128
Chemotherapy of Helminthic Infections of Domestic Animals
value of giving 2.5 c.c. of a 10 per cent solution
of copper sulphate to sheep immediately before
the administration of a drug. This stimulates
the vagus of the pharynx and brings about the
closure of the œsophageal groove. It has thus
become possible to administer drugs directly
into the abomasum which they reach in full
concentration, deriving the maximum benefit.
It must be remembered, however, that the
reflex lasts for only 15 seconds, so that the
anthelmintic should be given immediately after
the administration of the copper sulphate
solution.
VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS OF RUMINANTS
Camus and Chevalier [1931] state that pyre-
thrine dissolved in oil is a very efficient remedy
for verminous bronchitis of cattle. Ten c.c. of
an aqueous solution of 0.01 per cent pyrethrine
given intra-tracheally is effective
against
Diotyocaulus filaria. The drug can be administ-
ered through the nose by a rubber nozzle
measuring 12 to 15 cm. the sheep being kept
in a sitting position and thereafter put on its
back for a few seconds. This procedure may
be repeated twice, if necessary.
Two intra-tracheal injections of 5-10 c.c. of
triformal-glycerine-allylique was found to be
more effective against D. filaria than any well-
known drug. It was observed that the use of
isotonic solution at about blood temperature
obviated the reflex cough which usually follows
the injection.
Picric acid is recommended for controlling
the lung worms of sheep and goats. It is
neutralized by N/10 potassium hydroxide solu-
tion. Five injections of 10 c.c. of a 2 per cent
solution on alternate days is effective for
verminous bronchitis of buffaloes.
Injection of 10 c.c. of a 10 per cent solution
of chloroform is recommended for D. Viviparus
of cattle. It may, however, prove dangerous.
Fumigation with chloropicrin has also been
recommended for bronchial worms.
HELMINTHIASIS IN HORSES
Phenothiazine is stated to be 100 per cent
effective against Strongylus,
Trichostrongylus,
Trichonema and Oxyuris spp., and 72 per cent
against Ascaris equorum. The dose for heavy
draughts is 2 oz., for light to medium 1.5 oz.,
for thorough-breds 1 oz. and for small horses
0.5 to 1 oz. It may be administered with
liquid by a stomach-tube or fed with a large
quantity of bran. In very heavy doses it is
toxic, and the main features of the toxicity
caused are the loss of equipose, nervous dis-
orders, dermatitis, necrotic enteritis, albumi-
nuria, hæmoglobinuria, nephritis, abdominal
pain, bronzed mucous membranes and painful
micturition.
Carbon tetrachloride in doses of 10 c.c. per
100 kil. of body-weight (50 per 1,000 lb.)
is very effective against blood-sucking strongyles.
It is administered by a stomach-tube.
Care
should be taken that the tube is well inside the
stomach, lest the drug should be regurgitated
and inhaled with fatal results.
Dichlorobutane or chlorobutylene in doses of
0.18 to 0.2 c.c. is stated to be very valuable
against cylicostomes.
Oil of chenopodium is stated to be parti-
cularly effective against red worms. It is ad-
ministered either by a stomach-tube or in. a
drench mixed with linseed oil. Full doses
should not be given to highly-bred horses, and
like carbon tetrachloride, it is contra-indicated
in febrile conditions, gastro-enteritis and in
cases of constipation.
Normal-butyl chloride has been found to be
very effective against Strongylus spp. and
Oxyuris. equi. The dose is 0.1 c.c. per lb. of
body-weight. The administration of the drug
should be preceded by a fast of 36 hours and
followed by a drench of eight to ten times its
volume of linseed oil.
Carbon disulohide is specific against habrone-
miasis and ascariasis. The animals are starved
overnight, and in the morning 10 litres of a
2 per cent solution of sodium bicarbonate is
passed through a stomach-tube in order to
loosen the worms from the mucous membrane.
Thereafter as much of the fluid as possible is
removed, and 5 c.c. of the drug per 100 kil.
of body-weight is administered. The worms
inside the tumours are difficult to remove.
Boley and collaborators [1941] recommend
that a mixture of 40 gm. of phenothiazine and
24 c.c. of carbon disulphide, administered in a
capsule, after 36 hours' fast, is very efficient
against ascarids, strongyles and bots.
Petrol was used as an anthelmintic some
fifty years ago by Boley [quoted by Faure,
1940]. Faure [1940] tested it in horses and
found it very effective against Ascaris and
Oxyuris. After fasting, a dose of 0.5-0.7 c.c.
per kil. of body-weight should be given in
three daily doses, mixed with culinary or castor
oil and followed by water. The drug is easily
tolerated and is free from contra-indications.
Faure cites a case in which 1,100 ascarids were
evacuated in one night.
Nörr [1940] reports that santostibin is very
effective against Ascaris equorum.
Two to