217
le V.—From Northern Corner, 7 miles from
Head-works from a pillar fountain,
a few yards off the Municipal
Hospital.
Colony
No.
Saccherose.
Dulcit.
Adonit. Inulin. Voges or
Prosk. Indol. M o b i l i t y . Group.
Bacilus.
Group and
Remarks.
a) Total colonies on agar at 37°—countless.
1 + — — — + + — IV B. Cloacæ.
Group I, 4.
b) Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
—
2 +
— — — + + — IV
Do.
„
II, nil.
3 — — + — — + — I B. Acidi lactici.
„ III, nil.
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken
..
1 ..
4 — — + — — +
—
I
Do.
„ IV, 6.
2 tubes 10 cc.
„
..
2 ..
5 — — +
— —
+
—
I
Do.
4
„
5 cc.
„
..
4
..
6 + — + — + + — IV
B. Lactis ærogenes or
cap-sulatus.
7 +
— — —
+ +
—
IV B. Cloacæ.
5 „
1 cc.
„
..
5 ..
8
+
— — —
+
+
—
IV
Do.
5 „
.1 cc.
,,
..
2
3
9
+
— — — + + + IV
Do.
5 ,, .01 cc.
„
..
5
10 — — + — — — —
I B. Acidi lactici.
c ) F œ c a l b a c i l l i i n 1 c c . a n d u p w a r d s .
d) Sparogenes milk test — in 20 cc.
REPORT.
The sample taken from the two wells are both very good. They contain no fœcal bacilli in 50 cc. This is very
cided improvement on the last analysis.
2.
The sample from the mixing chamber also is of a good quality.
3.
The two samples taken from the distributary system in the town, seven miles distant, show most undesirable
of affair. Fœcal bacilli are present in 1 cc. The total number of organisms have gone up enormously. This is
t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e p i p e s a r e l e a k y a n d t h a t i t i s n e c e s s a r y f o r m e n t o e n t e r t h e m a i n s i n o r d e r t o r e m o v e t h e r o o t s
t h e t r e e s , t h e r e b y c a u s i n g p o l l u t i o n o f d a n g e r o u s n a t u r e .
Chemically the water is a satisfactory one, but the well at the east end of the works, that is to say, the one nearest
river, contains softer water than the one at the west end. It also contains less chlorine and less nitrates.
Recommendations are same as that of the inspection report, namely, to do away with the masonry main and put
wn steel pipes.
The water supply of Tirupati is taken from an infiltration gallery situated near a small hill stream called the
l y a n i . T h e g a l l e r y i s n o t q u i t e o f t h e o r d i n a r y d e s i g n f o r t h e r e a r e t w o w e l l s o n e a t e i t h e r e n d o f t h e g a l l e r y . T h e
t e r l e a v e s , o n i t s w a y t o t h e t o w n , f r o m t h e m i d d l e o f t h e g a l l e r y w h e r e t h e p i p e s t a r t s . T h e p i p e s c o n n e c t i n g t h e t w o
e l l s t o t h e c e n t r e c h a m b e r a r e n o t l a i d a t t h e l e v e l o f t h e b o t t o m o f t h e s e w e l l s b u t 7 f e e t a b o v e t h i s ; h e n c e t h e r e i s s o m e
of water which cannot be tapped and when the water only collects in the wells to a depth of 8 feet, as occasionally occurs
d r y w e a t h e r t h e a v a i l a b l e q u a n t i t y i s v e r y s m a l l . T h e r e a s o n f o r t h i s a r r a n g e m e n t i s n o t b y a n y m e a n s a p p a r e n t .
a l y s e s h a v e s h o w n a v e r y c o n s i d e r a b l e v a r i a t i o n i n q u a l i t y b e t w e e n t h e t w o w e l l s . F r o m a n i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e p l a c e
r e a s o n f o r t h i s i s p r o b a b l y t h a t t h e r i v e r w a t e r i s m o r e h i g h l y p o l l u t e d a n d f i n d s i t s w a y w i t h g r e a t e r r a p i d i t y i n t o
e e a s t e r n m o s t w e l l . T h e w e s t e r n e n d o f t h e g a l l e r y i s c o n s i d e r a b l y r e m o v e d f r o m t h e r i v e r a n d s h o w s l e s s p o l l u t i o n
p o i n t o f q u a n t i t y , b u t a n a l y s i s h a s s h o w n p r e s e n c e o f t r u e c o l i b a c i l l i . T h i s i s p r o b a b l y d u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t s t r a y
t t l e c a n g e t i n c l o s e p r o x i m i t y t o t h i s w e l l , a n d t h e s o i l b e i n g a l m o s t p u r e s a n d , p o l l u t i o n o f t h e s u p p l y i s a v e r y e a s y
a t t e r . T h e g r e a t d e f e c t s o f t h e w h o l e a r r a n g e m e n t a r e — f i r s t l y , t h e s u p p l y i s i n a d e q u a t e a n d s e c o n d l y , t h a t t h e m a i n
d i n g w a t e r f r o m t h e h e a d w o r k s t o t h e t o w n i s c o n s t r u c t e d o f c e m e n t p i p e s .
To deal with the latter of these objections, first, it may be stated that this form of main has given endless trouble
d have been the cause of considerable expense.—There is very fair reason to believe that in certain places the founda
-ns have settled and the pipes cracked ; consequently it is impossible to estimate what percentage of the total supply
lost in leaks into the ground. Further, in the whole course of nearly 7 miles, roots of trees have made their way into
e inside of the pipes. The masonry has been cracked by this agency, and the flow in the pipe retarded, if not actually
pped. Up to the present time two gangs of men have to work continuously removing the growth of roots. The
ethod of doing this is the exact counterpart of what has to be carried out in removing silt from a sewer ; with this
ry obvious difference, that in the case of a sewer it is the workmen who carry out this operation who suffer ; whereas
this case it is the consumers of the water; it practically means that eight men are in and out of the pipe line, sitting in
the water, screwing and unscrewing rods, and doing sundry other operations for some eight hours a day This
obviously a very serious defect in the system and the possibility of dangerous contamination to the water-supply is
tremely good. In fact it is difficult to find terms which adequately describe the grave risk that is run on account of
he defect. There can be no manner of doubt that the masonry main has been a dismal failure and I recommend that the
ooner a steel pipe line is put down the better it will be for everybody. I do not consider it advisable to spend any
oney whatever on repairs or alterations to the present stone pipe line, but that an entirely new main of steel pipes be
id as early as possible. Until this is carried out I do not recommend that the work of increasing the supply of water
the head works be taken up. From a rough inspection, however I consider that it would be possible to obtain
dditional supply by going deeper into the sand. This however requires careful investigation.