NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
xii
TABLE
Abst, act of particulars regarding Cattle Fairs
Province.
1
I. Sitarmarhi ...
2. Khagra ...
3. Chatra ...
4. Bihta ...
6. Sonepur ...
6. Barahpar ...
7. Dharamgunj ...
8. Biswa bhusanda
9. Loalong ...
10. Chandardohi ...
11. Madhuban ...
12. Bettiah adehra
13. Rafigunj ...
14. Niazipur
...
15. Singeshwar than
16. Motipur ...
17. Hardi ...
18. Tirhut
show
(Muzaffarpur).
Total ...
Number
of Cattle Fairs and
Shows held.
2
...
1
1
1
1
2
2
...
...
...
...
...
2
...
1
1
1
19
Number
of stock pre
sent.
Bulls.
3
...
110
...
25
8
...
325
...
...
250
...
...
...
14
...
...
...
2
734
Bullocks.
4
...
3,050
10,800
5,000
45,000
24,200
2,250
5,000
2,000
1,500
7,000
8,000
10,000
3,010
...
44,000
30,000
12
260,822
Cows.
6
...
150
2,000
200
1,419
1,217
300
600
800
350
...
...
500
794
...
500
30
8
8,868
Young stock.
6
...
500
4,200
1,000
...
2,886
800
700
400
750
...
4,000
500
1,179
...
500
10,000
4
27,419
Buffaloes.
7
...
3,265
2,255
300
1,405
2,514
3,823
1,000
1,500
2,6530
...
...
2,000
609
...
100
80
4
21,507
Camels.
8
...
270
...
1
65
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
336
Others.
9
...
270
768
90
660
...
...
...
500
...
...
...
50
...
...
...
...
6
2,344
Average
price of
Bulls.
10
Rs.
...
52
...
30
...
...
30
to
65
...
...
35
to
60
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bullocks.
11
Rs.
...
75
21
60
100
to
200
70
to
150
35
to
165
18
25
40
to
100
...
...
30
70
to
150 ...
70
100
Cows.
12
Rs.
...
30
10
50
18
40
110
to
280
40
to
130
15
to
45
25
20
30
to
40
100
100
25
40
to
130
...
60
150
Not
for sale
...
...
...
xiii
XIV.
and Shows held during the year 1920-21.
animals sold.
Buffaloes.
13
Rs.
...
60
to
150
30
150
116
to
325
40
to
175
87
to
170
16
30
25
to
90
...
...
20
40
to
176
100
90
...
...
Camels.
14
Rs.
...
75
to
150
...
50
80
to
250
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Amount realized in fees.
15
Rs.
...
...
1,800
687
2,000
...
...
1,707
7,300
852
1,425
2,000
...
...
1,289
85
...
2,700
4,000
...
25,435
Total number of animals that
competed for prizes.
16
...
...
185
...
80
...
84
87
...
...
...
...
...
592
...
...
...
20
948
Prizes awarded.
Prom Imperial Funds.
17
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
From Provincial
Funds.
18
Rs.
...
...
150
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
150
From Local Funds.
19
Rs.
...
...
150
...
...
...
120
190
...
...
...
...
...
...
630
...
...
...
...
1,090
From other sources.
20
Rs.
...
...
185
...
131
...
...
...
202
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
105
623
Total.
21
Rs.
...
...
485*
...
131
...
120
392
...
...
...
...
...
...
680
...
...
...
105
1,863
Number
of medals awarded.
23
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Remarks.
23
The fair was held
in
April
1921
instead of March.
*Out of Rs. 483
only Rs. 410 was
actually awarded.
XIV
TABLE XIV(A).
Statement showing the expenditure of the Civil Veterinary Department during the year
1920-21 in the Province of Bihar and Orissa.
Heads of Account.
1
Superintendence
...
Veterinary Instruction ...
Subordinate Establishment ...
Hospitals and Dispensaries ...
Prizes ...
Fairs and Shows ...
Breeding Operations ...
Total ...
Amount.
Imperial.
2
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Provincial.
3
Rs.
58,167
...
81,985
15,218
...
...
...
1,05,370
a.
7
4
3
14
p.
8
1
1
5
Local.
4
Rs.
..
5,210
39,844
1,15,021
..
4,130
8,444
1,72,650
a.
.
8
0
14
.
3
3
13
p.
3
2
8
0
8
4
Total.
5
Rs.
58,167
5,210
71,829
1,30,240
...
4,130
8,444
2,78,021
a.
7
8
4
1
3
3
11
p.
3
3
3
4
0
8
9
B. &O. G. P (C V. D.) No. 2—250-12-8-1921—S.J. N.
No. 9795—VETY.-98.R.
GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR AND ORISSA.
REVENUE DEPARTMENT.
RESOLUTION.
Dated Ranchi, the 28h September 1921.
READ—
The Annual Report of the Civil Veterinary Department for the year l920-21.
Mr. Quiulan was in charge of the Department throughout the year and
spent 172 days on tour of inspection. Captain Riley, the second Imperial
officer, who joined his appointment in March 1920, after completing his
special training at Muktesar,- assisted Mr. Quinlan till the latter proceeded on
combined leave in the middle of April 1921 and has been acting for him since
then. The present Report has been written by him.
2. The Department has been placed on an independent basis, being separ-
ated from the Department of Agriculture. The Veterinary Adviser is now
directly under Government in the Ministry of Education. In addition to two
Imperial officers, one officer in the Provincial Service, 13abu P. N. Das, held
subordinate charge as Deputy Superintendent. Proposals for a second Deputy
Superintendent were received during the year under report. The prospects of
the subordinate establishment were further improved in the course of the year
as a result of the general revision of pay of non-gazetted officers. It is
trusted that the terms now offered will attract suitable men to the service, while
the periodical professional examinations should secure that their knowledge
remains up to date. It is, however, regrettable that the location of the Training
College for veterinary candidates outside the province at Belgachia still
appears to hinder satisfactory recruitment from residents of Bihar and Orissa,
though to a less extent than formerly. The standard of teaching at the
College is reported to be urgently in need of improvement. For these reasons,
and in view of the opinions expressed in the recent debate in the Legislative
Council, Government are re-examining the possibility of establishing a
Veterinary College in this province.
3. After a year of comparative immunity epidemic diseases of cattle
returned with exceptional virulence. Rinderpest alone was responsible for
24,592 deaths as against 11,572 in the previous year. The number of out-
breaks of epidemic diseases rose from 3,021 to 5,050. No doubt to some extent
the rise can be explained by the improvement in reporting which increasing
trust in the remedies of the Department is gradually bringing about. At the
same time there is little doubt that the year was a particularly bad one for
epidemic diseases. The expansion of the activities of the Department, espe-
cially in the matter of providing a greater number of Veterinary Hospitals,
was discussed in the Legislative Council. Now that Government foel assured
that the public as a whole recognize the value of veterinary work in checking
the great economic loss caused by disease, they propose, with the assistance of
the newly appointed Advisory Board for the Agricultural and Veterinary
Departments, to explore all possible means of making the fight against disease
more effective.
2
4. The Department performed 92,030 inoculations against epidemic
diseases as compared with 54,913 in the previous year. This is satisfactory
evidence that the increased severity of the attacks was met by increased
activity. Government note with special interest the successful application of
the method known as " serum simultaneous" inoculation to the Pusa and
Kanke herds. This method is believed to confer permanent immunity against
rinderpest, avoiding the necessity, which the ordinary method entails, of
repeating the inoculations at fairly frequent intervals. Captain Riley, under
whose personal supervision the experiments were made, is to be congratulated
on their success, especially as it is understood that the method has not been
tried on a large scale hitherto in India.
5. The subject of cattle-breeding is one which must engage the early
attention of the Advisory Board. The two farms at Sipaya and Bettiah have
done useful pioneer work, but clearly cannot by themselves effect any substan-
tial improvement in view of the vast cattle population of the province. It is
satisfactory, however, to notice that the progeny of the stud bulls supplied
from Sipaya to the Shahabad District Board show a distinct improvement over
the ordinary young stock of the district.
6. Government acknowledge the valuable services rendered by local bodies
in connection with veterinary work, especially in the matter of building
hospitals and dispensaries. Money has been provided in the present year's-
budget to assist local bodies to build hospitals at Patna, Dumka and Chaibassa.
Government also acknowledge the services of Mr. Quinlan, who has held charge
of the department since the creation of the province and to whom the credit
of the increasing recognition of its utility by the public is largely due. They
also note with satisfaction the commendation of the officers mentioned for
good work by the Veterinary Adviser and thank Captain Riley for his interest-
ing report.
ORDER.—Ordered that the Resolution be published in the. Bihar ans
Orissa Gazette and that a copy of it. together with a copy of the Report, be
submitted to the Government of India.
By order of the Government of Bihar and Orissa
(Ministry of Education),
J. A. HUBBACK,
Secretary to Government.
MEMO. No.
.
Dated Patna, the
October 1921.
Copy forwarded to the Veterinary Adviser to the Government of Bihar
and Orissa, for information.
By order of the Government of Bihar and Orissa
(Ministry of Education),
B. M. CHATTARJI,
Offg. Under-Secretary to Government.
MEMO. NO.
R.
Dated Patna, the
October 1921.
Copy forwarded to the Local Self-Government and Financial Depart-
ments of Government for information.
By order of the Government of Bihar and Orissa
(Ministry of Education),
B. M. CHATTARJI,
Offg. Under-Secretary to Government,
B. &. O. G. P. (R. & J.) No. 45-200+ 4—4-10-1921—II. P. G.
[Maximum Limit—8 pages].
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT.
BIHAR AND ORISSA.
FOR THE YEAR 1920-21.
PREFACE AND GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
MR. D. QUINLAN held charge of the Department throughout the year.
During the period he inspected the hospitals and dispensaries at Barh and Bihar;
Gaya, Sherghati and Aurangabad; Arrah and Sasaram; Chapra; Motihari
and Bettiah ; Samastipur ; Bhagalpur ; Cuttack; Puri and Khurda ; Angul ;
Sambalpur ; Ranchi and Khunti; Purulia ; Hazaribagh and Giridih and Chai-
bassa; selected the sites for the proposed Divisional Offices and experimental
stations at Muzaffarpur and Cuttack; saw the Khedda elephants at Angul ;
visited the cattle farms at Sipaya and Bettiah and was present at the show
at Niazipur in Shahabad. Mr. Quinlan also acted as an Examiner at the
annual examinations of the Madras Veterinary College. He was on tour for
17.2 days.
During the above period I was deputed for three months and ten days
from the 20th May, 1920, to the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory at Muk-
tesar for special training. On return from there I acted as Second Superinten-
dent, dealing principally with work connected with the districts of North
Bihar. In November I visited the Military dairies at Ferozpore, Ambala and
Lucknow ; Lahore Veterinary College ; the Hissar cattle farm in the Punjab
and Amritsar Fair where I selected a few animals for the Bettiah Raj ; ins-
pected the hospitals and dispensaries at Motihari, Bettiah, Muzaffarpur, Sita
marhi. Laheriasarai, Samastipur, Madhubani, Begusarai, Jamui, Bhabua,
Supaul, Deoghur, Purnea, Katihar and Araria; attended as an Examiner at
the annual examinations of the Bengal Veterinary College and the Agricultural
College, Sabour. I was also present at the fairs at Sonepur, Khagra, Bihta,
Barahpur, Motipur, Bettiah and Hardi, and conducted the inoculation of
cattle against Rinderpest at the Pusa and Kanke farms by the " Serum
simultaneous method ". I was on tour for 175 days.
A great change was effected in the administration of the Department as
it was separated from the Agricultural Department, the Superintendent having
been appointed Veterinary Adviser to the Government as well as head of the
department with effect from the 5th October, 1920.
Proposals for the construction of buildings for an office, experimental
station and residence for the second Imperial officer at Muzaffarpur at an
estimated cost of Rs. 70,400 were approved by Government but the Legis-
lative Council declined to vote funds during the current year. As it is essen-
tially necessary that the officer should take over charge of the North Bihar
Division as soon as he is relieved of his present charge, it is proposed to start
the office at Muzaffarpur in a hired bungalow as a temporary measure.
PART I.
VETERINARY INSTRUCTION.
Only ten boys, including one Government stipendiary, were admit-
ted to the Bengal Veterinary College against twenty of the previous year, the
decrease being chiefly due to greater attention paid to the educational quali-
fications of the candidates. It has now been definitely settled that in future no
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
BIHAR
FOR THE YEAR
1936-37
SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BIHAR.
1938.
[Price—Rs. 1-3-0.]
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
BIHAR
For The Year
1936-37
SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BIHAR.
1938. [Price—Rs. 1-3-0.]
Priced Publications of the Government of Bihar,
can be had from—
IN INDIA.
The Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar,
Gulzarbagh, P. O.
(1) MESSRS. THACKER SPINK & Co., Calcutta.
(2) MESSRS. W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
(3) MESSRS. S. K. LAHIRI & Co., College Street, Calcutta.
(4) MESSRS. R. CAMBRAY & Co., 6 and 8-2, Hastings Street, Calcutta.
(5) MESSRS. THOMPSON & Co., Madras.
(6) MESSRS. D. B. TARAPOREVALA SONS & Co., 103, Meadow Street, Fort, Post
Box no. 18, Bombay.
(7) Messrs. M. C. Sibkar & Sons, 75, Harrison Road, Calcutta.
(8) Proprietor or the Newal Kishore Press, Lucknow.
(9) MESSRS. M. N. Burman & Co., Bankipore.
(10) Babu Ram Dayal Agarwala, 184, Katra Road, Allahabad.
(11) The Standard Literature Co., Ltd., 13-1, Old Court House Street, Calcutta.
((12) MANAGER OF THE INDIAN SCHOOL SUPPLY DEPÔT, 309, Bow Bazar Street, Calcu
(13) MESSRS. BUTTERWORTH & Co., LTD., 6, Hastings Street, Calcutta.
(14) MESSRS. BAM KRISHNA & SONS, Anarkali Street, Lahore.
(15) THE OXFORD BOOK AND STATIONERY COMPANY, Delhi.
(16) MESSRS. DAS BROTHERS, Nouzerkatra, Patna City.
(17) THE BOOK COMPANY, 4/4(a), College Square, Calcutta
(18) Mu. K. L. MATHUR, Guzri, Patna City.
(19) MESSRS. RAGHUNATH PRASAD & SONS, Patna City
(20) THE GRANTHA MANDIR, Cuttack.
(21) BABU MADAN MOHAN SINGH, PROPRIETOR, MESSRS. R. P. SINHA & BROTHER
Guzri, Patna City.
(22) MESSRS. SAMPSON WILLIAM & Co., 127_B, The Mall, Cawnpur.
(23) THE NEW BOOK COMPANY, Publishers and Booksellers, 'Kitab Mahal'
192 Horby Road, Bombay.
(24) PROPRIETOR SARESWATI PUSTAKALAYA, Booksellers and Stationers, Daltonganj,
(Palamau).
(25) MESSRS, R. S. TOMARA & SONS, Publishers and Booksellers, Opposite Fort
Gate, Delhi.
(26) MESSRS. HEM CHANDRA NEOGY & COMPANY, Bankipore, Patna.
(27) PROPRIETOR, KAMALA BOOK STORE, Bankipore, Patna.
IN EUROPE AND AMERICA
THE OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA, Public Department, India Hou
No. 665-V. D.
From
Major P. B. RILEY, I.V.S.,
DIRECTOR, VETERINARY SERVICES,
BIHAR,
To
THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF
BIHAR, EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT, PATNA.
Dated Patna, the 9th February 1938.
Subject.—Annual Administration Report of the Civil Veterinary
Department, Bihar, for 1936-37.
Sir,
I have the honour to submit herewith in duplicate the
Annual Report of the Civil Veterinary Department, Bihar
for the year 1936-37.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
P. B. RILEY, Major, i.v.s.,
Director, Veterinary Services
Bihar.
6 D. V. S.
G0NTENT8.
CHAPTER I.
General Administration .. ..
Ranges—
(a) North Bihar .. .. ..
(b) Central .. .. ..
(c) Chota Nagpur .. .. ..
(d) (Veterinary) Disease Investigation Officer
CHAPTER II.
Veterinary instruction—
Bihar Veterinary College—
(a) Charge .. .. ..
(b) Teaching and Subordinate Staff
..
(c) Admission of Students .. ..
(d) Training, Examination etc. .. ..
(e) Veterinary Hospital .. ..
(f) Research Laboratory .. ..
(g) College serum depot .. ..
General Remarks— .. ..
Professional Examination and Training ..
CHAPTER III.
Treatment of diseases—
1. Incidence of Contagious Diseases .. ..
(a) Statistics .. .. ..
(b) Reporting of diseases .. ..
2. Equines—
(a) Glanders and Farcy .. ..
(b) Surra .. .. ..
(c) Dourine .. .. ..
(d) Anthrax
.. .. ..
Page.
1
..
2
..
3
..
4
..
5
.. 5
.. 6
.. 6
.. 7
.. 8
.. 8
.. 9
..
9
.. 10
.. 10
.. 11
.. 11
.. 12
.. 12
.. 12
.. 12
ii
CHAPTER III—concld.
3. Other Equine Diseases—
(a) Strangles .. .. ..
(b) Tetanus .. .. ..
(c) Other causes .. .. ..
4. Bovine—
(a) Rinderpest .. .. ..
(b) Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia .. ..
(c) Foot and mouth disease .. .. ..
(d) Blackquarter .. .. ...
(e) Anthrax
..
..
..
(f) Surra.. .. ..
(g) Other (contagious) diseases .. .. ..
5 Other causes—
Sheep, goats and dogs .. ..
Camels .. .. .. ..
Avian diseases .. .. .. ..
6. Preventive inoculations—.
(a) Number of inoculations performed .. ..
(b) Against rinderpest (serum alone method)
(c)
„
„
(goat tissue virus method)
(d)
„
hæmorrhagic septicæmia .. ..
(e)
„
anthrax.. ..
(f)
„
blackquarter .. ..
(g) Supply of sera and vaccines .. .. ..
(h) Serum depot .. .. ..
7. Number of animals treated—
(a) Veterinary dispensaries .. .. ..
(b) Work of veterinary assistant surgeons
(c) Villages visited .. .. ..
(d) Rural veterinary dispensaries .. ..
8. Hospitals—
(a) Number of hospitals .. .. ..
(b) Construction and repair of veterinary hospitals and
dispensaries .. .. .. ..
(c) Number of patients treated .. .. ..
Page.
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
iii
CHAPTER IV.
Breeding operations—
(a) Control of live-stock improvement .. ..
(b) Stud bulls .. .. .. ..
(c) Castration .. .. .. ..
2. Cattle farms—
Patna cattle-breeding and dairy farm—
(a) Staff.. .. .. .. ..
(b) Live-stock .. .. .. ..
(c) Supply of breeding bulls .. .. ..
(d) Milk and milk products .. .. ..
(e) Cultivation ... .. .. ...
(f) Trees and orchards ... .. .. ...
(g) Plant and machinery .. .. ..
(h) Revenue and expenditure .. .. ..
3. Horse breeding .. .. .. ..
4. Fairs and shows .. .. .. ..
CHAPTER V.
Establishment—
(a) Provincial .. .. .. ..
(b) Subordinate .. .. .. ..
CHAPTER VI.
Laboratories—
General .. .. .. ..
Investigation of diseases—
(a) Work of the (Veterinary) Disease Investigation Officer
(b) Investigation and experimental treatment in Ranges ..
CHAPTER VII.
Expenditure .. .. .. ..
Page.
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
23
24
24
28
28
iv
CHAPTER VIII.
General remarks—
(a) Propaganda
.. .. ..
(b) Programme of work .. ..
(c) Natural calamities .. ..
(d) Paper written or published .. ..
(e) Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ..
(f) Acknowledgment .. .. ..
Appendices .. .. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Page.
28
29
29
29
29
29
i—xxxix
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Civil Veterinary Department, Bihar
for the year 1936-37.
CHAPTER 1.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
As Orissa was separated from the rest of the Province from
1st April 1936, this report represents the activities of the Civil
Veterinary Department, Bihar, only. The nomenclature "Bihar
and Orissa" has also been changed into "Bihar".
I held charge of the department throughout the year and
being the Head of the Department was also in administrative
charge of the Bihar Veterinary College including the control
of the Cattle-breeding and Dairy Farm, Patna. The work of
the Central Range and the (Veterinary) Disease Investigation
Officer was carried out under my direct control, and for one
month I held complete charge of the Central Range in addition
to my duties when the range officer, Mr. S. K. Sen, was on leave.
2. Daring the year I visited as many as 1-1 districts, and
inspected 19 veterinary hospitals and 28 veterinary dispensaries.
What specially characterised most of my tours this year was that
I met the District Officers by previous arrangements and dis-
cussed with them the various cattle problems of the Province.
3. In June 1936 I was deputed to Jamshedpur to inspect
and study the working of the experimental Farm of the Tata
Iron and Steel Company, Limited, and with Mr. C. A. Maclean,
the Deputy Director of Agriculture, submitted to the Company
a joint report on its future management.
4. As a member of the Advisory Board of the Imperial
Council of Agricultural Research I attended the two meeting
of the Board held at Delhi and Simla. As a member of the
Examining Board, I conducted the annual and diploma examina-
tions of the Bengal Veterinary College, Calcutta, for 1936-37.
I was deputed to Calcutta again where I assisted in the
purchase of horses for the Moun ed Military Police, Bihar and
the Police Training College, Hazaribagh.
1(a)
6 DVS
2
5. I visited Ranchi in connection with the arrival of His
Excellency the Viceroy and discussed questions relating to
improvement of livestock at a meeting held there. The newly
started Sub-Range office at Ranchi was inspected by me.
6. At headquarters, in addition to the ordinary office work,
I replied to many important references made by the Imperial
Council of Agricultural Research and also those arising out
of the Reforms.
As a member of the standing examination board I assisted
the Principal, Bihar Veterinary College, in making preliminary
arrangements for the annual and diploma examinations for
the session 1936-37, and acted as an examiner in those examina-
tions.
I also acted as the President and Head Examiner of the
Bihar Veterinary Examination Board for half-yearly professional
examinations of the subordinate officers,
interviewed and
selected the stipendiary students for admission to the Bihar
Veterinary College and paid frequent visits to the Patna Cattle-
breeding and Dairy Farm.
7. During the year the subject improvement of livestock
operations in India received an impetus from His Excellency
the Viceroy and in that connection I drew up and submitted
two separate schemes—one for the improvement of cattle in
Bihar and the other for carrying on castration work of the
department with a special staff systematically.
8. During the year I also paid a special visit to the Imperial
Veterinary Research Institute, Muktesar, and saw the condi-
tions under which goat tissue virus is prepared at the Institute.
I visited the Sonepur Pair.
9. I was on tour for 99 days and travelled 2,9S3 miles by
road, in addition to the journeys performed by rail.
NORTH BIHAR RANGE.
10. Deputy Director Mr. M. I. Malik, b.sc, m.b.c.v.s., held
charge of the range throughout the year. During the period ho
inspected most of the veterinary hospitals and dispensaries
numbering 43, and 18 rural veterinary dispensaries out of 59.
He visited the Government cattle farm and the (agricultural)
cattle and poultry farms at Patna and the important horse
and cattle fairs and shows held in the range. An outbreak of food
poisoning having occurred amongst the Bhutia ponies at the
Khagra Pair Mr. Malik attended the same and made personal
enquiries into the source of the infections.