32
The maximum daily output during the paroxysms was 8,687 c.c. and the minimum
2,596 c.c.; in the intermissions it was 9,535 and 2,490 c.c. respectively.
Urea.—The daily excretion of urea in health was 91.24 grammes, with a maximum of -
138.21 and a minimum of 54.45 grammes. It decreased in the latent period to 75.62 gram-
mes, and the mean for the paroxysms was only 51.06 grammes, the maximum being 94.91
grammes, and the minimum 34.14 grammes. The mean for the intermissions showed a further
decrease to 49.77 grammes, with a maximum of 81.61, and minimum of 39.92 grammes,
respectively.
We have no statistics as to the normal output of urea in mules weighing about 700 lbs.,
but if the proportion to body weight is the same as for horses, the food and conditions being
similar, a normal daily output would be about 68 grammes. Therefore in this case the
excretion was unusually high for health.
Hippuric Acid.—The period of health extending over 28 days was marked by an
entire absence of hippuric acid from the urine for the first three weeks, but a small
quantity, 1.37 grammes, was excreted daily during the last seven days. After inoculation and
during the latent period, the quantity varied daily, a large amount on one day being
succeeded by an absence for two and three. When the temperature commenced to rise
before the first appearance of the hæmatozoon, the excretion of hippuric acid greatly
increased, 22.5, 30.0 and 23.5 grammes being respectively passed during the three days.
When the fall in temperature took place, the excretion of hippuric acid ceased for 24 hours,
and was only 2 and 3 grammes respectively for the following two days. The mean during
the latent period was 10.15 grammes, this quantity fell to 5.68 grammes in the first
paroxysm, and during the three following periods varied from 2 to 3 grammes only; but
during paroxysm and intermission III, this amount was increased to 7.4 and 9.6 grammes,
respectively. Just at this time the corn ration was refused by the animal, and a slight
increased amount of hay was taken, which together with the rise in temperature on the last
day of the paroxysm may have caused the increase. The disease passed through nine parox-
ysms and eight intermissions, but after a daily average of 1.03 grammes of hippuric
acid during the fourth paroxysm, no more was excreted.
The following were the mean daily averages during the different periods:—Health 1.37,
latent period 10.15, paroxysms 4.01, intermissions 6.23 grammes.
Albumen.—No albumen appeared in the urine until the last two days of the third
paroxysm, when 3.08 grammes were found, and in the succeeding intermission 3.43 grammes.
From this time until the end of the eighth paroxysm there was a daily average of 29.19
grammes. It then fell during the two following periods to 7.19 and 7.73 grammes, after
which there was a complete absence until the second day of paroxysm XI, when a mean
of 2.22 grammes was passed for two days.
Total Solids in Urine.—The mean daily output during 114 days was 193.83 grammes.
The maximum mean daily quantity of the different periods, 273.70 grammes, was passed
during the latent period of the disease, whilst the minimum mean daily quantity, 138.24
grammes, was passed during the intermissions. This consisted chiefly of carbonate of lime
in suspension in the urine, and mucin, urea, hippuric acid, albumen, &c., in solution.
During the course of the disease there was a gradual falling off in the amount of total
solids in the urine, from 273.7 in the latent period to 67.16 in paroxysm XI. The ratio
of the total solids in the different periods was—
Health
Latent Period
Paroxysms
Intermissions
Whole Period
... 1.
... 1.03.
... 0.62.
... 0.92.
... 0.73.
Dung.—The average quantity passed throughout the whole case of 114 days was
15.16 lbs.; the mean daily averages in the different periods were as follows : —
Health
Latent Period
Paroxysms
Intermissions
... 30.36.1bs.
... 23.75 lbs,
... 9.69 lbs.
... 5.56 lbs.
Temperature of the Air and Humidity.—This investigation was carried out during October
1894 to January 1895 inclusive. The maximum and minimum temperatures in the shade
during the whole period were 92.5° F. and 50° F., the means being 86.1° and 58.1° F.,
respectively. The mean humidity taken at 8 A.M. daily during this period was 67, with a
maximum of 97, and a minimum of 44.