NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
FIELD APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN
CATTLE—III
By P. BHATTACHARYA and S. S. PRABHU, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar, U. P.
(Received for publication on 20th February 1954)
I N the previous two articles [Bhattacharya, 1948; Bhattacharya and Prabhu
1952, 1953], the data collected by the field artificial insemination centres of the
Indian Veterinary Research Institute during the period 1945 to 1947 were presented
and discussed. The present article deals with the data gathered during the calendar
year 1948 at the Calcutta, Patna and Bangalore artificial insemination centres.
DETAILS OF BULLS
In 1948, 31 bulls were at service at the three artificial insemination centres.
Of these, 23 belonged to Bos indicus, one to Bos taurus and the rest to Bubalus
bubalis. The bulls belonged to the following breeds:
Bos indicus
Bos taurus
Bubalus bubalis
1. X-bred
2. Sahiwal
3. Nagore
4. Gir
5. Thari
6. Red Sindhi
7. Hallikar
1. Ayrshire
1. Murrah
Hallikars were used for the first time. Out of the 31 bulls, the largest number,
namely 20, were in use at Bangalore, six at Calcutta and remaining five at Patna.
DETAILS OF COLLECTIONS
Full particulars of the collections made from various bulls at the three
centres are presented in Table I.
263
36 AR/55
1
264
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE-III
[ Vol. XXV, Part IV,
TABLE I
Details of collections at the three artificial insemination centres
Names of centres
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Serial No.
of bulls
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Brand No. or
names of bulls
Eng. 1
Eng. 2
Multani
Hiralal
7/2
57/2
158/2
Windfall
Wonderful
Tanji
Unique
281
Zimen
Tasman
484
574
Xavier
Warriorson
Malnad Builder
Sector
Basavaraja
Kusigalstar
Tulsiraj
Bright lad
B.
No. 2
S. P. 439
S. P. 441
Winston
132
Janardhan
Breed
x-bred
Do.
Sahiwal
Nagore
Thari
Do.
Do.
Gir
Do.
Do.
Red Sindhi
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Hallikar
Do.
Thari
Ayrshire
Murrah
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Total number of collections per
Bull
Breed
B.
indicus
3
46
19
77
79
74
55
1
6
5
23
34
1
26
3
2
6
3
4
2
4
31
20
49
19
77
208
12
104
35
20
B.Baurus
6
6
B. bubalis
43
20
17
63
24
40
6
213
Species
524
6
213
Average volume of ejaculate per c.c. per
Bull
2.80
4.11
3.86
4.49
3.71
3.65
3.79
5.60
10.00
8.52
4.56
6.59
3.00
4.57
4.80
5.25
8.58
5.00
3.75
3.40
4.58
3.67
7.66
6.51
20.4
2.17
2.27
2.40
6.31
2.25
2.50
Breed
4.15
3.86
4.49
4.06
8.51
5.36
3.77
7.66
6.51
2.71
Species
10.15
10.19
10.15
10.01
10.78 4.49 10.08
10.25
10.20
10.58
10.73 6.51 10.73
10.12 2.71 10.12
REMARKS
December, 1955]
P.
BHATTACHARYA
AND
S.
S.
PRABHU
265
(a) Number
Out of the 31 bulls, less than 10 collections were taken from 14; 20 or less
but more than 10 from four, while the maximum constituting 83 per cent of the
total collections were made from the remaining 13 bulls.
Among the B. indicus bulls, the largest number of collections (79) were made
from the Thari bull 7/2 of Patna. The highest for B. bubalis was 63—taken from
S. P. 441, also of Patna. These figures work out to an average of slightly more
than one collection per week.
(b) Average semen volume
The overall species average of the total semen volume per ejaculate for each
species was:
1. B. indicus bulls =4.49±0.08 c.c.
2. B. taurus bulls =6.51±0.73 c.c.
3. B. bubalis bulls =2.71±0.12 c.c.
The difference in volume between any of the above two species of bulls was
statistically significant. Gir and Thari (Bang.) bulls of B. indicus gave compara-
tively larger ejaculates than the bulls of other breeds. The statistical significance
of difference in average semen volumes of any two breeds is given in the two way
Table II.
TABLE II
Statistical significance of difference in semen volumes of different breeds
Breed
X-bred
Sahiwal
Nagore
Thari
Gir
R. Sindhi
Hallikar
Aryshire
Murrah
X-Bred
..
..
..
..
*
*
..
*
*
Sahiwal
..
..
..
..
*
*
..
*
*
Nagore
..
..
..
*
*
*
*
*
*
Thari
..
..
*
..
*
*
..
*
*
Gir
*
*
*
*
..
*
*
*
*
Red
Sindhi
*
*
*
*
*
..
*
..
*
Halli-
kar
..
..
*
..
*
*
..
*
*
Ary-
shire
*
*
*
*
*
..
*
..
*
Murrah
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
..
* Statistically significant
266
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE-III
[Vol. XXV, Part IV,
A comparative statement of the average semen volumes of like bulls from
1946-48 is given in Table III. With the exception of three figures, all other averages
were based on more than 20 observations.
TABLE III
Average semen volumes of bulls
Bull No. or name
X-bred 2
Multani
Hiralal
158/2
57/2
7/2
Unique
S. P. 439
S. P. 441
Average
1946
Semen volume per ejaculate
1947
1948
B. indicus
2.44
2.41
2.84
3.07
2.90
3.23
..
3.32
3.39
3.86
3.66
3.22
3.41
3.39
4.11
3.86
3.41
3.86
3.38
3.72
4.56
B. bubalis
3.42
3.62
2.92
2.51
2.21
2.36
With the exception of ' Hiralal ', all other Bos indicus bulls show a progressive
increase in average semen volumes with years. On the contrary, in the buffalo
bulls, there is a progressive decrease in semen volumes with years. The yearly
difference in both the cases are statistically significant. An yearly increase in
average semen volumes is expected, but yearly decrease is difficult to explain,
since the bulls when brought on to artificial insemination service were quite young.
Whether the yearly decrease is purely accidental or represents any peculiar condi-
tion in buffaloes, the data at our disposal are too scanty to suggest.
DETAILS OF INSEMINATION
Details of inseminations performed from semen of various bulls at the three
artificial insemination centres are presented in Table IV. The distribution of the
total services among the 31 bulls is as follows:
December, 1955 ] P. BHATTACHARYA AND S. S. PRABHU 267
TABLE
IV
Details of inseminations at the three artificial insemination centres
Names of centres
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Serial No.
of bulls
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Brand No. or
names of bulls
Eng. 1
Eng. 2
Multani
Hiralal
7/2
57/2
158/2
Windfall
Wonderful
Tanji
Unique
281
Zimen
Tasman
484
575
Xavier
Warriorson
Malnad builder
Sector
Basavaraja
Kunigal Star
Tulsiraj
Bright lad
R
No. 2
S. P. 439
S. P. 441
Winston
132
Janardhan
Breed
X-bred
do.
Sahiwal
Nagore
Thari
do.
do.
Gir
do.
do.
Bed Sindhi
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Hallikar
do.
Thari
Aryshire
Murrah
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Total number of inseminations per
Bull
33
519
243
1,007
1,192
984
807
3
11
10
199
406
8
206
8
48
36
18
9
33
16
145
44
9
147
43
65
373
42
87
16
Breed
B. indicus
552
243
1007
2983
24
971
161
44
B. taurus
9
B. bubalis
773
Species
5985
9
773
Average No. of insemination per
Bull
11.00
11.20
12.79
13.08
15.09
13.30
14.67
3.00
1.83
2.00
8.66
11.94
8.00
8.00
2.67
24.00
6.00
6.00
2.25
16.50
4.00
4.68
2.20
1.50
3.42
2.15
3.82
5.92
1.75
2.12
2.67
Breed
11.27
12.79
13.08
13.28*
2 .00
34
1.50
3.61
Species
11.06
1.50
3.61
REMARKS
* Includes
the Thari
Bull
at
Bangalore
centre.
268
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE-III [Vol. XXV, Part IV,
Inseminations
Over 1,000
901—1,000
501—600
401—500
301—400
201—300
101—200
Loss than 100
Bulls
2
1
2
1
1
2
3
19
TOTAL
31
Out of 31, twelve bulls accounted for 92 per cent of the total services at the
three centres. The largest number of cows bred from a single bull was 1192.
Further, on an average 10.75 cows and 3.61 buffaloes were served from a single
ejaculate. The highest average bred from a single ejaculate from a given bull was
24.00.
A comparative statement of the total number of inseminations performed
annually at the three centres during 1945 to 1948 is given in Table V.
TABLE V
Number of inseminations at the three centres
Name of centre
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Total number inseminated in
603
1,116
..
1,117
2,471
338
1,992
3,113
1,354
As will be seen from Table V, there was a steady increase in the demand for
artificial insemination service at the three centres.
DETAILS OF CONCEPTION RATES
The method adopted in calculating conception rates has already been described
[Bhattacharya and Prabhu, 1952]. Particulars of conception rates at the three
artificial insemination centres are presented in Table VI.
December, 1955]
P.
BHATTACHARYA
AND
S.
S.
PRABHU
269
TABLE VI
Details of service or conception rates at the three artificial insemination centres
Name of centre
Calcutta
Patna
Serial
No. of
bulls
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Brand No.
or names
of bulls
Eng. 1
Eng. 2
Multani
Hiralal
7/2
57/2
158/2
Windfall
Wonderful
Tanji
Unique
281
Zimen
Breed
x-bred
do.
Sahiwal
Nagore
Thari
do.
do.
Gir
do.
do.
Red Sindhi
do.
do.
Total No. of cows whose
calving data were
known
unknown
B. indicus
21
370
175
695
1,192
984
807
3
11
10
193
390
8
12
149
68
313
..
..
..
..
..
..
6
16
..
No. of
cows hold-
ing to
service
14
245
121
459
808
705
573
3
5
6
127
238
4
Average service rate
per conception and
(conception rate) per
Bull
1.50 (66.67)
1.51 (66.22)
1.45 (69.14)
1.51 (66.22)
1.48 (67.79)
1.40 (71.65)
1.41 (71.00)
1.00 (100.00)
2.20 (45.45)
1.67 (60.00)
1.52 (65.80)
1.64 (61.03)
2.00 (50.00)
Breed
1.51 (66.24)
1.45 (69.14)
1.51 (66.22)
1.43 (69.77)
1.71 (58.33)
Species
1.48 (5 8.33)
270
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE-III
[ Vol. XXV, Part IV,
TABLE VI—(contd.)
Details of service or conception rate at the three artificial insemination centres
Name of centre
Bangalore
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Serial
No. of
bulls
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Brand No.
or names
of bulls
Tasman
484
575
Xavier
Warriorson
Malnad builder
Sector
Basavaraja
Kunigal Star
Tulsiraj
Bright lad
12
No. 2
S.P. 439
S.P. 441
Winston
132
Janardhan
Breed
Red Sindhi
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Hallikar
do.
Thari
Ayrshire
Murrah
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Total No. of cows whose
calving date were
known
199
7
46
36
17
8
32
16
133
44
unknown
7
1
2
..
1
1
1
..
12
B. taurus
4
5
B. bubalis
121
37
65
373
41
81
16
26
6
..
..
1
6
..
No. of
cows hold-
ing to
service
125
6
29
21
6
3
20
11
77
26
0
89
30
38
244
30
61
11
Average service rate
per conception and
(conception rate) per
Bull
1.59 (62.81)
1.17 (85.71)
1.59 (63.04)
1.71 (58.33)
2.33 (35.29)
2.67 (37.50)
1.60 (62.50)
1.46 (68.75)
1.73 (57.89)
1.69 (59.01)
0
1.36 (73.55)
1.23 (81.08)
1.71 (58.46)
1.53 (65.42)
1.37 (73.17)
1.33 (75.31)
1.45 (68.75)
Breed
1.62 (61.85)
1.69 (59.68)
0
1.46 (68.75)
Species
0
1.46 (68.75)
December, 1955] P. BHATTACHARYA AND S. S. PRABHU 271
The overall conception rates for all the centres was 69.47 per cent for cows
and 68.53 per cent for buffaloes. The rates for the two species at the three centres
are given in Table VII.
TABLE VII
Conception rates for cows and buffaloes at different centres
Name of centre
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
TOTAL
Total bred
Cows
1,261
2,983
1,157
5,401
Buffaloes
158
438
138
734
Total "holding"
Cows
839
2,083
830
3,752
Buffaloes
119
282
102
503
Percentage concep-
tions
Cows
66.53
69.83
71.74
69.47
Buffaloes
75.32
64.38
73.91
68.53
A comparative statement of conception rates got from the same bulls during
1946 to 1948 is given in Table VIII.
TABLE VIII
Conception rates for the same bulls in different years
Bull No. or name
X-bred 2
Multani
Hiralal
158/2
57/2
7/2
Unique
281
Tasman
S. P. 439
S. P. 441
Conception rates in
1946
B. indicus bulls
54.9 (113)
66.7 (54)
64.5 (129)
76.9 (120)
75.8 (374)
78.7 (355)
..
..
..
B. bubalis bulls
78.1 ( 98)
74.6 ( 67)
1947
64.9 (256)
51.3 (172)
52.4 (321)
76.9 (319)
76.9 (354)
78.1 (319)
43.1 ( 72)
50.0 ( 44)
44.4 ( 56)
67.1 (214)
70.4 (223)
1948
66.2 (370)
69.0 (175)
66.2 (695)
73.0 (807)
72.5 (984)
67.6 (1192)
65.8 (193)
61.1 (390)
62.9 (199)
58.5 ( 65)
65.4 (373)
Figures in brackets denote number of inseminations
36 AR/55
2
272
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE-III
[Vol. XXV, Part IV,
The conception rates of buffaloes, show a definite year to year decrease. Ana-
lysis of variance of the B. indicus bull- figures omitting the last three ones, show
that the difference in rates between bulls was significant at. 5 per cent level, while
that between years was not statistically significant. The summary of the analysis
of variance is given in Table IX.
TABLE IX
Analysis of variance
Variation
Between years
Between bulls
Error
TOTAL
D. F.
2
5
10
17
S. S.
27.44
807.74
466.08
1281.26
M. 8.
13.72
161.54
44.60
..
P.
..
3.62
..
..
Monthly variation in conception rates
The average monthly rates in conception among cows averaged over the years
1946 to 1948, are presented in Table X. For want of sufficient data, like figures
for buffaloes were not worked out.
TABLE X
Monthly conception rates among cows
Name of month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Calcutta
centre
65.44 (162)
58.21 (201)
62.33 (223)
58.29 (187)
60.07 (293)
65.44 (217)
58.43 (178)
58.23 (158)
61.90 (210)
69.13 (230)
58.10 (210)
67.98 (325)
Patna
centre
71.76 (340)
77.30 (445)
76.34 (410)
74.88 (414)
76.03 (463)
77.84 (555)
76.33 (566)
74.00 (477)
74.90 (522)
71.57 (591)
69.14 (525)
69.22 (536)
Bangalore
centre
61.29 (62)
50.00 (52)
52.63 ( 57)
54.72 ( 53)
54.39 ( 57)
57.82 (147)
56.88 (160)
65.41 (159)
53.25 (154)
52.30 (174)
68.18 (132)
55.38 (186)
Figures in brackets denote number of inseminations
December, 1955] P. BHATTACHARYA AND S. S. PRABHU 273
Monthly and seasonal variations in conception rates of artificially bred cows
are discussed separately [Prabhu and Bhattacharya, 1953]. The analysis showed
that the conception rates had varied significantly from centre to centre and from
year to year. There was, however, no significant variation in the rates from month
to month or from season to season. These findings are in agreement with the report
of Salisbury [1944].
Semen dosage and conception rate
Details of semen dosage in terms of neat semen in the dose and conception
rates are presented in Table XI.
TABLE XI
Semen dosage and percentage conception rate
Name of
centre
Patna
Calcutta
Bangalore
Dosage in c.c.
0.05
63.33
(60)
..
61.43
(280)
0.06
66.67
(54)
..
..
0.1
68.38
(136)
78.26
(23)
54.46
(303)
0.2
70.18
(16,33)
65.78
(263)
56.47
(356)
0.25
Cows
..
66.07
(666)
69.47
(95)
0.3
69.39
(49)
68.86
(228)
..
0.4
72.86
(70)
59.26
(27)
55.88
(34)
0.5
69.16
(107)
75.00
(28)
56.41
(39)
1.0
73.47
(49)
..
..
Figures in brackets denote number of inseminations
No clear cut trend in the conception rates with dosage of semen injected could
be detected from the above figures. No analysis was carried out for buffaloes as
the data were scanty.
Age of semen used and conception rate
In Table XII is summarised the information on age of the stored semen used
or insemination and the conception rates obtained. Due to lack of sufficient
data, no summary of information pertaining to buffaloes is given.
274
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE-III
[Vol. XXV, Part IV,
TABLE XII
Age of semen and conception rate
Age of semen
(hours)
Name of centre—
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Average
Age of semen
(hours)
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Average
0-1
64.85
(239)
69.76
(281)
59.26
(162)
65.54
(682)
72.1-78
..
75.00
(4)
54.79
(73)
55.84
(77)
1.1-6
65.26
(190)
68.73
(566)
66.14
(127)
67.61
(883)
78.1-84
..
..
40.91
(22)
40.91
(22)
6.1-12
50.00
(12)
65.63
(64)
57.50
(40)
64.66
(116)
84.1-90
..
..
63.64
(11)
63.64
(11)
12.1-18
..
66.67
(15)
55.26
(38)
58.49
(53)
90.1-96
..
..
70.00
(30)
70.00
(30)
18.1-24
68.57
(129)
69.89
(568)
55.29
(85)
68.17
(952)
96.1-102
..
..
56.00
(50)
56.00
(50)
24.1-30
64.97
(177)
66.79
(274)
66.95
(118)
66.26
(569)
102.1-108
..
..
83.33
(6)
83.33
(5)
30.1-36
70.00
(10)
74.07
(27)
40.63
(32)
57.97
(69)
108.1-114
..
..
50.00
(6)
50.00
(6)
36.1-42
75.00
(4)
77.78
(9)
57.58
(33)
63.04
(46)
114.1-120
..
..
53.33
(15)
53.33
(15)
42.1-48
68.09
(188)
74.72
(269)
47.76
(67)
68.89
(524)
120.1-126
..
..
73.33
(15)
53.33
(15)
48.1-54
67.90
(81)
65.12
(86)
60.38
(106)
64.10
(273)
54.1-60
50.00
(4)
75.00
(8)
64.29
(14)
65.38
(26)
60.1-66
..
..
65.63
(32)
65.63
(32)
66.1-72
61.72
(39)
76.47
(17)
48.65
(37)
59.14
(93)
Figures within brackets denote number of inseminations.
December, 1955 ] P. BHATTACHARYA AND S. S. PRABHU 275
No data beyond 78 hours was available at the Calcutta and Patna centres.
Considering only the average rates over all centres and also those rates which includ-
ed figures from all centres, it appears that no marked drop in conceptions occurred
when semen stored for 72 hours outside the body in an extender was used for breed-
ing. The average rate over these periods was 64.54±1.15 per cent (Range 59.14
to 68.89 per cent). Pooling the data into age periods of 12 hours, statistical analysis
was carried out on figures of all centres upto the age of 60 hours. Though figures
for all centres were available in the 60.1 to 72 hours period, due to small number of
inseminations on which the Patna figure was based, this period was not included
in the analysis. The results of the analysis are summarised in Table XIII.
TABLE XIII
Analysis of variance
Source of variation
Between centres
Between age periods
Error
TOTAL
D. F.
2
4
8
14
S. S.
336.36
1.70
155.40
493.46
M. S.
168.18
0.42
19.42
..
F.
8.66**
..
..
..
**Significant at 1 per cent level
It will be seen from the above analysis that though the difference in concep-
tion rates among centres was highly significant, the variation in rates between age
groups of semen was not significant.
SUMMARY
The data gathered during the calendar year 1948 at the Calcutta, Patna and
Bangalore field artificial insemination centres, operated by the Animal Genetics
Division of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, and comprising 6758 insemina-
tions made from 737 ejaculates drawn from 23 Bos indicus, one Bos taurus and
seven Bubalus bubalis bulls of the centres are analysed and discussed.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are thankful to Shri D. B. Mukherjee, Ch. Chetram and Shri S. V.
Chandiramani, respective officers-in-charge of the Calcutta, Patna and Bangalore
artificial insemination centres, for their help in introducing the new technique in
the field. The basic data collected by these officers of the centres were freely drawn
in preparing this article. Thanks are also due to Major J. M. Lahiri, Principal,
Bengal Veterinary College, Shri S. K. Sen, Director, Animal Husbandry Depart-
ment, Bihar, and Dr. K. C. Sen, Director, Indian Dairy Research Institute, Banga-
lore, for their keen personal interest and for providing all facilities for work. To
the Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, the authors are grateful for
help and advice at all stages during the operation of the scheme.
36 AR/55
3
276
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE-III
[Vol. XXV, Part IV,
REFERENCES
Bhattacharya, P. (1948). Preliminary report on the field application of artificial insemination in
India. Proc. 36th Indian Sci. Congr., III(4), 96
—and
Prabhu, S. S. (1950). Field application of artificial insemination in India—II.
Proc. 37th Indian Sci. Congr., III(9), 196-197
—(1952).
Field application of artificial insemination in cattle—III. Proc. 39th
Indian Sci. Congr., III(9), 196
—(1953).
Field application of artificial insemination in cattle—I. Indian J. vet.
Sci., 22(3), 163-178
—(1953).
Field application of artificial insemination in cattle—II. Indian J. vet.
Sci., (22,3)
Salisbury, G. W. (1944). A controlled experiment in feeding wheat germ oil as a supplement to the
normal ration of bulls used for artificial insemination. J. Dairy Sci., 27, 551-561
FIELD APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
IN CATTLE-IV
By P. BHATTACHARYA and S. S. PRABHU, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar
(Received for publication on 20th February 1954)
I N previous reports [Bhattacharya 1948; Bhattacharya and Prabhu, 1952,
1953 (a) and (b)] the data on the field application of artificial insemination in
cattle collected during the years 1945 to 1948 by the regional artificial insemination
centres operating under the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar have
been discussed. The present paper deals with the data gathered during the year
1949 by the Calcutta, Patna and Bangalore centres of artificial insemination.
DETAILS OF BULLS
In 1949, there were 23 bulls—ignoring the six bulls from which 1-3 ejaculates
only were drawn during the year—at service at the three artificial insemination
centres. Of these, 19 were of Bos indicus and the rest of Bubalus bubalis species.
The species comprised the following breeds :
B. indicus
B. bubalis
1. X-bred
2. Sahiwal
3. Hariana
4. Nagore
5. Thari
6. Red Sindhi
7. Hallikar
Murrah
The Harianas were used for the first time, while other breeds had been at service
during the past years also.
The largest number of bulls, i.e. 12 were employed at Bangalore, and the smallest
number, i.e. 4 at Patna. At Calcutta, 7 bulls were in use.
277
36 AR/55,
4
278
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CATTLE-IV [Vol. XXV, Part IV,
DETAILS OF COLLECTIONS
Full particulars of the collections made from the various bulls at the three
centres are given in Table I.
Number
Out of the 23 bulls, less than 10 ejaculates were taken from 6; less than 20
ejaculates from 2; while the maximum number of ejaculates constituting 91.59
per cent of the total for all centres came from the remaining 15 bulls. Among
B. indicus bulls the largest number of collections (78) were made from the Thari bull
57/2 of Patna, while the highest for the bulls of the other species were 85, taken from
S. P. 441, also of Patna.
On an average, these figures work out at slightly more
than one collection per week.
With the exception of Patna centre, the bulls at the centres were surplus to
requirement as seen from both the total collections made, and the number of animals
inseminated from each of the bulls during the year. For example, at the Bangalore
Centre, out of the 22 bulls from two more than 50, from four 21 to 36 and from
the rest less than 20 ejaculates were taken. Actually, two Red Sindhi, one Hallikar
and two buffalo bulls would have sufficed for this centre on the basis of one collection
per week. More bulls were used mainly on account of the programme of progeny
testing at the Institute where the centre was located. Out of the seven bulls at the
Calcutta Centre, only from two more than 50, and from one more than 40 ejaculates
were taken. The ejaculates from other bulls worked out to one ejaculate per fort-
night. At the Patna Centre, more than one ejaculate per week from three bulls,
and from the remaining one per fortnight were taken.
From a study of all the relevant information so far collected, it would seem that
for a centre of the type operating under the Institute with a target annual figure of
three to four thousand inseminations, if only one breed per species is used, two bulls
per species should completely meet all demands for semen—provided care was taken
to select the right types of bulls. Centres catering for more than one breed per species
would be required to provide for additional bulls. A safe criterion in such cases
would be to have one bull of the right type for an expected annual demand of 2,000
inseminations. In practice, if the bulls of the selected breed happen to possess
low sex-drive it would be safe to have extra bulls to meet emergencies.
Average volume
The overall averages for the bulls of the two species were:
B. indicus 3.93±0.20 c.c.
B, bubalis 1.79±0.38 c.c.
December,
TABLE I
Details of collections at the three artificial insemination centres
Names of centres
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Calcutta
Patna
Bangalore
Serial No.
of
bulls
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16
17 18
19
20
21
22
23
Brand No.
or names
of bulls
Eng. 1
do. 2
Multani
Har. 12
Mar. 48
Hiralal
7/2
57/2
158/2
Tulsiraj
Unique
281
484
575
Warriorson
568
Warspite
K. Star
Suguna Select
R.
S.P. 441
132
Janardhan
Breed
X-bred
do.
Sahiwal
Hariana
do.
Nagore
Thari
do.
do.
do.
R. Sindhi
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Hallikar
do.
Murrah
do.
do.
do.
Total number of collections per
Bull
5
5
23
61
8
67
76
78
25
8
17
36
18
9
24
21
7
20
23
44
85
83
54
Breed
Species
B. indicus
10
23
69
67
187
132
43
531
B. bubalis
266
266
Average volume of ejaculate per
Bull
3.84
4.90
5.19
4.01
2.79
1.39
4.23
3.69
3.75
7.50
3.76
6.54
3.81
4.40
4.67
4.48
2.43
4.09
2.61
1.58
1.88
1.60
2.11
Breed
4.37±1.53
5.19±1.14
3.87±0.49
4.05±0.52
4.08±0.10
4.78±0.45
3.17±0.48
1.79±0.38
Species
3.93±0.20
1.79±0.38
Remarks
± = S.E.