NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
IP/25/KZ.3 IP
madras
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEISHMAN-
DONOVAN PARASITE IN CIMEX
ROTUNDATUS.
APPENDIX TO ANNUAL REPORT OF BACTERIOLOGICAL
SECTION OF THE KING INSTITUTE,
GUINDY, FOR 1907.
BY
CAPTAIN W. S. PATTON, M.B., I.M.S.
VOLUME II.
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1908.
PLATE I.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEISHMAN -DONOVAN PARASITE IN CIMEX ROTUNDATUS. (SECOND RED
Photogravure.
Survey a India. Offices, Calcutta [illegable]
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEISHMAN-DONOVAN PARASITE IN CIMEX ROTUNDATUS.
Survey of India Offices. Calcutta. September 1907.
A N N U A L R E P O R TU
P O N T H E W O R K O F T H E B A C T E R I O L O G I C A L S E C T I O N O F T H E K I N G I N S T U T I T E O F P R E V E N T I R E M E D I C I N E ,
GUI NDY, F O R
1 9 0 8 - 1 9 0 9 . M A D R A S : P R I N T E D B Y T H E S U P E R I N T E N D E N T , G O V E R N M E N T P R E S S . 1 9 0 9 .
No t f o r s a l e .
ANNUAL REPORT
UPON THE WORK OP THE
BACTERIOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE KING
INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE,
GUINDY,
FOR
1908-1909.
MADRAS :
P RI NT E D B Y T HE S UP E RI NT E NDE NT , GOVE RNME NT P RE S S .
1909.
6
No. 1271–S.
Forwarded.
2. The year under report has been one of transition and as such is not comparable
with the previous years. The most important change that has been brought about
may be briefly described as that of doing away with the pathological part of the work
undertaken by the King Institute, and substituting for it the investigations that .are
more closely connected with the sanitation of the Province. The main point that has
claimed the attention of the work at the Institute is the bacteriology of drinking water.
The results of these investigations form the subject of appendix of this report. As
this portion of the work is written by myself, modesty forbids any further comment
thereon. Many of the subjects dealt with will require confirming by other workers in
different parts of India. The opening of chemical laboratory has been of very great
service to the work of the Institute as a whole but particularly to the work of the
water analysis.
3. . As regards the work in appendix 2 done by Captain Patton very little need
be said. It is a valuable addition to the literature on this subject:
4. A good deal of very useful work of somewhat miscellaneous nature has been
carried out by the present Superintendent Dr. Gibson, a very brief outline of which is
given in this report. The work of Mycetoma is extremely useful and has a practical
application in this part of India which is the home of the disease in question. Dr.
Gibson did not consider that this work had reached a sufficiently advanced stage to be
put in the form of a separate appendix.
5. A glance at the table of samples dealt with during this year and the two
appendices will convince Government that all members of the staff of the Institute have
been working extremely well and that during the year under report very material
advance has been made in the usefulness of the Institute to the Presidency generally.
I wish particularly to draw the attention of Government to the excellent work
done by M.R.Ry. T. Seethapathy Aiyar Avargal, Senior Laboratory Assistant,
and M.R.Ry. V. Govindarajoo Mudaliar, Junior Laboratory Assistant. Both of these
officers have worked with exemplary diligence and zeal. The senior assistant has
conducted the routine bacteriological analysis of water, the junior was occupied with
the research work. M.R.Ry. M. Parameswara Aiyar Avargal, Chemical Assistant, who
has been added to the staff during this year, is a very capable analyst and has carried
out his part of the work extremely satisfactorily. Finally, I wish to bring to the notice
of Government the very excellent way in which Dr. F. M. Gibson has carried out his
very arduous duties of Superintendent of the King Institute. This year has been an
extremely anxious one on account of the prevalence of disease amongst calves. Still
Dr. Gibson has managed the whole of the King Institute in a thoroughl y business-
like style, has effected many minor improvements, superintended the working of the
various laboratories and found time to do a certain amount of research.
Wm WESLEY CLEMESHA, M.D., D.P.H., Major, I.M.S.,
MADRAS,
Ag.
Commissioner for Madras.
30th April 1909.
GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS.
LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENT.
READ--the following paper :—
Letter—from Major W. W. CLEMESHA, M.D., D.PH., I.M.S.. Acting Sanitary
Commissioner for Madras.
To—the Secretary to Government, Local and Municipal Department.
Dated—the 27th May 1909.
No.-1421-S.
I have the honour to forward herewith the annual report of the King Institute
for 1908 with appendices Nos. I and II. As regards the Appendix No. I, it is the
outcome of the research work on the water of the Presidency, a part of which has been
forwarded to Government regularly every quarter. It will be remembered in my
note, No. 1070-S., dated 27th March 1908, it was laid down that all routine work
on the subject of water analysis should be so arranged as to form in itself a research
on the subject. Besides carrying out three quarterly analysis of all the water.
supplies in this Presidency, a large amount of research work has been performed in
order to supplement that on the town supplies. . The subjects that have been so
treated are, the influence of meteorological changes on well waters (studied in the
well of the King Institute), the effect of sunlight on fœcal organisms, as studied
both in laboratory experiments and in nature. For this work a weekly analysis was
taken of the Red Hills lake. The bacteriology of soils that were known to be
highly polluted, was carried out by studying the results of analyses of samples
obtained from the trenching grounds in various parts of the country. Also a great
deal of work has been performed on the bacteriology of fœees of human beings and
domestic animals. As a result of these various researches we have been able to lay
down tentatively standards for purity of drinking-waters in tropical climates. These
will require confirmation by other workers in various parts of India before they
can be looked upon as thoroughly well established, but I feel convinced the foundation
on which these are based is correct in the main.
Naturally a work of this kind is bound to be highly technical. But I would
particularly invite the attention of Government to the conclusions of the various
chapters, to the proposed standards given in chapter XII of this report, and to the
study of the health of the towns provided with protected water-supplies in this
Presidency, described in chapter XV. The more scientific part of this report has
to stand the test of scientific criticisms all over the world therefore I do not propose
to say more on this head. The utility of the conclusions arrived at in chapter XII
(the standards for drinking-waters) and in chapter IV (the result of bacteriological
analysis of trenching ground earth) are obvious.
2
Order—No. 722 L., dated 10th June 1909.
Recorded.
2. The suggestion of the Superintendent regarding the provision of a steam.
steriliser for the institute should form the subject of a separate communication.
(True Extract.)
L. M. WYNOH,
Ag. Secretary to Government.
To the Sanitary Commissioner.
To the Surgeon-General.
To the Sanitary Engineer
.
To the Public Department.
To the Judicial
To the Revenue
To the Assistant Adjutant-General, 9th (Secunderabad) Division, with C.L.
To all Collectors.
To all Presidents of District Boards.
To all Chairmen of Municipal Councils.
To the President, Corporation of Madras.
To the Director of Public Instruction.
To the Accountant-General.
Editors' Table.
Endorsement—No. 723 L., dated 10th June 1909.
Copy to the Government of India, Home Department.
L. M. WYNCH,
Ag. Secretary to Government.
A STUDY OF THE BACTERIOLOGY OF DRINKING
WATER SUPPLIES IN TROPICAL CLIMATES
BY
MAJOR WM. WESLEY CLEMESHA, M.D., D.P.H.,
Acting Sanitary Commissioner for Madras.
ASSISTED BY
ASSISTANT SURGEON T. SEETHAPATHY AIYAR,L.M &S.,
Senior Laboratory Assistant, King Institute, Guindy.
AND
V. GOVINDARAJU MUDALIYAR, B.A.,
Junior Laboratory Assistant, King Institute, Guindy.
BEING
APPENDIX No. 1
TO THE
ANNUAL REPORT ON THE KING INSTITUTE OF
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, MADRAS, FOR 1908.
MADRAS:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1909.
CONTENTS.
PART I.—RESEARCH WORK.
PAGE
CHAPTER
I. Introductory
.
.
.
. .
..
.
3, 4
II. A detailed description of the method employed
..
..
..
..
"
5–11
.
.
"
III. The ' Coli' standard as applied to India
..
.
..
12–17
"
IV. Study of the Bacteriology of earth known to be heavily polluted
..
..
18–24
"
V. Change in the Bacteriological flora of water and fœces during monsoon
weather
.. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25–28
"
VI. Systematic analysis of the water of the King Institute well ..
..
..
29–42
"
VII A study of the Bacteriology of fœces of man and animals ..
.
43–49
"
VIII. The effect of sunlight on fœcal organisms
. . . .
. .
. .
50–64
"
IX.
E f f e c t s o f s u n l i g h t c o n t i n u e d — W e e k l y a n a l y s i s o f t h e R e d H i l l s l a k e
. .
65–69
"
X. The effects of sunlight continued : the results of analyses of the lakes and
reservoirs in the Presidency ..
..
..
..
. .
.. ..
70–74
"
XI. The classification of fœcal organisms according to their power to resist
sunlight ..
..
..
..
......
....
75–79
"XII. Proposed Bacteriological standards for drinking waters in India
..
. .
80–90
„
XIII. Tabular statements of the results of water analyses and remarks thereon ..
91–99
XIV. Chemical analyses of water-supplies in the Madras Presidency
..
..
"
100–103
"
XV. The health of the towns supplied with protected water-supplies
..
..
104–109
PART II.—SEPARATE ANALYSES OF THE VARIOUS WATER-SUPPLIES.
GROUP A.—River Waters
—
Cocanada
..
.. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
113–124
Conjeeveram ..
..
..
.. ..
..
..
..
..
..
125–136
Gudiyáttam ..
.. ..
..
..
..
..
..
.
..
137–146
Kurnool
..
. ..
..
..
..
..
..
147–160
Madura
. . .
. .
. . . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
161–170
Nellore
. . . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
171–182
Tanjore
.
..
.. ..
. .
. .
. . . . .
183–194
Trichinopoly ..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. . . . .
195–206
Tirupati
.
..
. . . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
207–220
GROUP B.—Impounded Surface Waters—
.
Adóni
..
. .
..
..
..
..
. .
.
223–236
Coonoor
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
237–248
Madras
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
249–268
Ootacamund ..
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. . .
269–288
Vellore.. ..
..
..
..
.
. .
..
..
. .
289–300
Vizagapatam ..
. .
. .
. -
. .
. .
. .
301–310
GROUP C.—Well Spring Water—
Cuddapah
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
313–320
..
Dindigul
..
..
..
..
..
. .
. .
. .
..
321–332
Guntúr
..
. . .. .. .. . . . . ..
333–344
Central Jail, Tanjore
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
345, 346
PART I.
RESEARCH WORK.
10
There are one or two practical hints on laboratory organisation, which make the
method given above a very simple matter, although the description would seem to
indicate that it is most tedious and complicated. For these "tips" we are indebted
to Dr. A. C. Houston
(1) It is recommended to provide-oneself with a large number of iron wire loops,
and also a similar number of short lengths of iron wire for inoculating various tubes
from one colony. These iron wire loops and rods take the place of the usual platinum
loop. They can be sterilized in the Autoclave in bunches of a 100 and kept in test
tubes ready. A separate loop or rod is used for each bacteriological operation.
The saving of time thereby effected, by not having to pass the platinum loop through
the flame after each operation, is obvious.
(2) Small racks are necessary for holding six test tubes for the six tests
described. This should be made very small so as to take up a minimum of room in
the incubator; the ones used at the King Institute contain 12 test tubes, that is two
rows of six.
(3) It is very convenient to use a different coloured wool plug for each of the
six test tubes containing the six different sugar media.
(4) For such expensive sugars as dulcit and adonit we use very small test
tubes On the score of economy. Those measuring 3″ by ½″ are quite large enough to
give the reaction satisfactorily and their use effects a large saving.
(5) Always have plenty of sterile pipettes, bent rods, etc., ready at hand.
This saves a great deal of time and temper. By the use of the coloured wools and by
numbering the racks serially all labelling or even numbering of tubes is avoided.
At the risk of repeating ourselves we wish again to lay particular stress on the
necessity of all workers in India using one method, so that results from all parts of
the country can be compared. If Sanitary officers are not prepared to accept the
method described above for routine, it is to be hoped that at least a portion of
their work will be carried out on these lines, so as to increase our knowledge of the
subject as a whole. The results obtained in this Presidency (Madras) will, in all
probability, differ considerably from those in other parts of India. The preponderating
geological formations here are laterite, disintegrating granite, and alluvial gravels and
sand; all these are very porous; it is highly probable that very marked differences will
occur in waters that are derived from soils which are heavy and clayey. Even from the
comparatively small number of figures obtained so far in Madras there can be no doubt
whatever, that the subject is of extreme importance to all sanitarians in the East;
and the necessity for co-ordinating the work of various analysts in one country is too
obvious to need further emphasizing. In conclusion we venture to state that the
method recommended by Dr. MacConkey and used by us at the King Institute has been
found to be the best suited to the present condition of knowledge of the subject in
this country.
11
TABLE
III.
N u m b e r
Lact ose
S a c c h a r o s e
D u l c i t .
A d o n i t
I n u l i n .
P & V r e a c t i o n
I n d o l .
M o t i l i t y
G r a m s s t a i n .
L i q u e f a c t i o n
g e l a t i n e
L i t m u s m i l k . A s i d i l y i n l u t m u s
w h e y
R e d u c t i o n
n i t r a t e s
o
I n
I
P.CENT
...
23
14
20
...
...
25
...
1
2
3
4
5
6
B. Acidi lactici (Euppe)
...
B. Levans
...
..
...
B. Grunthal ..
...
B. Sulcatus gasiformans
..
B. Castellus ...
...
...
B. Vesiculosus
...
...
...
+
+
-
...
...
+
+
—
-
-
...
-
-
—
-
-
...
-
-
+
-
-
...
..•
-
-
+
-
...
•••
-
-
+
-
...
•••
-
+
+
+
-
+
...
-
+
+
+
-
+
+
...
-
-
—
-
--
-
...
-
-
—
-
+
-
...
-
-
+
+
+
+
...
...
+
+
+
+
+
+
...
+
...
-
-
-
-
. . .
...
-
7
8
9
* 10
33
34
35
B. Coli mutabilis (Massini) ...
B. Coli communis
...
B. Cavicidæ ...
B. Schæfferi ...
..
...
...
...
...
...
+
+
+
+
+
-
—
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
—
-
-
+
—
-
-
-
-
+
H+
+
...
+
-
-
-
+
+
...
-
+
...
+
-
...
-
-
-
-
.
-
+
+
...
...
-
+
...
+
+
...
...
...
...
28
...
22
...
-
. . .
...
...
+
. . .
+
+
-
...
..
-
-
...
-
—.
...
...
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
-
1-
+
...
-
..
...
...
...
...
...
.. .
...
...
..
+
-
+
-
-
...
... ...
. . .
...
...
B. Oxytocus pernioiosus
...
...
...
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
26
+
+
+
-
B. Rhinoscleroma Pneumonia
...
...
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
14
...
+
+
. . .
+
+
-
...
+
+
+
-
+
-
-
+
-
+
+
...
...
-
.
B. Neapolitanns
...
...
..,
...
...
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I -
+
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
...
22
...
+
+
+
-
-
-
... +
+
+ I -
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
...
...
... +
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
+
...
+
... +
+
-
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
+
. . .
+
-
+
+
-
+
+
+
-
-
+
...
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
... +
+
-
+
-
-
+
-
+
...
...
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
...
+
+
B. Lactis æmrogenes ...
...
B. Dvsenterica Vitulorum ...
B. Capsulatns (Pfeiffer)
...
B. Gasiformans non-liquefaciens
B. Coscoroba ...
...
...
B. Cloacæ
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
+
+
...
...
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
-
...
... ...
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
...
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
...
...
-
+
-
-
-
-
+
+
...
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
...
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
-
...
...
-
+
+
-
+
+
-
-
...
...
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
...
...
-
+
-
-
+
-
...
+
+
...
+
+
+
+
+
+
- .
..
30
...
...
12
...
...
25
20
...
...
...
+
...
t-•
...
...
+
+
..
...
i +
...
...
-
-
-
-
-
...
25
CHAPTER V.
CHANGE IN THE BACTERIOLOGICAL FLORA OF WATER AND FŒCES DURING
MONSOON WEATHER.
Towards the end. of October 1908 an unusually heavy burst of North-East monsoon
occurred over the whole of the southern portion of India. The rainfall in this area
varied considerably ; the coast towns received the brunt of the cyclone, registering 5
to 10 inches in 24 hours, for some three consecutive days ; Madras received up to the
end of October about 25 inches. Further inland the rainfall appeared to decrease in
proportion as the distance increased from the seaboard, so that towns like Trichinopoly,
Tanjore and Madura received about 3 to 5 inches. In these parts of the country, it
should be stated that, although certain towns registered only 3 inches of rain, the ranges.
of hills and the high ghât lands in the immediate neighbourhood received very much
more, so that there were floods of, considerable magnitude due to the running-off of
water from the high land to the low.
TABLE V
Tabular Statement of Results. of
(a).
Analyses (luring October.
Recent
rainfall.
Bacilli present.
Place where samples came from.
Date.
P
l i t
Remarks.
Inches.c h
S a c o h a - r o s e .
A d o u i t e .
D u l c i t .
I n u l i m
V . & P .
Vizagapatam town supply
...
8th
Oct. ...
I
..
...
..
...
No
rare-
bacilli.
Madura town supply...
...
4.5
+
—
---
--
--
-
+
+
--
—
—
—
No. 39.
No. 10.
Trichinopoly town supply ...
... 20th „ ...
3'0
+ I +
+
+
+
— Oxytocus
perniciosus.
+
+
—
+
+
— No. 69.
Tanjore town supply
...
... 21st „ ...
3. 0
+
—
—
+
—
—
N o . 3 9 .
No. 110.
Well in Central Jail, Tanjore
... 21st „ ...
3.0
+
+
j
+
+
+
-- Oxytocus
perniciosus.
+
+
—
+
+
—. No. O.
Adóni town supply ... ... ... 27th „ ...
Nil
. . .
. .
. . .
" .
No bacilli.
Cuddapah town supply
... 28th „
12.5
+
+
+
+
+
— Oxytocus
perniciosus.
King Institute well, Gitindy, 24th „ ...
15.5
+
+
+
+
+
—
Do.
Madras.
Red Hills lake, Madras ...
...
2Fth „ ...
14.3
+
+
+
+
+
— Oxytocus
perniciosus.
31st „ ...
2 4 . 6
+
+
+
+
--
—
+
+
+
+
—
—
No. 69.
Do.
—
+
—
4- i —
— No. 39.
Human faeces, Madras
::.
... j End of Oct.
33.0
—
—
—
+
— No. 10.
early Nov.
+
+
—
+
—
— No. 67.
—
+
—
+
—
— No. 39.
Cowdung, Madras ...
...
... End of Oct.,
early Nov.
33.0
—
+
—
--
--
—
+
+
—
—
—
—
No. 10.
No. 67.
+
—
--
+
—
— No. 110.
Goat fœces, Madras ...
...
... 26th Oct. ..
17.0
—
—
+ I --
—
—
+
+
--
—
--
—
No. 39.
No. 10.
+
+
—
+
—
— No. 67.
At this time we observed in all samples, taken from places that had received this
heavy rainfall (provided these samples were taken Very shortly after the rain occurred)
that an entirely new set of organisms was present in the water. These new and
rare organisms all fermented inulin.
Up to this time inulin fermenting intestinal
organisms had been rarely met with ; isolated bacilli had been found in sewage and
fœces but only very few m water-supplies. Several different species of bacilli were
7
30
.
King Institute Well.
Sample I—Date, 2nd July—Depth of water in
well 16′—Rainfall during week, light shower.
C o l o n y
N o
S a c c h a r o s e
Dul ci t . A d o n i t .
M o l i t t y
B
(a) Bile salt glucose, medium.
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken
..
1
2
3
+
-I-
+
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
+
+
+
+ I
+
+
IV
1 V
IV
B. Cloaca.
Do.
Do.
G r o u p a n R e m a r k s
I III
1 • •
2 tubes 10 cc.
,, .
•
2 ..
4 + — — — + + IV
Do.
:, , ,
IV
4
„
5 cc.
..
,,
4 .
5
6
+
+
—
—
— —
—
+
-I-
+
+
IV
IV
Do.
Do.
5
„
1 cc.. ,
, ,
5
„
.1 cc.
. •
, ,
1
• •
4
5
7
8
9
+
+
+
—
—
—
—
—
— —
+
+
+
-I-
+
+
IV
IV
IV
Do.
Do.
Do.
5 „ • 01 cc.
, , • • ..
5 10 + — — — + + 1 V
Do.
(b) Fœcal bacilli in 5 c c. and upwards.
Sample II—Date, 9th July—Depth of water,
4″—Rainfall, 3 inch.
(a) Bile salt glucose, medium.
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken ,,
16′ 1.
2
3
4
5
-I-
+
+
+
+
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
+
+
+
+
+
—
+
+
+
+
IV
IV
IV
IV
. Cloacae.*
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Group I,
., II,
„ III
„ IV.
—
1 ..
2 tubes 10 cc,, .
,,
2 .. 6 -I- — — -- + + IV
Do.
4 „
5 cc..,,!
• •
5
1 cc.
, ,
• •
, ,
4
5
, ,
,,
7
8
9
+
+
—
—
—
+
—
—
—
—
—
—
-I-
+
—
-1-
+
+
IV
IV
I I
Do.
Do.
B. Coll Communis.
5
ec.
, ,
1.
, ,
10 + — — — + + IV B. Cloacae.
5 „ .01 cc.
, ,
(b) Fœcal bacilli in •01 cc. and upwards.
3
Sample III—Date, 15th July—Depth of water, 1 — + — — — + II B. Coli Comm-unis, etc Group I,
16′— R a i n f a l l , 7 i n c h o n 1 1 t h J u l y .
2 — + — — — + II
Do.
, ,
II,
(a) Bile salt glucose, medium
3
4
— +
—
—
-
—
-
— +
-+
II
II
Do.
Do.
„ III,
5)
IV,
+ I —
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken .. 1 ,,
5 — + — — — + II
Do.
2 tubes 10 cc.,,
• .
2 .. 6 --
- - -+ II
Do.
7 —
- - -+ II
Do.
4 „ 5 Ile.
:7
• •
5
1 cc.
• •
„
4
5
• c
.
.
8 — + — — — + II
Do.
9 + + — — — + III B. Neapolitanus.
5 „ -1 cc.,,
10 — + — — — + II B. Coli Communis, etc.
5 „ • 01 cc.
,,
• . • • 5
(b) Fœcal bacilli present in • 1 cc. and upwards.
Sample 1V—Date, 22nd July—Depth of water, 1 + — — — + + IV B. Cloaca.
Group I
16′ 1- 1 / 2
″ — R a i n f a l l , f e w d r o p s .
2 + — — — -I- — IV
Do. *
,, II
(a) Bile salt glucose, medium.
+ _ 3 + — — — 1 -1- — IV
Do. *
ft
III
4 + — — — I + — IV
Do. *
,, IV
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken ,, 1 • •
5 + — — — + — IV
Do. *
2 tubes 10
2 • •
1,
6 -I- — — — -I- — IV
Do. *
4
„
5 cc
4
• • 4 • • 7 -I- — — — + — IV
Do. *
5 „ 1 cc... 5 ,,
1,
8 + — — — + — IV
Do. *
5 „ • 1 cc.
,I
• •
• •
5 9 - --+-- IV
Do.
5
• 01 cc.
,,,
,,
• • . , 5 10 - --+— IV
Do. *
(b) Fœcal bacilli in 1 cc. and upwards.
.
Sample V--Date, 31st July—Depth of water,
16′ 1 ½″—Rainfall during week, •05 inch.
(a) Bile salt glucose, medium.
C o l o n y
N o .
S a c c h a r o s e
Dulcit.
A d o o n t
I n u l i n .
P & V
M o t i l i t y
Bacillus.
Group
R e m a r k s
1
2
-1-
+
—
—
— —
— —+
+ +
+
IV
IV
B. Cloacæ.
Do.
Group I,
1 tube
20 cc. of water taken ..
2 tubes
10 cc.
,,
• •
3
4
5
+
+
+
—
—
—
— —
— —
—
+
-I--
+
+
+
+
IV
IV
IV
D o .
Do.
Do.,,
II,
,,I I I ,
, ,
IV,
..
2
..
. .
4
„
5 cc.
,,
-•
2
2
6 -1- — — —+ + IV
Do.
5
,,
1 cc.
, ,
• •
. .
5
.7 + — — — + + IV
Do.
5
,
1 cc.
,,
• •
5
8 + — — —+ + IV
Do.
5
„
• 01 cc.
,,
• -
. .
5
9 — + — — — + II B. Coli Communis, etc.
10 + — — — + -1- IV B. Cloaca.
(b) Fœcal bacilli in 10 cc. and upwards.
Sample VI—Date, 8th August—Depth of water,
16' 2—Rainfall on 7th evening 2 .22 inches.
1
2
+ — - _ + — IV
I
B. Cloacæ
B. Grunthal.*
Group I ,
II
3 + — — — + — IV B. Cloaca
,, III
() Bile salt glucose, medium.
4 + — — — -1- — Iv
Do. *
IV,
5 +--- +— IV
Do*
, ,
+ —
6 +-----1- -- IV
Do.*
7 +--- ++ IV
Do.
1 tube
20 cc. of water taken..
1 ..
8 + — — — + — IV
Do.*
2 tubes
10 cc.
:1
• •
2 . .
4
„
5 cc.
,,
• •
4 ..
5
, 1
1 cc.
,,
—
5 ..
5
„
.1 cc.
,,
.. • •
5
5
„
.01 cc.
,, • . ..
5
(b) Fœcal bacilli in 1 cc. and upwards.
S ample VII—Date, 19th August—Depth of
1 + + + — + — III No. 67.
Group I,
water, 16
′ 6 ″
— R a i n f a l l ,
3 1 i n c h .
(a) Bile salt glucose, medium.
2
3
4
+
+
+
—
—
+
+ —
+ —
-1- —
— —
+ —
— —
IV
IV
III
No.101.
B. Lactis æærogenes or
capsulatus.
B. Pneumonia or rhi•
noscleromatis. , ,
II,
III ,,,
,, IV,
5 + — — — -1- — IV B Cloacæ.*
1 tube
20 cc. of water taken ..
1 ..
6 + + + — + — III No. 67.
2tubes
10 cc.
,,
,,
4
5 cc.
,,
..
/
:.?
4
5
..
..
7
8
9
+
+
+
+
—
—
+ —
— —
— —
+ —
+ +
+ +
III
IV
IV
,,
B. Cloaca).
Do.
5
..
1 cc.
,,
.
5
• 1 cc.
,,
..
.
5 10 + — — — + + IV
Do.
6
„
.01 cc.
,,
• •
..
5
(b) Fœcal bacilli in 1 cc. and upwards.
1 — + — — — + II B. Coll Communia, etc. Group I,
ample VIII—Date, 26th August—Depth of 2 — + — — -- + II
Do.
, ,
lr
water, 18 ′—Rainfall, 3.6 inches on 25th.
3
4
+
—
+
+
— —
— —
— —
— +
DI
11
B. Neapolitanus.
B. Coli • ommunis, eta.
„ II
, ,
IV
5
--
+ II
Do.
(a) Bile salt glucose, medium.
6
7
+
—
__
+
+ —
— —
+ _
— —
i v
II
B. Lactis Aerogences or
B. Coli, etc.*
+ —
8 — + — — — — II
Do.
9 + — — — + + IV B.
1 tube
20 cc. of water taken ,,
1
. .
10 + + — — — — III B. Neapolitanus.
2 tubes
19 cc.
..
2 ..
11 + — — — + — IV B. Cloa
Cloaca).
ca).*
4
12 + —
- + + IV
Do.
4 ,,
5 cc.
,, . ..
.. 13 + + — — — — III B. N eapolitanus.
5 ,,
1 cc.
,,
..
5 . , 14
15
— + — —
--
— —
+—
II
III
B. Coli Communis, etc.*
N O. 75.
5 „
.11. cc.
,, •
3
2 16 —
-- +— II No. 87.
5 „
01 cc.
,,
. . ..
5 17 — + — — — — II B. Coli, etc.*
18 + -1- — — — III B. Neapolitanus.
(b) Fœcal bacilli in • 1 cc.
19
20
— +
— +
— —
—
— —
— —
II
II
B. Coli Communis,etc.*
Do.*