NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
13
virus. I find the same apathy and indifference however, to the benefits of Vaccination, here
as elsewhere, which will doubtless continue as long as Vaccination is left optional. The opposi-
tion experienced is generally of a passive nature, but the most prejudiced and troublesome are
the Brahmins, and those chiefly in Government employ as Carkoons, a plausible reason for
which opposition I am unable to discover. The Assistant Vaccinator Shaik Imam has been
very attentive to his duties, and always succeeds in finding out more unprotected children than
are returned as such by the Mamlutdar. All cases of Vaccination are brought on two occa-
sions in the week for my inspection, so that I am able to certify to the full extent of success
returned, and no doubtful cases are included. Vaccine lymph has been supplied to the
stations of Malligaum, Indore, and Mundlaisir on request.
NASSICK.
One Vaccinator under Sub-Assistant Surgeon SPENCER.
YEARS.
1861
1862
Total
Vaccinated.
1,656
854
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
....
Decrease.
....
802
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
1,333
629
Percentage
of Success.
80.4
73.6
During the year now under review the number of subjects vaccinated has been 453 males
and 401 females, making in all 854, being 802 less than the preceding year. The decrease I
regret to say was chiefly owing to the Assistant Vaccinator not having had the aid of a peon
as before in collecting subjects for the operation. The removal of the peon therefore is much
to be deplored.
AHMEDABAD.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon D. WYLLIE, M.D.
YEARS.
1861....
1862....
Total
Vaccinated.
2,820
2,778
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
....
Decrease.
....
42
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
2,666
2,666
Percentage
of Success.
94.5
95.9
The above table shows a trifling decrease of 42 in the number vaccinated during the past,
as compared with the previous, year. This difference is sufficiently accounted for in the
14
circumstance that the vaccinator was in a measure new to his duties, and thus laboured under
some disadvantage in respect of local knowledge compared with his predecessor. The entire
number was vaccinated by Assistant Vaccinator "Vallubram Dinanath, General No. 177, the
only subordinate detailed for this duty. His work ranged from a maximum of 284 operations
in February (small-pox then being present), to a minimum of 188 in December, when the pre¬
. valence of intermittent fever interfered with progress. The patients in every case were
residents of the city or its suburbs. In reference to sex, males predominated as usual, but to
a much greater extent than before, the numbers being 1,601 to 1,177 females. I fear these
figures must be interpreted as expressive of a higher solicitude on the part of parents for the
safety of their male offspring than of females; at least that is the only reason I have heard
assigned for a result so far at variance with the well-known proportions the sexes bear to each
other. As to age, a very large majority, that is 2,194, were under one year, against 629 over
that age. There is here a wide difference compared with the experience of the preceding
year, when the numbers in each category were nearly balanced. But the question of period of
life is liable to be affected by the prevalence or otherwise of infantile epidemics, as I have else-
where remarked. Relative to results, the figures are particularly satisfactory. There were
but 63 unsuccessful and 49 doubtful cases out of a total of 2,778 vaccinated. In other words,
the ratio of success was equal to 95.9 per cent., a higher average than has hitherto been
reached. The lymph continued of good quality throughout, and the vesicles were charac-
teristic and well formed. It was equally effective during the rains as in the other seasons, and
at all times there was abundance to meet the requirements of neighbouring medical officers.
Small-pox began to appear in January, and lingered in the city till July. At first the cases
were due to importation from Rajpootna, where, in the absence of any organized system of
Vaccination, the epidemic is ordinarily active. Others, however, were traceable to Dhollera, and
thence to Bombay. But in all there were only 28 deaths from this cause throughout, a fact
significant of the extent to which the inhabitants are already protected. No instance of
inoculation has been reported for many years past; nor is there any other obstruction to the
spread of Vaccination beyond a general feeling of apathy and indifference, with here and there
an occasional show of resistance ; but that even rarely, save among some of the more exclusive
sects of the Mahomedan population.
RAJCOTE.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon BUTLER (Acting).
YEARS.
1861....
1862....
Total
Vaccinated.
1,123
821
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
....
Decrease.
....
302
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
972
708
Percentage
of Success.
86.5
86.2
No Report received.
15
SURAT.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon W. A. SHEPHERD (Acting).
YEARS.
1861
1862
Total
Vaccinated.
1,871
1,740
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
....
Decrease.
....
131
Success¬
fully
Vaccinated.
1,624
1,518
Percentage
of Success.
86.7
87.2
The number of Vaccinations performed at Surat during the year 1862, in comparison with
that of last year, shows a decrease of 131, for which no assignable reason can be suggested,
while over the average of the last five years there being an increase of 143 may be considered
an improvement. The general result this year is markedly good, being at the rate of 87.2 per
cent. of successful cases. This is the highest percentage of any year. The assistant vaccinator
reports the greatest number of unsuccessful cases to have occurred during the months of June,
July, August, September, and October. There is no marked difference in the numbers in the
sex, but a most decided one is manifested in the age columns, which show under the age of
one year an increase of 416 over the average of the last 5 years, and above one year a decrease
in the same average of 173. This I venture to remark may be considered a great improve-
ment, as Vaccination under one year is performed at a period when small-pox may be expected
to be most fatal, and Vaccination most efficacious.
BROACH.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon J. GLEN.
YEARS.
1861....
1862....
Total
Vaccinated.
1,541
931
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
....
Decrease.
....
610
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
1,323
735
Percentage
of Success.
85.8
78.9
During the past year 931 children have been vaccinated in the town and neighbourhood. Of
these, 531 were males, the remainder females. Of children under one year of age there were
402 vaccinated, and of children above that age 529. The successful cases amounted to 735.
The number vaccinated have been less by 610 than those of the year 1861.
16
BELGAUM.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon Major H. GLASSE.
YEARS.
1861....
1862....
Total
Vaccinated.
624
556
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
....
Decrease.
....
68
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
604
542
Percentage
of Success.
96.7
97.4
In the town of Belgaum there have been vaccinated, during the past year, 556 persons,
which is a decrease of 68 on the number vaccinated during the previous year 1861, but still
an increase of 107 on that of the year before 1860. Of these 556 vaccinated, 542 were suc-
cessful cases. Besides the above, 278 persons have been vaccinated in the Suddur Bazar,
being 216 more than those of the previous year 1861, and 251 more than those of the year
before 1860. Of the above number, 278 vaccinated, 260 were successful. The assistant vacci-
nator has also been useful in repeatedly vaccinating, direct from the subject, in the several,
European and Native Regiments, at the station. Small-pox, which had just broken out at
the beginning of the year, was present during the first three months, and prevailed greatly
in January and February. In the Sudder Bazar 143 cases and 53 deaths occurred. In the
town, there were comparatively much fewer, but the number could not be so accurately
ascertained.
DHARWAR.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon GILBERT (Acting).
YEARS.
1861....
1862....
Total
Vaccinated.
1,087
1,478
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
391
Decrease.
....
....
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
857
1,346
Percentage
of Success.
78.8
91.0
No report received.
17
KOLAPOOR.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon J. MILLS.
YEARS.
1861....
1862....
Total
Vaccinated.
2,877
2,879
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
....
2
Decrease.
....
....
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
2,658
2,737
Percentage
of Success.
92.3
95.0
During the months of February and March, the numbers were decreased by the prevalence
of measles in the town and neighbourhood. Cholera prevailed in April and May, but it did
not affect the progress of Vaccination. The ratio of success has very materially increased, viz.,
from 92.3 to 95 per cent. This I attribute to the introduction of new lymph from Europe,
which has proved of such excellence, that it would, I think, be well to state how it was
obtained. In January 1862, while acting Civil Surgeon of Dharwar, a single capillary glass
tube, containing 2 or 3 drops of lymph was given to me by the Reverend Mr. Huber of the
German Mission, who had just received it from Europe. I vaccinated 3 or 4 children with it.
Every puncture took, forming large well-shaped healthy vesicles, far superior to those produced
by the lymph at the time in use. Before leaving Dharwar in the following March, I had
replaced all the old lymph from the new supply. I have, while Superintendent of Vaccination,
Southern Division District, tried lymph received from Europe on ivory points, or between
glass plates, but never with success. The lymph mentioned above was as clear and liquid as
when taken from the vesicle. Immediately on my arrival at Kolapoor, at the end of March
last, I obtained a supply of lymph from Dharwar, which was fully established in the month
of April, and since that time there have been only six cases known to have been actually
unsuccessful out of 2,082 operations, or 0.3 per cent. against 26 out of 961, or 3.3 per cent. in
the previous 4 months. I can speak with the greater confidence of the small amount of really
unsuccessful operations, having seen how very few failures occur in the Vaccinations performed
at the Dispensary where, since the new lymph was introduced, there has not been a single
unsuccessful or doubtful case.
18
RUTNAGHERRY.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon KEARNEY (Acting).
YEARS.
1861
1862
Total
Vaccinated.
522
514
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
....
Decrease.
....
8
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
456
481
Percentage
of Success.
87.3
93.5
In October 1861 the vaccinator of the station was dismissed, his place was not filled up till
June 1862, so that during the year under review, Vaccination was carried on only for seven
months, and in the previous, for nine months. The number of operations as shown in the
above table in the two imperfect years have been much the same, though in 1862 there was
two months' less work than in 1861. I am every way satisfied with the present vaccinator,
and after inquiry I have no reason to doubt much the number of operations he has returned.
Whether any reliance can be placed on the statement that 93 per cent. of last year's operations
were successful it is difficult to say, but I have especially remarked to the vaccinator that
truthfulness on this matter is all important. My predecessor (who remained here eight years)
annually noticed that the town-people are always averse to receive the benefits of Vaccination;
the same complaint still continues. There are said to be 3,005 males and 5,059 females in the
Hoojoor, including adults and children, so that if we allow one-third of these to be children,
or 3,300, an idea can be formed of the opposition of the town-people. Mothers continue to
oppose infants in arms being vaccinated, and this year the difference in those above, and those
below, one year, has again been great. Nearly all the vesicles that I have seen have been
good. Small-pox has not visited the town, but in July it approached within 10 miles at a village,
whose Patell did not welcome the district vaccinator in April. It carried off 40 children, out
of a supposed number of 200.
KURRACHEE.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon J. BEAN.
YEARS.
1861
1862
Total
Vaccinated.
795
1,130
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
335
Decrease.
....
....
Success¬
fully
Vaccinated.
709
1,061
Percentage
of Success.
89.1
93.8
The returns of the past year for the Civil and Police show an increase of 335 in the number
of Vaccinations, the entire number being 1,130, of which 1,061 were successful operations.
19
The protective powers of Vaccination would seem to be better appreciated among some classes
than formerly, for many parents have lately brought their children voluntarily from some
distance near the Hubb river for operation, these were Brahoes from Meekran. In other cases
opposition continues to be encountered, and this is especially the case among the fishermen
and laborers at Kemaree.
Small-pox has been slightly prevelant two or three times during the year, but not in an
epidemic form, and only 2 cases were admitted for treatment, one of which died.
HYDRABAD.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon R. M. CONNELL (Acting).
YEARS.
1861....
1862....
Total
Vaccinated.
1,675
1,611
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
....
Decrease.
....
64
Success¬
fully
Vaccinated.
1,249
1,269
Percentage
of Success.
74.5
78.7
During the past year 1,611 persons have been vaccinated, of which 1,269 are reported
successful, 187 unsuccessful, and 155 doubtful, being an increase of 20 successful cases
compared with the preceding year, though there is a docrease of 64 in the actual number
vaccinated. The vaccinator seems steady and attentive to his duties, he has on several
occasions succeeded in taking children from Hydrabad to Kotree for the purpose of supplying
lymph to the latter station, and has been the means also of furnishing lymph to many
District Dispensaries, and to the Troops stationed here. The lymph and vesicles appear
tolerably good,
SHIKARPOOR.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon A. E. RIDDELL.
YEARS.
1861
1862
Total
Vaccinated.
1,445
1,448
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
3
Decrease.
....
....
Success¬
fully
Vaccinated.
1,444
1,447
Percentage
of Success.
99.8
99.9
Fourteen hundred and forty-eight children were vaccinated during the year, of these only
one case was unsuccessful. Thirteen hundred and five were under one year, one hundred and
forty-three above that age. Seven hundred and fifty-four were males, and six hundred and
6c
20
ninety-four females, of these 781 were Hindoos, 662 Mussulmen. Two Europeans and three
Christians, 1,409 children are said to have been born in the town of Shikarpoor, but this
return cannot be depended on. Twenty-three cases of small-pox were reported to me in the
first 5 months of the year, none in the last 7 months, of these 11 cases proved fatal, viz.,
6 males and 5 females, and 12 recovered, 6 males and 6 females. No opposition is offered to
the practice of Vaccination which is performed under my superintendence.
ADEN.
One Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon J. F. STEINHAUSER.
YEARS.
1861
1862
Total
Vaccinated.
945
1,004
Compared with the
preceding Year.
Increase.
....
59
Decrease.
....
....
Success-
fully
Vaccinated.
686
587
Percentage
of Success.
72.5
58.4
The vaccine lymph in use at this station, produced typical vesicles until the month of April,
when with the increasing heat numerous failures showed that it was deteriorating. This
result continued until the month of July, when a fresh supply arrived from the National Vaccine
Establishment, London, which proved perfectly successful. In the month of September, this
virus again manifested signs of deterioration, and was actually lost for a few days ; but fortu-
nately the National Vaccine Establishment sent at this period liquid lymph in hermetically¬
sealed capillary tubes as recommended by Dr. Husband of Edinburgh, which enabled the vac¬
cinator to carry on the operations with success until the 20th of December, when the lymph
was again lost, owing chiefly to the neglect of the Assistant Vaccinator himself, who, contrary
to orders, relied on the wandering Somales for cases, rather than on the permanent residents
of the town.
Notwithstanding the doubtful efficacy of the lymph during four months of the year, an
increase of 59 cases vaccinated is recorded on the total number for the year 1862, but the
number of successful cases is about 100 below that of 1861. This station as before observed,
relies on England for its vaccine lymph, which was formerly sent yearly by the Royal Jennerian
Institution. It is now provided by direction of the Secretary of State for India by the
National Vaccine Establishment which forwards virus on ivory points or glasses, and in
capillary tubes. The charged ivory points have never yet proved successful at Aden, the dry
lymph on glasses has frequently failed, but on many occasions been found efficient, whereas
the liquid lymph in capillary tubes has never been tried without producing typical vesicles.
There can be no doubt that, Dr. Husband's method for transmitting lymph is the most
easy and the most judicious. During the year 1862 small-pox first showed itself in the
month of August in a Somali, and a few cases have presented themselves for treatment until
the end of the year. The disease, however, has not been epidemic; only 15 cases having been
admitted to Hospital, of which number two proved fatal. The majority of these cases
were of the confluent form, and occurred among Somalis and Arabs.
ii
TABLE
VACCINATION UNDER
Table of Divisional Vaccination, showing the Number and Names of the Divisions, and their
and compared with those of last Year ; the Total Number arranged according to Sex, Caste,
of Operations performed by each
Number.
1
2
3
4
5
6
DIVISIONS.
PRESIDENCY ............
CENTRAL CIRCLE ........
SOUTHERN CIRCLE ......
NORTHERN CIRCLE ......
SIND ................
KATTYWAR ............
Names of the
MEDICAL OFFICERS
Superintendents of Vaccination.
Sub-Assistant Surgeon Anunta Chundroba.
Assistant Surgeon B. Beatty ............
„ J. G. Asher ..........
„ R. Dick ............
„ T. E. P. Martin ......
„ E. R. Butler ........
Total .......
Number of Native Vac¬
cinators attached.
3
31
23
36
15
8
116
Total Number Vacci-
nated.
6,081
39,701
30,405
40,083
42,282
5,085
163,637
Compared with last year.
1861
8,861
42,518
25,391
41,349
49,161
6,100
173,380
Increase.
..
..
5,014
..
..
..
..
Decrease.
2,780
2,817
..
1,266
6,879
1, 010
9,743
iii
No. I.
SUPERINTENDENTS.
Superintendents ; the Number of Vaccinators employed; the Total Vaccinations performed
Age, and Result ; the Ratio of Successful to Total Vaccinated; and the Average Number
Vaccinator, for the Year 1862.
Total number Vaccinated, arranged according to—
Sex.
Males.
3,563
20,278
16,237
21,981
23,724
2,773
88,556
Females.
2,518
19,423
14,168
18,102
18,558
2,312
75,081
Caste.
Hindoos.
4,160
36,127
27,867
34,587
4,641
4,672
112,054
Mussulmans.
855
1,387
2,064
3,785
35,726
388
44,205
Christians.
515
462
76
1
..
..
1,054
Parsees.
439
..
..
64
..
..
503
Other Castes.
112
1,725
398
1,646
1,915
25
5,821
Age.
Under one
Year.
2,630
5,382
5,884
21,139
13,165
2,131
50,331
Above one
Year.
3,451
34,319
24,521
18,944
29,117
2,954
113,306
Result.
Successful.
4,748
30,872
28,531
35,558
40,296
4,623
150,618
Unsuccessful
671
1,134
1,185
2,837
661
245
0,733
Doubtful.
662
1,695
699
1,688
1,325
217
6,286
Ratio per cent. of Suc-
cessful to number
Vaccinated.
78.1
92.8
93.8
88.7
95.3
90.9
92.0
Average Number of
Persons Vaccinated
by each Vaccinator.
2,627
1,231
1,322
1,113
2,819
636
1,410
iv
TABLE
VACCINATION UNDER
Table of Vaccination under Civil Surgeons and others, arranged according
Number.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DIVISION OF DEPUTY
INSPECTOR GENERAL
OF HOSPITALS.
PRESIDENCY ....
POONA ............
NORTHERN ........
SOUTHERN
SIND ...............
ADEN .............
PERSIAN GULF ....
CIVIL STATIONS.
Tanna ............
Alibaugh
Bandora ...............
Coorla ..............
Total
Poona ..................
Ahmednuggur ........
Sattara ...............
Sholapore ..............
Dhoolia ..................
Nassick .................
Mahableshwur .........
Total .......
Ahmedabad ..........
Kaira .............
Surat ...................
Broach ..............
Rajcote .............
Total .........
Belgaum ..........
Dharwar ...........
Kolapoor ..........
Rutnagherry ...........
Vingorla
Total .......
Kurrachee ..............
Hydrabad ............
Shikarpoor .........
Dispensaries ...........
Total ........
Aden ...........
Bushire
Grand Total .......
Number of Native Vac-
cinators attached.
..
..
..
..
..
1
1
1
1
1
1
..
6
1
..
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
..
4
1
1
1
..
3
1
..
18
Total Number Vacci¬
nated.
38
89
79
8
214
1,832
1,240
1,435
1,392
857
854
..
7,610
2,778
..
1,740
931
821
6,270
556
1,478
2,879
514
159
5,586
1,130
1,611
1,448
2,461
6,650
1,004
324
27,658
Compared with last Year.
1801.
256
66
90
..
412
1,753
1,119
1,811
1,434
802
1,656
119
8,694
2,820
520
1,871
1,541
1,123
7,875
624
1,087
2,877
522
144
5,254
795
1,675
1,445
689
4,604
945
481
28,265
Increase.
..
23
..
8
..
79
121
..
..
55
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
391
2
..
15
332
335
..
3
1,772
2,046
59
..
..
Decrease.
218
..
11
..
198
..
..
376
42
..
862
..
1,084
42
520
131
610
302
1,605
68
..
..
8
..
..
..
64
..
..
..
..
157
607
Sex.
Males.
22
50
44
4
120
1,201
708
765
712
452
453
..
4,291
1,601
..
919
531
407
3,458
320
844
1,479
315
91
3,049
685
922
754
1,529
3,890
610
171
15,589
Females.
16
39
35
4
94
631
532
670
680
405
401
..
3,319
1,177
..
821
400
414
2,812
236
634
1,400
193
68
2,537
445
688
694
93
2,760
394
153
12,063
V
No. II.
CIVIL SURGEONS AND OTHERS.
to Divisions, and showing the Details as in Table No. I. for the Year 1862.
Total Number Vaccinated, arranged according to—
Caste.
Hindoos.
15
53
9
2
79
1,512
1,073
1,318
757
633
673
..
5,966
2,444
..
1,310
660
695
5,109
417
1,227
2,843
388
153
5,028
367
545
781
711
5,404
73
..
18,659
Mussulmans.
..
13
10
..
23
298
131
97
400
86
51
..
1,063
326
..
265
241
122
954
135
235
36
126
5
537
635
1,053
662
1,699
4,049
703
321
7,650
Christians.
21
1
40
6
68
21
35
15
1
19
35
..
126
2
..
13
1
..
16
4
16
..
..
1
21
44
9
5
..
58
2
..
291
Parsees.
..
..
16
..
16
1
1
1
..
3
..
..
6
6
..
77
29
1
113
..
..
..
..
..
..
25
..
..
3
28
3
..
166
Other Castes.
2
22
4
..
28
..
..
4
234
110
95
..
449
..
..
75
..
3
78
..
..
..
..
..
..
59
4
..
48
111
223
3
892
Age.
Under One
Year.
12
23
8
..
43
798
326
654
531
624
537
..
3,470
2,149
..
1,115
402
423
4,089
313
333
513
50
28
1,237
498
963
1,305
729
3,495
155
189
12,678
Above One
Year.
26
66
71
8
171
1,034
914
781
861
233
317
..
4,140
629
..
625
529
398
2,181
243
1,145
2,366
464
131
4,349
632
648
143
1,732
3,155
849
135
14,980
Result.
Successful.
9
72
70
..
151
1,535
1,010
1,265
854
790
629
..
6,089
2,666
..
1,518
735
708
5,627
522
1,346
2,737
481
145
5,251
1,061
1,209
1,447
1,975
5,752
587
324
23,781
Unsuccessful.
29
17
6
6
58
132
138
71
305
11
30
..
687
63
..
170
64
72
369
14
123
32
29
11
209
33
187
1
233
459
275
..
2,057
Doubtful.
..
..
3
2
5
165
92
99
233
50
195
..
834
49
..
52
132
41
274
..
9
110
4
3
126
36
155
..
248
439
142
..
1,820
Ratio per Cent. of Suc-
cessful to Number
Vaccinated.
23.7
80.9
88.6
..
70.5
83.7
81.4
88.1
61.3
92.8
736
..
80.0
95.9
..
87.2
78.9
86.2
89.7
97.4
91.0
95.0
93.5
91.2
94.0
93.8
78.7
99.9
80.2
86.4
58.4
100.0
85.9
Number of Persona
Vaccinated by each
Vaccinator.
..
..
..
..
..
1,832
1,240
1,435
1,392
857
854
..
1,268
2,778
..
1,740
931
821
1,567
556
1,478
2,879
514
..
1,357
1,130
1,611
1,448
..
1,396
1,004
..
1,361