E. L. TAYLOR AND K. M.
SANDERSON
147
the pericardium. Some little time after exposure to air the whole carcase
took on a red colour—due, presumably, to the oxidation of the thionol which
is one of the products of phenothiazine in the animal body and is responsible
for the redcoloration of the urine. Portions of tissue taken for sectioning also
produced abright pink coloration in the fixative.
A second calf, 12 weeks old, and weighing about 150 lb., received a dose of
200 grammes on the same date, October 26th ; on the 27th it was found to be
lying down and refused food, during the following eight days it became in-
creasingly weak and it died on November 5th.
At post-mortem examination ulceration of the abomasal mucous mem-
brane was again seen, particularly at the pyloric end, the contents of the
rumen were very fluid and there were signs of slight inflammation in the
mucous membrane of the first, second and third stomachs. The intestines
were also slightly inflamed. The liver was friable and yellowish in colour;
the kidneys appeared to be enlarged but did not show pathological changes on
macroscopic examination.
A third calf, 5 months old but weak and very small, weighing only 105
lb., was dosed with 85 grammes of phenothiazine in the form of a drench. On
the following morning it was found lying down, sweating and showing signs
of great distress, the abdomen being distended. As it appeared to be no better
in the afternoon it was destroyed. At post-mortem examination the mucous
membrane of the abomasum was found to be acutely inflamed, particularly
at the pyloric end where ulceration had begun. Slight inflammation of the
small intestine, extending into the caecum was also observed. The liver and
kidneys were normal.
A fourth calf, also 5 months old, but well grown, weighing 273 lb., was
treated with 100 grammes in liquid form but showed no untoward results
whatsoever ; it went on feeding and behaving in a perfectly normal way from
the time that the dose was given.
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS IN CATTLE.—Although two experiments—
Nos. 10 and 11—gave indications of good results similar to those obtained in
sheep, observations on the tolerance of cattle show them to be sensitive to the
toxic action of the drug and suggest that a dose of something like two grammes
per kilo may prove fatal to a 3 to 5-months-old calf.
It seems probable that the drug will prove less useful in cattle than in
other ruminants.
Horses
The remarkably good results obtained in the treatment of horses are
recorded in Table VIII, a, b, and c, and represent data which we have been able
to collect since September 15th, 1939, when the first trial was carried out.*
The method of procedure has been to omit one or perhaps two feeds in
order to increase the animal's appetite and then to offer the powdered drug
mixed with a bran mash or with a little oats and treacle when, as a rule, the
horse would take it voluntarily.
*The trials in horses have been carried out with the kind co-operation of the follow-
ing veterinarians and people associated with thorough bred studs : J. R. Barker, J. Bell,
J. W. Bruford, F. J. Carless, P. Crosfield, K. D. Downham, C. C. Edmunds, J. Macarthur
and E. B, Reynolds.
F