Viii
of the distal sderite in Musca. These rods are themselves articulated on to the end of the
anterior sclerite of the labium, which is so greatly increased in thickness and solidarity as to
constitute the strongest part of the haustellum ; the labellar rods are articulated to this sclerite,
which may be called the labial gutter, by their middle portions and are free to move in an
anterior and posterior plane, carrying the teeth with them in all their movements. The teeth
when the proboscis is in a position of rest are folded opposite to one another, with their serrated
edges turned outwards and their apices pointing downwards ; they can be brought into action by
the contraction of the muscle attached to the furca, which tightens and pulls outwards the
membrane to which their bases are attached.
There are thus two ways in which the teeth may be used ; in the first the labellar rods are
rotated in an anterior and posterior plane on their fixed point at the end of the labial gutter,
and the teeth are thus drawn across the surface like a scraper. To render this efficient the
anterior and median sets of muscles have become greatly increased in size, and to provide attach
- m e n t f o r t h e m t h e p o s t e r i o r s u r f a c e o f t h e l a b i a l g u t t e r h a s d e v e l o p e d a p r o m i n e n t k e e l s h a p e d
backward projection, very prominent in transverse sections of the proboscis and recalling the
similar structure seen in Stomoxys. In the second process, the furca is retracted upwards and
the inner wall of the labella tightened, so that the teeth are rotated outwards in the socket formed
by t he di s c a l s c l e r i t e , a nd t he i r c ut t i ng e dge s t hus pul l e d t hr ough t he s ki n of t he hos t . I t i s
probable that both of these mechanisms are used when making the wound from which the By
obtains its food.
The details of the structure of this fly and two others (one a new species) have been closely
studied with a view to following out the development of the structure and mechanism of the
proboscis in the more complex blood sucking Muscids ; the results of this work, and other of a
similar nature, will be published partly in the Bulletin of Medical Entomology and partly in
the scientific memoirs.
Bacterial Vaccines for Prophylactic use. —The only vaccine sent out for prophylactic use was
anti-typhoid vaccine. The doses issued were 500 millions, 1,000 millions and 2,000 millions to
the c. c., respectively. Two hundred and twenty-three such doses were supplied as follows :—
Doses.
The Chief Medical officer, Kolar Gold Fields, Mysore
197
Major Webster, I.M.S., Coonoor
10
The Surgeon, 1st District, Madras
2
The Surgeon, 4th District, Madras
12
The Medical Officer, 86th Carnatic Infantry, St. Thomas' Mount
2
NOTES ON VACCINE THERAPY CONTRIBUTED BY ASSISTANT SURGEON,
M. KESAVA PAI, M.D.
This branch of the work has kept on steadily increasing during The year. Most of the
material received for the preparation of autogenous vaccines was sent from the hospitals of
Madras City. An idea of the volume of work turned out can be had from the fact that well
over 1,600 doses of bacterial vaccines, including both autogenous and stock vaccines were supplied
during the period under report. The autogenous vaccines prepared, together with the results
obtained from their use, are shown in the following table :—
TABLE III.
Number .
Medical Officer.
Disease.
Vaccine made.
Result.
1 Lieut.-Col. G.
G. Giffard, I.M.S.
Puerperal sepsis
Streptococcus
Cured.
2
Do.
Pemphigus
Do. brevis
Child died before vaccine
was ready.
3
Do.
Puerperal fever
Streptococcus
Died before vaccine was
prepared.
4 Captain Brown, I.M.S Boils
Do.
Not known.
5 Major F. F. Elwes, I.M.S.
Alveolar Pyorrbœa
Do.
No effect.
6 Lieut.-Col. G.G. Giffard,
I.M.S.
Puerperal sepsis
Do.
Cured.
7
Do.
Furunoulosis
Staphylococcus aureus and
albus .
Do.
8
Do.
Consecutive nephritis
Diplococcus
No effect.
9
Do.
Furunculosis
Staphylococcus aureus and
albus.
Died from marasmu
s before use of vaccine.
10 Major Niblock, I.M.S. Suppuration adjoining the
mouth.
A diphtheroid bacillus
Cured.
11
Furunculosis
Staphylococcus aureus
Do.
12 Lieut.-Col. G. G. Gifford,
I.M.S.
Puerperal sepsis
Streptococcus. Died before vaccine could
be used.
13
D o .
Puerperal fever Staphylococcus aureus
Not used.
14
Do.
Boils
Do.
Do.