NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
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Two large size paintings showing contrast of healthy Tharparkar
herd and unthrifty country cows were prepared for the Imperial Veterinary
Research Institute, Muktesar.
GOAT TISSUE VIRUS SECTION.
49. (a) Objects.—To provide for a source of supply of Goat Tissue
Virus during summer months when transport of the virus from Muktesar
is not feasible, Government have approved of local manufacture of goat
tissue virus on an experimental basis for 3 years. The section started
its work with effect from 20th April, 1940, and the supply of viru3 to
district commenced from 15th June, 1940.
(b) Staff.—The staff consists of a Veterinary Inspector (in-charge),
one Laboratory Attendant and two goat-men. The 2nd Laboratory
Assistant and one sweeper of the Research Laboratory also worked partly
in this section in addition to their own duties.
Maulavi Q. Khan, a member of the Subordinate Veterinary Service
was appointed as temporary Inspector-in-charge of the Goat Tissue Virus
section.
(c) Building.—The Western room of the main laboratory has been
allotted to this section. The block adjacent to it on the western side is
used for keeping infected goats. The operation and post mortem examina-
tions are performed in the verandah enclosed by a wooden screen. Healthy
goats are kept in one of the stalls of the experimental stable which has
been provided with a temporary gate.
(d) Equipment.—Instruments and furniture have been supplied from
the College stock. A glass cabinet on wooden frame at a cost of Rs. 40
has been prepared. 74 thermos-flask with 84 refils have been purchased
in order to supply the virus during hot weather; 38½ gross glass tube
ampoules were obtained during the year under report.
(e) Goats.— Arrangements for timely supply of goats were made
through a contractor, 183 goats were destroyed for virus production.
48 infected goats not required for virus production were discarded and
returned to the contractor on half the cost price. 8 goats died during
experiments.
(f) Post mortem examination.—190 post mortem examinations
were conducted upon carcases of goats destroyed for the production of
Tissue Virus and experiments.
(g) Instructions and method of supply.—During the year under
report 5,865 ampoules were manufactured out of which 5,760 ampoules
were supplied. 63 ampoules were discarded, 42 ampoules remaining
as balance. The sealed ampoules are stored in the Hospital Cooler.
The purity test for the virus both by direct smear examination and
culturally is carried out in the Bacteriology section.
The virus is despatched in sterile hermetically sealed ampoules well
packed and wrapped in cotton wool in ice filled thermosflask in hot weather
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and in bamboo pieces during cold weather by unregistered parcel,
postage being Re. 0-12-0 and Re. 0-4-0, respectively.
(i) Expriments.—Experiments conducted to test the viability of the
virus in transit showed that the virus during hot season (temperature
being above the incubator temperature) loses its potency during transit
when packed in ordinary parcel.
(j) Expenditure.—Tho total expenditure on the Goat Tissue Virus
section during the period was Rs. 3,326-6-6 and the sale proceeds of 5,760
ampoules amount to Rs. 6,480.
GENERAL.
50. Finance.—A comparative statement is given to show the receipt
and expenditure of the College for the last 3 years.
Year.
1938-39
1939-40
1940-41
..
..
..
..
..
..
Receipt.
Rs. a. p.
16,510 14 6
20,456 12 6
28,751 3 9
Expenditure.
Rs. a. p.
62,730 4 6
61,503 11 9
60,707 5 0
The reciprocal arrangement introduced in 1938-39 whereby the United
Provinces Government stipendiaries are admitted in the Bihar Veterinary
College and the Bihar stipendiaries in the Agricultural College, Cawnpore
continued during the year under report. The total number of such
students from the United Provinces Government now is 56. Under the
terms of the reciprocal arrangement neither Government is to charge any
contribution for the training of these students, with the result that the
receipts in the College budget under " Cost of service rendered " does not
include Rs. 28,000 that would have been normally charged to United
Provinces.
Details of receipt and expenditure are shown in Table XVIII.
51. Governing Body.—Two meetings of the College Governing
Body were convened during the year under report.
52. Award of Medals and Diplomas.—One gold medal was awarded
to the students in each of the three classes who stood 1st in order of
merit in the Annual and Diploma Examinations.
The ceremony of giving away the diplomas to the graduates was
introduced in the College. The function was presided over by Mr. M. I.
Malik, Director, Veterinary Services, Bihar who gave away the diplomas.
53. Visits.—Mr. D. N. Khurody, the Senior Marketing Officer to the
Government of India and Dr. W. Betridge, Dean of the Faculty of
Medicine, Lucknow University, visited the College during the year.
54. Mass Literacy.—The College literacy centre entered upon its
second session during the year under report. Twenty-seven meinals attend-
ed the class which was held for one hour in the evening on three days in
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the week. Six teachers continued to teach as before. An examination was
held and the result was found satisfactory.
55. War efforts.—A series of war lecturers were delivered by promi-
nent persons. One contingent menial (a military pensioner) was recalled
to Army Service and two other employees of the College were selected for
technician training under the Bihar and Orissa National Tribunal Service.
A sum of Rs. 37 was contributed by the staff for the Bed Cross Society.
One student contributed Rs. 5 per month for War Fund from his stipend
of Rs. 20.
CHAPTER III.
TREATMENT OF DIESEASES.
56. Incidence of contagious diseases.—The general condition of
cattle was, on the whole, satisfactory during the year. Contagious cattle
diseases, e.g., rinderpest, Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia and Foot and Mouth
Disease were reported from almost all the districts of the province.
Black-Quarter apppeared in all the districts except Patna, Ranchi, Hazari-
bagh and Singhbhum while Anthrax occurred in all the districts except
Saran, Purnea and North Monghyr and North Bhagalpur. Outbreaks
of Bovine Surra were reported from Muzaffarpur, Champaran, Darbhanga,
Saran, Santal Parganas and Shahabad districts
The number of outbreaks of different contagious live-stock diseases was
3,306; of these 3,217 were attended by the staff. In these outbreaks 9,864
deaths occurred amongst 39,112 seizures during the year as against 18,342
deaths and 44,224 seizures in 4,430 outbreaks of the previous year.
57. Statistics of Live-stock diseases.—The livestock population as
well as the number of outbreaks, seizures and deaths, etc., are shown in
the Table below Range by Range :—
Range.
1
North Bihar Range
Central Range …
Chota Nagpur Sub-
range.
Total …
Area in
square
miles.
2
20,467
21,907
27,018
69,377
Livestock
population.
3
10,544,878
7,876,888
6,882,861
24,264,667
Number
of out-
breaks
reported.
4
709
1,398
1,201
8,806
Number
of out-
breaks
attended-
5
708
1,388
1,121
8,217
Number
of animals
affected.
6
(a)7,307
(b)16,853
(c)16,952
89,112
Number
of
deaths.
7
2,316
4,372
3,176
(d)9,864
*The figures are according to the census of 1980.
(a)
(b)
(c) (d)
Includes 3,222 cases of Foot and Mouth disease.
„ 8,108 „ „ „ „
„ 10,880 „ „ „ „
„ 16 equines „ „ „
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58. Reporting of diseases.—There was no change in the system of
reporting of contagious diseases. The Veterinary staff detected numerous
outbreaks in the course of their field work. For prompt reporting of out-
breaks 43 chaukidars were rewarded while 42 were reported against for
neglect of duty in this respect.
59. EQUINES.
(a) Glanders and Farcy,—One fatal case was reported from
Bhagalpur.
(b) Surra.—There were three fatal cases.
(c) Dourine.—No report.
(d) Anthrax.—There were two sporadic outbreaks in Patna. Of the
four affected ponies three succumbed.
(e) Tetanus.—Of the seven reported cases four proved fatal
(f) Strangles.—There were 26 cases of strangles of which 23
were in the Central Range and 3 in the North Bihar Range. Only 3
ponies died.
(g) Rabies.—One fatal case was reported from North Monghyr.
60. BOVINE.
(a) Rinderpest.—This disease was reported from all the districts
except Muzaffarpur but was in severe form only in Shahabad, Santal
Parganas, Purnea and Bhagalpur. Muzaffarpur was free from Rinderpest
in the previous two years as well. Highest mortality was reported from
Shahabad as in the previous year, with 252 outbreaks, 2,188 seizures and
963 deaths. Altogether 1,051 outbreaks were reported and of 9,778
seizure 4,658 (including 2,136 buffaloes) died as against 1,801 outbreaks,
17,687 seizures and 7,828 deaths in 1939-40. The question of better
control of Rinderpest in Shahabad is at present under consideration.
(b) Hæmorrhagio Septicæmia.—This disease, though reported from
all the districts, appeared in a less virulent Form. Figures of seizures
and deaths were high only in the districts of Patna, Darbhanga, Santal
Parganas and Ranchi. During the year 919 outbreaks were reported
affecting 4,647 animals with 3,599 deaths (including 1,387 buffaloes) as
compared to 1,566 outbreaks, 8,174 seizures and 6,166 deaths.
(c) Foot and mouth disease.—Attacks from Foot and Mouth disease
have been on the decrease. In all 30 deaths were recorded during the
year out of a total seizure of 22,205 in 867 outbreaks as compared with
59 deaths, 16,290 seizures and 696 outbreaks of the preceding year.
(d) Black-quarter.—All the districts except
Patna,
Ranchi,
Hazaribagh and Singhbhum were affected. In 143 outbreaks 604 animals
were affected, and 480 died against 153 outbreaks, 652 attacks and 542
deaths of the previous year.
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(e) Anthrax.—As in previous year anthrax cases were rare in
North Bihar. Outbreaks were reported from all the districts of South
Bihar and Chota Nagpur. Figures for this year are 112 outbreaks,
640 seizures and 466 deaths as against last year's 94 outbreaks, 700
attacks and 511 deaths.
(f) Surra.—Surra accounted for 29 deaths in 12 outbreaks as
compared to 116 deaths in 23 outbreaks of 1939-40.
(g) Other diseases.—Thirty-two outbreaks of ephemeral fever were
reported with 133 seizures and 46 deaths. Besides, there were 13 deaths
from Parasitic diarrhœa and 1 from Rabies. There were 17 non-fatal
cases of Piroplasmosis. Of 660 cases of unclassified contagious diseases
420 died.
(h) Other causes.—405 animals died of other causes during the
year.
(i) Sheep, Goats and Dogs.—Table I appended to the report gives
the mortality statistics of these animals. Altogether 554 deaths of sheep
goats and dogs were reported and of these 39 represent cases of rabies in
dogs and one case of anthrax in goats. Twenty-nine animals died of other
contagious and parasitic diseases. In addition to these 148 sheep, 270
goats and 67 dogs died of other causes.
(j) Avian.—Fourty-eight deaths out of 221 attacked in 3 outbreaks
of fowl pox were recorded. There were 6 deaths from Fowl cholera in
4 outbreaks affecting 22 birds.
PREVENTIVE INOCULATIONS.
61. Protection to animals by all the known methods of inoculation
continued to be given by the staff with zeal and energy. Altogther
6,49,085 cattle were immunised against one disease or another. The
figure shows a decrease of 42,780 as compared with the corresponding figure
(6,91,865) for the last year which is accounted for by a fall in the number
of outbreaks of rinderpest during the year under report. The work was
undertaken in 678 outbreaks which occurred in 697 villages with a total
bovine population of 813,456. 3,147 non-inoculated animals died during
the course of outbreaks while only 317 deaths were recorded among the
inoculated, the percentage being .64.
In addition to the above 122 horses were protected with anthrax
serum and anthrax spore vaccine.
The total is comprised by 266,817 inoculations in North Bihar
Range, 223,878 in Centra Range, 155,997 in Chota Nagpur Sub-Range
and 2,393 in the Government Cattle Farm, Patna. Details of figures
district by district is shown in table II.
(i) Rinderpest.—Protection against this disease was afforded by
three methods, viz., by " serum alone ", " serum simultaneous " as also by
the increasingly popular " Goat Tissue Virus ' method.
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(a) Serum alone
method.—Altogether
31,307 animals
were
protected by this method as compared with 100,216 of the previous year.
The fall in number is attributed to the adoption of the Goat Tissue Virus
method on a wider scale. Twenty-seven deaths were recorded among the
inoculated animals.
(b) Serum simultaneous method.—During the year under report
802 animals were immunised by this method in Chota Nagpur Sub-Range
and only 2 deaths were recorded.
(c) Goat Tissue Virus method.—Protection by this method was
given on a wider scale in all the districts in actual as well as absence
of outbreaks as a result of which as many as 549,769 animals were
immunised as compared with 482,802 animals during the previous
year.
Of the total number 232,498 animals were protected in North Bihar
Range, 178,948 in Central Range and 138,323 in Chota Nagpur Sub-
Range. The district figures worth a mention are 52,739 for Champaran,
48,336 for Hazaribagh, 47,910 for Shahabad, 47,679 for Purnea and
40,562 for Gaya. Only 273 animals died of complications that set in
following inoculations.
The experimental work done by the (Veterinary) Disease Investigation
Officer is shown under " Investigation of Diseases ".
(ii) Hæmorrhagio septicæmia.—There was a pressing demand for
protection of animals against this disease which was prevalent in all the
districts of the Province. Altogether 40,563 animals were protected with
serum in 203 outbreaks as compared with 70,015 animals protected in
323 outbreaks during the previous year. Only five deaths were recorded
among the inoculated animals showing a percentage mortality of .01.
In addition protection was also given with hæmorrhagic septicæmia
vaccine to 3,536 animals without any casualty.
(iii) Anthrax.—Altogether 10,239 bovines were inoculated with anti
anthrax serum in 67 outbreaks as compared with 9,907 protected in
55 outbreaks in the previous year. Only nine deaths were recorded
among the inoculated animals. In addition 122 equines were protected and
of these 47 were immunised with " Spore vaccine ".
(iv) Black-Quarter.— Both products, viz., " Serum " and " Vaccine "
were used in giving protection to animals against this disease. Altogether
10,312 animals were immunised in 25 outbreaks as compared with 10,057
done in a similar number of outbreaks of the previous year with only
one fatality. This year's figures include 553 animals of the Government
Cattle Farm, Patna.
SERA AND VACCINES.
Sera and vaccines to the value of Rs. 39,688-6 0 were obtained during
the year from the Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, Muktesar and
lzatnagar, and also from the Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, for
supply to customers through the serum depots at Patna, Muzaffarpur
and Ranchi.
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As usual strict economy was exercised both in the supply and expen-
diture of serum and special efforts were made to recover the cost from the
consumers.
Out of the total sum due on account of cost of sera and vaccines, viz.,
Rs. 75,814-2-7 a sum of Rs. 44,126-4-11 was recovered and credited to
Government leaving a balance of Rs. 31,687-13-8 outstanding on the
1st April 1941.
The manufacture of Goat Tissue Virus at the Bihar Veterinary
College Laboratory which is made available to the staff with more despatch
and at a much cheaper rate than Rinderpest Serum hitherto obtained from
the Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, Muktesar, has made its use
on a much wider scale throughout the year possible. This has effected
a considerable saving in the expenditure on sera and vaccines to the
local bodies.
VETERINARY INSTITUTIONS.
62. Veterinary Hospitals.—The number of Veterinary hospitals
remained at 29. It is satisfactory to note that the District Board,
Shahabad, sanctioned the establishment of a hospital at Sasaram towards
the end of the year and the new hospital has been opened with effect from
the 1st April 1941, in the buildings already constructed by the Board
several years ago.
63. Veterinary Dispensaries. —Every effort was made to increase the
number of dispensaries but the local bodies reported their inability to take
on fresh financial liabilities. It appears that the saturation point has been
reached with regard to the establishment of these institutions as far as
local bodies are concerned, and as the needs of the raiyats have not even
been half satisfied, Government will have to reconsider their policy of
making contributions and to some extent take on full responsibility for
creation and maintenance of new dispensaries.
The District Boards of Shahabad and Champaran sanctioned the
establishment of an additional dispensary for each of the Sasaram and
Motihari Sadr Subdivisions as promised last year and the new dispensaries
have been opened at Kochas and Ararej. The latter dispensary has,
however, been sanctioned on a temporary basis for one year, the question
of its being placed on a permanent basis is now under the consideration
of Government. The District Board, Purnea, have also decided to continue
the additional (third and fourth) dispensaries in Sadr Subdivision on
a permanent basis. The term of the third dispensary opened in Hazaribagh
Sadr Subdivision last year was extended for six months. The additional
dispensary for the Supaul Subdivision of Bhagalpur district mentioned in
the previous year's report remained un-filled. The proposals for opening
an additional dispensary in each of the Khunti and Samastipur Subdivi-
sions and also one under the Hazaribagh Mines Board did not materialise,
The number of dispensaries at the end of the year was 100.
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64. Rural Field Veterinary Dispensaries.—With a view to meet the
growing demand of livestock owners in mofassil a third Field Veterinary
dispensary was opened as an experimental measure in the jurisdiction of
some of the Touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeons. These dispensaries
had to be closed down as it was not possible for the staff to visit them
regularly without detriment to their routine normal duties. As stated in
last year's report further expansion in this direction will be in direct ratio
to the increase in staff. There were 190 Rural Field dispensaries at work
at the end of the year as against 199 in the previous year. Altogether
214,947 fresh cases (including 62,098 castrations) were treated at these
centres as compared with 205,096 cases of 1939-40. In addition 3,787
old cases were supplied with medicines. It is gratifying to note that these
centres continue to attract more cases.
65. Number of patients treated at hospitals.— During the year under
report altogether 119,958 in and out-patients wore treated at the 29 District
Veterinary hospitals including those at Dinapore, Jamui, Daltonganj and
Lohardaga and the Bihar Veterinary College hospital, Patna, as compared
with 117,319 patients treated in 1939-40. In addition 26,937 castrations
were performed and 21,715 patients not brought to hospitals were supplied
with medicines as compared with 24,340 castrations performed and 16,834
patients supplied with medicines during 1939-40. For the sustained
increase in work the staff deserves every credit.
66. Number of patients treated at dispensaries.—The number of
cases treated by touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeons both at head-
quarters and in mufassal was 458,061 as against 429,847 of the previous
year. Of the total number 16,558 cases were treated for contagious and
337,954 non-contagious diseases while 103,549 represent castrations.
The itinerant staff visited 60,267 villages during the year as against last
year's 58,719. In addition 15,257 old cases were treated.
Details of work done by the Touring staff are shown in Table IV.
67. Construction and repair of Veterinary Institutions.—Although
an extension of the Muzaffarpur Veterinary Hospital buildings is urgently
needed as stated in last year's report, the District Board could not provide
necessary funds for same on financial grounds. The proposal for the
construction of a shed for cruelty cases in this hospital with some aid from
the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is under consideration.
During the year steps have been taken by the District Boards concerned
to repair the buildings of the Islampur and Behera dispensaries. For want
of suitable premises at Dhanaha or its vicinity, the question of shifting
the newly opened dispensary to a more central place at Chakia is receiving
attention. The proposal for transferring the vacant excise buildings at
Daudnagar to the District Board, Gaya, for housing the Veterinary
dispensary is under consideration. For want of funds work on the con-
struction of new buildings for the Government Veterinary dispensary,
Simdega, could not be taken up during the year.
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CHAPTER IV.
BREEDING OPERATIONS.
68. Control of livestock improvement.—Only the control of breeding
at the Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, Patna, remained with this Depart-
ment,
69. Stud Bulls.—At the end of the year there were 60 bulls at stud
in the Province including the figures of the Agricultural Department
maintained at a cost of Rs. 6,789 only. Particulars are shown in
Table VI A.
There is a great necessity of increasing the number of approved bulls
for the improvement of livestock. It would appear from the table that
the bulls at stud are being utilized increasingly.
At the end of the year there were 59 approved male buffaloes at stud
as shown in Table VI B. The table includes figures for the Agricultural
Department.
70. Castrations.—As an aid to improvement of the livestock 130,347
scrub bulls were castrated by the staff during the year as against 124,581
of the previous year. 139 Equines were also castrated.
CATTLE FARM.
CATTLE BREEDING AND DAIRY FARM, PATNA.
71. Supervision.—Dr. A. C. Chaudhury, Professor of Hygiene
Dietetics and Animal Husbandry, Bihar Veterinary College, supervised
the work of the Farm throughout the year.
Babu M. M. Banerji, Veterinary Inspector, worked as tomporary
Farm Manager up to 2nd Septamber 1940, when he was transferred to
the Department on relief by Babu A. Rathore, B.SC. (Agri.) who
remained in charge up to the end of the year.
72. Livestock.—On the 1st April 1940, the Farm herd consisted of
11 Desi cows, 150 Tharparkar cows, 144 Tharparkar male calves. 195
Tharparkar female calves, 15 cross-bred male calves, 10 cross-bred female
calves, 55 bullocks, 11 Tharparkar bulls and 1 cross-bred bull and
1 pony or a total of 593 animals. During the year 57 Tharparkar male
calves, 74 Tharparkar female calves, 6 cross-bred male calves and
1 cross-bred female calf were born on the farm and 1 Tharparkar bull was
received back from the Veterinary College Hospital raising the total to
732. Out of this number there were 37 casualties, 144 animals were
sold and 7 animals were sent to Pinjrapole bringing down the total
strength of the herd to 544 on the last day of the year as shown in
Table XVI.
Out of 144 animals sold 8 Tharparkar bulls were supplied to district
boards and local bodies in Bihar and 1 Tharparkar bull was sold to the
Nilgiri State.