OF INDIA DURING THE TEN-YEAR PERIOD 1870-79.
11
seem to be secondary to a general seasonal cause. It is more prevalent at cer-
tain seasons than at others, and these results are so constant for the different
provincial areas or India that the greater prevalence of the disease at these
times would appear in the main to be dependent on some common cause.
30. In the two following tables the number of deaths and the death-rates
Number of deaths and death-rates from enteric
fever, month by month, for each of the provincial
areas of India.
from enteric fever during the ten years
1870-79 are given, month by month, for
each of the provincial areas of India. The
death-rates have been given in preference to the admission-rates, because in
fatal cases the diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by means of post-mortem
examinations.
Enteric fever deaths among European troops in each. of the provincial areas for each month of
the period.
Provincial areas.
lan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apl .
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
Bengal Proper
...
1
2
1
...
...
1
3
5
2
. . . . . .
15
Gangetic Provinces
and Oudh
11
8
10
22
34
19
20
26
24
9
6
11
200
Rohilcund and Meerut
5
2
5
12
25
14
6
6
13
11
4
4
107
Agra and Central India
6
4
2
9
5
2
2
7
19
16
1)
2
83
Punjab
8
12
10
21
38
58
29
26
22
17
8
11
260
Hill stations of Bengal
1
. . .
1
3
7
8
17
18
7
9
2
1
74
Rajpootana,Malwa,
Sind and Aden
4
8
3
9
9
6
3
10
40
19
11
9
131.
Deccan and Nagpur
7
4
3
10
13
9
8
12
26
12
4
3
111
Southern India
...
8
7
3
8
1
6
8
3
5
4
. . . . . . . . . . .
6
5 9
Burma and pegu
1
2
. . .
...
1
. . . . . .
4
2
. . .
. . .
. . .
2
12
Hill stations of Mad-
ras and Bombay
. . .
1
. . .
2
3
5
...
3
. . .
1
3
. . .
1 8
Total
51
49
39
97
136
127
98
116
161
100
47
49 1,070*
* This total does not agree with the total of Table I, as casualties on title march and in the field are not included in it.
EUROPEAN TROOPS OF INDIA, 1870 - 79.
Died from enteric fever in each month per cent. of the total deaths.
Provincial areas.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
A pl.
May.
June.
J u l y .
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
D e c .
Total.
Bengal Proper
...
6.67 13.33
6 .67
. . .
...
6.67 20.00 33 .13 13.33
. . .
. . .
100.00
Gangetic Provinces
a nd Oudh
5.50
4.00
5.00 11.00 17.00
9.50 10.00 13.00 12 .00 4.50 3.00 5.50 100.00
Rohilcund and Meerut 4. 67 1 .87 4.67 11.22 23 .36 13.08 5.61 5.61 12 . 15 10 . 28 3.74
3 . 7 4 100.00
Agra andCentral India 7.23
4.82
2.41 10 . 84 6.03 2.41 2.41 8.43 22 .89 19.28 10.84 2.41 100.00
Pun jab
3.07
4.61
3.85
8.08 1462 22 . 31 11.1.5 10.00 8.46 6.54 3.08
4 . 2 3 100.00
Hill stations of Bengal 1.35
. . .
1.35
4.06 9.46 10.81 22.97 24.33
9.46 12 . 16 2'70 1..35 100.00
R a j p o o t a n a , M a l w a ,
Sind and Aden
3.05
6.11
2.29
6.87
6.87
4.58
2.29
7.63 30.54 14.50
8.40
6.87 100.00
D e c c a n a n d N a g p u r 6.31
3.60
2.70
0 .01 11.71 8.118.11 7.21 .10.81
3 . 6 0 10.81 3.60 2'70 100.00
Southern India
1 3 . 5 6 11.87
5.08 13.56
1.70 10'17 73.56
5.08
8 . 47 6.78 .., 10.17 100.00
Boron and Pegu
8. 33 16 . 67
...
...
8.33
...
33 . 33 16.67
. . .
. . .
. . .
16.67 100.00
Hillstations of Mad-
ras and Bombay
. . . •
5.55
. . .
11.11 16.67 27.78
. . .
16.67
. . .
5.55 16.67 ...
100.00
Total
4.77
4.58
3.64
9.06 12.71 11.87
9.16 10.81 15.05
9.35
4.30
4.58 100.00
31. The deaths from enteric fever in Bengal p
roper, Burma and Pegu,
Heat the probable seasonal cause of enteric fever
to which the local causes are subordinate.
...
and in the hill stations of Madras and
Bombay, are so few as to render their
portion of the above table of little value.
Taking the Army of India as a whole, there are seen to he two maxima-
one in May and Jane, and the other in September. In Agra and Central
India, in the Deccan and Nagpur, and in Rajpootann, Malwa, Sind and
Aden, the September maximum is the One ; whereas in the Gangetic.,
Provinces and Oudh, in Meerut and Rohilcund, and in the Punjab, the
higher maximum is in May or June. In the hill stations of the Bengal
Presidency there is only one maximum—in July and August—the permntage
gradually rising from February till June, with a sudden rise in July and
August, and again a sudden fall in September. In Southern India there is no
maximum, but the mortality is pretty evenly distributed throughout the
year. This behaviour of enteric fever throughout India agrees so closely