NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
84
Cholera did not reach Budrachellum until the 20th of June, and there can-
not be the least doubt that it was secondarily affected from the cholera centre
established in the Lower Godavery District.
The outbreak in Go-
davery District due to
importation alone.
98. I have been at some pains to show that this outbreak of cholera in the
Godavery District was due to importation alone, and I may
here mention that the Nizam's country, and the Central Pro-
vinces to the eastward had no cholera during 1870, nor was
there any epidemic in the District to the northward (Vizagapatam) when the
disease broke out in the Godavery District. There is, moreover, the direct
proof, that persons who had recently passed through tracts of country infected
by cholera, and some of whom had recently suffered from a disease believed to
be cholera, came back to their homes in a village, where the disease beyond
doubt first showed itself, and " thence radiated in various directions" as the
Superintendent of Police has properly described the subsequent progress.
99. Dr. Bryden maintains that, although cholera may thus be introduced into
a locality, it has no vital power, and that cholera so introduced does not become
a focus for the further spread of the disease. In this respect also the facts in
regard to the late outbreak in the Godavery District yield no support to such a
theory. The facts show, that from the very small beginnings in the village of
Woongatla, there proceeded a very terrible epidemic, extending not only over
that one district of the Godavery, but spreading slightly to the north in the
Vizagapatam District, and more severely to the south in the Kistna District.
Gradual extension of
the epidemic from the
infected centre.
In the table below we see that in the month of April cholera was almost
entirely confined to the Ernagudium talook and Tanaku
talook to the east ; in these talooks it attained its maximum
intensity in June and July, whereas in Peddapore and Zemin-
daries to the north, and the Ellore talook to the south, the maximum of
intensity was not reached until one or two months later, or in August and Sep-
tember. The table shows, in fact, that the intensity of the epidemic spread as
from a centre, and that the centre was occupied by the Ernagudium and Tanaku
Talooks, where it is conclusively shown that the disease commenced to spread
epidemically.
Table showing particulars of Cholera Deaths in the different Talooks and Municipal Towns of the Godavery District during each month of 1870.
-------
Population...
Total No. of Villages in each. Circle ...
Months.
January ...
February...
March ...
...
April
May
June
July
...
August ...
September
October ...
November
December
...
...
...
Total...
Rajahmundry Munici-
pal Town, North of
Talook.
17,493
Population of Villages,
affected-
17,498
46
59
18
4
12
4
4
7
154
Rajahmundry Talook,
North West of
District.
83,426
600
No. of Villages affected,
2
26
25
26
14
4
3
...
—
Population of Villages
affected.
1,343
27,299
20,664
31,479
20,213
11,991
8,088
...
2
116
208
271
71
39
6
713
Coconada Municipal
Town, East of
Talook.
16,167
Population of Villages
affected.
16,167
i
2
12
33
18
3
22
9
Peddapore Talook,
North of District.
101,539
238
No. of Villages affected.
1
34
53
33
14
1
5
—
697
45,960
62,268
40,108
20,378
658
9,114
1
298
338
342
84
1
7
1071
Ramachendrapore
Talook,
East of District.
184,110
223
No. of Villages affected.
2
33
95
71
41
23
18
1
—
3,342
42,315
130,148
107,777
60,815
36,099
31,329
637
4
183
968
808
165
52
49
9
2238
Amalapore Talook,
S. E. of District.
189,233
317
4
51
109
55
19
28
21
1
—
Population of Villages
affected.
5,052
86,482
141,752
86,747
34,395
43,648
25,686
2,009
7
413
813
222
102
87
69
10
1723
Narsapore Talook,
S. of District.
161,537
205
2
15
44
89
54
13
3
...
—
Population of Villages
affected.
1,419
20,266
75,042
130,840
82,027
22,994
3,939
...
...
3
76
214
823
280
48
12:
...
1456
Table showing particulars of Cholera Deaths in the different Talooks and Municipal Towns of the Godavery District during each month of the year 1870.—(Continued.)
Population ...
Total No. of Villages in each Circle
Months.
January
February
March
...
...
April
May
June
July
August
September ...
October
November ...
December
Total...
Undi Talook, South
of District.
83,826
163
No. of Villages affected.
4
32
50
31
8
1
—
Population of Villages
affected.
6,734
31,419
49,950
34,905
6,973
753
Cholera Deaths
11
159
458
233
37
]
899
Tanaku Talook,
South of District,
152,052
227
No. of Villages affected.
1
23
90
99
48
6
2
2
2
Population of Villages
affected.
910
28,542
87,201
109,668
50,378
8,647
5,170
6,102
6,705
Cholera Deaths,
...
...
12
85
1,011
1,017
356
16
8
17
...
2,522
Ellore Municipal Town,
S. W. of Talook.
19,940
Population of Villages
affected.
19,940
Cholera Deaths.
1
65
30
45
46
2
4
7
200
Ellore Talook,
S. W. of District.
98,795
391
No. of Villages affected.
1
9
26
24
22
8
1
3
—
Population of Villages
affected
667
8,632
22,994
24,384
21,408
8,327
74
5,580
Cholera Deaths.
3
33
129
103
164
19
4
9
464
Ernagudium Talook,
W. of District.
130,383
617
No. of Villages affected.
...
4
6
28
32
19
2
2
—
Population of Villages
affected.
5,405
6,098
30,799
36,101
25,162
1,738
2,407
Cholera Deaths.
...
52
33
280
149
122
14
10
...
660
Zemindaries.
53,605
408
No. of Villages affected.
...
2
26
44
61
27
4
2
...
—
Population of Villages
affected.
3,023
51,153
75,767
88,692
30,200
3,714
9,703
Cholera Deaths.
...
...
117
279
623
80
10
3
1,114
Table showing particulars of Cholera Deaths in each Talook and Municipal Town of the Kistna District during each month of the year 1870.
Kistna,
Population
Total No. of Villages
in each Circle ....
Months.
January
.,,
February
March
April
May
Juue
July.
August
September
October
November
December
Total...
Nundigama Talook,
North of District.
98,637
253
No. of Villages affected
—
Population of affected Villages
Cholera Deaths
• • •
Bezwada Talook,
North of District.
73,373
225
No. of Villages affected
3
10
21
6
1
2
—
Population of affected Villages
7,008
7,526
22,053
10,173
606
1,256
Cholera Deaths
4
]42
215
31
2
2
396
Gudivada Talook,
North-East of District
80,171
307
No. of Villages affected
6
28
27
14
5
—
Population of affected Villages
4,714
17,259
17,614
12,832
3,879
Cholera Deaths
38
95
211
57
13
...
414
Masulipatam Municipal
. Town, East of Talook
27,902
Population of affected Villages
27.902
Cholera Deaths
4
17
21
18
4
64
Masulipatam Talook,
East of District,
118,620
418
No. of Villages affected
n
13
15
7
2
—
Population of affected Villages
8,079
13,207
15,249
10,621
929
Cholera Deaths
29
207
49
13
2
300
Repalli Talook,
South-East of District
155,092
494
No. of Villages affected
4
4
1
2
—
Population of affected Villages
5,736
4,548
494
1,058
Cholera Deaths
15
35
5
6
...
61
Bapetla Talook,
South of District.
129,528
286
No. of Villages affected
3
3
—
Population of affected Villages
...
...
11,330
2,497
Cholera Deaths
• ••
...
6
4
10
Table showing particulars of Cholera Deaths in each Talook and Munincipal Town of the Kistna District during each month of the year 1870.— (Continued.)
Kistna District.
Population
Total No. of Villages in each Circle ...
Months.
January … … …
February … … …
March … … …
April … … …
May … … …
June … … …
July
…
…
…
August … … …
September… … …
October … … …
November … … …
December… … …
Total...
Rajapett Talook,
South of District.
102,136
253
NO of village affected
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
2
7
…
…
—
Population of affected village
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
2,050
8,639
…
…
cholera deaths
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
8
14
…
…
22
Vennacondah Talook,
South of District.
52,574
190
Population
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
—
CHOLERA DEATH
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
No of village affected
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
—
Paluad Talook,
South-West of District.
106,395
180
population of affected village
...
2 …
1
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Cholera death
…
3,610
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
GO
Population
…
12
6
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
18
Krosur Talook, West
of District.
84,000
234
Cholera Death
…
…
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
—
No of village Affeted
…
…
...
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Population of affected village
…
…
…
...
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
—
Guntoor Municipal
Town, Centre of
Talock.
15,184
Cholera deaths
…
…
…
…
…
15,184 -
…
…
…
…
…
…
No of village affected
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Guntoor Talook,
Centre of District.
98,779
183
No of village affected
…
…
…
…
…
…
4 1
…
…
…
…
—
Population of affected village
…
…
…
…
…
…
4,080
981 …
…
…
…
Cholera deaths
…
…
…
…
…
…
42
2 …
…
…
…
44
Zemindaries.
105,438
367
No of village affected
…
…
…
…
8
22
39 …
3
…
…
—
Population of affected village
…
…
…
…
6,681
16,061
31,196 …
4,216
…
…
Cholera deaths
…
…
…
…
24
268
398
31 …
4
…
…
725-
90
Reproduction in Kist-
na District may be
looked for during 1871.
102. From the fact of the Kistna District but partially suffering during the
year of invasion, a reproduction of cholera may be anticipated
during the current year, should climatic and other causesbe
favourable to the renewal.
Table showing proportion of Deaths to 1000 of Population of the different Talooks and Municipal
Towns of the Kisbna. District during each month of the year 1870.
Talooks and Municipal Towns.
Nundigama Talook ... ...
Bezwada
„ ...
Gudivada
,,
Masulipatam Municipal Town.
Talook
..
...
Kepalli
„ ... ...
Bapetla
,, ... ...
Bajapett
„ ... ...
Vinnacondah „ ... ...
Palnad
,, ... ...
Krosur
„ ... ...
Guntoor Municipal Town. ...
Guntoor Talook ... ...
Zemindaries ... ... ... ...
Jaunuary
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Feburuary
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
March
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.1
...
...
...
...
April
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0-05
...
...
...
...
May
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
June
...
0.05
0·4
0-1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0·2
July
...
l·9
l·l
0.6
0·2
0.09
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2·84
August
...
2·9
2·6
07
1.7
0·2
...
...
...
...
...
...
0·4
3.77
September
...
0·4
07
0·6
0.4
0.03
...
0.07
...
...
...
...
0.02
0·2
Octomber
...
0.02
0·l
0.1
0.1
0-03
0.04
0.1
...
...
...
...
...
0.03
November
...
0.02
...
...
0.01
...
0.03
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
December
Total
...
5·39
. . .
5·16 2·29
...
2·52
0·39
0.07
0.21
0.17
0.44
...
6·87
103. VIZAGAPATAM DISTEICT.—What has been said of the Kistna District
applies also to the Vizagapatam District to the northward. It felt the influence
of the cholera explosion in the Godavery District to a slight extent only, and at
a later date.
Setting aside the few deaths in the early months of the year from the ordinary
spring cholera of the coast, it is evident that the movement of cholera from the
local centre of the Godavery only reached the district in July. The portions
of the district mainly affected were the talooks of Vizianagrum and Bimlipatam,
which being on the high road to the northern port of Bimlipatam, were naturally
brought more into communication with the affected centre of the Godavery
District, than any other talooks. The total of cases was insignificant, and the
following table shows their distribution:—
Table showing particulars of Cholera Deaths in the different Talooks and Municipal Towns of the Vizagapatam District during each month of the year 1870.
Vizagapatam District.
Population
Total number of Villages in
each Circle
Months.
January ...
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August ...
September
October ...
...
November
December
Total...
Palcondah Munici-
pal Town, North
of Talook.
8,410
Population of affected Villages
8,410
Cholera Deaths
...
••
—
Palcondah Talook
North of District.
130,169
509
No. of Villages affected
1
4
2
2
—
Population of affected Villages
736
7,003
3,437
1,637
Cholera Deaths
2
10
8
2
22
Survasidy Talook
South-Bast of
District.
100,030
296
No. of Villages affected
1
3
2
5
Population of affected Villages
737
7,076
2,198
3,303
Cholera Deaths
1
3
2
6
12
Golcondah Talook
South-West of
District.
78,195
591
No. of Villages affected
...
2
—
Population of affected Villages
3,777
...
Cholera Deaths
-
2
2
Parvatipore.
118,900
«
No. of Villages affected
2
1
2
—
Population of affected Villages
2,968
413
1,534
Cholera Deaths
4
1
2
7
Bobbilli
112,367
144
No. of Villages affected
...
1
1
Population of affected Villages
1,055
1,415
Cholera Deaths
1
1
2
Salur.
61,179
2
No. of Villages affected
1
1
—
Population of affected Villages
...
9,278
641
Cholera Deaths
3
1
4
Chipparapally,
162,112
18
No. of Villages affected
2
2
1
2
5
7
1
—
Population of affected Villages
817
1,820
521
2,081
2,511
5,321
1,093
Cholera Deaths
2
2
1
2
10
12
1
30
Gajapatinagrum.
84,306
*
No. of Villages affected
1
...
2
3
2
...
—
Population of affected Villages
899
...
2,106
2,545
1,112
...
Cholera Deaths
1
2
12
3
18
* The districts here referred to are Zemindary estates, and the particulars as to the number of villages are not at hand.— (W. R. C.)
91
92
Table showing the particulars of Cholera Deaths in the different Talooks and Municipal Towns of the Vizagapatam District during each month of the year 1870.—(Continued )
Vizagapatam District.
Population
Total number of Villages in
each Circle.
Months.
January ...
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August ...
September
October ...
...
November
December...
Total...
Yizianagram
Municipal Town.
14,046
No. of Villages affected
—
Population of affected Villages
Cholera Deaths
—
VizianagramTalook
93,134
1,874
No. of Villages affected
1
1
2
2
3
2
—
Population of affected Villages
591
495
4,337
3,003
4,312
1,718
Cholera Deaths
2
1
23
28
3
2
59
Srungavarpu
cotta.
102,232
No. of Villages affected
1
...
1
3
3
2
—
Population of affected Villages
1,185
...
1,127
1,783
6,242
5,572
Cholera Deaths
1
1
5
6
2
15
Bimlipatam
Municipal Town.
5,192
Population of affected Villages
5,192
Cholera Deaths
...
...
2
...
2
Bimlipatam Talook
80,674
*
No. of Villages affected
1
2
2
2
1
3
3
Population of affected Villages
172
2,702
2,064
2,828
2,410
6,023
2,543
Cholera Deaths
1
2
2
34
1
3
3
46
Veravilly.
128,545
No. of Villages affected
2
2
—
Population of affected Villages
2,888
...
3,090
Cholera Deaths
2
...
2
4
Vizagapatam
Municipal Town.
16,867
*
No. of Villages affected
1
1
—
Population of affected Villages
16,867
16,867
Cholera Deaths
3
4
7
Vizagapatam
Talook.
84,066
*
No. of Villages affected
1
1
1
2
2
1
—
Population of affected Villages
2,167
1,300
1,997
977
2,871
712
Cholera Deaths
1
2
2
2
2
2
11
Ankapally.
150,251
38
No. of Villages affected
1
3
...
2
1
—
Population of affected Villages
...
840
7,657
1,834
976
Cholera Deaths
...
7
4
2
5
18
93
(Table showing proportion of Deaths to 1,000 of Population in the different Talooks and Municipal
Towns of the Vizagapatam District, during each month of the yew 1870.
Talooks and Municipal
Town.
Palcondah Municipal
Town
Palcondah Talook ...
Survasidy
„
Golcondah
„
Parvatipore „
Bobbilli
„
Salur...
Chiparapilly „
Gajapatinagrum
Vizianagram Munici-
pal Town.
Vizianagram Talook...
Srungavarapu cottah...
Bimlipatam Municipal
Town
Bimlipatam Talook...
Veravilly
,,
Vizagapatam Munici-
pal Town ...
Vizagapatam Talook...
Ankapally
January. February.
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
March.
0.01
0.009
0.02
April.
0009
0.03
0.006
0.01
0.02
0.04
...
May.
...
...
...
June.
0.02
...
0.04
July.
0.02
0.008
0.008
0.01
0.02
0.2
0.009
0.4
0.04
0.02
August.
0.07
0.01
0.001
0.008
0.04
0.06
0.14
0.3
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.04
September.
0.06
0.05
0.01
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.38
0.03
...
0.1
0.04
0.01
October.
...
...
. • .
...
...
...
November.
0.01
0.006
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.2
0.04
0.03
December.
0.01
...
...
Total.
0.16
0.11
0.02
0.05
0.17
0.06
0.18
0.21
0.63
0.14
0.38
0.57
0.03
0.04
0.13
0.11
104. GANJAM DISTRICT.—While I am relating the history of cholera in the
Northern Districts it may be as well to mention that Ganjam, the district which
lies nearest to, and is apparently a part of, the endemic field of cholera, had
no epidemic during 1870. The reported deaths were exceedingly few. The
following tables give all the necessary particulars in regard to this district.
Whether the slight increase of mortality in the month of August was due to the
northern extension of the Godavery epidemic, or to mere seasonal influences, the
facts at my disposal do not enable me to say. As cholera finds an apparent
difficulty in moving downward from the endemic area through this district to
localities in the south, it may be that it does not readily advance upward, but
the experience of more years is necessary to settle the point.
94
Table showing particulars of Cholera Deaths in the different Talooks and Municipal Towns of the Ganjam
District during each month of the year 1870.
Gangam.
Population.
Total No. of villages
in each. Circle.
Months.
January
February
March ...
April ...
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total...
Goomsoor Talook
134,832
1,090
No. of Villages affected
3
a 9,
1
4
6
3
1
—
Population of affected Villages
1,168
492
670
887
1,472
3,192
1,010
609
Cholera Deaths
3
3
5
3
5
8
6
2
35
Berhampore
Municipal
Town.
20,570
Population
20,570
Cholera Deaths
1
1
2
10
tí
¡20
Berhampore
Talook
194,079
670
No. of Villages affected
3
1
1
1
2
6
4
1
2
—
Population of affected Villages
3,325
500
775
4,587
2,859
9,739
5,032
2,101
1,368
Cholera Deaths
3
1
1
2
2
9
11
1
7
37
Chicacole
Municipal
Town.
14,686
Population
14,686
Cholera Deaths
a
...
...
3
Chicacole
Talook.
139,907
1,081
No. of Villages affected
1
1
1
1
3
5
1
1
1
1
—
Population of affected Village
925
819
314
857
1,615
6,499
349
119
568
300
Cholera Deaths
1
1
1
1
3
6
1
1
1
1
17
Zemindaries.
733,135
2,941
No. of Villages affect
9,
4
i 7
1
S)
25
8
1
4
—
Population of af
3,068
2.912
3 851
2,130
692
8.736
21,737
4,113
1,542
365
Cholera D
3
?,
5
8
1
33
166
46
1
5
270
Table showing proportion of Cholera Deaths to 1,000 of Population of the different Talooks and
Municipal Towns of the Ganjam District, during each month of the year 1870.
Talooks and Municipal
Towns.
Goomsoor Talook
Berhampore Municipal
Town
Berhampore Talook ...
Chicacole
Municipal
Town
Chicacole Talook
Zemindaries ...
January.
0.02
0.04
0.01
...
February.
• • •
0.004
March.
0.02
0.04
0.005
0.007
0.002
April.
0.03
0.005
0.007
0.006
May.
0.02
0.01
0.007
0.01
June.
0.03
0.09
• * «
0.007
0.001
July.
005
0 01
0.02
0.04
August.
0.04
0.4
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.2
September.
0.2
0.05
0.1
0.007
0.06
October.
...
0.007
0.001
November.
0.005
...
0.007
December.
0.01
0.03
0.007
0.006
Total.
0.26
0.97
0.19
0.20
0.12
0.36
105. I have now reviewed the condition of all the districts subjected to a
new invasion of cholera in 1870. The next chapter will be devoted to an account
of the districts, in which cholera was renewed, or reproduced, during the same
period.
95
CHAPTER V.
REPRODUCTION OP CHOLERA IN A PORTION OF THE TRACT INVADED
IN 1869.
Cholera existing in
North Arcot, Nellore,
Salem, and Madras
Districts in January
1870.
106. The cholera of 1869 was still smouldering in the districts of North Arcot,
Nellore, Salem, and Madras at the beginning of the year 1870.
As regards the North Arcot District it was prevalent, but not
very active, in the Zemindary tracts to the north-east of the
district, towards Nellore, and also in Old Arcot. In the
Decay of the epi-
demic in February.
town of Nellore the disease was more common than usual in February, when-
fifty-seven deaths occurred. It died out here and in the
district about the middle of March, and has subsequently
had but a slight prevalence. In the Madras District, cholera was still prevailing
at Conjeeveram in January, but it faded out in February. In the town of Madras
the cholera deaths in January were thirty-seven, but here the disease diminished
during February, and the only noticeable occurrence was a very local outbreak
in a portion of the barracks occupied by H. M.'s 45th Eegiment in Fort Saint
George, the circumstances of which outbreak will be noticed hereafter. In the
Salem District cholera was prevailing to some extent in the month of January.
In the cholera report for 1869, the affection of this district was traced to
importation by pilgrims travelling westward from Tripatty.
Disappearance of
cholera in March and
April.
107. NOETII ARCOT.—At the end of April I proceeded to Vellore, Arcot, and
Wallajahbad to inspect the Municipal towns, and remained at
Vellore and Arcot until the 2nd May. Up to this date the
neighbourhood was quite free of cholera. The weather was
unusually hot and dry; the land winds from the west blew strongly all day, but
towards the afternoon thunder clouds gathered in the north-west, and dust storms
with lightning and thunder, but no rain, came up nearly every evening. Although
no rain fell at Vellore and Arcot up to this time, it was evident that the spring
rains (mango showers) were falling all about the hills to the north of the district,
as may be seen in the following record of mean rain-fall in the several talooks :—
Table showing the amount af Main-fall in April 1870, in the North Arcot District.
Talooks.
Arcot
...
Chendragherry ...
Chittoor ...
G-udiatum
Palmanair.
Polur
Vellore
Wallajah
Wandewash
Average
In April.
Inches.
0.02
1.30
0.4.5
0.20
Days.
1
3
1
1/2
Since January 1st.
Inches.
175
2-27
4 65
1.10
1.15
0.20
0.50
10.5
1.44
Days.
4
5
9
2
3
1
5
4
4
Outbreak in Chittoor
on 2nd May.
108. On the evening of the 2nd May the first case of cholera of the season
occurred IN Chittoor, the suddur station or the district, The
two first persons attacked had been, one for twenty days, and
the other a month in Chittoor, though neither wero residents of the place.
BB