NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
160
Immunization against Rinderpest by Scarification Method
The calves were weaned at birth, and fed on milk
obtained from immune dairy cows. Of these, 20
calves and the four hill bulls were inoculated by
scarification, and the remaining five by the sub-
cutaneous route, with one and the same brew of
vaccine.
TABLE I
Reaction following immunization and results of the immunity tests
Animal
B.C. . .
Do. .
H.C. . .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
B.C. . .
Do. .
H. C. 79 .
B.C. . .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
H.C. . .
Do. .
B.C. .
H.C. . .
Do. .
H.C. 102 .
H.B. . .
H.C. . .
H.C.104 .
H.C. . .
B.C. . .
H.B. . .
H.B. 152 .
H.B. 416 .
Immunized on 7-4-1941
Method of immuni-
zation
Scarification . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . .
Subcutaneous . .
Scarification . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Subcutaneous . .
Scarification . .
Do.
.
.
.
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . .
Subcutaneous . .
Scarification . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Subcutaneous . .
Do. . . .
Scarification . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Reaction
No reaction . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Fever . . .
No reaction . .
Mild fever . .
Fever 13th and 14th
day, partial loss of
appetite
No reaction . .
Do. . .
Fever, partial loss of
appetite
No reaction . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Mild fever . . .
No reaction . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
H. fever, diarrhoea,
loss of appetite
Mild fever . .
Fever . . .
No reaction . .
Fever, partial loss
of appetite
Delayed fever, diarr-
hoea, loss of appe-
tite
Fever 3rd day only
Mild fever . .
Remarks
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
B.S.—Neg.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Immunity tests
Date
1-8-41
1-8-41
1-8-41
1-8-41
1-8-41
7-10-41
7-10-41
7-10-41
7-10-41
7-10-41
7-10-41
12-1-42
12-1-42
12-1-42
12-1-42
12-1-42
12-1-42
22-4-42
22-4-42
22-4-42
22-4-42
22-4-42
22-4-12
22-4-42
Reaction
No reaction . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Fever . . .
Mild fever . .
No reaction . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Mild fever . .
H. fever, diarrhoea,
loss of appetite
No reaction . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Mild fever . .
No reaction . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
Fever 10th day .
No reaction . .
Do. . . .
Fever 10th day .
Died from causes other then rinderpest on 29-7-41
Died from causes other than rinderpest on 6-5-41
Died of rinderpest on 20-4-11
Died on 29-4-41
Died on 30-4-41
Result
Immune .
Do. .
Do. .
Partially im-
mune
Do.
.
Immune .
Do. .
Do. .
Partially im-
mune
Susceptible .
Immune .
Do.
.
Do. .
Do. .
Partially im-
mune
Immune .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Remarks
..
..
..
Recovered
Do.
..
..
..
Recovered
Do.
..
..
..
..
Recovered
..
..
..
..
..
B.S.—B. Big
..
..
B.S— B. Big
Abbreviations:—
B.S = blood smear II.B. = hill bull
B. Big. = babesia bigemina
Neg. = negative
H.C. = Heifer calf
B.C. = bull calf
H. fever = High fever
Reactions (Table I). Of the 20 calves inocu-
lated by scarification, 17 manifested no reaction,
local or general, during the two weeks period of
observation, while the remaining three calves
showed only a mild thermal reaction. The reactions
of these 20 calves are consolidated in a composite
chart (Fig. 1). The five calves inoculated sub-
cutaneously showed a moderate thermal reaction
168
Breeding Experiment with Goats
10 only. Their sires are given in Table IV. There
are also two daughters of the fourth progeny which
came in milk before March 1941 but their sires are
unknown and no use is made of their records in
this report.
TABLE III
Buckwise distribution of daughters of the second
progeny
Buck No.
(1)
48M . .
49M . .
50M . .
144M . .
152M . .
631M . .
633M . .
Total .
Unknown .
Total number of
daughters from
these
(2)
4
9
7
10
25
1
15
71
?
Number of daugh-
ters completing at
least one lactation
(3)
2
2
4
1
8
1
6
24
5
TABLE IV
Buckwise distribution of daughters of the third
progeny
Buck No.
(1)
333M . .
389M . .
631M . .
633M . .
Total .
Unknown
Total number of
daughters from
these
(2)
8
15
2
13
38
?
Number of daugh-
ters completing at
least one lactation
(3)
1
1
2
5
9
1
The farm-bred bucks used on the farm have the
following pedigrees. Pedigrees of the original
bucks are not known.
152 M
333M
389M
633M
144M
48M
Purchased Dam 53
48M
Purchased Dam 82
152M
1st Progeny Dam 297
144M
1st Progeny Dam 221
49M
Purchased Dam 74
48M
Purchased Dam 74
48M
Purchased Dam 66
The performances of the dams involved in these
pedigrees are given in Table V. A few other bucks
were also used on the farm during this period but
their daughters either died or were not in milk till
March 1941.
TABLE V
Performances of dams involved in the pedigrees of
stud-bucks
Date of
kidding
milk
yield
during
lactation
oz.
Average
milk
yield
during
lactation
oz.
Number
of days
in milk
Dam No. 53 of the foundation stock
6-12-31
4-10-32
22-11-33
21-11-34
29- 5-35
Average
4363
5633
5376
4356
1344
4234.4
17
19
25
33
24
22.1
255
296
217
133
56
191.4
Dam No. 74 of the foundation stock
15-12-31
7-5-33
24- 3-34
27- 2-35
Average
7158
4294
3142
2884
4369.5
32
20
26
41
27.7
226
213
123
70
158.0
Dam No. 82 of the foundation stock
17-11-31
1- 5-33
25- 1-34
27-11-34
10-11-35
Average.
3918
5044
5530
4720
1776
4197.6
13
25
28
28
16
21.2
309
205
195
169
110
197.6
Dam No. 66 of the foundation stock
20-3-32
19-1-33
Average
7086
5440
6263.0
30
29
29.5
235
189
212.0
Dam No. 221 of the first progeny
17-10-34
7- 5-35
5-11-35
8-11-36
13- 5-37
8-11-37
6-6-38
Average
5804
4550
7560
6664
4600
6906
2390
5496.3
36
36
37
36
39
44
33
37.6
162
127
204
185
118
156
72
146.3
Dam No. 297 of the first progeny
10-1-36
18-2-37
26-11-37
5-12-38
12-9-39
9- 5-40
20-2-41
Average
7628
8560
35
46
219
188
Average
yield
during
kidding
interval
oz.
14.4
13.8
14.8
23.0
. . .
15.6
14.1
13.4
9.3
...
12.3
7.4
18.8
18.1
13.6
...
14.5
23.2
...
23.2
28.7
25.0
20.5
35.8
25.7
32.9
...
28.1
19.3
30.5
Remained sick during lactation
period
7484
5609
2374
4684
6056.5
37
35
24
32
35.5
205
169
97
146
170.7
26.6
23.4
12.7
20.2
22.1
170
Breeding Experiment with Goats
TABLE VII
Progeny tests for bucks 48M, 49M and 50M
48M
49M
50M
Foundation
stock
First progeny
Foundation
stock
First progeny
Foundation
stock
First progeny
Average . .
Standard error
Average . .
Standard error
t
Average . .
Standard error
Average . .
Standard error
t
Average . .
Average . .
t
Number
of
goats
(2)
11
14
6
8
1
1
Number
of
lactations
(3)
38
55
25
35
3
5
Total
milk
yield
oz.
(4)
4498.1
302.5
6199.5
353.8
3.4**
4392.7
269.1
4920.7
346.8
1.1
5702.0
5891.2
Length of
lactation
days
(5)
173.6
12.5
178.2
8.1
0.3
161.4
10.3
157.0
7.6
0.3
197.3
167.4
Average
milk yield
per day of
lactation
oz.
(6)
25.9
2.3
34.8
4.4
2.8**
27.2
3.5
31.3
3.0
0.9
28.9
35.2
Number
of
goats
(7)
9
12
5
7
...
1
1
Values of t for the comparison of the bucks 48M and 49M
1.8
0.7
Number
of
lactations
(8)
24
45
18
31
2
4
Length of
kidding
Interval
days
(9)
299.5
20.8
286.9
15.2
0.5
293.4
20.6
268.5
15.2
1.0
302.5
337.5
Average
milk
yield per
day of
kidding
interval
oz.
(10)
17.5
1.7
23.2
0.8
3.2**
15.4
2.4
18.2
2.0
1.0
22.5
17.0
0.8
It will be seen that the performance of the first
progeny over their dams for sire 48M alone is signi-
ficant, suggesting that this sire was a good trans-
mitter provided the superior performance of the
first progeny was not brought about by better con-
ditions in the later years. The performances of the
first progeny sired by bucks 49M and 50M were not
significant. The significance of the difference in
the climatic conditions can be best appreciated
from Table VIII, showing the distribution of lacta-
tions of the foundation stock and the first progeny
in the different years. Each year has been divided
in this table according as the lactations followed
the summer or the winter kidding. It will be seen
from this table that in the case of foundation stock
the majority of the lactations were completed
before 1934 summer while in the case of the first
progeny the majority of the lactations were com-
pleted during the period from 1934-38. It will
also be seen that there is relatively a larger number
of winter kiddings in the first progeny than in the
foundation stock. Hence the difference in the per-
formance of the foundation stock and of the first
progeny may be to a certain extent attributed to
the difference in the two periods and to the unequal
numbers of winter and summer kiddings in
the two progenies. As, however, we do not know
how and which of the climatic factors influence the
milk yield, it is hardly possible to make any allow-
ance for the seasonal effect. The best we can do is
to compare the lactations of the two groups falling
in common years, although even here the first pro-
geny will have an advantage over their mothers in
so far as it will constitute a comparison between the
TABLE VIII
Distribution of lactations
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
W.
S .
W .
S .
W .
S .
W .
S .
W .
S .
W .
S .
W .
S .
W .
S .
W .
S .
W .
Total .
48M
Dams
5
3
3
5
3
3
3
4
1
..
1
1
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
34
Daugh-
ters
..
..
..
..
..
1
3
3
9
1
5
6
5
1
4
4
..
2
..
44
49M
Dams
2
2
1
6
1
4
3
2
3
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26
Daugh-
ters
..
..
..
..
..
2
3
2
5
5
3
4
5
1
4
1
2
2
1
40
P. V.
SUKHATME
173
TABLE XI
Progeny tests for bucks 152 M and 633 M
152M
633M
1st progeny
Average . . .
Standard error . .
2nd progeny
Average . . .
Standard error . .
. . . .
1st progeny
Average . . .
Standard error . .
2nd progeny
Average . . .
Standard error . .
. . . .
. . . .
No. of
goats
5
8
5
6
Total
milk yield
oz.
5200.8
991.1
4560.0
541.0
0.6
5290.0
890.4
4226.5
406.0
1.2
No. of
days in
milk
165.0
29.7
155.8
15.0
0.3
174.8
27.1
175.2
12.0
0.01
Average
milk
yield per
day
oz.
31.5
1.8
29.3
0.7
1.1
30.3
0.9
24.1
1.6
3.4**
No. of
goats
5
7
5
6
Kidding
interval
299.4
63.2
268.3
36.5
0.4
271.4
34.1
357.3
51.0
1.2
Values of t for the comparison of the Bucks 152M and 633M
0.3
1.5
Average
milk yield
per day
of kid-
ding
interval
oz.
17.4
1.4
15.2
1.2
1.1
19.5
0.7
11.8
2.1
2.9*
1.9
TABLE XII
Comparison between the performance of the third progeny and their dams
2nd progency
Average . . .
Standard error . . .
3rd progeny
Average . . .
Standard error . . .
t
.
.
.
.
Number
of goats
4
8
Total
milk
yield
oz.
4703.5
950.3
5260.9
658.7
0.4
Number
of days in
milk
148.3
13.8
227.3
24.0
2.0
Average
milk
yield
per day
oz.
31.7
2.7
23.2
1.1
3.0*
Number
of goats
4
7
Kidding
interval
256.5
39.3
392.3
64.3
1.4
Average
milk yield
per day of
kidding
interval
oz.
18.4
3.4
13.4
1.3
1.5
TABLE XIII-A
Comparison of the performance of the foundation stock and the first progeny
Foundation stock . . .
First progeny .
.
.
.
No. of
goats
37
34
No. of
lactations
100
130
Total
milk yield
oz.
4679.8
5832.5
Average
milk yield
per day
of lacta-
tion
oz.
26.4
33.1
No. of
goats
27
30
No. of
lactations
69
110
Average
milk yield
per day
of kidding
interval
oz.
16.2
20.9
174
Breeding Experiment with Goats
TABLE XIII-B
Lactationwise comparison of the first, second and the third progenies
First Laotation .
Second Lactation .
Third Lactation .
First progeny .
.
.
.
Second progeny . . .
Third progeny .
.
.
.
First progeny .
.
.
.
Second progeny . . .
Third progeny .
.
.
.
First progeny .
.
.
.
Second progeny . . .
Third progeny . . .
No. of
goats
32
28
10
28
18
4
19
10
4
Total
milk yield
oz.
5637.0
4977.5
4950.2
5797.5
5395.4
4858.0
7190.0
5824.0
2870.3
Average
milk yield
per day
of lacta-
tion
oz.
32.3
23.2
23.3
35.4
27.2
25.0
38.5
26.2
17.1
No. of
goats
30
25 9
23
16
4
16
7
3
Average
milk yield
per day
of kidding
interval
oz.
20.1
14.8
13.7
21.0
16.4
14.7
23.5
19.2
5.5
Having considered whether the sires were good
transmitters or not, we shall now consider the ques-
tion whether selection from amongst the dams
would lead to improvement in the successive pro-
genies. The consideration of this question has
been made possible because no culling out of the
female progeny was practised as a part of the policy
of breeding followed on the farm. The whole of
the progeny was kept and bred up. For this pur-
pose, the 19 mothers of the foundation stock were
ranked in order of their performances in respect of
the three characters over all lactations. The
results of the comparison of the performances of
the progeny of the first half compared with that of
the rest are given in Table XIV. It will be seen
that while the performance of the second group of
10 dams is significantly different from that of the
first group of nine dams, their progenies do not
TABLE XIV
Effect of selection in the foundation stock
Character compared
(1)
Total milk yield oz. .
t
Average milk yield per day
of lactation oz.
t
Average milk yield per day
of kidding interval oz.
t
Foundation stock dams
Number
of
goats
(2)
First 9
Rest 10
First 9
Rest 10
First 8
Rest
8
Number
of
lactations
(3)
35
33
38
30
25
23
Value
oz.
(4)
5585.6
3867.6
5.1**
30.3
22.8
2.5*
22.1
12.2
7.9**
Standard
error
oz.
(5)
215.3
265.1
2.3
2.0
0.7
0.9
First progeny daughters
Number
of
goats
(6)
15
19
16
18
14
16
Number
of
lactations
(7)
68
62
63
67
56
54
Value
oz.
(8)
5683.7
5995.7
0.7
32.8
33.5
0.2
21.5
20.4
0.7
Standard
error
oz.
(9)
286.5
310.3
1.9
2.1
1.3
1.0
P. V. SUKHATME
175
show a significant difference in the performances,
The effect of selection of the female progeny sepa-
rately for bucks 48M and 49M has been shown in
Table XIV-A and is seen to be similar. A similar
TABLE XIV-A
Effect on the progenies of bucks 48M and 49M of selection in the foundation stock
Buck
48M
Buck
49M
Character compared
(1)
Total milk yield
oz.
t . .
Average milk yield
per day of lacta-
tion oz.
t . .
Total milk yield
oz.
t . .
Average milk yield
per day of lacta-
tion oz.
t . .
Foundation stock dams
Number
of goats
(2)
First 5
Rest 6
First 5
Rest
6
First 3
Rest
3
First 3
Rest
3
Number
of
lactations
(3)
17
21
21
17
14
11
14
11
Value
oz.
(4)
5613.7
3595.1
3.8
29.9
21.2
2.2
5281.6
3268.2
5.5
31.4
22.1
1.6
Stndard
aerror
oz.
(5)
391.1
352.6
3.3
2.2
125.5
381.9
4.5
3.7
First progeny daughters
Number
of goats
(6)
7
7
8
6
4
4
3
5
Number
of
lactations
(7)
33
22
39
16
16
19
10
25
Value
oz.
(8)
6003.7
6493.3
0.7
35.1
33.9
0.3
5586.0
4360.4
1.8
30.1
31.8
0.3
Standard
error
oz.
(9)
456.7
579.6
2.4
4.1
632.3
316.0
2.6
4.3
TABLE XV
Effect of selection in the first progeny
First lacta-
tation
Second
lactation
Character compared
(1)
Total milk yield oz. . .
t
Average milk yield per day of
lactation oz.
t
Average milk yield per day of
kidding interval oz.
t
Total milk yield oz. . .
t
Average milk yield per day of
lactation oz.
t
Average milk yield per day of
kidding interval oz.
t
1st progeny dams
Number
of goats (2)
First 9
Rest
9
First
9
Rest
9
First 9
Rest
9
First. 7
Rest
8
First 7
Rest
8
First 5
Rest
6
Value
oz.
(3)
6861.6
3931.1
6.4**
35.7
28.5
4.8**
24.6
16.9
5.7**
6881.4
4398.8
4.8**
40.7
32.3
4.9**
26.7
20.8
12.7*
Standard
error
oz.
(4)
380.9
257.6
1.2
0.9
1.2
0.5
521.3
180.1
1.7
0.1
0.9
1.6
2nd progeny daughters
Number
of goats (5)
17
10
13
14
12
13
7
8
7
8
6
6
Value
oz.
(6)
4827.0
4927.2
0.1
27.3
27.7
0.2
14.7
15.0
0.1
5092.7
5325.6
1.1
24.2
29.8
2.5
16.5
15.1
0.4
Standard
error
oz.
(7)
444.0
636.8
1.6
1.0
2.0
1.3
411.1
514.1
1.6
1.6
2.4
1.9
OBSERVATIONS ON THE TOXICITY OF RHODODENDRON ARBOREUM
TO LIVESTOCK
By NARAIN DAS KEHAR and K. GOVINDA RAU, Animal Nutrition Section, Imperial Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar
(Received for publication on 6 September 1943)
RHODODENDRON ARBOREUM grows abundantly in
the Kumaun, Kashmir and Khasia hills between
4,000 and 11,000 ft. In January and February,
when owing to frost and snow green herbage was
scanty, a large number of animals, which had to
subsist on hill-grazing, showed mild symptoms
of intoxication and bulging eyes. Observations,
extending over several days, indicated that
these animals had to depend for nourishment to
some extent on dry autumn-shed rhododendron
leaves. Believing the condition described above
to be possibly due to the ingestion of these
leaves, a systematic feeding experiment was
conducted on two bulls, two sheep and two
goats. These animals were of mature age and
apparently in good health.
Leaves and flowers, including buds, were fed
to the animals. The amounts given on different
days are shown in Table I.
TABLE I
Dates
17-11-38
to
18-11-38
19th to
21-11-38
25-11-38
to
30-11-38
27-11-38
to
30-11-38
6-12-38
to
8-12-38
Species of
animals
Kumauni bulls
Sheep . .
Goats . .
Kumauni bulls
Do.
Sheep . .
Goats . .
Kumauni bulls
fresh
Do.
Old Kumauni
bulls
No.
fed
2
2
2
2
..
2
2
2
..
2
Method of
feeding
Voluntary feed-
ing.
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Drenching sus-
pension
in
water
Do. .
Do. .
Voluntary .
Do. .
Do. .
Material fed
Leaf, flower
and buds
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Crushed leaf
and flower
in water
Do. .
Do. .
Leaf,
buds
and flower
Do. .
Do. .
Total
quantity
fed to
animals
(lb.)
About 14
5
3
8
26
12 each
..
35
9 in two
days
7 in two
days
Result
All symptoms
of poisoning
Do. .
Do.
.
No symptom
Do.
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
All symptoms
of poisoning
Do. .
Remarks
Sample 1
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
..
Sample 1
Sample 1
SYMPTOMS
Bulls. After ingesting voluntarily about 14
lb. of the plant in two days, the following
symptoms were observed:
Forthy salivation, vomitting, dullness, a stag-
gering unsteady gait when forced to walk,
crossing of the hind limbs, grinding of the teeth,
bulging of the eye-balls and a disinclination for
food. No febrile disturbance was noticed
throughout the experiment. After two days of
abstinence, there was progressive abatement of
the symptoms.
Sheep and goats. After consuming about
6 lb. of the plant, symptoms of frothy salivation,
vomitting and grinding of teeth were observed.
TOXICITY AND ACTIVE PRINCIPLE
The tender leaves and the honey of rhododen-
dron flowers are considered to be toxic [Kirtikar
and Basu, 1933]. R. californicum and R.
177
Indian J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIV, Part III ]
PLATE XIV
FIG. 1. Pony 366 from which Spec. 239/1934 was removed. Note
tumours on tail, sheath and perineum.
PLATE XV
[Indian J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIV, Part III
FIG. 2. (Spec. 79/1934). × 138 Depigmented
cells of a benign tumour. Note large
bloated cells with small pale nuclei.
FIG. 3. (Spec. 81/1935) × 134
Malignaut tumour with
normally staining cells
containing only slight
pigment. Numerous
mitotic figures.
FIG. 4. (Spec. 81/1935). × 30 Periphery of
tumour. Note growth by invasion into
surrounding tissue.
FIG. 5. (Spec. 958/1226). × 24 Partly depigmented micro-section.
Note 3 worms in section in deeper epidermal layers, and
tissue reaction and melanoma-formation in the cutis.
Indian
J.
Vet.
Sci.
&
Anim.
Husb.,
Vol.
XIV,
Part
IV
]
PLATE
XVI
FIG. 1. Case No. 180—Longitudinal section of
metatarsus. The bone shows a marked
exostosis on one side occupying its
whole length, outside the original
compacta and demarcated from it by
means of a line.
FIG. 2. Case No. 167—Longitudinal section of
femur showing irregular thickness and
loose texture of compacta. Meta-
physeal spongiosa shows resorption.
FIG. 3. Case No. 180—Longitudinal section of
the costal epiphysis showing the pre-
sence of numerous osteoblasts. Con-
densation of collagenous fibrils and the
formation of new trabeculae by meta-
plasis. Note the irregular disposition
of the trabeculae thus formed × 160.
FIG. 4. Case No. 180—Longitudinal section of
the costal epiphysis showing two trabe-
culae with an apposition of syncytial
masses around each. Note osteoblasts
and osteocytes, and a syncytial bud aris-
ing from the main mass.
PLATE XVII
Indian J. Vel. Sei., & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIV, Part IV
FIG. 1. Case No. 167—Cross section of the metacarpus showing
the periosteum, the exostosis and a portion of the
diaphvsis × 400.
FIG. 2. Case No. 180—Cross section of exostosis showing an
" island " of periosteum undergoing ossification by
metaplasia. Note acidophilic masses and numerous osteo-
blasts in this region × 100.
FIG. 3. Case No. 167—Cross section of the metacarpus showing a
superabundance of young haversian canals in the diaphysis
× 100.
FIG. 4. Case No. 167—Longitudinal section of the costal epiphysis
showing defective calcification of the trabeculae.
Note
the osteoid tissue. Van Kossa's stain × 300.
Indian J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIV, Part IV]
PLATE XVIII
FIG. 1. Case No. 167—Cross section of the
exostosis showing a poor degree of
calcification as revealed by irregular
staining of the trabeculae. Van Kossa's
stain × 160.
FIG. 2. Case No. 89—Longitudinal section of the
costal epiphysis of a normal rib. Note
parallel disposition of sub-chondral
trabeculae × 160.
FIG. 3. Case No. 402—Cross section of the meta-
carpus showing two young developing
haversian canals. Note an abundance of
osteoblasts in the developing lumen and the
osteoid tissue × 300.
FIG. 4. Case No. 180—Longitudinal section of
the costal epiphysis. The section shows
(1) complete disappearance of the zone of
preliminary calcification and (2) con-
siderable atrophy of the metaphyseal
trabeculae. Van Kossa's stain × 160.
PLATE XIX
[ Indian J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIV, Part IV.
FIG. 1. Case No. 167—Longitudinal section of
the costal diaphysis showing widely
peparated trabeculae in resorbed cortex.
Note the trabeculae lined with osteoid
borders and the osteoblasts × 160.
FIG. 2. Case No. 167—Longitudinal section of
the distal epiphysis of femur showing
"dissecting resorption" of a trabecula.
Note the presence of an osteoclast in
the centre of a resorbed trabecula × 300.
FIG. 3. Case No. 402—Longitudinal section of the distal
epiphysis of femur showing a complete disappearance of
the normally disposed trabeculae. Note poor calcifica-
tion of trabeculae in this region × 160.
Indian J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIV, Part IV]
PLATE XX
FIG. 1. Rickettsia conjunctivae in the conjunc-
tival epithelial cells of a goat; two
infected and one clean cell is shown in
the field.
FIG. 2. Rickettsia conjunctivae in the conjunc-
tival epithelial cells of a goat. Notice
the presence of neutrophils in the
field.
FIG. 3. Rickettsia like organism (unknown intracellular organism
of calves) in the conjunctival epithelial cells of a goat; one
cell in the top left hand corner is infected.
Note:—Fig. 3 is more highly enlarged than the others
PLATE XXI
[ Indian J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIV, Part IV
FIG. 1. Buffalo No. 1
FIG. 2. Buffalo No. 1