NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
10
20 Interesting pathological specimens including internal
parasites, morbid tissues and diseased organs were preserved and
mounted in the laboratory. 16 of these were sent to the museum
and four samples of parasites were sent to Lucknow for
identification.
58. Autovaccine preparation.—A total quantity of 53 c.c.
Autovacoine was prepared for the following cases:—
(1) Otorrhoea ...
(2) Mastities ..
.. Bullock ..
.. Cow ..
.. 30 c.c.
.. 23 c.c.
59. Serum Depot.—Altogether 306 requisitions for different
kinds of sera and vaccines were received and complied with
during the year. 231,325 doses of sera and vaccines (including
last balance) were received and 223,715 doses were issued against
250,685 and 222,880 respectively of the preceding year.
115 c.c. of Tetanus Antitoxin was supplied to the district on
cash payment.
60. Programme of Research.—On account of shortage of
staff in the college the Research work was suspended from
January, 1940. It is hoped that with the necessary staff work
will be carried on on the following diseases of:—
Cattle.
1. Johne's disease.—Experimental treatment with Sodium
Chaulmoograte.
(2) Stringhalt in Cattle.—Etiology.
(3) Filaria Haemorrhagica in cattle.
(4) Calcutta Sore.—Etiology and treatment.
(5) Horn Cancer..
HORSE.
Non-sweating.—Etiology and treatment.
BIRDS.
(1) Haemo proteus.
(2) Doyles disease.—Treatment and prevention.
Buffaloes.
Buffalo Otorrhoea.—Etiology and treatment.
Others.
Nasal Granuloma in goats.
61. The Research Officer visited Gaya on two occasions.
Photo and Art work.—96 lantern slides (coloured, black
and white) were prepared during the year including 6 showing
the activities of Mass Literacy Centre at the Government Cattle
Farm, Patna. Besides 152 photographs were prepared and 15
oil and water colour paintings were made. 75 black and white
sketches were also prepared.
11
GENERAL.
62. Finance.—A comparative statement of the receipt and
expenditure of the college for the last three years is noted
below. As a result of strict economy there has been a marked
increase in the income and reduction in the amount of expendi-
ture during the year under report.
Year.
1937-38
1938-39 ..
1939-40
..
..
..
Receipt.
Rs. a. p.
12,626 4 9
16,510 14 6
20,456 12 6
Expenditure.
Rs. a. p.
67,047 5 0
62,730 4 6
61,503 11 9
63. Governing Body.—Two meetings of the college Govern-
ing Body were held during the year under report.
64. Award of Medals.—One gold medal was awarded in
each of the three classes to the student who stood first in order
of merit in the Annual and Diploma examinations of the
college.
65. Visits.—Messrs. F. Ware and P. J. Kerr, Animal
Husbandry Commissioners with the Government of India and
Dr. F. C. Minett, Director, Imperial Veterinary Research
Institute, Mukteswar, visited the college during the year.
66. Mass Literacy.—The Mass Literacy anniversary was
celebrated in the college with enthusiasm. A largely attended
meeting was held and prizes were given to the new literates of
Khajpura and Sheikhpura centres that were under the super-
vision of the college in the previous year. A lecture by the
Director, Veterinary Services, was delivered who also joined
the procession.
A literacy centre was started at the college in August, 1939
and 30 to 34 menials of the college inclusive of 2 outsiders
joined the class. Six teachers from the subordinate staff were
appointed. An examination was held in February, 1940 and
it was seen that 50 per cent of the pupils could both read and
write satisfactorily.
The expenditure over the purchase of slates and pencils
was met by subscription from the members of the staff.
CHAPTER III.
TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
67. Incidence of contagious diseases.—During the year
under review the general condition of cattle was on the whole
satisfactory. Contagious cattle diseases, e. g., Rinderpest,
Hæmorrhagic Septicæemia, Foot and Mouth disease and Bovine
Surra were reported from almost all the districts of the province.
Black Quarter appeared in all the districts except Purnea and
Ranchi while Anthrax occurred in Champaran, Purnea,
12
Palamau, Hazaribagh, Santal Parganas, Shahabad and Gaya.
Sporadic cases of Equine Surra were reported from Muzaffarpur,
Darbhanga, Bhagalpur (South), Patna and Santal Parganas.
There were altogether 4,430 outbreaks of different contagi-
ous live-stock diseases of which 4,330 were attended by the staff.
In these outbreaks 44,224 attacks with 18,342 deaths were
recorded during the year as against 63,574 attacks and 22,197
deaths in 5,524 outbreaks of the previous year. The number of
deaths recorded in Equines is excluded from the above figures.
68. Statistics of live-stock diseases.—The table below
shows the distribution of outbreaks, seizures, deaths, etc., range
by range, as well as their area and live-stock population :—
Range.
1
North
Bihar
Range.
Central Range ...
Chota
Nagpur
Sub-Range.
Total ...
Area
in
square
mile.
2
20,457
21,907
27,013
69,377
Live-stock popu-
lation.
3
10,544,878
7,876,838
5,813,851
24,254,567
Number of
outbreaks
reported.
4
907
2,125
1,398
4,430
Number of
outbreaks
attended.
5
907
2,114
1,309
4,330
Number of
animals
affected.
6
11,259(a)
19,155(b)
13,810(c)
44,224
Number
of
deaths
7
2,826
10,805
4,736
(d)
18,367
* The figures are according to the census of 1930.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Includes 6,687 cases of Foot and Month diseas).
„ 5,181 „ „ „ „ „ „ „
„ 4,478 „ „ „ „ „ „
„
25
Equines.
69. Reporting of diseases.—The appearance of outbreaks of
the contagious diseases continued to be reported through the
Agricultural Department, Co-operative Societies, Rural Welfare
Officers, private persons and village chaukidars. 116 chaukidars
were rewarded for their promptitude in reporting outbreaks
while 88 were punished for neglect of their duty in this respect.
EQUINES.
70. Glanders and Farcy.—There was no report.
71. Surra.—Five outbreaks were reported in which 7
ponies were affected in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga,
Patna, Bhagalpur and Palamau with 2 casualties. Naganol
injections were carried out in these cases.
72. Dourine.—There was no report.
73. Anthrax.—3 deaths from Anthrax were recorded among
the Mounted Military Police Ponies while in camp at Gaya.
13
74. Tetanus.—Eleven cases were reported from the North
Bihar and the Central Rarges of which 9 proved fatal.
75. Strangles.—There were 7 outbreaks of strangles in the
Central Range affecting 22 animals, but no mortality.
76. Rabies.—Six cases were reported from the Central
Range and all proved fatal.
BOVINE.
77. Rinderpest.—This disease was reported from all the
districts except Muzaffarpur, and was of a virulent type in the
districts of Gaya, Shahabad and Ranchi. Highest mortality was
reported from the district of Shababad with 320 outbreaks, 3,416
seizures and 1,380 deaths. Altogether 1,801 outbreaks were
reported and of 17,687 seizures 7,828 (including 3,628 buffaloes)
died as against 1,569 outbreaks, 16,756 seizures and 7,826 deaths
of 1938-39. The problem of tackling this disease at its source in
areas like the Kaimur hills is receiving the attention of the
Department.
78. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—This disease was reported
from all the districts, severe epidemics were, however, confined
to the districts of Patna, Gaya, Darbhanga, Santal Parganas and
Ranchi with 952, 738, 486, 940 and 439 deaths, respectively.
During the year 1,566 outbreaks were reported affecting 8,174
animals with 6,163 deaths (including 3,137 buffaloes) as compa-
red to 1,813 outbreaks, 10,480 seizures and 7,628 deaths of the
previous year.
79. Foot and Mouth disease.—This disease too was reported
from all the districts, the incidence being specially high in
Purnea, Monghyr, Darbhanga, Patna, Gaya and Ranchi. In
all 59 deaths were recorded during the year of a total seizures
of 16,290 in 696 outbreaks as compared with 199 deaths, 32,362
seizures and 1,446 outbreaks of the preceding year.
80. Black Quarter.—All the districts except Ranchi were
affected. In a total of 153 outbreaks, 652 animals were affected
and 542 died against 362 outbreaks, 2,003 attacks and 1,583
deaths of the previous year. The death rate was highest in
Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur (South).
81. Anthrax.—Anthrax cases were rare in the North Bihar
Range there being only four attacks and two deaths. Outbreaks
were prevalent in all the districts of the Central Range and the
Chota Nagpur Sub-Range except Bhagalpur, Monghyr and
Manbhum, recording 94 outbreaks, 700 attacks and 511 deaths
as compared to 70 outbreaks, 453 attacks and 356 deaths of the
year 1938-39.
82. Surra.—This disease was reported from ten districts,
viz., Patna, Gaya, Shahabad, Saran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga,
Purnea, Santal Parganas, Palamau and Manbhum and accounted
for 116 deaths in 23 outbreaks at conpared to 139 deaths in 24
outbreaks of the previous year.
14
83. Other diseases.—14 outbreaks of ephemeral fever were
reported from 4 districts with 84 seizures and 36 deaths.
Besides, there were 28 deaths from Rabies, 9 from Parasitic
Diarrhcea, 1 from Piroplasmosis and 257 from other unclassified
diseases. There were 63 attacks in 7 outbreaks of Otorrhoea in
buffaloes but no deaths.
84. Other causes.—35 cattle died of other causes during the
year under report.
85. Sheep, goats and dogs.—Table 1 appended to the report
gives the mortality statistics of these animals. Altogether 102
deaths of sheep, goats and dogs were reported and of these 47
represent cases of rabies in dogs, 13 oases of scab in goats and
4 cases of anthrax in sheep. 38 animals died of other contagious
and parasitic diseases. In addition to these 205 sheep, 589 goats
and 129 dogs died of other causes.
86. Avian.—50 deaths out of 63 attacks in outbreaks of
Doyle's disease in birds were recorded. One death is reported
from Malaria.
PREVENTIVE INOCULATIONS.
87. During the year the staff continued to exert to immunise
cattle by all the prescribed methods of inoculation and it is to their
credit that a record number of 691,865 animals were protected
showing an increase of 75,145 over the previous year's figure
(616,720). This work
was undertaken in 1,268 outbreaks
occurring in 2,565 villages with a total bovine population of
843,406. In these villages 11,683 animals died during the course
of outbreaks while 413 deaths only were recorded among the
inoculated animals giving a percentage of .05 deaths. The above
figures include 26 equines protected with anti-anthrax serum
and anthrax spore vaccine.
Of the total number 296,467 inoculations were performed in
the North Bibar Range, 237,604 in the Central Range and
157,794 in the Chota Nagpur Sub-Range. The details are
shown in Table II.
88. Rinderpest.—Protection was given against rinderpest
by two different methods, viz., by 'serum alone' and by 'goat
tissue virus' in all districts.
(a) 'Serum alone' method.—Altogether 100,216 animals
were protected by the 'serum alone' method as compared with
77,478 of the previous year. 237 deaths were recorded among
the inoculated showing a percentage death of .2.
(b) Goat tissue virus method.—It is gratifying to note that
the Subordinate Veterinary Officers in addition to their multi-
farious duties managed to immunise 482,802 animals with goat
tissue virus as compared with 420,023 of the previous year.
89. Of this total 236,536 animals were protected in the
North Bihar Range, 145,233 in the Central Range and 101,033
GRAPH SHOWING THE GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF
THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT FROM 1912-13 To 1939-40
REASONS FOR INCREASE OR DECREASE ARE DUE TO FOLLOWING DEVELOPMENTS AND SEPARATION OF ORISSA FROM
BIHAR—
(A) START OF THE GOVT. CATTLE FARM IN 1926-27 WHICH WAS BROUGHT INTO COMPLETE WORKING ORDER IN 1930-31, (b) START OF THE NORTH BlHAR RANGE, MUZAFFARPUR IN 1921-22
(c) START OF THE ORISSA RANGE. CUTTACK IN 1923-24, (d) OPENING OF THE BIHAR VETERINARY COLLEGE IN 1930-31, (e) START OF THE CHOTANAGPUR SUB RANGE, RANCHI IN 1936-37 & CENTRAL RANGE
By-
R. Bhosha, Artist. AFTER THE SEPERATION OF ORISSA. Zincographed in the Bihar Survey Office, Gulzarbagh, Patna. IN 1937-38,
15
in the Ohota Nagpur Sub-Range. Purnea topped the districts
with a total of 56,991, Darbhanga was second with 38,695 and
Champaran followed close on with 37,096. Only 119 animals
succumbed to the disease or its complications as compared with
125 during the previous year.
Protection by this method was given both in the face of
actual outbreaks as well as a prophylactic measure.
The experimental work done by the (Veterinary) Disease
Investigation Officer in this connection is detailed under head
'Investigation of Diseases'.
90. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—70,015 animals were
protected with Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum in 323 out-
breaks as compared with 78,682 in 373 outbreaks of the preced-
ing year. 38 deaths were recorded among the inoculated
animals. In addition to the 'serum alone' method protection
was also given with Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccine to 18,842
animals. Only 2 among the inoculated animals died.
91. Anthrax.—9,907 Bovines were protected with Anti-
Anthrax serum in 55 outbreaks as compared with 9,541 in 51
outbreaks in the year 1938-39.
In addition 26 Mounted Military Police horses were
vaccinated or re-vaccinated with Burma Spore Vaccine.
92. Black Quarter.—Two products, viz., 'serum' and
'vaccine' were used in giving protection to animals against this
disease. The number of animals inoculated by these methods
was 10,057 in 25 outbreaks as compared with 17,339 in 76 out-
breaks of the preceding year. 5 animals among the inoculated
died of the disease.
93. Supply of sera and vaccine.—Sera and vaccine valued
at Rs. 61,798-10-0 including the cost of bottles and boxes were
obtained during the year from the Imperial Veterinary Research
Institute, Mukteswar and the Branch Serum Institute, Izatnagar
for supply to different customers through the serum depots of
the department.
Out of the total sum of Rs. 97,037-1-4 due to the Mukteswar
Institute, a sum of Rs. 60,911-4-9 was recovered from the
local bodies and other customers and credited to Government
leaving a balance of Rs. 36,125-12-7 outstanding against local
bodies on the 1st April, 1940.
94. Increase in the number of Veterinary Dispensaries.—
Owing to steady increase in the volume of work demanded of the
touring veterinary assistant surgeons the necessity for opening
more veterinary dispensaries was keenly felt but the financial
position of the local bodies did not permit of adequate expansion.
During the year under report the post of (3rd) touring veteri-
18
nary assistant surgeon for the Hazaribagh Sadr Subdivision,
which was maintained by Government up to 1932 and then
abolished as a measure of economy, was revived by the district
board on a temporary basis for six months. The proposal for
permanent retention of both the (3rd and 4th) posts of touring
veterinary assistant surgeons in Purnea Sadr Subdivision was
considered by the district board and it was decided to retain
both the posts for one year more for the present. The post of
(2nd) touring veterinary assistant surgeon for the Supaul Sub-
division mentioned in the previous report was sanctioned during
the year but could not be filled as the question of location of the
dispensary at a suitable place remained undecided by the district
board. In addition to this the district boards of Shahabad and
Champaran have each promised to provide funds for one addi-
tional post. The question of appointment of a (2nd) touring
veterinary assistant surgeon for the Khunti Subdivision is under
consideration of the district board, Ranchi.
NUMBER OF ANIMALS TREATED.
95. During the year 429,847 fresh cases were treated by
touring veterinary assistant surgeons both at headquarters and
in mofussil as against 430,088 patients treated in the year
1938-39 and 374,203 in 1937-38.
The figure 429,847
includes 21,901 cases of contagious diseases, 307,705 of non-
contagious diseases and 100,241 castrations. In addition to the
above 41,429 old cases continued to receive treatment.
96. The touring staff visited 58,719 villages during the year
as against 56,066 villages visited by them in the year 1938-39
and 51,292 in 1937-38.
Details of work done by the touring veterinary assistant
surgeons are shown in Table IV.
97. Rural field veterinary dispensaries.—The campaign of
treating cases at important rural centres continued with full
vigour. A perusal of the figures of cases treated at these centres
will reveal the popularity these institutions have gained amongst
the live-stock owners. During the year 27 additional field dispen-
saries were opened in the Central Range and the total number at
work in the Province at the end of the year was 199 as against 172
in the previous year. At present almost all the touring veteri-
nary assistant surgeons have got two rural field dispensaries
under them which they attend once a week and it is not possible
to increase the number of these dispensaries without a corres-
ponding increase in the number of touring veterinary assistant
surgeons. Altogether 205,096 fresh cases including 51,951
castrations were treated at these dispensaries as compared with
178,036 fresh cases treated during 1938-39. In addition, 4,115
old cases were supplied with medicines.
17
VETERINARY HOSPITALS.
98. There has not been any increase in the number of
veterinary hospitals and the total number remained at 29.
The district board, Purnea dropped the proposal of converting
the Araria veterinary dispensary into a hospital on financial
grounds. The question of running a veterinary hospital at the
headquarters station of Palaman district which was reopened
during the year also fell through due to financial reasons.
99. Construction and Repair of Veterinary Hospitals and
Dispensaries.—To
remove congestion at the Muzaffarpur
Veterinary Hospital, the District Board initiated a move to
acquire some Government land in the old Collector's compound
but the matter was dropped on account of paucity of funds. The
provision of accommodation for the dispensary opened at Dhanaha
is receiving the consideration of the District Board, Champaran.
The question of construction of new buildings for the
Government veterinary dispensary, Simdega, by Government,
for which the District Board, Ranchi have promised a grant
was re-opened during the year but no progress was made.
(The project has since been approved in 1940-11.)
100. Number of patients treated at veterinary hospitals.—
The number of in and out-patients treated at 29 veteri-
nary hospitals including those at Dinapore, Jamui, Daltonganj
and Lohardaga as well as the Bihar Veterinary College hospi-
tal was 117,319 as compared with 119,070 patients treated
in 1938-39 and 103,459 in 1937-38. In addition 24,340 castra-
tions were performed, 164,926 old cases were treated as out-
patients and 16,834 patients not brought to hospitals were
supplied with medicines as compared with 22,380 castrations
performed, 132,171 old cases treated and 18,798 patients supplied
with medicines during 1938-39
CHAPTER IV.
Breeding Operations.
101. Control
of Live-stock
improvement.—There is
nothing further to add to the remarks made in the last year's
report. The activities of the Department in this respect remained
confined to the Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, Patna.
101-A. Stud bulls.—During the year 8 bulls were obtained —
2 by District Board, Santal Parganas, and 1 each by the District
Boards, Patna and Monghyr, and 4 by the Agriculture Depart-
ment. The total number of bulls at stud at the end of the year
was only 63 and Rs. 8,444 was spent for their upkeep.
Particulars are shown in Table VIA.
At the end of the year there were 59 approved male
buffaloes at stud as shown in Table VIB.
18
There was no horse or donkey stallion at stud during the
year.
102. Castrations.—The policy of eliminating scrub bulls
by means of castration (Burdizzos') continued as usual.
Altogether 124,581 bulls and bull calve9 were castrated by the
staff as compared with 115,826 in the preceding year; of these
66,481 were castrated in the North Bihar Range, 41,602 in the
Central Range and 16,498 in the Chota Nagpur Sub-Range.
In addition 78 entire horses and 2,900 pigs, etc., were also
castrated in the Central Range.
CATTLE FARM.
Cattle breeding and dairy farm, Patna.
103. Supervision.—I supervised the work of the Farm
till the 10th of August, 1939 when Dr. A. C. Chaudhuri, b. sc.,
Ph. D. (Edin.), Professor of Hygiene, Dietetics and Animal
Husbandry, Bihar Veterinary College was placed in charge.
Babu Sunder Lall worked as Manager up to the 28th
January, 1940 when his services were terminated for unsatis-
factory work and Babu M. M. Banerji, Veterinary Inspector
was appointed temporary manager and worked as such up to
the end of the year.
104. Live-stock.—On the 1st April, 1939 the Farm herd
consisted of 15 desi cows, 137 Tharparkar cows, 126 Tharparkar
male calves, 201 Tharparkar female calves, 23 cross-bred male
calves, 18 cross-bred female calves, 56 bullocks, 14 Tharparkar
bulls, 1 cross-bred bull and 1 pony or a total of 592 animals.
During the year 67 Tharparkar male calves, 68 Tharparkar
female calve9, 7 cross-bred male calves and 6 cross-bred female
calves were born at the Farm and one cross-bred bull was
received back from the Bihar Veterinary College raising the
total number to 741. Of this number there were 23 casualties,
108 animals were sold to district boards, local Bodies and
private persons, 16 animals were sent to Pinjrapole and one
bull was transferred to the Bihar Veterinary College bringing
down the strength of the herd to 593 on the last day of the
year as shown in Table XVI.
105. Disease and disease protection at the Farm.—The
23 casualties at the Farm referred to above were due to the
following diseases:—
Johne's disease, Foot and Mouth disease, pneumonia, bron-
cho-pneumonia, gastro-entritis, encephalomyelitis, coccidiosis and
black-quarter.
Foot and Mouth disease which appeared in the month of
February, 1939 continued up to May, 1939; the disease
appeared again amongst the young stock in the month of
August, 1939 and continued up to 20th September, 1939. The
disease was of a virulent type and six deaths occurred.
Black-quarter appeared in the herd on the last day of
March, 1940 and was confined to the young stock only. There