NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
62
SURRA.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
Pony C. 56.—660 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
Four days interval.
8th day 800 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
10th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
Four days interval.
15th day 1000 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
16th „ 75 c.c. atoxyl.
17th „ 2.5 gms. ars. ac.
Eight days interval.
26th day 1000 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
27th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
28th day 2 gms. ars. ac.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
Pony C. 57.—550 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
Four days interval.
8th day 800 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
10th day 2 gms. ars. ac.
No further treatment was given as the animal showed
symptoms of poisoning after last dose and remained dull
and off feed for several days.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
Pony C. 58.—460 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
Four days interval.
8th day 800 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
10th day 2 gms. ars. ac.
The pony showed symptoms of poisoning and was dull
and off feed for several days. Treatment was suspended.
Trypanosomes reappeared in the circulation 23 days after
last dose. The animal was then put on treatment with
atoxyl and arsenic in alternate doses.
1st day 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1 gm. ars. ac.
5th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
7th „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
9th day 60 c.c. atoxyl.
11th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
13th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
15th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
SURRA.
63
Pony C. 59.—540 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c ars. ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
Four days interval.
8th day 800 c.c ars. ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
10th day 2 gms. ars. ac
The pony showed symptoms of poisoning and was dull
and off feed for four days. Treatment was suspended for
25 days. No relapse occurred, but as there was a doubt
whether a cure had been effected the animal was put on a
course of atoxyl and arsenic in alternate doses.
1st day 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
5th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
7th „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
9th „ 60 c.c atoxyl.
11th day 2 gms. ars. ac.
13th „ 60 c.c atoxyl.
15th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
17th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
19th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
Pony C. 60.—650 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac
10th day
Four days interval.
8th day 800 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
2 gms. ars. ac.
A relapse occurred three days after last dose. The
animal was then treated with atoxyl and arsenic in alternate
doses.
1st day 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
5th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
7th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
11th day 2 gms. ars. ac.
13th „ 60 c.c atoxyl.
15th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
17th „ 60 cc. atoxyl.
19th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
Pony C. 61.—600 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
Four days interval.
8th day 800 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
10th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
Four days interval.
15th day 1000 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
16th „ 75 c.c. atoxyl.
17th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
Eight days interval.
26th day 1000 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
27th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
28th day 2 gms. ars. ac.
64
SURRA.
Trypanosomes reappeared 12 days after last dose. The
animal was then put on treatment with atoxyl and arsenic
in alternate doses.
1st day 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
5th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
7th „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
11th day 2 gms. ars. ac.
13th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
15th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
17th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
19th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
Pony C. 62.—580 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
The pony showed symptoms of poisoning after last dose.
Treatment was suspended for three weeks. A relapse
occurred, and the animal was then treated with atoxyl and
arsenic in alternate doses.
1st day 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1 gm. ars. ac.
5th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
7th „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
11th day 2 gms. ars. ac.
13th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
15th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
17th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
19th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
Pony C. 63.—500 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd ., 1 gm. ars. ac.
Four days interval.
8th day 700 c.c. ars. ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
The pony showed symptoms of poisoning. Treatment
was suspended for three weeks. No relapse occurred in that
time. Treatment was then changed to atoxyl and arsenic in
alternate doses.
1st day 60 c.c. atoxyl.
3rd „ 1 gm. ars. ac.
5th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
7th „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
9th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
11th day 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
13th „ 60 c.c. atoxyl.
15th „ 1.5 gms. ars. ac.
17th ... 60 c.c. atoxyl.
19th „ 2 gms. ars. ac.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
SURRA.
65
Pony C 64. 580 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. Ars. Ac.
Four days' interval.
8th day 800 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
10th day 2 gms. Ars. Ac.
Four days' interval.
15th day 1000 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
16th „ 75 c.c. Atoxyl.
17th „ 2.5 gms. Ars. Ac.
Eight days' interval.
26th day 1000 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
The pony had colic after last dose and no further treat-
ment was given.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months.
Pony B 6. 580 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. Ars. Ac.
Four days' interval.
8th day 800 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
10th „ 2 gms. Ars. Ac.
Four days' interval.
15th day 1000 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
16th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
17th „ 2 gms. Ars. Ac.
Eight days' interval.
26th day 1000 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
27th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
28th day 1.5 gms. Ars. Ac.
This pony died 23 days after completion of treatment
from injuries received by being cast in the stall at night.
No relapse had occurred.
Pony B 7. 540 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. Ars. Ac.
Four days' interval.
8th day 800 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
10th day 2 gms. Ars. Ac.
Four days' interval.
15th day 1000 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
16th „ 75 c.c. Atoxyl.
17th „ 2.5 gms. Ars. Ac
Eight days' interval.
26th day 800 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
On the 26th day, about two hours after the dose of Ars
Ac. solution had been given, the pony had a severe attack of
tympanitic colic and died in a few hours.
Pony B 8. 550 lbs.
1st day 600 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
2nd „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 1.5 gms. Ars. Ac.
Four days' interval.
8th day 800 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
10th „ 2 gms. Ars. Ac.
Four days' interval.
15th day 800 c.c. Ars. Ac. sol.
5
66
SURRA.
About two hours after the dose of Ars. Ac. solution the
pony had a severe attack of tympanitic colic and died in a
few hours.
The cause of these two fatalities is not known. The
dose of arsenic was not sufficient to cause poisoning, nor did
the symptoms or post-mortem appearances support this view.
The arsenic solution had been made in a large quantity
10,000 c.c. It was several days old. Five other ponies
which received relatively small doses of the same brew of
arsenic solution showed similar symptoms of tympanitis but
recovered on being treated by hypodermic injection of strychnia.
The two cases which succumbed received the usual treatment
with stimulants and carminatives which was of no avail.
RULES FOR TREATMENT OF SURRA.
The following instructions were issued in September
1909 as a guide to veterinary officers in India who proposed
to apply the arsenic treatment to Surra cases in their
district. As it was pointed out that the preparations and
transport of arsenic solutions would be a difficulty in district
work, the method of treatment with atoxyl and arsenic in
bolus was advised.
Rules for Surra Treatment.
I. Solutions of Atoxyl should be freshly prepared
before use in distilled or boiled water. The water should be
allowed to cool before the solution is made. Carbolic Acid
should not be used for sterilizing as it decomposes the
Atoxyl. The solution is to be injected subcutaneously with
the usual aseptic precautions.
The Atoxyl by itself has no curative effect, but ex-
ercises a rapid action in clearing the circulation of mature
trypanosomes. It is, therefore, used only when trypano-
somes are present in the circulation. The use is indicated
SURRA.
67
at the commencement of treatment. If the first dose does
not result in the complete disappearance of trypanosomes
from the blood on the following day, a second injection
of Atoxyl should be given 24 hours after the first dose.
Atoxyl should be kept in the dark. The Atoxyl and
Arsenic should be given after feeding.
II. The injection of Atoxyl has to be followed by ten
doses of Arsenious Acid in ball. Care must be taken in
making up the balls and in mixing the drug with other
ingredients.
The doses which have been determined for horses
according to their weight are detailed in the three attached
tables.
An interval of one day is allowed between each
dose.
The amount of Arsenious Acid is gradually increased.
If after any dose the animal is dull or off feed, the next
dose must be suspended till the symptoms have passed off.
If after any doses the animal is off feed and uneasy and
showing symptoms of colic, this shows that the animal
cannot tolerate the amount of Arsenious Acid in that
dose, and treatment must be suspended till the animal has
recovered and the next lower dose used and no further
increase in the following doses to be made. Animals show-
ing symptoms of colic are to be treated with opium,
chlorodyne or other sedative.
Should trypanosomes reappear in the blood during
treatment with Arsenic, Atoxyl should again be used to
clear the circulation of the parasites after which the Arsenic
is to be continued.
III. Daily examination of the blood should be made
and the result recorded with the daily temperature in the
observation charts. After the completion of the treatment
the animal should be kept under observation, the blood
being examined daily (or at least twice a week) for a period
of two months.
68
SURRA.
If a relapse occurs after the first course of treatment, a
second similar course should be given with slightly increased
doses of Arsenic.
IV. Throughout the treatment the animal should
receive a liberal diet and walking exercise.
This treatment in our hands has given 75 per cent. of
recoveries.
V. If the animal is in a very advanced stage of Surra
and in weak condition, it should be treated with Atoxyl
injection alone at intervals of 3 to 4 days and receive care
and full diet until it has sufficiently recovered to stand the
doses of Arsenic.
Cobs.
Body weight from 300 to 500 lbs.
1st day
3rd „ ..
5th „ ..
7th „ ..
9th „ ..
11th „ ..
13th „ ..
15th „ ..
17th „ ..
19th „ ..
21st „ ..
50 c.c. of 4 per cent. Atoxyl subcutaneously.
1.0 gramme of Arsenlous Acid in ball
1.0 „ „ „
1.25 „ „ „
1.25„ „ „
1.50 „ „ „
1.50 „ „ „
1.75 „ „ „
1.75 „ „ „
2.00 „ „ „
2.00 „ „ „
Light Cavalry Horses.
Body weight from 500 to 800 lbs.
1st day ..
3rd „ ..
5th „ ..
7th „ ..
9th „ ..
11th „ ..
13th „ ..
15th „ ..
17th „ ..
19th „ ..
21st „ ..
75 c.c. of 4 per cent. Atoxyl subcutaneously.
1.0 gramme of Arsenious Acid in balls
1.0 „ „ „
1.5 „ „ „
1.5 „ „ „
1.75 „ „ „
1.75 „ „ „
2.00 „ „ „
2.00 „ „ „
2.5 „ „ „
2.5 „ „ „
SURRA.
69
Heavy Cavalry and Artillery Horses.
Body weight from 800 to 1000 lbs., and upwards.
1st day
3rd „ ..
5th „ ..
7th „ ..
9th „ ..
11th „ ..
13th „ ..
15th „ ..
17th „ ..
19th „ ..
21st „ ..
100 c.c. of 4 per cent. Atoxyl subeutaneously.
1.0 gramme of Arsenious Acid in ball.
1.0 „ „ „
1.5 „ „ „
1.5
„
„
„
2.0 „ „ „
2.0 „ „ „
2.5 „ „ „
2.5 „ „ „
3.0 „ „ „
3.0 „ „ „
Remarks.—Large mules will stand the treatment ad-
vised for heavy horses, and small mules the treatment for
light horses, with the exception that a smaller dose of
Atoxyl must be given.
For large mules 60 to 75 c.c. of a 4 per cent., and
For small mules 50 to 60 c.c. of a 4 per cent.
No reports have been received by me on the results of
the treatment of Surra in the districts. Captain Dawson in
the Indian Veterinary Journal, Vol. I, No. 3, states that
Mr. Gibson, Director of the Vaccine Institute, Madras, has
tried the treatment with complete success.
CONCLUSIONS.
I. The results herein recorded are further evidence
that Arsenic is a specific for Surra in horses; that a perman-
ent cure is effected, and not merely a temporary tolerance
of the disease ; that the treatment is simple, and that by
careful dosage 70% and upwards of Surra cases, even when
contracted spontaneously and in the last stage, can be
cured.
II. Arsenic is best administered in form of Arsenious
Acid, in bolus or in solution. Atoxyl is a convenient form of
giving Arsenic hypodermically.
70
SURRA.
The methods of dosage which have been found success-
ful are:—
(1) Arsenious Acid alone. This is given in bolus, in
gradually increased doses, with one day's interval between
each dose. Eight to ten doses are sufficient.
(2) Atoxyl and Arsenious Acid, given alternately in
gradually increased doses, with one day's interval between
each dose. Five doses of Atoxyl and five doses of Arsenious
Acid are sufficient.
(3) Arsenious Acid in solution, Atoxyl and Arsenious
Acid in bolus. The dose of Arsenious Acid solution is followed
by Atoxyl, and Arsenious Acid, in bolus, on successive days.
The doses are repeated once or twice after an interval of four
days between each series, and finally after an interval of
eight days.
III. The success of the Arsenic treatment of Surra
depends chiefly on the strict observance of the following
principles:—
(a) Arsenic must be given in full sub-toxic doses.
Care should be taken, especially in the earlier part of the
treatment, not to administer doses sufficiently large to cause
symptoms of poisoning, such as colic, loss of appetite, etc.
If this occurs, treatment should be suspended till the animal
has completely recovered. In the meantime, occasional in-
jections of Atoxyl should be given as required.
(6) Arsenic must be administered at intervals, and not
continuously day by day. In the systems of dosage (1)
Arsenious Acid alone, and (2) Atoxyl and Arsenious Acid alter-
nately, experience has proved that one or two days' interval
between doses is necessary. In many experiments where the
doses were given daily, and also when the interval was ex-
tended to three and four days, relapses occurred. In the
third system of treatment (Arsenious Acid solution, Atoxyl and
Arsenious Acid in bolus), the interval between the first, second,
and third series of doses should be four days, and eight days
between the third and fourth series.
SURRA.
71
(c) If the animal is in a very debilitated condition, it is
advisable to clear the circulation of trypanosomes by one or
more injections of Atoxyl and feed carefully for several days
before administering Arsenic by mouth.
(d) Cases which relapse after treatment should be put
on a second course with increased doses, either by the same
or a different system of dosage.
In cases of relapse, and also where treatment is not
well tolerated, it is often advantageous to change the system
of dosage.
(e) Whenever possible, cases should be kept under
observation for a period of two to three months after comple-
tion of treatment. Relapses generally occur within a period
of six weeks.
(f) It is possible to cure Surra by a single dose of
Arsenic. This is not a practical method, as the amount of
Arsenic requisite produces severe symptoms of poisoning and
a large percentage of cases end fatally.
Pony C 7 recovered after a single dose of 1 gm. Arsenic
in bolus.
Mule C 44 recovered after a single dose of 3 gms.
Arsenic in bolus.
Pony C 30 recovered after a single subcutaneous injec-
tion of 200 c.c. of a 4 per cent. solution of Arsacetin.
Pony C 31 recovered after a single subcutaneous injec-
tion of 100 c.c. of a 10 per cent. solution of Soamin.
PLATES XVI TO XXI.
Photographs of the Transport Ponies which recovered after treatment
for Surra. The first photographs were taken at the time of their arrival at
the Laboratory. The second photographs were taken after the three
months period of observation before the animals were returned to the
Transport Corps.
PLATE XVI.
PONY C 49.
Before Treatment.
PONY C 49.
After Treatment.
PLATE XVII.
PONY C 56.
Before Treatment.
PONY C 56.
After Treatment.
PLATE XVIII.
PONY C 57.
Before Treatment.
PONY C 57.
After Treatment.
PLATE XIX.
PONY C 59.
Before Treatment.
PONY C 59.
After Treatment.
PLATE XX.
PONY C 63.
Before Treatment.
PONY C 63.
After Treatment.
PLATE XXI.
PONY C 64.
Before Treatment.
PONY C 64.
After Treatment.
" A FURTHER NOTE ON THE CURE OF SURRA
IN HORSES."
BY
MAJOR J. D. E. HOLMES,M.R.C.V.S., M.A., D.SC., I.C.V.D.,
Imperial Bacteriologist to the Government of India.
Many of the cases described as cured from Surra in the two
preceding papers have been seen and examined on several oc-
casions since the publication of this article.
In no case has a relapse been noticed or reported. Pony
No. C 32 is still at work on the Laboratory Farm. This pony
has been under observation since his treatment in September
1908. Pony No. C 43 is in the possession of one of the Labo-
ratory staff and is in daily work. He was treated for Surra
in July 1909. Horse No. C 17 has been used in harness for the
last two years and was seen recently. He was a spontaneous
case treated in September 1908.
The following ponies have been recently seen at work.
They remain in good condition and free from relapse.
Ponies Nos. C 42, C 43 and C 22.
Regarding the Army Transport Ponies treated for Surra in
the autumn of 1909, the Transport Officer in charge writes:—
From
THE COMMANDANT XI MULE CORPS,
Bareilly,
To
THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGIST,
Bareilly.
Dated 5th December 1910.
" The ponies are still alive and in the Corps. They arrive
here from Ranikhet on 9th instant and will be available for
74
SURRA.
your inspection at any time after that date. I would, however,
mention that, as they will shortly be sold owing to receipt of
remounts, an early inspection is advisable. They have had no
relapse of Surra, but, on the contrary, have kept much fitter
while doing continuous hard work than they were before they
underwent the cure at Muktesar. They have now been con-
tinuously at work on the Kathgodam-Ranikhet road since
September 1910, and before that were working at Bareilly."
In September 1910, during my absence on leave in England,
six mules which had contracted Surra on the Kathgodam road
were sent to the Laboratory for treatment. These mules were
treated by Mr. Cross, Assistant Bacteriologist.
Mule No. 1. 425 lbs. Trypanosomas numerous in blood.
1st day 60 c.c. Atoxyl 4%
3rd „ 0.5 gm. Arsenious Acid.
5th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
7th „
1 gm. Arsenious Acid.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
11th day 1.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
13th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
15th „
2 gms. Arsenious Acid.
17th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
19th „ 2.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months at the Laboratory.
Mule No. 2. 470 lbs. Trypanosomes numerous in blood.
1st day 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 0.5 gm. Arsenious Acid.
5th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
7th „ 1 gm. Arsenious Acid.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
11th day 1.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
13th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
15th „
2 gms. Arsenious Acid.
17th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
19th „ 2.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months at the Laboratory.
Mule No. 3. 500 lbs. Trypanosomes numerous in blood.
1st day 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 0.5 gm. Arsenious Acid.
5th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
7th „
1 gm. Arsenious Acid.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
11th day 1.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
13th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
15th „
2 gms. Arsenious Acid.
17th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
19th „ 2.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months at the Laboratory.
Mule No. 4. 520 lbs. Trypanosomes numerous in blood.
1st day 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 0.5 gm. Arsenious Acid.
5th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
7th „ 1 gm. Arsenious Acid.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
11th day 2 gms. Arsenious Acid.
13th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
15th „ 2.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
17th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
19th „ 2.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
SURRA.
75
Trypanosomes reappeared in the circulation six weeks
after the last close. A second course of treatment was adminis-
tered. Arsenious Acid alone was given.
1st day 1 gm. Arsenious Acid.
3rd „ 1.5 gms.
„
„
5th „ 1.5 „ „ „
9th „ 1.5 „ „ „
11th „ 1.75 „ „ „
13th „ 2 „ „ „
15th day 2 gms. Arsenious Acid.
17th „ 2.5 „ „ „
19th „ 2.5 „ „ „
24th „ 3 „ „ „
27th „ 3 „ „ „
No return of trypanosomes. Kept under observation
3 months at the Laboratory.
Mule No. 5. 500 lbs. Trypanosomes numerous in blood.
1st day 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 0.5 gm. Arsenious Acid.
5th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
7th „ 1 gm. Arsenious Acid.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
11th day 1.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
13th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
15th „ 2 gms. Arsenious Acid.
17th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
19th „ 2.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
Mule No. 6. 480 lbs. Trypanosomes numerous in blood.
1st day 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
3rd „ 0.5 gm. Arsenious Acid.
5th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
7th „ 1. gm. Arsenious Acid.
9th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
11th day 1.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
13th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
15th „ 2 gms. Arsenious Acid.
17th „ 60 c.c. Atoxyl.
19th „ 2.5 gms. Arsenious Acid.
About six weeks after the last dose both these Mules Nos.
5 and 6 showed symptoms of colic. They were dull and off
feed and restless. On the second day they were in great pain
and the usual colic drenches and anodynes had no effect. On
the third day both animals were destroyed. The post-mortem
examination showed evidence of gastritis and nephritis. This
condition was probably due to some dietetic cause. It is pos-
sible that the dose of Arsenic and Atoxyl may have injured the
kidneys and coats of the stomach, but considering the long
interval (six weeks) from the last dose, and that during this
time the animals fed well and were in apparent health it is
hardly probable that any lesions created by the Arsenic were
the cause of death.
The first four mules were returned to work after being kept
under daily observation for 3 months at the Laboratory.
They have now been at work 9 months and remain in good
condition and have not shown any relapse.