NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
1 1
TABLE II—showing crops grown on plot V by means of a small picottah worked by two men.
The amounts represent quantities yielded by area of ground available.
Outakiri.
Cholam.
Gramme.
Guiss. grass.
LB.
35
30
37
42
41
25
40
44
47
42
40
37
58
42
22
32
34
3 5
42
34
25
37
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
LB.
40
35
40
30
37
25
40
25
45
45
40
4 5
36
50
.
30
50
50
35
5 0
5 5
48
38
60
52
35
40
35
40
35
42
LB.
...
...
...
...
. . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
. . .
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
20
25
20
25
25
22
LB.
...
...
...
...
. . .
...
. . .
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
30
...
...
...
. . .
1stJu ne ...
...
...
2nd ,,
...
...
...
...
3 rd „
...
... ...
...
4th„
...
...
...
...
5th„
...
...
...
...
6th„
...
...
...
...
7th
...
...
... ...
8th„
...
...
...
...
9th„
...
...
...
...
10th„
...
...
...
11th„
...
...
...
...
12th„
...
...
...
...
13th,,
...
...
...
14th,,
...
...
...
...
15th„
...
...
...
...
16th„
...
...
...
...
17th„
...
...
...
...
18th„
...
...
...
...
19th„
...
...
..
...
20th
...
...
..
...
21st„
...
...
...
...
22nd„
...
...
...
...
23rd„
...
...
...
...
24th„
...
...
...
..
25th„
...
...
...
...
26th„
..
...
...
...
27th„
...
...
...
...
28th„
...
...
...
...
29th„
...
...
...
...
30th„
...
...
...
...
Total ...
821
1,228
137
30
2,216 lb. green fodder.
14
but the filtered did not. Guntur unfiltered water was placed in class B with
" sporogenes." The filtered water though free from organic material still showed
" sporogenes."
There is in these samples very considerable evidence to show that the presence
of sporogenes in 100 c.c. of the sample is associated especially with polluted
waters. What the exact nature of the pollution may be and how far it is f ae cal
cannot at present and without the aid of other tests be determined, but the presence
of the reaction would prevent one from returning a sample as free from pollution,
and it promises to form therefore a very reliable initial test in the bacteriological
examination of samples.
The absence of the " sporogenes " reaction is presumptive evidence of purity,
but associated with certain conditions which will be discussed later suspicions of
such purity may exist.
So far the presence of the bacillus coli communis has in the main served to
strengthen the above observations on the value of the " sporogenes" reaction
but some important departures from such a course have been observed. The
significance of the presence of the organism, however, will be discussed only after
observations upon it are more complete.
TABLE I .
Number
of sampl e.
Description.
Date of receipt.
Sediment
B. Sporogenes as indicated
by typical milk reaction.
Remarks.
Showing obvious
Not showing definite
pollution such as
pollution but containing
Not containing much
organic matter, but
Absent or very small
in amount and not
Present
in
Present
in
Present
in
coloured cotton fibres
etc.
much organic matter
or infusoria.
showing occasional
green cells,
showing organic
structure.
25 C.C. 50 C.C. 100 C.C.
1
Central Jail, Rajahmnudry
... 17 Feb. 1906. Cotton fibres, infusoria,
oily
globules
and
green vegetable cells.
+
+
+
Class A.
Tanjore Water Works
—
2a
Unfiltered water from
the
river Pennar.
2 Mar. 1906.
Green
algæ
and
diatoms.
0
0
0
,,
C.
2b
Filtered water
Crenothrix threads
0
0
0
„
C.
Conjeeveram Water
Works—
3 a
Unfiltered water
5 M a r . 1 9 0 6 .
Living rotifers,
i n f u -
soria, diatoms and
green algæ.
0
0
0
„ B.
31)
Filtered water
Practically no deposit.
0
— —
D .,
,
Trichinopoly Water Works
—
4a
Unfiltered
water,
Kavery
river.
8 Mar. 1906. Cotton fibres and con-
siderable number of
living organisms.
+
+
+
„
A.
4b
Filtered water
Crenothrix and green
algæ.
A t y p i c a l r e a c t i o n .
Dindigul Waters
—
5a
Unfiltered water
11 Mar. 1906.
Practically no deposit.
0
0
+
„ D.
5b
Filtered water
No deposit
...
...
0
0
0
„ D.
Madura Water Works—
6a
Unfiltered water
15 Mar. 1906.
Decomposing
Spiro-
gyra.
0
0
0 , ,
"C . C
6b
Filtered water
Anantapur Waters—
Cotton fibres
0 0
+
,, A .
7a
7b
Well of Narasimha Charry
Well (Gharabhavi)
6 April 1906.
21 April 1906.
Coloured cotton fibres,
cypres
and green
algæ.
Cotton red
coloured
cypres,
diatoms,
remains
of
plant
structure.
0
0
0
0
+
+
, ,
A .
„
A.
7c
.
Baliah's well
21 April 1906. Blue and red coloured
cotton fibres, remains
of plant structure.
0
0
+ , ,
A.
15
TABLE I—continued.
N u m b e r o f S a m p l e
Description.
Date of receipt.
Sediment
B. Sporogenes as indicated
by typical milk reaction.
Remarks.
Showing obvious
pollution such as
coloured cotton fibres,
etc.
Not showing definite
pollution but containing
much organic matter
or infusoria.
Not containing much
organic matter, but
showing occasional
green cells.
Absent or very small
in amount and not
showing organic
structure.
Present
in
25 C.C.
Present
in
50 C.C.
Present
in
100 C.C.
8 Water-supply well in Bandar ..
2 June 1906.
......
......
......
Nil ... ... ...
0
0
0
Class D.
9 Central Jail, Cannanore ... ...
6 June 1906.
.....
Diatoms algæ, infu-
soria.
......
......
0
0
+
" B .
10 Pallavararn ... .. ...
12 June 1906.
......
......
......
Nil ... ... ...
0
0
+
" D.
11 Coimbatore Noyal river... ...
2 June 1906.
......
Infusoria, diatoms,
green algæ.
......
.....
+
+
+
" B .
12 Central Jail, Cannanore ... ...
5 July 1906. Coloured cotton silk,
fibres, infusoria,
vorticella
.....
......
......
+
+
+
" A .
13 Tanjore Central Jail .. ...
23 July 1906.
......
......
......
Nil ... ... ...
0
0
0
" D.
14 Madras tap water ... ...
23 July 1906.
......
Infusoria, green masses,
nematodes.
......
......
0
0
+
" B .
15 Fort St. George, Madras ...
13 Aug. 1906.
.....
. . .
....
Nil ... ... ...
0
0
0 " D .
16 Cannanore Central Jail well ...
14 Aug. 1906.
......
......
.....
Nil ... ... ...
0
0
0 " D .
Central Jail, Rajahmundry—
17a
Well block No. 8 ...
22 Aug. 1906.
......
A few infusoria,
diatoms of several
shapes, wood fibres.
......
.....
0
0
0
" B.
17b A pipe leading from store-tank. 22 Aug. 1906. Coloured cotton fibres,
infusoria, diatoms,
rotifers, wood fibres.
......
.....
.....
–
+
+ " A .
A. B. &amp; Co., Aërated Water-
Works —
18a
Unfiltered water ... ..
27 Aug. 1906.
......
Infusoria, rotifers,
vorticella, diatoms
and algæ.
......
......
–
+
+ " B.
18b Filtered water ... ...
27 Aug. 1906.
......
A few infusoria ...
.....
......
–
0
+
" B.
19 A well in cattle-yard in Madras.
1 Sept. 1906.
......
Do. ...
......
......
–
+
+
" B.
20 Central Jail well, Cannanore ...
3 Sept. 1906.
......
......
.....
Nil
... ... ..
+
+
+
" D.
Rajahmundry Central Jail
—
21
Well block No. 2
...
... 8 Sept. 1906.
......
A few i nfusori a . . .
.....
......
0
+
+
" B.
22 Coonoor pipe supply
...
... 11 Sept. 1906.
......
......
.....
No sediment ...
0
0
Atypical
reaction.
" D.
Ootacamund Marlimund water—
23
A stand pipe ...
.
... 12 Sept. 1906.
......
Amœbae large amount
of green algæ and
diatoms.
......
......
0
0 Atypical
reaction.
" B.
24 Old Ootacamund impounding
cistern.
12 Sept. 1906.
......
......
Green filaments and
algaæ.
......
0
0 Atypical
reaction.
" C.
O16
5
25 Kodappamund Reservoir
...
...
... 14 Sept. 1906.
......
..
Nil
0
0
0
, , D.
26
Tiger Hill reservoir
... 18 Sept. 1906.
......
....
Green filaments and
a l g æ .
0
0
0
C .
Dodobetta upper—
27
Reservoir
...
...
... 20 Sept. 1906.
Nil
...
0
0
0
„
D.
Dodobetta lower—
28
Reservoir
... 23 Sept. 1906.
......
Green vegetable cells.
0
0
0
„ „ C.
29 Coonoor hydrant 25 Sept. 1906.
...
Nil
...
...
...
+
+
+
„ „ D.
30 Royal aerated waters, filtered 3 Oct. 1906.
water, Madras.
......
Nematodes, green cells.
+
+
+
„ B.
31 Central Jail, Bellary
..
.. 4 Oct. 1906.
Skeletal forms
of
insects.
. . .
+
+
+
, ,
B .
32
Sithapakam camp well, St. 6 Oct. 1906.
Thomas' Mount.
... ..
Skeletal forms of in-
sects, cypres, cyclops.
0
0
0
, , B .
33
Vellachi camp well, St. Thomas' 6 Oct. 1906.
Mount.
Larvae
(mosquito),
infusoria.
.
-
+
+
, ,
B.
34 Central Jail, Rajahmundry
8 Oct. 1906.
Wood fibres, skeletal
... ..
forms of insects,
tubullaria infusoria.
... ..
0
0
0
„
B.
35
tank, Rajahmundry
... 12 Oct. 1906.
... ..
......
Storage
Nil
...
...
..
-
+
+
„ D.
36 Church of England, St. Thomas' 22 Oct. 1906.
Mount.
Red coloured cotton
fibres, infusoria.
0
0
+
, , A.
37 Old Ootacamund impounding 27 Oct. 1906.
cistern.
. . .
Nil
..
..
0
0
+
„ D.
38 Marlimund reservoir, Ootaca- 2 Nov. 1906.
mund.
......
Green vegetable cells
I
and diatoms.
0
0
0
, , C.
39 Central Jail, Cannanore ...
2 Nov. 1906.
A few infusoria, green
filaments.
... .
0
0
+
„ B.
Cannanore Jail—
40
Second well
...
... 5 Nov. 1906.
41 Vridhachelam
...
. .
.. 7 Nov. 1906.
......
... ..
Abundant cypres but
no infusoria, green
algæ.
Slight ...
0
+
0
+
0
+
,,
,
D.
B.
42a Guindy Government House 17 Nov. 1906
Slight
...
-
+
+
D.
drinking water.
42b Filtered river water
...
... 17 Nov. 1906.
43a Central Jail, Rajahmundry...
Vorticella (free and
attached), infusoria,
cypres.
-
+
+
, ,
B.
No. 8 block well
...
30 Nov. 1906.
... ..
Slight
0
0
"
D .
43b Storage tank
...
...
30 Nov. 1906.
..• •••
Slight ...
...
0
, , D..
44a Coimbatore Noyal river water
6 Dec. 1906.
I n f u s o r i a . c y c l o p s ,
diatoms, green fila-
ments.
...
0
+
+
,,
44b Irrigation tank, Coimbatore 6 Dec. 1906.
Infusoria, diatoms and
algæ.
0
+
+
B .
45 Poonamallee Depot barrack well. 10 Dec. 1906.
46 Coonoor Water Pipe supply
... 17 Dec. 1906.
Infusoria, diatoms and
......
.
green algæ.
Nil
...
0
0
1 1 7 + + + 0 0 , ,
0
0
„
B.
D.
47 Station Hospital well, Poona- 22. Dec. 1906.
mallee.
f e w
g r e e n
a l g æ
diatoms.
0
0
+
, , C.
TABLE I—continued.
N u m b e r o f s a m p l e .
Description.
Date of receipt.
Sediment
B. Sporogenes as indicated
by typical milk reaction.
Remark.
Showing obvious
pollution such as
coloured cotton fibres,
etc.
Not showing definite
pollution but containing
much organic matter
or infusoria.
Not containing much
organic matter but
showing occasiona
green cells.
Absent or very small
in amount and not
showing organic
structure.
Present
i n
2 5 C. C.
Present
in
50 C.C.
Present
in
100 C. C.
Water works—
48a
Guntúr tank at the head works. 27 Dec. 1906.
......
Vorticella, cypres.
diatoms, infusoria.
......
......
–
+
+
Class B.
48b Service reservoir
...
... 27 Dec. 1906.
.....
......
......
Slight ...
...
...
–
0
+
" D.
Kurnool Water Works, Kurnool
—
49a
Cuddapah canal
...
... 2 Jan. 1907.
......
A few diatoms, a few
algæ, infusoria.
......
......
–
+
+
" B.
49b Reservoir ...
...
...
... 2 Jan. 1907.
......
A few infusoria,
diatoms and algæ.
......
......
–
+
+
" B.
Cannanore Central Jail
—
50
Tope well
...
...
2 Jan. 1907.
......
. . . . . .
......
Slight ...
...
0
0
0
" D.
Adóni Water Works
—
51a
Unfiltered Water, Nallacheruvu
tank.
2 Jan. 1907.
......
Infusoria, oyclops,
green algæ.
......
......
–
+
+
" B.
51b Reservoir filtered water
... 2 Jan. 1907. Red and blue cotton
fibres, abundant
infusoria, a few
diatoms, tubullaria.
......
. . . . . .
......
–
+
+
" A.
52a Cuddapah water-works well in
gallery.
2 Jan. 1907.
......
......
......
Slight ...
...
...
–
0
0
" D.
52b A pipe at the Travellers' bungs-
low.
2 Jan. 1907.
......
Cypres, no infusoria,
skeletal forms of in-
sects.
......
......
–
0
0
" B.
Tirupati Water Works
—
58a
Collecting well at the head
works.
7 Jan. 1907.
......
Cypres, infusoria
...
......
......
–
0
+
" B.
53b Reservoir ......
...
... 7 Jan. 1907.
......
Infusoria green fila-
meats.
....
. .
. . . . . .
–
0
0
" B.
Cocanada Water Works
—
54a
Canal water taken near the
off-take.
5 Jan. 1907.
.....
Abundant cypres, infu-
soria, a few green
algæ
......
......
–
0
+
" B.
54b Reservoir ...
...
...
... 5 Jan. 1907
......
......
......
Slight ...
...
...
–
0
0
" D.
Ootacamund Water Works—
55a
Tiger Hill reservoir ...
... 6 Jan. 1907.
......
......
......
Slight ...
...
–
0
0 "
D.
55b Marlimund reservoir
...
... 6 Jan. 1907.
......
. . . . . .
Green algæ, diatoms.
......
—
0
0
"
C .
18
56a
5 6 b
Conjeeverain Water Works—
From the river-bed.
Collecting well in gallery
9 Jan. 1907.
8 Jan. 1907.
. . . . . .
Amorphous, greenish
masses, a fen algae.
1
Slight ...
...
...
—
—
0
0
+
0
„
C.
, ,
D.
57a
5 7 b
Madura Water Works
—
Bed of' the river Vaigai.
Well in the infiltration gallery ...
9 Jan. 1907.
9 Jan. 1907.
Diatoms abundant,green
filaments, infusoria.
Nil
—
+
0
+
0
11
B .,
,
D.
58a
585
Trichinopoly Water Works
—
Bed of the River Caveri.
Collecting well on the bank of
the Caveri.
7 Jan. 1907.
7 Jan . 1907.
.
Slight
...
Slight ...
...
—
—
+
0
+
D
,,
.
,,
D.
59a
595
Dindigul Water
Works—
Water from the well adjoining
infiltration trench.
Collecting well in infiltration
trench.
7 Jan. 1907.
7 Jan. 1907.
Abundant diatoms, a
few green algæ
......
Nil
—
0
0
0
0
, ,
C .
„
D.
60a
60b
Vizagapatam Water Works—
Unfiltered water, impounding
reservoir.
Filtered water from tap ..
10 Jan. 1907.
10 Jan. 1907.
...
Nil
0
0
, ,
D.
6 la
61b
Tanjore Water Works
—
Bed of the river Vennar
..
Collecting well on the bank of
the Vennar.
12 Jan. 1907.
12 Jan. 1907.
......
Cypres, infnsoria, green
masses.
. . . . .
I
Slight ...
...
—
+
0
+
0
,,
B.
17
D.
62a
62bReservoir
Coonoor Water Works
—
Weir at head delivery pipe.
......
..,
...
18 Jan. 1907.
18 Jan. 1907.
......
A few infusoria, green
masses.
,.....
... ..
Nil
—
0
0
0
0
, ,
B.
„
D.
63a
6 3 b
Central Jail,
Rajamundry—
Storage tank.
Well block No. 8
...
20 Jan. 1907.
20 Jan. 1907.
......
Vorticella, infusoria
......
Slight
...
. . . . . .
—
0
+
+
D
,,
11
B .
19
TABLE 11.
Class A.
Class B.
Class C.
Class D.
N u m b e r .
With Sporogenes
reaction.
N u m b e r .
With Sporogenes
N u m
b e r
reaction.
Without Sporogenes
reaction.
N u m
b e r .
With Sporogenes
reaction.
N u m
b e r
Without Sporogenes
reaction.
N u m
b e r
With Sporogenes
reaction.
N u m
b e r
Without Sporogenes
reaction.
4a
6
7a
7b
7c
12
1 7 b
.
36
51b
Rajahmundry Central
Jail.
Trichinopoly,
unfil-
tered.
Madura., filtered.
Anantapur, well of
N arasimhachari.
Anantapur,
Yarn-
bhavi.
Anantapur,
Baliah's
well.
Cannanore
Central
jail.
Rajahmundry,
Pipe
from store tank.
Church of England,
St. Thomas' Mount.
Adóni, filtered.
9
11
14
I8a
b
19
21.
30
31
33
39
41
42b
44a
445
45
48a
49a
49h
51.a
53a
54n
61a
63b
57a
Cannanore
Central
3a
Jail.
Coimbatore,
Noyel 17a
river.
Madras lap water.
32
'
A. B. & Co. unfilter-
s,
ed, Madras. 34
Do. filtered.
A well in Cattle-yard, 52b;
Madras.
5 3 b
Rajahmundry, block 62a'
well 2.
23
Royal ærated water.
Bellary Central Jail.
Vellachi, St. Thomas'
Mount.
Central Jail, Canna-
nore.
Virddháchalam.
Guntfúr, Government
House, filtered.
Coimbatore,
Noyel
river.
Coimbatore, irrigation
tank.
Poonamallee Barrack,
well.
Guntfir, unfiltered.
Kurnool
do.
Do.
filtered.
Adóni, unfiltered.
Tirupati do.
Cocanada do.
Tanjore
do.
Rajahmudry
well
block 8.
Madura, unfiltered.
Conjeeveram, unfil-
tered.
Rajahmundry Central
1 Jail, well 8.
Sittapakam,
Camp
well, St. Thomas'
Mount.
Rajahmundry Central
Jail.
Cuddapah, pipe water.
Tirupati, filtered.
Coonoor, head pipe
I Ootacamund, Marli-
mund.
47
56a
;
Poonamallee, Station
2b1
Hospital well.
2a' 4 b
Conjeeveram. unfil-
4 b
tered.
6a'
24
26
28
33
5 5 b
-
5 9 a
'...r
s
cniflopoly, filtered.
Tanjore, filtered.
Do. unfiltered.
Madura, unfiltered.
Old
Ootacamund,
impounding cistern.
Tiger Hill Reservoir,
Ootacamund.
Dodabetth
Lower
Reservoir.
Marlimund, Ootaca
mund.
Do.
13th Jan.
1907.
Dindigul, unfiltered.
Cannan
ore Jail well.
8
5a
10
20
29
35
37
4 2 a
4. 3b
48b:
6 3 a
Dindigul, unfiltered.
3b
Pallavaram.
5b
Coonoor, hydrant.
:
Rajahmundry, storag. 13
15
Old Ootacamand im-
.
pounding cistern.
Guindy Government 22
House
(drinking 25
water)
27 •
Rajahmundry Central 40
Jail, storage tank.
Gunt úr , f i l t er ed.
Central Jail, Rajah-
4 3 a
mundry,
storage 46 ;
tank.
50
52a; 5 4 b
5 5 a
5 6 b
5 7 b
5 9 b
60a
605 6 1 b
625
1
Conjeeveram, filtered.
Dindigul
do.
Bunder, water-supply
well .
Tanjore Central Jail.
Fort St. George.
Cannanore
Central
Jail.
Coonoor, pipe.
Kodappamund.
Dodabetta, upper.
Cannanore
Central
Jail, second well.
Rajahmundry Central
Jail, No. 8.
Coonoor, pipe.
Cannanore Jail, tope
well.
C u d d a p a h , u n f i l t e r e d .
Cocanada, filtered.
Ootacamund
Tiger
Hill.
Conjeeveram, filtered.
Madura, filtered.
Dindigul do.
Vizagapatam
unfil-
tered.
Vizagapatam, filtered.
Tanjore
do.
Coonoor reservoir.
O
21
APPENDIX. III.
REPORT ON THE EFFICACY OF CYLLIN AS A DISINFECTANT.
By the SUPERINTENDENT.
The method of accurate comparison of the effects' of a disinfectant with that
of phenol, on which stress is laid by the manufacturers of cyllin, is, so far as I
am aware, at present the most reliable means at disposal for forming an opinion
as to its efficacy. I have under taken therefore in the first place experiments to
determine the carbolic acid co-efficient of cyllin.
Carbolic acid co-efficient.— The method described by Rideal and Walker* was
at first strictly followed, but it was found that the use of five loopfuls of culture
only had the disadvantage of often giving rise to very equivocable results, and it
was found more reliable to employ a modification of this method, the modification
consisting of . the addition, in place of five loopfuls of 1 c.c. of a 24 hours broth cul-
ture of an organism to 9 c.c. of dilutions, so arranged that the final products were
the dilutions required.
The organisms made use of were (a) a strain of bacillus typhosus giving
typical reactions, and (b) staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. The results of the first
series of experiments on these organisms are shown in tabular form in Tables I
and II :—
I
.
Organism.
Disinfectant.
Dilutions.
Time.
1 per cent. .1 per cent. .01 per cent. 001
per cent.
Typhoid...
...
...
...
Cyllin .
x
x
2
⅓
m .
Do.
...
...
Carbolic
„.
...
x
x
Do.
...
..
... Cyllin ...
x
x
5 m.
Do.
...
...
... Carbolic
...
...
x
x
x
Do.
...
Cyllin .
Carbolic
x
x
1 0 m .
Do.
...
...
...
...
x
x
x
Do.
.,.
...
Cyllin ...
x
2 0 m .
Do....
,.. Carbolic
...
x
x
x
Staphylococcus aurens ... Cyllin ...
...
...
x
x
2¼ m.
Do.
Carbolic
x
x
›.
Do.
Cyllin ..
x
x
5 m .
x
Do.
Do.
Carbolic
...
x
x
x
Cyllin ...
...
x
1 0 m .
Do.
Carbolic
...
x
x
I
x
x
Do.
Cyllin
...
x
20 m.
Do.
Carboli
...
x
x
x
*Rideal and Walker. Standardisation of disinfectants Journal of the San. Institute, Vol. XXIV, Part
1 9 0 8 .
.
2 2
TABLE II.
Organism.
Disinfectant
Dilution.
1 per cent.
. 25
per cent.
'0625
per cent.
'0156
per cent.
Typhoid
... Cyllin ...
Carbolic
...
x
x
2½ m.
Do.
...
...
x
x
Do.
...
...
... Cyllin ...
...
x
5 m.
Do.
...
Do.
...
...
Carbolic
...
x
x
x
Cyllin ...
...
x
10 m.
Do.
...
... Carbolic
x
x
x
Do.
..
..
.. Cyllin ...
*
20 m.
—
Do.
...
...
.. Carbolic
...
x
x
x
Staphylococcus aurens . Cyllin ..
x
x
2½ m.
—
Do.
... Carbolic
...
x
x
x
x
x
Do.
... Cyllin ...
...
x
5 m.
Do.
... Carbolic
x
x
x
Do.
... Cyllin .
...
x
I
x
10 m.
Do.
Carbolic
x
x
x
Do.
... Cyllin ...
...
x
x
20 m.
Do.
Carbolic
x
I
x
x
In this series it will be noticed that the dilution used practically determined,
apart from the time of exposure, the result of the experiment. To bring out more
clearly the effect of time of exposure, a less abrupt scale of dilutions between the
limits of 1 per cent. and . 01 per cent. was employed ( vide Table III) :—
TABLE III.
D i s
O r g a n i s m
infectant.
'75 per '5 per
Dilution.
125 per 125 per • 06 per 04 per '02 per , '01 per Time,
1 per
cent.
cent.
cent.
cent.
cent.
cent.
cent,
cent.
cent.
Typhoid ... Cyllin ...
i
x
x
x
x
2½ m.
Do.
.. Carbolic.
x
I
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Do.
... Cyllin ...
x
5 m.
Carbolic.
Cyllin
x
x
x
x
x
x
x -
Do.
..
Do.
...
x
x
—
10 m.
... Carbolic.
.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Do.
.. Cyllin...
x
x
20 m.
Do.
... Carbolic.
j
x
x
x
x
x
x
Staphylo- Cyllin ...
x
x
x
x
ooccus aureus.
x
x
x
----- --. 2 ½m .
Do.
Carbolic.
x
x
x
x
x
x
5 m.
-
—
Do.
Cyllin ...
x
x
x
Do.
x
x
x
x
x
Carbolic.
x
x
Do.
Cyllin ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10 m.
Do.
Carbolic.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Do.
Cyllin ...
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20 m.
Do.
-
-
-
-
i-
-
-
Carbolic
-
23
Though there is still very little variation dependent on time, the results enable
one to determine with some accuracy the carbolic acid co-efficient employed by
Rideal and Walker. For the sake of clearness the results are given in Tables IV
and V in the same tabular arrangement as is employed by these authors:—
TABLE I V.
Organism.
Disinfectant.
Dilution.
Time.
2½ minutes. 5 minutes. 10 minutes. 20 minutes.
Typhoid
... Cyllin
...
1 per cent. = 1 in 100
...
Do.
Do.
...
'75 per cent. = 1 in 133
Do.
...
Do.
...
5 per cent. = 1 in 200
...
Do.
...
Do.
.
'25 per cent. = 1 in 400
Do.
Do.
... '125 per cent. = 1 in S00
...
Do.
Do.
.06 per cent. =1 in 1,666...
x
Do.
Do.
'04 per cent. = 1 in 2,500...
x
Do.
...
Do.
02 per cent. = 1 in 5,000
x
x
x
x
Do.
...
Do.
...
'01 per cent. = 1 in 10,000...
x
x
x
x
Do.
... Carbolic
1 per cent. = 1 in 100
Do.
...
Do.
'75 per cent.. = 1 in 133
...
Do.
...
Do.
...
5 per cent. = 1 in 200
x
x
Do.
...
Do.
...
'25 per cent. = 1 in 400
x
x
x
x
Do.
...
Do.
... '125 per cent. = 1 in 800
...
x
x
x
x
Do.
...
Do.
...
'06 per cent.= 1 in 1,666
...
x
x
x
x
Do.
Do.
...
04 per cent. =1 in 2,500
...
x .
x
x
x
Do.
..
Do.
...
.02 per cent.= 1 in 5,000
...
x
x
x
x
Do.
Do.
...
'01 per cent.= 1 in 10,000
x
x
x
x
Carbolic acid co-efficient as shown on the typhoidbacillus is therefore 5,000/400 = 12.5.
TABLEV
Organism.
Disinfectant. Dilution.
T i m e .
2½ minutes. 5 minutes. 10 minutes. 20 minutes.
Staphylococcus
auren s.
Cyllin
..
1 per cent. = 1 in 100
—
_
Do.
Do.
'75 per cent. = 1 in 133. ..
—
—
Do.
Do.
.5 per cent.. = 1 in 200
—
—
Do.
Do.
...
. 25 per cent. = 1 in 400...
—
—
Do.
I Do.
... '125 per cent.= 1 in 800. . .
—
—
Do.
Do.
..
'06 per cent. =I in 1,666
...
x
x
—
—
Do.
Do.
...
·04 per cent. = 1 in 2,500 ...
x
x
—
—
Do.
Do.
...
'02 per cent. = 1 in 5,000
)
x
—
—
Do.
Do..
...
'01 per cent. = 1 in 10,000
X
x
—
—
24
TABLE V—cont.
Organism.
Disinfectant.
DiIntim:.
Time
2½ minutes. 5 minutes. 10 minutes. 20 minutes.
Staphylococcus
aureus.
Carbolic
...
1 per cent. = 1 in 100...
—
—
Do.
Do.
... .75 per cent. = 1 in 1l3
x
A
-
—
Do.
Do.
.5 per cent. = 1 in 200...
x
x
—
—
—
Do .
Do.
...
.25 per cent. = 1 in 400
x
x
—
Do.
Do.
... .125 per cent. = 1 in 800...
x
x
—
—
—
Do.
Do.
.06 per cent. = 1 in 1,666
...
x
x
—
Do.
Do.
...
.04 per cent. = 1 in 2,500
... x
x
—
—
Do.
Do.
... .02 per cent. = I in 5,000
...
x
x
—
—
— .
Do.
Do.
. 0 1
p e r
c e n t . = 1 i n 1 0 , 0 0 0
. . .
x
x
—
Carbolio acid co-efficient as shown on staphylococcus aureus 1,666/133 = 12.5.
The carbolic acid co-efficient of cyllin, shown in its action on the bacillus
typhosus and as determined by the above experiments is therefore 12 . 5, whilst the
co-efficient for staphylococcus pyogenes aureus is also 12.5.
Employing the extent of dilution in which sterilisation was just effected in a
given time as the test, one could gather, whilst arriving at approximately the same
results, rather more information regarding the action of the disinfectants on the
two organisms in question. Thus :—
As shown in 2 1/3 m i n u t e s t h e a c t i o n o f c y l l i n . o n . t y p h o i d i s
. 7 5 / •
1 2 5
--
. 7 5
---
.04
or 6 times that of
carbolic.
or .18•7
,
,
.5
•—
. 0 4
or 12 . 5
,,
20
,,
.5
—
•04
or 12.5
s
As shown. in 2½ minutes the action of cyllin on staphylococcus iS
aureus
1
—
-125
Or 8 , ,
1
---
. 1 2 5
or 8
, ,
. The values so given of 12.5 for typhoid and 8 for staphylococcus pyogenes
aureus represent more nearly the action of the two disinfectants, the experiments
showing clearly that the staphylococcus is a somewhat more resistant organism
than the typhoid bacillus used.
Comparison of the efficacy of cyllin with. that of perchloride.—Adopting the same
procedure the effects of cyllin and perchloride of mercury upon the same organisms
w a s a l s o d i r e c t l y c o n t r a s t e d . T h e r e s u l t s a r e g i v e n i n T a b l e s V I a n d V I I .