NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
71
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
WESTERN GUZERAT
DIVISION.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . . .
CASTE . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT .
Males . . . .
Females . . . . .
Christians . . . .
Mussulmans . .
Christians . . .
Parsees . . . . .
Other Castes . .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . .
Unsuccesful . .
Doubtful . . .
Percentage of Success . . . .
1853.
6,913
3,778
3,135
5,628
724
..
..
561
..
..
5,678
540
695
82.1
1854.
12,008
6,434
5,574
11,051
826
..
..
131
..
..
9,979
648
1,381
83.1
1855.
22,595
11,796
10,799
21,053
1,542
..
..
..
..
..
19,612
917
2,066
86.7
1856.
30,152
15,436
14,716
27,620
2,532
..
..
..
..
..
26,340
911
2,901
87.3
1857.
15,289
8,065
7,224
12,625
1,264
..
..
1,400
6,286
9,003
13,565
548
1,176
88.7
Average.
17,391
9,102
8,289
15,595
1,378
..
..
418
..
..
15,035
713
1,643
85.6
1856.—The total number vaccinated was thirty thousand one hundred
and fifty-two (30,152,) being an increase of seven thousand five hun-
dred and fifty-seven (7,557) over the year 1855 : of this number fifteen
thousand four hundred and thirty-six (15,436) were males, and fourteen
thousand seven hundred and sixteen (14,716) females ; Hindoos num-
bered upwards of twenty-seven thousand and six hundred (27,600),
and Mussalmans about two thousand and five hundred (2,500) ; there
were about twenty-six thousand (26,000) successful cases recorded,
giving an average ratio of about 87.3 per cent. Reference may be
made to Dr. Lord's Report of Vaccination for 1856 before given at pp.
19 and 23 for an account of his tour through the Native States, and of the
progress of vaccination in that year.
Dr. Lord, in a subsequent communication, reports :—
" It is my pleasing duty to bring to the notice of the Medical Board the growing faith
among the higher classes of Natives in this Division in the efficacy of the prophylactic, as
evidenced by their acceptance of it in their own families."
1857.—The total number vaccinated was fifteen thousand two hun-
dred and eighty-nine, (15,289), a diminution of fourteen thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three (14,863) from 1856, owing to the separation of
the Kattywar Circle before alluded to.* The males a little exceeded
eight thousand (8,000), and the females seven thousand two hundred
and twenty (7,220). There were about thirteen thousand and five
hundred (13,500) vaccinated with success—nearly 89 per cent. of the
total vaccinations performed. With respect to "age"—the numbers
under one year were about six thousand and two hundred (6,200), whilst
those above one year were nine thousand (9,000).
* See p. 31 ante.
72
EASTERN GUZERAT DIVISION.
31. The Native States in which Vaccinators are employed under the
Superintendent Eastern Division of Guzerat, are those in the Rewa
Kanta and Rajpeepla districts—the Baroda territory having been
transferred to the Residency Surgeon, Baroda.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average:—
EASTERN GUZERAT
DIVISION.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . . . .
CASTE . . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT .
Males . . . . . .
Females . . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful..
Doubtful . . .
Percentage of Success ....
1853.
2,527
1,445
1,082
2,262
252
13
..
..
..
..
1,792
327
408
71.0
1854.
6,072
3,721
2,351
5,375
545
5
..
147
..
..
4,926
490
656
81.1
1855.
9,308
5,466
3,842
8,423
884
..
1
..
..
..
7,258
1,037
1,013
77.9
1856.
6,742
3,726
3,016
6,244
496
..
2
..
..
..
5,945
429
368
88.1
1857.
7,756
4,057
3,699
6,978
686
2
16
74
1,799
5,957
6,326
691
739
81.5
Average.
6,481
3,683
2,798
5,857
572
4
4
44
..
..
5,249
595
637
79.9
1856.—The total number vaccinated amounted to six thousand seven
hundred and forty-two (6,742), being an increase of more than three
thousand (3,000) over the year 1855. There was a slight preponderance
of the male sex vaccinated, and the bulk of those operated on were
Hindoos. The ratio per cent. of successful to total vaccinated was
about 88.1. Owing to the Superintendent of Vaccination for this Divi-
sion (Dr. Peach) proceeding to England on sick certificate at the end of
1856, no report was forwarded, whereby the causes of the increase
above noticed might be traced.
1857.—The total number vaccinated was seven thousand seven
hundred and thirty-six, (7,736), being an increase of one thousand and
fourteen (1,014) over the year 1856 : of these nearly six thousand (6,000)
were above one year of age, and the remainder below that age. About
81.5 were vaccinated with success. The Superintendent of the Divi-
sion (Dr. Ross) states :—
" The Annual Return of Vaccinations performed by Vaccinators employed by the Native
Chiefs in the Rewa Kanta and Rajpeepla States, shows that the work, notwithstanding the
disturbing causes present in 1857, is steadily increasing."
73
NORTHERN DECCAN DIVISION.
32. The Native State at " Peint" entertains one Vaccinator under
the Civil Surgeon at Nassick.
Table of Vaccination for four years and average :—
NORTH DECCAN DIVISION.
(Peint—Nassick).
Total Number Vaccinated . . . . .
SEX
. . . .
CASTE . .
AGE.
RESULT .
Males . . . . . .
Females. . . . .
Hindoos . . . . .
Mussalmans . . . .
Christians . . .. .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes . . . .
Under one year . . . .
Above one year . . . .
Successful . . . .
Unsuccessful . . . .
Doubtful . . . . .
Percentage of Success . . . . .
1854.
30
17
13
15
15
..
..
..
..
..
19
1
10
63.3
1855.
890
439
451
890
..
..
..
..
..
..
776
47
67
87.2
1856.
325
169
156
325
..
..
..
..
..
..
247
33
45
76.0
1857.
305
138
167
305
..
..
..
..
37
268
253
17
35
83.0
Average.
381
196
193
384
..
..
..
..
..
..
324
24
39
77.4
1856.—The total number vaccinated was three hundred and twenty-
five (325), a diminution of five hundred and sixty-five (565) from the
previous year, which the late Civil Surgeon Dr. Pelly ascribes to the
sickness of the Vaccinator and to the general unhealthiness of the
climate.
1857.—The total number vaccinated was three hundred and five
(305), a little less than the previous year, although there were disturb-
ing causes at Peint during the latter half of 1857. Only thirty-seven
(37) children under one year of age were vaccinated, whilst those
above that age numbered two hundred and sixty-eight (268).
SOUTHERN DECCAN DIVISION.
33. Vaccination in the Native State of Sawunt Warree, under the
care of the Sub-Assistant Surgeon, is alone included in these Returns.
The work is performed by one Vaccinator.
10 v
74
Table of Vaccination for five years and average:—
SAWUNT WARREE.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . . .
CASTE . .
AGE . . . .
RESULTS
Males . . . ..
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . .
Parsees . . .
Other Castes . .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . . .
Percentage of Success . . . .
1853.
4,247
2,190
2,057
3,919
221
107
..
..
..
..
3,879
355
13
91.3
1854.
6,663
3,305
3,358
6,406
138
119
..
..
..
..
6,251
361
51
93.8
1855.
4,675
2,337
2,338
4,295
293
87
..
..
..
..
4,186
323
166
89.5
1856.
6,638
3,271
3,367
6,460
91
87
..
..
..
..
5,919
436
283
89.1
1857.
6,102
3,073
3,029
5,844
142
116
..
..
811
5,291
5,000
664
438
81.9
Average.
5,665
2,835
2,830
5,385
177
103
..
..
..
..
5,047
428
190
89.1
1856.—The total number vaccinated was six thousand six hundred
and thirty-eight (6,638), an increase of nearly two thousand (2,000)
over the year 1855: of this number nearly six thousand (6,000) were
vaccinated with success, or nearly 90 per cent. The majority were
Hindoos, and of the sexes a nearly equal number of each were vacci-
nated.
Mr. Sub-Assistant Surgeon Spencer writes :—
" The Native Vaccinator and his peon have prosecuted their work with good result during
the past year, notwithstanding the difficulties which opposed the onward and steady progress
of vaccination in July last in one of the districts, and which was brought to notice in August
following; since then no difficulty was experienced by the Vaccinator. Small-pox has prevailed
in the Warree State, but not to any great extent, as only thirty-four (34) persons were affected
during the year, of these seven (7) died. The increase in the number of persons vaccinated
is chiefly to be attributed to the presence of Small-pox in the country, as the people now
come voluntarily to get the operation done, which was not the case before."
1857.—Assistant Surgeon Kearney states :—
"The number vaccinated during the year 1857 has been six thousand one hundred and two
(6,102), or five hundred and thirty-six (536) less than in 1856."
The diminution is said to be due to the prevalence of cholera, fever,
bowel complaints and measles, in the districts, to the severity of the
rains, and to the illness of the Assistant.
Dr. Kearney however trusts
that the progress of vaccination will not again decline, but continue to
show the same satisfactory results that have been maintained since the
Establishment was first formed in 1854. He says:—
" It is gratifying to report that during the last fourteen years sixty-eight thousand two hundred
and forty-six (68,246) persons have been vaccinated in this Agency, making a yearly average
of four thousand eight hundred and seventy-four (4,874).
75
He adds respecting the year 1857:—
" The condition of the lymph and vesicles has been uniformly good. No Small-pox prevailed
in the town of Warree, but it appeared in five villages in the district. The practice of inocu-
lation has long since ceased, and is strictly forbidden. No obstruction whatever exists to the
spread of vaccination; the people are perfectly willing to have their children vaccinated."
Dr. Kearney proposes to employ as additional Vaccinators two peons
who have been brought up in the Department—a measure, unattended
with expense and approved by the Political Superintendent.
KATTYWAR DIVISION.
34. Sixteen Vaccinators are entertained by the Native Chiefs under
the superintendence of Dr. Lord, Civil Surgeon at Rajkote, and Super-
intendent of Vaccination in Kattywar.
In 1857 there were five thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight
(5,838) vaccinations recorded, of which five thousand one hundred and
sixty-four, (5,164) or about 88.4 were successful. There were three
thousand and thirty-six (3,036) of the male, and two thousand eight
hundred and two (2,802) of the female sex vaccinated. Hindoos num-
bered five thousand one hundred and seventy (5,170), Mussalmans six
hundred and nineteen (619), and other castes forty-nine (49). There
were three thousand two hundred and ninety-six (3,296) children vac-
cinated above one year of age, and two thousand five hundred and
forty-two (2,542) below that age.
35. For further particulars relative to this Division, reference may be
made to the Reports of the Superintendent before given at pp. 32—34.
[ERRATUM.—Mahableshwur. At page 44 ante it was stated that no
vaccinations had been reported in 1857 at this station, because at the
time those sheets passed the press the Annual Report had not been
transmitted. It has since been received,—and it is found that there
were two hundred and fourteen (214) vaccinations performed in
1857: of these one hundred and twenty-four (124) were males, and
ninety (90) females; one hundred and eighty (180) were Hin-
doos, twenty-one (21) Mussalmans, nine (9) were Christians, and
four (4) Parsees; sixty (60) were under, and one hundred and fifty-
four (154) above one year of age; one hundred and seventy-six (176)
were vaccinated with success, and thirty-eight (38). failed ; the percen-
tage of success being 82.2. The table at page 44 and those in the Ap-
pendixes should therefore be corrected as above.
The Superintendent, Dr. Maitland, states :—
" The number of persons vaccinated during the past year is considerably in excess of the
preceding years. This must be attributed to the exertions of my predecessor Dr. Winchester
whose zeal in the cause of vaccination is well known."]
76
MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS.
36. The Director-General has now brought to a conclusion the
sketch of vaccination proceedings in 1856 and 1857, commenced at
page. 4 ante ; but before closing the Report, he is desirous of recording
some circumstances which have occurred during these two years, and
then of submitting a brief analysis of the tables in Appendix No. 2
relating to the years 1853 to 1857.
Increase of Pay to Vac-
cinators in Sind.
37. With reference to para. 11 p. 4 of the present Report, it should
be added that the Government of India, by letter
No. 1549, of 28th November 1856, confirmed the
sanction of this Government to the grant of travelling batta of three
annas per diem to each member of the Subordinate Vaccination Estab-
lishment under the Superintendent of Vaccination in Sind, and to
the allowance of Rs. 100 hitherto granted for the conveyance of
children with lymph from village to village being fixed at Rs. 150 for
the future.
Dr. Broughton's paper
on Vaccination before al-
luded to at p. 42.
38. In August 1856 Mr. Broughton, Civil Surgeon, Kolapore, sub-
mitted to the late Medical Board a Tract on
Vaccination and Small-pox, drawn up in concise
and familiar terms, and well adapted for transla-
tion into the Vernacular languages. Under Government Resolution No.
3301, of 14th November 1856, the paper was translated into Hindoo-
stanee, Murathee, Guzerathee, and Canarese, by the Oriental Translator
to Government, and into Sindee by a Sindian Moonshee, and between
twelve and thirteen thousand copies freely distributed amongst all
classes of the community. Mr. Broughton's paper was subsequently
brought to the notice of the Honorable Court of Directors, who express-
ed themselves, in October 1857, as "very desirous that all available
means should be taken to ensure the appreciation of the benefits con-
ferred by vaccination by the dissemination amongst the people of
information on the subject in a popular form."
Indirect aids to Vacci-
nation.
39. In para. 104 p. 24 of the Vaccination Report for 1855, the late
Medical Board suggested that some indirect
means of compulsory vaccination might perhaps
be advisable, such as by making it essential that
all persons seeking Government employment, and all children admitted
into Government schools, should have been previously vaccinated.
The subject was referred by the Government of India for the considera-
tion of the Honorable Court of Directors, who, in para, No. 66, of their
77
Despatch No. 123, of December 1856, state, that " they do not think
that any authoritative rule on the subject should be promulgated," and
concur in the opinion of the Government of India "in the inexpediency
of passing any rule for rendering vaccination an indispensable condi-
tion of obtaining Government employment."
Compulsory Vaccina-
tion in Sind.
40. With reference to the 33rd para. p. 12 of the Medical Board's
Report on Vaccination in 1855, regarding the
forcible vaccination of adults in Sind by the late
Superintendent, the Honorable Court of Directors,
by their Despatch No. 53, of 6th October 1857, express themselves
as follows :—
(18) Misconduct of the
Superintendent of Vac-
cination in Sind, in hav-
ing forcibly vaccinated cer-
tain inhabitants of Kur-
rachee.
Para. 12. " Dr.—'s conduct first attracted the attention of the
Medical Board by the circumstances connected
with his having forcibly vaccinated a Purvoe in
the service of Government, for which offence he
was fined Rs. 50 by the Magistrate of Kurrachee ;
and from the investigations pursued by the
Board, it would seem that the system pursued by him was to 'peram-
bulate the streets and roads with the Foujdar, and tell every man they
met that he must then and there be vaccinated, no objections being
allowed to be of any avail.' He was then charged with forcibly enter-
ing houses and vaccinating 'not only children but men of 50 or 60
years of age.' Dr. —
denied having used any violence, but he
appears to admit that he vaccinated persons who were disinclined to
the operation, and it is clear that the effect of his indiscreet conduct was
to raise up a determined spirit of resistance amongst the inhabitants of
Kurrachee and Hyderabad, and, for a time at least, to put an end to all
vaccination operations at the former place. Notwithstanding the repre-
sentations made by the Officiating Commissioner as to the benevolent
motives by which Dr. -
had been actuated, we are surprised at
your having abstained from ordering his immediate withdrawal from
Sind. You will communicate to Dr. —
our strong displeasure at
his extreme indiscretion, and the opinion which we feel it our duty to
express on this subject; and you will let it be known throughout our
Medical Department, that we shall not hesitate to remove from our
Service any of our servants who may hereafter manifest such utter dis-
regard of the feelings of the people, and of the deplorable consequences
that ensue to the State from such indiscretion."
41. In para. 87 of their Despatch, 14th July 1857, the Honorable
Court state on the subject of compulsory vaccination generally :—" It is
most desirable that the feelings of the people should as far as possible
78
be conciliated in the measures taken by our officers, either for the pre-
vention of inoculation, or for the spread of vaccination. We trust that
while no doubt is suffered to exist as to the wishes of your Government,
and while due support is given to the Vaccinators, it will be borne in
mind that measures of a compulsory character are not permitted, for the
purpose of extending the practice of vaccination."
Suppression of Inocula-
tion by legal Enactments.
42. In August 1856 the late Medical Board brought to the notice of
Government that inoculation was practised in the
Concan (see p. 8 ante), and that the checks upon
it seemed to be ineffectual so long as the Law
confers no authority to enforce its suppression. In September 1856
Government applied to the Remembrancer of Legal Affairs for his
opinion as to "how far the present state of the law will justify inter-
ference to put a stop to the barbarous practice of inoculation through-
out the Mofussil." In April 1857 Government, by letter No. 875,
informed the late Medical Board that "the practice of inoculation is not
prohibited by law in India, and that the Right Honorable the Governor
in Council is unable to authorise the adoption of any forcible measures
by the local authorities with the view of suppressing it, and that so late
as 1853 the Government of India deemed a prohibitory enactment
inexpedient."
Quality of Lymph em-
ployed in July 1857.
43. In para. 67 of Honorable Court's Despatch No. 123, of December
1856, to the Government of India, it is stated :—
" We take this opportunity of recalling your
attention to a subject which has frequently been
under your consideration, and which is of great importance with re-
ference to the spread of vaccination in India. We allude to the quality
of the vaccine lymph supplied to the Vaccinators in the Mofussil.
We
are aware that in the North-West Provinces measures are in progress
for securing a constant supply of good lymph ; but we are desirous that
the best mode of avoiding the discouragement to the practice of vacci-
nation which must inevitably result from the extensive failure of the
lymph employed should engage special consideration with reference to
all parts of India."
Same Subject.
44. On this reference the late Medical Board called for Reports
from Superintendents of Vaccination, dated 1st
July 1857, with respect to the condition of the
lymph during the last six months, and then in use by each Vaccinator,
with date of last renewal.
The following is a summary of the Reports:—The lymph during the
last six months was reported every where to have been good, except
under two Native Vaccinators in the Concan, where it had deterio-
79
rated from the employment of vaccine matter of the ninth and tenth
days, but had been renewed by fresh lymph from neighbouring Vacci-
nators ; and in Sind, where a Vaccinator was using imperfect lymph,
but which had been replaced by excellent matter. The present condi-
tion and date of last renewal were as follows:—
Presidency Division . . . . .
Concan do. . . . . . .
Northern Deccan . . . . .
Siuthern do. . . . . .
Eastern Guzerat . . . .
Western do. . . . . .
Sind
.
.
.
.
.
.
" Good." Renewed in 1855.
"Correct." Renewed in 1855.
"Healthy and good." Renewed in 1849.
" Pure and efficient." Never renewed.
" Good." Does not require renewal.
" Good."
Do.
do.
"Good."
Do.
do.
It was stated by the Board, that the general good quality of lymph
supplied to the Vaccinators in the Mofussil is fully established. Never-
theless, it would appear desirable that there should be a constant stock
of good lymph kept up by periodical supplies from England.
New Registers and
Forms introduced.
45. In September 1857, Government approved of certain new Forms
and Registers of Vaccination submitted by the
late Medical Board, which were consequently
introduced into the Department from the 1st
October 1857. Consequent thereon the following alterations were
made in Section VIII. of the Regulations.
VACCINATION RETURNS.
Art. 39. A Monthly Register of Vaccination, according to Form V 1, is to be kept by each
Native Vaccinator, in the Vernacular language, and copy forwarded to the Superintendent,
along with the attestation of the correctness of the Register obtained from the Headman of the
Village (Form V 2).
40. Superintendents, after having satisfied themselves of the correctness of the Registers,
will frame from them two (2) Returns, Form V 3 for the Collector of the District, and Form
V 4 (in duplicate) for the Superintending Surgeon of the Division.
41. Civil Surgeons will frame a Monthly Return in duplicate, according to Form V. 5, of
the work performed by the Station Vaccinator, and forward one copy to the Collector and the
other to the Superintending Surgeon.
42. Superintending Surgeons will, from Forms V 4 and V 5, frame a Monthly Return of
Vaccination in their Divisions (Form V 6), and forward it to the Medical Board, along with
one copy of Form V 4.
43. In framing the Annual Returns (from the 1st January to 31st December of each year),
Superintendents of Vaccination, Civil Surgeons, and Superintending Surgeons will employ
Forms V 4, V 5, and V 6 for the purpose, adapting them as may be required, to show the
totals of the previous twelve Monthly Returns, and contrasting the totals of number vaccinated
(arranged according to Sex, Caste, Age, and Result) with those of the previous year.
44. Superintendents of Vaccination and Civil Surgeons will make an Annual Report on the
progress of Vaccination, to be submitted to Superintending Surgeons, not later than 15th
February in each year.