230
A Small Outbreak of Strangles in Adult Ponies
only morning production and supply has been
examined. Samples of milk taken on produc-
tion side were from (i) individual animals and
herd (cow and buffalo) of the Imperial Dairy
Institute Farm, (ii) town milk stables, (iii)
domestic cows and (iv) village and those of
supply included, (i) Imperial Dairy Institute
Dairy (cow and buffalo), (ii) travelling milch
cows, (iii) milk hawkers and (iv) town dairies.
(b) A majority of the samples of milk from
different sources showed the following bacterial
counts and reduction times:
Source
(a) Individual animals (Imperial Dairy Insti-
tute)
(b) Herd (Imperial Dairy Institute and
domestic cows)
(c) Dairy (Imperial Dairy Institute) and travel-
ling cows
(d) Town stables
(e) Village
(f) Milk hawkers
(g) Town dairies
Bacterial counts per ml.
Below 50,000 . . .
Below 100,000 . . .
Below 500,000 . . .
Between 200,000 and 5 millions.
Between 500,000 and 10 millions
Between 500,000 and 5 millions
Over one million (maximum
recorded over 90 millions)
Methylene blue reduction time
Over 5½ hr.
4 to 5½ hr.
Above 4 hr.
2 to 5½ hr.
1 to 4 hr.
Below 3 hr.
Below 2 hr.
(c) Although correlation is observed between
plate counts and reduction times of the same
samples of individual animals, marked discre-
pancies occur in other cases.
(d) In general, a better correlation is observed
between reduction times of 4 hr. and above and
plate counts of 200,000 per ml. and below, than
between 5½ hr. and over and 200,000 and less.
(e) The bacteriological quality of milk from
villages and town milk stables and of supplies
made by milk hawkers and town dairies is
unsatisfactory and improvements in the produc-
tion, handling and distribution of milk, there-
fore, need urgent attention.
(f) The need for a properly organized and
vigorous campaign on clean milk production and
handling and an effective machinery for the
bacteriological control of market milk supplies
is essential.
REFERENCES
Imperial Dairy Expert, Annual report (1939), Manage
of Publication, Delhi
Joshi, L. L. (1916). Milk Problem in Indian Cities,
(Report on the Marketing of Milk in India and
Burma, 1941, 211) Manager of Publication, Delhi.
Kudelka, O. (1941). Qd. agric. J. 55, 495
Malcolm, James F. and Leitch Renwick H. (1936)
Scot. Agric. J., 19, 321
Memo. 139/Foods (1937). National Min. of Health, London
Nichols, A. A. and Edwards, S. J. (1936). J. Dairy
Res. 7, 258
Thomas, S. B. and Tudor, Jane A. (1937). Welsh J,
Agric. 13, 308
Walton, J. H. (1925). Bull. agric. Res. Inst., Pusa, 59
—(1927).
Bull agric. Res. Inst., Pusa, 170
Wilson, G. S. (1935). Med. Res. Counc. Spec. Ref.
Series 216, 215
A SMALL OUTBREAK OF STRANGLES IN ADULT PONIES
By M. K. SREENIVASAN, G.M.V.C., and S. K. CHAUDHURY, G.B.V.C., Imperial Veterinary
Research Institute, Mukteswar
(Received for publication on 13 June 1944)
AN infectious febrile disease occurred among
the Institute transport ponies during the third
week of June and lasted till the middle of
October, 1941. Seven ponies were affected, of
which three manifested high temperature,
acute catarrhal symptoms and abscess forma-
tion of the submaxillary or parotid lymph
glands; and the other four exhibited pyrexia
and catarrhal symptoms associated with signs
of pharyngitis and laryngitis. The ages of the
affected animals were 4, 5, 5, 6, 12, 14 and 21
years.
More or less common features were a
rise in temperature to 103°—104° F. the pre-
sence of a nasal discharge at first serious and
later mucopurulent, and that on attempting to
drink water much of it was returned through
the nostrils.
None of the animals was com-
pletely off-feed.
Reports were received that during this period
a similar condition was prevailing among the
Banjara-ponies in neighbouring areas around
Bhowali and Naini Tal and that some of them
died. It is quite likely that the infection was
acquired at Bhowali, which
was frequently
visited by the ponies.
All the affected Insti
tute ponies, recovered with proper care and
treatment.
AETIOLOGY
Microscopical examination of nasal discharge
and of pus from freshly-opened abscesses