NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
ANTHRAX.
265
An injection of 5 c.c. protected bulls against an inoculation
of Anthrax 48 hours after the serum. Re-tested a month after
the inoculation none shewed any reaction.
SERUM, PLUS VIRUS 14 DAYS AFTER.
Sheep
1
2
3
4
5
25
25
25
25
25
c.c.
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
Lived.
„
Died 2½ days.
Lived.
„
An injection of 25 c.c. serum protected against Anthrax
inoculated two weeks after the serum.
SERUM, PLUS VIRUS 21 DAYS AFTER.
Sheep
1
2
3
4
5
25
25
25
25
25
25
c.c.
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
Lived.
„
„
„
„
Died on 7th day.
An injection of 25 c.c. serum protected against Anthrax
inoculated three weeks after the serum.
SERUM, PLUS VIRUS 42 DAYS AFTER.
Sheep
1
2
5
4
5
25
25
25
25
25
c.c.
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
Died 4½ days.
Lived.
„
Died 3 days.
Lived.
An injection of 25 c.c. serum protected three out of
five sheep against Anthrax inoculated six weeks after the
serum.
PREPARATION OF ANTI-ANTERAX SERUN C.
This serum was prepared from a sheep which was immu-
nised by an injection of anti-serum and virus and subsequently
received subcutaneous injections of a 48 hours' broth culture
of anthrax.
266
ANTHRAX.
Sheep I. Immunised.
14 days interval.
Inoculated 0.25 c.c. broth culture.
14 days interval.
Inoculated 1 c.c. broth culture.
10 days interval.
Inoculated 5 c.c. broth culture.
10 days interval.
Inoculated 20 c.c. broth culture.
14 days interval.
Inoculated 50 c.c. broth culture.
10 days interval.
Inoculated 75 c.c. broth culture.
14 days interval.
Inoculated 100 c.c. broth culture.
14 days interval.
Bled for serum.
TESTING OF ANTI-SERUM C.
Serum, plns Virus 24 hours alter.
Sheep
„
„
„
„
„
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Serum.
10 c.c.
10 „
15 „
15 „
20 „
20 „
Virus.
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
Result.
Lived. No reaction.
„
Temperature reaction.
Died 5th day.
Lived. No reaction.
„
„
„ „
One Control died in 40 hours.
The serum in a dose of 10 c.c. protected sheep against the
virus inoculated 24 hours after.
SEPUM, PLUS VIRUS 24 HOURS AFTER. RE-TESTED AFTER
SIX WEEKS.
Sheep
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Serum.
25 c.c.
25 „
25 „
25 „
25 „
25 „
25 „
25 „
Virus.
c.c.
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
Result.
Lived. No reaction.
„
„
„
„
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
Died after 7 days.
Re-tested
after
days.
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
Result.
Died 3rd day.
„ 4th
„
Lived. No reaction.
„ No tempera-
ture reaction.
„ „
„ „
„ „
ANTHRAX.
267
An injection of 25 c.c. scrum protected seven sheep out of
eight against the virus inoculated 24 hours after. These seven
sheep were re-tested 42 days after the first inoculation. Two
out of the seven died.
TEST OF HORSES, MULES AND DONKEYS.
Serum, plus Virus simultaneously.
The serum was injected on right side and the virus inocu-
lated on the left. The ponies, mules and donkeys were
country-bred and varying in weight from 300 to 500lbs.
Pony
„
„
Mule
„
„
„
Donkey
„
„
„
Australian Horse
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Serum.
25 c.c.
25 „
25 „
50 „
50 „
50 „
50 „
50 „
50 „
25 „
25 „
25 „
Virus.
0.5 c.c.
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
Lived.
„
„
„
„
„
Died 3½
Lived.
„
„
„
Result.
No reaction.
„
„
„
„
Temperature reaction.
days.
No reaction.
Temperature reaction.
„
„
Died 3rd day.
An injection of 25 c.c. for ponies and donkeys and 50 c.c.
for mules protected against a simultaneous inoculation of the
virus on the opposite side.
SEPRUM, PLUS VIRUS 24 HOURS AFTER. RE-TESTED AFTE
SIX WEEKS.
Pony
„
„
„
Donkey
„
No.
1
2
3
4
1
2
Serum.
c.c.
25
25
25
25
25
25
Virus.
c.c.
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Result.
Lived. No reaction.
„ Tempera. „
„
No „
„ „ „
„ „ „
Died 5th day.
Re-tested
after days.
42
42
42
42
42
Result.
Lived. No reaction.
„ „ „
„ „ „
„ „ „ „
„ „ „ „
An injection of 25 c.c. serum protected ponies, country-
bred, about 400 lbs. in weight, against the virus inoculated 24
hours after. These ponies were immune when re-tested six
weeks after the first inoculation.
268
ANTHRAX.
SERUM, PLUS VIRUS AFTER FIVE WEEKS.
Pony
„
„
No.
1
2
3
Scrum.
25 c.c.
25 „
25 „
Virus.
0.5 c.c
0.5 „
0.5 „
Result.
Lived. Temperature reaction.
Died 3rd day.
„ 5th „
An injection of 25 c.c. protected one pony out of three
against the virus inoculated five weeks after the serum. The
immunity following an injection of serum does not last longer
than about three to four weeks.
PREPARATION OF SERUM D.
Serum D. was prepared from a pony.
Pony No. 1. Immunised by an injection of serum and virus.
Interval 14 days.
Inoculated 20 c.c. broth culture 48 hours.
Interval 10 days.
Inoculated 40 c.c. broth culture 48 hours.
Interval 10 days.
Inoculated 150 c.c. broth culture 48 hours.
Interval 10 days.
Inoculated 300 c.c. broth culture 48 hours.
Interval 10 days.
Inoculated 500 c.c. broth culture 48 hours,
interval 14 days.
Inoculated 1,000 c.c. broth culture 48 hours.
Interval 14 days.
Inoculated 1,000 c.c. of 48 hours broth culture mixed with surface growth of three
plates.
interval 14 days.
Inoculated 800 c.c. of 48 hours broth cultures mixed with surface growth of six
plates.
Interval 14 days.
Bled for serum,
TESTING OF ANTI-SERUM D.
Serum, plus Virus 24 hours after.
Sheep
„
„
„
No.
1
2
3
4
Serum.
10 c.c.
10 „
10 „
10 „
Virus.
0.025 c.c.
0.025 „
0.025 „
0.025 „
Result.
Lived. No reaction.
Died in 3½ days.
Lived. No reaction.
„ „ „
Control died in 2½ days.
An injection of 10 c.c. serum protected sheep against the
virus inoculated 24 hours after the serum.
ANTHRAX.
269
SERUM, PLUS VIRUS 24 HOURS AFTER. RE-TESTED
WEEKS.
Sheep
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Serum.
c. c.
10
10
10
15
15
20
20
25
25
Virus.
c.c.
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
Result.
Lived. Temp. re-
action.
„
No reac-
tion.
Died 9 days.
Lived. No reac-
tion.
Died 5 days.
Lived. No reac-
tion.
„ „ „
„ „ „
„ „ „
Re-tested
after days.
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
Result.
Lived. No reaction.
„ „ „
.....
„ Temp. reac-
tion.
„ Temp. reac-
tion.
„ „
„ „
Died 5 days.
Out of nine sheep injected with serum in closes from 10 c.c.
to 25 c.c. seven were protected against the virus inoculated
24 hours after the serum. On being re-tested six weeks after
the first inoculation one of seven died.
TEST ON HORSES, MULES AND DONKEYS.
Serum, plus Virus simultaneously.
The serum was injected on the right side and the virus
on the left. The ponies were country-bred from 300 to 500 lbs.
in weight. The Australian horses about 800 lbs. in weight.
Pony
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Australian
Horse
„
„
Mule
„
Donkey
„
„
„
„
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Serum.
100 c.c.
100 „
100 „
75 „
75 „
50 „
50 „
25 „
25 „
100 „
100 „
100 „
50 „
50 „
50 „
50 „
25 „
25 „
25 „
Virus.
0.5 c.c.
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
Lived.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Result.
No reaction.
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
Died in 3 days.
Lived.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Temperature reaction.
No reaction.
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
„ „
270
ANTHRAX.
The serum in doses from 25 to 100 c.c. protects country-
bred ponies, mules and donkeys against the virus inoculated
simultaneously on the opposite side. An injection of 100 c.c.
protected two Australian horses out of three.
SERUM, PLUS VIRUS 24 HOURS AFTER. RE-TESTED A
SIX WEEKS.
Pony
„
„
„
Donkey
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Serum.
c.c.
25
25
25
25
25
Virus.
c.c.
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Result,
Lived. Temp. re-
action.
„ No reaction
„ „ „
„ „ „
„ „ „
Re-tested
after
days.
42
42
42
42
42
Result.
Lived. No reaction.
„ „ „
„ „ „
„ „ „
„ „ „
An injection of 25 c.c. serum protected four country-bred
ponies and one donkey against the virus inoculated 24 hours
after the serum. These animals were immune when re-tested
six weeks after the first inoculation.
SERTUM, PLUS VIRUS AFTER FIVE WEEKS.
Pony
„
„
„
„
Donkey
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Serum.
50 c.c.
50 „
50 „
50 „
50 „
50 „
Virus.
0.5 c.c
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
0.5 „
Lived.
„
„
Result.
Temperature reaction.
„ „
No reaction.
Died in 4 days.
Lived.
„
No reaction.
„ „
An injection of 50 c.c. serum protected four country-bred
ponies out of five and one donkey against the virus inoculated
five weeks after the first serum injection
CONCLUSIONS.
I. A potent Anti-Anthrax Serum can be prepared from
Cattle, Sheep and Horses.
II. The serum prepared by injections of 48 hours broth
cultures, to which was added an emulsion of Anthrax bacilli
from Agar surface growth, gave best results.
ANTHRAX.
271
III. The serum protects sheep in a dose of 10 c.c.
25 c.c. gives protection to Country-bred Ponies, Mules
and Donkeys. 100 c.c. is necessary for Australian Horses.
These doses protect against the virus inoculated 24 to 48
hours before or after the serum, also against simultaneous in-
oculation of the virus.
As cattle are little susceptible to the inoculated virus,
it is difficult to determine the protective dose against natural
infection.
In the field operations, doses of from 5 c.c. to 20 c.c. have
given good results.
IV. The immunity following an injection of 25 c.c. serum
persists for at least three weeks, in some cases longer.
V. The immunity resulting from the combined use of
serum and virus, was tested up to six weeks. It probably lasts
for some months.
RIEFERENCES.
(1) Pasteur.—Comptes Rendus de l'Acad. des Sciences, 1880-1-2.
(2) Chamberland & Roux.—Comptes Rendus de l'Acad. des Sciences, 1883,
(3) Mac Fadyean.—Journal
of Path. & Bacteriology. Vol. VII, p. 325.
(4) Koch.—Mitteilhungen
aus dem Kaiser. Gesundheitsamte, 1884, Vol. II.
(5) Leclainche & Vallee.— Annales de l' Inst. Pasteur, 1902, Vol. XVI, p. 931.
(6) Law.—Veterinary
Medicine, Vol. IV, p. 217.
(7) Sclaxo.—Cent, fur Bakteriologie, etc., 1895, Band XVIII, p. 744.
(8) Marchoux.—Annales de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1895, Vol. IX, p.9.
(9) Sobernheim.—Zeitschrift fur Hygiene, 1899, Vol. 31, p. 89.
Berliner Klin. Wochenschrift, 1902, No. 22.
(10) Carini.—Schweizer Arch, fur Tierheilkunde, 1904.
(11) Mendez.—Cent, fur Bakteriologie, etc., 1899, Band XXVI, p. 599.
(12) Deutseh.—Impfstoffe und sera. Leipzic, 1903.
(13) Toussaint.—Comptes Rendus de l'Acad. des Sciences, 1880, July 12.
(14) Chauveau.—Comptes Rendus de l'Acad. des Sciences, 1880, October 26th,
(15) Chamberland &Roux.—Annales de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1888, Vol.II.
(16) Law.—Veterinary Medicine, Vol. IV, p. 218.
(17) Arloing.—Comptes Rendus de l'Acad. des Sciences, 1892, Vol. CXIV, p. 1521.
(18) Marmier.—Annales de l'Inst, Pasteur, 1895, Vol. IX, p. 533.
(19) Hankin.—British Medical Journal, 1899, Pt. II, p. 65.
(20) Hankin & Westbrook.—Annales de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1892, Vol. VI, p. 633.
(21) Brieger & Frankel.—Berliner Klin. Wochenschrift, 1890, Nos. 11 and 12.
(22) Martin — Proc. Royal Society, 1890, Vol. XXII, p. 5.
(23) Landi.—Le Bulletin Medicine (ref.) 1861, No 80.
(24) Prtermann.—Annales de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1892, Vol. VI, p. 32.
(25) Bail.—Cent. fur Bakteriologie, etc., 1908, Vol. XLVI, p. 488.
PART V.
MISCELLANEOUS.
" A NOTE ON ELEMENTS
RESEMBLING
SPIRO-
CHÆTES FOUND IN BLOOD
PREPARATIONS
FROM MAN AND
ANIMALS."*
BY
MAJOR J. D. E. HOLMES, M.R C.V S., M.A., D.Sc., I.C.V.D.,
Imperial Bacteriologist to the Govt. of India.
Frequently, on examining blood preparations from animals,
cattle, horses, dogs and camels, suffering from Trypanosomiasis,
Piroplasmosis and other diseases in which extensive blood al-
terations occur, forms very suggestive of spirochætes are met
with. These figures are found both in the cytoplasm of the
red corpuscles and also free in the plasma. When they are
situated within the corpuscle, the red cell stains faintly
and the forms are coloured deeply. The corpuscle may be in-
tact or partly broken up. Some corpuscles are Poly-chro-
matophile. The intracorpuscular figures are of various shapes.
Many resemble a loop of ribbon or string, it may be in form of
a small circle of 1 to 2µ diameter occupying the centre of the
corpuscle. The size of the circle at times attains to the full
circumference of the red cell. The contour may be even or
irregular. At times the edges of the circle are broken. When
this takes place and the broken ends of the circle have reached
the periphery of the corpuscle, the whole cell presents a crescent
shape appearance with the inner rim of curvature stained
deeply. In a few cases I have observed deeply stained spindle-
shaped bodies within the corpuscle. I have never seen more
* Results arrived at in July 1911.
MISCELLANEOUS.
273
than one figure occupying the same red cell. Many of the forms
appear to be leaving the red cell and occupy a position partly
in the cell and partly in the plasma. These same figures are
seen free in the plasma, Some forms not so frequently seen
are very fine thread-like loops in figure of 8, with at times one
or more small nodules of deeper colour. The forms usually seen
free in the plasma resemble a loop of ribbon or string, lying in
the shape of a pessary, sometimes round or oval, frequently
the loop is folded irregularly on itself. Other forms which are
those most suggestive of spirochætes are seen lying free in the
plasma or with one end attached to or lying inside a corpuscle.
The body is tapered at both ends, the thicker part of the body
lies evenly or in spirals. Many appear like two spirochætes
lying closely together and joined at both tapering ends. A
few are in form of spindles.
All these forms I have frequently observed from blood prep-
arations from certain animals. Some of the figures, more
especially those contained within the corpuscle did not give
the impression that they were connected with any form of para-
site. They appeared devoid of structure, or organization.
The irregularity of their size, shape, outline, and their general
appearance inclined one to the belief that they were due to some
alteration in the cytoplasm of the red blood corpuscle. On the
question of the forms seen free in the plasma, it was more diffi-
cult to arrive at a decision. Their morphology bears a very
striking resemblance to that of spirochætes. I made several
attempts to study them in hanging drop and fresh preparations,
but only twice I was able to find these figures in the fresh state,
and their appearance did not assist in coming to a conclusion.
They were floating in the serum, with a rolling motion and
shewed no spontaneous movements. They might have been
dead spirochætes.
Lingard(l) in an article on Spirochætosis met with in
animals in India describes many similar forms. His plates depict
many of the intracorpuscular thread-like figures met with.
He considers them distinct endoglobular forms of spirochætes.
18
274
MISCELLANEOUS.
During the winter of 1909, when examining blood smears
from human patients suffering from a very severe type of
malaria, I found occasionally many of these figures to be free
in the plasma and in the red cells. Fig. 1 A. shows the forms
observed in the blood preparation from an English patient
who died from malaria a few days after the blood smear was
examined.
Fig. 1 B. shows similar figures found in the blood smears
from a native suffering from malaria. The malarial Plasmo-
dium and flagellate blood platelet are also depicted. From the
blood of both these patients guinea-pigs were inoculated with
2 c.c. of blood in 2 c.c. of 1 per cent. Pot. Citrate subcuta-
neously. A few days after the inoculation the charts showed a
slight rise of temperature. Smear preparations from the
blood were made each day. On the third and fourth day and
once at a later period of 8th and 10th day forms described in
Fig. 1 C. and D. were observed in their blood preparations.
The fact that similar figures observed in the blood from
human patients were reproduced in guinea-pigs inoculated
from human blood, appeared to me to be further evidence that
some of these forms were parasitic organisms.
I am indebted to Professor Laveran and to Professor Von
Prowazek who informed me that they considered all these figures
due to a peculiar degeneration of the red corpuscle.
In 1905(2) MM. Edm. and Et. Sergent described two kinds
of elements, hitherto undescribed, in the blood of a certain
number of malarial patients observed by them when studying
malaria in Algiers in 1904. The first of these were in forms
of rings frequently in figures of eight. They appeared to con-
sist of a soft substance and to be devoid of structure. They
took on a deep rose tint when stained by the mixture of blue
and silver eosin. The maximum length is 10 to 12µ, diameter
8µ, and thickness 0.75µ. These figures they termed " Corps
en anneau."
The second elements have a same semi-lunar form. They
possess no structure and they colour more feebly than the
PLATE XXII
A.
Figures found in blood smears from an English Patient who died from Malaria,
B.
Forms observed in blood from a Native suffering from Malaria.
C. & D. Forms observed in smears from Guinea-pigs which had been inoculated with blood
from a Malaria Patient.
MISCELLANEOUS.
275
"Corps en anneau." Both are met with in the same
preparation. The authors found them only in the blood of
malarial patients and in certain animals suffering from
anæmia-producing diseases.
Brumpt(3) calls attention to somewhat similar elements
which he observed in blood preparations from malarial patients.
These figures stain deep violet by the mixture of Blue Borrel
Eosin. They are contained within the red cells in form
generally of a ring about 0 ∙5µ thick, without double contour.
The ring may be folded on itself in. figure of eight or in irregular
loops. A single blood cell may contain several. The author
thought at first that these bodies were identical with the '' Corps
en pessaire " described by the Brothers Sergent. But these
" Corps en pessaire " have a double contour and are often
free in the plasma. Brumpt considers these figures to have the
same significance as the basophilic granulations probably pro
duced by the specific toxins of the Plasmodium præcox and the
Plasmodium falciparum. Instead of remaining isolated these
granules become grouped and take the form of a ring which
the author terms " Anneaux basophiles." Brumpt also des
cribes the giant cells noted by Stephens and Christopher ; also
'' Corps en demi-lune '' described by Ed. and Et. Sergent.
Certain red cells present in their cytoplasm one or more vacuoles ;
these vacuoles are generally at the pole, they increase in size and
compress the cytoplasm which takes the form of a " demi
lune," of which the corners are still united by a fine band.
Sometimes this fine band is broken in the preparation of the
blood smear. Brumpt agrees with the opinion expressed by
Stephens and Christopher that the forms of " demi-lune "
are produced by modifications in the red cells. He does not
consider that they are artefacts of preparation.
Laveran(4) observed the " Corps en pessaire " in bovine
blood. He does not consider that these bodies are special to
malaria blood. He is inclined to believe that they are mechani
cal deformations of the blood cells from anæmic patients. They
are often found in one preparation and absent in several other
276
MISCELLANEOUS.
preparations from the same blood, and also they are much more
numerous in certain parts of the preparation than in others.
C. Nicolle and Comte(5) also attribute the formation of
these bodies to an artefact of preparation and to excessive pres-
sure while drawing the blood smear.
MM. Edm. et Et. Sergent(6) do not agree with this view.
They have found these bodies in preparation made with the
greatest possible precautions and where the blood smear was
drawn over the slide by means of cigarette paper. Brumpt
holds the opinion that these figures are due to blood modifi-
cations caused by toxic secretions and the destruction of the
red blood corpuscles by the parasites of malaria.
It appears to me to be without doubt that the figures des-
cribed by the Sergents, Brumpt and those noted in this paper-
are produced by modifications in the red blood corpuscles,
under the influence of certain diseases, such as malaria, trypano-
somiasis, piroplasmosis, and other anæmic producing affections
and also by hæmolytic agents. It is not, however, clear that
the figures do not exist in the circulating blood, and that they
are produced from the altered corpuscles by mechanical destruc-
tion during the process of the preparation of blood smears.
On two occasions I was able to find when examining blood in a
hanging drop and other fresh preparations, ribbon-like bodies
floating in the plasma, which were undoubtedly the same as
the figure of eight and " Corps en anneaux '' seen in stained
preparations.
LITERATURE.
(1). Journal of Tropical Veterinary Science, Vol. II, 1907.
(2). Société de Biologie, 14th June 1905.
Annales de L'Institut Pasteur, 1905.
(3). Société de Pathologic Exotique, 8th April 1905.
(4). Loco Citato.
(5). Loco Citato.
(6). Société de Biologie, 29th July 1905.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BENGAL VETERINARY COLLEGE
AND OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BENGAL,
FOR THE YEAR
1917-18.
CALCUTTA :
THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPÔT.
1918.
[Price
Indian,
9 annas
; English,
10d.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BENGAL VETERINARY COLLEGE
(INCLUDING THE REPORTS OF THE EPIZOOTIC DISEASES OF ANIMALS DEPARTMENT
IN CALCUTTA AND ITS VICINITY AND THE RAYMOND RESEARCH LABORATORY)
FOR THE YEAR
1917-18.
CALCUTTA :
THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPOT.
1918,
Published at the Bengal Secretariat Book Depot,
Writers' Buildings, Calcutta.
OFFICIAL AGENTS.
In India—
MESSRS. THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta and Simla.
MESSRS. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
MESSRS. HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
MESSRS. THACKER & Co., LD., Bombay.
MESSRS. A. J. COMBRIDGE & Co., Bombay.
THE SUPERINTENDENT, AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon.
MRS. RADHABAI ATMARAM SAGOON, Bombay.
MESSRS. R. CAMBRAY & Co., Calcutta.
RAI SAHIB M. GULAB SINGH & SONS, Proprietors of the Mufid-i-am Press,
Lahore, Punjab.
MESSRS. THOMPSON& Co., Madras.
MESSRS. S. MURTHY & Co., Madras.
MESSRS. GOPAL NARAYAN & Co., Bombay.
MESSRS. B. BANERJEE & Co., 25, Cornwallis Street, Calcutta.
MESSRS. S. K. LAHIRI & Co., Printers and Booksellers, College Street, Calcutta.
MESSRS. V. KALYANARAMA IYER& Co., Booksellers, &c., Madras.
MESSRS. D. B. TARAPOREVALA & SONS, Booksellers, Bombay.
MESSRS. G. A. NATESAN & Co., Madras.
THE INDIAN SCHOOL SUPPLY DEPÔT, 309, Bow Bazar, Calcutta.
MR. SUNDER PANDURANG, Bombay.
MESSRS. A. M. AND J. FERGUSON, Ceylon.
MESSRS. TEMPLE & Co., Madras.
BABU S. C. TALUKDAR, Proprietor, Students & Co., Cooch Behar.
MESSRS. RAMCHANDRA GOVIND AND SON, Booksellers and Publishers, Kalbadevi,
Bombay.
MESSRS. BUTTERWORTH & Co. (INDIA), LD., Calcutta.
THE WELDON LIBRARY, 18-5, Chowringhee Road, Calcutta.
RAI M. C. SARKAR BAHADUR & SONS, 90-2A, Harrison Road, Calcutta.
THE PROPRIETOR OF THE NEWAL KISHORE PRESS, Lucknow.
THE STANDARD LITERATURE COMPANY, LD., 13-1, Old Court House Street,
Calcutta.
MR. G. N. HALDER, Calcutta.
MESSRS. VAS & Co., Madras.
MESSRS. A. H. WHEELER & Co., Allahabad, Calcutta and Bombay.
M. R. RY. E. M. GOPALAKRISHNA KONE, Madras.
MESSRS. RAMA KRISHNA & SONS, Anarkali Street, Lahore.
THE MANAGER, "HITAVADA", Nagpur.
THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION PRESS, Calcutta.
MESSRS. LAL CHAND & SONS, 76, Lower Circular Road, Calcutta.
In Great Britain—
MESSRS. A. CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, London,
W. C.
MESSRS. GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street, London, S. W.
MESSRS. KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., 68-74, Carter Lane, London,
E. C., Oriental Department, 25, Museum Street, London, W. C.
MR. B. QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London, W.
MESSRS. W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane, Ludgate Hill, London, E. C.
MESSRS. P. S. KING & SON, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, London,
S. W.
MESSRS. H. S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, London, E. C.
MR. B. H. BLACKWELL, 50-51, Broad Street, Oxford.
MESSRS. DEIGHTON, BELL & Co., LD., Trinity Street, Cambridge.
MESSRS. LUZAC & CO., 46, Great Russell Street, London, W. C.
MESSRS. OLIVER & BOYD, Tweeddale Court, Edinburgh.
MESSRS. E. PONSONBY, LD., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin.
MR. T. FISHER UNWIN, LD., 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C.
MESSRS. WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 28, Essex Street, Strand, London.
On the Continent—
MR. ERNEST LEROUX, Rue Bonaparte, Paris, France.
MR. MARTIN US NIJHOFF, The Hague, Holland.