NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
35
operated on one thousand three hundred and thirty-eight (1,338) in-
dividuals only, and hence the average payment is raised to Rupees
ten, annas twelve, and pie one (10-12-1) per hundred. The rate per
cent. of successful cases to total number vaccinated was in 1856 91.0,
and in 1857 89.0. In 1856 there were twenty thousand six hundred
and eighty-eight (20,688) males and fifteen thousand and forty-three
(15,043) females vaccinated, in the proportion of about five (5) of
the former to three and a half (3½) of the latter sex. In 1857 the
number of males was sixteen thousand and eleven (16,011), and of
females twelve thousand two hundred and twenty-seven (12,227)j
in the proportion of four (4) of the former to three (3) of the latter sex.
With respect to "caste," Hindoos in both years predominated.
In
1856 about 60 per cent. of the total number, and in 1857 about 70 per
cent. In 1857 there were about seven thousand (7000) more vaccinations
performed above, than under, one year of age.
25. The several stations in the Appendix are arranged according to
Superintending Surgeons' Divisions, and in that order they will be now
examined.
UNDER THE SUPERINTENDING SURGEON PRESIDENCY DIVISION
AND INDIAN NAVY.
Tanna.—Assistant
Surgeon A. V. Ward.—One (1) Vaccinator on
Rupees nine (9) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
TANNA.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
....
CASTE..
AGE ....
RESULT.
Males ........
Females ......
Hindoos ......
Mussalmans ..
Christians....
Parsees ......
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful ....
Unsuccessful..
Doubtful ....
Percentage of Success....
1853.
57
29
28
30
4
7
15
1
..
..
30
6
21
25.6
1854.
191
127
64
147
7
17
17
3
..
..
120
39
32
62.8
1855.
278
150
128
198
51
18
11
..
..
..
206
60
12
74.1
1856.
390
203
187
228
53
95
7
7
..
..
370
18
2
94.8
1857.
254
137
117
177
29
30
8
10
60
194
240
14
..
94.8
Average.
234
129
105
156
29
33
12
4
..
..
193
27
14
75.8
1856.—The Civil Surgeon (Mr. Ward) writes:—
" It is gratifying to observe that the efforts made to spread the benefits of vaccination in
the town of Tanna during the year 1856 have been attended with some slight success. Three
37
Alibaugh.—Mr.
Senior Apothecary Hearn.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
ALIBAUGH.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
....
CASTE..
AGE....
RESULT.
Males
........
Females ......
Hindoos ....
Mussalmans ..
Christians ....
Parsees ......
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful....
Unsuccessful..
Doubtful
....
Percentage of Success....
1853.
112
64
48
89
10
4
..
9
..
..
84
11
17
75.0
1854.
34
19
15
23
3
3
1
4
..
..
25
8
1
73.5
1855.
5
2
3
..
5
..
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
100.0
1856.
45
24
21
15
..
3
..
27
..
..
42
3
..
93.3
1857.
69
33
36
43
7
1
..
18
23
46
55
5
9
79.7
Average.
53
28
25
34
5
2
..
12
..
..
42
5
6
84.3
1856.—Mr. Hearn reports :—
"Forty-five (45) children have been vaccinated during the year ending 30th December 1856 :
three (3) failed, and did not again present themselves for revaccination, one (1) was revacci¬
nated with success that had failed previously."
1857.—There were sixty-nine (69) vaccinations performed, of which
fifty-five (55) were reported to be successful, five (5) were unsuccessful,
and nine (9) doubtful. Mr. Hearn states :—" The children of the police
have been generally allowed to receive vaccination."
Bandora Dispensary.—Sub-Assistant
Surgeon M. Misquitta.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
BANDORA.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
....
CASTE ..
AGE ....
RESULT.
Males ......
Females ....
Hindoos ....
Mussalmans..
Christians....
Parsees ......
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful....
Unsuccessful..
Doubtful
....
Percentage of Success ....
1853.
5
4
1
1
..
2
2
..
..
..
2
..
3
40.0
1854.
35
27
8
24
2
7
2
..
..
..
30
..
5
85.7
1855.
41
24
17
15
1
24
1
..
..
..
28
..
13
68.2
1856.
309
150
159
29
8
237
4
31
..
..
272
9
28
88.0
1857.
76
51
25
20
1
47
3
5
42
34
70
3
3
92.1
Average.
93
51
42
18
2
63
3
7
..
..
80
2
11
74.8
38
1856.—The Sub-Assistant Surgeon reports:—"That the number of
children vaccinated this year is three hundred and nine (309), from which
it would appear that vaccination is making good progress." He then
enters into some particulars of the difficulties he has to contend with,
arising from the ignorance and prejudice of the people—both Christians
and Hindoos. Nevertheless he devoted three days in each week for
vaccination at different stations : one day at the Dispensary, another in
the centre of the village, and a third at a village three miles off. He
mentions that endeavours to prosecute vaccination are met by evasion
on the part of parents who, when Small-pox is prevalent, say that "it
is too late to vaccinate, or that it becomes a matter of danger," and that
when Small-pox is absent, they object to have their children unneces-
sarily pained.
1857.—Mr. Misquitta states—"The number vaccinated during the
year has fallen to seventy-six (76), owing to the prevalence of Measles
and absence of Small-pox." Of these seventy-six (76) seventy (70)
appear to have been successfuly vaccinated.
UNDER THE SUPERINTENDING SURGEON POONA DIVISION.
Poona.—Assistant Surgeon J. Keith, M.D.—One (1) Vaccinator on
Rupees eighteen (18) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
POONA.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
....
CASTE..
AGE ....
RESULT.
Male ........
Female ......
Hindoos ....
Mussalmans ..
Christians ....
Parsees ......
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful....
Unsuccessful..
Doubtful ....
Percentage of Success ....
1853.
1,166
646
520
916
139
104
..
7
..
..
894
94
178
76.6
1854.
1,438
820
618
1,109
167
143
9
10
..
..
1,182
67
189
82.2
1855.
1,594
890
704
1,328
121
131
13
1
..
..
1,307
62
225
82.0
1856.
1,681
950
731
1,373
155
136
16
1
..
..
1,435
49
197
85.3
1857.
1,692
992
700
1,305
145
222
18
2
529
1,163
1,424
70
198
84.1
Average.
1,514
859
655
1,206
146
147
11
4
..
..
1,249
68
197
82.0
1856.—The Civil Surgeon reports that—
" During the year 1856, the total number of persons vaccinated has been one thousand six
hundred and eighty-one (1,681), of whom one thousand four hundred and thirty-five (1,435)
were successful. The lymph during the year has been good; supplies have been sent to
several stations, and in all found, I believe, to' be very successful. During the past year I
have met with only two (2) cases of Small-pox in a male and female Christian adults,
which were treated in the Civil Hospital."
39
1857.—In the Report of this year Dr. Keith states :—
"The total number of vaccinations for 1857 amounts to one thousand six hundred and
ninety-two (1,692): of these one thousand four hundred and twenty-four (1,424) were
successful, seventy (70) unsuccessful, and one hundred ninety-eight (198) doubtful. The
difference from last year is an increase of eleven (11) of the total number of vaccinations,
but a decrease of eleven (11) in those successfully vaccinated. In the sexes for 1856, the
percentage of success is the same in each, namely 85.3 per cent. In last year the percentage
of success in males is 84.6, and in females 83.4. The lymph and vesicles have been invaria-
bly good during the year, A few cases of Small-pox occurred in the city at the beginning of
the year. Inoculation is not in use at this station, but many castes entertain the superstitious
notion that their children should be vaccinated on certain lucky days, and in this way
obstruction is frequently occasioned."
Ahmednuggur.—Assistant
Surgeon J. G. Fraser.—One (1) Vaccina-
tor on Rupees nine (9) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average:—
AHMEDNUGGUR.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX ....
CASTE..
AGE....
RESULT.
Males .......
Females ......
Hindoos ......
Mussalmans ..
Christians ....
Parsees ......
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful ...
Unsuccesful ..
Doubtful ....
Percentage of Success ....
1853.
287
168
119
204
46
24
..
13
..
..
237
40
10
82.5
1854.
830
476
354
615
167
45
..
3
..
..
750
59
21
90.3
1855.
947
554
393
754
168
24
1
..
..
..
913
16
18
96.4
1856.
1,052
616
436
832
188
32
..
..
..
..
1,033
3
16
98.0
1857.
1,112
661
451
917
166
28
1
..
93
1,019
1,093
5
14
98.2
Average.
846
495
351
665
147
31
..
3
..
..
805
25
16
93.1
1856.—It is stated by the Civil Surgeon that—
"During the year 1856 vaccination has been carried on, as usual, by the Assistant Vaccina-
tor attached to the Civil Hospital. Great reluctance has had to be contended against, in many
instances, but the result of last year, as compared with former years, has been on the whole
satisfactory, showing a considerable increase in the numbers vaccinated. Very few cases of
Small-pox have occurred during the past year. The lymph used for vaccination has been
very good, and in very few cases has it failed to produce a pustule. The Assistant
Vaccinator has been most assiduous and persevering in his duties throughout the past year."
1857.—Dr. Fraser states :—
" The numbers vaccinated during the past two years have been as follows: in 1856,—
one thousand and fifty-two (1,052); in 1857,—one thousand one hundred and twelve (1,112)
—showing an excess of fifty (50) vaccinations for the year 1857 over that of the previous year
1856. It is of importance to remark that the number of unsuccessful cases has been consi-
derably less during the past two years than at a former period.
" In addition to the vaccinations that have been carried on by the Station Vaccinator among
40
the inhabitants of the city and through the station of Ahmednuggur, vaccination has also
been performed by the Hospital Establishments of the Civil Jail and Police Hospitals, at the
Civil Dispensary, and at the Branch Dispensary of the Police Hospital.
" The following table shows the result of last year's vaccination by the different Establish-
ments under the Civil Surgeon:—
By the Station Vaccinator ....................................
By the Hospital Establishments of the Civil Jail and Police Hospitals.
At the Civil Dispensary ......................................
At the Branch Disensary ....................................
Total No. of Vaccinations....
749
17
319
27
1,112
"Out of one thousand one hundred and twelve (1,112) vaccinations there have been six
hundred and sixty-one (661) males vaccinated, and four hundred and fifty-one (451) females:
of whom nine hundred and seventeen (917) were Hindoos, one hundred and sixty-six (166)
Mussulmans, one (1) Parsee, and twenty-eight (28) Christians; ninety-three (93) were under
one (1) year, and one thousand and nineteen (1,019) were above one (1) year of age; and the
result has been one thousand and ninety-three (1,093) of successful cases, five (5) unsuccess-
ful, and fourteen (14) doubtful; the percentage of successful cases has been 0.98. The
lymph used has in general proved good and effectual, and the vesicles have almost invariably
presented a healthy appearance. No Small-pox has been prevalent at Ahmednuggur during¬
the past year, and it has not come within my knowledge that inoculation or any other
obstruction to the spread of vaccination exists at this station.
The Assistant Vaccinator has been most attentive to his duty during the past year, and his ser-
vices have been made available for carrying on vaccination in the Camp and Military Bazar, both
of the Artillery and Native Infantry Hospitals, as well as in the Native city and suburbs. The num-
bers vaccinated by him within the limits of the Military Camp are not included in this Report.
Sattara.—Assistant Surgeon C. Wiehe, M.D.—One (1) Vaccinator
on Rupees eighteen (18) per mensem.
Vaccination for five years and average:—
SATTARA.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX ....
CASTE..
AGE....
RESULT.
Males ........
Females ......
Hindoos ......
Mussalmans ..
Christians....
Parsees ......
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful....
Unsuccessful..
Doubtful ....
Percentage of Success ....
1853.
4,848
2,697
2,151
4,622
136
4
..
86
..
..
3,839
237
772
79.1
1854.
3,341
1,907
1,434
3,122
160
12
1
46
..
..
3,078
18
245
92.1
1855.
3,134
1,713
1,421
2,929
106
8
91
..
..
..
2,867
..
267
91.4
1856.
1,661
914
747
1,542
110 5
1
3
..
..
1,467
23
171
88.3
1857.
1,233
648
585
1,140
75
10
1
7
560
673
1,069
29
135
86.6
Average.
2,843
1,576
1,267
2,671
117
8
19
28
..
..
2,464
61
318
87.5
1856.—The Acting Civil Surgeon (Mr. Maitland) makes the follow-
ing report:—
42
1856.—The total number vaccinated during the year 1856 was nine
hundred and eighty-nine (989), of which nine hundred and thirty-one
(931) cases were successful, compared with last year there has been a
decrease of five hundred and twenty-one (521).
The Civil Surgeon writes :—
1856.—" The important duty of vaccination is carried on with zeal and ability by the Native
Vaccinator, but as usual great obstruction lies in his path from the prejudices of the Natives.
I trust, however, that the distribution of the papers lately sent to Medical Officers,* may go a
great way in removing the prejudice of the Natives, and that they may learn the benefits
sought to be conferred on them. The lymph is always good and abundant, and at various
times glasses of it have been forwarded to Medical Officers at surrounding stations."
1857.—" During the year 1857 nine hundred and twenty-four (.924) cases have come under
the Vaccinator's notice, (of which one was unsuccessful and fifty-six (56) doubtful, the
parties having left Dhoolia,) being sixty-five (65) fewer than that for the year 1856, and five
hundred and eighty-six (586) less than that for 1855. The percentage of successful cases
has been 93.8, while for 1856 it stood at 94.1: of the eight hundred and sixty-seven
(867) successful operations four hundred and seventy-four (474) were males, and four
hundred and fifty (450) females; seven hundred and ninety-five (795) were of the Hindoo
caste, one hundred and twenty-two (122) Mussulmans, six (6) Christians, and one (1) Jew.
Regarding the age of the children six hundred and fifty-nine (659) were under one
year, and two hundred and sixty-five (265) above it. The lymph, with few exceptions,
has been good and plentiful; the vesicles have risen well on the third or fourth day,
and although instances have been brought to my notice of refusal to allow the Vaccinator
to take away the matter or crust, yet generally speaking there is very little trouble. I
am glad to be able to report the almost entire absence of Small-pox for the past year,
four (4) cases only having been met with, three (3) of which were of the confluent type,
one of whom died after four days illness. This exemption from disease is no doubt partly
attributable to the cleanliness of the town, the width of the various streets, and the improved
style of buildings now generally adopted. After close observation, pursued ever since my
arrival in Dhoolia, I have not been able to detect the practice of inoculation amongst the
natives ; but if this obstruction does not come in the way of vaccination, the want of the
proper and open recognition of vaccination by the Civil Authorities is very damaging to its
successful progress. There is no doubt a feeling of dislike and distrust to a certain extent in
the minds, of not only the lower and uneducated, but also amongst the higher and better
educated natives. Did this latter body countenance the spread of vaccination, there can be
little doubt that the whole of the lower classes would follow their example.
* This refers to Dr. Broughton's papers to be noticed hereafter.
43
Nassick.—Surgeon S. M. Pelly, afterwards Sub-Assistant Surgeons
Shamrao Narayen, and R. Spencer.—One (1) Vaccinator at Rupees
nine (9) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
NASSICK.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
. . . .
CASTE . . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT . .
Males . . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes . .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . . . .
1853.
452
224
228
433
14
5
..
..
..
..
253
131
68
55.9
1854.
1,255
607
648
1,193
45
17
..
..
..
..
966
46
243
76.9
1855.
1,390
822
568
1,347
37
6
..
..
..
..
1,091
33
266
78.4
1856.
1,461
795
666
1,408
46
7
..
..
..
..
1,602
72
327
72.6
1857.
1,432
759
673
1,279
42
3
..
108
899
533
1,015
60
357
70.8
Average.
1,198
641
557
1,133
36
8
..
21
..
..
878
68
252
70.9
1856.—The late Civil Surgeon (Mr. Pelly) states :—
" Vaccination has been carried on during the year 1856 by the Assistant Vaccinator under
my immediate supervision. The number vaccinated during the year being one thousand
four hundred and sixty-one (1,461).
" The Vaccinator and Hospital Assistants have done their utmost, I believe, to vaccinate
as many as possible, but the prejudices against the operation are still very strong. The
lymph has been, with the exception of a short period during the rains, remarkably good, and
a supply has been constantly kept up."
1857.—The total number vaccinated was one thousand four hundred
and thirty-two (1,432), of which eight hundred and sixty-seven (867)
were reported to be successful, i. e. about 70.8 per cent.
44
Mahableshwur.—Surgeons J. W. Winchester, L.L.D., and G. G.
W. Maitland.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
MAHABLESHWUR.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . .
CASTE . . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT .
Males . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes . .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful..
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . . .
1853.
35
19
16
23
10
1
..
1
..
..
16
19
..
45.7
1854.
175
114
61
154
12
9
..
..
..
..
143
10
22
81.7
1855.
66
35
31
40
7
18
1
..
..
..
59
4
3
89.4
1856.
118
67
51
67
23
27
1
..
..
..
78
30
10
66.1
1857.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Average.
79
47
32
57
10
11
..
..
..
59
11
9
56.6
The Superintendent, Dr. Winchester, states:—
" During the year 1856 every attention has been directed towards the extension of vaccina-
tion in this district. The stock has been allowed to die out twice in consequence of no chil-
dren being procurable in or around Malcolm Peit to operate on. The vaccine matter was
obtained from Sattara and Poona, and from both the vesicles were very perfect, especially
from that obtained at Poona. Small-pox is a very uncommon disease on the table-land of
Mahableshwur, and it was therefore considered unusual when this epidemic appeared in the
village of Mahableshwur during the monsoon. Twenty children, whose ages varied from
four to twelve, were attacked—four with confluent, sixteen with modified Small-pox. The
disease was propagated by a boy of twelve years of age, who had come from Petishwar
near Sattara, where his brother had died of Small-pox. All recovered, save one child.
A similar out-break of Small-pox has not been known in this district for thirty years,
during which period, as far as I can ascertain, the disease has now and then shown itself, but
never in a fatal shape. In December there was only one child remaining to be vaccinated
in the village of Mahableshwur, which contains upwards of eighty houses.
1857.—No vaccination reported.
The Acting Superintending Surgeon Poona Division (Dr. Morehead)
reports,—under date 13th March 1858*—on vaccination in 1857 under
Superintendents and Civil Surgeon, generally in his Division. Of the
latter he states :—
" The total vaccinations under the Civil Surgeons in 1856 amounted to six thousand nine
hundred and sixty-two (6,962), those of 1857 to six thousand three hundred and ninety-three
(6,393), showing a decrease in the last year of five hundred and sixty-nine (569). A reference
to the Return† will show that the decrease has been general, with exception of the stations of
Poona and Ahmednuggur, in which there has been an increase of eleven (11) and sixty (60)
* Before 1857 Superintending Surgeons did not report on the state and progress of vaccination in
their Divisions as a special subject.
† Table 2 for 1857 Appendix.
46
UNDER THE SUPERINTENDING SURGEON NORTHERN DIVISION.
Ahmedabad—Assistant
Surgeon D. Wyllie, M.D.—One (1) Vacci-
nator on Rupes twenty-four (24) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
AHMEDABAD.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . . .
CASTE . . . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT.
Males . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes. .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful..
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . . .
1853.
3,004
1,793
1,211
2,647
332
18
7
..
..
..
2,424
362
218
80.6
1854.
3,117
1,704
1,413
2,839
252
20
3
3
..
..
2,695
253
169
86.4
1855.
3,208
1,636
1,572
2,781
413
12
2
..
..
..
2,935
171
102
91.4
1856.
2,712
1,463
1,249
2,353
335
21
3
..
..
..
2,502
123
87
92.2
1857.
2,782
1,451
1,331
2,353
418
7
4
..
1,292
1,490
2,607
89
86
93.7
Average.
2,965
1,609
1,356
2,594
350
16
4
1
..
..
2,633
200
132
88.9
1856.—The Superintending Surgeon states :—
"Vaccination is much encouraged in the city by Dr. Wyllie, and practised extensively by
the Assistant Vaccinator attached to the Civil Hospital."
The total number vaccinated was two thousand seven hundred and
twelve (2,712), of which only two hundred ten (210) failed ; compared
with the preceding year there is a diminution of four hundred ninety-
six (496) of the total vaccinated.
1857.—The Civil Surgeon makes the following report:—
" Throughout the city of Ahmedabad and the adjacent neighbourhood, the benefits of vac-
cination have been steadily promulgated during each month of the year now under report.
The supply of lymph has always been abundant, and at no time has its application been other-
wise than successful. The total number vaccinated during the year amounted to two thou-
sand seven hundred and eighty-two (2,782), of which eighty-nine (89) cases were unsuccess-
ful, and eighty-six (86) doubtful,—thus showing a favorable contrast with the previous
twelve months, both as regards number and success. The total vaccinated in this
period being two thousand seven hundred and twelve (2,712), of which one hundred and
twenty-three were unsuccessful, and eighty-seven (87) doubtful. That vaccination, as a
prophylactic, is held in high estimation by the inhabitants, is incontestably shown in the will-
ingness with which children are submitted to the operation. When it happens, as it occasion-
ally must do, that the Native Vaccinator has been for some time absent from a particular
district of the city, groups of mothers with their little ones are frequently to be seen waiting
his convenience to have their children vaccinated. The Native Vaccinator is in every respect
a person calculated to ensure the successful application of a remedy against which some preju-
dice will occasionally be found to exist, by the kindness, perseverance, and attention which I
have reason to believe he habitually pursues. It is gratifying to be able to tell that not a
single instance of inoculation for Small-pox is known to have occurred,—a faithful augury
that the occupation of the Tikadar is fast falling into desuetude."