NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
128
REPORTS AND RETURNS.
[SECT. XX.
condition of public health in the station and surrounding district. (When
this information is given by the medical officer in the Annual Jail Report, it
need not be repeated here).
II. Detailed, narrative of any epidemic disease. (Vide special instructions
at pages 203-17, vol. i.)
III. Principal diseases and classes of disease prevalent during the year.
IV. Special or remarkable cases suited for communication to the
profession, extracted from the Case Book
.
V. Surgical operations performed during the year, with results.
VI. Economic statistics and management of the hospital, accompanied
by a financial statement showing the income and expenditure and funded
capital of the year in Form (No. 36.)
VII. Condition as to usefulness of Lying-in-Ward, if any.
VIII. Changes in, or additions to hospital buildings, &c. during the year.
Jails.
110. RECORDS.—The Records to be kept by medical officers of jails are
—
1. Medical Officers' Journal.
2. Letter Book.
3. Hospital Register.
4. Abstract of Hospital Register.
5. Diet Roll.
6. Bazaar Medicines.
7. Prescription Book.
8. Case Book.
9. Return Book.
10. Cholera Register.
11. Convalescent Gang Register.
111. JOURNAL.—The medical officer shall place on record in his Journal
every recommendation made by him in connection with the jail, each entry
being serially numbered to facilitate reference.
112. MONTHLY RETURNS.—Within one week after the termination of each
month the medical officer is to submit to the officer in charge of the jail, for
his countersignature and remarks, and immediate transmission to the
Inspector General of Jails, a complete monthly return of sickness and
mortality in the jail under his charge (Form No. 37.) These returns are to
be drawn up in the form prescribed by the Inspector General of Jails, and
are to embrace every circumstance of interest or importance connected with
the health of the prisoners during the month. Duplicate monthly return
of sickness and mortality will also be furnished to Deputy Inspectors General
of Hospitals, for record in the medical department.
SECT. XX.]
REPORTS AND RETURNS.
129
113. ANNUAL RETURNS.—The annual returns of sickness and mortality
in jails will be prepared, for the Calendar year, from the monthly returns, and
will be appended to the annual report. The forms will be supplied by the
Inspecter General of Jails.
114. ANNUAL REPORTS.—Within one month of the end of the calendar,
year, a medical officer of a jail will draw up a report, embracing the following
particulars :—
I. General observations bearing on the climate, seasons, atmospheric
phenomena, &c. ; crops abundant or otherwise, and influence of these on.
public health presence or otherwise of epidemic disease.
II. Jail and hospital : description of their site, accommodation, venti-
lation, drainage water supply, &c.
III. Duty and employment of prisoners, hours. of labour, and effects of
employment on health.
IV. Food and clothing, and their influence on health.
V. Average strength of prisoners, number imprisoned during the year,
number released, deaths, number remaining at the end of the year.
VI. Remarks on the principal diseases, and causes of sickness and
mortality.
VII. Detailed narrative of any epidemic. (As regards the facts to be
noted in cholera outbreaks see Section X., page 203—217)
.
VIII. Whether sickness and mortality have been most prevalent
amongst prisoners lately incarcerated, or those long in confinement, and the
influence of age in this respect.
IX. Cases of disease, worthy of special note, (from the Case Book.)
115. The annual report will be prepared in duplicate, and submitted,
one copy to the Inspector General of Jails, and one to the Administrative
Medical Officer of the Circle, who will forward all annual reports on Jails, to
the Inspector General, Indian Medical Department, not later than 1st of March
in each year.
Police.
116. Monthly reports .—Civil Surgeons in charge of Police Hospi
-tals will furnish monthly reports of sickness and mortality amongst the police
force of the district in Form (No. 38.)
117. ANNUAL REPORTS.—At the end of each calendar year, an annual
return will be prepared by the Medical Officer, and a brief report submitted,
showing the sickness and Mortality during the period, and remarking on
the causes which may have influenced the health of the force. The annual
return and report are to be despatched to the administrative Medical Officer
of the Circle not later than the 31st January of each year.
V O L . I I .
R
SECTION XXI.
TRANSPORT OF TROOPS.
I.—Indian Troop-ships.
II.—Transport of Troops.
III.—Embarkation of Troops.
IV.—Debarkation of Troops.
V.—Sanitary Duties on Board-ship .
1. DEFINITION OF TERM " TRANSPORT."—The ships employed on the
Overland Troop Transport Service are designated. "Her
Majesty's Indian Troop Ships." The term "Transport"
is applicable only to merchant ships engaged on hire.
2. PASSENGERS IN INDIAN TROOP-SHIPS.—None but officers and others
entitled to passages at the public expense are to be
admitted as passengers in Her Majesty's Indian Troop
-ships, while employed in the conveyance of troops to England.
3. All officers who may be entitled to a free passage, or officers ordered
to England on duty, or on medical certifi cate, during
the Troop-ship season. viz., between the 1st Octobe
r a n d 1 s t M a r c h , a n d w h o m a y b e e n t i t l e d t o a p a s s a g e a t t h e e x p e n s e o f t h e
State, are to proceed to Bombay for transport in one of Her Majesty's Troop-
ship.
4. The only circumstances under which such officers will hereafter,
between these dates, be permitted to proceed to England otherwise than by
Her Majesty's Troop-ships are :—
1 stly.—When ordered to accompany troops round the Cape;
2ndly.—When a medical certificate may declare a passage overland to be
positively dangerous to health, and a long sea-voyage essentially necessary;
3rdly .—When a Presidency Medical Board Certificate may, in like
manner, declare that an immediate change to England is urgently necessary,
and that the case will not admit of delay until a passage in one of the Troop-
ships can be provided ;
G. O. G., No. 381.
of 10th Sept. 1867.
G. O. G. G., No
. 1169 of 1867.
G. O. G. G., No. 1109
of 1869.
SECT. XXI.]
TRANSPORT OF TROOPS.
131
4
thty.—When suffering or recovering from a disease of a contagious nature
which a Presidency Medical Board Certificate may declare as not admissible
on board a Troop-ship ;
5thly.—When the Officer Commanding at Bombay certifies that a passage
cannot be provided in any of Her Majesty's Troop-ships during the current
season, and that the officer's services are not required, or are not available for
duty on. other vessels taken up for the conveyance of troops to England.
5. Officers thus proceeding to Bombay, in view of being provided with
a passage in one of Her Majesty's Troop-ships, will be allowed a free passage
by Rail for themselves and for their families.
6. This order cancels G. G. O., No. 926, dated 26th September 1867,
and, in future, officers who may be allowed to embark where they please
under the authority of medical opinion, or who may go home on duty at sea-
sons of the year when Troop-ships do not ply, will be allowed, in lieu of the
rates marginally noted, the actual cost of a
single passage to England by ship or steamer,
the same to be drawn in a contingent bill,
accompanied by Ship Agent's acknowledgment that necessary accommoda
tion has been secured, a free passage by Rail for themselves and their
families to the port of embarkation will also be allowed.
The above rules do not apply to Officers of the Indian Army who are
entitled to passage money under the Military Funds
Rules. Such Officers may have passage in a troop ship
under these rules, or make their own arrangements as
heretofore. When embarking in a troop ship, they will be reimbursed the
deduction on account of table money.
Overland troop service through Egypt.
7. RATIONS ON JOURNEY THROUGH EGYPT.—Every man, woman, and child
over 5 years of age will be supplied, before leaving the
ship, with a ration consisting of cooked preserved
meat, and ½ lb. of biscuits, for consumption on the journey through Egypt, and
each child under 5 years of age will be supplied, before leaving the ship, with
¼ lb. of fresh bread.
8. TRANSIT OF THE SICK.—The sick who can walk are to go with their
batteries, squadrons, or companies.
9. A return signed by the Surgeon in Medical charge of, the troops, of
the number of troops for whom special accommodation is required, is to be
furnished to the Deputy Quarter Master General, or his Assistant by the
Military Commanding Officer on board, by 10 o'clock on the forenoon of the
For a Field Officer ... Rs. 1,700
„ „ Captain
... ,, 1 400
„ „ Subaltern ... „ 1,200
(G. O. G. G., No.
338 of 1870).
G. O. C. C. I., No
305 of 1869.
132
TRANSPORT OF TROOPS.
[SECT. XXI.
day on which the troops are to disembark. These men will proceed with the
second or Head-quarter division in charge of the Senior Medical Officer.
10. A Medical Officer is to be placed in charge of the first division.
11. MEDICAL SUPPLIES.—A field companion, and a tin bottle of water
will be handed to the officer in Medical charge of each division. These
articles (with any bedding furnished in Egypt for the use of the sick) are not
to be taken on boardship ; but on arrival of each division at its destination
are to be given to the Deputy Quarter Master General at Alexandria, or to
the Principal Medical Officer at Suez, on the Railway platform.
12. SICK LEFT IN EGYPT.—If any sick are left in Egypt, their great coats,
packs, sea bag (if any) and complete kit are to be left with them, but no
arms or accoutrements. The Medical Officer will deliver a statement of their
cases to the Surgeon of Suez Hospital.
13. MEDICINES IN INDIAN TRANSPORTS.—The requisite supply of medi-
cines is kept on board each vessel. The dispensary is in charge of a Serjeant
of the Army Hospital Corps, who will discharge the duties of compounder of
medicine on board.
14. Scale of Rations, &c., for Troops in sea voyages .—The scale
of rations, medical comforts, water, and forage for sea
going ships, as laid down in the Regulations for Her
Majesty's Transport Service, is to be observed in respect of all ships employed
by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty as Transports or hired Troop
-ships, and as hereafter detailed, applicable to all English troops embarking
for England, the Colonies, or proceeding from port to port in India.
15. An additional daily ration of ½ oz. lime juice and ½ oz. sugar
(unrefined) for the first 20 days, after leaving any Indian port, increased to
1 oz. of lime juiceand 1 oz. sugar from the 21st day to the end of the
voyage, is allowed in addition to the Admiralty scale.
16. In the case where salt meat, issued for rations on board-ship, loses
(from age or any other causes) one-half of its weight in the process of cooking,
the Military Commanding Officer is to appoint a board of three competent
persons to investigate the circumstances, and if it should prove that there
has been neither carelessness nor ignorance evinced in the cooking of the meat,
the master of the ship is authorized to supply an additional quantity of the
game species equal to one-third of the original quantity or ration.
17. Porter is to be considered as beer or porter.
G. O. G. G., No.
1011 of 1867.
SECT. XXI.]
TRANSPORT OF TROOPS.
133
SCALES OF RATIONS, MEDICAL COMFORTS, WATER, AND FORAGE FOR SEA-GOING
SHIPS.
Troops or Third Class Passengers
.
Scale of Rations per Man.
Days of the Week.
DAILY.
WEEKLY.
S a l t B e e f .
F l o u r . S u e t .
R a i s i n s .
S a l t P o r k .
S p l i t P e a s .
P r e s e r v e d M e a t .
C o m p r e s s e d m i x e d V e g e t a b l e s .
B i s c u i t .
F r e s h B r e a d .
R i c e .
P o r t e r ( o r B e e r ) .
P r e s e r v e d P o t a t o e s ( u n c o o k e d ) .
S u g a r ( u n r e f i n e d ) .
T e a .
V i n e g a r .
M u s t a r d . P i c k l e s ( o f v a r i o u s d e s c r i p t i o n s ) .
P e p p e r , g r o u n d .
Salt
oz
oz
o z
oz oz Pint
oz oz. oz lb oz Pint oz.
o z
oz Pint oz oz, oz oz
Sunday
. . .
. . . . . .
... . . . . . . . . .
. . . 12 ..
. . . 1 . . . 1 2 2 ½ 1/6
½ 6 1 / 6 2
Monday
. . .
. . . 12 6 1 2 . . .
. . .
... 1 12 . . . . . . 1
. . .
4 ½
Tuesday . . .
. . .
. . .
... . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . 1 4 1
. . . 2 ½
Wednesday
. . .
. . .
... . . . ... 12
2 / 9 ... 1 12 . . . . . . 1
. . . 2 ½
Thursday . . .
. . .
1 2
6
1 2 . . . . . ...
1
. . . 1 . . . 1
. . .
4 ½
Friday
. . .
. . .
. . .
... . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . 12 . . . . . . 1 2 2 ½
Saturday . . .
. . .
. . .
... . . . . . . 12 2 / 9 ... 1
. . . 1 . . . 1
. . .
2
½
NOTE.—Spirit is not to be issued, except in special cases on Certificate of the Medical
Officer in charge.
Scale of Rations per Woman.
Days of the Week.
DAILY.
WEEKLY.
S a l t B e e f .
F l o u r .
S u e t . R a i s i n s .
S a l t P o r k .
S p l i t P e a s .
P r e s e r v e d M e a t .
C o m p r e s s e d m i x e d V e g e t a b l e s .
B i s c u i t .
F r e s h B r e a d .
R i c e .
P o r t e r ( o r B e e r ) .
P r e s e r v e d P o t a t o e s ( u n c o o k e d ) .
S u g a r ( u n r e f i n e d ) .
T e a .
V i n e g a r .
M u s t a r d .
P i c k l e s ( o f v a r i o u s d e s c r i p t i o n s ) .
P e p p e r , g r o u n d .
S a l t .
o z
oz oz oz oz Pint
o z oz. oz lb oz Pint oz oz. oz Pint oz oz. oz oz
Sunday
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
... . . .
. . . 8
. . . . . . ¾ . . .
½ 2 2 ½ 1/6
½
6 1 / 6 2
Monday
. . .
. . . 8 6 1 2 . . .
. . .
. . .
1 8 . . . . . . ½
. . . 4 ½
Tuesday . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 8 . . . . . . ¾ 4 ½
. . . 2 ½
Wednesday
...
...
...
...
...
8
2 / 9 . . . 1 8 . . . . . ½
...
2 ½
Thursday . . .
. . . 8 6 1 2
. . . . . . . . . 1 . . . ¾ . . . ½ ..
4 ½
Friday
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
...
. . . . . . 8
. . . 8 . . . . . . ½
2
2 ½
Saturday . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
...
8 2 / 9
. . . 1 . . . ¾
. . .
½ . . .
2 ½
134
TRANSPORT OF TROOPS.
[SECT. XXI.
Scale of Rations per Child of 5 years and under 10 years of Age.
Days of the
Week.
D A I L Y
WEEK
-LY.
S a l t P o r k o r S a l t B e e f . *
F l o u r .
S u e t .
R a i s i n s .
S o u p a n d B o u i l l i .
R i c e .
P r e s e r v e d M e a t .
B i s c u i t .
F r e s h B r e a d .
P r e s e r v e d P o t a t o e s
( u n c o o k e d ) .
S u g a r ( u n r e f i n e d ) .
T e a .
Fr e s h Mi l k. †
S a l t .
oz. oz. oz. oz. Pint oz. oz. oz. lb. oz. oz. oz. int oz.
Sunday
. . .
. . . ...
. . . ...
. . .
...
4 ... ½
2
2
¼
½
1
Monday
. . . 6
3
½ 2
. . .
2 . . .
6 ... ...
3
¼ ½
Tuesday
. . .
. . .
...
. . . ...
. . .
. . . 4 ...
½ 2
2
¼
½
Wednesday ... ... ... ... ...
½
2
. . . 6 ...
. . . 2
¼
½
Thursday
...
6
3
½ 2 ...
... ... ...
½ 2
3
¼
½
Friday
. . .
. . .
...
. . . ...
. . . ...
4 6 ...
2
2
¼
½
Saturday
... ... ... ... ...
½ 2
. . .
. . . ½
. . .
2
¼
½
* Either Salt Pork or Salt Beef are to be issued at the discretion of the Medical
Officer in charge.
† If Desiccated Milk is used, sufficient to make half a pint.
Scale of Rations per Child under 5 years of Age.
Days of the Week.
DAILY.
Biscuit
Powder
or
Rusks.
Sugar,
unre-
fined.
Fresh
Milk.*
Soup and
Bouilli Es-
sence of Beef,
or Mutton
Broth.†
Rice. Oatmeal. Fresh
Bread.
oz.
oz.
Pint.
Pint.
oz.
oz.
lb.
Sunday ...
. . .
½
2
1
S u f f i c i e n t t o m a k e .
½
2
. . .
¼
Monday ...
...
½
2
1
½
2
2
. . .
Tuesday ...
. . .
½
2
1
½
2
. . . ¼
Wednesday
. . .
½
2
1
½
2
2
...
Thursday
. . .
½
2
1
½
2
...
¼
Friday ...
...
½
2
1
½
2
2
. . .
Saturday
. . .
½
2
1
½
2
...
¼
* I f D e s i c c a t e d M i l k i s u s e d , s u f f i c i e n t t o m a k e 1 p i n t .
† These articles are to be provided in equal quantities, and are to be issued alternately.
Soup and Bouilli 51/3 ounce cooked with ¼ pint of water ;—Essence of Beef 1/3 of a quarter-
pi nt cani st er , cooked wi t h ½ pi nt of wat er ; —and Mut t on Br ot h 4 ounces, wi t h a suf f i ci ent
quantity of boiling water, will make the ½ pint required.
SECT. XXI.]
TRANSPORT OF TROOPS.
135
Scale of Medical Comforts for Troops and Third Class Passengers, calculated
for 1,000 persons for 1 day.
(To be provided in addition. to the ordinary Rations)
B r a n d y , b o t t l e .
R u m , g i l l s . *
P o r t W i n e , b o t t l e s .
W h i t e W i n e , b o t t l e s .
P r e s e r v e d M e a t , l b s .
P r e p a r e d S o u p , p i n t s .
E s s e n c e o f B e e f , t i n s ¼ p i n t s .
S a g o , l b s .
A r r o w r o o t , l b s . R i c e , l b s .
P r e s e r v e d M i l k , p i n t s ( i n s m a l l t i n s ) .
L i m e j u i c e , p i n t s . †
S u g a r ( u n r e f i n e d ) f o r L i m e j u i c e l b s . †
S u g a r ( r e f i n e d ) l b s .
T e a , l b s . ( b e s t b l a c k ) .
V i n e g a r , p i n t s .
S o u p , l b s .
P e a r l B a r l e y , l b s .
P r e s e r v e d P o t a t o e s , ( u n c o o k e d ) , l b s .
C o m p r e s s e d m i x e d V e g e t a b l e s , l b s .
P i c k l e s ( o f v a r i o u s d e s c r i p t i o n s ) , b o t t l e s .
C h l o r i d e o f Z i n c , p i n t s ‡ .
A l e o r P o r t e r ( b o t t l e d ) p i n t s . §
1 8 8 4 3 12 50 2 4 8 20 6 20 15 2 2 2 3 12 3 1 4 25
* For occasional issue, at the discretion of the Surgeon.
† Lime-juice, with sugar, is to be issued only on the recommendation of the Surgeon.
‡ A proper supply of Disinfecting Fluid is to be provided for use in the Hold, in addi-
tion to the above quantity of chloride of zinc.
§ This quantity is to be increased at the discretion of the authorities at the Port, in
the event of Porter not being procurable in sufficient quantity as au article of Ration.
NOTES.
(a.) Boys of 10 years and under 14 years of age to receive the woman's
r[ition, but without porter. Boys of 14 years of age, or upwards, to receive
the man's ration, but without prter. Girls of 10 years of age, or upwards,
to receive the woman's ration, but without porter.
(b.) Boys and girls of 17 years of age, or upwards, are to be considered
in all respect as adults.
(c.) Temperance men not receiving porter (or spirit as a substitute)
are each to be allowed, daily, one ounce of sugar, and a quarter of an ounce
of tea, in addition to the quantities of those articles specified in the scale
of rations ; those men who do not receive these additional quantities, will be
credited in office with a penny a day.
(d.) Temperance women not receiving porter, and other women to
whom it may not be-practicable to supply porter, are to be granted a similar
additional allowance of sugar and tea.
(e.) Neither porter nor spirit is to be issued to prisoners or " punishment
men," except under medical advice, and with the sanction of the military
Comm and ing Officer.
136
[SECT. XXI.
TRANSPORT OF TROOPS.
(f.) Preserved meat is to consist of beef and mutton, which are to be
provided in equal quantities, and to be issued alternately.
(g.) Fresh meat and fresh vegetables are to be issued whenever practicable,
1 lb. fresh meat being considered equal to 1 lb. salt meat; but 8 ozs. of fresh
vegetables are to be the ration for men, women, or children. When fresh
vegetables are not procurable, preserved potatoes (uncooked) 2 oz., or com-
pressed mixed vegetables 1 ounce, are to be issued in lieu.
(h.) Fresh vegetables are to be issued, whenever procurable, with salt
or preserved meat, in lieu of the flour, suet, raisins, peas, compressed vege-
tables, preserved potatoes or rice, specified in the scales.
(i.) Fresh meat and fresh vegetables are also to be obtained for two
days' consumption after leaving Port, should the weather admit of their
keeping sweet.
(j.) In cases in which it may be impossible to provide fresh bread, biscuit
is to be issued as the ration in the proportions shown in the respective scales
for men, women, and children. The Commanding Officer of the Troops will
report to the military authorities, on his arrival in Port, if he should consider
that biscuit has at any time been improperly or unnecessarily substituted for
fresh bread.
(k.) Any articles in the foregoing scales of, rations may be stopped or
changed, but only in individual cases upon the special requisition of the
medical officer.
(l.) The scales of rations are to be regarded as generally applicable to
invalids, as well as to persons in health; invalids are, however, to be provided
with fresh bread every day. In ships engaged for the conveyance of invalids,
there is also to be provided a liberal portion of Live-stock (oxen, sheep, and
poultry; but not pigs), with provender and water for their subsistence. The
extent and nature of these supplies are to be, in each case, at the discretion
of the Naval or other Government Authorities at the Port; and they are to
be replenished as far as may be practicable, at any Ports at which the ship
may touch. Issues of poultry are to be made at the discretion of the
Surgeon.
18. WATER.—When there is a distilling apparatus on board, water is to
be issued on the most liberal scale possible; but the minimum daily allowance
of water (distilled or filtered), to be for each individual embarked, including
the crew of the ship, 6 pints when out of the tropics, and one gallon when
within the tropics, which quantities are to suffice them for all purposes.
19.
SCALE OF SUBSTITUTES.—The above scales of rations being sufficiently
varied for health are to be adhered to, except as regards the substitution of
fresh for salted or preserved provisions, when practicable; in the proportions
SECT. XXI.]
TRANSPORT OF TROOPS.
137
shown below. In order, however, to meet cases in which it may be actually
necessary to depart from the scale, a list of equivalents is appended.
Fresh Bread..... 1 lb.
To be esteemed equal to ¾ lb. biscuit.
Flour
3 / 4 l b .
Rice
3/4 lb.
Fresh Meat
...............
1 lb.
To be esteemed equal to 1 lb. salt meat.
Spirit
½ gill. To be esteemed equal to 1 pint Porter.
Coffee (roasted and
ground)
1 oz.
To be esteemed equal to ¼ oz. tea.
Chocolate
1 oz.
FreshVegetables ½ lb.
To be esteemed equal to 2 ozs. preserved potatoes
(uncooked) or 1 oz. compressed mixed vegetables.
Flour
½ lb.
May be issued in lieu of each other.
Split peas
...
2 / 9 p t .
Calavances ...... ½ pt.
Dholl.......... ½ pt.
Rice
¼ lb.
Oatmeal .......... 1/6 pt.
May be issued in 2/9 pint of split peas.
20. Scale of Forage for Horses.
Oats.
Hay.
Bran.
Water.
Vinegar Nitre.
For each
Horse daily.
6 lbs.
10 lbs.
½ peck or
2¼ lbs.
6 Gallons.
Such quantities as may be
required for daily use.
NOTE.—An increased quantity of Bran, not exceeding an additional quarter
peck per day, may be issued in lieu of a portion of the Oats or Hay, when-
ever it may be deemed expedient by the Military Commanding Officer. The
full quantities of the daily ration should not be issued, unless, in the opinion
of the Military Commanding Officer, they are actually required.
All the articles are to be served out by full Imperial Weights or Measures.
21.
A copy of the above rules is to be hung up in a conspicuous situation
between decks, and contiguous to where the provisions may be served out, in
order that all troops embarked may be aware of the rations to which they
are entitled.
II.—Transports
.
G. O. G. No
. 4 1 7 , o f 1 s t D e c .
1805.
22.
ENGAGEMENT OF TRANSPORTS.—The engagement of Transports for
the conveyance of troops to embark from the Presidency is,
under instructions from Government, made by the superin-
tendent of Marine, but prior to any final arrangement being
made for the hire of a vessel, she will be subject to military, medical, and
marine survey.
VOL. II.
2