38
ground below the barracks, and who were hutted near the stream or main
drainage cut, which was much fouled. They were attacked on the 15th May,
10 cases and 3 deaths occurring within 48 hours; they were at once moved to α
distance on the other side of the cut, and the disease ceased. The first case reported
in the cantonment was that of a water-carrier of the Commissariat Department,
on the 17th May; but it was afterwards stated that a case had occurred in the-
regimental bazaar on the 14th ; between these dates and the 7th July, 32 cases and
15 deaths occurred in the cantonment ; and of these, 12 cases and 7 deaths hap-
pened in the regimental bazaar. The total Native population of the cantonment is
12,050 ; that of the regimental bazaar is 339. The greatest number of cases of
cholera occurred before rain-fall. The regimental bazaar is the portion of the
cantonment that is nearest to the stream that drains the eastern swamp. Of the
32 cases that occurred in the cantonment, 2 were water-carriers, 2 were washer-
men, and 10 were sweepers—Dhers, and Chumars,—out-castes, that are not per-
mitted to draw water from wells used by other classes, and are consequently often
driven to resort to casual and impure sources.
137. The European Troops were attacked, but did not suffer to any great
extent. The first case occurred in the workshop on 26th May; the next in the
married quarters on the 3rd June. The married people suflered in much greater
proportion than the others; their quarters are nearest to the regimental bazaar.
It is a fact of much significance that a water-carrier was attacked with cholera
in the regimental bazaar on the 1st June, and died on the 3rd, and that on the
latter date the first case of cholera occurred in the quarters of the married soldiers.
This year cholera has again visited the cantonment in common with the rest
of the district, but the mortality has again been comparatively slight, the number
of deaths amounting to 39 only.
138. Jubbulpore city lies under low hills of granite boulders; the soil is
sandy, and the sub-stratum a very porous moorum, formed of decomposed granite.
The city is clean and well kept, and the surface drains at the sides of the principal
streets are of good shape, and generally in good order ; but the system of
surface drainage is not complete throughout the city,—in some parts refuse water
is permitted to lodge, and here and there excremental matters appeared to have
found their way into the surface drains from the houses. Public latrines are
provided, and they are well looked after, but there is no service for cleaning the
latrines of private houses either in the city or station ; where this is not done
under systematic supervision there can be no certainty as to the disposal of the
nightsoil. Cholera first appeared in the city on the 17th May, and continued
to prevail till the middle of August. In this interval 161 deaths were reported,
or 4 per 1,000 of a population of 39,087. The greatest mortality took place in the
end of May and the early part of June. In Gurha, an old town, with a popula-
tion of 5,580, two miles from Jubbulpore, on the Western road, which may be
considered almost a suburb of Jubbulpore, and where the condition of soil, sub-
strata, and water supply are the same, cholera appeared on the 25th May, and 17
deaths were reported in the course of the epidemic. This year (1869) cholera
again appeared at Jubbulpore in the 2nd week in April, and continued to prevail
till the middle of August, causing a mortality of 404 deaths, or 11 per 1,000 of
the population. The greatest mortality occurred in the first three weeks of May.
In Gurha the disease appeared this year in the 4th week of April ; and in the
course of that and the three following weeks 90 deaths occurred, or 17 per 1 000 of
the population, The water-supply of both Gurha and Jubbulpore is derived
solely from wells; there are large tanks close to each place, but they were drained
dry for the purpose of cleaning them in the hot weather of 1868, and there had
been no rain to fill them again ; the wells are numerous, and they are generally
in good order. In the city of Jubbulpore in the hot weather the wafer lies at
from 14 to 18 feet below the surface of the ground ; in the rains it rises close
to the surface Gurha is more directly under the granite hills, and the around