NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
31
It will thus be seen that in the " dried cord " method, treatment is commenced
by a dead virus, and finally a virulent virus is used. In the " dilution method "
treatment is commenced by a very small quantity of a living virulent virus, and
increasing its amount as treatment advances.
Equally good results are claimed for both methods and their modifications
; b u t w i t h t h e s e r e s u l t s I a m n o t c o n c e r n e d i n t h e p r e s e n t p a p e r w h i c h d e a l s s o l e l y
with the safety and efficiency of a dead virus. The fact that living vaccine is
used in both methods would preclude the possibility of sending it to a distance for
the treatment of patients without running serious risks of interfering with its
efficiency ; whereas a dead carbolised vaccine could well be sent to any centre where
treatment could be carried out without running any risks of injuring its properties.
The experiments recorded in this paper in which a dead carbolised rabies virus was
used to immunise monkeys, dogs and rabbits, prove that it is a vaccine which can
be relied upon to produce a high degree of immunity ; and knowing that it is a
dead vaccine we can dismiss any doubts as to the possibility of its producing the
disease which it is intended to prevent. It is also less expensive than any other
method, and is easily carried out.
A vaccine prepared from the brain and medulla of " fixed virus " rabbits would
contain more of the active element (virus) than a vaccine prepared from the spinal
cords, and on this account its immunising properties would be greater than
cord vaccine, and moreover the brain and medulla of a rabbit would furnish a much
larger amount of vaccine than the spinal cord.
One Central Pasteur Institute in addition to carrying out treatment could
supply the whole of India with a vaccine ready to be administered to patients at
other centres. By this means patients would be saved long and expensive
journeys ; and most important of all, they would come under early treatment, and
a treatment free from risks.
F
32
CHAPTER VIII.
Summary of Conclusions.
1. Rabies virus is easily killed by heat. A temperature of 50°C is sufficient to
kill a 5 per cent. dilution of " fixed virus " in 15 minutes.
2. Rabies virus can remain alive and virulent for several days in normal saline
solution.
A. 1 per cent. dilution of " fixed virus " in normal saline solution remains
alive and virulent for at least 15 days at room temperature (about 20°C). Dilu-
tions of 1 in 200, and 1 in 1,600 of " fixed virus " in normal saline are not killed
in 24 hours at a temperature of 37°C, and not even injured in any way in 4 hours
at this temperature. Dilutions of 1 per cent. rabies virus in normal saline solution
are not killed when kept for 24 hours at a temperature of 37°C, then for 24 hours
at room temperature, and finally for 24 hours in 0 . 5 per cent carbolic acid at room
temperature.
3. Rabies virus can survive for a longer time in carbolic acid at room tempera-
ture (about 20°C) than at a temperature of 37°C. It is also more resistant to
carbolic acid at both these temperatures than most non-spore forming bacteria.
4. A one per cent. dilution of rabies virus in 0 . 5 per cent. carbolic acid normal
saline solution remains alive and virulent for at least 20 days at room temperature
(about 20°C). One per cent. and 2 per cent. dilutions of rabies virus in 1 per
cent. carbolic acid normal saline solution remain alive and virulent for at least 4
days at room temperature (about 20°C).
5. Dilutions of 4 per cent. and 8 per cent. rabies virus in 1 per cent. carbolic
acid normal saline solution are killed in 24 hours at a temperature of 37°C.
Rabies virus killed by this method and then diluted with an equal volume of sterile
normal saline solution is a safe and efficient antirabic vaccine.
6. Animals such as monkeys, dogs, and rabbits can be highly immunised by
hypodermic injections of a rabies vaccine killed and preserved in carbolic acid. Of
8 animals, viz., 4 monkeys, 2 dogs, and 2 rabbits, immunised with a 4 per cent dead
virus in 0 . 5 per cent. carbolic acid, all the monkeys, one dog, and one rabbit
survived the subdural inoculation of lethal doses of virulent living virus ; and the
one dog and one rabbit which did not survive this test showed a longer incubation
period than the controls.
7. The serum of animals immunised with rabies vaccine killed and preserved
in carbolic acid gives a well marked rabicidal action on living virulent virus.
8. A rabies vaccine prepared from the brain and medulla of " fixed virus "
rabbits, and then killed and preserved in carbolic acid is a safe and efficient vaccine
in the immunisation of animals, as proved by experiments on monkeys, dogs, and
rabbits ; and judging from the results of these experiments it should also prove a
safe and efficient antirabic vaccine for the prophylactic treatment of persons bitten
by rabid animals.
REPORT ON THE WORKING OF THE MICRO
-BIOLOGICAL SECTION
OF THE
KING INSTITUTE OF PR
EVETIVE
MEDICINE, MADRAS
FOR THE
NINE MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER 1909.
(WITH APPENDICES)
M A D R A S
.
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNENT
PRESS.
1910.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
R e p o r t o n t h e w o r k i n g o f t h e M i c r o - B i o l o g i c a l S e c t i o n b y D r . F . M . G i b s o n ,
M.B., B.Sc., Acting Director
..
.. ..
..
..
..
. .
PAGES.
1
Progress note on Proto-Zoological Investigation by Captain W. S. Patton,
I.M.S., Assistant Director
.. ..
..
..
. .
.
2
Vaccine Therapy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
4
PARTS I AND II OF APPENDIX I — Water-supply in Jails.—Report on — for the
half-years ending 30th June 1909 and 31st December 1909.
Results obtained. in the examination of jail water-supplies.—General remarks
on — by Major W. W. Clemesha, I.M.S.
..
.. ..
..
..
9
:Sanitation of jails. —Notes on — by Major W. W . Clemesha, I.M.S. ..
..
10
J a i l s —
Central Jail, Vellore
..
. . .. . . . . . .
13, 56
District Jail, Tanjore ..
.. ..
. . . . . . . . . .
16, 39
Do.
Cuddalore
..
..
. . . . . . . . . . . .
17, 41
Do.
Palamcottah.
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
19, 43
Central Jail, Bellary
...
... . . .
. . . . .
20, 33 & 44
Do.
Cannanore
. .
. ,
. . .
. .
. .
. .
21, 52
.
. .
Do.
Coimbatore.
. . .
. .
. .
..
24, 50
Do. Salem.. ..
..
a
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
26, 46
D o . R a j A H M U N D R Y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28, 48
District Jail, Berhampur
.. ..
..
..
..
. .
31,58
Table showing the quantity of pollution in each sample
.. ..
. .
34, 60
'Tabular statement of chemical analysis ..
..
..
.. ..
. .
35, 60
PARTS I, II AND III OF APPENDIX II— Water-supplies in Towns.—Report on — for the
quarters ending 30th June 1909, 30th September 1909 and 31st December 1909.
Short notes on the results of water analyses for the quarters ending 30th
September 1909 and. 31st December 1909 compared with the corresponding
ones of the previous year
..
..
. .
. .
. .
113, 165
T o w n s —
Gudiyáttam . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
..
..
63, 115 & 205
Vellore . ...
..
. .
. . . .
.. ,.
..
65, 117 & 203
Trichinopoly
.. ..
..
..
..
..
.. .. ..
67, 121 & 168
Tanjore ..
..
.. ..
..
..
. .
.. .. ..
69, 119 & 170
Dindigul ..
..
..
..
..
. .
.
. .
.. . .. ..
71, 125 & 174
Madura ..
.. ..
..
..
..
..
.. .. ..
73, 123 &
Cuddapah
.. ..
..
..
..
. .
.. .. ..
75, 127 & 181
Adóni
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.. .. ..
77, 129 & 183
Coonoor ..
..
..
..
. .
. .
.
.. ... . .
80, 140 & 193
Conjeeveram
..
..
.. . .
. I .
. .
.. . . ..
82, 132 & 176
Madras ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
84, 134 & 178
.Guntúir . .
..
...
. .
. .
...
. .
.. .. .. ..
87, 137 & 200
Nellore ..
..
. .
..
6
.. ...
Tirupati . .. ..
..
..
..
. . .
. .
..
. . ..
. . . . ..
90, 146 & 195
93, 148 & 197
Ootacamund
..
..
..
. . . .
. .
.. .. ..
96, 142 & 186
Cocanada
. .
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
100, 158 & 190
Vizagapatam
. . . . .
. . . . . .
103, 155 & 207
Kurnool .. ..
..
..
. .
. . . . .
.. .. ..
106, 151 & 210
'Table showing the degree of pollution in each sample
..
.. .. 109, 162 & 214
'Tabular statement of chemical analysis
..
. .
..
..
.. 110, 161 & 213
6
Fresh films give the best results, but even after twenty-four hours only the ghosts
of the red blood corpuscles can be made out and the trypanosomes can be readily
detected. under the low power. The procedure would be both convenient and
efficient when examining for trypanosomes or filaria in cases where the infections
are not heavy.
Educational.--The usual courses in Minor Sanitary Engineering and in
Vaccination were held d u r i n g t h e y e a r . I n t h e M i n o r S a n i t a r y E n g i n e e r i n g c l a s s
there were 44 students, and among these was one of the Assistant Surgeon class.
At the final examination 43 students appeared and 33 of these passed. In the
Vaccination class there were 28 students and of these, 27 obtained qualifying marks
in the examination held at the end of the course.
F. M. GIBSON, M.B., B.SC.,
Ag. Director.
Half-yearly Chemical and Bacteriological Report on the Water
Supply of the Jails in the Madras Presidency being Part I
of Appendix I to the Annual Report of the King Institute
of Preventive Medicine, Madras, for the year 1909.
12
a water-supply which is absolutely above suspicion, the disease spreads in spite of the best
endeavours of the medical authorities to stamp it out. I consider that the whole of the routine
for giving meals and for the storage of food and drink utensils in our jails, should be revised as I
am perfectly certain that it is at present a possible factor in the spread of infectious diseases.
I do not consider that it is within my province to make a detailed recommendation, but leave
the actual details to be worked out by the jail authorities. I may just mention however, that in
Bengal and Northern India, cheap steel utensils are provided which are not open to the same
objection as the pots used in this country.
W. W. OLEMESHA, Major,
Sanitary Commissioner for Madras.
13
CENTRAL JAIL, VELLORE.
SAMPLES TAKEN—21ST APRIL 1909.
Bacteriological Analyses.
E I .—FROM HOSPITAL WELL.
C o l o n y n u m b e r .
S a c c h a r o s e . D u l c i t .
Adoni t . I nul i n.
V o g e s o r P r o s k .
I n d o l .
Mobility.
Gr oup.
Bacillus.
Group and
Remarks.
total colonies on agar at 37º—5,670.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
—
1 ++
+ — — — + +
— III B. Neapolitanus .. Group I, 4.
2
— + — –
– + — II Schapperi ..
„ II, 4.
tube 20 cc. of water taken ..
.. ..
1
..
3 — + — — — —
+
I I
(36)..
. .
„III, 2.
tubes 10 cc.
..
. .
2
. .
4 — + — — — + — II Schapperi..
..
„ IV, nil.
„
5 cc.
,, ..
..
. .
4
. .
5 —
+ — — — + — III
Do.
, , 1 c c . . . . . . .
5
. .
6 + + + — + — —
I I I (67).
, , ·1
c c .
. .
. .
3
2 7
— — — —
— — —
I
Mutatilis.
,, · 01 cc.
.
. . . . . . .
3
2 8
— — — —
— – §
I
Do.
9
— — — —
— — —
I
Do.
10 — — — —
— — –
I
Do.
Fœcal bacilli in .01 cc. and upwards.
I
Sporogenes milk test + in 20 cc.
Table II.—FROM QUARANTINE WELL.
1
+ — +
— + — — IV B. Lactis ærogenes. Group I, nil.
2 + — + —
+ — — IV
Do.
II, nil.
total colonies on agar at 37°—One large colony
3 + — + — + — — IV
Do.
„
„ III, nil.
occupying whole plate.
4 + — + — + — — IV
Do.
„ IV, 10.
5 + — + —
+ — - IV
Do.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
6 + — + — + — — IV
Do.
+
—
7
+ — + — + — — IV
Do.
8 + — + —
+ — — IV (102).
9 + — + — + — — IV B. Lactis ærogenes.
tube 20 cc. of water taken ..
..
..
1
. .
1 0
+ — + — + — — IV
Do.
tubes 10 cc.
,,
..
..
2
. .
„
5 cc.
,,
..
..
4
..
, , 1
c c .
. .
. .
„
7,
· 1 cc.
:,
..
.
5
..
„ .01
cc...
,
,
..
4
1
Fœcal bacilli in .01 cc. and upwards.
Sporogeneg milk test—in 20 cc.
TABLE III. — FROM KITCHEN WELL.
1 — — — —
— +
— I B. Vesiculosus
.. Group I, 8.
2
– — — — — +—
— I
Do.
..
„
II, nil.
total colonies on agar at 37°—310.
3
— — —
— — +
— I
Do.
„ III, nil.
4
—
— — — – + —
I
Do.
..
„ IV, 2.
Bile salt lactose, medium.
5 — — — — — +
– I
Do.
6 +
– + – – –
– IV
+
–
7 — – — — — + — I B. Vesiculosus.
8
– – — — — +
I
Do.
;ube 20 cc. of water taken ..
..
..
1
..
9
— — — — — +
— I
Do.
tubes 10 cc.
.
,,
. .
..
2
..
10 + —
+ — — — — IV
,, 5 cc. ,, .
..
. .
. .
4
. .
,, ·1cc.
5
..
, , 0 1 c c . , , . . . . . .
5
..
„ .01 cc... ,,
..
2
3
Fœcal bacilli in .1 cc. and upwards.
sporogenes milk test + in 20 cc.
14
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE No. I.
SAMPLE No. III
Physical
appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Yellowish and hazy. Colourless and clear.
Smell
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids
..
..
.. Parts per 100,000
4 0 · 0 0 0
58·000
Temporary hardness ..
..
..
Do.
do.
1 3 · 0 0 0
16·500
Permanent hardness
..
Do.
do.
4 · 0 0 0
6·500
Total hardness ..
..
..
..
Do.
do.
1 7 · 0 0 0
23·000
Chlorine
..
..
..
Do.
do.
2 · 8 4 0
4·615
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ..
..
..
Do.
do.
0 · 0 1 1
Trace.
Albuminoid Nitrogen ..
..
Do.
do.
0 · 0 1 4
0·006
Oxygen absorbed ( Tidy's .Process)
..
Do.
do.
0 · 2 3 9
0·028
Nitric Nitrogen
..
..
..
.
Do.
do.
1·000
1·050
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
..
. . .: .. .. ..
Present.
Nil.
Do.
Present.
Sulphates
..
..
..
..
..
..
Phosphates ..
..
..
..
..
. .
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals..
. . .. .. .. ..
Nil.
Nil.
SAMPLE No. II.
Physical
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
appearances.
—
Smell.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids ..
..
, .
.. Parts per 100,000.
8 8 · 0 0 0
Temporary hardness
..
..
Do.
do.
2 3 · 0 0 0
Permanent hardness
, .. .
Do.
do.
1 4 · 0 0 0
Total hardness
..
. .
Do.
do.
3 7 · 0 0 0
Chlorine
..
..
..
Do.
do.
8 · 1 6 5
Ammoniacal Nitrogen . . .. ..
Do.
do.
0 · 0 0 2
Albuminoid. Nitrogen . . . . . .
Do.
do.
0 · 0 0 7
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process)..
..
Do.
do.
0 · 0 4 4
Nitric Nitrogen
..
..
..
Do.
do.
2 · 2 5 0
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites . . .. .. ..
Nil.
Sulphates.. ..
..
..
P r e s e n t .
Phosphates ..
..
.
..
..
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals . .. . .. ..
Nil.
16
DISTRICT JAIL, TANJORE.
SAMPLES TAKEN-2ND MAY 1909.
Bacteriological Analysis.
SAMPLE I.—FROM A TAP ADJOINING THE RESERVOIR OF
THE DEEP WELL.
(a) Total colonies on agar at 37°—27º.
C o l o n y n u m b e r .
S a c c h a r o s e . D u l c i t A d o n i t . I n u l i n . V o g e s o r P r o s k . I n d o l . M o b i l i t y . G r o u p
Bacillus.
Group
o f r e m a k s
(b) Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
–
1 + — — — + — + IV B. Cloacæ.
Group I
1 tube 20 co. of water taken
..
..
..
1
2 +
— — — + — + IV
Do.
” I I
3 + — — — + — + IV
Do.
,, III
2 tubes 10 cc.
.. .. ..
2
..
4 + — — — + — + IV
Do.
,, IV
5 + – – – + – + I V
Do.
4 „ 5 cc.
” .. .. ..
3
1
5 „ 1 cc.
..
..
..
5
..
6 + — — — + - + IV
Do
7 + - - - + + — + IV
Do.
5 „
1 cc. 1, . . ..
, ,
5
5 „ .01 cc. ,,
..
5
8 + — — — + — + IV
Do.
9 + – – - + - + IV
Do.
10 + — — - + — + IV
D o .
(c) Fœcal bacilli in 1 cc. and upwards.
(d) Sporogenes milk test + in 20 cc.
Chemical Analysis.
DRINKING WATER
Physical
appearances.
Colour and
transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
. . . .
Total solids..
..
per.100,000
21.200
Temporary hardness ....
. .
Do.
do.
1.000
Permanent hardness ....
..
. . .
Do.
do.
2.000
.
.
Total hardness
..
. .
. .
Do.
do.
3.000
. .
Chlorine
..
..
..
Do.
do.
1.775
..
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
. . . .
Do.
do.
0-004
. . .
Albuminoid Nitrogen ...
..
Do.
do.
0.007
Oxygen absorbed (.7-idy's Process)
. .
. .
Do.
do.
0.012
. . . .
Nitric Nitrogen..
do.
0.177
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. e
. .
Nil.
Sulphates
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
Present.
Phosphates 1- ..
. . . .
. . . .
. .
ffil,
Iron, poisonous metals ..
- -
. .
. .
. .
7)
REPORT.
The sample shows a considerable improvement on last. Faecal bacilli are present in 1 cc. Spot
entertidis are present in 20 cc. The total colonies per cc. is 270. The organisms present are those whi,,
usually found in surface well after considerable draught.
Chemically the water is soft and of fair quality only, both ammoniacal and albuminoid nitrogen I
little excessive in amount.
It is still inferior to the town supply.
18
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE NO. 1—LAKE WELL WATER.
SAMPLE NO. 2—KITCHEN TAP WATER.
Physical appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
White and hazy.
Slightly yellowish
hazy.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids .... . .
Parts per 100,000
..
1 8 . 4 0 0
21.400
Temporary hardness..
..
Do.
do.
..
1.500
1.000
Permanent hardness ....
.
Do.
do.
..
2.500
2.500
Total hardness.. ..
..
Do.
do.
..
4 . 0 0 0
3.500
Chlorine
.. ..
Do.
do.
..
1.420
1.597
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ... .
Do.
do.
. .
0.002
0.004
Albuminoid Nitrogen ..
..
Do.
do.
..
0.005
0.010
Oxygen absorbed ( Tidy' s Process)
..
Do.
do.
0.007
0.007
Nitric Nitrogen
...
Do.
do.
. .
0.550
0.750
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
..
..
..
.. .. ..
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
..
..
..
.. .. ..
Trace.
Trace.
Phosphates .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Nil.
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals ..
..
..
..
..
Nil.
Nil.
REPORT.
The sample of water taken from the kitchen well shows fœcal bacilli in cc. The total
organisms present in 1 cc. are 320. The bacilli present this time are not very objectionable
i n
themselves.
Chemically the water is soft and contains ammoniacal nitrogen and albuminoid nitrogen
and a very great deal of nitric nitrogen indicating that a considerable pollution has taken place
at one time.
The sample from " the lake well " shows fœcal bacilli in .01 cc. The total organisms
present is 490. The organisms present are not particularly objectionable in themselves.
Chemically the water is considerably better than the other sample. The nitric nitrogen
figure however is still very high. A water containing 100 fœcal organisms of any kind cannot
be looked upon as satisfactory.
19
DISTRICT JAIL, PALAMCOTTAH.
SAMPLES TAKEN—9TH MAY 1909.
REMARKS.—There was almost an inch and a half of rain early in the month of May.
Bacteriological Analysis.
S A M P L E I . — S A M P L E F R O M D R I N K I N G - W A T E R W E L L .
C o l o n y n u m b e r .
S a c c h e r o s e .
D u l c i t e . A d o n i t e . I n u l i n .
V o g e s a n d P r o s k .
Indol.
M o b i l i t y .
G r o u p .
Bacillus.
Group and
Remarks.
(
a
) T o t a l c o l o n i e s o n a g a r a t 3 7°— O n e l a r g e c o l o n y o c c u p y i n g
whole plate.
(b) Bile salt lactose,
medium.
1
— — — — —
+ — I B. Vesiculosus.
Group I, 3.
+ —
2
—
+ + — — — — II 33.
" II, 3.
3
—
— + — +
—
— I B. Acidi lacteci.
" III, 2.
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken
..
1 ..
4
—
+
— — — — —
I Coli com.*
,, IV, 2.
2 tubes 10 cc. "
..
2 ..
5 + +
— — —
— III
4 „ 5 cc. "
4 ..
6
—
+ + — — — II 33.
5 " 1 cc. "
. .
. .
5 ..
7
— —
+
— — —
I B. Acidi lacteci.
5 " .1 cc. "
..
. . 2 3
8 + — + —
—
— IV B. Lactis ærogenes.
5 .01 cc. "
. .
. .
2 3
9 +
—
+
— — —
IV
10 + + + — — — III
Do.
(c) Fœcal bacilli in .2 cc. and upwards.
(d ) Sporogenes milk test—in 20 cc.
Chemical Analysis.
p e a r a n c e s .
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
s o l i d s . . . . . . . . . .
Parts per 100,000
29.600
Temporary hardness .. ..
Do.
do.
10.000
Permanent hardness .. .. . . ..
Do.
do.
3.000
hardness .. . . . .
Do.
do.
13.000
c h l o r i n e .
.
. .
. .
Do.
do.
1.065
moniacal nitrogen ..
. ..
Do.
do.
0.003
A l b u m i n o i d n i t r o g e n
. .
. .
. .
Do.
do.
0.015
Oxygen absorbed (Tedy's Process) . . ..
Do.
do.
0.002
Nitric nitrogen .. .. .. . .
Do.
do.
0.250
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites . . .. .. .. . . . . .
Nil.
p h a t e s
,
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
Present.
sphates .. .. . . ..
Nil.
poisonous metals ..
..
. . . . .. ..
Nil.
REPORT.
Fœcal bacilli are present in .2 cc. The organisms present are very decidedly objectionable and contain true
communis. Further, there are no less than seven different varieties in ten colonies sub-cultured, which is an
litional reason for believing the pollution to be recent.
2. Chemically the water is of fair quality. The albuminoid nitrogen is excessive. Nitric nitrogen is present
fair amount. The water cannot be looked upon as satisfactory at the time when this sample was taken.
20
CENTRAL JAIL, BELLARY.
SAMPLES TAKEN—16TH MAY 1909.
Bacteriological Analysis.
SAMPLE I.—FROM DRINKING-WATER WELL.
C o l o n y n u m b e r .
S a c c h e r o s e .
D u l c i t . A d o n i t . I n u l i n .
V o g e s a n d P r o s k .
Indol.
M o b i l i t y .
G r o u p .
Bacillus.
Group and
Remarks.
( a) Total colonies on agar at 37°—1,260.
(b) Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
—
1 +
— — —
+ — + IV B. Cloacæ.
Group I,
2 + + +
—
+
— —
I I I
. .
„ II,
1
..
3 + + +
—
+
—
+ III
. .
„ III,
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken
.. ..
2
. . 4 + + +
—
+
—
+ III
. .
„ IV,
2 tubes 10 cc. " .. .
4
..
5 + + +
—
+
—
+ III
..
4 " 5 cc. "
.. 5
..
6 + + +
—
+
—
+ III ..
5 „ 1 cc. "
. .
5 ..
7 + + +
—
+
—
+ III
..
5 " .1 cc. "
..
. .
3
2
8 +
+ +
—
+
—
+ III
. .
5 „ .01 cc. "
..
9 +
— —
— +
—
+ IV B. Cloacæ.
(c) Fœcal bacilli in .01 cc. and upwards
10 +
— — —
+
—
+ IV
Do.
(d) Sporogenes milk test — in 20 cc.
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE NO. 1—DRINKING-WATER WELL.
CENTRAL JAIL, BELL
Physical
appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids ..
..
. ,
..
..
Parts per 100,000
104.000
Temporary hardness ..
..
..
Do.
do.
22.000
Permanent hardness ..
..
..
Do.
do.
18.000
Total hardness
..
..
Do.
do.
40.000
Chlorine
..
..
..
Do.
do.
11.005
Ammoniacal nitrogen ....
..
..
Do.
do.
0.002
Albuminoid nitrogen ..
..
• .
..
Do.
do.
0.007
Oxygen absorbed ( Tidy's Process)..
Do.
do.
0.056
Nitric nitrogen
• .
..
Do.
do.
2.675
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
..
.. .. ..
..
..
..
Nil.
Sulphates
..
....
..
Present.
..
Phosphates ..
..
• .
..
.. ..
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals ..
• .
..
.. .
N i l .
REPORT.
The well water is obviously considerably polluted ; fœcal bacilli are present in 1/100th of a cc. and
colonies are more than 1,000 per cc. The organisms present are not very objectionable in themsel
this time of year.
2. Chemically the water is very bad ; it contains a great deal of dissolved solids (104 parts). Perm
hardness is as much as 18 parts. Chlorides 11 parts and nitric nitrogen 2.675 parts per 100,000. The
is quite capable of starting diarrhœa in any one unused to it.