NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
APPENDICES.
19
admissions, discharges, recoveries, and deaths during the year ending
December 1940.
Discharges.
Recoveries.
M.
...
1
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
194
F.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
45
T.
...
1
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
239
Otherwise.
M.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8
F.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
T.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8
Deaths.
M.
...
1
1
3
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
6
99
F.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
24
T.
...
1
1
3
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
6
123
Remaining on
31st December.
M.
14
20
29
22
19
14
...
2
...
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
...
126
755
F.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
120
T.
14
20
29
22
19
14
...
2
...
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
...
126
875
20
APPENDICES
STATEMENT No. VII.—Showing the Probable cause of Insanity in the
Patients admitted into the Mental Hospitals during the year ending
the 31st December 1940.
—
TADAGALE, MENTAL HOSPITAL
Mental Stress—
Moral ... ... ...
Business Worry ... ...
Domestic Worry ... ...
Stress of Military Service ...
Toxins—
Canabis Indica ... ...
Alcohol ... ... ...
Other Toxins ... ...
Physical
...
...
...
Opium ... ... ...
Bodily illness ... ...
Pregnancy ... ... ...
Child Birth ... ... ...
Climecteric ... ... ...
Epilepsy ... ... ...
Head injuries ... ...
Infections—
Encephalitis Lethargica ...
Influenza
... ... ...
Syphilis ... ... ...
Other Infections ... ...
Old Age— ... ... ...
Hereditary predisposition ...
Previous attacks ... ...
Unascertained ... ...
Total ...
Predisposing
Causes.
M.
...
14
4
2
...
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
5
...
12
58
18
49
165
F.
...
...
11
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
...
10
14
3
11
51
T.
...
14
15
2
...
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
7
...
22
72
21
60
216
Exciting
Causes.
M.
...
...
...
...
15
...
...
12
...
41
...
...
...
13
...
...
...
80
...
...
...
...
...
16
F.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
11
...
...
3
...
...
...
...
9
...
...
...
...
...
23
T.
...
...
...
...
15
...
...
12
...
52
...
...
3
13
...
...
...
89
...
...
...
...
...
184
Total.
M.
...
14
4
2
15
3
...
12
...
41
...
...
...
13
...
...
...
85
...
12
58
18
49
326
F.
...
...
11
...
...
...
...
...
...
11
...
...
3
...
...
...
...
11
...
10
14
3
11
74
T.
...
14
15
2
15
3
...
12
...
52
...
...
3
13
...
...
...
96
...
22
72
21
60
400
21
STATEMENT No. VII.—Showing the Probable cause of Insanity in the
Patients admitted during the year ending the 31st December 1940.
—
MINBU MENTAL HOSPITAL.
Mental Stress—
Moral ... ... ...
Business Worry ... ...
Domestic Worry ... ...
Stress of Military Service ...
Toxins—
Canabis Indica ... ...
Alcohol
...
...
...
Other Toxins ... ...
Physical ... ... ...
Opium ... ... ...
Bodily illness ... ...
Pregnancy ... ...
Child Birth ... ...
Climecteric ... ...
Epilepsy ... ... ...
Head injuries
...
...
Infections—
Encephalitis Lethargica ...
Influenza ... ... ...
Syphilis ... ... ...
Other Infections ... ...
Old Age—
Hereditary predisposition ...
Previous attacks ... ...
Unascertained ... ...
Total ...
Provincial Total ...
Predisposing
Causes.
M.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
165
F.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
51
T.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
216
Exciting
Causes.
M.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
NIL
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
161
F.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
23
T.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
184
Total.
M.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
326
F.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
74
T.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
400
3
22
APPENDICES.
STATEMENT No. VIII.—Showing the Cash Account of the Mental Hospitals
Name of Mental
Hospitals.
(1)
Tadagale ...
Minbu ...
Total for 1940
Total for 1939
Total for 1938
Credits.
Received from
the treasury.
(2)
Rs.
2,32,528
20,794
2,53,322
2,38,657
2,42,378
A.
12
0
12
9
6
P.
3
3
6
3
10
Received from
paying patients
(including
Municipalities).
(3)
(A)
Rs.
1,10,712
A.
0
P.
0
...
1,10,712
1,11,475
1,30,146
0
3
3
0
0
0
Value of stores
received from
Manufacturing
Departments
less cost of
raw materials.
(4)
Rs.
2,046
1,879
3,926
4,160
3,974
A.
9
14
7
6
7
P.
0
9
9
4
5
Book receipts,
i.e., the total of
expenditure
entered
in columns
19, 20 and 21.
(5)
Rs.
29,474
*2,090
31,564
38,452
36,146
A.
5
6
11
14
10
P.
6
0
6
3
3
Miscellaneous
receipts.
(6)
(B)
Rs.
6,565
464
7,029
6,054
5,436
A.
9
5
14
11
10
P.
6
0
6
0
0
Name of Mental
Hospitals.
(1)
Tadagale ...
Minbu
...
Total for 1940
Total for 1939
Total for 1938
Charges—
Contingencies.
Contingencies
proper.
(13)
(G)
Rs.
45,562
3,871
49,434
42,599
45,221
A.
14
8
6
4
4
P.
6
3
9
4
2
Repairs and
maintenance.
(14)
Rs. A. P.
...
...
...
...
...
Rates and
taxes.
(15)
(H)
Rs.
18,035
1,361
19,396
15,464
12,927
A.
3
6
9
9
14
P.
0
0
0
0
0
Remitted to
treasury on
account of paying
patients,
(including
Miscellaneous
Receipts).
(16)
(J)
Rs.
1,17,277
464
1,17,741
1,17,530
1,35,582
A.
9
5
14
5
13
P.
6
0
6
0
0
Miscellaneous
items.
(17)
(K)
Rs.
6,704
A.
14
P.
2
...
6,704
6,357
10,519
14
9
0
2
9
6
* Includes value of stores received from manufacturing
(A)
(a) Local Bodies ...
(b) Paying Patients ...
Total ...
Rs.
90,751
19,961
1,10,712
(B)
(a) Sale of Milk ...
(b) Sale of Vegetables ...
(c) Miscellaneous item ...
Total ...
Rs.
4,647
152
1,766
6,565
A.
1
5
2
9
P.
9
9
0
6
(E)
Includes Rs. 623-8-0 on account
of value of clothing supplied by
the prison Department.
(F)
Includes book debit of Rs. 180 paid to Jail
Department for bandage and gauze
cloth.
(J)
(a) Maintenance Charges vide column 3
(b) Miscellaneous Receipts, column 6
Total ...
1,10,712
6,565
1,17,277
0
9
9
0
6
6
G.B.C.P.O.—No 117, I.G.C.H., 5-6-41—270—VII.
APPENDICES.
23
in Burma for the year 1940 and Provincial Totals for two previous years.
Total.
(7)
Rs.
3,81,327
25,228
4,06,555
3,98,801
4,18,082
A.
4
10
14
2
5
P.
3
0
3
10
6
Charges.
Establishment.
Establishment
proper.
(8)
Rs.
99,080
7,372
1,06,453
1,10,948
1,14,361
A.
15
2
1
15
9
P.
0
0
0
0
0
Superinten-
dence.
(9)
(C)
Rs.
25,692
960
26,652
26,256
29,251
A.
1
0
1
0
14
P.
0
0
0
0
0
Diet.
(10)
(D)
Rs.
42,818
7,020
49,838
44,657
45,266
A.
10
0
10
10
5
P.
0
0
0
10
4
Clothing and
bedding.
(11)
(E)
Rs.
1,356
206
1,563
1,663
1,678
A.
14
5
3
1
9
P.
7
0
7
4
4
Bazaar
medicines.
(12)
(F)
Rs.
278
2
281
457
1,010
A.
7
11
2
11
14
P.
0
0
0
0
6
concluded.
Total of columns
8 to 17.
(18)
Rs.
3,56,807
21,258
3,78,065
3,65,935
3,95,820
A.
8
5
14
2
3
P.
9
3
0
3
10
Book Charges.
Charges on
account of
work done by
Public Works
Department.
(19)
Rs.
27,455
1,591
29,046
35,472
32,799
A.
14
0
14
14
1
P.
0
0
0
0
0
Cost of
printed
forms and
stationery.
(20)
Rs.
388
A.
14
P.
6
...
388
386
412
14
3
10
6
3
3
Cost of English
medicines and
stores.
(21)
Rs.
1,629
2,379
4,008
3,996
4,578
A.
9
4
13
12
3
P.
0
9
9
6
5
Total of
columns 18
to 21.
(22)
Rs.
3,86,281
25,228
4,11,510
4,05,791
4,33,610
A.
14
10
8
0
2
P.
3
0
3
0
6
Remarks.
[Give details for
the figures shown in
column 6.]
(23)
TADAGALE,
MENTAL HOSPITAL.
Sale of Milk
Sale
of
Vegetables.
Misc. items
Total
Rs.
4,647
152
1,766
6,565
A.
1
5
2
9
P.
9
9
0
6
MINBU MENTAL
HOSPITAL.
Vegetables
Cloth
Rice
Miscellaneous
Total
Rs.
205
122
124
12
464
A.
0
15
1
4
5
P.
9
0
3
0
0
departments already credited in column 4.
(C)
Includes book debit of Rs. 706-11-0 on
account of leave, pension and
passage contribution of Medical
Superintendent for 1939-40.
(D)
Includes book debit of Rs. 3,602-8-0
on account of cost of atta purchased
from Jail Department.
(G)
Includes book debit of :—
(a) Rs. 217-14-0 for furniture.
(b) Rs. 540-12-0 for menials uniform.
(H)
Includes Rs. 605-14-0 on account of
telephone rent.
(K)
Includes book debit of Rs. 891-8-0 on
account of value of various Jail
Supplies and Cost of Frigidaire.
CHOLERA IN SOUTHERN INDIA.
A RECORD
OF
THE PROGRESS OF CHOLERA IN 1870,
AND
RÉSUMÉ OF THE RECORDS OF FORMER
EPIDEMIC INVASIONS OF THE
MADRAS PRESIDENCY.
BY
SURGEON W. R. CORNISH, F.R.C.S.,
FELLOW OF THE MADRAS UNIVERSITY,
SANITARY COMMISSIONER FOR MADRAS.
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY H. MORGAN, AT THE GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PRESS.
1871.
CHOLERA IN SOUTHERN INDIA.
A RECORD
OP
THE PROGRESS OF CHOLERA IN 1870,
AND
RESUME OF THE RECORDS OF FORMER
EPIDEMIC INVASIONS OF THE
MADRAS PRESIDENCY.
BY
SURGEON W. R. CORNISH, F.R.C.S.,
FELLOW OF THE MADRAS UNIVERSITY,
SANITARY COMMISSIONER FOR MADRAS.
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY H. MORGAN, AT THE GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PRESS.
1871.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
Page.
A retrospective survey of the movement of
cholera in former epidemics essential to a
comprehension of the phenomena of inva-
sion of Southern India
The record of the cholera invasion of 1818...
Investigation of the movement of cholera in
Southern India since 1859
Cholera not endemic in Southern India
Phenomena common to cholera and other
epidemic diseases ...
Tendency of cholera to become extinct in
Southern India defeated by periodical new
invasions from Lower Bengal
Physical condition of districts in which
cholera lingers similar to those of the true
endemic province ...
The movement of cholera in 1818 repeated
more or less completely in subsequent
invasions ...
Period of time occupied in the movement of
cholera from Bengal to Ceylon ...
Cholera does not move into Madras ter-
ritory by the shortest route
Influence of mountain barriers in directing
the movement of cholera ...
The invasions of 1818, 1859,1864, and 1869
compared ...
1
ib.
ib.
2
ib.
ib.
3
ib.
ib.
4
ib.
5
Malligaum
Punderpoor ...
Hoobly
Bellary
Hurryhur
Chittledroog ...
Bangalore
Seringapatam
Mysore
Manantoddy ...
Coimbatore ...
Hyderabad ...
Ghooty
Cuddapah
Tripatti
Chittoor
Vellore
...
. ,
Arcot...
Salem ...
Trichinopoly ...
Tanjore
Madura
Palamcottah ...
Dharwar
Mangalore ...
Cannanore
Tellichei-ry ...
Malabar
Cochin
Alleppy
Quilon
Trevandrum ...
Page.
9
ib.
ib.
10
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
11
... ib.
ib.
ib.
12
ib.
ib.
... ib
ib.
... ib.
ib.
... 13
ib.
ib.
...
... ib
,
ib.
... ib.
... 14
... ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
CHAPTER II.
THE CHOLERA INVASIONS OF 1818, 1859,
AND 1864.
INVASION OF 1818.
Mr. Scott's narrative...
Ganjam ...
Chicacole
Vizagapatam District:
Vizianagram
Vizagapatam
Godavery District:
Rajahmundry
Ellore
Kistna District :
Masulipatam
Guntoor
Nellore District
...
Madras
Poonamallee ...
Saint Thomas' Mount
Wallahjabad ...
Cuddalore
Combaconum...
Nagore
Negapatam
Nagpore, Central Provinces...
Jaulnah
Nusseerabad
5
6
... ib.
... ib.
... ib.
... ib.
ib.
... ib.
7
... ib.
... ib.
... ib.
... ib.
... ib.
...
8
... ib.
... ib.
... ib.
... ib.
... ib.
...
9
THE INVASION OF 1859.
Dr. Bryden's researches fail to give any ac-
count of the invading cholera reaching
Southern India in 1859 ...
Notice of the 1856 invasion...
Western India and the whole Peninsula down
to the 14th degree N.L. covered by cholera
in 1859
Cholera in the Bombay Army, 1859
Invasion of Hyderabad in the Deccan
Kurnool, Cuddapah, Bellary, and Ghooty ...
Vizagapatam, Godavery, and Kistna Districts.
Nellore
Limit of invasion on Eastern Coast south of
the town of Nellore
Western Coast Districts invaded from Bombay
territory
Calicut Jail—Great mortality in October
1859
Cochin
Travancore ...
Particulars of early cases in Cochin...
Exemption of the Southern Districts in the
year of invasion, viz.'
South Arcot
Tanjore District...
Madura...
Triohinopoly District
Tinnevelly District
Coimbatore and Salem ...
...
...
15
ib.
16
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
17
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
18
ib.
vii
CHAPTER VI.
Page.
Table showing the monthly deaths from
cholera in the districts of the Madras Presi-
dency during 1870
134
Table showing total deaths and monthly
mortality from cholera among the Euro-
pean Troops stationed in the Madras Presi-
dency during 1870
...
...
... 136
Table showing the total deaths and mortality
from cholera among the Native Troops... 138
Table showing the total deaths from cholera
among the Jail population
...
... 140
Page.
Table showing admissions and deaths from
cholera in the Old Salem Jail from 1828
to 1838
154
Table showing admissions and deaths from
cholera in the Old Salem Jail from 1855 to
1860
...
...
ib.
Table showing admissions and deaths from
cholera in the New Salem Jail from 1861
to 1870
155
Return showing admissions and deaths from
cholera among in and out-patients in the
Civil Dispensary, Salem, from 1845 to 1870 157
Table showing deaths from cholera among
the families of the Warrant and Non-Com-
missioned Officers of the Ordnance De-
partment from 1868 to 1870
158
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX I.
CHOLERA INQUIRY SPECIAL REPORTS.
(Section V. of the Code of Instruction of the
Army Sanitary Commission.)
Page.
Palaveram ...
...
...
...
...
i
Madura
...
...
...
...
... viii
Salem...
...
... xiv
APPENDIX II.
Memorandum on the alleged immunity from
cholera of Workers in Gunpowder Fac-
Page.
toriesby W. R. Cornish, F.R.C.S., Sanitary
Commissioner for Madras...
...
... XXV
APPENDIX III.
Table showing the distribution of cholera
from 1859 to 1865
xxix
APPENDIX IV.
Statement showing the monthly prevalence
of cholera in the Madras Presidency during
the year 1870
1
CHOLEEA IN SOUTHEBN INDIA.
CHAPTER I.
INTEODUCTOEY REMAEKS.
A retrospective sur-
vey of the movement
of cholera in former
epidemics essential to
a comprehension of
the phenomena of in-
vasion of Southern
India.
1. HAVING been charged by the Government of Madras with the duty of
investigating certain points connected with the progress of
cholera in Southern India, it has seemed to me desirable,
before going on to describe the main facts brought to light
during 1870, and the relation of the cholera of the past year
with that of the years immediately preceding, to take a survey
of the cholera history of former years, as affecting the southern portion of the
Indian Peninsula.
Until quite recently our notions in regard to the causes influencing the
movements, and the effects of season or climate in the development of, cholera
have been extremely vague and unsatisfactory. During the last sixty years many
theories have been propounded to account for the phenomena of cholera epide-
mics, and even in the present day so unsettled are the views of the profession
that the old battle between the " contagionists" and " non-contagionists" bids
fair to be fought over again with all its original fierceness.
One of the most painstaking and intelligent investigators of modern times,
Dr. Bryden, has recently given in his adhesion to the doctrine, that cholera
movement is due in the main to meteorological influences, and that human inter-
course plays but a very secondary part in the distribution of the pestilence.
While views of this nature are declared to be formed on the basis of statistical
data, and while directly contrary theories, the result of experience and induction,
are supported by the great bulk of the profession, both in and out of India, it
behoves the investigator to proceed with caution, and to weigh carefully every
real or assumed fact, before he permits himself to draw inferences therefrom.
The record of the
cholera invasion of
1818.
2. In this view of the case it has seemed to me to be absolutely necessary to
re-examine some of the older data available in regard to the
prevalence of cholera in Southern India. The details of
the epidemic of cholera in the year 1818 were recorded with
the most scrupulous care by the late Mr. W. Scott, Secretary to the Medical
Board, whose report was published in the year 1822, but has long since been
out of print. The many cholera invasions which have affected this Presidency
from 1818 down to 1859, I have not at present the leisure to investigate, and
I am not sure that the whole of the data are available for the production of a
Investigation of the
movement of cholera
in Southern India since
1859.
true narrative of each epidemic invasion. I have chosen,
however, the period commencing with 1859, partly because
it was a year of new invasion of Southern India, (and it was
necessary to follow out the history of a new cholera from its first appearance in
the south to its final decay or replacement by a new invasion,) and partly
because from my late official position as Secretary to the Inspector-General, Indian
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16
Western India and
the whole peninsula
down to the 14th de-
gree North Lat. cover-
ed by cholera in 1859.
progress of cholera in 1859. However this question may be ultimately settled,
there remains the fact that Western India was covered with
cholera in 1859, from Kurrachee in Scinde, to Travancore in
the extreme south of the peninsula. Not only the Western
Coast, but almost the whole breadth of the peninsula, down so far south as the
14th degree of N. Latitude was under the influence of the epidemic.
Cholera in the Bom-
bay Army, 1859,
11. From the Returns of the Bombay Army for 1859-60, given in the
Appendix to the Report of the Royal Sanitary Commission for
India, I have extracted the following figures which illustrate
in some degree the distribution of cholera in 1859 in that Presidency.
Stations.
Mhow
Bombay ...
Sattara ...
Kolapore ...
Belgaum ...
...
...
Ahmedabad
Baroda
Muligaum
Poonah
Kirkee
Nusserabad
Deesa
Sholapore
Surab
Hyderabad (Scinde)
Kurraehee
,,
EUROPEAN
Attacked.
13
1
7
4
70
7
2
1
10
TPROOS,
Died.
8
1
...
5
2
37
3
1
1
...
...
2
NATIVE 1
Attacked.
33
8
15
3
22
6
12
21
...
10
11
...
...
ROOPS.
Died.
16
3
5
1
13
1
5
...
2
4
TOTAL.
Attacked.
46
9
15
3
22
13
16
91
7
2
11
11
10
Died.
24
4
5
1
13
6
7
44
3
1
...
3
4
2
These figures are for the official year ending March. 31st, 18(50, but I have
ascertained that cholera caused nearly the whole of the mortality in the latter
nine months of 1859, and if any confirmation of the fact of the early invasion of
that Presidency in 1859 be wanting, the Mortuary Register for the town of
Bombay will supply it.
Cholera deaths in the town of Bombay, 1859.
Cholera mortality in Bombay in 1859
January.
9
February.
10
March.
9
April.
7
May.
69
June.
84a
July.
329
August.
170
September.
41
October.
83
November.
131
Decembe
282
Here we have evidence of cholera spreading epidemically in Bombay in the
month of May 1859.
Invasion of Hydera-
bad in the Deccan.
12. Coming on southward to the Madras Presidency we find cholera attack-
ing Hyderabad in the Deccan with exceeding force in the
month of May. The cholera mortality in the city during that
epidemic was something appalling, and to this day the cholera out-break of 1859 is
remembered by the native inhabitants as one of the severest visitations that
ever afflicted them. The particulars in regard to troops at Secunderabad will
be found in the tables in the Appendix. Pursuing its way southward, the
Kurnool, Cuddapah,
Bellary, and Ghooty,
Vizagapatam, Goda-
very, and Kistna Dis-
tricts.
Nellore.
invading cholera attacked Kurnool, Bellary, Ghooty, and
Cuddapah, in the same month or early in June. In an
easterly direction it overflowed the Eastern Ghauts, and
affected the Vizagapatam, Godavery, and Kistna coast dis-
tricts in June and July, Nellore was also affected, as the Civil Dispensary
returns show thirty-six cases treated. But this eastern extension must have
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20
At Bellary " no cholera or other epidemic during the year." There were
two cases, but no death, in the European Regiment, and the Native Troops were
quite exempt.
Ghooty in the Bellary District.—" No cholera."
Cuddapah.—There was a reproduction of cholera in 1860.
Kurnool.—Cholera broke out in September amongst the workmen employed
in digging canals for the irrigation channels. The reproduction was not general
in the district.
Mysore Plateau.—Over a great part of the Mysore table-land and even Coorg,
cholera was reproduced in 1860. The troops at Bangalore suffered severely in
this year.
North Arcot.—Cholera generally reproduced in this district in June, July,
and August.
Nellore.—The town of Nellore was free of cholera, but it was reproduced in
the district.
Invasion of Madras
and districts to the
south.
Madras.—When cholera began to reappear in June, in the districts to
the northward, it moved forward in a southerly direction, and
invaded this district and the Presidency town in great force,
causing about 2,500 deaths in June, July, and August,
in the town alone.
South Arcot.—This district was also invaded in 1860 in July; seventy-nine
cases were treated at the Civil Dispensary, Cuddalore.
Tanjore District.—Invaded in force in June.
Tricliinopoly.•—Invaded in July; eighty-eight admissions in the Civil Dis-
pensary.
Madura.—Cholera prevalent, though not bad, in the town; seven admissions.
Tinnevelly.—Cholera broke out in the town of Trichendoor in March, and
in Tinnevelly not until November and December. The mortality in the district
was very large. In the town of Tinnevelly alone, 423 deaths were reported from
the 15th November to 4th January 1861.
19. We see here in this brief summary that in a portion of the tract invaded
in 1859, that is the Hyderabad territory and Bellary District, cholera had nearly
died out in the early part of the following season, while the epidemic moved on
southward in force, covering the Mysore Plateau, and all the districts to the south
of Madras which had constituted the exempted tract of the former year. This
southward movement occurred while the south-west monsoon was prevailing.
There yet remains to be noted the condition of a few other districts in 1860.
Coimbatore and Sa-
lem.
Coimbatore and Salem, both appear to have experienced a new invasion in
1860. In the ten principal streets of Coimbatore town there
died 310 persons from cholera in October, November, and
December.
Northern Coast Dis-
tricts,
The condition of the Northern Coast districts from
Granjam downwards was as follows :—
No movement of
cholera out of Ganjam
in a southerly direc-
tion.
Ganjam.—At Berhampore cholera appeared in July, invading from the
north-west, and pursued its course, according to Dr. Alexander, against the south-
west monsoon wind. (This district lies in geographical contiguity to the
endemic area of Bengal, as mapped out by Dr. Bryden.) If
cholera was making its way out of the endemic area in this
direction it did not get far south, for in the next district,
Vizagapatam, there is no record of any epidemic.
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