180
ABSTRACTS
[Vol. XXIV, Part III,
A comparison of the efficacy of sulphamezathine (Sulphadimethylpyrimidine)
and sulphaquinoxaline in the control of experimentally induced caeca
coccidiosis in chicks. KENDALL, S. B. (1950). Vet. Rec. 62, 381-382
K ENDALL carried out experiments to compare the coccidiostatic effect of sulpha-
mezathine and sulphaquinoxaline. The chicks used in the experiment were
unsexed Rhode Island Reds and Rhode Island Red crosses of seven to ten days of
age. Oocysts for infection were obtained from faeces of chicks infected with a stock
culture of E. tenella and as well as from the caecal contents and caecal cores of infected
chicks, which had shown typical clinical symptoms of caecal coccidiosis. The
drugs employed for the treatment were either administered in drinking water or
in dry mash. When the drugs were given in drinking water, 16 per cent solution
of the drug was prepared in 2.4 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide and diluted
shortly before use with requisite volume of tap water.
The drugs were compared at concentrations ranging from 0.025 (in water)
to 0.25 per cent (in food). The period of administration was from 48 hours to 120
hours after infection. At a concentration of 0.025 per cent in water given from the
72nd to 96th hour both the drugs were ineffective. At concentrations of 0.1 to 0.25
per cent in the feed and administered from the 48th hour both the drugs were
markedly coccidiostatic. A concentration of 0.05 per cent of the drug in drinking
water was lowest to give protection against experimental coccidiosis. At this
concentration the mortality rates in the sulphamezathine and salphaqunioxaline
treated groups were from 46 to 59 per cent and 5 to 14 per cent respectively. The
use of different groups of chicks and different cultures of E. tenella did not affect
the results obtained and thus gave a clear indication of the greater efficacy of
sulphaquinoxaline in the treatment of caecal coccidiosis in fowls. (K.S.I.)
Terramycin supplement for dairy calves. A. M. MACKAY, W. H. RIDDEL AND
R. FITZSIMMONS (1953). J. Anim. Sci. 12, 19.23
T HE experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding terramycin on the
growth, efficiency of feed utilization, incidence of scours and general well-being
of (1) dairy calves from birth to 12 weeks of age and (2) older ruminating animals.
Trial 1. Out of the 18 calves, eight were selected at random as controls and the
remaining ten were fed a terramycin supplement containing five grams of terramycin
hydrochloride, for a period of 12 weeks. The rate of feeding was such as to supply
30 mg. of terramycin hydrochloride per 100 pounds of body weight. Weekly adjust-
ments were made for gain in weight. On this basis the calves in the supplemented
group received from 19 to 82 mg. of terramycin hydrochloride daily. The supplement
was fed in milk in the beginning and later on with grain.
Trial 2. Eight heifer calves, from six to nine weeks of age, were divided into
two equal groups on the basis of breed, age and size. Both groups were raised on
the regular calf feeding schedule. Group I was maintained as control. A terra-
mycin supplement of 24 gm. terramycin hydrochloride per ton of feed was added
to the grain of the calves in group II. On this basis the calves in the supplemented
group received 37.5 to 60 mg. of terramycin daily. After eight weeks, the groups