NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
(INCLUDING THE INSEIN VETERINARY SCHOOL)
BURMA
For the year ended the 31st March 1919.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
1. For the greater part of the year there has been only one Superintendent.
Soon after commencement of the year Major Rennie joined up and so far has not
been released from military duty.
The Military Police Mounted Infantry ponies were inspected at stations
visited.
The Shan States School was inspected twice. On the first occasion nothing
could be done as on the day of arrival two pupils went down with influenza and
the remainder followed suit rapidly. As the disease was in a severe form there
was no use of my remaining on. Yawnghwe State was also visited.
I.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION.
Tables I & V
2. Veterinary Colleges and Schools.—The number of pupils remaining in
school, if they all pass out, will in due course approximately complete sanctioned
strength.
On the whole the year has been quite good from an instructional standpoint.
Influenza, small-pox, etc., kept people away for a considerable period. We
warned as many people as possible not to bring any cattle suspected to be
affected with rinderpest, but to come and report, and arrangements would be made
to assist owners. This advice was acted on by several owners.
The pupils escaped during the early period of the influenza epidemic, but later
on it ran through the school with fortunately no fatal results. On the advice of
Dr. Taylor, Medical Officer, Burma Railways, to whom we are much indebted at
all times, the school was closed for a time.
There were thirty-seven pupils on the roll at the beginning of the year, viz.
18 in Class C and 19 in Class B. At the close of the year there were 42 pupils,
viz. 18 in Class A, 18 in Class B, and 6 in Class C.
The final examination was held in November when 18 pupils were examined.
All qualified in the written examination, in fact 13 obtained more than three-fourth
marks, but in the practical, 6 pupils failed and they have been kept back. There
is no reason why they should not have passed the practical examination beyond
that they are not only dull but lazy and inattentive. The 12 passed pupils were
posted to districts in January.
Class B 19.—In September one pupil was removed as he was very dull and
lazy, perhaps due to constant ill-health.
Class A.—In May 21 pupils were selected from 178 applications for
admission. Eighteen boys joined in June, but it was not till much later that we
had the full class going, owing to several lads joining and soon after altering their
minds. Three, who were lazy and showed not the slightest interest in the work,
were removed. Out of 18 pupils in this class 17 are in possession of VII
Standard Vernacular certificates and one VII Standard Anglo-Vernacular.
After considerable experience I am forced to the conclusion that a good number
APPENDICES.
9
TABLE I.
Statement showing the main results of Veterinary Colleges and Schools during the year
1918-19 (Paragraphs 2 & 5).
Veterinary Colleges
and Schools.
(1)
Insein ...
Taunggyi, Southern
Shan States.
Total, 1918-19 ...
Total, 1917-18 ...
Name of course* of
instruction if more
than one course
followed.
(2)
3 years'
Vernacular
12
do.
...
...
Number of students
Admitted during the
year.
Scholar-
ship-
holders.
(3)
No.
21
6
27
27
Others.
(4)
No.
...
...
...
...
Passed
final
examination
during the year.
(5)
No.
12
3
14
20
Failed to pass
final examina-
tion.
(6)
No.
6
...
6
...
Remaining under instruc-
tion at the end of year.
In ordinary
course.
(7)
No.
42*
6
48
43
Instruction
prolonged
by reason
of failure
to pass.
(8)
No.
6
...
6
...
Veterinary Colleges
and Schools.
(1)
Insein ...
Taunggyi, Southern
Shan States.
Total, 1918-19 ...
Total, 1917-18
Name of course of
instruction if more
than one course
followed.
(2)
3 years'
Vernacular
1½ do.
...
...
Students admitted during the year classed
by educational qualifications.
Matriculated
with higher
qualifications.
(9)
No.
...
...
...
...
Knowing some
English, but
not Matricu-
lated.
(10)
No
...
...
...
...
Knowing no
English or
very
little
English.
(11)
No.
18
6
24
27
Receipts
From fees.
(12)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
From other
sources.
(13)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Total.
(14)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Veterinary Colleges
and Schools.
(1)
Insein ...
Taunggyi, Southern
Shan States.
Total, 1918-19 ...
Total, 1917-18 ...
Name of course of
instruction if more
than one course
followed.
(2)
3 years
Vernacular
1½ do.
...
...
Expenditure. †
Salaries of In-
structing staff.
(15)
Rs.
2,025
2,025
1,861
Other expenses.
(16)
Rs.
15,876
15,876
18,925
Total.
(17)
Rs.
17,901
17,901
20,786
Employment of students who passed out
during the three years preceding.
Total Number
passed.
(18)
No.
42
5
47
42
In service of
Government or
local bodies.
(19)
No.
43
...
42
35
In service of
other bodies or
institutions.
(20)
No.
...
5S.S.
5
7
In private
practice.
(21)
No.
...
...
...
...
Number unem-
ployed.
(22)
No.
...
...
...
...
* Class C=6; Class B = 18; Class A= 18.
† As furnished by the Accountant-General.
10
APPENDICES.
TABLE II.
Statement showing number of Deaths from Contagious Diseases amongst
Animals
during the year 1918-19 (Paragraphs 3 & 4).
District.
(1)
Akyab ... ...
Kyaukpyu ... ...
Sandoway ... ...
North Arakan (Paletwa)
Insein ... ...
Hanthawaddy ...
Pegu ... ...
Prome ... ...
Tharrawaddy ...
Bassein ... ...
Ma-ubin ... ...
Pyapôn ... ...
Myaungmya ...
Henzada ... ...
Amherst ... ...
Tavoy ... ...
Mergui ... ...
Thatôn ... ...
Toungoo ... ...
Salween Hill Tracts
...
Total ...
Thayetmyo* ...
Pakôkku
...
Minbu ... ...
Magwe ... ...
Mandalay ...
Bhamo ... ...
Katha ... ...
Myitkyina ...
Putao § ... ...
Ruby Mines ... ...
Shwebo ... ...
Sagaing ... ...
Lower Chindwin ...
Upper Chindwin ...
Kyauksè
...
Meiktila ... ...
Yamèthin* ...
Myingyan ...
Total ...
Grand Total for the
Province, 1918-19
Grand Total for the
Province, 1917-18.
Equines.†
Columns.
(2—7)
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
Rinderpest.
(8)
1
... 59
..
3,318
705
475
3,054
8,548
73
1,198
413
16 2,394
8
...
6
130
120
...
20,518
959
...
...
... 342
272
3,428
334
...
55
...
...
...
...
...
... 11
...
5,401
25,919
4,698
Foot-and-mouth
disease.
(9)
31
10
13
...
154
91
9
7
222
375
16
121
391
204
8
18
2
53
12
29
1,766
47
40
...
...
4
127
...
...
276
...
86
...
...
98
1
6
...
...
685
2,451
1,844
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia.‡
(10)
...
...
...
...
...
Black quarter.‡
(11)
172
7
19
...
429
181
20
57
136
8
57
51
279
59
86
1
35
183
26
...
1,806
9
41
3
13
...
16
73
...
...
22
54
12
20
...
1
3
8
...
275
2,081
1,921
Anthrax.
(12)
...
...
...
...
...
Other conta-
gious diseases.
(13)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total.
(14)
204
17
91
...
3,901
977
504
3,118
8,906
456
1,271
585
686
2,657
102
19
43
366
158
29
24,090
1,015
81
3
13
340
415
3,501
334
276
77
140
12
20
98
2
9
19
...
6,361
30,451
8,463
Others.
Columns.
(15—20)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Re ma r
ks .
(21)
* The only two districts in which cattle deaths are registered.
† There is no system of registration in force in Burma. Military Police register 157 deaths from Surra,
11 from Anthrax, 2 from Epizootic Lymphangitis, 1 from Rabies and 104 from other causes.
‡ These diseases are not differentiated by villagers or headmen, but are considered as different
manifestations of Anthrax, and so are included under this heading.
§ Figures noted are for Hkamti Long States only. Mortality for Kachin Hills not obtainable.
APPENDICES.
11
TABLE III.
Statement showing results of Preventive Inoculation during the year 1918-19 (Paragraph 8).
District.
(1)
Insein ...
Hantha-
waddy.
Pegu ...
Prome ...
Tharra-
waddy.
Bassein ...
Ma-ubin ...
Pyapôn ...
Henzada ...
Amherst ...
Thatôn ...
Toungoo ...
Thayetmyo
Mandalay
Katha ...
Meiktila ...
Yamèthin
Kalaw ...
Total for
1918-19.
Total for
1917-18.
Name of disease
against which inocula-
tion was carried out.
(2)
Ri nder pes t
.
...
...
Method of inoculation
followed.
(3)
Serum-alone method.
...
...
Number of outbreaks
in which inoculation
was undertaken.
(4)
94
18
12
90
112
12
57
16
47
1
1
10
20
14
13
6
5
1
529
172
Number of animals
which died
uninoculated in
course of outbreak.
Equines.
(5)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
(6)
1,531
218
166
648
1,338
72
540
550
846
6
8
45
126
268
153
14
21
8
6,558
1,450
Others.
(7)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of animals
inoculated
Equines.
(8)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
(9)
7,964
935
1,448
15,112
11,124
1,207
8,902
2,246
6,098
100
175
856
2,639
1,349
3,053
390
1,108
118
64,824
12,807
Others.
(10)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of inoculated
animals which died
of the disease.
Equines.
(11)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
(12)
194
6
35
120
175
9
54
71
106
...
10
...
12
43
...
2
...
1
838
124
Others.
(13)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Remarks.
(14)
APPENDICES.
13
TABLE V.
Statement
showing the number of Animals treated and castrated at Veterinary
Hospitals
and Dispensaries during the year 1918-19 (Paragraph 2).
District.
(1)
(Burma).
Total, 1918-19
Total, 1917-18
Number of veterinary
Dispensaries.
(2)
1
1
1
Number of Veterinary
Assistants employed.
(3)
1
1
1
Number of in-
patients treated
during the year.
Equines.
(4)
23
23
25
Bovines.
(5)
25
25
52
Other
animals.
(6)
155
155
232
Total.
(7)
203
203
309
Number of out-
patients treated
during the year.
Equines.
(8)
302
202
199
Bovines.
(9)
523
523
663
Other
animals.
(10)
1,171
1,071
1,140
Total.
(11)
1,798
1,700
9,001
Grand total of in-patients
and out-patients treated
during the year.
(12)
1,999
1,999
2,310
Total number of cases sup-
plied with medicines but
not brought to hospitals.
(13)
180
t8o
130
Castrations
performed
Equines.
(14)
2
2
...
Bovines.
(15)
1
1
...
Other
animals.
(16)
3
2
...
Total.
(17)
5
5
...
...
Receipts.
(18)
Rs.
350
350
470
Expenditure.
(19)
Rs.
16,664*
16,664
19,647
* Revised figure.
TABLE VII.
Statement showing total strength of Subordinate
Veterinary
Staff employed during the
year 1918-19 (Paragraph 12).
Province.
(1)
Burma ...
How occupied.
(2)
In Schools and Colleges
...
...
...
Total, 1918-19 ...
Total, 1917-18 ...
Whether
paid from
Provincial or
Local Funds
(3)
Provincial
Do.
Local Funds
Northern
Shan States
Southern
Shan States
...
...
Veterinary
Inspectors.
(4)
No.
2*
15
...
1
1
19
19
Veterinary
Assistants.
(5)
No.
1
19
146
6
11
183
175
Subordinate
teaching
staff.
(6)
No.
1 D.S.
...
...
...
...
I
1
Remarks.
(7)
* Laboratory, 1.
Special duty,
School, 1.
District Cess
Funds, 79.
District Funds,
67.
TABLE XIVA.
Statement showing the cost of the Civil Veterinary Department in the Province of Burma
during the financial year 1918-19. *
Major Heads.
(1)
Superintendence ... ...
Veterinary Instruction ...
Subordinate Establishment ...
Hospitals and Dispensaries ...
Breeding Operations ...
Contribution to District Funds
on account of Veterinary Assis-
tants.
Prizes ... ...
Fairs and Shows ... ...
Total for 1918-19 ...
Total for 1917-18 ...
Amount.
Imperial.
(2)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Provincial.
(3)
Rs.
47,783
38,403
50,252
16,664
5,405
68,929
...
...
2,27,536
2,31,824
Local.
(4)
Rs.
...
...
1,53,501
...
...
...
1,53,501
76,483
Total.
(5)
Rs.
47,783
38,403
2,03,753
16,664
5,405
68,929
...
...
3,81,037
3,08,307
Remarks.
(6)
* As furnished by the Account-General.
G.B.C.P.O.—No. 1, S., C.V.D., 22-9-1919—288.
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
(INCLUDING THE INSEIN VETERINARY SCHOOL)
BURMA
FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH 1919
RANGOON
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA
1919
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
(INCLUDING THE 1NSEIN VETERINARY SCHOOL)
BURMA
FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH 1920
RANGOON
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA
1920
[ Price, Re. x. ]
LIST OF AGENTS
FOR THE
SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
IN INDIA:
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon.
RANGOON TIMES PRESS, Rangoon.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta and Simla.
W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
BUTTERWORTH & Co. (India), Ltd., Calcutta.
THACKER & Co., Ltd., Bombay.
* D. B. TARAPOREVALA, Sons & Co., Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
IN ENGLAND:
HENRY S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, E.C.
A. CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W.C.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd., 68—74, Carter Lane,
E C., and 25, Museum Street, W.C.
BERNARD QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W.
P. S. KING & SON, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street, S.W.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Ltd., 1, Adelphi Terrace, W.C.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane, Ludgate Hill, E.C.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W.C.
WILLIAM WESLEY & Son, 28, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.
OLIVER & BOYD, Tweeddale Court, Edinburgh.
E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
DEIGHTON, BELL & Co., Ltd., Trinity Street, Cambridge.
ON THE CONTINENT:
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris, France MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague, Holland.
* For the sale of official publications excluding those of the Legislative Department of the Government o
The maximum limit of the body of the Report is ten pages.]
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
REPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT (INCLUDING THE INSEIN
VETERINARY SCHOOL), BURMA, FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST MARCH
1920.
General Administration
...
... ... ... ... ...
I.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION.
Veterinary Colleges and Schools ... ... ... ... ...
II.—TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
(1) CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Lower Burma ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Upper Burma ... ... ... ... ... ...
Southern Shan States ... ... ... ... ... ...
Northern Shan States
...
... ... ... ... ...
(2) OTHER CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
General Notes ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(3) PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Serum Injection performed during outbreaks of diseases ... ... ...
(4)OTHER
DISEASES.
Number of Deaths ... ... ... ... ... ...
(5) Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries.
Insein
...
...
... ... ... ... ...
III.—BREEDING OPERATIONS.
(1) BOVINES.— Nil.
(a) Equines.—Nil.
(3) Others.—Nil.
(4) Fairs and Shows.
General Notes
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
IV.—SUBORDINATE ESTABLISHMENT.
Distribution and Work of Veterinary Inspectors and Assistants
...
...
V.—EXPENDITURE OF THE DEPARTMENT.
(Vide Table XIV of the Appendices.)
VI.—GENERAL REMARKS.
Cattle Disease
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Segregation Rules
...
...
...
... ... ...
Subordinate Staff ... ... ... ... ... ...
Recognition of assistance by officials ... ... ... ... ...
Interest taken in the Department by District Officials
..
... ...
Office staff ... ... ... ... ... ...
PARA.
I
a
3
4
5 5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 & 17
18
«9
PAGE.
I
I
2
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
8
8
9
10
ib
ib
APPENDICES.
Table I.—Statement showing the main results of Veterinary Colleges and Schools during the
year 1919-20 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Table II.—Statement showing the number of deaths from Contagious Diseases amongst
animals during the year 1919-20 ... ... ... ...
Table III.—Statement showing the results of Preventive Inoculation during the year 1919-20
Table IV.—Statement showing the number of Animals treated and castrated by Veterinary
Assistants on tour during the year 1919-20
...
...
...
Table V.—Statement showing the number of animals treated and castrated at Veterinary
Hospitals and Dispensaries during the year 1919-20
...
...
Table VII.—Statement showing total strength of Subordinate Veterinary Staff employed
during the year 1919-90
...
...
...
... ...
Table XIVa.—Statement showing the cost of the Civil Veterinary Department in
Burma during the financial year 1919-20 ...
...
...
...
Map
Note.—Tables VIII to XIV are blank.
PAGE
11
12
13
»4
15
»5
15
(
2
)
From C. R. P. COOPER, Esq., I.C.S., Officiating Director of Agriculture, Burma, to the Assistant
Secretary to the Financial Commissioner, Burma, General Department letter No. 523—1R.-18,
dated the 28th June 1920.
I have the honour to submit, in proof, six copies of the Annual Report on the Civil
Veterinary Department for the year ending 31st March 1920.
The Department was again very shorthanded during the year, and, for the greater part
of the period under review, Colonel Evans was working single-handed. It was unfortunate
that this shortage of the superior staff should have coincided with the worst epidemic of
rinderpest that has occurred in Lower Burma since 1905-06. The losses sustained by
cultivators in the Irrawaddy Division were very serious, and the consequences of a
repetition of the epidemic during the present year would be most disastrous.
2. In paragraph 14 of his Report, Colonel Evans makes some general remarks on the
subject of contagious cattle diseases and the difficulties under which his Department
labours in dealing with it. It is doubtful, whether the Delta and similar areas in Lower
Burma can ever be made practically immune from cattle disease. The cattle are not bred
locally, and the imported animals are very susceptible to disease owing to the change of
climate and conditions, and the heavy nature of the work they are called upon to do. There
are, however, several points from which the problem could be tackled with a view to
reducing the risk of disease :—
(1) The substitution of oxen for buffaloes, where possible, the latter being particularly
susceptible to disease.
(2) The substitution of stall feeding for the pernicious grazing ground system in
areas where this is practicable.
(3) Rigorous enforcement of the rules laid down for observance in village tracts on
the outbreak of disease. Much more instruction on this subject should be given by
administrative officers on their tours. Ignorance is frequently the cause of breach of the
rules. Deliberate neglect of the rules should be dealt with very severely, not by a petty
fine. Headman and villagers must be made to realise that neglect of the rules is a crime,
and will be punished as such. Judged by European standards, the penalties for neglect of
the rules are absurdly inadequate.
(4) Control of the wandering herds of ill tended beasts owned by ignorant natives
of India. It is to be hoped that rules will be framed to this end and under the proposed
Live Stock Improvement Act.
(5) Increase of the staff of the Veterinary Department to a scale sufficient to deal
with any outbreak that may occur and facilities for obtaining a sufficient supply of serum
for inoculation.
3. The cattle shows held at Pyawbwè and Pyinmana during the year were very suc-
cessful. It is plain that there is not much wrong with the breed of cattle in Upper Burma.
4. The staff worked well in a trying year.
5. This is the last report that Colonel Evans will write. He has guided the Depart-
ment since its infancy, and there is no need for me to point out to Government the value
of the work he has done, and the nature of the loss which the Province will sustain in
his retirement.
RESOLUTION
ON THE
REPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA.
For the year ended the 31STMarch 1920.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma in the Development Department,
No. 1V.-40 of 1920.
Read—
The Report on the Civil Veterinary Department (including the Insein Veterinary School, Burma)
for the year 1919-20 and the remarks in the forwarding letters of the Director of Agriculture
and the Development Commissioner, Burma.
RESOLUTION.—The year was unfortunately marked by a continuance in an
aggravated form of the very severe outbreak of rinderpest mentioned in last
year's Resolution, and the total number of deaths from this cause reached the
exceptional figure of 52,328, or more than double the number recorded in the
previous year. The districts chiefly affected were those of the Irrawaddy
Division, but the Pegu Division and the Toungoo and Thayetmyo districts also
suffered severely. Upper Burma escaped more lightly, although there was heavy
mortality in the Yamèthin, Pakôkku and Lower Chindwin Districts. An impor-
tant contributing factor to the severity of the outbreak was doubtless the very
large number of highly susceptible animals due to the comparative immunity
which the Province had enjoyed for a number of years from serious epidemics,
but the apathy of cattle owners, and their neglect to obey the rules framed for
the prevention of disease, were mainly responsible for the widespread mortality.
All possible steps were taken to deal with the outbreak, the local veterinary staff
was strengthened wherever possible, and inoculation was pressed, but until cultiva-
tors co-operate with Government officers to enforce the segregation of animals
which have been exposed to infection, other preventive measures must to a large
extent fail in their purpose. The value of inoculation as a protection was again
demonstrated, out of 55,628 inoculated only 363 died, and it is satisfactory to learn
that the agricultural classes are displaying increased readiness to submit their
animals to this treatment. The experience of the Yamèthin District affords
a convincing object lesson of what can be done to check an outbreak, even on the
present scale, if the existing rules are obeyed. The number of cattle inoculated
in this one district was approximately one-third of the total inoculations in the
Province, and this, coupled with the maintenance of segregation sheds and the
prompt reporting of outbreaks, no doubt prevented the disease from extending
northwards along the railway into Upper Burma. The steps taken in this district
were effective, and the Lieutenant-Governor considers that the results obtained
are most creditable to the Deputy Commissioner and other officers of the Veteri-
nary and Civil Departments concerned, but their labour would have been thrown
away unless cattle-owners had co-operated to make the measures a success.