8
2ND SEPTEMBER 1891, Nos. 2117, 2118 L., LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL.
the poor outturn, the average cost of each successful operation in Municipalities
continued much higher than in Local Fund circles. It was especially so in Tellicherry,
Chicacole, Dindigul, Anantapur, Nellore, Ongole and Tirupati. The quality of the
work done appears to have been best in Erode and Vizianagrum, but was inferior to
the figure recorded from Anakápalle and Vániyambádi in the preceding year, both of
which have declined to an unsatisfactory extent. The greatest number of infants
vaccinated by one man was in Adóni. The outturn in the Madras Municipality showed
no improvement and was much less than in the surrounding district of Chingleput.
The quality of the work done was slightly better and the cost of each successful opera-
tion rather less than in the preceding year, but in every respect the administration of
the Municipality as regards this department appears capable of improvement. The best
work with respect to infantile vaccination was done in Adóni and Dindigul, where
over 70 per cent. of the operations performed were on children under one year of age.
Pálghat did extremely badly, and in Berhampore, Cocanada, Chicacole, Cochin,
Tellicherry and Mannárgudi the matter was also almost entirely neglected.
7. Animal Vaccination.—In G.O., dated 15th February 1890, No. 333 L., the
Sanitary Commissioner was directed to formulate a comprehensive scheme for the
introduction of animal vaccination into all parts of the Presidency and for the entire
substitution of animal for humanized lymph. The proposals submitted by him were
sanctioned in G.O., dated 21st July 1890, No. 1807 L., the scheme adopted being
similar to that employed in Kurnool as described in G.O., dated 14th October 1890,
No. 2618 L. This plan provided for the establishment of no less than 225 local depôts
and the annual cost was estimated at Rs. 79,984. It was not, however, brought into
force, as Dr. King, then Acting Sanitary Commissioner, shortly afterwards suggested
a method of vaccination by means of animal lymph preserved in lanoline and, as the
conclusions arrived at by him appeared to be sound, the Government in G.O., dated
20th September 1890, No. 2406 L., suspended its previous orders and directed that
experiments should be conducted for the purpose of testing the value of Dr. King's
proposals before finally accepting or rejecting them. Dr. King was appointed on
special duty to carry out these experiments and he commenced operations on the 15th
November 1890. His report on the results obtained during the quarter ending 15th
February 1891 will be found printed in G.O., dated 1st May 1891, No. 1045 L., and
his final report which has just been received will be separately dealt with.
Although the use of animal vaccine has not as yet been adopted, as exclusively
as, it is hoped, that it shortly will be, the number of operations performed with this
medium, during the year under review, showed a striking and most satisfactory
advance. Dr. King's lanoline paste was employed in 75,159 cases, exclusive of
operations by medical subordinates, and yielded a percentage of success of 90 cases
against 95.5 where fresh animal lymph was used in Local Fund circles. It would
thus appear that, as regards efficacy, fresh animal lymph is somewhat superior to
lanoline vaccine. The total number of operations performed direct from the calf was
198,826, of which 185,043 were successful; preserved lymph of other kinds was
employed in 38,383 cases, of which 34,397 were successful; medical subordinates used
animal lymph of various descriptions including lanoline paste in 18,845 instances,
14,967 of these being successful; and 1,372 cases are reported fromTanjore and Adóni,
1,282 of which were successful, but whether fresh or preserved lymph was employed
is not stated. Information from the Nílgiris was not received. Including all kinds
of animal lymph, the grand total number of vaccinations performed by this agency was
332,585, of which 299,749 proved successful. The corresponding figures for
1889-90 were 101,153 and 94,361 and for 1888-89, 42,445 and 39,816. The work
done in Madras city was good as far as quality is concerned. In Bezváda, Cannanore,
Cocanada, Coimbatore, Erode, Karúr, Madura, Masulipatam, Palamcottah, Pálghat,
Parlákimedi, Periyakulam, Palni, Srírangam and Tirupatúr, animal lymph has not yet
been introduced. Except in Bezváda, Karúr, Palghat and Palni, vaccination is com-
pulsory in all the towns and the exclusive employment of animal lymph is, therefore,
imperatively necessary in future. It is a significant fact that the work done by each
vaccinator in the towns named above was, except, perhaps, in Srírangam, very inferior,
and, except in Srírangam, Masulipatam, Madura and Palamcottah, less than the average