NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGIST
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1897-98.
Rinderpest.—Owing to the unfurnished state of the Laboratory at the
commencement of the official year 1897-98, it was impossible to commence
Rinderpest investigations in earnest at Muktesar, for no gas or water had been
layed on and the cinerator also had not been commenced.
2. I therefore deemed it advisable to visit the localities where severe
outbreaks of the disease were known to exist, and there watch the course of
the malady, conduct post-mortem examinations and collect pathological
material for further examination at the Laboratory, and if possible, to make
some experiments, should opportunity permit of my doing so. With this
end in view, the Government of India, Revenue and Agriculture Department,
issued orders that information should be wired to Muktesar from all parts of
the country within fairly easy reach of the Laboratory concerning Rinder-
pest outbreaks of any severity.
As a consequence of the above orders, and the reports received with
regard to the prevalence of the disease, it was decided to visit the district of
Jalpaiguri, North East Bengal, where it was stated 1,400 animals, bovines and
buffaloes, had succumbed within a period of a few weeks previous to the
despatch of the returns.
3. As on April 10th, Dr. J. W. W. Stephens, the Assistant Bacteriolo-
gist, arrived at Muktesar from England, I arranged that this officer should
accompany me ' en tour ' having previously obtained sanction.
4. We left Muktesar on April 12th, arriving in Calcutta on the 15th
instant, and after obtaining the necessary information from the Superinten-
dent, Civil Veterinary Department, Bengal, proceeded to the seat of the out-
break of Rinderpest at and around Alipore-Duars. Here we remained for a
period of two weeks, visiting the affected villages, making post-mortem exa-
minations on those cattle which had succumbed to the disease, and collect-
ing specimens of the affected tissues for further examination on our return
to the Laboratory. As the Epizootic was spreading in a north-easterly
direction, and dying out near Alipore, we accepted the kind invitation of Mr.
George Murray of the Jainti Tea Estate, who had suffered loss among his cattle
from Rinderpest, to proceed to his Bungalow, and there if opportunity offered to
conduct a series of experiments with a view to test the efficacy of subcutaneous
injections of Rinderpest serum as a preventive measure. We arrived on the
evening of the 4th May, but were obliged to leave four days later.
5. In accordance with directions from the Government of India, contain-
ed in your deferred telegram, dated Simla, May 5th, received by me at Jainti,
Hathipoda, North-East Bengal, at 5 P.M. on Sunday, 9th May 1897 ; I started
the same evening and arrived in Bombay on May 16th.
9
40. Mallein.—During the past official year 24 tubes of Mallein have
been distributed to the officers of the Civil Veterinary Department. Eighteen to
the Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Bengal, and six to the Princi-
pal, Veterinary College, Lahore.
Tuberculin.—Four fluid ounces of Tuberculin were supplied to the Super-
intendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Bengal, in September 1897.
41. Herewith are enclosed five Appendices:—
(a) Appendix I.—Journal of journeys during 1897-98.
(b) Appendix II.—Outbreaks of Surra and Anthrax reported during
1897-98.
(c) Appendix III.—Statement of telegrams re outbreaks of Rinder-
pest.
(d) Appendix IV.—(i) Preliminary Note upon seventy-one cases of
Filaria Oculi in Equines.
(ii) Extra-Ocular Filariasis in Equines and Bo-
vines.
(iii) Short note on a case of Syngamus laryngis in
the Ox.
(e) Appendix V.—Meteorological charts giving the rainfall, tempera-
ture, etc., at Muktesar during official year 1897-
98.
APPENDIX I.
JOURNAL OF JOURNEYS DURING 1897-98.
12
APPENDIX I.
JOURNAL OF JOURNEYS DURING 1897-98.
Rinderpest investigations.
1897 . April 12 to 16 . .
„ 17 to 19 . .
„ 20 to 26 . .
May 4 .
.
.
.
„ 5 to 9 . . .
„ 10 .
.
.
.
„ 11 to 12 . . .
„ 13 to 16 . . .
„ 17 to 25 . . .
„ 26 to 28 . . .
„ 29 to June 1 . .
June 2 to 4 . . .
September 28 to October 1
October 2 to 10 . .
„
11 and 12 . .
„
13 and 14 . .
„
15 to 25 . .
„
26 and 27 . .
„
28 and 29 . .
December 25 to 28 .
„
28 and 29 .
„ 30 . . .
„ 31 . . .
1898 . January 1 and 2 . .
„
3
.
. .
„ 4 . . .
„
5 to 7 . .
March 12 to 15 . .
„ 16
.
.
.
„ 17
.
.
.
„ 18
.
.
.
„ 19
.
.
.
„ 20
.
.
.
„ 21
.
.
.
„ 22
.
.
.
„ 23
.
.
.
„ 24 to 26 . .
Muktesar to Calcutta.
Calcutta to Alipur.
Halt at Alipur.
Alipur to Jainti.
Halt at Jainti.
Jainti to Torsa.
Torsa to Calcutta.
Calcutta to Bombay.
Halt at Bombay.
Bombay to Lucknow.
Lucknow, Fyzabad, Akbarpur and Tanda,
Akbarpur to Muktesar.
Muktesar to Simla.
Halt at Simla.
Simla to Karnal.
Karnal to Ghazipur.
Ghazipur and Rinderpest localities.
Ghazipur to Kathgodam.
Eathgodam to Muktesar.
Muktesar to Bareilly.
Bareilly to Mohand.
Mohand.
Mohand to Sabaranpur.
Saharanpur.
Saharanpur to Roorkee.
Roorkee to Bareilly.
Bareilly to Muktesar.
Muktesar to Cawnpur.
Cawnpur. Interview with the Director of Land
Records.
Waiting for telegram to be received from the
Director of Land Records re Rinderpest.
Receipt of telegram, 7 P.M.
Lucknow.
Halt.
Interview with the Lieutenant-Governor.
Lucknow to Bareilly.
Bareilly.
Bareilly to Muktesar.
The official year 1897-98 was entirely spent in India. Seven thousand and five (7,005)
miles were travelled by rail and six hundred and sixty-seven (667) by road.
APPENDIX II.
OUTBREAKS OF SURRA AND ANTHRAX REPORTED DURING 1897-98,
BEING RECORDED IN THE ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF
THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, IS NOT PRINTED.
APPENDIX III.
STATEMENT OF TELEGRAMS re OUTBREAKS OF RINDERPEST.
NOT PRINTED.
APPENDIX IV.
A.—PRELIMINARY NOTE UPON SEVENTY-ONE CASES OF Filaria-Oculi
IN EQUINES.
B.-EXTRA-OCULAR FILARIASIS IN EQUINES AND BOVINES.
C.—SHORT NOTE ON A CASE OF Syngamus laryngis.
20
the extent and peculiarities of the Karnal Estate, afterwards dealing in the same way with
that at Saharanpur; then to enquire into the more salient points bearing on the ætiology
of this affection ; and, finally, to put on record the microscopic characters of the examples of
the filaria examined, and mention any thing worthy of notice.
Karnal.
The Depôt Estate, situated at Karnal, Lower Punjab, 809 feet elevation above sea
level, contains some 3,000 acres of land, and was part of one continuous plain, and, for
years, has been intersected by roads, but the soil and conditions were nearly the same
throughout. In some portions of the Estate, especially Paddock No. II, it was subjected
to inundation during the rains, the land being water-logged and boggy, where grasses of the
rankest description thrived. There were several ponds about the Estate, but the largest
and most important in connection with this report was in Paddock No. II. Some portions
of the land are reserved for green fodder crops grown under irrigation, the water being
conveyed by Rajbahas direct from the West Jumna Canal.
Between 1892 and 1896, inclusive, the number of country-bred horses in the depôt
varied between 624 and 860. But from the end of 1896 or beginning of 1897, all country-
breds not issued were sent to the Government Depôt at Hopur, North-Western Provinces,
and Karnal became a depôt for Australian horses like Saharanpur.
Owing to an outbreak of Surra, Filariasis and fever, towards the end of the year 1895,
a special report was written which embodied certain suggestions, with a view to improve the
health of the stock by rendering the Estate more sanitary. Early in 1896, the stagnant ponds
were filled up and enclosed and efforts made to drain the worst localities.
The following is a list, giving details concerning fifty-one cases of ' worm in the eye
at Karnal.
21
TABLE I.
Showing the details concerning fifty-one cases of Filaria Oculi which occurred at Karnal Government Depôt between 1892-1898.
Serial No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Veterinary
case book
No.
54
13
660
707
889
996
1053
1295
1399
1461
886
913
982
987
1027
1055
1080
1131
1165
1171
1173
1207
1192
1236
1255
1323
1373
Karnal
Brand
No.
55
25
1170
748
1195
1341
986
1344
1377
1438
1668
1502
1539
1964
1867
1552
1455
1600
1680
1728
1454
1377
1827
1915
1000
1591
1900
Stable
No.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
4
...
...
5
5
6
...
3
3
1
5
5
Color.
Bay ...
Brown
...
Bay ...
Chest ...
Do. ...
Bay ...
Brown ...
Bay ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Brown ...
Do. ...
Bay ...
Chest ...
Bay ...
Chest ...
Bay ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Bay ...
Chest ...
Brown
...
Bay
...
Do.
...
Grey
...
Sex.
Mare ...
Colt ...
Gelding ...
Mare ...
Do. ...
Gelding ...
Colt ...
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Mare ...
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Filly ...
Gelding ...
Filly ...
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Colt ...
Mare ...
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Age.
Years.
3
5
2
6
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
3
2
2
3
3
3
Months.
...
3
10
...
...
6
7
10
11
5
4
...
1
3
8
9
7
1
7
...
4
3
9
8
9
11
10
Date of purchase
or
birth.
14
7
13
22
23
17
Home
17
27
7
7
16
5
14
23
12
16
22
30
10
16
27
5
14
Home
18
8
V
III
III
XI
III
III
Stud
III
III
IV
I
IV
IX
IV
III
X
IV
X
XI
II
IV
III
III
IV
Stud
X
IV
1891
1889
1892
1890
1892
1893
...
1893
1893
1893
1894
1893
1893
1894
1894
1893
1893
1893
1893
1894
1893
1893
1894
1894
...
1893
1894
Date of admission
to hospital for
Filaria.
1
11
23
9
7
25
10
1
2
26
29
4
14
15
27
1
7
22
1
5
5
18
12
31
6
30
16
II
XII
XII
I
III
IX
X
XII
I
I
IX
X
X
X
X
XI
XI
XI
XII
XII
XII
XII
XII
XII
I
I
II
1892
1892
1892
1893
1893
1893
1893
1893
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1895
1895
1895
Period which
elapsed between
purchase or birth
and appearance of
F.Oculi.
Yrs.
0
3
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
3
1
0
Months.
8
9
9
1
11
6
7
8
9
9
10
5
1
6
7
0
6
1
0
9
7
8
9
8
9
3
10
Days.
18
5
11
17
15
9
0
14
6
19
23
18
9
1
5
20
21
0
1
23
19
22
8
16
0
13
8
Disease.
F. Oculi ...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
Result.
C.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Destroyed
C.
„
„
„
B.
C.
„
„
„
B.
C.
Date of result.
7
26
26
21
11
9
13
11
4
17
5
7
23
21
7
12
27
9
14
18
8
31
30
8
16
8
30
V
I
II
IV
VI
X
XI
XII
II
II
XI
XI
X
X
XI
V
XI
XII
II
II
VII
I
IV
IV
III
VII
IV
1892
1893
1893
1893
1892
1893
1893
1893
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1894
1895
1894
1894
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
REMARKS.
Destroyed.
22
Showing the details concerning fifty-one cases of Filaria Oculi which occurred at Karnal Government Depôt between 1892-1898—contd.
Serial No.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Veterinary
case book
No.
1340
722
738
797
867
822
910
917
1002
1004
1005
1006
663
764
771
356
357
372
374
390
391
419
424
526
Karnal
Brand
No.
1812
1974
1257
112
170
1938
1675
121
...
92
1966
1914
179
355
188
423
674
441
462
175
185
99
506
710
Stable
No.
5
3
14
5
14
4
5
11
2
4
4
4
15
4
3
2
Bullock-
shed.
11
6
8
2
7
10
11
Color.
Bay ...
Chest ...
Do. ...
Bay
...
Dun
...
Bay
...
Do. ...
Dun ...
Bay ...
Do. ...
Dun ...
Bay ...
Roan
...
Chest ...
Bay ...
Chest ...
Do. ...
Bay ...
Do. ...
Do.
..
Brown ...
Chest ...
Brown ...
Chest ...
Sex.
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Mare ...
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Do.
...
Mare ...
Colt ...
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Mare ...
Gelding ...
Filly ...
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Mare
...
Gelding ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Mare ...
Do.
...
Age.
Years.
3
3
5
3
2
3
4
4
...
2
3
3
3
3
3
5
6
7
6
6
6
6
7
5
Months.
...
9
6
10
6
5
8
8
9
1
8
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Date of purchase
or
birth.
20
15
5
1
3
14
30
1
Home
19
14
14
29
1
2 V
13
28
16
19
21
30
12
8
4
II
VIII
VI
IV
V
IV
XI
IV
Stud ...
III
IV
IV
VII
IV
III
I
XI
I
I
XII
XII
XII
II
XI
1894
1894
1892
1895
1895
1894
1893
1895
1895
1894
1994
1895
1896
1895
1897
1895
1897
1897
1896
1896
1896
1897
1896
Date of admission
to hospital for
Filaria.
5
11
8
24
7
29
17
18
5
5
6
6
24
27
30
29
31
11
13
24
24
21
22
11
II
X
XI
X
XI
X
XI
XI
XII
XII
XII
XII
X
XI
XI
X
X
XI
XI
XI
XI
XII
XII
II
1895
1895
1894
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1896
1896
1896
1897
1897
1897
1897
1897
1897
1897
1897
1898
Period which
elapsed between
purchase or birth
and appearance of
F Oculi.
Yrs.
0
1
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Months.
11
1
5
6
6
6
11
7
9
8
7
7
2
7
3
9
11
9
11
10
0
10
3
Days.
13
27
3
24
5
15
17
18
0
17
22
22
28
27
29
17
2
26
25
4
25
9
11
7
Disease.
F. Oculi ...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„
„
...
Result.
C.
B.
Died
C.
„
„
B.
C.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
B.
C.
„
„
„
„
Date of result.
30
28
8
28
22
28
17
25
24
4
11
16
12
5
5
18
30
30
9
21
13
27
7
25
IV
XI
XI
XII
XI
XII
XII
III
II
II
I
XII
XII
I
I
XII
XI
XI
I
XII
XII
I
I
II
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1896
1896
1896
1896
1895
1896
1897
1897
1897
1897
1897
1898
1897
1897
1898
1898
1898
REMARKS.
23
Age.—On reference to the above table, it will be observed that animals between 9 months
and 7 years were affected, and it is probable that, if others of a more advanced age had been
kept at this depôt, a certain proportion might likewise have been the subjects of Filaria Oculi ;
but of necessity only young and mature animals are required for the purpose of remounts.
Months and seasons of the year.—An analysis with regard to the period of the year in
which each of the fifty-one cases occurred is given below :—
TABLE II.
Showing the years and months during which fifty-one cases of Filaria Oculi occurred at Karnal
Government Depôt.
Year.
1892 ... ...
1893 ... ...
1894 ... ...
1895 ... ...
1896 ... ...
1897 ... ...
1898 ... ...
Total ...
Percentage
January.
...
1
2
2
...
...
...
5
9.80
February.
1
...
...
2
...
...
1
4
7.84
March.
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
1
1.96
April.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
May.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
June.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
July.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
August.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
September.
...
1
1
...
...
...
...
2
3.92
October.
...
1
4
3
1
2
...
11
21.57
November.
...
...
4
3
2
4
...
13
25.49
December.
2
1
6
4
...
2
...
15
29.42
Total.
3
5
17
14
3
8
1
51
100
The most prominent fact noticeable is that no case of Filaria occurred between the months
of April—August, inclusive, during a period of seven years ; but that 80 per cent. of the cases
were observed during the last four months of the year, 76 per cent. of which occurred in
October, November and December, and the remaining 20 per cent. appeared in the first quar-
ter. Further it is apparent that many more cases occur during certain years than in others :
for instance, 1894 with 17 cases, 1892 with 3 only.
Temperature and moisture.—Karnal, during January and February, is very pleasant, as
the winter rains keep the air fairly cool; but in the succeeding months, previous to the mon-
soon in June, intense heat is experienced, especially during those years deficient in rainfall.
TABLE III.
Monthly rainfall of Karnal (Punjab) for the years 1892-1897.
Year.
1892 ... ...
1893 ... ...
1894 ... ...
1895 ... ...
1896 ... ...
1897 ... ...
Total
...
Mean
...
January.
0.25
2.17
3.87
2.68
0.67
0.10
9.74
1.62
February.
8.75
1.63
1.15
0.24
0.26
0.00
4.03
0.67
March.
0.00
0.29
1.38
0.56
0.00
0.20
2.43
0.40
April.
0.00
0.23
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.25
0.94
0.15
May.
0.00
1.05
0.74
0.78
0.85
1.02
4.44
0.74
June.
2.18
3.07
6.83
11.62
3.16
2.20
29.06
4.84
July.
2.16
10.17
10.20
7.68
2.78
8.31
41.75
6.96
August.
15.37
2.59
7.22
10.21
9.77
3.04
48.20
8.03
September.
15.96
15.32
9.44
0.85
0.00
5.90
47.47
7.91
October.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
November.
0.00
0.00
1.88
0.00
0.15
0.00
2.03
0.34
December.
1.15
0.90
2.57
0.00
0.95
0.00
5.57
0.93
Total.
33.27
37.42
45.28
35.08
18.59
21.02
195.66
32.61
25
TABLE IV.
Showing the details concerning twenty-one cases of Filaria Oculi which occurred at Saharanpur
Government Depôt between 1893-1897.
Serial.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Depôt No.
Karnal.
1257
1257
100-Y.S.
9939
80-Y.S.
9777
60-Y. S.
8683
364
9768
656
8747
421
1513
9618
114-Y. S.
2196
1536
2094
2225
1889
Breed.
Country-bred
„
„
Australian
Country-bred
Australian
Country-bred
Australian
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Country-bred
Australian
Country-bred
Australian
„
„
Date
of
landing.
Country-bred
„
„
November
1893.
Country-bred
November
1893.
Country-bred
November
1892.
November
1894.
November
1893.
November
1894.
November
1892.
November
1894.
November
1895.
November
1893.
Country-bred
November
1896.
Country-bred
October 1896
November
1896.
November
1896.
Date
of
admission.
19th Decem-
ber 1893.
10th Novem-
ber 1894.
22nd Novem-
ber 1894.
17th Decem-
ber 1894
18 th January
1895.
28th Febru-
ary 1895.
30th Septem-
ber 1895.
11th October
1895.
18th Novem-
ber 1895.
7th December
1895.
10th Decem-
ber 1895.
12th Decem-
ber 1895.
9th Febru-
ary 1896.
15th Novem-
ber 1896.
26th Novem-
ber 1896.
19th Decem-
ber 1896.
6th Decem-
ber 1897.
20th Decem-
ber 1897.
22nd Decem-
ber 1897.
28th Decem-
ber 1897.
29th Decem-
ber 1897.
Period which
elapsed
between
landing and
appearance
of
F. Oculi.
Yrs. Ms. days.
...
...
...
1 1 0
...
1 4 0
...
2 11 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
3 1 0
1 3 0
1 0 0
3 0 0
...
1 1 0
...
1 2 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
Date
of
discharge.
7th
April
1894.
11th Janu-
ary 1895.
7th Decem-
ber 1894.
2nd January
1895.
1st
April
1895.
31st March
1895.
22nd October
1895.
18th October
1895.
2nd Decem-
ber 1895.
7th January
1896.
30th Decem-
ber 1895.
18th Decem-
ber 1895.
17th March
1896.
21st Novem-
ber 1896.
30th Novem-
ber 1896.
26th Decem-
ber 1896.
16th Decem-
ber 1897.
31st Decem-
ber 1897.
24th Decem-
ber 1897.
1st January
1898.
Result.
Cured
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Still in hospital
Remarks.
Animals not grazed in the paddocks ; water for drinking purposes obtained from wells. Lucerne grass, only green food given ; it was grown in the depôt
and irrigated
with canal water.
31
Neumann in his general description of the parasite lays more or less stress on the fact
that in the specimens examined by him the " integument is not transversely striated, but a
faint longitudinal marking is evident."
In the specimens Nos. VIII and X above mentioned, the former presents slight tranverse
striæ, while in the latter they are a feature of the parasite. In the description of No. X is
is stated. The body is tranvsersely striated, the cross markings commence 0.360 mm. from
the buccal orifice and the first ten measure 0.172 m.m. the intervening spaces varying in
width between 0.0160 and 0.024 m m. On microscopical examination of the specimens it is
at once observed that one has to do with a totally different species, to the thread like
worms previously described; the body is more or less flat and presents the appearance of a
piece of tape, the head instead of being markedly attenuated towards the mouth, is wide and
somewhat resembles that of a flat fish in contour, the cuticle is more or less regularly serrated
and the mouth centrally placed, projects and is not guarded by lips in No.X, but occupies
the centre of a transparent chitinous setting, the round apperture measuring 0.018 mm. in
diameter. Both parasites are pigmented, the caudal extremity of No. VIII being quite black,
with the exception of the cuticle which is transparent, but in both it is difficult to make
out the course of the œsophagus for the same reasons.
At the present time it is generally thought that the Filaria Oculi is the immature
offspring of the Filaria equina commonly found in the abdominal cavity of horses; and that
the worm found in the eye of the ox is derived from the Filaria cervina usually come across
in the abdominal or other cavities of cattle. With regard to the source from which Nos. VIII
and X are drived, it is at present impossible to surmise, for the horses from which the Filaræ
were obtained were young and valuable remounts, which were forwarded to cavalry regiments in
distant and different parts of India, and it would be with great difficulty that the further
history of these animals, could be followed.
It is my intention as opportunities offer to continue the investigation of this subject,
so that in a future paper I may be able to throw more light on the question at issue.
36
TABLE VIII.
Showing measurements of the Filaria lachrymalis, together with those of a single specimen of
the Filaria palpebralis.
ANIMAL.
SEX OF NEMATODES.
Description of part measured.
Total length ... ... ...
Diameter of the buccal opening
...
Ditto
head at commencement of
œsophagus.
Length of œsophagus ...
..
Diameter of œsophagus, upper end ...
Ditt
ditto
lower end...
Distance Genital opening from B. ori
fice.
Diameter of body opposite Genital
opening.
Diameter of cuticle here ... ...
Ditto
body, middle, third ...
Ditto
cuticle here ... ...
Ditto
body, posterior, third ...
Ditto
cuticle here ... ...
Distance of Anus from candal ex
tremity.
Diameter of body opposite anus ...
Ditto
intestine at commencement
Ditto ditto in posterior, ⅓
body.
Transverse markings on surface of {
body.
Distance of uterus Buccal orifice ...
containing ova {
from
... Caudal extremity
Length of ova containing Filaria ... {
Distance of base of large spicule from
end of the tail.
Long ...
Length of specules {
Short ...
Length of specules Long ...
projecting beyond {
cloaca.
Short ...
(a) Long. Base
(b) „
Ex¬
tremity.
Diameter of specules {
(c) Short. Base
(d) „
Ex¬
tremity.
OX.
FEMALE.
No. I.
Milli
metres .
8.5025
0.0296
0.0760
0.6105
0.0352
0.0583
0.3200
0.2640
0.0340
0.4280
0.0680
0.3840
0.0440
0.0680
0.0820
0.0540
0.1400
0.0100
0.0128
0.8640
0.2120
No. II.
Milli
metres.
10.5117
0.0280
0.0760
0.5772
0.0320
0.0600
0.3040
0.3000
0.0480
0.4760
0.0480
0.4920
0.0460
0.0640
0.0840
0.0600
0.0440*
0.0108
0.0168
1.4880
0.2440
MALE.
No. III.
Milli¬
metres.
7.6400
0.0240
0.0800
0.5760
0.0280
0.0540
...
...
...
0.4760
0.0880
0.4540
0.0700
0.0720
0.1000
0.0580
0.0800
0.0114
0.0140
...
...
No. IV.
Milli
metres.
8.7760
0.0268
0.0680
0.5080
0.0320
0.0560
...
...
...
0.4800
0.0700
0.4600
0.0500
0.0680
0.0640
0.0640
0.0840
0.0148
0.0160
...
...
Length varying from 0.0320 to 0.0380.
Breadth
ditto
0.0200 to 0.0250.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.0460
0.8400
0.1220
Retracted
Retracted
0.0048
0.0120
0.0110
0.0052
0.6400
0.7280
0.3240
0.1600
0.1800
0.0120
0.0040
0.0110
0.0040
HORSE.
MALE.
No. I.
Milli
metres.
6.3200
0.0280
0.0600
0.4440
0.0300
0.0480
...
...
...
0.3240
0.0740
0.3360
0.0560
0.0600
0.0720
0.0520
0.1000
0.0140
0.0153
...
...
0.6400
0.0866
0.0152
0.0172
Retracted
0.0120
0.0040
0.0100
0.0024
REMARKS.
The measurement of the.
cuticle includes—
(a) Chitinous layer.
(b) Granular layer.
* Pressed flat by gravid-
uterus.
} On head anterior 1/3 of
body.