NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
LIST OF AGENTS
FOR THE
SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
IN INDIA:
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon.
RANGOON TIMES PRESS, Rangoon.
MAUNG LU GALE, Law Book Depôt, 42, Ayo-o-gale, Mandalay.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta and Simla.
W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
BUTTBRWORTH & Co., (India), Ltd., Calcutta.
THACKER & Co., Ltd., Bombay.
* D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Co., Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
IN ENGLAND :
HENRY S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, E.C
A. CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W.C.
KRGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & Co., Ltd., 68—74, Carter Lane, E.C., and 39, New Oxford Street, W.C.
BERNARD QUARUTCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W.
P S. KING & SON, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street, S.W.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Ltd., 1, Adelphi Terrace, W.C.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane, Ludgate Hill, E.C.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W.C.
WHELDON & WESLEY, Ltd., 28, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.
OLIVER & BOYD, Tweeddale Court, Edinburgh.
E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
DEIGHTON BELL & Co., Ltd., Trinity Street, Cambridge .
ON THE CONTINENT :
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris, France.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague, Holland.
OTTO HARRASSOWITZ, Leipzig, Germany.
R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin, Germany.
* For the sale of official publications excluding those of the Legislative
Department of the Government of Burma.
The maximum limit of the body of the Report is ten pages]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
REPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT (INCLUDING THE INSKHN
VETERINARY SCHOOL), BURMA, FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST MARCH
1921.
General Administration ... ... ... ... ... ...
I.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION.
Veterinary Colleges and Schools ... ... ... ... ...
II.—TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
(1) CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Lower Burma ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Upper Burma ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Southern Shan States ... ... ... ... ... ...
Northern Shan States ... ... ... ... ...
(a) OTHER CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
General Notes ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(3) PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
Serum Injection performed during outbreaks of diseases ... ...
(4) OTHER DISEASES.
Number of Deaths ... ... ... ... ... ...
(5) VETERINARY HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.
Insein
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
III.—BREEDING OPERATIONS.
(1) BOVINES. — Nil.
(a) EQUINES.—Nil.
(3) OTHERS.—Nil.
(4) FAIRS AND SHOWS.
General Notes
...
...
...
...
... ... ...
IV.—SUBORDINATE ESTABLISHMENT.
Distribution and Work of Veterinary Inspectors and Assistants ... ...
PARA.
1 & 2
3. 4, 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15 & 16
PAGE
I
3
3
ib.
5
ib.
6
ib
7
ib.
ib.
7 & 8
V.—EXPENDITURE OF THE DEPARTMENT.
(Vide Table XIV of the Appendices.)
VI.—GENERAL REMARKS.
Cattle Disease ... ... ...
Segregation Rules ... ...
Subordinate Staff ... ...
Importation of Disease
...
...
...
...
...
...
Interest taken in the Department by District Officials
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
17
18
19
20
21—24
9
ib.
10
11
12
APPENDICES.
TABLE I.—Statement showing the main results of Veterinary Colleges and Schools during the
year 1920-21 ... ... ... ... ... ...
TABLE II.—Statement showing the number of deaths from Contagious Diseases amongst
animals during the year 1920-21 ... ... ... ...
TABLE III.—Statement showing the results of Preventive Inoculation during the year 1920-21
TABLE IV.—Statement showing the number of Animals treated and castrated by Veterinary
Assistants on tour during the year 1920-21 ... ... ...
TABLE V.—Statement showing the number of animals treated at Veterinary Hospitals and
Dispensaries during the year 1920-21 ... ... ...
TABLE VII.—Statement showing total strength of Subordinate Veterinary Staff employed
during the year 1920-21 ... ... ... ... ...
TABLE XIVa.—Statement showing the cost of the Civil Veterinary Department in
Burma during the financial year 1920-21 ... ... ...
MAP
NOTE.—Tables VIII to XIV are blank.
PAGE
13
14
15
16
17
ib.
ib .
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
(INCLUDING THE INSEIN VETERINARY SCHOOL)
BURMA
For the Year ended the 31st March 1921.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
1. Colonel Evans was in charge of the Department up to 26th November
when he proceeded on leave prior to retirement. He visited one district in
Lower Burma and four in Upper Burma during the year. He also visited and
inspected the school at Taunggyi. He attended a Conference at Maymyo in
October and the Cattle Show at Pyawbwè in November. He was on tour for
43 days during the year and travelled in that time 2,700 miles, 110 of which
were by road, 2,193 by rail and 397 by boat. Colonel Evans' services in this
country are too well known to need recapitulation here; suffice it to say that
during his long service in Burma he was well known to all officials and his
knowledge and his personality will be missed not only in the Department but by
all others who knew him.
Mr. Rennie returned from leave on 16th April. He took over charge of the
duties of Third Superintendent at Insein School in addition to his own duties when
Major Cameron proceeded on leave in August, and charge of the Department on
27th November when Colonel Evans went on leave. While on tour he travelled
6,276 miles, viz. 554 by road, 5,309 by rail and 413 by boat being absent on
tour 126 days. He visited and inspected the work of the district staff in 3
districts in Lower Burma and 7 in Upper Burma. He inspected the Military
Police at Pyawbwè and examined the pupils at the Taunggyi School on the
completion of their course of training.
Major Cameron was released from military duty and returned to Burma on
17th May. He badly required a change and proceeded on leave for a year in
August.
During the year, two officers have been appointed to the Department.
Captain A. O'Neill took over the duties of Second Superintendent on nth
December. He toured in Magwe District in February and in Mandalay and
Magwe Districts in March. Captain J. B. Idle reported on the 19th February,
he being specially selected by the India Office for the post of Superintendent in
charge of Stock-Breeding Operations.
2. The number of Deputy Superintendents was increased to five during the
year by the appointment on probation of two Calcutta trained graduates. One
Maung Pe was promoted in June and posted to Bassein. The other Maung
Tun Aung was promoted in July and during the absence of Mr. Batlivala on leave
was placed in charge of the School where he carried out the work in a very
satisfactory manner. On Mr. Batlivala's return he was posted to Magwe in
February. Maung Pe Than, Deputy Superintendent, Meiktila, was in February
last deputed on special duty to Rangoon to prepare pamphlets and circulars in
vernacular on diseases and their prevention for distribution in the districts and
for the use of Veterinary Assistants.
VETERINARY SCHOOL), BURMA, FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31»T MARCH 1921.
7
time deteriorates, plus the fact that we have not sufficient staff specially main-
tained for this purpose to successfully carry out operations in many districts at the
same time without calling in all the district staff to help, thus leaving the district
with no touring Assistant at a time when it is imperative that fresh foci should be
early discovered and spread of disease, from these prevented. Ten Assistants
have been sanctioned as a flying column and it is hoped that we will soon be able
to fill these vacancies. One Assistant has been appointed as an Acting Inspector
in charge of the flying column—the post having been sanctioned during the year.
Since his appointment he has been continuously employed in the Pegu District,
where, on tour with the Deputy Commissioner, he has been actively engaged in
instructing the people and demonstrating the value of serum injection during
outbreaks.
In all 2 Deputy Superintendents, 22 Inspectors, 102 Assistants and
9 students were employed on inoculation operations during the year.
(4) OTHER DISEASES.
12. The mortality in Lower Burma amounted to 50,553, and in Upper Burma
to 14,723.
(5) VETERINARY HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.
Table V.
13. In addition to Insein School, it has been decided that experimental
dispensaries should be provided in certain districts and Pegu and Prome in
Lower Burma, and Pakôkku and Myingyan in Upper Burma have been selected
as suitable centres.
III.—BREEDING OPERATIONS.
(1) BOVINES—Nil.
(2) EQUINES—Nil. (3) OTHERS—Nil.
As noted under General Administration, a Fourth Superintendent has
recently arrived whose duty will primarily be charge of Stock-Breeding Opera-
tions.
(4) FAIRS AND SHOWS.
14. A cattle show was held at Toungoo in April. This was the first of its
kind held in the district and was in consequence a very small one ; the number
of exhibits for cattle and ponies being only some 51 in all.
A cattle show also was held at Pyawbwè in November. This being now a
well-known fixture was successful. There was a large attendance of visitors and
a very large array of exhibits. Cattle and buffaloes were a remarkably tine show.
Total exhibits—cattle about 8,000; ponies 600. Over Rs. 2,500 were paid out
as prizes to cattle-owners.
IV.—SUBORDINATE ESTABLISHMENT.
Tables IV
and VII.
15. Veterinary Inspectors.—The number employed both at the beginning
and close of the year is noted in the table below :—
Inspectors.
(1)
Lower Burma...
Upper Burma
Shan States ...
Total ...
Strength on
1st April 1930.
Permanent.
(2)
6*
8
2
16
Acting.
(3)
7
3
...
10
Appointed
during
the year.
Permanent.
(4)
2
2
...
4
Acting.
(5)
1
...
...
1
Total.
Permanent.
(6)
8
10
2
20
Acting.
(7)
8
3
...
11
Casualties or
promotion.
Permanent.
(8)
1
1
..
2
Acting.
(0)
...
...
...
...
Transfer,
etc.
Permanent.
(10)
...
...
...
...
Acting.
(11)
2†
1†
...
3
Strength On 31st
March 1921.
Permanent,
(12)
7
9
2
18
Acting.
(13)
6
2
...
8
Total.
(14)
13
11
2
26
* One on military duty in Mesopotamia.
† Reverted.
8
REPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT (INCLUDING THE INSEIN
The four Senior Assistants having completed their training in the School
were appointed Inspectors, two in December and two in January.
Of the three acting Inspectors who had to revert to their substantive appoint-
ments as Assistants one was made an Inspector in charge of the flying column,
this additional post having been sanctioned by Government during the year
primarily for inoculation duties. The second man was called in for training in the
School as an Inspector in September; the third reverted to his post as Assistant.
At the close of the year there were 26 Inspectors, viz. 7 permanent, Lower
Burma, and 9, Upper Burma, and 6 acting, Lower Burma, and 2, Upper Burma ;
Shan States, 2 permanent.
The Inspectors visited 2,562 villages in Lower Burma and 2,873 in Upper
Burma. In the former 244 outbreaks were attended by them and 644 in the
latter.
Reckoning working days, i.e. the days in which the Inspectors were not on
leave or sick, as averaging 360.9, the number of days spent on tour by each
Inspector in Lower Burma would be represented by 214.2 days per annum, while
in Upper Burma the number of working days being an average of 348.2, days
spent on tour were 223.7 the percentage thus being 75.9 or equal to 277.03 days
per annum.
Tables IV
and VII.
16. Veterinary Assistants.—1 he following table shows the number of
Assistants employed at the beginning and end of the year:—
Assistants.
Lower Burma
Upper Burma
Reserve
Office ...
School ...
Total
Strength on
1st April 1920.
79
71
16
2
...
168
Appointed during
the year.
4
7
6
1
...
18
Total.
83
78
22
3
...
186
Casualties
or
promoted
3 promo-
ted.
1 resigned
2 died
1 died
1 promot-
ed.
8
Transfer,
etc.
+3 R.V.A.
to L.B.
-1 L. 8. to
U.B.
+ a R.V.A.
to U.B.
+ 1 L.B. to
U.B.
-1 U.B. to
R.V.A.
+ 1 U.B. to
R.V.A.
-3 R.V.A.
to L.B.
- 2 R.V.A.
to U B.
-1 R.V.A.
to School.
...
+ 1 R.T.A.
to School.
+ 8
-8
Strength on 31st
March 1921.
81
78
16 (L.B. 6).
(U.B. 10).
2
1
178
Three Assistants died during the year of malarial fever contracted while on
duty, one at Momeik in October, a second at Myaung (Sagaing) in October and
the third at Kyauksè in December; with one exception these men were hardwork-
ing and keen Assistants and I regret their loss.
One Assistant stationed at Rathedaung resigned in June The reason of his
resignation seems to be that he did not want to serve in Arakan, and wanted
transfer as Veterinary Assistant either in the Forest Department or Co-operative
Society.
Eighteen pupils having passed their final examination were posted to districts
during the year, 2 in April, 11 in May and 5 in June.
One Assistant who had volunteered to serve in the Forest Department and
was appointed at the close of the last year asked to be reverted to his sub-
stantive post, and availed himself of the leave due to him in July.
Three Assistants are still on military duty out of Burma.
12
REPORT ON THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPT., BURMA, FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31ST MARCH 1921.
to another that is the chief source of the spread of the disease. The Deputy
Commissioner, Magwe, in this connection remarks that " it may be taken as
certain that the outbreaks in. this district are almost invariably caused by
importation of cattle from Myingyan and Meiktila Districts. If the rules forbid-
ding removal of cattle from infected areas were strictly enforced this district
would probably be almost immune." The Deputy Commissioner, Prome, observes
that "cattle disease is generally imported into this district from Allanmyo or
the Arakan Division whence herds of cattle are brought to Prome cattle market
for sale and the affected animals from among them spread the disease in the
different villages through which they pass before they are sold or to which they
are taken after sale. The Veterinary Assistants of Prome have been instructed
to examine all cattle brought to the cattle market and report if any of them is
found to be sick. To this may be attributed to a certain extent the great decline
in the number of cattle deaths."
Taungup in the Sandoway District is situated on the line of traffic of cattle
trade. All the cattle from Cheduba, Ramree and An Townships of the Kyaukpyu
District which adjoins it come and stay here for some days before proceeding
to Bassein and Prome Districts.
The Deputy Commissioner, Hanthawaddy, remarks " One difficulty we are
beginning to discover, a good deal of our disease is imported. Cattle come into
the district from Siam via Moulmein, from Minbu and from Prome. An outbreak
of disease in any of those places means an outbreak with us."
21. Since the appointment of a Deputy Superintendent to the Magwe
Division, districts in Upper Burma, which have recently suffered so badly
from disease, have now Deputy Superintendents in charge.
32. It would appear to be advisable to improve the system of registration
and report of cattle deaths in Upper Burma. At present only rough estimates
are kept, except in Yamethin and Thayetmyo Districts, where cattle death
registers are kept. The result is that it is, as a rule, only at the end of the year
when figures are being collected, that the full amount of losses from disease is
realizable.
23. All requirements for serum during the year were promptly met by the
Muktesar Laboratory, and the only difficulties experienced in its use were the
smallness of inoculation parties and the difficulty in the transport of serum to
remote parts of districts, both involving considerable delay in its early employ-
ment in many outbreaks.
24. As heretofore, district officials have shown a ready appreciation of the
difficulties to be met with in the suppression of contagious diseases, which
still remains the main work of the Department, and have, as usual, done
everything in their power to further efforts in this direction.
T. RENNIE,
Veterinary
Adviser to the Govt, of Burma.
Rangoon, 16th May 1921.
APPENDICES.
13
TABLE I.
Statement showing the main results of Veterinary Colleges and Schools during the year
1920-21 (Paragraphs 3 and 8).
Veterinary Colleges
and Schools.
(1)
Insein ...
Taunggyi, Southern
Shan States.
Total, 1920-21 ...
Total, 1919-20 ...
Name of course of
instruction if more
than one course
followed.
(2)
3 years'
Vernacular
1½ do.
...
3
Number of Students
Admitted during the
year.
Scholar-
ship-
holders.
(3)
No.
17†
5
22
15
Others.
(4)
No.
...
...
..
3
Passed
final
examination
during the year.
(5)
No.
18
5
23
12
Failed to pass
final examina-
tion.
(6)
No.
...
1
1
...
Remaining under instruc-
tion at the end of year.
In ordinary
course.
(7)
No.
41*
6
47
52
Instruction
prolonged
by reason
of failure
to pass.
(8)
No.
...
1
1
5
Veterinary Colleges
and Schools.
(1)
Insein ...
Taunggyi, Southern
Shan States.
Total, 1920-21 ...
Total, 1919-20
Name of course of
instruction if more
than one course
followed.
(2)
3 years'
Vernacular
1½ do.
...
...
Students admitted during the year classed
by educational qualifications.
Matriculated
with higher
qualifications.
(9)
No.
...
...
...
...
Knowing some
English, but
net Matricu-
lated.
(10)
No
...
...
...
...
Knowing no
English or
very
little
English.
(11)
No.
17
5
22
18
Receipts.
From fees.
(12)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
From other
sources.
(13)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Total.
(14)
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Veterinary Colleges
and Schools.
(1)
Insein ...
Taunggyi, Southern
Shan States.
Total, 1919-20 ...
Total, 1919-20 ...
Name of course of
instruction if more
than one course
followed.
(2)
3 years'
Vernacular
1½ do.
...
...
Expenditure.
Salaries of In-
structing staff.
(15)
Rs.
1,483
...
1,483
1,365
Other expenses.
(16)
Rs.
21,044
...
21,044
15,073
Total.
(17)
Rs.
22,527
...
22,527
16,438
Employment of students who passed out
during the three years preceding.
Total number
passed.
(18)
No.
34
15
49
52
In service of
Government or
local bodies.
(19)
No.
34
15
49
46
In service of
other bodies or
institutions.
(20)
No.
...
...
...
6
In private
practice.
(21)
No.
...
...
...
...
Number unem-
ployed.
(22)
No.
...
...
...
...
† Two from Co-operative Society.
* Class C = 15 ; Class B = 10 ; Class A=16.
14
APPENDICES.
TABLE II.
Statement
showing number of Deaths from Contagious
Diseases amongst
Animals
during the year 1920-21 (Paragraphs 6 and 7).
District.
(1)
Akyab ... ...
Kyaukpyu ... ...
Sandoway ... ...
North Arakan (Paletwa)
Insein ... ...
Hanthawaddy ...
Pegu ... ...
Prome ... ...
Tharrawaddy ...
Bassein ... ...
Ma-ubin ... ...
Pyap6n ... ...
Myaungmya ...
Henzada ... ...
Amherst ... ...
Tavoy ... ...
Mergui ... ...
Thatôn ... ...
Toungoo ... ...
Salween Hill Tracts ...
Total ...
Thayetmyo* ...
Pakôkku ... ...
Minbu ... ...
Magwe ... ...
Mandalay ... ...
Bhamo ... ...
Katha
... ...
Myitkyina ... ...
Putao ... ...
Shwebo ... ...
Sagaing ... ...
Lower Chindwin ...
Upper Chindwin ...
Kyauksè ... ...
Meiktila ... ...
Yamèthin* ...
Myingyan ... ...
Total ...
Grand Total for the
Province, 1991-20.
Grand Total for the
Province, 1920-21.
Equines.†
Columns.
(2-7)
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
Rinderpest.
(8)
1
228
19
Foot-and-mouth
disease.
(9)
118
18
2
Hæmorrhagic
septicaemia.‡
(10)
Black quarter. ‡
(11)
461
8
23
Anthrax.
(12)
Other conta-
gious diseases.
(13)
...
...
...
Total.
(14)
580
254
54
REGISTRATION OF DEATHS NOT IN FORSE.
148
146
1,091
125
61
563
206
674
1,016
109
128
...
...
119
877
12
5,553
1,070
1,859
2,580
151
239
120
319
...
6,352
8,334
2,049
7,570
84
344
343
608
31,921
37,454
52,328
40
35
206
7
8
58
8
213
398
39
110
5
3
93
7
55
1,423
19
...
...
...
...
80
...
...
3
...
2
34
...
...
35
...
...
162
1,589
5,206
27
32
199
7
54
103
...
89
57
3
69
1
...
31
...
...
1,164
29
3
...
...
...
50
45
...
...
6
20
7
41
1
...
..
...
202
1,366
1,891
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
215
213
1,490
139
123
724
214
970
1,471
151
307
6
3
243
884
67
8,120
1,111
1,862
2,586
151
319
170
364
3
6,360
8,288
9,049
7,611
85
379
343
608
32,289
40,409
59,495
Others.
Columns.
(15—20)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
Re ma r
ks .
(21)
* The only two districts in which cattle deaths are registered.
† There is no system of registration in force in Burma. Military Police register 50 deaths from Surra
9 from Anthrax, 2 from Glanders and 142 from other causes.
‡ These diseases are not differentiated by villagers or headmen, but are considered as different
manifestations of Anthrax, and so are included under this heading.
APPENDICES.
15
TABLE III.
Statement
showing results
of Preventive
Inoculation
during
the year
1920-21
(Paragraphs 7 and 11).
Di s t
r i
ct .
(1)
Insein ...
Hantha-
waddy
Pegu ...
Tharra-
waddy.
Prome ...
Bassein ...
Ma-ubin ..
Pyapôn ...
Myaungmya
Henzada ...
Amherst ...
Thatôn ...
Toungoo
Minbu ...
Magwe ...
Pakôkku ..
Mandalay .
Katha ...
Upper
Chindwin
Lower
Chindwin
Sagaing ..
Shwebo ..
Meiktila ..
Yamèthin .
Kyauksè ..
Northern
Total for
1922 -21.
Total for
1919 -20.
Name of disease
against which inocula-
tion was carried out.
(2)
Renderpest.
...
...
Method of inoculation
followed.
(3)
Serum-alone method.
...
...
Number of outbreaks
in which inoculation
was undertaken.
(4)
1
2
14
3
16
28
5
13
21
1
19
14
11
42
42
87
25
12
40
86
55
66
3
36
6
11
659
456
Number of animals
which died
uninoculated in
course of outbreak.
Equines.
(5)
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Bovines.
(6)
9
13
149
9
65
311
34
190
109
18
158
138
108
192
307
2,226
123
7
1,046
422
328
688
18
98
13
78
6,857
4,824
Others.
(7)
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.
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Number of animals
inoculated
Equines.
(8)
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Bovines.
(9)
200
203
2,375
267
1,337
2,151
1,036
1,185
1,311
130
1,274
1,861
1,363
1,980
6,020
5,645
3,319
841
3,594
9,950
8,703
8,447
290
4,551
747
1,009
69,785
55,628
Others.
(10)
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Number of inoculated
animals which died
of the disease.
Equines.
(12)
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Bovines.
(12)
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5
2
13
8
...
...
3
1
15
17
17
12
...
26
57
...
116
...
26
44
...
11
4
...
377
363
Others.
(13)
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Remarks.
(14)