NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
47
Kaira.—Assistant
Surgeons R. Bayne, M.D., and G. F. H. Brown.
—One (1) Vaccinator on Rupees nine (9) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average : —
KAIRA.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
. . .
CASTE . . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT .
Males . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . . . .
1853.
400
227
173
346
54
..
..
..
..
..
360
16
24
90.0
1854.
949
500
449
839
109
1
..
..
..
..
894
21
34
94.2
1855.
684
380
304
604
77
2
1
..
..
..
654
12
18
95.1
1856.
843
508
335
733
108
1
1
..
..
..
819
9
22
97.1
1857.
1,448
916
532
802
207
3
..
436
483
965
1,267
177
4
87.5
Average.
865
506
359
665
111
1
1
87
..
..
799
46
20
92.8
1856.—The Civil Surgeon (Dr. Bayne) states:—
" Lymph good and vaccination progressing. There were eight hundred and forty-three
(843) operations performed, and only twenty-four (24) instances of failure, compared with last
year there has been an increase of one hundred and fifty-nine (159) cases."
1857.—The Civil Surgeon (Mr. Brown) reports:—
" The total number vaccinated during the previous year was eight hundred and forty-three
(843), that for the year 1857 was one thousand four hundred and forty-eight (1,448), showing
an increase of six hundred and five. The reason of this great increase appears to be, that the
Station Vaccinator, on account of the death of the Assistant Vaccinator, went round the villages
in the immediate neighbourhood of Kaira, and has included these in his Report. As regards
sex, there has been the greatest number of males vaccinated, and with respect to age, more
above than under one year. The result has shown a percentage of successful cases amounting
to 87.5. The lymph and vesicles are generally healthy. There have been only two or three
cases of Small-pox brought to notice, and nothing going on in any way to obstruct vaccination."
Surat.—Surgeon
R. Dent.—One (1) Vaccinator on Rupees eighteen
(18) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
SURAT.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . .
CASTE . . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT .
Males . . . .
Females . . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . . . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes . . .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful ....
Percentage of Success ....
1853.
1,390
742
648
1,075
292
2
21
..
..
..
1,181
209
,.
85.0
1854.
1,194
648
546
879
284
6
25
..
..
..
1,085
105
4
90.8
1855.
1,070
583
487
819
227
4
20
..
..
..
978
86
6
91.4
1856.
1,175
620
555
862
258
9
46
..
..
..
1,040
124
11
88.5
1857.
1,894
1,012
882
1,335
480
9
64
6
596
1,298
1,647
204
43
86.9
Average.
1,345
721
624
994
309
6
35
1
..
..
1,186
146
13
88.5
48
1856.—The Superintending Surgeon reports that—
" Vaccination is extensively practised by the Assistant Vaccinator attached to the Hospital,
and encouraged by Dr. Dent in Surat and the surrounding districts.
" The total number vaccinated in 1856 was one thousand one hundred and seventy-five (1,175)
being an increase of one hundred and five (105) over the former year: of those vaccinated
about 88.5 were successful."
1857.—The Civil Surgeon (Mr. Dent) reports that:—
" The table shows a much greater amount of work done this than last year. I think the
principal cause for this is increased activity on the part of the Vaccinator. A ratio of
diminution in the degree of success in proportion to increased work, is to be looked for, I
apprehend, but no special causes for the 2 per cent. falling off has been observed.
" The vesicles in such cases as I have seen have been regular in form, but very small, and
the lymph, in many instances, turgid; but it has produced in healthy European children
generally a regular well developed vesicle, and pure lymph; so it is fair to presume the
vaccine quality remains. Attempts to introduce a fresh supply have all failed."
Broach.—Assistant Surgeon J. Glen.—One (1) Vaccinator on Ru-
pees nine (9) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
BROACH.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
. . . . .
CASTE . . .
AGE.
RESULT . .
Males . . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes . .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . . .
1853.
887
546
341
689
167
7
24
..
..
..
773
95
19
87.1
1854.
1,273
798
475
918
321
..
34
..
..
..
1,090
90
93
85.5
1855.
1,534
921
613
1,139
370
..
25
..
..
..
1,412
60
62
92.0
1856.
1,447
911
536
997
423
..
27
..
..
..
1,300
67
80
89.4
1857.
1,535
922
613
1,053
456
2
24
..
807
728
1,372
71
92
89.3
Average.
1,335
819
516
959
347
2
27
..
..
..
1,189
77
69
88.7
1856.—The Acting Civil Surgeon states :—
" One thousand four hundred and forty-seven (1,447) persons have been vaccinated during
1856, being an increase of eighty-seven (87) over last year. This increase may partly be ac-
counted for by a greater number of children being procurable in the earlier months of the year,
as also probably the greater willingness of the people to submit to the process of vaccination.
One troublesome circumstance is occasionally met with: the children after being vaccinated
sometimes absent themselves altogether, in consequence of the parents disliking the lymph
being removed. Parsees and Brahmins have the strongest objections to vaccination, some
from religious motives, and some apparently without being able to furnish any reason
whatever."
1857.—The Civil Surgeon states :—
" During the year 1857, one thousand five hundred and thirty-five (1,535) children
of both sexes have been vaccinated; of these six hundred and thirteen (613) have been
50
Bhooj.—Sub-Assistant
Surgeon Sadasew Hemraj.
Table of Vaccination of five years and average :—
BHOOJ.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
. . . .
CASTE . . .
AGE . . .
RESULT.
Males . . . .
Females . . .
Hindoos . . .
Mussahmans . .
Christians . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes . .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success. . . .
1853.
61
38
23
22
39
..
..
..
..
..
25
35
1
41.0
1854.
218
116
102
95
122
1
..
..
..
..
194
22
2
89.0
1855.
7,345
4,137
3,208
5,227
2,118
..
..
..
..
..
7,046
..
2.99
95.8
1856.
6,186
3,626
2,560
2,951
3,235
..
..
..
..
..
5,830
6
350
94.2
1857.
38
23
15
30
8
..
..
..
5
33
28
5
5
73.8
Average.
2,769
1,588
1,181
1,665
1,104
..
..
..
..
..
2,624
14
131
78.8
1856.—Six thousand one hundred and eighty-six (6,186) vaccinations
were performed, of which about 94 per cent. proved successful, compar-
ed to last year there was a diminution of one thousand one hundred and
fifty-nine (1,159).
Mr. Sub-Assistant Surgeon Sadasow Hemraj makes the following
report:—
" It is to be regretted that much difficulty is experienced in getting subjects for vaccination
in Bhooj, the inhabitants being greatly opposed to it. There is a belief prevalent in Bhooj
that allowing their children to be vaccinated would provoke the goddess who now is supposed
to preside over Small-pox."
" The Native Vaccinators who carried on vaccination in different parts of Kutch returned
to Bhooj, according to the wishes of His Highness the Rao of Kutch, in the beginning of June
last. They were again sent out in the latter part of November last. During this period they
have vaccinated six thousand and forty-six (6,046) persons, being one thousand one hundred
and seven (1,107) less than the last year. This is to be ascribed to the difficulty these
Vaccinators have experienced in some of the villages belonging to the Bhagats of His Highness
the Rao."
1S57.—There were thirty-eight (38) vaccinations performed at the
Dispensary, of which twenty-eight (28) were reported to be successful.
No Returns or reports for 1857 have been received of the work
performed by the Vaccinators employed by His Highness the Rao
of Kutch.
51
Rajkote.—Surgeon
J. R. Miller, M.D., and Assistant
Surgeon
R. G. Lord, M.D.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
RAJKOTE.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . . .
CASTE . . .
AGE.
RESULT . .
Males . . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . .. .
Mussalmans . ..
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes. .
Underone year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . . .
1853.
6,365
3,614
2,751
4,609
1,746
7
3
..
..
..
5,880
245
240
923
1854.
2,503
1,376
1,127
1,940
562
1
..
..
..
..
2,358
43
102
94.2
1855.
2,486
1,363
1,123
1,886
589
10
1
..
..
..
2,313
67
106
93.0
1856.
1,752
935
817
1,331
395
26
..
..
..
..
1,612
57
83
92.0
1857.
524
264
260
433
91
..
..
..
195
329
469
27
28
89.5
Average.
2,726
1,510
1,216
2,040
676
9
1
..
..
..
2,526
88
112
92.2
The falling off of the numbers in 1857 compared with 1856 is
explained by the station of Rajkote being now included in the Kattywar
Circle, with which Returns the number vaccinated since June 1857 are
incorporated.
(See Kattywar Division ante.)
The Superintending Surgeon Northern Division (Mr. White) reports :—
" Western Division.—This Division of vaccination has been divided experimentally : the
largest portion as stated by the Civil Surgeon of Rajkote in his Report,* being the Kattywar
territory, British and Native. I am of opinion that a further period of one year should be
granted to this experimental measure under the very able Superintendent, Dr. Lord.
" Eastern Division.—The decrease of operations and of successful results are attributed by
the Superintendent, Dr. Ross, who has recently assumed charge, to the disturbed state of
the country and the want of inspection of the Vaccinators, want of cordial aid by the Govern-
ment officers, and opposition of the community, and in one instance want of industry of an
Assistant. Small-pox inoculation has much diminished.
" Ahmedabad.—The report of this station is satisfactory, and not a single instance of inocu-
lation for Small-pox is known to have occurred.
" Kaira.—An increase of six hundred and five (605) operations is reported. A few cases
of inoculations for Small-pox have been met with.
" Broach.—An increase of eighty-eight (88) appears. Percentage of successful cases is large.
Small-pox inoculation appears to have ceased. The opposition of Parsees is noticeable. A
peculiar apprehension on the caste-question is shown at the end of the Report.
" Surat.—Increased
zeal of the Vaccinators has obtained satisfactory results as to the
number of operations."
* Page 18 ante.
52
UNDER THE SUPERINTENDING SURGEON SOUTHERN DIVISION.
Belgaum.—Surgeon
T. Waller.—One (1) Vaccinator at Rupees nine
(9) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average:—
BELGAUM.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX
. . . .
CASTE . . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT .
Males . . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes..
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . . .
1853.
7,410
4,403
3,007
6,342
913
155
..
..
..
..
6,708
639
63
90.5
1854.
1,322
707
615
795
421
74
..
32
..
..
1,280
34
8
96.8
1855.
667
373
294
482
63
120
2
..
..
..
617
33
17
92.5
1856.
606
349
257
399
129
78
..
..
..
..
568
22
16
93.7
1857.
527
314
213
430
66
31
..
..
193
334
479
48
..
90.8
Average.
2,106
1,229
877
1,690
318
92
2/5
6
..
..
1,930
155
21
92.8
1856.—The total number vaccinated in 1856 was six hundred and
six (606), being a diminution from the previous year of sixty-one (61).
The Civil Surgeon (Mr. Waller) states :—
" The decrease exhibited arises from the fact of there being but one Vaccinator at pre-
sent attached to the Civil Department instead of four as formerly, i. e. before 1853."
1857.—" During the year 1856 six hundred and six (606) persons were vaccinated in Belgaum,
and in the year 1857 five hundred and twenty-seven (527); the decrease is almost wholly
attributable to the temporary illness of the Assistant Vaccinator. A good deal of apathy, and
in some cases opposition, manifests itself among the people, at times diminishing the number
vaccinated. The greatest number of cases successfully vaccinated is among the youngest
children, who are unable to scratch and thus destroy the vesicles. The percentage of the
successful vaccinations have been 90.8. The lymph and vesicles have generally presented
a normal appearance during the year. The dirty habits of the people, want of ventilation in
their dwelling houses, apathy and indifference to vaccination, and a low state of civilization,
are the principal reasons why Small-pox ever makes its appearance, and as no obligatory
measures are countenanced by Government, the Native Vaccinators have difficulties to
contend with.
"I see no other mode of insuring the effectual spread of vaccination than by making its
reception obligatory on the people."
55
" Those of the male sex who have been operated on have exceeded the number of females
by more than two-fold—one thousand and seventy-three (1,073) of the former, and five hun-
dred and fifteen (515) of the latter, having been vaccinated; and of males those above one
year of age have exceeded those under one year by upwards of five times—one thousand
three hundred and twenty-eight (1,328) of the former and two hundred and sixty (260)
of the latter having submitted themselves for operation ; the percentage of success being 87.3.
The lymph during the past year has been uniformly of good quality, and the vesicles perfect.
Small-pox existed in the town of Sholapore during the hot weather, but not to any great
extent. As far as I can ascertain inoculation is not practised. The principal obstruction
existing to a more extended spread of vaccination is the prejudice of the Native population,
which is observed chiefly amongst the better class, but from my own experience I have reason
to believe that this prejudice is gradually giving way, and that the Natives of each class are
becoming more and more convinced of the advantage derivable from the operation.
" The Vaccinator visits the town of Sholapore twice a week for the purpose of performing
the operation attending each Peit or division of the town in turn. He is attended by two
Peons, who are told off for that duty on the days of vaccination, and who assist in collecting
the subjects for operation. Every assistance is afforded by the Authorities, and I have reason
to be satisfied with the manner in which the Native Vaccinator attached to my department
has performed his duty.
Kolapore.—Assistant
Surgeon F. Broughton.—One (1) Vaccinator at
Rupees eighteen (18) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
KOLAPORE.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . . .
CASTE . .
AGE . . .
RESULT.
Males . . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes. .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . .
Percentage of Success . . . .
1853.
5,683
2,972
2,711
5,378
297
7
..
1
..
.. 4,994
304
385
87.8
1854.
3,548
1,833
1,715
3,454
85
9
..
..
..
.. 3,297
50
201
92.9
1855.
2,438
1,307
1,131
2,350
84
4
..
..
..
.. 2,228
49
161
91.3
1856.
2,820
1,418
1,402
2,778
41
1
..
..
..
.. 2,648
41
131
93.9
1857.
3,197
1,614
1,583
3,124
73
..
..
..
825
2,372
2,823
101
273
88.3
Average.
3,537
1,829
1,708
3,417
116
4
..
..
..
3,198
109
230
90.8
1856.—The Civil Surgeon writes:—
" The progress made during the year 1856 has been highly satisfactory, as will be evident
from the table.*
" An increase of three hundred and eighty-two (382) is an evidence of continued exertion on
the part of my Assistant, and is conclusive that the system is gaining ground in this locality.
Opposition from interested village officials was as usual experienced.
These cases were
immediately brought to the notice of the Political Authorities, and duly reported to the
* Table No. 2 Appendix.
57
Rulnagherry.—Assistant
Surgeon E. DeCrespigny, M.D.—One (1)
Vaccinator at Rupees nine (9) per mensem.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
RUTNAGHERRY.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . . .
CASTE . .
AGE . . .
RESULT .
Males . . . .
Females . . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussulmans . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes. .
Under one year .
Above one year.
Successful . . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . . . .
1853.
316
169
147
307
8
1
..
..
..
..
255
58
3
80.6
1854.
455
265
190
418
36
1
..
..
..
..
447
8
..
98.2
1855.
862
472
390
832
14
16
..
..
..
..
801
61
..
92.9
1856.
870
484
386
813
53
4
..
..
..
..
633
67
170
72.7
1857.
971
507
464
735
234
2
..
..
164
807
863
57
51
88.8
Average.
695
380
315
621
96
5
..
..
..
..
600
50
45
86.6
The Civil Surgeon (Dr. DeCrespigny) states :—
1856.—" Vaccination has been carried on during the year 1856 successfully as to numbers
exhibiting an increase of eight (8) over the total of the year ending 31st December 1855.
Much time has occasionally been lost by perambulating the town and suburbs of Rutnagherry
in the endeavour to obtain subjects, which would have been better occupied in visiting the
many villages in the neighbourhood, where subjects are always procurable. At such times as
Small-pox makes its appearance the people of Rutnagherry are by no means unwilling to avail
themselves of the benefits of vaccination, but I am of opinion that this disposition on their
part, as well as on that of the Village Patels, (who are in the habit of making requisitions for
our services,) on such occasions should not be complied with, for this reason, viz., that
abnormal conditions attending the formation of vesicles are then so frequently observed as to
lead to the inference that every such instance is liable to non-protection. A representation
was made to me that a petition had been sent in, begging for permission to have recourse to
inoculation, on the grounds that vaccination had not been attended with success in these
cases; and in another instance stating that vaccination had been non-protective. Such results,
I do not hesitate to ascribe generally to the abovementioned. practice than which I can
imagine nothing more likely to cause deterioration in the quality of the lymph."
1857.—The Civil Surgeon reports :—
"The number of persons vaccinated during the year was nine hundred and seventy-one (971).
Small-pox was as usual prevalent in the early part of the year; but not to any extent in the
town and immediate vicinity. The children were all vaccinated with lymph taken fresh from
the arm, a child being taken by the Vaccinator for the purpose from one place to another, but
there is a prejudice against the vesicle being interferred with, and the more respectable classes
of Natives cannot be persuaded to consent to it. No difficulty has been experienced in obtain-
ing children in the neighbouring villages, so long as the villagers are not occupied with their
agricultural concerns, or engaged in holiday or religious ceremonies."
8v
58
Vingorla.—Mr.
Senior Apothecary Wright.
Table of Vaccination for five years and average :—
VINGORLA.
Total Number Vaccinated.
SEX . . . .
CASTE . .
AGE . . . .
RESULT .
Males . . . .
Females . . .
Hindoos . . . .
Mussalmans . .
Christians . . . .
Parsees . . . .
Other Castes . .
Under one year.
Above one year.
Successful . . .
Unsuccessful . .
Doubtful . . . .
Percentage of Success . .
1853.
167
86
81
159
8
..
..
..
..
..
158
2
7
94.6
1854.
243
152
91
171
46
26
..
..
..
..
243
..
..
100.0
1855.
102
54
48
67
13
22
..
..
..
..
102
..
..
100.0
1856.
167
99
68
92
44
31
..
..
..
..
166
..
1
99.4
1857.
202
127
75
163
36
3
..
..
80
122
201
..
1
99.5
Average.
176
103
73
131
29
16
..
..
..
..
174
2
98.7
1856.—The number vaccinated during the past year is one hundred
and sixty-seven (167), an increase of sixty-five (65) over the former year.
1857.—Mr. Senior Apothecary Wright reports that:—
"The number vaccinated during the last year exceeds that of the previous year by thirty-five
(35). Small-pox has been prevalent in and about Vingorla during the last three months, but
the cases were mild. No obstruction exists, that I am aware of, to the effectual spread of
vaccination."
The Superintending Surgeon of the Southern Division (Dr. Mac-
kenzie) reports of 1857, under date 12th March 1858:—
" From an inspection of the Returns* it will at once be perceived that there is a material
decrease of the numbers vaccinated during the past, compared with the previous year. This
unfavorable and unexpected result is attributed to the prevalence of epidemic diseases, espe-
cially cholera, and the desertion by the people of their villages in consequence; the disturbed
state of the country ; a reduction in the number of Vaccinators from deaths and dismissals;
and imperfect supervision from the frequent changes in the Superintendent of Vaccination.
" But on a closer examination it will be found that although the above causes might, and
in all probability did, operate very materially in circumscribing the practice, and retarding the
extension of vaccination, there were others, and perhaps more important causes at work; for
if the Returns of the Civil Surgeons be taken, an increase is every where shown, (except at
Belgaum,) and in none is it more marked than at Kolapore,† where not only disease prevailed,
but where men's minds must have been as unsettled as in any of the districts, if not more so.
" To the above there are apparently three exceptions, the returns from the Civil Surgeons
Belgaum and Sawunt Warree‡ show a decrease, while that from the Civil Surgeon Sholapore
shows an increase greater than the one from Kolapore. But when, with respect to the first, the
long sickness of the Vaccinator is taken into consideration; to the second, the sickness
of the Vaccinator, and the loss of the services of one of the most zealous Assistants; and to
* See Appendix Tables Nos. 1 and 2, Southern Division.
† Table No. 2, 1857, Appendix.
‡ Table No. 3, Native Chiefs' agency.