NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
29
TABLE V.—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of non-lethal
doses of cobra venom, injected subcutaneously, on the blood coagulability of
rabbits as estimated by Wright's coagulometer tubes.
A 0.1 per cent. solution of cobra venom was used. The observations were
made at intervals of 24 hours. The lethal dose of cobra venom for a rabbit
varies with the sample of poison from 0.3 to 0.5 milligramme per kilo of body
weight. The normal coagulation time of rabbit's blood, as estimated by
Wright's tubes, is from 2 to minutes.
Animal
Weight in
grammes.
Amount o f v e n o m
p e r k i l o i n m i l l i g r a m m e s
COAGULATION TIME IN MINUTES.
Remarks.
24 hours after
injection.
48 hours after
injection.
72 hours after
injection.
Rabbit I
1640
0 . 3 5
8
1 0 ½
4 ½
Was very ill and lost
weight.
Rabbit 2
1680
0.3
5 ½
6 ½
4 ½ Was ill and lost
weight.
Rabbit 3
1370
0 . 3
6
5
...
Was very ill and lost
much weight.
Rabbit 4
1820
0 25
6
4
4 ½
Was ill and lost
weight.
Rabbit 5
1620
0.25
4 ½
5 ¼
4 ½ Lost slightly in weight.
Rabbit 6
1620
0.2
4
. . .
. . . No symptoms.
TABLE VI.—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of a large
quantity of cobra venom on the coagulability of citrate blood.
Citrate rabbit blood (I in 50) was used : each tube contained 1 c.c. of this
blood. The strength of the cobra venom solution was 1 c. c. = 25 milligrammes.
The soluble lime salt, namely, a 2 per cent. solution of calcium chloride, was
added 2 hours after the venom.
Citrate blood (1 in 50). Cobra venom (2.5 per cent.
solution) in milligrammes.
Calcium chloride solu-
tion (2 per cent.)
Result.
I c.c.
30
0 . 3 c . c . Quite liquid 24 hours afterwards.
1 c.c.
20
0.3 c.c.
Ditto.
1 c.c. (control).
Nil.
0 . 3 c . c . Clotted solid in 3 minutes.
30
TABLE VII.—Estimation of the amount of cobra venom which can inhibit the
coagulation of citrate blood.
The solutions of cobra venom used were of three strengths, viz., 0.2 per cent.,
0.1 per cent., and 0.01 per cent. respectively. These were prepared with saline
solution (0.6 per cent.). A quantity of a solution of calcium chloride, sufficient
to clot the control in 3 minutes, was added to each tube of 1 c.c. of blood
2 hours after the cobra venom had been run in. This quantity was 0.3 c.c. of a
1 per cent. solution. Observations were made at periodic intervals.
Citrate blood (1 in 50).
Cobra venom in
milligrammes.
Calcium chloride
solution (1 per cent.).
Result.
1 c . c .
2
0.3 c c.
Liquid after 20 hours.
1 c . c .
1 . 2 0.3 c.c.
Ditto.
1 c.c.
0 . 8 0 . 3 c c .
Ditto.
1 c . c .
0 . 6 0.3 c.c.
Ditto.
1 c . c .
0.4
0.3 c.c.
Ditto.
1 c . c .
0.2
0 . 3 c . c .
Liquid after 4 hours.
Slight clot after 20 hours.
1 c . c .
0 . 1 0 . 3 c . c .
Liquid after 4 hours.
Clotted after 20 hours.
1 c . c .
0 . 0 8 0 . 3 c . c .
Clotted, but not solid, after 2 hours.
1 c . c .
0 . 0 6 0.3 c.c.
Ditto.
1 c . c .
0.04
0.3 c.c.
Clotted solid after 2 hours.
1 c . c .
0.02
0.3 c.c.
Ditto.
1 c . c .
0 . 0 1 0.3 c.c.
Clotted solid after half an hour.
1 c. c. (cont rol )
Nil.
0 . 3 c . c .
Clotted solid in 3 minutes.
TABLE VIII.—Experiments to show the effect of varying the interval of time
between the addition of cobra venom and the addition of the soluble lime salt
to citrate blood in the coagulation inhibitory action of the venom.
Citrate rabbit blood (1 in 50) was used. A fixed amount of venom, namely,
I milligramme, dissolved in 0.5 c.c. saline solution, was added to each tube,
31
c o n t a i n i n g 1 c . c . o f c i t r a t e b l o o d . A q u a n t i t y o f c a l c i u m c h l o r i d e s o l u t i o n ,
namel y, 0. 5 c. c. of a 1 per cent , s ol ut i on, was added t o each t ube at var yi ng
intervals after the venom. This amount clotted the control in 2 minutes.
Citrate blood (1 in 50). Cobra venom, 1 milli-
grammes, added at
Calcium chloride solution
1 (1 per cent.) (0.5 c.c.
added at
Result.
1 c.c.
2.23 p.m.
2.23 p.m.
Solid clot in 2 hours.
1 c.c.
2.43 p.m.
2.58 p.m.
Slight clot in 2 hours.
1 c.c.
2.17 p.m.
2.47 p.m.
Liquid after 2½ hours.
1 c.c.
2.17 p.m.
3.17 p.m.
Ditto.
1 c.c. (control)
Nil.
3 p.m.
Solid clot in 2 minutes.
TABLE IX.—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of the filtrate,
obtained by heating and filtering a solution of cobra venom, so as to remove
all proteids coagulable by heat, on the coagulability of citrate blood.
A 0.2 per cent. solution of cobra venom was heated at 75°C. for half an hour.
The coagulated proteids were then removed by filtration.
A different amount of the filtrate, as indicated below, was added to each of
a series of tubes containing 1 c. c. of citrate rabbit' s blood. A quantity of
calcium chloride solution, namely, 0.3 c.c. of a 1 per cent. solution, sufficient to
clot the control in 2½ minutes, was added to each tube 2 hours afterwards.
The weights refer to the original unheated venom.
Citrate blood (1 in 50). Heated cobra venom in
milligramines.
Calcium chloride
solution 1%.
Result.
1 c . c .
2
0.3
c . c .
No clot after 2 hours. Solid clot
after 20 hours.
1 c . c .
1
0.3
c . c .
Ditto.
1 c . c .
0 . 6 0.3
c . c .
Slight clot after 1 hour. Solid clot
after 20 hours.
1 c.c.
0 . 4 0.3 c.c.
Clotted nearly solid after 2 hours.
1 c . c .
0.2
0.3 c.c.
Ditto.
1 c. c. (control).
Nil.
0.3 c.c.
Solid clot after 2½ minutes.
32
TABLE X.—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of daboia
venom on the coagulability of citrate blood. A small quantity of soluble
lime salt, as well as the venom, was added to each tube.
Each tube contained 1 c.c. of citrate rabbit blood (1 in 50). A solution
of venom (0.6 per cent. saline) of strength 1 c.c.=2 milligrammes was prepared.
From this solution successive two-fold dilutions were made. To each tube of
citrate blood there was added 0.5 c.c. of each dilution of the poison solution ;
at the same time there was added 0.05 c.c. of a 0.5 per cent. solution of calcium
chloride, an amount not sufficient to clot the control in 6 hours,
Citrate blood (1 in 50).
Daboia venom in
milligram mes.
Calcium chloride
solution 0.5 per cent.
Result.
1 c.c.
1
0 . 0 5 c . c .
Clotted solid in 6 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.5
0.05 c.c.
Clotted solid in 10 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.25
0 . 0 5 c . c .
Clotted solid in 8 minutes.
1 c . c .
0.125
0.05 c.c.
Clotted solid in 7 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.0625
0.05 c.c.
Clotted solid in 5 minutes.
1 c.c.
0 . 0 3 1 2 5
0.05 c.c.
Ditto.
1 c.c.
0.01562.
0.05 c.c.
Clotted solid in S minutes.
1 c.c.
0.00781
0.05 c.c.
Clotted solid in 9 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.0039
0.05 c.c.
Clotted solid in 15 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.0019
0 . 0 5 c c .
Clotted solid in 21 minutes.
1 c . c .
0.0009
0 05 c.c.
Clotted solid in 33 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.0004
0 . 0 5 c . c .
Clotted solid in 36 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.0002
0 . 0 5 c . c .
Clotted solid in 60 minutes.
1 c.c. (control)
Nil.
0 . 0 5 c . c .
Quite liquid after 6 hours.
33
TABLE XI.—Experiments to ascertain if any diminution in the coagulability
of citrate blood results from the addition of small quantities of daboia
venom.
Citrate rabbit blood (1 in 100) was used. Each tube contained 1 c.c. of this
blood. From an original solution of daboia venom of 0.2 per cent, strength a
succession of two-fold dilutions was prepared as in the previous experiment.
The high dilutions only were used ; 0.5 c.c. of each of these was added to
each tube of citrate blood. One hour after the addition of the venom a
quantity of calcium chloride solution was run into each tube. This quantity
clotted the control tube in about 4 to 5 hours. The time of clotting noted refers
to the interval of time between the addition of the lime and the occurrence of
solid clotting.
Citrate blood (1 in 100).
Daboia venom in
milligrammes.
Calcium chloride
solution (0.5 per cent.).
Result.
1 c.c.
0.000976
0.1 c.c.
Solid clot in 20 minutes.
1 c.c.
0 . 0 0 0 4 8 8
0.1 c.c.
Solid clot in 21 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.000244
0 . 1 c . c .
Ditto
1 c.c.
0.000122
0.1 c.c.
Solid clot in 34 minutes.
1 c.c.
0.000061
0 . 1 c . c .
Solid clot in 1¾ hours.
1 c.c.
0 . 0 0 0 0 3 0 5
0.1 c.c.
Solid clot in 1 hour.
1 c.c.
0.0000152
0.1 c.c.
Solid clot in ¾ hour.
1 c.c.
0.0000076
0.1 c.c.
Solid clot in 1¼ hours.
1 c.c.
0.0000038
0.1 c.c.
No clot after 2 hours.
1 c.c.
0.0000019
0.1 c.c.
Nearly solid clot in 1 hour : then lost.
1 c.c.
0.0000009
0.1 c.c.
Solid clot in 2½ hours.
1 c.c. (control)
Nil.
0.1 c.c.
Nearly solid clot after 4 hours.
34
TABLE XII.—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of daboia
venom on the coagulability of citrate blood, when the citrate is present in an
amount just sufficient to keep the blood permanently liquid. No soluble
lime salt was added.
Rabbit's blood was received into a solution of citrate of soda so that the
latter was in the proportion of 1 to 100 of the blood, namely, 15 c.c. of fresh
blood was mixed with 0.75 c.c. of a 20 per cent. solution of citrate. Each tube
c o n t a i n e d 1 c . c . o f t h i s c i t r a t e b l o o d . F r o m a n o r i g i n a l s o l u t i o n o f d a b o i a v e n o m
o f a s t r e n g t h o f 1 c . c . = 1 mi l l i g r a mme a s e r i e s o f t wo - f o l d d i l u t i o n s wa s p r e p a r e d :
0.5 c.c. of each of these dilutions was added to each tube of blood. No soluble
lime salt was added.
Citrate blood (1 in 100).
Daboia venom in milligrammes.
Result.
1 c.c.
0 . 5 Solid clot in 35 minutes.
1 c.c.
0 . 2 5 Solid clot in 5o minutes.
1 c.c.
0 . 1 2 5 Solid clot in 1 hour.
1 c.c.
0 . 0 6 2 5 Solid clot in 1½ hours.
1 c.c.
0.03125
Solid clot in 2 hours.
1 c.c.
0 . 0 1 5 6 No clot after 2 hours.
1 c.c
0 . 0 0 7 8
Ditto.
1 c.c.
0 . 0 0 3 9
Ditto.
TABLE XIII—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of daboia
venom on the coagulability of citrate blood, when the citrate is present in
excess, namely, double the minimum amount necessary to keep the blood
liquid. No soluble lime salt was added.
Rabbit's blood was received into a solution of citrate of soda, 15 c.c.
being run into 1.5 c.c. of a 20 per cent. solution of this salt. The proportion of
citrate to blood was, therefore, as 1 to 50. The blood was then divided up
into a series of test tubes, 1 c.c. being run into each test tube.
35
Varying amounts of a 0.2 per cent. solution of daboia venom were added to
each tube. No lime solution was added.
Citrate blood (1 in 50).
Daboia venom in milligrammes.
Result.
1 c . c .
2
Solid clot in 37 minutes.
1 c . c .
1.6
Solid clot in 39 minutes.
1.c.c.
1 . 4
Solid clot in 41 minutes.
1 c.c.
1.2
Solid clot in 43 minutes.
1 c . c .
1
Solid clot in 1 hour and 12 minutes.
1 c . c .
0 . 8
Clotted but not solid in 1 hour.
1 c.c.
0 . 6
Solid clot in 1¾ hours.
1 c . c .
o.3
Clotted but not solid in 2 hours.
1 c . c .
0.2
Ditto.
TABLE XIV.—Experiments to show the effect of heating a 0.2 per cent.
solution of daboia venom on its power of clotting citrate blood.
Citrate rabbit blood (1 in 100) was used. The venom solution (0.2 per cent.
in 0.6 per cent, saline) was heated for half an hour at 75° C. : it was then filtered.
Varying quantities of the filtrate were added to 1 c.c. of the citrate blood.
The weights of venom refer to the original unheated dried poison.
Citrate blood (1 in 100).
Heated daboia venom in milli-
grammes.
Result.
1 c . c .
2
No sign of clotting after three hours.
1 c . c .
1
Ditto.
1 c . c .
o . 6
Ditto.
36
TABLE XV.—Experiments to ascertain if daboia venom heated for half an hour
at 75°C. has the effect of diminishing the coagulability of citrate, blood.
Citrate rabbit blood (1 in 50) was used :1 c.c of this blood was measured
into each tube.
A solution of daboia venom (0.2 per cent. in 0.6 per cent. saline solution)
was heated for half an hour at 75°C., and then filtered. Varying quantities of
the filtrate were added to each tube. The weights refer to the original unheated
venom. Three hours after the addition of the venom 0.15 c c. of a 2 per cent.
calcium chloride solution was added to each tube, a quantity sufficient to clot
the control in less than 2 minutes.
Citrate blood (1 in 50). Heated daboia venom
in milligrammes.
Calcium chloride
solution (2 per cent.).
Result.
1 c.c.
2
0 . 1 5 c . c .
Solid clot in less than 2 minutes
after the addition of the lime.
1 c.c.
1
0 . 1 5 c . c .
Ditto.
1 c . c .
0.6
0 . 1 5 c . c .
Ditto.
1 c.c. (control).
Nil.
0 . 1 5 c . c .
Solid clot in less than 2 minutes.
TABLE XVI.—(a) Estimation of the amount of soluble lime salt required to
determine clotting of citrate horse plasma (1 per cent).
To each tube containing 2 c.c. citrate plasma (1 in 100) there was added
a different amount of a solution of calcium chloride (1 per cent.).
Citrate plasma (1 per cent.).
Calcium chloride solution (1 per
cent.).
Result.
2 c.c.
0.1 c.c.
Found clotted in 4 hours.
2 c.c.
0 . 3 c . c .
Found clotted in 3 hours.
2 c . c .
0.3 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.4 c.c.
Found clotted in 1 hour.
2 c.c.
0 . 5 c . c .
Found clotted in 8 minutes.
(b) Estimation of the amount of soluble lime salt required to aetermine
clotting of oxalate horse plasma (o.2 per cent).
To each tube containing 2 c.c. oxalate plasma (0.2 per cent.) there was
added a different amount of a solution of calcium chloride (1 per cent.).
Oxalate plasma (0.2 per cent.). Calcium chloride solution (1 per
cent.).
Result.
2 c . c .
0.1 c.c.
No clot after 20 hours.
2 c . c .
0 . 2 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.3 c.c.
Clotted in 20 minutes.
2 c . c .
0.4 c.c.
Clotted in 10 minutes.
2 c.c.
0 . 5 c . c .
Clotted in 20 minutes.
37
TABLE XVII—Estimation of the amount of cobra venom which can inhibit the
coagulation of citrate horse plasma.
Each tube contained 2 c.c. of citrate horse plasma (1 per cent.). To each
tube was added a different amount of a solution of cobra venom, made up in two
s t r engt hs , namel y, 1 per cent , and 0. 2 per cent . r es pect i vel y. Two hour s af t er
the addition of the cobra venom 0.5 c.c. of a 1 per cent. calcium chloride solution
was run into each tube. This quantity of lime clotted the control in 3 minutes.
The following was the result obtained —
Citrate plasma (1 per
cent.).
Cobra venom in
milligrammes.
Calcium chloride
solution (1 per cent.).
Result.
2 c.c.
5
0 . 5 c . c .
No clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
4
0.5 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c.
3
0 . 5 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c . c .
2
0 . 5 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
1
0 . 5 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
1
0 . 5 c . c . Mere trace of clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
0.8
0.5 c.c.
Slight clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
0.6
0.5 c.c.
Clotted but not firm after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
0 . 4
0.5 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.2
0.5 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c. (control).
Nil.
0.5 c c.
Clotted in 3 minutes.
TABLE XVIII—Estimation of the amount of cobra venom which can inhibit the
coagulation of oxatate horse plasma.
A similar technique was used in this series of experiments, as was employed
in the series detailed in Table XVII. Oxalate plasma (0.2 per cent.), however,
was substituted for the citrate plasma, and the amount of lime solution added to
e a c h t u b e wa s 0 . 4 c . c . o f a 1 p e r c e n t . s o l u t i o n , a n a mo u n t wh i c h c l o t t e d t h e
control in 10 minutes.
38
The following was the result obtained :—
Oxalate plasma (0.2
per cent).
Cobra venom in
milligrammes.
Calcium chloride
solution (1 per cent. ).
Result.
2 c . c .
5
0 . 4 c . c .
No clot after 20 hours.
2 c . c .
4
0.4 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c.
3
0 . 4 c c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
2
0 . 4 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
1
0.4 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c . c .
1 0.4 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0 . 8 0 . 4 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.6
0 . 4 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.4
0 . 4 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.2
0 . 4 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c. (control).
Nil.
0.4 c.c.
Cl ot t e d i n 10 mi nut e s .
TABLE XIX.—Experiments to ascertain if cobra venom can prevent the clotting
of hydrocele fluid which results from the addition of a small quantity of
citrate plasma.
It was by experiment found that 0.1 c.c. of citrate donkey plasma (1 per
cent.) clotted 2 c.c. of a sample of hydrocele fluid in about 20 minutes.
A series of tubes was prepared each containing 0.1 c.c. of this plasma and
varying amounts of cobra venom. The strengths of venom solutions used were
i per cent. and 0.1 per cent. Ten minutes afterwards 2 c.c. of hydrocele fluid
were added to each tube :—
Citrate donkey
plasma (1 per cent.)
Cobra venom in
milligrammes.
Hydrocele
fluid.
Result.
0 . 1 c . c .
5
2 c.c.
No clot after 20 hours.
0 . 1 c . c .
4
2 c.c.
Ditto.
0 . 1 c . c .
3
2 c.c.
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
2
2 c.c.
Ditto.
0 . 1 c . c .
1 2 c.c.
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
0.5
2 c.c.
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
0.4
2 c.c.
Ditto.
0 . 1 c . c .
0.3
2 c.c.
Ditto.
0 . 1 c . c .
0.2
2 c.c.
Ditto.
0 . 1 c . c .
0 . 1 2 c.c.
Ditto.
0. 1 c . c . ( c ont r ol ) .
Nil.
2 c.c.
Clotted solid in 19 minutes.
39
TABLE XX.—Experiments to ascertain if cobra venom can prevent the clotting
of hydrocele fluid which results from the addition of a small quantity of
citrate plasma and soluble lime salt.
A similar technique was used as was employed in the series of experi-
ments detailed in Table XIX, the only difference being that a small quantity of
lime solution, namely, 0.4. c.c. of a 1 per cent. solution of calcium chloride, was
added to the mixture of citrate plasma and venom solution at the same time
as the hydrocele fluid was run in.
Citrate donkey
plasma (1 per cent).
Cobra venom in
milligrammes.
Hydrocele
fluid.
Calcium chloride
solution (1 per cent.).
Result.
0 . 1 c . c .
5
2 c . c .
0 . 4 c . c . No clot after 20 hours.
0.1 c.c.
4
2 c.c.
0.4 c.c.
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
3
2 c . c .
0.4 c.c.
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
2
2 c . c .
0 . 4 c . c .
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
1
2 c.c.
0.4 c.c.
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
0.5
2 c.c.
0 . 4 c . c .
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
0 . 4 2 c . c .
0.4 c.c.
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
0.3.
2 c . c .
0.4 c.c.
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
0.2
2 c . c .
0 . 4 c . c .
Ditto.
0.1 c.c.
0 . 1 2 c . c .
0.4. c.c.
Ditto.
1.0 c.c. (control).
Nil.
2 c . c .
0.4 c.c.
Solid clot after 20 min-
utes.
TABLE XXI.—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of daboia
venom on the coagulability of citrate horse plasma. No soluble salt of lime
was added.
Two cubic centimetres of citrate horse plasma (1 per cent.) were measured
into each tube. To each tube of plasma there was added a different amount
of daboia venom. The strengths of the venom used were 1 per cent, and 0.2
per cent. dissolved in normal saline solution.
E
40
The following was the result obtained :—
Citrate horse plasma
(1 per cent.).
Daboia venom in
milligrammes.
Result.
2 c.c.
5
Slight clot after 2 hours.
Solid clot after 3 hours.
2 c.c.
4
Ditto.
2 c.c.
3
Trace of clot after 2 hours.
Solid clot after 3 hours.
2 c.c.
2
Slight clot after 3 hours.
Solid clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
1
Trace of clot after 5 hours.
Solid clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
1
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0 . 8
No clot after 5 hours.
Solid clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
0 . 6
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.4
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.2
Slight clot after 20 hours.
TABLE XXII.—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of daboia
venom on the coagulability of oxalate horse plasma. No soluble salt of lime
was added.
Two cubic centimetres of oxalate horse plasma (0.2 per cent,) were measured
into each tube. To each tube of plasma there was added a different amount of
41
daboia venom. The strengths of the venom were 1 per cent. and 0.2 per cent.
dissolved in normal saline solution. The following results were obtained :—
Oxalate horse plasma (0.2 per cent.).
Daboia venom in milligrammes.
Result.
2 c.c.
5
Slight clot only after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
4
Ditto.
2 c.c.
3
Ditto.
2 c.c.
2
Ditto.
2 c.c.
1
Ditto.
2 c.c.
1
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.8
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0 . 6
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.4
No clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
0.2
Ditto.
TABLE XXIII.—Experiments to demonstrate the result of the action of daboia.
venom on the coagulability of oxalate horse plasma, when a small amount of
soluble salt of lime, namely, an amount not sufficient to clot the control, is
added at the same time.
Two cubic centimetres of oxalate horse plasma (0.2 per cent.) were
measured into each tube. To each tube there were added a different amount of
daboia venom and 0.2 c . c . o f a 1 p e r c e n t . s o l u t i o n o f c a l c i u m c h l o r i d e . Th e
strength of the daboia venom solution used was 0.2 per cent.
The following was the result obtained :—
Oxalate horse plasma
(0.2 per cent.).
Daboia venom in
milligrammes.
Calcium chloride
solution (1 per cent.).
Result.
2 c.c.
1 0
. 2 c . c .
Clotted in 10 minutes.
2 c.c.
0 . 8 0
. 2 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.6
0
. 2 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.4.
0.
2 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c.
0.2
0
. 2 c . c .
Ditto.
2 c.c. (control)
Nil.
0.
2 c.c.
No clot after 20 hours.
E 2
42
TABLE XXIV. —Experiments to ascertain if the addition of daboia venom to
hydrocele fluid clots this fluid, either without or with the addition of a
soluble salt of lime.
(a) Without the addition of a soluble salt of lime.
To 2 c.c. of hydrocele fluid, measured into each test tube, different amounts
of daboia venom were added. The strength of the poison solution was 1 per
cent.
Hydrocele fluid.
Daboia venom in milligrammes.
Result.
2 c.c.
5
No clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
4
Ditto.
2 c.c.
3
Ditto.
2 c.c.
2
Ditto.
2 c.c.
1
Ditto.
(b ) With the addition of a soluble salt of lime.
The technique used was the same as in the above series of experiments,
onl y, 0. 5 c. c. of a 1 per cent . sol ut i on of cal ci um chl or i de was added t o t he
nvdrocele fluid at the same time as the venom.
Hydrocele fluid.
Daboia venom in
milligrammes.
Calcium chloride solu-
tion (1 per cent.).
Result.
2 c.c.
5
0.5 c.c.
No clot after 20 hours,
2 c.c.
4
0.5 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c.
3
0.5 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c.c.
2
0.5 c.c.
Ditto.
2 c c.
1
0.5 c.c.
Ditto.
43
TABLE XXV.—Experiments to determine the effect of the addition of cobra
venom and daboia venom together to citrate plasma, no lime solution being
added.
To each tube containing 2 c.c. of citrate plasma 5 milligrammes of cobra
venom were added. This, as we have seen, is five times the quantity which
can prevent the coagulation of citrate plasma, which is caused by the addition
of a soluble salt of lime (vide Table XVII). Half an hour after the addition of
the cobra venom a different amount of daboia venom was added to each tube.
The strengths of the daboia venom solutions used were 1 per cent. and
0 . 2 p e r c e n t .
The following was the result obtained :—
Citrate horse plasma
(1 per cent.).
Cobra venom in
milligrammes.
Daboia venom in
milligrammes.
Result.
2 c.c.
5
5
Slight clot after 3 hours.
Solid clot after 3 hours.
2 c.c.
5
4
Ditto.
2 c.c.
5
3
Ditto.
2 c.c.
5
2
No clot after 2 hours
Solid clot after 3 hours.
2 c.c.
5
1
Solid clot after 4 hours.
2 c.c.
5
1
Ditto.
2 c.c.
5
0 . 8
Slight clot after 4 hours.
Solid clot after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
5
0 . 6
No clot after 5 hours.
Clotted after 20 hours.
2 c.c.
5
0 . 4
Ditto.
2 c.c.
5
0 . 2
Only slight clot after 20 hours.
Notes and References.
(1) A complete bibliography of the subject is to be found at the end of Professor
Martin's article on Snake Poison and Snake Bite' in Allbutt's " System of
Medicine," Volume II, page 809.
(2) 'Notice sur le sérum antivenimeux et sur le traitement des morsures de
Serpents :' Lille : 1901.