NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
xvi.
APPENDICES.
Deaths during the year 1898—concluded.
No.
35
36
37
38
Name.
Maung Shwe
Kin.
Ali ...
Nga Hte ...
Laljee
...
Date of
admission into
the asylum.
13th August
1897.
27th February
1892.
16th Novem-
ber 1897.
23rd July 1884.
State of
health.
Good ...
Do ...
Bad
...
Do. ...
Date of last
admission into
hospital.
9th October
1898.
3rd October
1898.
19th Novem-
ber 1898.
22nd Septem-
ber 1898.
Age at death.
Years.
41
42
30
64
Date of death.
19th October
1898.
31st October
1898.
22nd Novem-
ber 1898.
25th Novem-
ber 1898.
Cause of death.
Dysentery ...
Cardiac dropsy
Dysentery
...
Left hemiplegia
Remarks.
He was often in convalescent gang and hospital for loss of weight and
debility. Lastly admitted for dysentery. He was dirty in habits, destruc-
tive and restless. He gradually lost ground and died from exhaustion.
Post mortem.—Brain 2 lbs. 9 oz.; substance pale, soft and adherent to the
duramater; superficial vessels rather gorged with blood; cavities dilated
and no serous fluid in the ventricles. Alimentary canal: mucous mem-
brane of the stomach and small intestines thickened and indurated, of a dirty
brownish grey colour; no sloughing, but apparently indurated from a pre-
vious attack of inflammation. There was an intussusception of about 6
inches of the lower portion of ilium into the cæcum, the bowel being
tightly grasped and gangrenous. Large intestines showed patches of
congestion all over. The lower portion of colon and the whole rectum
showed several large ulcers covered with sloughs.
Admitted on 27th February 1892 in good health. He was on several occa-
sions in convalescent gang and hospital for loss of weight and different
diseases. Lastly admitted on 3rd October 1898 for weak heart, œdema
of lower extremities and puffiness of face with constant loose motions.
Since his admission he had a tendency to refuse food, medicine, &c.
He was dirty in habits and restless. Food and medicine could only be
given with great difficulty. He gradually lost ground and died on 31st
October 1898 from exhaustion.
No post mortem made, the man being a Mussulman.
Was admitted in indifferent health; he was subject to repeated attacks of
headache and epileptic fits. Lastly admitted into hospital for dysentery.
He gradually lost ground and died from exhaustion.
Post mortem.—Brain 2 lbs. 12 oz.; nothing marked. Alimentary canal:
mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestines congested in patch-
es; mucous membrane of large intestines thickened, indurated, and show-
ed numerous ulcers covered with sloughs.
A weak, emaciated old man, admitted in bad health. He spent most of his
time in hospital and convalescent gang for debility and loss of weight.
He was dirty, destructive and excitable. Finally admitted for left hemi-
plegia. He gradually lost ground and died from exhaustion.
xviii.
APPENDICES.
STATEMENT No. IX.—Showing the cash account of the Rangoon Lunatic Asylum for the year 1898.
Name of
asylum.
1
Rangoon Lunatic Asylum.
RECEIPTS.
Received from the treasury.
2
Rs. 41,532-7-10.
Received from paying patients.
3
Rs. 12,235-7-2.
Value of stores received from manufacturing depart-
ment less cost of raw materials.
4
Rs. 6,735-3-5.
Book receipts, i.e., the total of expenditure entered in
columns 19, 20, and 21.
5
Rs. 6,389-4-9.*
Miscellaneous receipts.
6
Rs. 6,811-3-8.
Total.
7
Rs. 73,703-10-10.
CHARGES.
Establishment.
Establishment proper.
8
Rs. 10,498-12-7.
Superintendence.
9
Rs. 2,766-2-0.
Diet.
10
Rs. 19,098-15-8.
Clothing and bedding.
11
Rs. 1,256-11-7.
Bazaar medicines.
12
Rs. 206-4-6.
Contingencies.
Contingencies proper.
13
Rs. 7,705-9-6.
Repairs and maintenance.
14
......
Rates and taxes.
15
......
Remitted to treasury on account of paying patients,
16
Rs. 19,046-10-10.
Miscellaneous items.
17
......
Total of columns 8 to 17.
18
Rs. 60,579-2-8.
Book charges.
Charges on account of work done by Pub-
lic Works Department.
19
Rs. 5,852-0-0.
Cost of printed forms and stationery.
20
......
Cost of English medicines and stores.
21
Rs. 7,272-8-2.†
Total of columns 18 to 21.
22
Rs. 73,703-10-10.
Remarks.
23
* Excluding value of stores received from manufacturing department already credited in column 4.
† Includes Rs. 160 for warders' suits and Rs. 6,735-3-5 value of manufactured articles made over to asylum for use.
APPENDICES.
xix.
STATEMENT No. X.—Showing the sanctioned Establishment of the Rangoon Lunatic
Asylum as it stood on the 31st December 1898.
Particulars of establishment.
Superintendent
...
...
...
...
Deputy Superintendent ... ... ...
Hospital Assistant ... ... ... ...
Overseer
... ... ... ...
Sub-Overseer
...
...
...
...
Chief Warder ... ... ... ...
Head Warder ... ... ... ...
Cow-keeper
...
...
... ...
Gardener
... ... ... ...
Barber
...
...
...
...
Warders (34) ... ... ...
Sweepers
...
...
...
...
Number.
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One ... ...
One
...
...
One
...
...
One
...
...
One ... ...
One
...
...
One ... ...
Six at Rs. 16 each ...
Thirteen at Rs. 14 each* ...
Fifteen at Rs. 12 each ...
Two at Rs. 13 each ...
Total ...
Daily average number of males
...
...
...
...
Daily average number of females ...
...
...
...
Proportion of overseers to males
...
...
...
...
Proportion of overseers to females
...
...
... ...
Proportion of male keepers to males ...
...
...
...
Proportion of female keepers to females
...
...
... ...
Monthly wages.
Rs.
250
165
50
60
50
25
20
15
25
12
96
182
180
26
1,156
301.35
42.68
150.67
...
9.72
14.23
* Three of this number are female warders.
xx.
APPENDICES.
STATEMENT No. XI.—Showing receipts and expenditure on account of manufactures in the Rangoon Lanatic Asylum during the year 1898.
1
Name of asylum.
Rangoon Lunatic Asylum.
2
MEAN POPULATION.
Males.
301.35.
Females.
42.68.
Total.
344.03
3
4
5
6
7
8
CREDITS.
Cash paid into the treasury during
the year for articles sold.
Rs. 6,811-3-8.
Value of manufactured goods made
over to the asylum for asylum pur-
poses.
Rs. 6,895.3-5.*
Value of raw materials in store at the
end of the year.
Rs. 7-5-6.
Value of manufactured goods in store
at the end of the year.
Rs. 58-13-0.
Value of plant and machinery in store
at the end of the year.
Rs. 4,045-0-9.
Total credits.
Rs. 17,817-10-4.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
DEBITS.
Value of manufactured goods in store
on 1st January 1898.
Rs. 386-6-0.
Value of raw materials in store on 1st
January 1898.
.....
Value of plant and machinery in store
on 1st January 1898.
Rs. 2,397-10-0.
Raw materials purchased.
Rs. 4,739-4-3.
Contingencies of manufacture.
Rs. 354-0-0.†
All other charges.
......
Total debits.
Rs. 7,877-4-3.
16
17
RESULTS.
Excess of credits or profit.
Rs. 9,939-6-1.
Excess of debits or loss.
.....
18
Remarks.
The approximate daily average number of
lunatics employed on manufactures was
107.
* Includes milk, vegetables, &c.
† Paid to lunatics as rewards for work.
APPENDICES.
xxi.
Abstract of Cash Account.
Name of asylum.
Rangoon Lunatic Asylum.
ESTABLISHMENT.
Total cost.
Rs. 13,264-14-7.
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 38-8-11.
DIET.
Total cost.
Rs. 19,098-15-8.
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 55-8-4.
CLOTHING AND BED-
----.
Total cost.
Rs. 1,416-11-7.*
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 4-1-11.
MEDICINES.
Total cost.
Rs. 583-9-3.†
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 1-11-2.
CONTINGENCIES.
Total cost.
Rs. 7,705-9-6.
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 22-6-5.
GRAND TOTAL.
Total cost.
Rs. 42,069-12-7.
Cost per head of average
strength.
Rs. 122-4-9.
* Includes Rs. 160, value of warders' suits.
† Includes Rs. 377-4-9, value of English medicines adjusted by book transfer.
G. B. C. P. O.—No. 7390, B. S., 12-5-99—235.
f
REPORT
ON
THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1898.
RANGOON:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA.
1899.
[ Price,—Re. 0-12-0.]
REPORT
ON
THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1899.
RANGOON:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT
PRINTING, BURMA.
1900.
[Price,—Re. 0-12-0= 1S-1 ½ d.]
REPORT
ON
THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1899.
RANGOON:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA.
1900.
RESOLUTION
ON THE
REPORT ON THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1899.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma,—No. 9K.-6, dated the 15th May 1900.
READ—
Letter No. 2486-1R.—6, dated the 6th March 1900, from Colonel C. C. LITTLE, M.D., I.M.S.,
Inspector-General of Jails with Civil Medical Administration, Burma, to the Secretary to
the Government of Burma.
RESOLUTION.—The report of the Rangoon Lunatic Asylum for 1899 has
been very fully dealt with by the Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals and the
Lieutenant-Governor is much obliged to Colonel Little for his careful review.
The Lunatic Asylum was in the charge of Major Bell for nine months of the
year under report, and for the remaining three months the office of Superin-
tendent was held by Major Sellick. Mr. Donaldson was Deputy Superintendent
until October, when Dr. Paul was appointed to that post, as it was thought de-
sirable to employ a professional man. The change has not been beneficial to the
Asylum and fresh arrangements will again have to be made. The Asylum has
been unfortunate in its superior subordinate staff, as the sub-overseer is also re-
ported to have proved unfit for his post. An important feature in the history of
the Asylum during the year was the reorganization of the subordinate establish-
ment. A matron was appointed to take charge of the female enclosure, while
the staff of. warders was divided into a day establishment and a night establish-
ment, and five male warders and three female warders were added. The result
of the revision has been to provide a larger and more efficient staff at an increased
cost of Rs. 2,142 per annum.
Accommodation and population.
2. The number at the Asylum increased from 345 at the close of 1898 to
462, the daily average population rising from 344.03
to 360.23. Criminal lunatics including those under
confinement at the beginning of the year numbered 199 or 43.07 per cent. of the
462 lunatics dealt with as compared with 196 or 45.58 per cent. in 1898. On the
31st December there were 42 female inmates, while the accommodation is for 30
only. At one time there were 52 female members in the Asylum. The new cot-
tage, which is to hold 12 more lunatics, is not yet completed ; it is not understood
why there has been so much delay in carrying out this pressing work. Meanwhile
the objectionable practice of confining some of the older female lunatics in the
male cells at night has been continued.
Admissions and discharges.
3. There were 117 admissions and 67 discharges and 30 deaths ; last year the
number of admissions was only 88. Of the 67 dis-
charges eight were civil lunatics transferred to the
Madras Asylum. There were four escapes; in two cases the lunatics have not yet
been recaptured.
2
RESOLUTION ON THE REPORT ON THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM FOR THE YEAR 1899.
Health.
4. The number of admissions to hospital was 20 less than in the previous
year and the percentage of deaths to the daily
average strength sank from 12 in 1898 to 8 in 1899.
The general health of the inmates appears to have been good. The Lieutenant-
Governor has read with satisfaction of the continued success which has attended
the efforts to provide occupation and amusement for the lunatics. It is, however,
to be regretted that no suitable extramural employment has yet been found for
them. The increase in the number of admissions under the head of mania is at-
tributed by the Superintendent to a stricter classification of diseases.
Causes and types of insanity.
5. The Superintendent has made some interesting remarks upon the types of
insanity met with in the Asylum, the commonest
being mania and melancholia. It is, however, to be
regretted that information concerning the causes of insanity is still scanty. In 201
cases out of the total population of the Asylum during the year the cause is shown
as "known," while in 261 cases it is returned as " unknown." Out of 117 ad-
missions during the year the cause of insanity was only ascertained in 57 cases.
There has, however, been an improvement in the extent of information available
regarding the criminal lunatics, most of the cases shown as unknown being civil
lunatics.
Industries.
6. There has been a falling off in the profits from manufactures compared
with 1898, but the figures for the latter year repre-
sented too high a valuation of the plant in stock,
which has now been written down by 15 per cent. The value of the manufac-
tured goods shown in Statement XI as having been sold or left in stock in 1899
was Rs. 12,787-11-8, while in 1898 the value was Rs. 13,765-4-1. These figures,
however, include the value of the milk and vegetables consumed by the inmates
of the Asylum. The profit for 1899 amounted to Rs. 7,784-10-4. The net pro-
fit on the dairy shows a decrease from Rs. 2,572 to Rs. 1,755, which is explained
by the Superintendent as being due to the failure of a contractor to supply milk
for sale to the outside public.
Cost of maintenance.
7. The cost of dieting per head was only Rs. 45-6-9 as compared with Rs.
55-8-4 in the previous year, while the total cost per
head decreased from Rs. 122-4-9 to Rs. 106-15-7.
The total cost of dieting has fallen from Rs. 19,099 in 1898 to Rs. 16,351 in 1899.
In view of the fact that the population of the Asylum was uniformly higher dur-
ing the latter year, some explanation of these figures should have been given.
The total expenditure for the year shows a satisfactory decrease.
Accounts.
8. The accounts of the Asylum were audited during the year, but the
auditor's note had not been disposed of at the time
of writing the report. The explanation for the delay
is unsatisfactory. The Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals should satisfy himself
that the audit-note is being properly attended to and that any irregularities point-
ed out by the auditor are being rectified.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Burma,
R. E. V. ARBUTHNOT,
Offg. Secy. to the Govt. of Burma.
(
2
)
furnish the largest number of admissions. In 36 cases the occupation was not
ascertained.
8. Statement No. V—treats of the ages of the insanes admitted during
the year. Of the total admissions 6 were 20 years of age, 84 (males 70, females
14) between 20 and 40 years, 22 (males 19, females 3) between 40 and 60, and
5 (males 3, females 2) upwards of 60 years.
9. Statement No. VI—sets forth the various types of insanity of the luna-
tics admitted during the year in accordance with prescribed classification as
abstracted below:
Idiocy ... ... ...
Mania ... ... ...
Melancholia ... ...
Dementia ... ...
Mental stupor ... ...
General paralysis of the insane
Delusional insanity... ...
Declared to have recovered or
not yet diagnosed.
Remained.
3
160
107
27
...
1
3
44
Admitted.
1
75
16
13
...
...
7
5
Total.
4
235
123
40
...
1
10
49
Recovered.
1
16
4
...
...
...
3
...
Improved.
...
24
13
4
...
...
2
...
Died.
...
21
2
7
...
...
...
...
Remain-
ing.
3
174
104
29
...
1
5
49
The commonest types of insanity met with are mania and melancholia.
General paralysis of the insane provides but one case. This, however, is a dis-
ease more associated with higher civilisation and mental strain to which, as the
Superintendent observes, the rural Burman is not exposed, and in towns competi-
tion and the struggle for existence is not so keen as in western cities.
10. Statement No. VII—shows the alleged causes of insanity among the
lunatics. Out of 117 admissions during the year a cause of insanity was assigned
to 57 only or 49 per cent. of admissions. Although every case where the cause
of insanity was unknown was referred back for further information, and consider-
able pains taken to ascertain the previous history and habits of the patients, yet
in most instances failure was the result.
Of the 117 admissions 29 are attributed to physical causes, 28 to moral
causes, and in 60 cases the causes are said to be unknown. The physical causes
are reproduced below : —
Ganja-smoking
...
...
...
...
...
...
Spirit-drinking ... ... ... ... ... ...
Other intoxicants ... ... ... ... ...
Fever
...
...
...
...
...
...
Heredity
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other causes
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
6
1
10
4
6
29
11. Statement No. VIII—exhibits the sickness and mortality of the Luna-
tic Asylum during the year. The figures returned for the year under review are
contrasted below with those for the previous year.
Remained
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Admitted ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Cured
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Discharged otherwise ... ... ... ... ... ...
Died ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Remaining ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1898.
18
173
131
8
42
10
1899.
10
153
121
2
30
11
The chief causes of admission were mania 20, influenza 15, abscess 15,
debility 13, malarial fever 11, and diarrhœa 10.
There were in all 30 deaths as compared with 41 in the previous year and 36
in 1897.
( 3 )
The ratios of deaths to the daily average strength and of deaths to admis-
sions are contrasted below with the figures for the previous two years.
Ratio of deaths to average strength ... ... ... ...
Ratio of deaths to admissions ... ... ... ...
1897.
10.8
25.9
1898.
11.9
24.3
1899.
8.3
19.6
It will be seen that there was a diminution in the sickness and mortality as
compared with the previous years.
The causes of death were—
Mania ... ... ... ... ... ...
Pneumonia ... ... ... ... ...
Diarrhœa ... ... ... ... ... ...
Dysentery...
...
...
...
...
...
Debility ... ... ... ... ... ...
Meningitis... ... ... ... ... ...
Tubercle ... ... ... ... ... ...
Beri-beri
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ague ... ... ... ... ... ...
Apoplexy ... ... ... ... ... ...
Hemiplegia ... ... ... ... ...
Epilepsy ... ... ... ... ... ...
Bronchitis... ... ... ... ... ...
Ulceration of intestines ... ... ... ...
Prolapse of uterus and rectum ... ... ... ...
Inflammation of connective tissues ... ... ...
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Of the 30 patients who died, the health of 21 was classified as bad, poor, or
indifferent on admission.
12. Statement No. IX—is the cash account of the Asylum for the year
from which the following abstract is compiled, showing the income and expendi-
ture for two years:—
Income.
Received from Treasury ... ... ... ...
Received from paying patients ... ... ... ...
Total ... ... ... ... ...
Received from Manufacturing Department, less cost of raw materials...
Received from Public Works Department and Medical Stores Depôt ...
Miscellaneous receipts ... ... ... ... ...
GRAND TOTAL
Expenditure.
Establishment proper ... ... ... ... ...
Superintendence ... ... ... ... ...
Diet ... ... ... ... ...
Clothing and bedding ... ... ... ... ...
Bazaar medicines ... ... ... ... ...
Contingencies proper ... ... ... ...
Public Works ... ... ... ... ...
English medicines and stores ... ... ... ...
Total ...
1898.
Rs.
22,485
12,235
34,721
6,735
6,389
6,811
54,657
10,498
2,766
19,098
1,256
206
7,705
5,852
7,272
54,657
A.
13
7
4
3
4
3
0
12
2
15
11
4
9
0
8
0
P.
0
2
2
5
9
8
0
7
0
8
7
6
6
0
2
0
1899.
Rs.
22,437
10,278
32,715
7,239
2,632
4,985
47,572
11,206
3,233
16,351
379
160
6,368
2,509
7,361
47,572
A.
9
1
10
4
3
3
5
0
13
14
13
11
9
15
8
5
P.
1
8
9
I
4
6
8
3
11
1
0
5
7
3
2
8
The total expenditure is Rs. 7,084-10-4 less than that of the previous year.
There is a decrease of Rs. 1,957-5-6 in the receipts from paying patients.
This is probably attributable to amounts outstanding at the close of the year under
review. Use was evidently made in the Asylum of Asylum made articles to a
greater extent during 1899 than in the previous year. The receipts under this
head have increased by Rs. 504-0-8. The book account with the Public Works
Department and the Medical Stores Depôt shows a decrease owing to no very ex-
pensive structural work being done and to a smaller purchase of European medi-
cines. The falling off in the amounts under Miscellaneous Receipts is perhaps
( 5 )
broken away after having been an inmate of the Asylum for eighteen years is
curious.
20. Notice of Officials.—Assistant Surgeon J. R. Paul held the post of
Deputy Superintendent on probation for six months. He has not been well re-
ported upon at the close of this probationary period. This report will form the
subject of a special reference.
Third grade Hospital Assistant No. 142, Maung Kyaw Lun, performed his
duties satisfactorily, and is reported as having proved himself diligent and hard-
working.
21. The report of the Superintendent was circulated and was seen by all
members of the Asylum Committee except two, the Principal Medical Officer,
Rangoon District and Southern Shan States Command, and the Inspector-Gen-
eral of Police, who were absent from headquarters. No remarks were recorded.
2
REPORT
ON
THE RANGOON LUNATIC ASYLUM
For the year 1899.
Introductory Remarks.—The management of the Asylum has been the same
as in previous years. It is governed by a Committee of officials who meet once a
month at the Asylum and whose proceedings are duly recorded. No important
changes have been introduced in the ordinary routine work of the Asylum. Mr.
Donaldson acted as Deputy Superintendent till 31st August 1899, when Mr. Paul
was appointed in his place and has continued to act in this post till the end of
the year.
The number of deaths in the Asylum number 30 ; this is lower than the two
previous years.
2. Situation, Buildings, and Accommodation.—The Asylum is situated on
high and well-drained ground in close proximity to the Cantonment.
During the past year a new mortuary has been constructed and the small doors
of the cells used for passing out night-soil buckets have been filled in with iron grat-
ings. This was found necessary as during the past year two escapes occurred by
patients obtaining exit from their cells through these small doors.
With the above
exceptions no work of any importance has been executed in the Asylum buildings.
As referred to in last year's report the accommodation for females has been unsatis-
factory, and in order to avoid overcrowding it has been the practice to place some
of the older females in cells in the male portion of the Asylum during the night.
To obviate this objectionable necessity an additional cottage to hold 12 females
has been recommended and is now under course of construction, but even with this
enlargement of accommodation there will still be some overcrowding, since the
number of females under treatment has risen from 42 in 1898 to 52 in 1899, and the
question of providing further accommodation for females will have to be consider-
ed. The following statement shows the accommodation available at the close of
the year and the strength of the various classes of the Asylum population :—
Statement of the accommodation available and the strength of the various classes of the
Asylum population.
Accommodation ... ... ...
Population ... ... ... ...
Criminal
males.
154
163
Civil males.
220
150
Females of
both classes.
30
52
Total.
404
365