NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
(The text of these notes is limited to 8 pages.)
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Para.
or state-
ment.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
I
II
III
IV
V
A
B
Subject.
Administration ... ... ... ...
General review ... ... ... ...
Strength of Vaccination Staff. Statement No.II ... ...
Total operations by all establishments Statement No. I. Summary...
Vaccination Staff—
(a) District Staff
...
... ... ...
(b) Municipal Staff ... ... ... ...
(c) Special Staff ... ... ... ...
(d) Dispensary Staff ... ... ... ...
(e) Cantonment Staff ... ... ... ...
(f) Railway Employees ... ... ... ...
Small-pox Inoculation ... ... ... ...
Cost of Vaccination. Statement No.II ... ... ...
Success of Vaccination. Statement No. I ... ...
Vaccination in Indian States ... ... ... ...
Vaccination Inspections. Statement No. V ... ...
Vaccine Wallet ... ... ... ...
Diagram ... ... ... ...
Punjab Vaccine Institute ... ... ... ...
Conclusion ... ... ... ...
ANNUAL FORMS.
Statement showing particulars of vaccination in the Punjab Province
during the year 1928-29.
Apppendix to Statement No. I.—Showing the details of the vaccination
operations performed by the Special and Cantonment Staffs accord-
ing to localities during the year 1928-29.
Statement showing the cost of the Department in the Punjab Pro-
vince during the year 1928-29.
Cancelled and incorporated in Statement No. I
Comparative Statement showing the number of persons primarily
vaccinated and the number of those persons who were successfully
vaccinated in the Punjab in each of the undermentioned official
years.
Statement showing total number of primary and re-vaccinations
performed and number inspected by Civil Surgeons, District Health
Officers and Superintendents of Vaccination or other inspecting
officers, the percentages of those inspected, together with the per-
centages of cases found successful by them as contrasted with
percentages reported by the Vaccinators in each district of the
Punjab during the year 1928-29.
APPENDICES.
Statement showing the annual number of successful vaccinations, and
the annual ratio of deaths from small-pox per 1,000 of population
in each district of the Punjab for five years ending 1928-29.
Statement showing particulars of glycerinate 1 vaccine supplied from
the Punjab Vaccine Institute during the year 1928-29.
Diagram showing the death rate from small-pox during the year 1928¬
29 the average rate of mortality from small-pox for the five
years ending 1927-28, and the proportion of successful Vaccinations
during the year 1928-29, and the preceding six years in each district
of the Punjab.
Pages.
1
1
3
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
9 9
9
10
ii
riii
ix
xi
xii
xiii
xv
No. 8448 (Public Health).
FROM
ALAN MITCHELL, ESQ., I.C.S.,
Secretary to Government, Punjab,
Transferred Departments,
To
THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH, PUNJAB.
Dated 10th March 1930.
Public Health.
SIR,
I AM directed by the Punjab Government (Ministry of Local
Self-Government) to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 19866,
dated the 8th October 1929, forwarding a copy of the Annual Vaccina-
tion Report for the year 1928-29 and to convey the following remarks.
2. The report of this year refers not only to the year 1928-29
but also to the period of three years ending on the 31st March 1929, and
many of the general features of the period in question have already been
noticed in connection with the report of the previous year Government
note with interest that the progress of vaccination, as evidenced both
by the number of successful primary vaccinations and the number of
re-vaccinations, has shown steady and substantial progress throughout
the three years in question. The figures for 1926-27 showed a consid-
erable increase over the average of the previous three years, and each of
the two succeeding years has shown an even more marked increase over
its predecessor. While these figures give cause for satisfaction, it is
observed that your report sounds two notes of caution—one, the
reference to the existence of a relatively large number of unprotected
adults in the population of the Province due to the decline of vaccination
during the war and the period immediately succeeding it, and the other,
the fact that a large number of susceptible individuals have been added
to the population by the high birth rate and low infant death rate of the
past three years. These two points show that while the present rate of
progress may be regarded with some satisfaction, no stone must be left
unturned to prevent any relaxation of effort.
It would be interesting to trace the statistics of mortality from
smallpox from the earliest years for which the Public Health Depart-
ment has figures down to the present day and to see how far the decline
in the mortality figures has kept pace with the increase in the
number of vaccinators per 1,000 of the population, and it is suggested
that this might be done in a future report.
3. A reference was made last year to the advantages arising from
the adoption of the system whereby one vaccinator is allotted the area of
a particular police station as his sphere of duty, and Government are
glad to observe that efforts continue to be made by the department to
perfect this system, but agree with you that there is still considerable
leeway to be made up before the 343 district board vaccinators at pre-
sent employed are increased to equal the number of the 427 thanas. The
headquarters district of Lahore does not set a good example in having
ERRATA.
Annual Vaccination Report of the Punjab for 1928-29.
1. In paragraph 14, page 9, line l2 for " A war " read " Alwar ".
2. Statement No. II, against Assistant Director of Public Health, Rawalpindi Circle, sub-column 16
for "16,453-9-0 " read "16,453-9-6 ".
3. Statement No. V, against Assistant Director of Public Health, Rawalpindi Circle, sub-column
13 for " 92.33" read " 92.83 ".
46 DPH—413-11-3-30—SGPP Lahore.
No. 19866.
FROM
LT.-COL. C. A. GILL, D.P.H., I.M.S.,
Director of Public Health, Punjab,
To
ALAN MITCHELL, Esq., I.C.S.,
Offg. Secretary to Government, Punjab,
Transferred Departments.
Dated Simla, the 8th of October 1929.
Public Health.
SIR,
IN forwarding for the information of the Punjab Government
(Ministry of Local Self-Government) the annual vaccination statements
for the year 1928-29, I have the honour to submit a brief note regarding
the progress of vaccination during the year under review and during the
triennium ending on March 31st, 1929.
2. Administration.—The control of smallpox constitutes an in-
tegral part of the duties of the Public Health Department and conse-
quently the department is closely concerned in promoting the efficiency of
the arrangements in connection with vaccination. It is the duty of the
Director of Public Health to advise local bodies regarding the technical
measures designed to increase the efficiency of vaccination and generally
to supervise their execution, whilst Assistant Directors of Public Health
in charge of circles and Medical Officers of Health in charge of towns
and districts are responsible for promoting the official policy in the areas
under their respective charge. The Public Health Department also
undertakes the manufacture of vaccine lymph, the preparation of which
is entrusted to the Assistant Director of Public Health (Technical),
Vaccination, who, as officer in charge of the Punjab Vaccine Institute,
is responsible for the quality and quantity of the lymph issued by the
institute. The Assistant Director of Public Health (Technical). Vaccina-
tion, is also in administrative charge of the special staff of vaccinators,
who are either employed at the Vaccine Institute or in carrying out
vaccination in those Indian States that do not entertain their own staff
of vaccinators.
All vaccination establishments in British districts are, however,
employees of local bodies, and it thus comes about that, although officers
of the Public Health Department are generally responsible for the efficiency
of vaccination, they do not exercise direct control over the vaccination
staff, but function in an advisory capacity.
3. General Review.—As this report covers the triennial period
1926-29, it may be well, before commenting upon the statistical data
referring to the year 1928-29, to review the progress made in vaccination
during the past decennium.
The general state of vaccination during this period may best be
appraised by comparing the average annual number of persons successfully
vaccinated (primary vaccination) during the past three years with the
corresponding figures for preceding triennial periods. The figures are as
follows—
1867—1918 ... ...
1917 — 1920 ... ...
1920—1923 ... ...
1923—1926 ... ...
1926—1929 ... ...
507,165
559,263
586,387
638,697
715,389
(The vaccination year extends from November 1st to March 31st.)
8
9. Success of Vaccination (Statement No. I).—The degree of success
attained in the case of the primary vaccinations carried out by all estab-
lishments during the year under review was 97.26 per cent., as compared
with 97.85 per cent. in the preceding year and 97.79 per cent. in the year
1926-27. In the case of revaccination the figure for the year under review
is 69.32 per cent., as compared with 70.82 in the preceding year and
71.57 in the year 1926-27.
The results obtained by the various vaccination establishments
during the year under review and the two previous years were as
follows : —
—
District Staff ... ...
Municipal Staff ... ...
Special Staff ... ...
Dispensary staff
... ...
Cantonment Staff ... ...
1928-29.
Primary
Vaccinations.
97.22
98.28
98.44
97.33
Revaccina¬
tions.
68.86
72.00
75.50
77.63
1927-28.
Primary
Vaccination.
97.85
98.15
96.77
96.52
Revaccina¬
tions.
71.47
61.25
97.08
77.37
1926-27.
Primary
Vaccinations.
97.82
97.00
96.31
97.80
Revaccina¬
tions.
71.28
73.67
37.89
57.68
The figures call for no comment. The vaccine lymph prepared by
the Punjab Vaccine Institute is noted for its uniformly high potency.
Reports, however, show, as in previous years, that the vaccine issued at
the commencement of the vaccination season is apt to give poor results;
and, to obviate this occurrence in future, it has been arranged that the
lymph issued for use at the commencement of the vaccination season
shall be supplied from a stock prepared and stored at the Punjab Vaccine
Institute, Murree.
10. Vaccination in Indian States.—The reports received from those
Indian States which entertain their own vaccination establishment are
summarized below : —
State.
Patiala ... ... ... ...
Bahawalpur ... ... ... ...
Kapurthala ... ... ... ...
Jind ... ... ... ...
Farilkot ... ... ... ...
Nabha ... ... ... ...
VACCINATIONS.
Primary.
52,497
21,317
9,612
16,407
6,349
2,782
Revaccination.
25,428
324
1,475
279
1,524
127
SUCCESS-RATE.
Primary.
99.26
99.74
96.87
98.22
98.29
91.01
Revaccination.
78.28
82.70
75.25
19.35
51.48
97.50
These figures indicate a small general increase, as compared with
the previous year, in the number of primary vaccinations, and a decline,
due probably to the absence of smallpox in epidemic form, in the number
of revaccinations in Patiala. The extremely high success-rate in the
case of revaccination in the Nabha State is remarkable, as also is the poor
results of primary vaccination in this State.
10
tubes, each sufficient for the vaccination of about 50 persons, issued
during the last three years was as follows :—
District and Municipal Medical Officers of Health and
Civil Surgeons. ... ...
North-Western Frontier Province ... ...
Special Vaccination Staff ... ...
Punjab States ... ...
North-Western Railway ... ...
Military Department in India ... ...
Out of the Punjab ... ...
Total ... ...
1926-27
30,325
4,836
1,687
3,105
211
2,819
8,899
51,882
1927-28.
32,758
4,877
1,163
3,227
314
2,953
10,153
55,445
1928-29.
37,926
5,515
2,319
3,529
247
3,464
10,900
63,900
These figures show a steady increase in the demand for lymph, which,
as already stated, fully maintained its high reputation for potency—
a fact which reflects credit upon Khan Bahadur Dr. K. A. Rahman,
D.P.H. and Lieutenant H. C. Phillips, the Superintendent of the Institute.
15. Conclusion.—The triennium marks a steady and satisfactory
increase of vaccination, but it is clear that primary vaccination and
revaccination must become much more general before effective control
can be exercised over smallpox. It must be remembered that the disease
is much more prevalent than the official statistics suggest, and that segre-
gation in smallpox hospitals, owing to their absence, is impossible.
Vaccination and revaccination are, therefore, the sole means by
which protection can be obtained against this scourge. It is also neces-
sary to emphasize the fact that vaccination in infancy does not confer
lifelong protection, and it is largely due to ignorance of this fact
that complaints are made that cases, and even deaths, occur from
smallpox amongst adults. Much has been done by propaganda to
remove prevailing misconceptions regarding vaccination; but, although
vaccination is not unpopular, the attitude of the people towards small
pox, which is still regarded as an inevitable evil whose occurrence
should be hidden as long as possible, is a great obstacle to progress. The
disease is, in fact, rarely notified, even in municipal towns, and the
impropriety of allowing infected and infectious persons to appear in pub-
lic places is not realized. A striking illustration of this attitude occurred
recently in Lahore where the parents of a student, who,during the course
of a University examination, was found to be suffering from smallpox,
sued the University authorities for not permitting him to continue the
examination.
Apart from the education of the general public, the extension of
vaccination is mainly dependent upon an increase of the vaccination
establishments of local bodies, upon the enforcement of the Vaccination
Act and of the regulations framed under the Act; and last, but not least,
upon the willingness of local bodies to delegate disciplinary powers in
respect of the vaccination staff to their Medical Officers of Health. The
progress made during the past three years is almost solely due to the
11
efforts of these officers, amongst whom, special mention must be
made of Dr. G. R. Vohra, late District Medical Officer of Health, Kangra;
Dr. G. C. Sahgal, District Medical Officer of Health, Jullundur; Rai
Sahib Dr. Harnath Singh, District Medical Officer of Health, Karnal;
Dr. Jiwan Singh, District Medical Officer of Health, Dera Ghazi Khan ;
Dr. Riaz Ali Shah, District Medical Officer of Health, Muzaffargarh;
Dr. Wazir Singh, late District Medical Officer of Health, Ludhiana,
Muzaffargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan; Dr. Jaimal Singh, District Medical
Officer of Health, Amritsar; Rai Sahib Dr. M. J. Thakar, District Medical
Officer of Health, Gurgaon; and Dr. Des Raj Nayar, District Medical
Officer of Health, Shahpur.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient servant,
C. A. GILL,
LT.-COL., I.M.S.,
Director of Public Health, Punjab.
A.—VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT No. I.—SHOWING PARTICULARS OF VACCINATION IN THE PUNJAB
PROVINCE DURING THE YEAR 1928-29.
STATEMENT No. III.
CANCELLED AND INCORPORATED IN STATEMENT No. I.
xi
WHO WERE SUCCESSFULLY VACCINATED IN THE PUNJAB IN EACH OF THE UNDERMENTIONED OFFICIAL YEARS
PERSONS PRIMARILY VACCINATED.
ESTABLISHMENT.
Government
...
...
...
...
...
Municipal
...
...
...
...
...
Local (District and Cantonment) Fund
...
Indian States ... ... ... ... ...
Dispensaries ... ... ... ... ...
Total ...
Average total number.
Average number successfully vacci-
nated
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
YEAR ENDING 31ST MARCH.
1867 to 1918.
106,861
417,101
1,693
14,892
540,547
100,335
393,918
1,318
11,594
507,165
1919.
19,490
539,342
...
7,230
566,062
18,078
508,043
...
6,809
532,930
1920.
25,305
577,901
...
1,937
605,l43
22,397
539,791
...
1,807
563,995
1921.
23,628
625,884
...
1,426
650,938
19,230
573,893
...
1,294
594,417
1922.
21,834
602,081
...
1,164
625,079
17,634
557,660
...
1,064
576,358
1923.
22,145
625,957
...
951
649,053
17,217
570,328
...
841
588,386
1924.
28,648
644,735
...
820
674,203
24,633
597,630
...
723
622,986
1925.
26,184
643,867
...
589
670,640
23,987
597,402
...
573
621,962
1926.
35,201
708,116
...
3,845
747,162
31,475
636,195
...
3,473
671,143
1927.
17,063
701,513
...
1,752
720,328
15,240
640,254
...
1,542
657,036
1928.
16,617
746,488
...
1,989
765,094
14,597
688,803
...
1,769
705,169
1929.
33,259
823,812
...
1,912
858,983
30,177
751,959
...
1,826
783,962
NOTE.—The figures from 1867 to 1902 are taken from Annual Vaccination Reports of the Province as constituted during that period.
xv
APPENDIX B.
Statement showing particulars of glycerinated vaccine supplied from the
Punjab Vaccine Institute during the year 1928-29.
To whom supplied.
Civil Surgeons, Municipal and District Medical Officers of Health
in the Punjab.
North-West Frontier Province ... ... ...
Special Staff, Punjab ... ... ...
States in the Punjab ... ... ...
North Western Railway ... ... ...
Military Department in India
...
...
...
Out of the Punjab (Detail of the localities is given below) ...
Total ...
Total number of tubes
supplied.
37,926
5,515
2,319
3,529
247
3,464
10,900
63,900
Detail of the localities, situated outside the Province, which were supplied with
vaccine lymph from the Punjab Vaccine Institute during the year 1928-29.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Persia and Persian Gulf.
Nepal.
Baluchistan.
Waziristan.
Rajputana.
Gilgit Agency.
Hyderabad Sindh.
Central India.
Bombay, Baroda and Central
India Railway.
Seistan.
Kashgarh.
Mewar.
Arabia.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Indian States.
Alwar State.
Dholpur State.
Jammu and Kashmir State.
Kathiawar State.
Poonch State.
Las Bela State.
Bundi State.
Kishengarh.
Jaipur.
Amb.
xvi
STATEMENT No. II.
Number of tubes remaining from the last year ...
Number of tubes prepared during the year ...
Total ...
Number of tubes issued during the year ...
Number of tubes rejected during the year ...
Balance ...
Buffalo calves remaining from the last year ...
Buffalo calves obtained during the year ...
Total ...
Buffalo calves vaccinated during the year ...
Buffalo calves died during the year ...
Otherwise disposed of ...
Number of cow calves remaining from the last year ...
Number of cow calves purchased during the year ...
Number of cow calves hired during the year
...
Total ...
Number of cow calves vaccinated during the year ...
Number of cow calves died during the year ...
Number of cow calves sold during the year ...
Number of cow calves returned to contractor ...
Remaining ...
Average yield of pulp per buffalo calf ...
Average yield of pulp per cow calf ...
Average yield of pulp per rabbit ...
STATEMENT No. III.
Total number of tubes issued during 1928-29 ...
Total number of tubes issued free of charge to Special Staff,
Punjab, North Western Railway, etc. ...
Total number of tubes issued on payment ...
Representing an income of ...
Total amount realized and credited to Government during
the year 1928-29 (up to date). ...
Total amount outstanding on 31st March 1928 ...
Total amount outstanding on 31st March 1929 ...
Actual turn-over during the year 1928-29 ...
1,394
67,677
69,071
63,900
346
4,825
13
201
214
198
6
208
3
4
19
26
22
Nil
4
20
2
84.0
19.7
.805
63,900
2,579
61,321
Rs.
61,321
68,232
38,208
35,653
61,568
214
gramme.
„
„
A.
0
0
1
9
1
P.
0
6
0
6
Explanation.— The excess of Rs. 247-1-0 is due to the special packing charges of the
lymph despatched to Kashmir, Jammu and certain other localities in the province. Of the
amount outstanding on the 31st March 1929, a sum of Rs, 18,137 was realized up to the 14th
June 1929.
15 DPI—412—16-12-29—SGPP Lahore.
Diagram showing the death-rate from small-pox per 10,000 of population during the year 1828-29, the average rate of mortality from small-pox per 10,000 of population for the five years ending 1927-28, and the proportion of successful vaccinations
during the year 1928-29 and the preceding six years in each district of the Punjab.
NOTE.—Red lines indicate death-rates from small-pox per 10,000 of population during the year 1928-29.
NOTE.—Blue lines indicate the average rate of mortality from small-pox per 10,000 of population for the previous five years ending 1927-28.
NOTE.—Yellow lines indicate the proportion of successful vaccinations per 10,000 of population during the year 1928-29.
NOTE.—Black lines indicate the proportion of successful vaccinations per 10,000 of population for the six years ending 1927-28.
LEPROSY IN INDIA.
REPORT
OF THE
LEPROSY COMMISSION IN INDIA,
1890-91.
LEPROSY IN INDIA.
REPORT
OF THE
LEPROSY COMMISSION IN INDIA
1890-91.
CALCUTTA :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA.
1893.
In
Memoriam
ARTHUR BARCLAY died at Simla on
August the 2nd, 1891. With deep regret
his colleagues take this opportunity to
express their sense of the great loss they
have sustained in the death of one who
was both their Friend and Fellow-worker.
THE NATIONAL LEPROSY FUND.
PRESIDENT OF THE COMMITTEE:
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G.
GENERAL COMMITTEE:
THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
THE DUKE OF NORFOLK, K.G.
THE DUKE OF WESTMINSTER, K.G.
THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, K.G.
THE MARQUIS OF DUFFERIN AND AVA, K.P.,
G.C.B., G.C.M.G.
THE EARL OF ROSEBERY.
LORD RANDOLPH S. CHURCHILL, M.P.
BARON FERDINAND DE ROTHSCHILD, M.P.
THE BISHOP OF LONDON.
CARDINAL VAUGHAN.
THE HON. G. CURZON, M.P.
THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE, M.P.
THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD MAYOR OF
LONDON.
THE RIGHT HON. JOHN MORLEY, M.P.
SIR ANDREW CLARK, BART., F.R.S.,
PRES. ROY. COLL. PHYSICIANS.
SIR WILLIAM JENNER, BART., G.C.B.,
F.R.S.
SIR JAMES PAGET, BART., F.R.S.
SIR
A
"BORTHWICH BART
SIR GEORGE STOKES, BART., M.P., F.R.S.
SIR R. TEMPLE, BART., G.C.S.I., M.P.
SIR E. LAWSON, BART.
FIELD-MARSHAL
SIR J.
LINTHORN
SIMMONS, R.E., G.C.B.
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COL. SIR EDWARD BRADFORD, K.C.B.,
K. C.S.I.
SIR JOSEPH FAYRER, K.C.S.I., M.D.
SIR CHARLES U. AITCIUSON, K.C.S.I.
SIR W. GUYER HUNTER, K.C.M.G.,
M.D., M.P. (Honorary Secretary).
SIR W. MACCORMAC, F.R.C.S.
R. THORNE THORNE, ESQ., M.D., F.R.S.
PRINCIPAL FAIRBAIRN.
JONATHAN HUTCHINSON, ESQ., F.R.C.S.,
F.R.S.
REV. HUGH CHAPMAN.
W. S. LILY, ESQ.
E. CLIFFORD, ESQ.
FRANK HARRIS, ESQ. (Honorary Secretary).
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:
BARON FERDINAND DE ROTHSCHILD, M.P., Chairman.
THE BISHOP OF LONDON.
THE HON. G. CURZON, M.P.
SIR ANDREW CLARK, BART., F.R.S., PRES.
ROY. COL. PHYSICIANS.
SIR JAMES PAGET, BART., F.R.S.
SIR JOSEPH FAYRER, K.C.S.I., M.D.
SIR W. GUYER HUNTER, K.C.M.G., M.D.,
M.P.
JONATHAN HUTCHINSON, ESQ., F.R.C.S.,
F.R.S.
E. CLIFFORD, ESQ.
FRANK HARRIS, ESQ.
HONORARY TREASURERS:
SIR ALGERNON BORTHWICK, BART., M.P., 139, Piccadilly. W.
SIR EDWARD LAWSON, BA.RT., 42, Grosvenor Square, W.
HONORARY SECRETARY;
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ASSISTANT SECRETARY:
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BANKERS :
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SIR SAMUEL SCOTT AND CO., Cavendish Square, W.
LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK S Lothbury, E.C.