NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
130
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
vaccine is employed, but careful enquiry has shown that the
use of calf lymph is very considerable, and is steadily increas-
ing in the different provinces of India. As, however, bovine
lymph has been in use only during the last ten years, to give
those who raised the cry the best of the argument, this fact
will be neglected in the following lines, and it will be assumed
that the operation is practised with human lymph only and
from arm to arm.
Again, it must not be forgotten that as yet vaccination is
by no means generally introduced into India. What percent-
age of the population has been vaccinated, it is difficult to say,
but on enquiry from the most trustworthy sources, it is found
to be the general belief that less than ten per cent, of the
whole population are so protected.
The Commissioners have, in a great number of cases,
questioned the lepers on this point, but the result obtained
by them cannot be taken as trustworthy evidence, because
they had to rely on the answers of uneducated people to ques-
tions often asked through an interpreter. An examination of
the vaccination marks frequently conveyed no information, for
the cutaneous leprous lesions often so completely change or
obliterate the scar, that it is impossible to say whether the
patient has been vaccinated or not. The native's idea of vac-
cination is very indefinite, for he understands by the term
" tika" any process leaving a scar on his body, and such oper-
ations are widely practised by the hakims and baids. The
only admissible evidence, therefore, is to be found in the sta-
tistical returns of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Govern-
ment of India. Here again it must be remembered that the
returns of native vaccinators are not absolutely trustworthy,
for being obliged to submit a definite monthly return, they are
very apt to increase this by recording fictitious cases.
This is mentioned to show that the figures obtainable
from the Sanitary Commissioner's Report err rather on the
side of overestimating the number of people vaccinated, that
Distribution of Leprosy.
131
is, the number of people who according to some anti-vaccina-
tionists have run the risk of acquiring such diseases as syphilis
or leprosy.
It appears that during the year 1889-90 of 199,638,558
individuals only 2.9 per cent, were vaccinated, and this ratio
has never been exceeded since the institution of vaccination.
Were the operation generally practised, this ratio should be
much higher, considering that vaccination is still in its infancy
in India.
Of the six millions vaccinated in India during 1889-1890
about five millions were infants. The number of vaccinations
annually performed has gradually increased from two millions
in 1871-1872 to six millions in 1889-1890, and the ratio ob-
tained for the latter period is the highest yet reached. Ever
since the official introduction of vaccination into India, chil-
dren under six years of age have supplied the greatest number
to the vaccinators. Now the death-rate of infants is extremely
high and has always been so. Considering, therefore, that
since the institution of vaccination never more than three per
cent, of the total population have been operated upon during
any one year, that of this number more than 75 per cent, are
always infants, and that the mortality among the latter is very
high, it is by no means improbable that at the present time
less than ten per cent, of the total population in India are
actually vaccinated.
The following statement will also show to what a small
extent vaccination is as yet practised in India. "In England
and Wales of 886,198 births returned to the Board by the
several vaccination officers, as registered during the year 1887,
the number which at the time the return was made had been
registered as successfully vaccinated was 733,986, or 82.8
per cent. of the whole, and if revaccinations are included,
this percentage rises to 91.9 " 48 In India, on the other
( 48 ) Nineteenth Annual Report of the Local Government Board. Supplement.
Appendix A., No. 1, page 1..
K2
132
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
hand, estimating the births at forty per one thousand of the
population, the average percentage of annual estimated births
successfully vaccinated amounts only to about thirty per cent.
(1889-1890) :—
PROVINCE.
B e n g a l
........
N o r t h - W e s t e r n P r o v i n c e s a n d O u d h
P u n j a b
........
C e n t r a l
P r o v i n c e s . . . . . . .
B e r a r
.........
L o w e r B u r m a
.......
A s s a m
........
M a d r a s
........
B o m b a y
........
Percentage of annual
estimated births suc-
cessfully vaccinated
(1889-1890).
12.3
18.4
63.9
47. 4
78.3
11.1
8.3
14.3
58.1
Having shown that only a comparatively small number of
the natives are as yet vaccinated, an enquiry will be made into
the danger of diffusing leprosy through this channel :—
(a) It must be remembered, that as this will be fur-
ther discussed in Chapter V, leprosy is not a
disease which, like syphilis, can easily and with
certainty be transmitted by a single inoculation.
(b) Taking the births only, not more than about
thirty per cent, are annually successfully vac-
cinated in their first year, and probably not
more than forty per cent, of the children are
vaccinated in their first six years. With a
population of two hundred millions and a
birth-rate of 3.4 per cent., in the specified
provinces about two-and-a-half million children
are vaccinated in their first year, and two-and-
three-quarter millions in their first six years, so
Distribution of Leprosy.
133
that only about two-and-three-quarter millions
expose themselves to the possible risk of acquir-
ing leprosy by means of vaccination.
{c) To be infected these children must have been vac-
cinated from a leper child. Now leprosy is found
in about one out of two thousand individuals of
all ages, and it is certainly not found as often as
in one out of one hundred thousand cases at an
infantile period.
(d) Lastly, the error of using lymph from a leprous
child, especially as the disease is easily recog-
nised, must occur extremely seldom.
The chances, therefore, of leprosy being spread in this
manner must be very small indeed, if at all conceivable. Vac-
cination is becoming more popular every year, and yet leprosy
has not increased, but rather decreased since the last enumera-
tion: that " recrudescence," assumed by many, has not taken
place, so far as the census figures show. The latter, however,
have always been employed as evidence by those who con-
demned vaccination or clamoured for compulsory segregation.
Lastly, reference must be made to some important evidence
which has lately become public. Surgeon-Major Pringle, in a
paper on " Vaccination and Leprosy " read before the late
Congress of Hygiene and Demography, stated that for a period
of twenty years from 1864 to 1884, when Deputy Sanitary
Commissioner in the North-Western Provinces, he had spent five
months each year in camp in the hill districts of Kumaun and
British Garhwal. He estimated that during these twenty years
he had vaccinated about two million persons, but he had never
seen a case of leprosy traceable to vaccination, and had never
heard of its happening, though natives of those districts were
ready with objections and reasons for not having their children
vaccinated.
Dr. Pringle also stated that during his tenure of office he
was in the habit at the end of the hot weather of bringing
134
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
vaccine lymph down from British Garhwal, a markedly leprous
district, and using it for vaccinating in that part of the plains
included between the rivers Ganges and Jumna. Now, the first
census returns (1867-72) show that, whereas the proportion of
lepers in British Garhwal was 24.0 per ten thousand, that in the
plains between the rivers was only 2.25 to 2.5 per ten thousand.
Here, then, is an approximation to a scientific experiment.
Children in a district where leprosy is comparatively rare are
vaccinated with lymph from a district where leprosy is many
times more common. If vaccination were responsible for
spreading leprosy, an increase of the disease in this particular
part of India might justly be expected.
As a matter of fact, however, on comparing the census
returns for the districts in question, the following will be found
to be the facts :—
British Garhwal.
1867-72 . 24.0 per 10,000
1881
. 18.1 per 10.000
1891
. I6.9 per 10,000
District between the Ganges
and Jumna.
2.25 to 2.5 per 10,000
2 25 to 2.5 per 10,000
1.5 to 2.0 per 10,000
Thus not only has leprosy fallen in British Garhwal from
24.0 to 16.9 per ten thousand, but in the district vaccinated with
lymph from British Garhwal the proportion of lepers has
remained stationary, if not decreased.
As Dr. Pringle was on duty, as stated above, from 1864
to 1884, and the number vaccinated with his lymph was
gradually accumulating all these years, even allowing for
removal by death and other counteracting influences, such as
the diminution of leprosy in British Garhwal, it should be
expected that by 1881 and 1891 the figures would show some
evidence of the increase of leprosy which is alleged to follow
the use of lymph collected in leprous districts. This increase,
however, does not appear in the census returns.
In conclusion, those who accuse vaccination of spreading
leprosy must first ensure the correctness of their major premise
Distribution of Leprosy.
135
that leprosy has increased. It may be said that they argued
exclusively from the first two censuses. But even then it will
be seen that these establish a decrease of leprosy in Burma,
Bombay, the Punjab, and Oudh. Again, the conditions under
which vaccination is practised in India should be carefully
studied as to how far animal and how far human lymph is
employed, and whether leprosy has increased in those provin-
ces or districts in which the human lymph is used. Lastly»
they must bring the positive proof that leprosy is capable of
being transmitted by such a form of inoculation as is implied in
vaccination. The onus probandi necessarily rests with those
who make the accusation, and until a series of positive cases,
free from all doubt and objection, can be demonstrated, the
statement that leprosy is diffused by vaccination must be
regarded as devoid of scientific value.
Concluding Remarks.
It has been maintained by many writers that leprosy in
British India is on the increase. Medical and lay papers agree
on this point. Thus the British Medical Journal 49 asserts that
the number of lepers has been increasing at the rate of thirty
thousand every ten years, and that during the last decennium
the rate of increase is supposed to have been even higher.
That this is not so has been already shown.
The number of lepers has been estimated at two hundred
and fifty thousand. 50 The only means of testing this is a
comparison of the census returns. Now, according to the
first census for British India, the number amounted to about
a hundred thousand, and for 1881 it was one hundred and
twenty thousand, while for 1891 it is about one hundred and
ten thousand. As shown in the general remarks, from five to
ten per cent, may justly be subtracted, so that from a hundred
( 49 ) British Medical Journal, September 13th, 1890.
( 50 ) Journal of the Leprosy Investigation Committee, No. 1.
136
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
thousand to one hundred and five thousand would fairly accu-
rately represent the leper population for British India.
From the consideration of the leper distribution according
to the three censuses, it is evident that the alarm about the
increase of leprosy in British India is altogether groundless ;
in fact, that the figures available, unfortunately consisting
only of three sets, point strongly to a decrease among these
unfortunate people, in any case to the disease being at a
standstill.
Again, the number of lepers has been greatly
overstated, a hundred and ten thousand being perhaps nearest
the truth. Leprosy cannot, therefore, be regarded in the light
of an " Imperial Danger."
In the following appendix full information regarding the
leper population will be found. As at the time of writing the
returns for 1891 had not been fully revised, a few inaccuracies
may perhaps have found their way into the third part of the
appendix ; they will, however, be slight and hardly affect the
ratios.
The Commissioners take this opportunity of recording their
appreciation of the assistance afforded by their clerk, Lala Atar
Chand, in the preparation of these statistical tables.
Distribution of Lepers, etc, 1867—72.
137
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER III.
Distribution of Lepers in the various Provinces of
India according to the three Census Returns.
I N a few instances the figures in this Appendix disagree
with the returns of the Imperial Census Reports. As,
however, the latter often include in their totals areas where
no leper census was taken, and such areas have been carefully
omitted here, and again as the official returns were otherwise
checked, such discrepancies are only apparent. In the Assam
census of 1881, for instance, no special attention was paid
to infirmities in the Naga and Garo Hill districts, and the
se were consequently left out. Again, in Bengal, no informa-
tion regarding the Chittagong Hill Tracts was available.
These examples may suffice. It is, of course, quite possible,
and even probable, while dealing with so great a mass of
figures and ratios, that a few errors and omissions have
escaped detection, out these will be so slight as not to affect
the arguments in the text.
138
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
Distribution of Lepers in the various Provinces of India according
to the Census of 1867—72.
(a) By Divisions.
Name of Province
or Presidency.
Bengal . . (
\
Assam .
Division.
Burdwan
.
.
Presidency .
Rajshahye .
Cooch Behar
Dacca
Chittagong .
TOTAL FOR BENGAL
PROPER
Patna
Bhagalpur .
TOTAL FOR BEHAR
Orissa
.
TOTAL FOR ORISSA
Chota Nagpur* .
TOTAL FOR CHOTA
NAGPUR
TOTAL FOR BENGAL
Assam
TOTAL FOR BENGAL
INCLUDING ASSAK
Year,
of
Census
00
1872
Total
Population
on which the
Lepers-ratios
have been
calculated.
7,286,957
6,545,464
8,893,738
422,697
9,517,498
3,444,874
36,111,228
13,122,743
6,613,358
19,736,101
4,317,999
4,317,999
2,182,468
2,182,468
62,347,796
1,879,650
64,227,446
Total
number of
Lepers.
12,081
3682
6,182
244
5,209
915
28,403
5,742
2,031
7,773
1,077
1,077
567
567
37,820
38 129
Propor-
tion per
10,000
of popu-
lation.
16·5
5·6
69
57
5·5
2·6
7·8
4·3
3·0
3·9
2·4
2·4.
2·5
2·5
6·0
1·6
5·9
REMARKS.
* No returns of infirmities were made from the Lohardugga District or the Tribulaiy Mehals,
Distribution of Lepers, etc, 1867—72.
139
Name of Province
or Presidency.
North-
Western
Provinces.
(
Oudh .
. (
Punjab
Central
Provinces.
Division.
Meerut
.
Rohilcund .
Agra .
.
.
Jhansi
Allahabad .
Benares
.
Kumaun
.
TOTAL FOR NORTH-
WESTERN PROV-
INCES
Lucknow
.
Rae Bareli .
Fyzabad
Sitapur
TOTAL FOR OUDH .
TOTAL FOR NORTH
WESTERN PROV-
INCES AND OUDH
Delhi .
Hissir
Umballa
Jullundur
Amritsar
Lahore
Rawalpindi .
Mooltan
Derajat
Peshawar
TOTAL FOR THE
PUNJAB
Nagpur
.
Jubbulpore .
Nerbadda •
Year
of
Census
1872
1869
1868
CO
Total
Population
on which the
Leper-ratios
have been
calculated.
4,973,190
5,435,550
5,038,136
934,747
5,466,116
8,178,147
743,170
30,769,056
2,570,950
2,648,950
3,379,262
2,604,882
11,204,044
41,973,100
1,916,423
1,232,435
1,652,728
2,477,536
2,743,8So
1,889,495
2,197,387
1,474,574
991,251
1,035,789
17,611,498
2,280,081
1,946,574
1,590,907
Total
number of
Lepers.
1,463
2,256
1,145
211
1,828
1,625
1,571
10,099
1,758
1,854
2,364
1,855
7,831
17,930
1,273
605
1,524
2,758
1,774
633
1,613
452
153
204
10,989
892
137
550
Propor-
tion per
10,000
of popu-
lation.
2.9
4.2
2.2
2*2
3.3
1.9
21.1
3.2
6.8
69
6.9
7."i
6.9
4.2
6.6
4.9
9.2
11.1
6.4
3.3
7.3
3.0
1.5
1.9
62
3.9
3.4
REMARKS,
140
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
Name of Province
or Presidency.
Central
Provinces—
contd.
Berar .
Madras
.
Division.
Chhattisgarh
Upper Godavari .
TOTAL FOR BRITISH
DISTRICTS.
Total for Feudatory
States
TOTAL FOR THE
CENTRAL PROV-
INCES, INCLUDING
FEUDATORY
STATES
.
Berar .
GRAND TOTAL FOR,
THE PRESIDENCY
OF BENGAL
British
Territory.
Feudatory
States .
TOTAL.
Ganjam
.
Vizagapatam
Godavari .
.
Kistna
Nellore
Cuddapah
Bellary
Kurnool
Chingleput .
North Arcot
South Arcot.
Tanjore
Trinchinopoly
Madura
Tinneveliy ,
Coimbatore
Nilgiris
Salem
South Canara
Year
of
Census.
1868
1867
1871
Total
Population
on which the
Leper-ratios
have been
calculated.
2,331,837
52,120
8,201,519
1,040,710
9,251,229
2,231,565
134,245,128
1,049,710
135,29,838
1,388,976*
1,844,711+
1,592,939
1,452,374
1,376,811
1,351,194
1,668,006
959,640
938,184
2,015,278
1,755,817
1,973,731
1,200,408
2,266,615
1,693,959
1,763,274
49 501
1,966,995
918,362
Total
number of
Lepers.
629
10
2,218
589
2,807
1,432
70,698
589
'71,287
698
586
654
517
545
405
631
349
580
1,253
849
1,430
343
659
810
399
41
554
748
Propor-
:ion per
10,000
of popu-
lation.
26
1.9
27
5.6
3.0
6.4
5.2
5.6
5.2
5'°3
1
4.1
3.5
39
2.9
37
36
6.1
6.2
4.8
72
2.8
2.9
47
2.2
8.2
2.8
8.1
REMARKS.
* Exclusive of the population of Maliah villages.
t Exclusive of the population of Jeypore.
Distribution of Lepers, etc, 1867—72.
141
Name of Province
or Presidency.
Madras—
contd.
British
Burma . 1
Bombay
.
Mysore
Coorg .
Division.
Malabar
Madras
TOTAL FOR BRITISH
DISTRICTS
Total for Feudatory
States
TOTAL FOR THE
MADRAS
PRESI-
DENCY, INCLUD-
ING FEUDATORY
STATES
Arakan
.
Pegu .
Tenasserim .
.
TOTAL FOR BRITISH
BURMA
Deccan
Konkan
,
Gujarat
.
Sind .
TOTAL FOR THE
BRITISH
DIS-
TRICTS OF BOM-
BAY .
Total for Bombay
Feudatory States
TOTAL OF BOMBAY
PRESIDENCY, IN
CLUDING FEUDA-
TORY STATES
Mysore
Coorg
Grand Total for
India, British
Territory
Grand Total for
India, Feuda.
tory States
Grand Total for
India, including
Feudatory State
Year
o£
Census
r1971
1872
187I
187I
Total
Population
on which the
Leper-ratios
have been
calculated.
2,261,250
397.552
30,835,577
316,695
31,152,272
484,363
1,662,058
600,727
2,747,148
7,966,061
3»259,776
2,810,522
2,192,415
16,228,774
7,634,413
23863,187
5,055,412
168,312
184,056,627
14,224,542
198,281,169
Total
number of
Lepers,
1,378
418
13847
91
13.944
185
2,072
946
3,203
9,246
2,753
1,534
309
13,842
4,952
18,794
1,497
82
101,590
7,217
108,807
Propor-
ion per
10,000
popu-
lation.
6.0
10.5
4.4
3.0
4.4
3.8
12.4
15.7
11.6
11.6
8.4
5.4
1.4
8.5
6.4
7.8
2.9
4.8
5.5
5.0
54
REMARKS.
The return for the military
and civil can-
tonments and
the railways
have been ex-
cluded to ob-
viate
confu-
sion,
They
will, however,
be found fur-
ther on in the
more detailed
statement.
142
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
Distribution of Lepers in the various Provinces of India according
to the Census of 1867-72 —contd.
(ó) By Districts.
DIVISION.
Burdwan
Presiden-
cy.
a jshahye
Cooch
Behar.
District.
Bengal.
Burdwan .
Bankoora
Beerbhoom
Midnapore
Hooghly, with
Howrah.
TOTAL FOR BURD-
WAN DIVISION .
24-Pergunnahs .
Calcutta .
Nuddea .
Jessore
TOTAL
FOR
PRESIDENCY
.
Moorshedabad .
Dinagepore
Mal da
Rajshahye
Rungpore.
.
Bogra
.
Pubna
TOTAL
FOR
RAJSHAHYE
Darjeeling
Jalpaiguri.
TOTAL
FOR
COOCH BEHAR.
Total
Population
on which the
Leper-ratios
have been
calculated.
2,034,745
526,772
695,921
2,540,963
1,488,556
7,286,957
2,210,047
447,601
1,812,795
2,075,021
6,545,464
1,353,626
1,501,924
676,426
1,310,729
2,149,972
689,467
1,211,594
8,893,738
94,712
327,985
422,697
Total
number of
Lepers.
4,604
1.578
2,872
2,127
900
12,081
890
324
1,762
706
3,6S2
1,776
573
355
274
2,302
387
515
6,182
95
149
244
Propor-
tion per
10,000
of popu.
lation
22.6
29.9
41.2
8.3
6.o
16.5
4.0
7'2
97
34
5.6
13.1
3.8
5.2
2.0
10.7
5.6
4.2
6.9
10.0
4.5
57
REMARKS.
Distribution of Lepers, etc., 1867—72.
143
DIVISION.
Dacca
V
Chitta-
gong,
Patna
.
Bhagalpur
(
District,
Bengal—contd.
Dacca
Furreedpore
Backergunge
Mymensingh
Sylhet
Cachar
TOTAL FOR DACCA
Chittagoiig
Noakholly
Tipperah .
Chittagong Hill
Tracts .
TOTAL
FOR
CHITTAGONG .
TOTAL FOR BEN-
GAL PROPER
Patna
Gya
Shahabad
Tirhoot .
Sarun
Chumparun
TOTAL
FOR
PATNA .
Monghyr .
Bhagalpur
Purneah .
Sonthal Pergun
nahs
TOTAL
FOR
BHAGALPUR .
TOTAL
FOR
BEHAR .
Total
Population
n which the
Leper-ratios
have been
calculated.
1,.852,93
1,012,589
2>377.433
2,349.917
1,719,539
205,027
9,517,498
1,127,402
713,934
1,533,931
69,607
3,444,874
36,111,228
1,559,638
1,949,750
1,723.974
4,384,706
2,063,860
1,440,815
13,122,743
1,812,986
1,826,290
1,714,795
1,259,287
6,613,358
19,736,101
Total
number of
Lepers.
852
417
439
1,762
1,732
97
5,299
227
55
633
91 5
28,403
653
1,912
1,045
1,138
689
305
5,742
549
582
385
515
2031
7.773
Propor-
on per
10,000
popu-
lation.
4*5
4.'1
1.8
7.4
10.0
47
5.5
2.O
.7
4.1
...
2.6
78
7.1
9.-8
6.0
2.5
3.3
2.1
4.3
30
3.1
2.2
4.0
3.0
3.9
REMARKS.
144
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
DIVISION.
Orissa
Chota
Nagpur.
Assam
District.
Bengal—concld.
Cuttack .
Pooree
Balasore .
Tributary Mehals
TOTAL
FOR
OKISSA
Hazaribagh
.
Singhbhoom .
Manbhoom
TOTAL
FOR
CHOTA NAG-
PORE* .
.
TOTAL
FOR
BENGAL
Assam.
Goalpara .
.
Kamrup .
Darrang .
.
Nowgong.
Sibsagar .
Lakhimpur
TOIAL
FOR
ASSAM .
TOTAL
FOR
BENGAL,
IN-
CLUDING ASSAM
Total
Population
on which the
Leper-ratios
have been
calculated.
1,494,784
769,674
770,232
1,283,309
4,317,999
771,875
415,023
995,570
2,182,468
62,347.796
407,714
561,681
236,009
256,390
296,589
121,267
1,879,650
64,227,446
Total
number of
Lepers,
446
256
194
l8l
1,077
11
13
543
567
37,820
301
6
2
3°9
38,129
Propor-
tion per
10,000
of popu-
lation.
2.9
3.3
2.5
1.4
2.4
.1
.3
5.4
2.5
60
7.3
.1
•08
...
r6
5.9
REMARKS.
* No returns of infirmities were made from the Lohardugga District or the Tributary Mehals.
Distribution of Lepers, etc, 1867—72.
145
DIVISION.
Meerut
Rohilcund
Agra
Jhansi
District.
forth-Western
Provinces.
Dera Dun
Saharanpur
Muzaffarnagar
Meerut
Bulandshahr
Aligarh
TOTAL
FOR
MEERUT
Bijnor
.
.
Moradabad
Budaun
Bareilly
Shahjahanpur .
Tarai
TOTAL
FOR
ROHILCUND .
Muttra
Agra
Farukhabad
Mainpuri .
Etawah .
Etah
TOTAL FOR AGRA
Jalaun
.
Jhansi
Lalitpur .
TOTAL
FOR
JHANSI
Total
Population
on which the
Leper-ratios
lave been
calculated.
115,711
883,782
690,082
1,273,914
936,593
1,073,108
4,973,190
737,152
1,122,131
934,348
1,506,801
949,471
185,647
5,435,550
887,355
1,094,184
918,748
765,783
668,581
703,485
5,038,136
404,384
317,735
212,628
934,747
Total
umber of
Lepers.
220
95
227
305
376
240
1,463
193
649
431
421
540
22
2,256
122
320
163
94
59
387
1,145
123
58
30
211
Propor-
tion per
10,000
of popu-
lation.
19.0
1.0
3.2
2.3
4.0
2.2
2.9
26
57
4.6
27
5.6
1.1
4.2
1.3
2.9
1.7
V2
•8
5.5
2.2
3.0
1.8
1.4
2.2
REMARKS.
L
146
REPORT OF THE LEPROSY COMMISSION:
DIVISION.
Allahabad
Benares
Kumaun
District.
North-Western
Provinces
—contd.
Cawnpore
Fatehpur .
Banda
Allahabad
Hamirpur
Jaunpur •
TOTAL
FOR
ALLAHABAD .
Azamgarh
Mirzapur .
Benares .
Ghazipur •
Gorakhpur
Basti
TOTAL
FOR
BENARES
Kumaun •
Garhwal .
TOTAL
FOR
KUMAUN
TOTAL FOR THE
NORTH-WEST-
ERN PROVINCE
Total
Population
on which the
Leper-ratios
have been
calculated.
1,155,439
663,815
697,611
1,394.245
529,137
1,025,869
5,466,116
1,531,410
1,015,293
793.699
1,345,401
2,019,350
1,472,994
8,178,147
432,888
310,282
743,170
30,769,056
Total
nmber of
Lepers.
219
140
918
173
291
87
1,828
169
200
285
371
465
135
1,625
824
;
747
1.571
10,099
Propor-
on pet
10,000
of Popu-
lation.
r8
2.1
13.1
1.2
5.4
.8
3.3
1.1
V9
3.5
2.7
2.3
.9
1.9
19.0
24.0
21.1
3.2
REMARKS.