NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
4
has been made possible by the generous contribution from the
Imperial Council of Agricultural Research for which the
Department is very thankful to the Council.
CHAPTER II.
Veterinary Instruction.
BIHAR VETERINARY COLLEGE.
(REPORT BY MR. M. I. MALIK, PRINCIPAL, BIHAR VETERINARY
COLLEGE.)
21. Charge.—The College entered upon its ninth session on
the 1st July, 1938. I held charge of the principalship throughout
the year and acted as Secretary to the Governing Body. I also
acted as a member of the Board of Examiners for the session
1938-39 and of the Bihar Agricultural Research Committee.
22. Teaching and
Subordinate Staff.—In September
1938, Mr. P. G. Malkani was appointed Vice-Principal in
addition to his own duties to carry on the routine duties of the
Principal during my absence on tours.
Mr. Malkani continued to teach "Medicine" in Class 'C'
as in the previous year. The post of the Professor of Anatomy
and Physiology remained vacant and the duties of that Professor
were carried out by Maulavi M. A. Rahim, Assistant to the
Professor of Anatomy and Physiology. There was no change in
the Subordinate Staff except that the first Laboratory Assistant
Babu J. N. Mukherjee and Hospital Surgeon Babu R. A.
Prasad were transferred to the Department and were replaced
by Babu G. Prasad and Maulavi B. Rahman, respectively.
The details of the staff employed at the College are shown
in Table XV.
23. Admission of students.—Forty-six new students joined
the College as compared with 38 of the previous session while
55 out of 63 old students returned for further studies taking the
total to 101 in the beginning of the session. The new admis-
sions comprised of one Bihar Government stipendiary, two
Orissa Government stipendiaries, six North-West Frontier
Province Government stipendiaries, eighteen United Provinces
Government stipendiaries
(they were admitted under the
reciprocal arrangements made with the Provincial Govern-
ment), two Jodhpur State stipendiaries, six Bihar District Board
stipendiaries and eleven private students (viz. ten from Bihar
and one from the United Provinces). Two private students of
the College were awarded stipends by the Purnea District Board
and the Bettiah Raj. This was the first occasion when none of
the newly admitted students left the College during the course
of the session, in previous years an average of six students of the
small batch used to fall out during the course of the session.
24. Revision Class.—Revision class was started by
Government for the first time in January, 1939. Eight plucked
students of Class 'A', who were not recommended for readmission
by the Governing Body on account of their unsatisfactory
6
progress in studies, were permitted to take up this class on pay-
ment of a consolidated fee of Rs. 35 each (inclusive of examina-
tion fees); 7 of them joined the revision class and the numerical
strength at the end of the session was thus raised to 108; details
of their domicile are as below :—
Bihar 46, United Provinces 37, Orissa 3, North West
Frontier Provinces 7, Jhodhpur State 2, Punjab 6, Central Pro-
vinces 2, Bengal 3, Madras 1 and Nepal 1. 84 of these students
were either Matriculates or possessed equivalent qualifications,
6 were I.A., 11 I.Sc, 1 I.COM. and 6 B. Sc. According to reli-
gion their classification was as shown below :—
Hindus
... 73
Aboriginal Christians
... 3
Mohammadans... 31
Sikh
... 1
Of the total number (108), 50 were private students and
58 stipend holders, viz., Bihar Government 2, United Provinces
Government 25, Orissa Government 3, North West Frontier
Province Government 6, Jodhpur State 2, (Bihar) District Boards
17, (Bihar) Municipality 1, Tirhut Educational Society 1 and
Bettiah Raj 1 (this student also won the Junior Scholarship of
the University).
25. Examinations.—The Annual and Diploma Examina-
tions were as usual conducted by a Board of Examiners duly
constituted by Government and the results were found to be
satisfactory. Altogether 107 students (viz., 56 in Class 'A',
25 in Class 'B' and 26 in Class 'C') appeared at the examina-
tions and of these, 90 passed, viz., 48 in first year, 20 in second
year and 22 in third year, the percentage of passes being 85.7
and 80.0 and 84.6 as compared to 63.6, 81.8 and 68.0 in the
preceding year. 4 students obtained distinction—1 in 'sound-
ness' and 'Ageing of horses' 2 in 'Veterinary Medicine' and
1 in 'Operative Surgery'.
26. Post Graduate Class.—For want of accommodation as in
the previous year no post graduate class was held during the year.
27. Hostels.—The accommodation in the Main Hostel,
Post Graduate Hostel and the 'C' type quarters was found
inadequate for the large number of students admitted during
the year and one of the 3 Indian Professor's quarters (which was
vacant) was temporarily commandeered and 18 students were
accommodated in it. Thus the total number of seats available
was 92 and 11 students were permitted to study as day. scholars.
Apart from these 11, there were 7 students of the Revision Class
in January, 1939 ; out of them only two could be given seats in
the hostels. Due to the steady increase in the number of
students at the College from different Provinces and States
from year to year and a complete absence of suitable dwelling
places in the neighbourhood it has become imperative to increase
the hostel accommodation. Proposals have already been sub-
mitted to Government to meet this demand. The health and
conduct of the boarders were good and satisfactory.
6
The Annual Saraswati Puja and the Meelad Sharif were
Celebrated by the students with enthusiasm and students of all
communities participated alike in the functions.
Mr. S. I. H. Akbari, Lecturer on Materia Medica, was
appointed to be the warden of the College hostels for the session.
The Assistant Surgeon in charge, Gardanibagh Dispensary-
continued to be the attending physician to the boarders.
28. Sports.—Mr. S. I. H. Akbari held charge of the Sports
Section as in previous years. The section was adequately equip-
ped and matches in hockey, football, cricket, volley ball and
tennis were played with various clubs. An interesting football
match was organised between the staff and the students in which
most of the members of the teaching staff participated. The
features of the year were (1) The organisation of the Annual
Sports and (2) The running of Sir Fakhruddin Cricket Cup
Tournament. The students took keen interest and displayed
admirable sportsmanship in the Annual Sports which was pre-
sided over by Mrs. Dhar who very kindly agreed to give away
the prizes. The final cricket match of Sir Fakhruddin Cricket
Cup was played on the College ground between East Indian
Railway Divisional and the Northamptonshire Regiment. The
cups and the trophies were presented to the winners and the
runners up by Mrs. R. E. Russell. 'Verma Memorial Cup' for
carrom tournament was also run.
29. University Training Corps.—Applications were made
by 2 new students for enrolment to the University Training
Corps but they were not entertained because of the restriction
of 'registered students of the local University', two old students,
however, continued to be members of the corps and along with
others received the appreciation of His Excellency the Governor
of Bihar who was most impressed with the Guard of Honour
that the Corps provided for him on the occasion of the Univer-
sity Convocation. The members could not, as in previous years,
attend the Annual Training Camp held in March on account of
their examinations.
30. Library.—38 new books were purchased during the
year and added to the library bringing the total number to 367.
Altogether 115 books (viz., 12 from the Gaya District Board,
16 from the Director of Development, Orissa, 54 from the
United Provinces Government and 33 from the North West
Frontier Province Government) were received for the use of the
stipendiaries of different Government and Boards during the year.
Nine Journals of Veterinary and Agriculture Sciences were
subscribed during the year and an addition of 'Farmer and Stock
Breeder' Journal was made bringing the total number of Journals
to 10, besides Index Veterinarius and Gardener and 2 daily and
1 weekly newspapers.
For better and efficient management of the library, etc., the
Professor of Surgery was put in charge of the Library Section.
7
31. Museum.—59 Pathological specimens and Parasites
were received from the College Laboratory during the year,
raising the total to 229.
32. Hygiene Section,—Dr. A. C. Chaudhuri remained in
charge of the section and delivered lectures on Hygiene, Diete-
tics, Animal Breeding, Genetics, Meat and Milk Inspection and
Animal Management. Laboratory demonstrations were also
given. Practical training in milk inspection was imparted at
the College and also at the Dairy Farm and that in Meat Ins-
pection at the Cantonment Slaughter House and Meat Market,
Dinapore. Weekly visits to the Government Cattle Breeding
Farm were organised.
33. Anatomy Section.—Maulavi M. A. Rahim, Assistant
to the Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, remained in
charge of the section throughout the year and evinced keen
interest in his work.
He prepared a skeleton of a buffalo bull and a horse mummy
showing the important topographical relations of blood vessels and
nerves for demonstrations. Five ponies were destroyed and 4
Bovine Visceras were obtained for the Dissection Classes. Many
useful (suggestive) histological charts were also prepared and
explained to the students.
34. Materia Medica, Chemistry and Surgery Sections.—
These sections did satisfactory work under Messrs. S. I. H. Akbari,
M. B. Bose and P. S. Sahi respectively.
35. Veterinary Hospital.—Mr. S. I. H. Akbari, Lecturer on
Materia Medica held charge of the Hospital Section during the
year.
36. Treatment.—During the year under report
4,205
animals were treated at the College hospital inclusive of 281
animals treated as in-patients and 19 cruelty cases against 3,132 of
the previous year. In addition to this 572 operations were per-
formed, 560 injections givea and 309 castrations were done. 317
specimens were sent to the College Laboratory for examination.
37. Experimental Treatment.—Five cases of 'Gid' (Grass
Tetany) showing symptoms of epilepsy in cattle were treated
for hypocalcimia and magnasimia by injecting saturated solution
of Mag Sulph 10 c. c. 4 per cent. solution Calcium Gluconate
10 c. c. Two injections effected a cure in all cases.
In 20 Nasal Granuloma cases antimosan was tried with
good result.
Five cases of 'Red Water' were successfully treated by the
injection of Trypan Blue.
String-halt cases in cattle were successfully treated with the
injection of 4 per cent solution of Sodi Salicylas Nat.
The number of animals treated and castrated at the College
Hospital is given in Table XIV.
38. Rabies.—Seven dogs were kept in the isolation ward of
the College hospital under observation for suspected rabies.
8
Three proved positive and the rest negative. Four dogs were
given full course of anti-rabic vaccine treatment.
39. Mounted Military Police ponies.—23 Mounted Mili-
tary Police ponies were treated in the hospital during the year.
40. Shoeing Forge.—172 horses were shod during the year
under report against 194 of the preceding year.
The post of the blacksmith and the bellowsman attached to
the forge were held in abeyance with effect from the 1st Septem-
ber, 1938 on account of insufficiency of work.
41. Riding Class.—The students received training in equita-
tion as in previous years. 11 gentlemen from outside joined
this class on payment of the fee at Rs. 10 per month. All the
ponies except one maintained good condition throughout the year.
42. Breeding Bull—The number of cows served by the
stud bull at the College hospital was 31 agaiust 28 of the
previous year.
RESEARCH LABORATORY.
43. The Disease Investigation Officer wa8 given training
in practical works in the different sections of the laboratory for
2 months.
44. Rinderpest.—Experiments with the object of evolving
suitable methods for cultivating the virus in vitro, were conti-
nued. A method of getting cell free Rinderpest Virus from
the blood by means of glycerine was evolved. This cell free
virus was used as inoculum in the following media :—
(1) Voges Proskauer's solution+defibrinated normal goat
blood 7.6 pH
(2) Voges Proskauer's solution+citrated normal goat blood
7.6 pH
(3) Modified Tyrode solution+citrated normal goat blood
7.6 pH which were then incubated at 39 C.
The results so far obtained have shown that—
(1) The virus did not multiply even in the 1st culture when
kept serobically and an aerobically in no. 1 medium.
(2) The first sub-culture gave definite and positive reaction
while the 2nd sub-culture gave negative reaction, when incubat-
ed aerobically in no. 2 medium.
(3) The 2nd sub-culture gave definite positive reactions
while the 3rd sub-culture gave negative reaction when incubated
aerobically in no. 3 medium.
57 head of cattle of the Government Cattle Farm were
vaccinated with goat Tissue Virus during November, 1938.
Four animals previously vaccinated against Rinderpest,
two with Goat Blood Virus in 1934 and two with Goat Tissue
Virus in 1935, were tested for immunity. These animals showed
that they had acquired sufficiently strong immunity to resist a
full dose of potent bull virus after 4 and 3 years respectively.
45. Nasal Granuloma.—Specimens of nasal discharge and
nasal granulomatous growths from a goat were received.
Exa-
mination of the discharge showed ova indentical with those
9
found in bovine nasal schistosomiasis. The histological study
of the growth is in progress.
46. Johne's disease.—Two clinical cases of Johne's disease
among cows of the Government Cattle Farm were subjected to
Double Intradermal Tuberculin test. Altogether 374 animals
were tested of which 20 gave positive reactions and 35 suspicious
reactions. 16 of the suspicious reactors were retested but they
all gave negative results.
With the idea of preparing a brew of Jobnin in the laboratory
the casual organism, M. Paratuberculosis was cultivated on
different kinds of media (protein and non-protein). The Johnin
was prepared and the reactions of this reagent were compared with
that of the Avian Tuberculin on the positive cases of Johne's
Disease. Johnin was found to be inferior to avian tuberculin.
Experimental treatment with Dysulin was carried out in a
case of Johne's Disease without good results.
47. String-halt in cattle.—Clinical features of the affection
in the two animals received in the laboratory have been
observed. Examination of the blood and faeces of the animals
has proved negative for bacteria and parasites.
48. Coccidiosis and Distomiasis.—Samples of faeces from
60 animals of the Government Cattle Farm were examined, few
cases showed rare Coccidia and others were negative for both
Coccidiosis and Distomiasis.
49. Nematode Infestation.—Some animals of the Govern-
ment Cattle Farm were found to be infested with Nematodes.
366 samples of faeces were examined and those found to harbour
parasites were kept apart and grazed separately and treated
with Carbon Tetrachloride. The species mainly found were
Hamonchus and Trichuris. The drug used for treatment was
effective in most cases. A scheme for the eradication of
nematode infestation in the Government Cattle Farm was
prepared and the steps that were found feasible under the present
conditions of the Farm were taken by the Farm authorities in
collaboration with the laboratory.
50. Skin disease in calves of the Government Cattle
Farm.—A peculiar form of skin disease has been observed in
the calves of this Farm. Repeated microscopical and cultural
examinations of the blood of affected animals and transmission
experiments with the blood and materials from the lesions of
affected animals, have all given negative results though clini-
cally the condition is indistinguishable from some forms of
'Ringworm' in calves.
51. Bovine abortion.—Microscopical and cultural exami-
nation of materials from the foetus and cotyledons of the
placenta of seven cows belonging to the Government Cattle
Farm which aborted during the year were negative. Serological
tests with Sera obtained from the aborted cows also proved
negative for contagious abortion.
10
52. Ephemeral fever in Cattle.—This disease occurred
among the cattle of the Government Cattle Farm in July and
August, 1938. With a view to ascertaining the immunising
properties of boold of affected animals, 32 healthy animals of the
dry stock of the Farm were inoculated with citrated blood obtain-
ed from a sick case in the yard when the disease was reported
to have been occurring at short intervals and they were kept in
contact with an equal number of un-inoculated animals as
controls. The results of inoculation carried out on the 32
animals were encouraging.
53. Buffalo Otorrhœa.—Materials were received from 3
cases and examinations and transmission experiments were under-
taken with negative results.
51. Melanoma in Pony—Examination of a tumour in the ear
of pony in the College hospital showed it to be a case of melanoma.
55 Opistorchis affection in dog.—Post-mortem examina-
tion on a dog at the College hospital showed a very severe type-
of cirrhosis of the liver due to Opistorchis canis.
56. Doyle's disease.—Three fowls belonging to the Patna
Agricultural Farm showed clinical symptoms of Doyle's disease
and subsequently died. Spleen and liver tissues from two fowls
were received from the Disease Investigation Officer. Transmis-
sion experiments confirmed the diagnosis. In addition a note
for the control of Doyl'es disease at the Agriculture Farm,
Patna was sent to the Agriculture Department.
57. Fowl pox.—One case was received from the Disease
Investigation Officer, the diagnosis was confirmed by transmis-
sion experiment.
58. Chick mortality at the Patna Agriculture Farm.—
Investigation into the cause of mortality was undertaken.
Materials from blood, fæces, liver, etc., were subjected to
cultural examinations with negative results. Sera from represen-
tative birds of the adult flock and pullets were sent to the Impe-
rial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar for agglutination
test and the results were negative. Faults in management are
suspected to be responsible for the losses.
59. Experimental animals.—There were 55 animals in the
experimental ward on the 1st April, 1938 against 72 of the
previous year. The number of births and purchases was 46 and 91
against 28 and 201 of last year. 76 died and 43 were returned to
the contractor thus leaving a balance of 73 at the end of the year.
60. Routine work.—During the year under report 2,501
pathological specimens including blood smears, fæces, pus, urine,
skin scrapings, etc., were received from districts in the Central
Range and the Chota Nagpur Sub-Range, College hospital,
Government Cattle Farm, etc., for examination against 2,327 of
the previous year. Diseases were diagnosed in 917 cases, vide
details under head 'Laboratories'.
11
Altogether 117 postmortem examinations were carried out
on the cases received from College hospital, Government
Cattle Farm and the cases which died during experiments.
49 interesting pathological specimens including internal
parasites, morbid tissues and diseased organs were preserved and
mounted in the laboratory and sent to the museum. Out of these
8 were received from districts and college hospital and 41 were
collected during postmortem examinations conducted at the
laboratory.
60 c. c Auto-vaccine was prepared and supplied to the
college hospital.
61. Serum Depot.—Altogether 355 requisitions for different
sera and vaccines were received and complied with during the
year. 250,585 doses of sera and vaccines (including last balance)
were received and 222,880 doses were issued against 132,865 and
124,590 respectively of the preceding year.
320 c. c. of Tetanus Anti-toxin (including balance of last year)
were received from Messrs. Havero Trading Company, Calcutta
of which 205 c. c. were supplied to the districts on cash payment.
62. Programme for Research Work. —The program me
for research work for the year 1939-40 includes work on the
following diseases :—
(1) Calcutta sore, (2) String-halt in cattle, (3) Filaria
Hæmorrhagica, (4) Distomiasis, (5) Buffalo Otorrbœa, (6)
Doyle's disease, (7) Hæmoproteus in peacock and (8) Nasal
Granuloma in goats.
63. Photo and Art work.—86 lantern slides and 148
photographs of various descriptions on subjects of Pathology,
Bacteriology and Obstetrics and of various breeds of cattle and
dogs were prepared, which included 6 special large size photo-
graphs of Typical Tharparkar cow, hull and bullock sent to the
Animal Husbandry Commsssioner with the Government of India.
A number of coloured charts, paintings and drawings were
prepared for the Anatomy, Surgery and Research Sections of
the College and the Government Cattle Farm, including 5 inter-
esting coloured paintings on Mastitis in cows which were prepared
for publication in a Bulletin by the Civil Veterinary Department.
In addition to the above, 33 ft. cine film 16m. m. showing
the process of producing clean and pasteurised milk at the
Government Cattle Farm was also prepared.
GENERAL.
64. Finance.—A comparative statement of the expenditure
and receipt of the College is given below, showing gradual
reduction in the amount of expenditure from year to year as
a result of stringent economic measures.
Year.
1936-37
1937-38
1938-39
Expenditure.
Rs. a. p.
.. 82,672 5 3
.. 67,047 5 0
.. 62,730 4 0
Receipt,
Rs. a. p.
16,121 10 11
12,626 4 9
17,510 14 0
12
Statement of the details of receipt and expenditure is shown
in Table XVIII. No adjustments are shown on account of the
reciprocal arrangements of admissions referred to in paragraph
23 which effected a saving of Rs. 10,000 to Government on
their Agriculture Budget.
65. Governing Body.—Two meetings of the Governing
Body of the College were convened during the year under report,
1st in June, 1938, to select the non-stipendiary candidates for
admission into the College and the 2nd in August, 1938 to pass
budget estimates for the next financial year and to consider
other items.
66. Award of Medal.—One gold medal was awarded in each
of the three classes to the student who stood first in order of
merit in the Annual and Diploma Examinations of the college
in March, 1939.
67. Mass Literacy.—The Secretary, Mass Literacy Com-
mittee, Patna was invited to attend a meeting of the College Staff
in connection with Mass Literacy Work, in August, 1938. Sub-
scriptions were raised amongst the members of the staff in order
to meet the contingent expenditure of the three centres in the
vicinity transferred to the charge of the Principal of the college.
Two professors of the institutions were deputed to supervise the
Mass Literacy Centres by frequent visits.
CHAPTER III.
TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
68. Incidence of Contagious Diseases.—The general
condition of cattle continued to be satisfactory in the beginning
of the year under review. But during the monsoons, which
broke early, a large number of outbreaks were reported from all
parts of the province. The principal contagious livestock
diseases, viz, Rinderpest, Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia, Black
Quarter and Foot and Mouth disease were reported from almost
all the districts. 'Anthrax' appeared in Purnea and all
districts south of the Ganges except Manbhum while 'Bovine
Surra' occurred in most of the districts in a sporadic form.
A few 'Equine Surra' cases were also reported from Shahabad,
Monghyr, Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur, Saran and Purnea. The
occurrence and seats of principal livestock diseases are marked in
the disease map appended to the report.
69. During the year, altogether 5,524 outbreaks of different
contagious livestock diseases were reported by various agencies
and these outbreaks were responsible for 63,574 attacks, and
22,197 deaths recorded in the year as against 2,884 outbreaks,
36,593 attacks and 12,644 deaths of 1937-38. Figures for this
year show an increase over the figures of outbreaks, attacks and
deaths of last year which is due to the fact that all the
principal contagious livestock diseases except Foot and Mouth
disease were rampant in a virulent form in the Central Range