked in the
cold room for the Veterinary Department and issued to the touring and other
veterinary officers on indent.
A week's course of instruction in the method of manufacture, preservation and
use of calf vaccine was given to candidates undergoing training for the B.S.Sc.
degree and for Second-class Health Officers' diplomas. Four candidates attended
the course and all of them secured pass marks in the written examination held at
the end of the course.
Senior Grade Civil Assistant Surgeon C. M. Tirumudiswami Pillai, L.M. & s.,
was on reserve duty at the Institute from 1st to 19th March 1917 previous to
his being posted to the Government Lunatic Asylum. Lieutenant M. P. K. Menon,
I.M.S., was, at the request of the Deputy Director of Medical Services, Ninth
Division, Wellington, allowed to attend the Institute from October 1917 for
instruction in the examination of bacteriological specimens.
Four Assistant Surgeons were instructed in the technique of anti-plague
vaccination preliminary to their being sent out on plague inoculation duty.
The largely increased volume of work which was successfully pushed through
in the face of difficulties reflects the greatest credit on all concerned.
THE KING INSTITUTE OF
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, GUINDY,
6 th February 1918.
F. MAITLAND GIBSON, M.B., B.SC.,
Director.
Government
of Madras
LOCAL & MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENT (LOCAL)
G.O. No. 319 L., 4th March 1918
Report
Recording the — on the working of the Micro-Biological Section of the King Institute,
Guindy, for the year 1917.
READ—the following paper:—
Letter—from Major W. A. JUSTICE, M.B.,C.M., D.P.H., I.M.S., Sanitary Commissioner
for the Government of Madras.
To—the Secretary to Government, Local and Municipal Department.
Dated—Madras, the 20th February 1918.
No.—D. 567/S.
I have the honour to forward herewith two printed copies of the report on the
working of the Micro-Biological Section of the King Institute, Guindy, for the year
1917.
2. Experiments in connexion with the sand and mechanical filters at the King
Institute, Guindy, are still going on and the committee appointed in G.O. No.
1042 W., dated 21st May 1914, met recently and examined the results so far obtained.
They have decided to apply to Government for a continuation of the experiments for-
another year. The Government will be separately addressed shortly on the subject.
Order—No. 319 L., dated 4th March 1918.
Recorded.
(True extract)
R. A. GRAHAM,
Acting Secretary to Government.
To the Sanitary Commissioner.
„
Surgeon-General.
„ Sanitary Engineer.
„ Local and Municipal Department (Medical Section).
„ Assistant Quartermaster-General, 9th (Secunderabad) Division (with C. L.).
ON THE
WORKING OF THE MICRO-BIOLOGICAL SECTION
OF THE KING INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE,
GUINDY
FOR THE YEAR 1918
( WITH APPENDIX).
MADRAS: P R I N T E D B Y T H E S U P E R I N T E N D E N T , G O V E R N ME N T P R E S S .
1919.
For official use only.
REPORT ON THE WORKING OF THE MICRO-BIOLOGICAL SECTION
OF THE KING INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE,
GUINDY, FOR THE YEAR 1918.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Report on the working of the Micro-Biological Section by Dr. F. Maitland Gibson, M.B.,
B.sc., Director
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PAGE
I
APPENDIX.—Notes on Vaccine Therapy by Dr. M. Kesava Pai, M.D. , Acting Assistant
Director
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II
4
attained to in 1914. Table V gives a classification of these and the nature of the
examination required. 1,169 of these were collected from Madras, chiefly from
State Hospitals by Assistant Surgeon S. Ramakrishna Ayyar who was in charge
of the specially equipped motor-car.
TABLE V.
Serial
number.
Description of specimens.
Number of
positive
results.
Number of
negative
results.
Total
number
examined.
Remarks.
1 Plague, human . . .
65
100
165
12 peripheral blood and 3 putrefactive
organisms.
2
Do. animal . . .
86
212
298
50 putrefactive organisms.
3
Blood for Widal's test . . .
245
423
668
113 positive 1 in 96 and 132 positive
1 in 32 but negative 1 in 96.
4
Do.
Paratyphoid A . . .
. . .
110
110
5
Do.
do.
B . . .
6
103
109
Positive 1 in 32 but negative 1 in 96.
6
Do.
Wassermann reaction
295
551
846
7
Do.
Malta fever . . .
. . .
3
3
8
Do.
malarial parasites . . .
63
472
535
9
Do. leucocytosis . . .
1
8
9
10
Do.
differential count . . .
. . .
. . .
11
11
Blood and blood cultures for
Kala-Azar.
3
14
17
12
Blood for filaria . . .
. . .
7
7
13
Blood in taurocholate medium
for typhoid.
. . .
31
31
14
Sputa for tubercle bacilli . . .
9
79
88
15
Urine
do. . . .
. . .
1
1
16
Discharges for gonococci . . .
25
48
73
17
Specimens for lepra bacilli . . .
2
3
5
18
Stools and vomit for cholera
vibrios.
24
27
51
19
Stools and urine for isolation
of typhoid bacilli.
. . .
11
11
20
Specimens (fœtuses, etc.) for
spirochætes.
12
49
61
Includes 2 growths from military
recruits.
21
Specimens (smears) for spiro-
chætes.
18
43
61
Includes 3 spirochætes refringens.
22
Diphtheria (swabs and cultures).
12
62
74
23
Sputa for pneumococci . . .
10
4
14
24
" bacillus of influenza . . .
205
1 0 1
306
25
Stools for dysentery amœbae,
ova, etc.
15
60
75
26 Stools for bacillus of influenza.
. . .
1
1
27
Smears for Negri bodies . . .
1
1
2
28
Do.
diplococci . . .
10
4
14
29
Urine for B. Coli, streptococci,
etc.
2
3
5
30
Urine for gonococci . . .
. . .
1
1
31
Cultures from a case of
gangrene.
1
. . .
1 Bacillus of malignant oedema present.
32
Sera for agglutination with
B. influenza.
. . .
3
3
33
Urine for chemical and bacte-
riological examination.
. . .
. . .
5
34
Dressings, cyanide, wool, etc.,
for sterility.
13
2
15
(13 sterile, 2 not sterile).
35
Catgut for sterility . . .
. . .
1
1
36
Water for cholera-like vibrios . . .
3
25
28
37
Water for chemical analysis . . .
. . .
. . . 207
38
Water for bacteriological exami-
nation.
. . .
. . . 470 116 from Experimental Filters, 194 from
Madras Corporation, 44 routine and
rest stray samples.
39
Lanoline for acidity . . .
. . .
. . . 230
4 0
" m o i s t u r e a n d
acidity.
. . .
. . .
1
41
First field dressings for percen-
tage of Hg.
. . .
. . .
3
42
Collosal antimony for antimony.
. . .
. . .
1
43
Sand for complete chemical
examination.
. . .
. . .
7
44
Dust from Madras road for full
analysis.
. . .
. . .
1
45
Bleaching powder for percen-
tage of available chlorine.
. . .
. . .
3
46
Urine for sugar . . .
. . .
. . .
3
47
Glycerine for acidity . . .
. . .
. . .
29
Total . . .
1,126
2,563
4,660
7
TABLE VI—cont.
N u m b e r .
Date of
despatch.
Number
of
preg-
nancy.
History of former
pregnancies.
Notes of
fœtus.
Remarks.
Result of
examination.
1918.
12 7th Jan.
?
Not furnished
Macerated
Nil
No spirochaetes
found.
13 16th "
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
Do.
14 30th "
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
Do.
15 2nd Feb.
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
Do.
16 4th "
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
Spirochaetes in large
numbers present.
17 7th "
?
Do.
Do. Nil
No spirochaetes
found.
18 15th "
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
Do.
19 25th "
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
Do.
20 7th March
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
Do.
21 9th "
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
Spirochaeta pallida
present.
22 1st April
?
Do.
Do.
Nil
No
spirochaetes
found.
23 5th " Second. Natural in this hospital
Do.
Seven and a half
months' prema-
ture child.
Do.
24 6th " Sixth
First natural; all the rest
abortions.
Do.
Premature baby
Do.
25 8th " First
Nil
Do. Baby had an en-
larged liver.
Do.
26 10th " Third
Two natural
Do.
Mother anaemic
Do.
27 13th
"
?
Previous deliveries natu-
ral.
Do.
Premature baby
Do.
28 13th "
? Not furnished
Do.
Nil
S
pirochaetes p resent.
29 19th " First
Nil
Do.
Hydramnios
Spirochaetes present
in fair numbers.
30 27th " Fourth. Previous ones natural
Do.
Nil
No spirochaetes
found.
31 6th May
Do. All the previous ones
macerated.
Do.
Nil
Do.
32 13th "
?
Not furnished
Do.
Nil
Do.
33 25th " First
Nil
Do. Nil
Do.
34 27th "
?
Not furnished
Do.
Nil
Do.
35 29th " Eighth Previous ones all natural.
Do.
Nil
Do.
36 3rd June
Fourth. First natural; second
and third abortions.
Do.
Nil
Do.
37 15th " Second. Natural at full term but
the baby died a day af t er bi r t h.
Do.
Nil
Do.
3 8
19th "
First Nil
Do.
Nil
Do.
39 1st July
Fourth.Three previous ones natural.Do.
Nil
Do.
40 4th "
First Nil
Do.
Nil
Spirochaetes present (scanty.)
4 1
7 t h " Do.
N i l
D o . Nil
Spirochaetes present in fair numbers.
4 2
1 3 t h "
?
N o t f u r n i s h e d
D o . Nil
Negative.
4 3
1 7 t h "
?
D o .
D o . M o t h e r s u f f e r i n g f r o m m a l a r i a ( M . T . )
Do.
4 4
1 8 t h "
S e c o n d .
D o .
D o . Nil
D o .
4 5 20th "
Do.
D o .
D o . Nil
S p i r o c h a e t e s p r e s e n t i n l a r g e n u m b e r s .
4 6
2 5 t h "
?
D o .
D o .
N i l Negative
4 7 25th "
F i r s t
N i l
D o . Nil
Do.
4 8
9 t h A u g . Fourth.
T h r e e n a t u r a l
D o . Nil
D o .
4 9 15th "
?
N o t f u r n i s h e d
D o .
N i l
Do.
5 0 15th "
?
D o .
D o . Nil
D o .
5 1
1 5 t h "
?
D o .
D o . Nil
Do.
5 2 30th "
S e c o n d .
D o .
D o . Nil
Spirochaetes present.
5 3
5 t h S e p .
Ninth
A l l p r e v i o u s o n e s n a t u r a l .
D o . Nil
Negative.
5 4
R e c e i v e d o n 2 5 t h S e p . Do.
P r e v i o u s c h i l d r e n a l i v e a n d h e a l t h y .
D o .
Nil
Do.
5 5 26th Oct.
?
N o t f u r n i s h e d
D o . Nil
D o .
5 6
6th Nov.
Third
Do. Do.
Nil
Do.
5 7
7th "
Sixth
Do. Do.
Nil
Do.
5 8
15th "
Do.
Natural
Do.
Nil
Sp i r o c h a e t e s p r e s e n t i n f a i r n u mb e r s .
5 9
25th "
?
D o .
D o . Nil
Negative.
8
Vaccine therapy and prophylactic inoculation.— A farther large increase,
amounting to 63 per cent, took place in the number of doses of bacterial vaccines
prepared and issued. The total amount issued was over 58,000 doses, more than
eight times as many as in 1915. Table VII gives the annual output and issue of
bacterial vaccines for the last six years.
TABLE VII.
Number of doses sent out.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
Autogenous vaccines . . .
1,396
1,151
773
854
979
1,718
Stock vaccines . . .
5,691
5,830
6,285
12,723
34,473
56,398
Total
. . .
7,087
6,981
7,058
13,577
35,452
58,116
TABLE VIII.
N u m b e r .
Nature of vaccine.
Number of doses
of autogenous
vaccine.
Number of doses
of stock vaccine.
Total .
1
Staphylococcus . . .
1,001
410
1,411
2 Streptococcus . . .
230
457
687
3 Acne bacillus . . .
. . .
87
87
4 Pemphigus streptococcus . . .
28
107
135
5 Gonococcus . . .
18
8,877
8,895
6 Pneumococcus . . .
224
122
346
7 B. Influenza . . .
33
. . .
33
8 M. Paratetragenus . . .
6
. . .
6
9 Compound catarrhal vaccine . . .
50
34
84
10 Diphtheroid bacilli . . .
46
. . .
46
11 Tuberculin . . .
. . .
312
312
12 B. Coli . . .
64
100
164
13 B. Dysenteriae . . .
. . .
150
150
14 V. Cholerae . . .
. . .
31,435
31,435
15 B. Typhosus . . .
. . .
1,741
1,741
16 ‘Triple’ vaccine (T.A. B.) . . .
. . .
12,566
12,566
17 Other bacilli . . .
18
. . .
18
Total . . .
1,718
56,398
58,116
Table VIII gives a detailed classification of the different kinds of bacterial
vaccines that have been supplied. The anticholera, typhoid and T.A.B.
vaccines were issued in bottles of 50 c.c. to 100 c.c. capacity mostly and stock
gonococcus vaccine was also in such great demand from the different Station
Hospitals in Southern India, that this vaccine too had to be issued in 25 c.c. to
50 c.c. vials. When issued in bulk in this way, the dilutions of gonococcus vaccine
were made in 5 per cent carbolized saline, but when the vaccine was sent out in
ampoules, carbolized saline was used for strengths of 200 million to the c.c. and
over, the weaker dilutions being made with normal saline only without a preser--
vative. All other bacterial vaccines were made up with carbolized saline in all
dilutions.
An interesting note was supplied by the Medical Officer Commanding
Poonamallee Hospital to the effect that he found men, who had had a full course
(5—300 million) of stock gonorrhoeal vaccine during an attack of gonorrhoeal
urethritis, were far less liable to contract the very troublesome sequelae of this
disease.
Stock vaccines of the gonococcus, pneumococcus, B. Influenzae, and M.
Catarrhalis were made by emulsifying the respective growths on the appropriate
media with carbolized saline and the emulsions being sterilized by this carbolization
not by being heated. All other organisms were killed by heat (55°C for 15
minutes) and their emulsions were carbolized after heating.
Prophylactic anti-typhoid vaccine was issued in doses of 500 and 1,000
million respectively, the interval recommended being a week to 10 days between
the two doses. The first dose of ‘Triple’ vaccine consisted of 500 million typhoid
bacilli and 250 million each of Paratyphoid A and Paratyphoid B bacilli. The