NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
23
Issue.
Serial
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Date of issue.
1st April 1904 .
9th
ditto .
13th May 1904 .
28th June 1904 .
7th July 1904 .
18th
ditto . .
8th September 1904
14th
ditto .
26th
ditto .
27th
ditto .
10th October 1904 .
24th
ditto .
27th
ditto .
20th December 1904 .
23rd
ditto .
27th
ditto .
13th January 1905 .
23rd
ditto .
20th February 1905 .
2nd March 1905 .
To whom consigned.
The Veterinary Inspector, Kashmir, Srinagar .
The Superintendent, Government Cattle Farm,
Hissar.
The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bengal, Calcutta.
The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bengal, Calcutta.
The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bengal, Calcutta.
The Principal, Veterinary College, Bombay
Ditto
ditto
The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bengal, Calcutta,
The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bombay, Poona.
The Principal Veterinary Officer, Simla .
.
The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Madras.
The District Superintendent of Police, Bareilly.
The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Provincial Circle, Lahore.
The Principal Veterinary Officer, Meerut
.
Ditto
ditto
.
.
Ditto
ditto
. .
The Principal, Veterinary College, Bombay .
The Deputy Collector, Karachi
.
.
Ditto
ditto
.
.
.
The Principal Veterinary Officer, Meerut . .
Accidental breakage . .
Total
MALLEIN DOSES.
English.
12
50
80
...
100
20
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
50
50
100
100
1
563
French.
...
50
20
100
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
170
Muktesar.
...
...
...
...
...
...
20
25
10
100
50
50
20
100
100
200
...
...
...
...
...
675
ALFRED LINGARD,
Imperial Bacteriologist.
24
TABLE No. XV.
Showing main results of the working of the Bacteriological Laboratory during 1904-05.
1
Muktesar La-
boratory.
Bareilly Depôt {
QUANTITY OF SERA OR ANTI-TOXIN PREPARED AND ISSUED.
Name of Sera or Anti-Toxin.
2
Rinderpest serum .
Rinderpest
serum
in powder.
Anthrax serum .
Hæmorrhagic Sep-
ticæmia serum.
Mallein . .
...
TOTAL
.
Opening balance.
3
c. c.
110,674
...
90
...
...
...
110,764
Prepared during the year.
4
c. c.
813,352
doses.
3,538
c. c.
137,355
15,665
1,514
...
9,67,886
+doses.
3,538
Total.
5
c. c.
924,028
doses.
3,538
c. c.
137,445
15,665
1,514
...
1078,650
+doses
3538
Issued during the year.
6
c. c.
564,428
doses.
1,344
c. c.
111,952
...
817
...
677,197
+ doses
1,344
Stock in hand at end of year.
7
c. c.
359,598
doses.
2,194
c. c.
25,493
15,665
697
...
401,453
+ doses.
2,194
INSTRUCTION IMPARTED.
Department or Province.
8
Civil Veterinary De-
partment.
Army Veterinary De-
partment.
United Provinces
Punjab and North-
West Frontier.
Bengal
. . .
Central
Provinces
and Berar.
United Provinces
Punjab and North-
West Frontier.
Bengal
.
. .
Central
Provinces
and Berar.
Burma
.
.
.
NUMBER
ATTENDING
CLASS.
Veterinary officers.
9
1
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
Veterinary
Inspectors
and Assistants.
10
...
...
5
20
...
8
5
13
8
8
1
68
NUMBER
PASSED.
Veterinary officers.
11
1
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
Veterinary
Inspecto rs
and Assistants.
12
...
...
5
19
...
8
5
13
8
8
1
67
FINANCIAL RESULTS.
RECEIPTS.
Sale of animals.
13
R
} 304
}44
348
a.
8
0
8
p.
0
0
0
Sale of sera (both on cash
and book credit).
14
R
5,392
5,392
a.
2
...
2
p.
0
0
Sale of garden products
and revenue from
reserved forests.
15
R
550
157
707
p.
3
0
3
p.
11
0
11
Other miscellaneous
receipts.
16
R
20
4
24
a.
8
0
8
p
0
0
0
Total.
17
R
6,267
205
6,472
a.
5
0
5
p.
11
0
11
EXPENDITURE.
Salaries and travelling
allowance of officers
and subordinate estab-
ment.
18
R
41,390
10,151
51,541
a.
3
6
9
p.
10
0
10
Feed and keep of animals.
19
R
15,517
1,472
16,989
a.
4
11
15
p.
2
8
10
Purchase of animals.
20
R
9,838
2,500
12,338
a.
0
0
0
p.
0
0
0
Cost of chemicals and
apparatus.
21
R
*10,643
...
10,643
a.
11
11
p.
0
0
Other miscellaneous
expenditure.
22
R
6,755
...
6,755
a.
1
1
p.
7
7
Total.
23
R
84,144
14,124
98,268
a.
4
1
6
p.
7
8
3
*Chemicals
Library
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Dr. Maynard's machine and apparatuas{
Bottles
. . . . .
.
.
3,108
649
.
.
.
0
8
.
.
. 0
0
.
R
4,988
1,247
} 3,757
650
a.
9
10
8
0
p.
0
0
0
0
ALFRED LINGARD,
Imperial Bacteriologist.
G. I. C. P. O. No. 956.—I. G., C. V. D.—21-9-1905—270—G. A.
No. 152—144 R. & A.
FROM
MAJOR H. T. PEASE, I.C.V.D.,
Offg. Inspector General, Civil Veterinary Department,
To
THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,
DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND AGRICULTURE.
Simla, the 9th August 1905.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to submit, in proof, the Report of the Imperial
Bacteriologist for the official year 1904-05.
2. It will be observed that considerable progress has been made in all the
more important subjects dealt with at this institution, and that its scope of
usefulness has been enlarged by the addition of classes for Officers of the Army
Veterinary and Civil Veterinary Departments who desire instruction in Com-
parative Pathology and Bacteriology. Four have been trained during the
year. Sixty-seven subordinates have also been trained in inoculation work at
Muktesar and Bareilly.
3. There have been considerable, though unavoidable, changes in the staff,
but fortunately this has not interferred with the work which has been kept
continuous during the year. The additions to the staff are noted.
4. No difficulty has been experienced with regard to the fodder and
supply.
5. Dr. Lingard's remarks on the subject of the Forest are worthy of
attention,
6. Most of the sanctioned buildings were completed during the year.
7. Sera preparation.—There is a marked increase in the amount of pro-
tective sera prepared, and 813,352 c. c. of anti-rinderpest serum against
520,925 c. c. last year. Anthrax serum, 137,355 c. c. against 40,018 c. c.
last year.
8 Rinderpest,—The amount of anti-rinderpest serum prepared is equi-
valent to 151,855 doses, against 122,061 in 1903-1904. It is worthy of note
that the demand this year for this serum exceeded that of last year by 16,012,
and that in the last two years the demand has increased by 43,019 doses.
9. The results of the application of the serum to the suppression of out-
breaks have been exceedingly good, as will be seen from the following
table :—
PRESIDENCY.
Bengal
.
.
.
.
.
Punjab
.
.
.
.
.
United Provinces . . .
Central Provinces and Berar .
Madras
.
.
.
.
.
Burma
.
.
.
.
.
Assam.
.
.
.
.
.
TOTAL
.
Number
of
outbreaks.
182
82
129
48
109
22
18
590
Number of
cattle
inoculated.
13,006
17,248
11,041
2,632
8,251
2,727
1,578
56,483
Number of
cattle died of
the disease
after
inoculation.
180
11
4
26
1
41
...
263
Death rate.
Per cent.
1.38
0.06
0.003
0.98
0.01
1.50
...
0.43
3
Experiments are now being conducted with a view to ascertaining the length
of time for which the conferred immunity lasts.
17. Dr. Lingard has continued his experiments with Surra and has
endeavoured to produce immunity by means of a prophylactic or curative
serum, by attenuating the trypanosoma by means of cultures and by passing it
through the bodies of animals other than equines. In addition to this, treat-
ment with Trypan-rot and arsenate of Soda have been tried. Unfortunately,
none of these methods are of much practical value and we are still after years
of patient work, not only in our own Laboratery but in many others in
America and on the Continent, as far off as ever from an efficient prophylactic
or curative agent for this deadly and widespread disease.
18. Charbon Symptomatique has, by its prevalence in certain parts of
the country, claimed a share of attention. It has, unfortunately, been so far
found impossible to cultivate the bacterium at Muktesar. Successful inocula-
tions had been carried on in the Punjab by Captain Walker and Mr. Oliver
last year with a protective vaccine prepared by Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas,
but this was discontinued pending the preparation of a vaccine at the
Laboratory. Owing to failure of obtaining culture we are again importing
this, and it will be available during the coming year. I consider this very
desirable as the inoculations so far made have been successful and the people
are asking that their young stock may be protected by this method.
19. Dourine.-Cases of this disease have been kept under observation
during the year.
20. Cases of Piroplasmosis, Trypanosomiasis and Malignant œdema
have been found complicating rinderpest in serum producing animals at
Muktesar.
21. Altogether, 124 specimens have been sent to the Laboratory for
examination and report, the greater number being pus from cases of
Lymphangitis Epizootica.
22. It is curious to note the complete absence of any mention of
Tuberculosis in any of the Civil Veterinary Department reports during the
year. The disease is undoubtedly widespread and important. Probably
increase of staff and more opportunities will reveal a considerable amount in
certain places.
23. The Laboratory work done during the year has been very great and
successful, and it reflects great credit on the Imperial Bacteriologist and his
Assistants. The scope of the rough programme sketched is enormous, and
really too great to be dealt with by one Bacteriologist and the limited staff at
present employed.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient servant,
H. T. PEASE, Major,
Offg. Inspector General, Civil Veterinary Department.
No. 1517—107-2.
FROM
L. ROBERTSON, ESQ., I.C.S.,
Under-Secretary to the Government of India,
To
THE INSPECTOR GENERAL,
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT.
Dept. of Revenue and Agriculture.
(Civil Veterinary Administration.)
Simla, the 1st September 1905.
SIR,
I AM directed to return the copy of the report of the Imperial Bacterio-
logist for the year 1904-1905, received with your letter No. 152—144 R. & A.,
dated the 9th ultimo, and to say that the Government of India are glad to
recognise the very valuable work which is being done at the Laboratory in
research, the publication of Scientific Memoirs, the training of Veterinary
Officers and Assistants and the wide distribution of sera which have been
utilized with very successful results. They consider that Dr. Lingard and his
staff are to be congratulated on the remarkable progress effected during the year
in connection with all the objects of the Laboratory. Their efforts are already
conferring great benefit on the agricultural community and are much appre-
ciated by the Government of India.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient Servant,
L. ROBERTSON,
Under-Secretary to the Government of India.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGIST
FOR THE YEAR
1905-1906.
CALCUTTA:
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA.
1906.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGIST
FOR THE YEAR
1905-1906.
CALCUTTA:
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA,
1906.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGIST
FOR THE YEAR
1905-1906.
SECTION I.
Administration.
No. 674, dated Muktesar, the 25th June 1906.
From—The Imperial Bacteriologist, Muktesar,
To—The Inspector General, Civil Veterinary Department, Simla.
I have the honour to submit my Annual Report for the past official year
1905-1906.
2. I remained in charge of the office of the Imperial Bacteriologist
throughout the year. Mr. R. E. Montgomery held the office of the Assistant
Bacteriologist up to the 7th December 1905, but remained in Muktesar,
according to orders received, up to the end of December 1905, in order to
initiate Mr. Martin in the duties of the Assistant Bacteriologist. Mr. G. D.
Martin, M.R.C.V.S., was appointed by the Secretary of State for India to the
Indian Civil Veterinary Department, and on arrival in India assumed the
office of the Assistant Bacteriologist at Muktesar, with effect from the 8th
December 1905.
3. As during the past years, the major portion of the officers' time was
occupied in routine work and the preparation of Rinderpest, Anthrax, and
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia sera together with Mallein, in large quantities.
In addition, observations on cases of Dourine in equines and Surra in
equines and camels, were continued, together with numerous experiments, with
the object of destroying the respective trypanosomata by the administration
of arsenic, trypan-rot, and both in combination, and by other methods also.
4. Training of Veterinary Officers.—In two courses at Muktesar, each
one lasting two months, four officers of the Army Veterinary Department
attended 60 lectures and daily practical classes during the months of June to
September 1905. These officers were instructed in comparative pathology, bacte-
riology, and microscopical work, with special reference to the different diseases
of animals met with in this country. They also received instruction in serum
therapeutics and were taught bacteriological technique.
5. Training of Veterinary Assistants.—During the year under review,
37 Veterinary Assistants were trained at Muktesar and 24 at Bareilly, making
a total of 61. The arrangements at Muktesar and Bareilly were effected to
train, every month, 8 and 20 students respectively, but the Provincial Superin-
tendents could not spare their subordinates to be detailed for training to the
maximum number arranged for.
6. During the year, in addition to my other work, I published the following
papers :—
(i) Through what agency is the Trypanosoma Evansi carried from one
Surra season to another—published in the Journal of Tropical
Veterinary Science, Vol. I, Part I.
A
3
As in previous years, I received hearty co-operation from the staff and
establishment in the discharge of the multifarious duties connected with the
working of this Laboratory, which is ever on the increase.
SECTION II.
Research.
13. The work to be carried out during 1905-1906 was proposed on the
following diseases being similar to the rough programme suggested for the
last year:—
(i) Rinderpest,
(ii) Piroplasmosis, Trypanosomiasis and Malignant œdema, occurring
as secondary diseases to rinderpest,
(iii) Anthrax,
(iv) Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia,
(v) Surra,
(vi) Charbon Symptomatique,
(vii) Dourine.
Rinderpest.
14. The following experiments were conducted with a view to determine
the protective value of various anti-rinderpest sera, prepared by hyper-
immunizing different breeds of cattle with virulent blood obtained from the
same and from other breeds, after allowing periods varying from five and a half
to six years to elapse, during which intervals the sera were deposited at Muk-
tesar.
The results of the test experiments were as follows :—
(i) Plains animal hyper-immunized with hill blood.—The serum after
being kept at Muktesar in the cold room, temperature varying
between freezing point and a maximum of 67°F., during a period
of six years was found to have lost 33.3 per cent. of its protective
value, a dose of 45 c. c. being required to protect hill cattle per
600 lbs. body weight in 1906, instead of 30 c. c. found sufficient
in 1900.
(ii) Hill bull hyper-immunized with virulent hill blood.—The resultant
serum, preserved under similar conditions as those noted above,
after a period of 5 years and 9 months, at Muktesar, was found
to have retained its previous protective power of about 10 c. c.
per 600 lbs. for hill cattle. It must be noted that a sample of
this serum was tested in 1901, 13 months after its preparation,
and it was then considered that the protective power was even
greater than at the time of the primary testing on 16th July
1900.
(iii) Buffalo hyper-immunized with virulent buffalo blood.—The serum
prepared from the first bleeding of this animal on the 9th May
1900, tested on hill cattle, gave a dose of 30 c. c. per 600 lbs.;
it was retested on the 12th April 1906, after an interval of
nearly six years, and found to have lost none of its original
protective power on hill cattle when inoculated by the simul-
taneous method.
From the above experiments, it will be observed that of the various
sera tested, those which were prepared by hyper-immunizing a certain breed
with virulent blood from the same breed, after a period of six years, exhibited
a higher protective power, than those hyper-immunized with virulent blood
from another breed of animals.
The conclusions arrived at from the above observations are of peculiar
scientific interest, but will, in no way, modify the preparation of anti-rinder-
pest serum from our chief source, i.e., hill bulls, according to existing methods,
viz., plains animals hyper-immunized with virulent blood from hill bulls.
The reason being that the serum is not retained for any length of time in the
cold room at Muktesar, but is usually issued about as rapidly as it can be
collected and tested. A 2
13
doses and the total issue 1,296,764 c. c. or 204,979 doses as per detail shown
in Appendix I.
The following statement will show at a glance the marked increment
both in output and issue of the anti-rinderpest serum during the last four
years:—
1902-1903
1903-1904
1904-1905
1905-1906
.
.
.
.
Year.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
Quantity prepared.
Doses.
73,288
122,061
151,855
211,407
Quantity issued.
Doses.
87,791
114,798
130,810
204,979
49. The returns received in this office, during the past year concerning
the serum injections carried out in the field, by the serum alone method, have
been collated under their respective provinces as follows :—
50. Punjab—
Injections with serum alone.
District.
1
Gurdaspur .
Amritsar .
Shabpur
.
Gujranwala .
Jhelum . .
Gurgaon .
Karnal . .
Lahore . .
Lahore Veteri-
nary College.
Umballa .
Kangra . .
Gujrat . .
Jhang . .
Hoshiarpur .
Jullundar .
Sialkot . .
Rawalpindi .
Government
Cattle Farm,
Hissar.
Hissar .
.
Rohtak .
.
Lyallpur .
Ferozepore
.
Ludhiana
.
Date.
2
April, November and
December 1905 and
January, February
and March 1906.
April and May 1905
and March 1906.
April, August, Novem-
ber and December
1905 and February
and March 1906.
April and July to De-
cember 1905 and
March 1906.
April, September, Octo-
ber and December
1905 and February
and March 1906.
April 1905
May and September to
December 1905 and
January and Feb-
ruary 1906.
May 1905
December 1905 and
February 1906.
August and December
1905 and March
1906.
September 1905, Jan-
uary and February
1906.
September,
October
and December 1905.
September to December
1905 and January
and February 1906.
December 1905 and
January 1906.
January 1906 . .
January and March
1906.
Ditto . .
February and March
1906.
Ditto
.
.
February 1906 .
Ditto . .
Ditto
.
.
March 1906 . .
TOTAL
Number of outbreaks in
which inoculation was
undertaken.
3
9
6
26
18
7
2
21
1
2
4
3
4
21
6
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
24
2
170
Number of animals died
uninoculated in course
of outbreak.
Equines.
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
5
50
3
536
122
76
...
406
...
...
85
22
36
472
70
4
28
14
...
24
29
45
270
48
2,340
Others.
6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of animals
inoculated.
Equines.
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
8
1,474
610
12,123
3,796
6,356
210
5,836
211
10
1,691
822
1,067
3,037
1,283
46
443
2,101
491
518
500
490
6,163
77
50,050
Others.
9
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
126
583
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
709
Number of inoculated
animals which died of
the disease.
Equines.
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
11
...
...
2
...
...
...
5
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
2
1
...
...
...
6
18
Others.
12
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
REMARKS.
13
Hill cattle.
Death-rate
0.035 per cent.
14
Out of 50,050 head of cattle and 709 ovines injected by the serum alone
method in 170 outbreaks, occurring in 21 districts of the Punjab, only 18 animals
or 0.035 per cent. died of rinderpest after inoculation, whilst in the same
outbreaks 2,340 animals had succumbed before the serum injections were
undertaken.
In the Kangra District 822 head of hill cattle were injected in three
outbreaks and no death occurred after the serum was injected.
These extraordinary results, especially the latter, emphasize the great
efficacy of the serum utilized.
51. North-West Frontier Province.—
Injections with " Serum alone."
District.
1
Kohat .
.
Peshawar
Kurram .
Date.
2
June, July and August
1905 and January
1906.
September and Decem-
ber 1905 and January
to March 1906.
November and Decem-
ber 1905.
TOTAL
Number of outbreaks in
which inoculation was
undertaken.
3
11
25
18
54
Number of animals died
uninoculated in course
of outbreak
Equines.
4
...
...
...
Bovines.
5
447
465
147
1,059
Others.
6
7
...
...
7
Number of animals
inoculated.
Equines.
7
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
8
3,566
9,200
2,380
15,146
Others.
9
30
...
...
30
Number of inoculated
animals which died of
the disease.
Equines.
10
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
11
...
12
...
12
Others.
12
...
...
...
...
REMARKS.
13
Death-rate 0.07
per cent.
In three districts of the North-West Frontier Province, of 15,146 bovines
and 30 ovines injected with " serum alone" 12 or 0.07 per cent. succumbed to
rinderpest.
52. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.—
Injections with " Serum alone."
District.
1
Dehra Dun .
Bijnor .
.
Bahraich .
Kheri . .
Meerut .
.
Gorakhpur .
Saharanpur .
Garhwal .
Muzaffarnagar
Mirzapur .
Date.
2
April 1905
April, August, Novem-
ber and December
1905 and January
1906.
July and September
1905 and February
1906.
August and September
1905.
September and October
1905.
September to December
1905 and January
and March 1906.
December 1905 and
January 1906.
Ditto . .
March 1906 . .
Ditto . .
TOTAL .
Number of outbreaks in
which inoculation was
undertaken.
3
2
19
4
5
2
20
2
2
1
3
60
Number of animals died
uninoculated in course
of outbreak.
Equines.
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
5
....
112
...
16
43
119
52
99
49
...
490
Others.
6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
25
...
...
25
Number of animals
inoculated.
Equines.
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
8
60
1,648
122
58
854
618
1,032
305
813
201
5,711
Others.
9
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
103
...
...
103
Number of inoculated
animals' which died of the
disease.
Equines..
10
...
...
...
...
...
....
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
11
...
4
...
...
...
...
...
42
...
...
46
Others.
12
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8
...
...
8
REMARKS.
13
Hill animals.
Death-rate 0.92
per cent.
Referring to the above table, it may be noticed that, out of 5,814 animals
injected with "serum alone " method in 60 outbreaks of rinderpest, 54 suc-
cumbed to rinderpest after inoculation with a mortality of 0.92 per cent.