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Chemotherapy of Helminthic Infections of Domestic Animals
are removed within 5 hours.
Pumpkin seeds are useful against tapeworms
of dogs and man. The dose for dogs is 5 gm.
and for man 30 gm., and its administration
should be followed by a purgative.
The following drugs have proved to be effec
tive against the heart worm of dogs, Dirofilaria
immitis:
(1) According to Brown and Sheldon [1941],
a ten-day course of daily intra-muscular injec
tions of 1 to 2 c.c. of Fuadin and the oral
administration, twice daily, of 20 to 25 gm. of
sulphanilamide. The onset of otochitis indi
cates the death of the parasites.
(2) Five injections of 6 c.c. of Antimosan at
an interval of three to four days. [Kaka, 1937].
(3) 'Stibsol' (antimonian-3-catechol-thiosali-
cilic acid-sodium, containing 30 per cent
of antimony) has been
recommended by
Brown and Austin (1939). It kills the female
worms in the right side of the heart of the
dog, and the dead worms are absorbed by the
lungs. It also removes microfilariæ from the
circulatory system. Two or three intra-venous
injections are sufficient. The treatment is
equally effective against heavy and light infec
tions.
HELMINTHS OF POULTRY
Carbon tetrachloride is very effective against
the large round worms of poultry. Tetrach ore-
thylene has also been claimed to be a good
remedy, but it is not so effective as the former
drug. The dose is 1 to 2 c.c. with 3 to 4 c.c.
of oil. Both are powerful agents, and therefore
over-dosing should be avoided.
The drug
should be administered in a gelatin capsule
or through a flexible rubber tube introduced
directly into the crop.
Colloidal iodine preparations are becoming
popular and have proved satisfactory. A 10
per cent solution in water injected into the
gizzard, in doses of 1 oz. to a bird weighing 4
lb., is stated to have removed 89 per cent of
nematode, and cestodes. The worms evacuated
were completely dead. Stafseth and Thompson
[1932] claim it to be 100 per cent. effective
against tape and round-worms.
Phenothiazine in doses of 0.2 to 0.5 gm. is
satisfactory for Heterakis and Capillaria.
Bleecker and Smith [1933] claim that a
mixture of nicotine sulnhate and kamaln. in the
proportion of one-fourth drachm to 0.2 c.c., is
100 per cent effective for all common worms
of fowls, with the exception, of cæcal worms.
Levine [1938] states that the areca nut is the
only successful drug for the removal of Davainea
proglottina. It removes all scoiices. The dose
is 2 gm. to a chicken.
Synthetic pelltierine, tin oleate, stannous
oxalate and tetra-iso-butyl-tin remove Raillie-
tina cesticellus and Hymenolepis carioca of
chickens.
Recently Harwood and Guthrie [1940] have
struck a despondent note regarding all treat
ments of poultry tæniasis. They tried 223 sub
stances and 27 mixtures. Of these only lead
arsenate exhibited any promise as a poultry
tæniacide, but it was found to be too toxic in
effective doses to be recommended for general
use.
Pyrethrum powder containing 8 per cent
pyrethrine is considered to be 95 per cent
effective against Ascaridia galli. The dose is
200 mg. to be administered in gelatin capsules.
An aqueous solution of the drug, 1 in 100, is
also used administered through a - gum elast c
tube.
N-butyl chloride is stated to be very good for
Ascaridia. The dose, according to Wright and
collaborators [1933] is 1-6 c.c.
The following drugs have been stated to be
very effective against gapeworms:
Clapham [1935] recommends the administra
tion of garlic oil or the synthetic product, allyl
sulphide, into the trachea by means of a
pipette.
The dose ranges from ⅓ to 3 min.
to be given as a 33.3 to 50 per cent solution
in linseed oil. The drug is very powerful, rup
tures the worms and renders the eggs sterile.
Allyl sulphide is cheap and less pungent.
Delaphane and Stuart [1939] treated gape-
worms of pheasants with 100 per cent success
by instilling a few drops of iodine vermicide
into the trachea.
Wehr and collaborators [1939] found that
the dusting of birds with barium antimony
tartrate powder is more than 98 per cent
successful against gapeworms.
The drug is
automatically inhaled.
Our experience at Mukteswar shows that
birds fed on bits of raw garlic carry very little
worm burden.
CUTANEOUS HELMINTHIASIS
For parafilariasis, Losev and collaborators
[1937] recommend subcutaneous or intra
venous injections of an aqueous solution of
iodine and the washing of the affected areas
with 1 per cent phenol. Intravenous injections
of 100 c.c. of 2 per cent aqueous extract of
tartar emetic have also been recommended.