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the sun and trampled. This process is repeated for
three days, and the ganja gets ready. Nakhi
ganja is reduced to chur, and the other two kinds
get flat. The ganja thus prepared is used in this
district for smoking only.
16. Bhang is not prepared by people in their
houses. There is no wild ganja in this district,
so we do not know whether bhang, ganja or
charas is ever produced from the wild hemp.
17. The preparations of ganja and bhang are
made by farmers.
18.
Charas is not prepared in this district.
Ganja deteriorates by keeping for one year after
its preparation, whether ordinary care be taken or
not. I am not aware of any measures to prevent
deterioration. It quite loses its intoxicating pro-
perties after keeping for one year.
19. Charas is not prepared here. Ganja is used
for smoking only. This use of it is prevalent in
this district as well as throughout India. It is
also used for medicinal purposes.
20. Almost all the gosavis, bairagis, fakirs, and
others of the like class smoke ganja at their lodg-
ings ; but among other class of people the propor-
tion is 1 or 2 per cent. As Charas is not produced
here, I cannot give any information about it.
21. Flat and round ganja are generally pre-
ferred for smoking. Chur is used for smoking
generally by the poor.
23. Bhang is not used for smoking in this
district.
24. Almost all the gosavis, bairagis, and others
of the like class eat and drink bhang and also a
few of the other classes.
25. The use of ganja and bhang is neither on
the increase nor on the decrease.
28. In the case of the habitual moderate con-
sumers the average allowance is 2 tolas per day,
which costs 2 annas ; and in others the allowance
is 5 tolas, costing 5 annas.
29. Men who drink bhang ordinarily mix with
it milk, sugar, rose buds, saffron, cardamoms,
opium seeds, and pepper ; because such mixed
drink is tasteful and fragrant. And this is called
bhang massala." Dhatura is not so used.
30. The consumption of ganja and bhang is
generally practised in company. Respectable and
great men, if they have got this habit, practise it
in solitude. It is mainly confined to the male sex.
The children do not consume it in this district.
It is not confined to any time of life.
32. In some parts of Northern India, in which
the hot season is rigorous, males, females, and
even children drink bhang moderately, simply as
a means to lessen the effect of the season, and not
owing to its narcotic properties. The occasional
drinking of bhang in hot season does not lead to
the formation of the habit nor produce injurious
effect.
33. Respectable men of this district generally
detest the practice of drinking bhang, much more
that of smoking ganja. The consumption is held
in disrepute on account of its narcotic injurious
tendencies and not on the ground of any religious
principles.
There is no custom of worshipping the hemp
plant in this district.
34. It will be a serious privation to the habi-
tual consumers to forego the consumption of the
drug they use. They will be uneasy if they will
not get it.
35. It will not be feasible to prohibit the use
of any or all of these drugs. The drug will be
consumed illicitly. To enforce prohibition will
not be advisable. The prohibition is sure to occa-
sion serious discontent among the consumers.
Such discontent will not amount to political
danger in this district. The prohibition will not
be followed by recourse to alcoholic stimulants or
other drugs. Alcoholic stimulants and other drugs
will not serve its or their purpose.
36. There is no reason for thinking that alcohol
is now being to a certain extent substituted for
any of these drugs.
37. Charas is not smoked in this district, and
therefore no answer can be given to this question.
38. Ganja, flat or round, produces more intoxi-
cation than " chur."
39. The smoking of any preparation of the
hemp plant is more injurious than drinking or
eating the same.
40. Native doctors use these drugs in medicines
on account of their medicinal qualities. These
drugs are also used in the treatment of cattle-dis-
ease.
41. Moderate use of bhang and ganja is bene-
ficial in its effects
(a) as a food digestive if mixed with other
articles ;
(b) to give staying-power under severe exer-
tion or exposure, or to alleviate fatigue ;
(c) as a preventive of disease in malarious
and unhealthy tracts ;
(d) to prevent diseases from dirty water.
42. The moderate use of these drugs is bene-
ficial for those who get the habit ; and I consider
the moderate use of any of these drugs to be
harmless, as intoxication produced from the use
of these drugs is not so strong as in the case of
alcohol.
43. Moderate consumers are inoffensive to their
neighbours.
44. The habitual consumers of bhang and
ganja get themselves refreshed immediately if
they use these drugs moderately. They can give
strength to them only who can get sufficient milk
and ghee. They do not produce intoxication in
habitual moderate consumers, but produce in those
only who use it but seldom. It does not allay
hunger, but increases appetite. The intoxication
lasts for about three hours. Afterwards they are
consumed again ; and the want of subsequent
gratification produces uneasiness.
45. The habitual moderate use of any of these
drugs does not produce any noxious effects, physi-
cal, mental, or moral.
The constitution is somewhat impaired if milk
and ghee are not taken in sufficient quantity ; but
if the man gets milk and ghee, his constitution
becomes strong. It does not injure the digestion,
nor cause loss of appetite, but, on the contrary,
increases it. When they are not well digested, they
cause asthma and not dysentery. It does neither
impair generally the moral sense nor induce lazi-
ness or habits of immorality, nor produce debau-
chery. It does neither deaden the intellect nor
produce insanity, except to a very small extent in
those who cannot get substantial food. This in-
sanity is likely to cease as soon as the habit of
smoking ganja or drinking and eating bhang is
given up. The symptoms of insanity may be
re-induced by the use of the drugs after liberation
from restraint. The insanes who have no recorded
ganja history confess the use of the drugs.