NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
HUGH
McL.
GORDON
57
tests indicated that 1 fl. oz. of 4 per cent solution was an unsatisfactory treat-
ment.
(b) 2 fl. oz. of 4 per cent solution of copper sulphate.—This dose rate, double
that usually prescribed, was tested as soon as it was evident that the usual
dose was unsatisfactory. The double dose did not appear to possess un-
desirable toxic properties apart from causing temporary loss of appetite.
The ordinary dose also has this effect in some individuals.
(c) 2 ml. carbon tetrachloride in 3 ml. liquid paraffin.—This is the dose
widely used, for sheep six months old and over, against Fasciola hepatica
and Hoemonchus contortus.
Results
Results of the treatments are summarized in Table I.
TABLE I
Efficiency
Satisfactory . .
Not satisfactory .
1 fl. oz. 3 per cent
CuSO 4 solution
No.
6/21
15/21
Per cent
28.5
71.4
2 fl. oz. 4 per cent
CuSO 4 solution
No.
22/24
2/24
Per cent
91.6
9.3
2 ml. CCl. 4 in 3 ml.
liquid paraffin
No.
9/10
1/10
Per cent
90
10
It is seen that 1 oz. of 4 per cent solution of copper sulphate was an un-
satisfactory treatment against Haemonchus contortus, and that 2 oz. of 4 per
cent copper sulphate solution or 2 ml. carbon tetrachloride in 3 ml. liquid
paraffin were very satisfactory.
DISCUSSION
The purpose of this note is to record the observation that, while the
usually prescribed dose of carbon tetrachloride is effective against mature
H. contortus in adult sheep, copper sulphate solution, in the dose usually
prescribed for adult sheep, is not effective. It was found, however, that
twice the. usual dose, namely 2 oz. (60 ml.) of a 4 per cent solution was highly
efficient. (If it is considered that 2 oz. is too bulky a dose, 1 oz. of an 8 per
cent solution may be used).
Copper sulphate solution is widely used on account of its cheapness
and comparatively wide safety margin. Nevertheless, despite the above
findings in regard to the efficient dose rate for adult sheep, the dose rate for
younger sheep, up to 18 months of age, is effective and should not be exceeded
58
Treatment for H. contortus in Sheep
At the earliest opportunity trials will be undertaken to determine the
efficient dose rate of the copper sulphate nicotine sulphate mixture for hae-
monchosis in adult sheep, since this mixture has the additional advantage of
being relatively effective against the immature forms of H. contortus and
against Trichostrongylus spp.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The usually prescribed dose of copper sulphate (1 fl. oz. of 4 per cent
solution) is not an efficient treatment against H. contortus in adult sheep.
2. A dose of 2 fl. oz. of 4 per cent solution of copper sulphate (double the
usually prescribed dose) is very effective against H. contortus in adult sheep.
3. A dose of 2 ml. carbon tetrachloride in 3 ml. liquid paraffin is very
effective against H. contortus in adult sheep.
REFERENCES
Clunies Ross, I. (1934). Aust. Vet. J. 10, 11-23
Clunies Ross, I., and Gordon, H. McL. (1934). Aust. Vet. J. 10, 135
Gordon, H. McL. (1935). Aust. Vet. J. 11, 109
———————. Unpublished
Monnig, H. O. and Quin, J. I. (1935). Onderstepoort, J. Vet. Sci. 5, 485
Roberts, F. H. S. (1932). Qd. Agric. J. 38, 493
Seddon, H. R. and Clunies Ross, I. (1929). Vet. Res. Rep. N. S. W., No. 5, 62
No. 74 OF 1896.
Office of the Imperial Bacteriologist,
dated the 26th May 1896.
To
THE INSPECTOR GENERAL,
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT,
SIMLA.
SIR,
I have the honour to forward my Annual Report for the year 1895-96, in
accordance with the instructions from the Government of India, Revenue and
Agriculture, conveyed in their letter No. 3151-36, dated 6th November 1893,
communicated under your office letter No. 2090 M, of the 14th idem.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
ALFRED LINGARD, M.B.,
Professor of Comparative Pathology,
and Bacteriology, C. V. D., India.
B563-1
CONTENTS.
REPORT
APPENDIX I—
Journal for 1895-96
APPENDIX II—
Outbreaks of Surra during recent years—
(a) In districts of the Punjab
(b)
Do.
do. North-West Provinces
(c)
Do.
do. the Bombay Presidency ...
(d)
Do.
do. Burmah
Map showing the districts where Surra outbreaks have been prevalent during
the years 1893-1896.
Remarks
APPENDIX III—
Physiological and pathological problems re equines, during health and the
phases of Surra
A —Untreated cases of Surra.
Horse No. XCII. Summary and Table of Results
„ XCIII.
Ditto
ditto
B.—Treated cases of Surra.
(a) Arsenic, and later, double Iodides of Arsenic and Mercury
Horse No. LXXXIX (Cured)...
(i) Summary and Table of Results ...
(ii) Table of Nitrogen ingested and egested during 26 weeks
subsequent to treatment
(iii) Total gain by Nitrogen—Fat, moisture, &c. ...
(iv) Total dry matter digested during whole period
(v) Table showing per cent, of dry matter digested during 26
weeks convalescence from Surra
(vi) Water excreted
Horse No. XCI. Summary and Table
(6) Arsenic
Horse No. XCVI. Summary and Table ...
C.—Preliminary Treatment—
(a) Arsenic (54 days) ...
Horse No. XCVIII. Summary and Table
(b) Tri-iodide of Arsenic and Biniodide of Mercury (46 days)
Horse No. XCIX. Summary and Table
Table showing the chief facts connected with the above-mentioned
animals, during the different periods of health and disease (Surra)
massed together
Summary of results obtained from investigations with the ingesta and
egesta, during a period of observation before and succeeding inocula-
tion with Surra. Animals untreated—
Horse No. LXXXIX
(i) Summary and Tabular Statement...
(ii) Nitrogen ingested and egested. Table
(iii) Water excreted. Table
(iv) Quantity of dry food digested during paroxysms and inter-
missions ...
(v) Quantity of dry food digested during whole period
PAGE.
7
11
11
13
14
14
15
16
16
17
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
22
24
26
27
28
29
29
30
30
4
(vi) Blood
(α) Number and ratios of corpuscular constituents in health
and disease, together with the number of hæmatozoa
present in the paroxysms
(β) Hæmoglobin per cent. in health and disease
(γ) Percentage of corpuscles in massed periods
Mule I.—
(i) Summary and Tabular Statement
(ii) Nitrogen ingested and egested, showing total loss. Table
(iii) Percentages of water excreted as urine, dung, and by lungs and
skin
....
(iv) Percentage of dry matter digested during the whole period ...
(v) Percentages of dry matter digested during health and phases of
Surra
(vi) Blood
(a) Number and ratios of corpuscular constituents in health and
disease, together with the number of hæmatozoa present in
the paroxysms
(b) Percentage of corpuscles in each period as compared with
health
Mule II.—
(i) Summary and Table
(ii) Nitrogen ingested and egested, showing total loss. Table
(iii) Percentages of water excreted as urine, dung, and by lungs and
skin
...
...
(iv) Percentages of dry matter digested during health and phases of
Surra
(v) Percentage of dry matter digested during the whole period ...
(vi) Blood
(α) Number and ratios of corpuscular constituents in health and
disease, together with the number of hæmatozoa present in
the paroxysms
(β) Hæmoglobin percentages in health and disease ...
(γ) Percentage of corpuscles in each period as compared with
health
Remarks comparing the results obtained in the cases of Mule I and
Mule II ...
Table showing the chief facts connected with the above-mentioned animals
(Horse No. LXXXIX (2nd Series), Mule I and Mule II) during different
periods of health and disease, (Surra) when the various paroxysms and
intermissions are respectively massed together ...
...
...
Summary of observations made with regard to the changes occurring in the
constituents of the urine, and the ingesta and egesta, before and after
several inoculations with the hæmatozoon of the Bandicoot, and before
and after the administration of the double Iodides of Arsenic and
Mercury—
Donkey—(i) Summary and Tabular Statement ...
(ii) Nitrogen ingested and egested, showing total loss, Table...
(iii) Water excreted
(iv) Percentage of dry matter digested during periods of
observation after unsuccessful inoculation with the
hæmatozoon of the Bandicoot, and during and after
the administration of the double Iodides of Arsenic
and Mercury
(v) Percentage of dry matter digested during the whole period.
(vi) Blood
...
...
Number and ratio of the different corpuscular constituents in
healthy and after inoculation
...
...
...
PAGE
30
30
31
31
31
34
34
35
35
36
36
36
36
39
39
40
40
40
40
40
41
41
43
44
46
46
47
47
47
48
5
Summary showing the number and ratios of the corpuscular constituents of
the blood of Surra Horses subjected to treatment with Arsenic and Iron;
together with the days of disease and treatment, and the amount of the
drugs administered, when a cure was effected, and when death followed
respectively—
(i) Table of corpuscular elements in health. Horse—Mule-
Donkey... ....
(ii)
Do.
During treatment of Surra...
Summary of the number and ratios of the corpuscular constituents of the
blood of Guinea Pigs, before and after inoculation with Surra blood,
together with a table showing the results, when the paroxysms and inter-
missions are massed together—
Guinea Pig I. Table—Remarks
Do.
II. Do.
Do.
Table showing the number of hæmatozoa, red and white corpuscles, in each
cubic millimetre of blood of rats and bandicoots, together with the
animals' body weight, and that of the principal organs—
(i) Rats (Mus decumanus)
(ii) Bandicoots [Mus (Nesokia) giganteus] ...
Remarks on the changes observed with regard to the number of red, white
and coarsely granular oxyphile cells (eosinophile cells) in the blood of
animals—
(i) When Surra has been acquired naturally or by experimental
inoculation ...
...
...
...
...
(ii) After unsuccessful inoculation with the bandicoot hæmatozoon
(iii) During the period of treatment of Surra with arsenic
Some notes on the amount of urea and hippuric acid excreted in the urine
during health, and the phases of untreated, and treated Surra
Further notes connected with the etiology of Surra ...
PAGE.
48
49
54
54
56
56
57
58
58
58
60
B 563—2
11
APPENDIX I.
JOURNAL OF JOURNEYS DURING 1895-96.
21st May 1895.—Left Poona and arrived in Bombay—
(i) Business with the Superintendent, Government Central
Press, regarding printing Volume II of Surra Report.
(ii) To obtain information concerning outbreaks of Surra from
the Manager, Bombay Tramway Company.
(iii) To order articles for use at the New Laboratory.
29th May 1895.— Left Bombay—
To join at Muktesar.
1st June 1895.—Inspected some 30 tons of Laboratory goods which had arrived at
Kathgodam.
4th June 1895.—Arrived at Muktesar, Naini Tal District, North-West Provinces.
23rd Oct. 1895.—Proceeded to Kathgodam to examine a number of Surra horses and
obtain material for work. To Bareilly to obtain small animals,
and make arrangements for future supply.
6th Dec. 1895.—Proceeded to Karnal to investigate outbreak of disease amongst
remounts at Government Depôt, then visited Saharanpur Depôt
to inspect four cases of paralysis, and arrived at Muktesar, 7th
January 1896.
APPENDIX II.
OUTBREAKS OF SURRA DURING 1895-96.
PUNJAB.
Dera Ismáil Khán District.
In August 1895 Surra, vernacular, " Sár," occurred in the village of Shah Doad, three
horses dying out of a total of seven. Two horses also died from "Kamri," paralysis. The
former disease is also well known in the following low-lying villages:—Budhani, Hussain,
Saghar, Lack, Dhotra, Saidhowali, Dhap, Kalakhor, Dhala and Balwagi.
Sialkote District.
Surra occurred in the following villages of the Sialkote District in November 1895 :—
Tahsil Sialkote, village Salimpur.
Tahsil Zafarwal, village Chonda.
Tahsil Pasror, village Jhalki.
Amritsar District.
During the rains of 1895 Surra occurred in the following villages of the Ajnala Tahsil,
viz., Jastarwal—15 horses died, Muhallawala and Warengi. These villages are said to be
low-lying and subject to inundation. The people of the district appear to have an idea that
the disease is new ; it is not widelyknown, but is often named " Gum-zahrbad."
Gurdaspur District.
Surra, vernacular names, Khusk-zaharbad and Sôkra, is reported to have occurred in
twelve villages in this district, five of which are situated in the Pathankote Tahsil. The
cases occurred between October and December 1895, and the position of the affected villages
is described as low-lying and subject to flooding.
Ludhiána District.
In 1894 Surra occurred in four villages in the above district, viz., Bahaival, Bawan
Kalan, Buwan Khura and Staria. These villages are situated in the ' Bet,' a very unhealthy
portion of the district, low-lying and alluvial, subject to inundation from the river Sutlej
and the Badha Nála.
Patiála State.
The disease also appeared in the Rakh, which is situated in that northern portion of the
Patiála territory which juts into the Ludhiána District.
20
As 6,003.91:
Lbs.
Total dung passed = 8,557.75
Less 68 % water = 5,819.27
Dry dung 2,738.48
Lbs.
Total dry matter eaten = 6,003.91
„
„
in dung = 2,738.48
3,265.43
100 :: 3,265.43 : 54.38 % dry matter digested in whole time.
TABLE V.
HORSE LXXXIX. Showing the percentage of dry matter digested during 26 weeks conval es-
cence from Surra.
Number of weeks.
1st week ...
2nd „
3rd
4th
„
5th
„
6th
„
7th
,.
8th
„
...
9th
„
10th
„
11th
„
12th
„
13th
„
14th
„
15th
„
16th
17th
„
18th
„
...
19th
20th
„
21st
22nd ,.
23rd
„
24th
„
25th
„
26th
Whole period...
Total
dry matter
:
ingested.
Lbs.
210.54 :
256.01 :
259.23 :
260.67 :
269.67 :
260.60 :
235.03 :
214.12
213.26
245.57
244.66
234.76
224.86
236.56
229.70
232.06
219.46
199.76
214.09
219.46
242.86
230.26
222.16
211.36
206.86
210.46
6,003.91
100
100 :
100 :
100 :
100 :
100 . :
100 :
100 :
100 :
100 ;
100 :
100 :
100 :
:
100 :
100 :
:
100 :
:
100 :
:100 :
:
100 :
:
100 :
:
100 :
:
100
:
:
100 :
:
100 :
:
100 :
:
100 :
:
100 :
:
100 :
Total
dry matter :
digested.
Lbs.
: 134.38
: 164.97
: 153.87
: 163.23
: 183.91
: 166.04
: 155.19
: 124.20
; 117.90
: 138.85
: 141.90
: 124.76
:
99.90
: 121.60
: 117.86
: 110.62
: 105.22
:
87.20
:
91.69
: 109.86
: 141.26
: 121.94
: l04.32
:
92.16
:
94.78
:
96.94
: 3,265.43
%
Dry matter
digested
63.82
64.43
59.35
62.61
68.19
63.71
66.02
58.00
55.28
56.54
57.99
53.14
44.42
51.40
51.31
47.66
47.94
43.65
42.82
50.05
58.16
52.95
46.95
43.60
45.81
46.06
54.38
TABLE V (A).
HORSE No. LXXXIX. Showing the percentages of ingested water excreted as urine, in the
dung, and by the lungs and skin, during a period of 26 weeks convalescence from Surra.
Weeks.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Urine
%
27.82
25.15
23.14
27.09
23.93
22.67
29.00
20.75
23.08
17.12
19.15
19.18
23.49
In dung
%
52.17
52.44
57.32
49.35
39.03
48.94
52.02
52.43
51.30
46.76
47.92
48.94
55.19
By Iungs
and skin %
difference.
20.01
22.41
19.54
23.56
37.04
28.39
18.98
26.82
25.62
36.12
32.93
31.88
21.32
Weeks.
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Urine
%
20.10
19.87
24.31
18.00
14.69
13.76
17.64
18.29
13.93
13.47
15.61
16.26
17.00
In dung
%
34.79
43.05
58.03
51.72
51.26
48.10
48.88
49.77
47.96
46.87
54.04
46.97
51.25
By lungs
and skin %
difference.
45.11
37.08
17.66
30.28
34.05
38.14
33.48
31.94
38.11
39.66
30.35
36.77
31.75
23
TABLE VIII.
HORSE XCVIII. Showing the preliminary treatment, and the mean daily averages and ratios, in health and Surra, of the Urine and its chief constituents,
together with the water drunk.
Periods.
Days.
Urine
...
...
Ratio ...
Urea
Ratio ...
Hippuric Acid ...
Ratio
Albumen
Water
Ratio
.
{
Urea .
Ratio
Urine .
Ratio ... { Urine
Water
Arsenic ...
Double Io-{Ag I 3
dides.
Hg
I 2
...
...
....
...
...
::}
...}
...
...
...
c.c.
Grammes.
Grammes.
Grammes.
Litres.
Grains.
„
„
Health.
21
3,163
1
31.95
1
12 23
1
...
2105
1
1 : 98.9
1 : 6.64
...
...
...
Preliminary
Treatment.
54
2,851
0.90
73.09
2.29
3.94
0.32
...
10.34
0.48
1 : 39 0
1 :3.63
320.7
...
...
Latent
Period.
5
2,482
0.78
62.37
1.95
0
0
...
12.54
0.54
1 :39.8
1: 5.05
Nil.
...
...
Parox-
ysm.
I.
5
2,736
0.86
93 09
2.91
0
0
...
4.61
0.22
1:29.3
1: 1.68
22.55
3.47
3.47
Intermis-
sion.
I.
6
2,522
0.79
61.78
1.93
0
0
...
8.49
0.40
1:40.8
1: 3.37
...
13.24
13.24
Parox-
ysm.
II.
6
4,989
1.57
75.36
2.36
0
0
...
6.55
0.30
1:66.2
1:1.31
...
9.63
9.63
Intermis-
sion.
II.
5
3,408
0 97
77.79
2.43
0
0
...
6.95
0.33
1:43.8
1: 204
...
3.63
3.63
Parox-
ysm.
III.
2
4,885
1.54
76.86
2.40
0
0
0.157
7.41
0.35
1: 63.5
1: 1.52
...
0
0
Intermis-
sion.
III.
2
7,230
2.28
96.56
3.02
0
0
0.404
12.82
0.60
1 : 74.9
1: 1.77
...
0
0
Paroxysm.
IV.
4
11,055
3.49
120.61
3.77
0
0
0.374
14.66
0.69
1:91.6
1: 1.33
Adhatoda Vasi¬
cine 1.44 grams.
Intermis-
sion.
IV.
3
7,637
2.41
126. 56
3.96
0
0
0.427
17.86
0.85
1:60.3
1: 2.34
...
0
0
Parox-
ysm.
V.
4
11,680
3.66
129.69
4.06
0
0
0.545
16.24
0.77
1 : 90.0
1: 1.39
80
0
0
Intermis-
sion.
V.
8
3,235
1.02
95.45
2.98
0
0
2.765
1.49
0.07
1:33.9
1: 0.47
...
0
0
Parox-
ysm.
VI.
6
3,120
0.98
68.20
2.13
0
0
1.263
...
1 :45.7
1: 0.0
...
0
0
25
TABLE IX.
Showing the preliminary treatment and the mean daily averages and ratios, in health and Surra, of Urine and its chief constituents, &c., together with the water drunk.
Horse No. XCIX.
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT.
Double Iodides of Arsenic and Mercury.
Periods.
Days.
Urine
Ratio
Urea
Ratio
Hippuric Acid
Albumen
Water
Ratio
{ Urea ... }
Ratio
Urine...
... {Urine ...
Ratio
..
Water... }
{As. I 3 ...
Double Iodides.
Hg.I 2 ...
Arsenic
Quantities.
c.c.
Grammes.
Grammes.
„ ...
Litres ...
Grains ...
„ ...
„ ...
Health.
8
2,721
1
38.89
1
13.14
...
30.78
1
1 : 69.9
1 : 11.31
...
...
Prelimi-
nary
Treat-
ment.
46
3,366
1.23
75.09
1.93
*8.75
†0.288
15.70
0.51
1 : 44.8
1 : 4.66
158.0
158.0
...
Latent
Period.
4
4,107
1.50
82.05
2.11
...
...
14.53
0.47
1 : 50.0
1 . 3.54
...
....
...
Paroxysm.
3
5,330
1.96
152.77
3.92
...
0.339
7.79
0.25
1 : 34.9
1 : 1.46
2.37
2.37
...
Intermission.
1
2,970
1.09
160.38
4.12
...
1.780
14.25
0.46
1 : 18.5
1: 4.79
4.74
4.74
...
Paroxysm.
II
3
4,343
1.59
113.63
2.92
...
0.252
11.39
0.37
1 : 38.2
3 : 2.62
11.53
11.53
15.5
Intermis-
sion.
II
4
2,117
0.77
56.67
1.45
...
0.092
6.05
0.19
1: 37.4
1: 4.04
12.64
12.64
1.6
Paroxysm
III
1
9,100
3.34
91.00
2.34
...
0.509
9.69
0 .31
1: 100.0
1: 1.06
2.37
2.37
...
Intermission.
III
2
5,655
2.07
134.80
3.46
...
0.316
7.41
0.24
1: 41.9
1 : 1.31
6.00
6.00
...
Paroxysm.
IV
2
8,887
3.26
73.93
1.90
...
0.497
9.67
0.32
1: 120.2
1: 1.08
8.06
8.06
...
Intermis-
sion.
IV
4
5,259
1.93
83.54
2.14
...
0.198
10.12
0.32
1: 62.9
1: 1.92
14.85
14.85
...
Paroxysm.
V
4
6,531
2.40
116.71
3.00
...
0.391
9.96
0.32
1 : 55.9
1: 1.53
16.59
16.59
...
Intermission.
V
4
9,822
3.60
149.97
3.85
...
0.588
11.52
0.37
1: 65.4
1: 1.17
17.69
17.69
...
Paroxysm.
VI
6
9,831
3.61
181.21
4.65
...
0.589
12.63
0.41
1: 54.2
1 : 1.28
34.44
34.44
...
Intermission
VI
19
11,000
4.04
145.30
3.73
...
1.726
9.56
0.31
1 : 75.7
1 : 0.86
56.92
56.92
77.9
Paroxysm.
VII
5
12,648
4.64
234.33
6.02
...
1.660
5.62
0.18
1: 53.9
1: 0.44
0.63
0.63
12.5
Intermis-
sion.
VII
2
5,700
2.09
73.38
1.88
...
...
0.28
0.009
1: 77.7
1: 0.04
...
...
* Hippuric acid mean daily average for 46 days, only excreted on 31 days.
† For one day only.
B 563—7
28
TABLE XI.
HORSE LXXXIX. Showing the mean daily averages, with percentages and ratios in health and Surra, of the Urine and its constituents, together with the water drunk,
dung passed, and exercise taken.
Periods.
Days.
Days.
Urine
Percentages
Urea
...
Percentages
Hippuric Acid
Ratio
...
Albumen ...
Water
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio of Water.
Ratio of Nitro-
gen.
Total Solids
Dung
Exercise ...
...
{ Urea ...
Urine ...
{Urine ...
Water...
{Egested
to
Ingested.
{ Ingested
to
Egested.
Quantity.
C.C.
Grammes.
Grammes.
Litres ...
}1:
}1:
}
}
Grammes.
daily.
Lbs.
Miles.
Noon
to
6 P.M.
22.50
33.46
35.68
29.98
...
10.92
...
HEALTH.
10
6 P.M.
to
6 A.M.
22.80
33.92
49.50
41.59
21.46
1.0
...
27.24
1
54.08
4.35
1.50
0.99
530.93
25.07
6.28
6 A.M.
to
noon.
21.92
32.61
33.82
28 .41
8.12
LATENT PERIOD.
7
Noon
to
6 P.M.
31.40
37.90
50.10
34.23
15.07
6 P.M.
to
6 A.M.
26.63
32.15
63.07
43.08
15.73
.73
31.99
1.17
56.18
3.08
1.57
1.10
615.91
24.17
5.85
6 A.M.
to
noon.
24.80
29.94
33.19
22.68
9.03
PAROXYSM I.
5
Noon
to
6 P.M.
28.95
39.36
61.40
36.02
14.00
6 P.M.
to
6 A.M.
15.09
20.51
47.61
27.93
1.49
.069
...
26.64
0.97
42.47
3.62
1.54
1.29
504.30
22.50
4.05
6 A.M.
to
noon.
29.50
40.10
61.40
36.04
4.75
INTERMISSION I.
3
Noon
to
6 P.M.
28.89
40.04
62.10
35.66
12.25
6 P.M.
to
6 A.M.
21.73
30.11
71.19
40.89
...
...
...
25.55
0.93
41.57
3.54
1.74
0.93
427.45
14.83
5.25
6 A.M.
to
noon.
21.53
29.84
40.78
23.43
5.83
PAROXYSM II
20
Noon
to
6 P.M.
30.50
37.36
62.51
33.71
11.06
6 P.M.
to
6 A.M.
27.47
33.64
67.83
36.58
6.68*
.31
...
33.56
1.23
43.10
4.11
1.91
0.99
487.98
16.01
5.26
6 A.M.
to
noon.
23.66
28.95
55.07
29.70
5.89
INTERMISSION II.
2
Noon
to
6 P.M.
40.05
43.57
88.13
40.94
8.37
6 P.M.
to
6 A.M.
21.47
23 .36
61.73
28.68
...
...
...
31.20
1.14
42.63
3.39
1.79
1.12
479.38
19.00
5.25
6 A.M.
to
noon.
30.40
33.07
65.35
30.36
7.00
Noon
to
6 P.M.
25.92
27.67
46.43
20.49
7.94
PAROXYSM III.
22
6 P.M.
to
6 A.M.
36.23
38.67
115.21
50.85
...
...
38.21
25.64
0.94
41.84
2.64
1.57
1.62
476.96
14.36
†4.61
6 A.M.
to
noon.
31.51
33.66
64.88
28.64
5.23
* Mean for 4 days only, † For 13 days only.
29
TABLE XII
HORSE LXXXIX. Showing the Total Nitrogen ingested, and egested in the different
periods of health and Surra.
Date.
1895.
Health
Latent period
Paroxysm
I
Intermission I
Paroxysm
II
Intermission II ...
...
Paroxysm III ...
...
NITROGEN INGHSTED IN FOOD.
Hay.
Lbs.
2.8750
1.5300
0.8900
0.6600
3.5300
0.3300
3.0700
Lucerne.
Lbs.
0.7434
0.3717
0.2655
0.1503
1.0600
0.1060
1.0760
Gram.
Lbs.
3.5448
1.7724
1.2238
0.7174
5.0180
0.4220
1.7670
Bran.
Lbs.
1.0500
0.5250
0.3620
0.2120
1.5000
0.1500
2.4000
Total.
Lbs.
8.2132
4.1991
2.7413
1.7487
11.1080
1.0080
8.3130
NITROGEN EGESTED IX URINE,
DUNG AND SWEAT, &C.
Urine.
Lbs.
1.7020
1.1920
0.9650
0.5790
4.2330
0.4240
6.1800
Dung.
Lbs,
6.3724
3.3780
2.5435
1.3825
6.5870
0.6870
2.5812
Sweat,
Lbs.
0.1316
0.0658
0.0470
0.0282
0.1880
0.0188
0.2068
Total.
Lbs.
8.2060
4.6358
3.5555
1.9897
11.0080
1.1298
13.4938
Difference be-
tween ingested
and egested
Nitrogen.
Lbs.
+
0.0072
0.1000
0.1072
Lbs.
...
0.4367
0.8142
0.2410
...
0.1218
5.1808
6.7945
Body
weight
of animal.
Lbs.
1,056.6
771.6
Lbs.
1,056.6
Total loss in Body-{ 771.6
weight.
285.0
Loss by Nitrogen ... 6.6873 lbs.
30
Equivalent to 200.6190 lbs. flesh.
Loss by Nitrogen
... 70.39 %
„
CO 2 moisture, &c. ... 29.61 %
Temperature and Humidity of the Atmosphere.—This investigation was carried out during
the hot season, February, March and April, in the Deccan. The maximum and minimum
temperatures in the shade during the whole period of 73 days were 106.5° and 48°F., the
mean maximum and minimum being 97.5° and 54.7°F. The mean humidity taken at 8 A.M.
daily, during this period, was 44, with a maximum of 81, and minimum of 17.
TABLE XIII.
HORSE LXXXIX. Showing the percentages of ingested Water excreted as urine, in the
dung, and by the lungs and skin.
Different periods of health
and, disease.
Health
Latent period
Paroxysm
I
Intermission I
Paroxysm
II
Intermission. II
Paroxysm III
Urine
%
18.57
21.47
22.43
22.77
20.54
24.80
32.08
In dung
%
43.29
42.09
42.24
34.70
46.98
30.86
31.36
By lungs and
skin %
difference.
38.14
36.44
35.33
42.53
32.48
44.34
36.56
Total.
100
„
„
„
„
„
Days,
14
7
5
3
20 2
23
TABLE XIV.
HORSE LXXXIX. Mean for the different periods massed together.
Different periods.
Health
Latent period
Paroxysms
...
Intermissions
...
Whole period
In urine.
18.57
21.47
25.49
23.66
23.67
In dung.
43.29
42.09
40.06
33.01
40.43
By lungs and
skin.
38.14
36.44
34.45
43.33
35.90
Total.
100
„
„
„
„
Days.
14
7
48
5
74
B 563—8