16
country where these occur, than in the higher and drier portions. It is far more
common in the vicinity of the rivers and canals, than it is in the dry portions of the Nardak,
for example
"
On reference a second time to the map, we note that the most striking Surra area in
the south is that bordering on either side of the river Jumna, extending for a varying
distance to the east and west of it respectively. In addition to this tract being subject to
annual inundation during the rainy season, it is water-logged from the river overflow water,
and soakage also takes place on the western side from the Jumna Canal and its branches,
while on the eastern side, the canal (East Jumna) is at fault.
In the Pipli Tahsil of the Umballa District, we found the Markanda River running from
north-east to south-west, and the Sirhind and West Jumna connecting canal crossing it
in the opposite direction. A portion of Patiála State jutting into the Ludhiána District,
which tract is called the ' Rakh', is watered by a branch of the Sirhind Canal.
The Jallundhar and Hoshiarpur districts would not appear to be inundated to the same
extent that many others are; the southern limit of the former, however, is subject to flooding
by the Sutlej, and the north-east and south-east boundaries of the latter are similarly
affected. These tracts are nevertheless reported to be subjected to very severe outbreaks of
Surra.
The information received with regard to Surra in the Sialkote, Gurdaspur, and Amritsar
districts, is as yet limited, but what is known points to the fact that the disease is more
sporadic in character, and the outbreaks more circumscribed.
APPENDIX III.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN EQUINES
DURING HEALTH, AND THE PHASES OF SURRA.
In investigating the experimental treatment of Surra, the opportunity was taken of
working out certain physiological and pathological problems as far as circumstances would
permit. In order to make this enquiry in equines (horses, mules and donkeys), the quantity
and composition of the ingesta and egesta have been ascertained during a period of health —
previous to inoculation,—the incubatory period of the disease, and the paroxysms and
intermissions, until death. The weight of the animals under experiment was ascertained at
frequent intervals.
The following data were recorded, viz.:—
The weight and composition of the Ingesta including corn, hay and green fodder, and
water; also that of the Egesta including dung and urine.
In the case of Horse No. LXXXIX (2nd Series) the dung was weighed and the urine
measured three times during the twenty-four hours (noon to 6 P.M., 6 P.M. to 6 A.M. and
6 A.M. to noon), in other cases once daily. In the urine, the total nitrogen, the urea, hippuric
acid, ammònia and albumen were separately estimated.
A.—UNTREATED CASES OF SURRA.
Horse No. XCII.
Grey country-bred, aged. Height 15 hands. Body weight 755 lbs.
The investigations were carried on for ten days previous to inoculation with Surra.
The incubation period occupied six days; there were five paroxysms occupying 28,
varying in length from one to 10 days each, and four intermissions lasting six days.
The following are the chief points to be noted—
Urine.—The small average quantity of urine passed daily during the whole case, viz.,
1,599 c.c. The average daily quantity in the paroxysms was 1,632 c.c., and during the in-
termissions 1,962 c.c., an increase in the latter period of 330 c.c.
Urea.—The average amount of urea excreted daily during the period of observation
10 days, was only 17.68 grammes, i. e. less than 1/5th of the normal amount stated to be
passed by English cart horses. This amount was slightly increased in the latent period
(23.25 grammes). In the paroxysms the urea rose to an average daily of 61.08 grammes,
whilst in the intermissions it reached 79.89 grammes.
Hippuric Acid.—A normal quantity was excreted during the periods of health, latent
period and paroxysm I. In the intermission following it ceased, and only small quantities
occurred during the rest of the case.
Albumen.—Small quantities appeared in the urine at intervals during the case, the
largest amount 3.456 grammes being present in the fifth and last paroxysm.