NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
APPENDICES.
17
TABLE V.
Statement
showing the number of Animals treated and castrated at Veterinary
Hospitals
and Dispensaries
during the year 1920-21 (Paragraph 5).
District.
(1)
(Burma)
Inseia.
Total, 1920-21
Total, 1919-20
Number of Veterinary
Dispensaries.
(2)
1
1
1
Number of Veterinary
Assistants employed.
(3)
1
1
1
Number of in-
patients treated
during the year.
Equines.
(4)
22
22
24
Bovines.
(5)
24
24
21
Other
animals.
(6)
207
707
134
Total.
(7)
253
253
179
Number of out-
patients treated
during the year.
Equines.
(8)
113
113
139
Bovines.
(9)
537
557
641
Other
animals.
(10)
1,087
1,087
975
Total.
(11)
1,767
1,757
1,755
Grand total of in-patients
and out-patients treated
during the year.
(12)
2,010
2,010
1,934
Total number of cases sup-
plied with medicines but
not brought to hospitals.
(13)
199
199
185
Castrations
performed.
Equines.
(14)
2
2
...
Bovines.
(15)
...
...
...
Other
animals.
(16)
...
...
1
Total.
(17)
2
2
1
Receipts.
(18)
Rs.
246
946
25
Expendi t
ur e.
(19)
Rs.
1,486
1,486
17,168
TABLE VII.
Statement showing total strength of Subordinate
Veterinary
Staff employed during
the
von
1920-21 (Paragraphs 15 and 10).
Province.
(1)
Burma ..
Northern
Shan States.
Southern
Shan Slates
How occupied.
(2)
In Schools and Colleges
District ...
Do ...
...
...
Total, 1919-20 ...
Total, 1918-19 ...
Whether
paid from
Provincial or
Local Funds.
(3)
Provincial
Do.
Local Funds
...
...
...
...
Veterinary
Inspectors.
(4)
No.
1 *
23
...
1
1
s6
25
Veterinary
Assistants.
(5)
No.
* 19
159
8
16
200
189
Subordinate
teaching
staff.
(6)
No.
1 D.S.
1 A. I.
3 D.S.
...
...
...
4 D.S.
1 A.I.
2 D.S.
1 A.I.
Remarks.
(7)
* Laboratory.
Assistant In-
structor.
* 1 School.
2 Office.
District Cess
Funds, 86.
District Funds,
73.
TABLE XIV A.
Statement showing the cost of the Civil Veterinary Department
in the Province of
Burma
during the financial year 1920-21.
(1)
Superintendence ... ...
Veterinary Instruction ...
Subordinate Establishment ...
Hospitals and Dispensaries ...
Breeding Operations
...
Contribution to District Funds
on account of Veterinary Assis-
tants.
Prizes ... ...
Fairs and Shows ... ...
Total, 1920-21 ...
Total, 1919-20 ...
Amount.
Imperial.
(2)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Provincial.
(3)
Rs.
86,059
42,922
86,019
1,486
9,087
87,358
...
...
3,12,931
2,62,496
Local.
(4)
Rs.
...
... 1,77,168
...
...
...
...
...
1,77,168
1,68,919
Total.
(5)
Rs.
86,059
42,92a
2,63,187
1,486
9,087
87,358
...
...
4,90,099
4,31,345
Remarks.
(6)
G.B.C.D.O.—No. 1, S.C.V.D., 12-6-1922—300.
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
(INCLUDING THE INSEIN VETERINARY SCHOOL)
BURMA
FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH 1921
RANGOON
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA
1922
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
(INCLUDING THE INSEIS VETERINARY SCHOOL)
BURMA
FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH 1922
RANGOON
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA
1923
[Price Re. 1.]
[The maximum limit of the body of the Report is ten pages.]
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT (INCLUDING THE INSEIN
VETERINARY SCHOOL), BURMA, FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST MARCH
General Administration
...
...
... ... ... ...
I.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION.
Veterinary Colleges and Schools ... ... ... ... ... ...
Hospital... ... ... ... ... ...
Laboratory
...
...
...
...
...
...
II.—TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
(1) CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Lower Burma ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Upper Burma
...
...
...
...
...
...
Southern Shan States
...
...
...
...
...
Northern Shan States
... ... ... ... ... ...
(2) OTHER CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
General Notes
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
(3) PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Serum Injection performed during outbreaks of diseases
...
...
...
(4)
OTHER DISEASES
Number of Deaths
(5) VETERINARY HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.
Insein
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Myingyan
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Pakôkku ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Prome
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
PARA.
1 & 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
PAGE
2
1 & 2
2
id.
2
2 & 3
3 & 4
4
4
4 & 5
5
5
III.—BREEDING OPERATIONS.
(1) BOVINES.—Nil.
(a) EQUINES.—Nil.
(3) OTHERS.—Nil.
(4) FAIRS AND SHOWS.
General Notes
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
IV.—SUBORDINATE ESTABLISHMENT.
Distribution and Work of Veterinary Inspectors and Assistants
...
...
V.—EXPENDITURE OF THE DEPARTMENT.
(Vide Table XIV A of the Appendices.)
VI.—GENERAL REMARKS.
Cattle Disease
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Segregation Rules ... ... ... ... ... ...
Subordinate Staff ... ... ... ... ... ...
Report of Mortality during outbreaks
...
...
... ... ...
Importation of cattle disease
...
...
...
...
...
Programme of work ... ... ... ... ...
Interest taken in the Department by District Officials
...
... ...
14
15 & 16
17
18
19
20
21 92
23
5
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
APPENDICES.
TABLE I.—Statement showing the main results of Veterinary Colleges and Schools during the
year 1921-22 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
TABLE II.—Statement showing the number of deaths from Contagious Diseases amongst
animals during the year 1921-23 ... ... ... ...
TABLE III.—Statement showing the results of Preventive Inoculation during the year 1991-92
TABLE IV.—Statement showing the number of Animals treated and castrated by Veterinary
Assistants on tour during the year 1921-22 ... ... ...
TABLE V.—Statement showing the number of animals treated at Veterinary Hospitals and
Dispensaries during the year 1921-22
...
...
...
TABLE VII.—Statement showing total strength of Subordinate Veterinary Staff employed
during the year 1931-92
...
...
...
...
TABLE XIV A.—Statement showing the cost of the Civil Veterinary Department in
Burma during the financial year 1921-29 ...
...
...
...
NOTE.—Tables VIII to XIV are blank.
PAGE
9
10
11
12
13
ib.
ib.
RESOLUTION
ON THE
REPORT OF THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
For the year which ended on the 31st March 1922.
Extracts from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma in the Agricultural Department,
No. 50O., dated the 3rd February 1933,
READ—
The Report of the Civil Veterinary Department (including the Insein Veterinary School), Burma,
for the year 1921-22, and the remarks in the forwarding gletter of the Secretary to the
Development Commissioner, Burma.
RESOLUTION.—This is the second report written by Mr. T. Rennie, as the
Veterinary Aaviser to the Government of Burma. At the end of the year under
report the superior staff consisted of three Superintendents and six Deputy Super-
intendents (three below establishment) and the subordinate staff of 35 Inspectors
and 189 Assistants. The shortage of the superior staff, coupled with the employ-
ment of three of its members on special work in connection with stock-breeding, at
the Insein Veterinary School, and in charge of the Military Police ponies, left too
few officers available for the inspection of ordinary district work, but it is hoped
that the staff will before long be brought up to full strength, when more thorough
inspection will be possible.
a. The Local Government has recently approved the appointment of a small
committee of Veterinary experts selected (with the exception of the Veterinary
Adviser) from outside the department to examine the existing and proposed
school buildings at Insein, and the present curriculum of studies and to advise the
Local Government on these matters, on the extent to which the school meets
the requirements of the province, and on the possibilities of providing higher
education in veterinary subjects.
3. There was again a gratifying decrease in the number of cattle deaths from
contagious diseases during the year, 27,437 as against 40,409 in 1920-21 and
59,435 in the previous year. The chief cause of mortality was, as in former years,
rinderpest, which contributed 71 per cent. of the total number of deaths from
contagious diseases. In Upper Burma the deaths from this disease are stated to
have been 16,525, the districts most severely affected being the Upper Chindwin,
Katha and Pakôkku, but as cattle deaths are not registered in Upper Burma except
in the Yamèthin, Kyauksè and Thayetmyo Districts, the reliability of these figures
is doubtful. The question of extending the system of registration to the Upper
Province is under consideration. The Thatôn and Toungoo Districts accounted
for 1,753 deaths out of the 2,909 in Lower Burma. The Shan States are said to
have been practically immune from contagious cattle diseases, but the scattered
FOR THE YEAR WHICH ENDED ON THE 31ST MARCH 1929.
3
as the latter finds necessary to deal with outbreaks of epidemic disease, and
while they will still be subject to the disciplinary control of the Department, their
services will be lent to District Councils which will also have to bear all the
expenses of Veterinary administration in their districts except the pay and travelling
allowances of the Inspectors and Assistants. The Deputy Commissioner will
still have ample powers under the Village Act to compel the adoption of the
necessary measures to enforce proper segregation, and under section 65A of the
Burma Rural Self-Government Amendment Act he can compel District Councils
to take certain measures in the event of any part of the district being visited or
threatened with outbreaks of dangerous or infectious diseases. In the immediate
future, while the District Councils are finding their feet, segregation will have to
be enforced under the Village Act, but as District Councils become conversant
with and experienced in their duties, the Local Government looks forward to the
gradual substitution of bye-laws framed by the District Councils for dealing with
the welfare of cattle rather than to orders under the Village Act. This, however,
is a matter which cannot be unduly hurried. The essential thing is that proper
measures should be enforced.
7. The Development Commissioner has expressed the opinion that once the
staff of Deputy Superintendents has been brought up to strength, the subordinate
establishment should be transferred entirely to the control of District Councils so
as to relieve the Veterinary Adviser and his assistants of the work of checking
the travelling allowance bills and diaries of the Assistants and to enable the latter
to devote more time to actual inspection on the ground. The Local Government
agrees that the Department is outgrowing the present system of administration
and that there must be decentralization, but is not prepared at present to take
any further action in the direction of placing Veterinary Assistants and Inspectors
under the control of District Councils until it has some experience of the manner
in which these bodies function. At the same time, although a strong Department
can to some extent enforce simple measures of segregation, any real improvement
in the welfare of cattle must come from conviction within the cultivator and not
from pressure from without, and if the District Councils fulfil the hopes of their
more ardent supporters, a much larger measure of willing co-operation in the
suppression of disease among cattle may be looked for from the cultivator than
has hitherto been the case.
The Local Government has noted with pleasure the names of the officers
who are singled out for their good work and congratulates Mr. Rennie on his
successful administration of the Department for the second year.
By order of the Government of Burma (Ministry of Agriculture),
H. O. REYNOLDS,
Secretary to the Government of Burma,
Depts. of Agriculture, Excite and Forests.
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
(INCLUDING THE INSEIN VETERINARY SCHOOL)
BURMA
For the Year ended the 31st March 1922.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
1. Mr. Rennie was in charge of the Department throughout the year. He
held charge of the Veterinary School during the absence of Mr. Cameron on
leave. He was on tour for 111 days, visiting 12 districts in Upper Burma and
4 districts in Lower Burma. He travelled 171 miles by road, 2,752 by river and
7,518 by rail. The work of 2 Deputy Superintendents, 10 Veterinary Inspectors
and 46 Veterinary Assistants was inspected by him during the year. He attended
the Agricultural Conference at Pusa in February 1922. He inspected the
Military Police Battalion, Taunggyi, Southern Shan States, and examined the
pupils at the Veterinary Training School, Taunggyi.
Mr. Cameron returned from leave in December and was placed in charge of
the Veterinary School, Insein.
Captain O'Neill held charge of the Office of the Second Superintendent in
addition to his own duties pending the return of Mr. Cameron from leave. He
was on tour for 97 days, travelling 198 miles by road, 1,028 by river and 3,920 by
rail and visiting 5 districts in Upper Burma and 5 in Lower Burma. He
inspected the work of 6 Veterinary Inspectors and 19 Veterinary Assistants.
This Officer's Headquarters have now been transferred to Mandalay, the
Mandalay and Sagaing Divisions being placed solely in his charge.
Captain Idle was employed during the year in collecting information as
regards stock breeding and local conditions pertaining thereto. He travelled
390 miles by road, 7,691 by rail and 1,014 by steamer and examined Government
stallions on tour.
2. One Deputy Superintendent was reverted early in the year thus reducing
the number to four. Towards the middle of the year a Veterinary Inspector a
graduate of Calcutta College, who had recently returned from military duty, was
promoted to Deputy Superintendent and posted to the charge of the Irrawaddy
Division. A sixth appointment was made in March so that at the close of the
year there were six Deputy Superintendents.
Mr. Batlivala was in charge of the Veterinary School, Insein, as Deputy
Superintendent until February when he proceeded on four months' leave.
Sardar Bahadur Bhagwan Singh was in charge of Military Police throughout
the year and carried out his duties in connection therewith in his usual satis-
factory manner.
I.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION.
Table 1.
3. Veterinary Colleges and Schools.—At the beginning of the year the num-
ber of pupils totalled 41 distributed as follows :—
Class C.—15, Class B—10 and Class A—16*. Examinations were held
in April and all the pupils in Class ' C ' passed and were appointed to districts in
May.
* Including 2 pupils from Co-operative Societies.
4
REPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT (INCLUDING THE INSEIN
year as against 1920-21 shows that the desired decrease of mortality is maintained.
This reflects credit on the Veterinary Assistants, who have carried out their
duties satisfactorily."
Veterinary School, Taunggyi.—Seven
pupils underwent training in the
period under report. Of these one from Yawnghwe was a last year's pupil and
on the advice of the Veterinary Adviser he left school on the 19th April 1922,
as he made no further progress.
Of the six new pupils three were from the Northern Shan States and three
from the Central Subdivision, Southern Shan States.
Veterinary Inspector Maung Po Ku was in charge of the School throughout
the year with the exception of a period of three months on leave.
9. Northern Shan States.—There was ver) little contagious disease amongst
cattle throughout the year. Deaths from Rinderpest are reported to have been 74.
Surra seems to have given almost no trouble amongst equines.
Veterinary Staff.—Veterinary Inspector 1, Hsipaw State.
Veterinary Assistants.—Two passed pupils were appointed during the year.
The number employed at the end of the year was as follows :—
South Hsenwi 1, North Hsenwi 3, Tawngpeng 1 and Hsipaw State 6,
total 11.
(2) OTHER CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
10. The following diseases were reported and confirmed by examination
in the Laboratory, Insein School, from the areas noted :—
Anthrax.—Pegu, Akyab, Yamèthin, Mandalay, Myitkyina, Bhamo, Thayet-
m'yo, Tharrawaddy, Yaw, Kyauksè, Mawlaik, Minbu, Prome, Shwebo.
Piroplasmosis.—Kyauksè, Prome, Rangoon, Mandalay, Insein, Thayetmyo,
Myitkyina, Katha, Yamèthin, Kindat, Bhamo, Kani, Pakôkku, Shwebo.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—Kyauks&, Tharrawaddy, Insein, Pegu, Mon-
ywa, Shwebo, Mergui.
Filariasis.—Rangoon, Insein, Bassein, Bhamo.
Mange (Demodex).—Rangoon, Insein.
Mange (Sarcoptic).—Rangoon, Insein.
Streptotrichosis.—Rangoon, Insein.
Ankylostomiasis.—Rangoon and vicinity.
Hæmogregarina.—Rangoon.
Trypanosomiasis —Myitkyina, Bassein, Insein, Hanthawaddy, Pegu,
Tharrawaddy, Prome, Hsipaw, Minbu, Yamèthin, Bhamo, Katha, Rangoon.
Glanders.—Minbu.
Epizootic
Lymphangitis.—Magwe.
(3) PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Table III.
11. Owing to the large decrease in amount of disease in districts where the
use of anti-rinderpest serum is usually called for and in which it can readily be
employed, there is naturally a diminution in the number of animals receiving
protection by this means. Serum was employed in 305 outbreaks in the following
districts :—
Lower Burma.—Hanthawaddy,
Pegu, Prome, Tharrawaddy, Pyapôn,
Amherst, Thatôn, Salween and Toungoo.
Upper Burma —Mandalay, Katha, Meiktila, Yamèthin, Sagaing, Magwe,
Minbu, Bhamo, Shwebo, Upper Chindwin and in Northern Shan States.
Altogether 28,380 animals were injected and the mortality following inocu-
lation amongst these animals is reported to have been 76 or 26%
The Deputy Commissioner, Shwebo, notes, " There was no serious outbreak
of cattle disease during the year
The success of the inoculation intro-
duced last year for the first time appears to have commended itself to cattle
owners."
VETERINARY SCHOOL), BURMA. FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST MARCH 1923.
5
As has been remarked before, in many areas the work of serum protection
is much hindered by natural causes as well as by unwillingness of the people to
submit their cattle. An inoculation party despatched to Papun was delayed by
floods and arrived too late. In Magwe, as in most of the breeding districts of
Upper Burma, the method is often rendered ineffective by reason of the cows
and young cattle being difficult and often impossible to secure.
In all 2 Deputy Superintendents, 8 Veterinary Inspectors and 80 Veteri-
nary Assistants and a pupils were employed in serum protection duty.
(4) OTHER DISEASES.
12. Deaths due to these amounted to 54,680 in Lower Burma and to 15,314
in Upper Burma.
(5) VETERINARY HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.
Table V.
13. Three of the four Veterinary Dispensaries mentioned as having been
sanctioned in last year's report were opened during the year. The dispensary
sanctioned in Pegu has been delayed owing to the difficulty in securing a suitable
building, but it is hoped that this difficulty will shortly be met.
In Myingyan the dispensary was opened in October and in the first month
treated 37 cases. The number has risen progressively each month up to 158
treated in March. The total for the six months during which the dispensary
has been in operation is 657.
In Prome a beginning was made in October ; the total for the first month
was only 9 animals. Results have been poor, the total number of cases up to
March being 106.
The dispensary in Pakôkku was opened on 1st November. In the first
month cases treated amounted to 29 and this number has shown little variation
in the succeeding months ; altogether up to the end of March number of cases
treated amounted only to 291.
III.—BREEDING OPERATIONS.
(1) BOVINES—Nil.
(2) EQUINES—Nil.
(3) OTHERS—Nil.
The activities of: the Superintendent in charge of stock breeding have been
directed to making himself familiar with local conditions and types of animals
in Burma.
(4) FAIRS AND SHOWS.
14. A cattle show was held at Yamèthin where 3,510 head of cattle
(including buffaloes) were exhibited, the money distributed in prizes amounting
to nearly Rs. 1,200. Cattle exhibits at this show were as usual of very fine
type.
At the Pakôkku Agricultural Show the total number of animals competing
amounted to 227 ; bullocks amounted to 62 only, and the amount of money
distributed was Rs. 1,625. Stallions were not good. Cattle exhibits were few
but good, the winning pair having done a journey of some 60 miles to take the
prize.
6
REPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT (INCLUDING THE INSEIN
IV.—SUBORDINATE ESTABLISHMENT.
Tables IV
& VII.
15. Veterinary Inspectors.—The following table shows the number employed
during the year :—
Inspectors.
(1)
Lower Burma
Upper Burma
Shan States
Total ...
Strength on
1st April 1931
Permanent.
(2)
7
9
2
18
Acting.
(3)
6
2
...
8
Appointed
during
the year.
Permanent.
(4)
1
...
...
1
Acting.
(5)
...
2
...
2
Total.
Permanent.
(6)
8
9
3
19
Acting.
(7)
6
4
...
10
Casualties or
Promotion.
Permanent.
(8)
1
Acting.
(9)
...
(Promoted).
*from
1* ...
(Promoted).
from
...
2
...
...
Transfer,
etc.
Permanent.
(10)
1†
Acting.
(11)
3*
(reverted)
1†
to
(transferred
from U. B.)
1
...
(transferred
to L. B.)
...
1
...
-3
Strength on
31st March 1922.
Permanent.
(12)
9
7
2
18
Acting.
(13)
3
4
...
7
Total.
(14)
12
11
2
25
* Two reverted and one transferred.
One senior Assistant who had undergone additional training was promoted
to an Inspectorship during the year.
The Inspectors visited 2,086 villages in Lower Burma and 3,422 in Upper
Burma, attending 180 outbreaks and 282 outbreaks respectively.
The average number of days spent on tour amounted, to 2,695 in Upper
Burma and 2,888 in Lower Burma.
At the close of year there were 25 Inspectors, viz. 9 Ipermanent, Lower
Burma ; 7 Upper Burma ; 3 acting, Lower Burma and 4 Upper Burma ; Shan
States. 2 permanent.
Tables IV
& VII.
16. Veterinary Assistants.—The number of Assistants employed during the
year is as under :—
Veterinary
Assistants.
Lower Burma
Upper Burma
Reserve
...
Office ...
School ...
Total ...
Strength on
1st April 1921.
81
78
L. B. 6
U. B. 10
2
1
178
Appointed during
the year.
4
5
6
...
...
...
15
Total.
85
83
12
10
2
1
193
Casualties or
Promotion.
I died
I removed
I promoted
I died
...
...
...
...
4
Transfer.
...
...
-1
1
...
...
...
Strength on 31st
March 193a.
83
81
11
11
2
1
189
Two Veterinary Assistants died during the year, one of plague and the
other of cholera at Maymyo, Mandalay District, and Einmè, Myaungmya
District, respectively.
One Assistant, Maung Lu Han of Myohaung, Akyab District, was removed
for misconduct.
Three Assistants who were on military duty returned in June 1921.
Fifteen pupils passed their final examination and were posted to districts
during the year, 12 in May and 3 in June 1921.
* Promoted from Veterinary Inspector to Deputy Superintendent.
† Reverted from Deputy Superintendent to Veterinary Inspector.
8
REPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT (INCLUDING THE 1NSEIN VETERINARY SCHOOL),
BURMA, FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST MARCH 1928.
Veterinary Assistants.—Maung
Po Kyi, Maung Ba Tin, Maung Po Nyein,
Maung Shwe Po Yin, Maung Po Inn, Maung Po Sein (3), Maung Oh, Maung
Tun Mya, Maung Po Hmi, Maung Kyi Sint, Maung Hla Pe, Maung San Po,
Maung Mya Maung and Maung Myat Pwin.
Very few cases of neglect of work have been reported. One Assistant,
Maung Lu Han, Myohaung, Akyab District, was removed in November for
falsifying his diaries.
20. The remarks regarding reports of mortality during outbreaks made in
last year's report were well exemplified in the outbreak in the Upper Chindwin
where an appreciation of the amount of losses amongst cattle and buffaloes was
only arrived at on the estimate being prepared by district officers for purpose of
this report.
21. Importation of Cattle Disease.—Disease
is reported to have been
introduced into Thatôn District from the Siamese border and into Kyaukpyu by
cattle driven through the An pass from Minbu.
22. The work of the Department during the ensuing year will necessarily
be as heretofore :—
1. Investigation of Disease.
2. Prevention and suppression of contagious maladies.
3. Instruction to cattle owners in the care of cattle and in measures to
prevent disease.
23. District Officers take an ever increasing interest in the work of combat-
ing disease amongst the live stock of the Province and the thanks of the Depart-
ment are again due to them for furthering its endeavours in this direction.
Without their loyal support it would be impossible, considering the huge area
of country involved, for the small Veterinary Staff to produce any appreciable
effect on the control of disease, even in districts where the most favourable
conditions prevail. Such help is all the more to be appreciated in view of the
fact that it is accorded by Officers who can ill spare the time from their multi-
farious other duties.
T. RENNIE,
Veterinary Adviser to the Government of Burma.
RANGOON, 29th May 1922.