NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
34
TABLE I.
Table showing the quantity of pollution in each sample.
UNFILTERED OR NATURAL WATERS.
Name of Jail supply.
T o t a l
colonies per
cc. on agar
at 37°.
Lactose fermenters in
S p o r o g e n e s i n 2 0 c c .
T r u e C o l i C o m
20
cc.
10
c.c.
5
cc.
1
cc.
.1
cc.
.0 1
cc.
Central Jail, Bellary
. - . '
1 260
+
+
+
+ + +
--
--
Countless.
+
+
+
+
+
+
-- --
District Jail, Berhampur ..
..
i
. . 11
640
+
+
+
+
+
+
--
--
Countless.
+
+
+
+
+
+
--
--
,,
Cuddalore ..
.. ..
3 2 0 +
+ +
+
-- -- --
--
490
+
+
+
+
+
+
-- --
Central Jail, Coimbatore ..
..
4
30
+
-
--
-
--
-- --
--
..
- -
-
-
-- --
+
--
„ Cannanore
. . . .
150
+
+ +
+
-- --
+ +
70
+
I
+
+
+
-- --
+
--
480
+
+ +
+
--
--
+
--
Countless.
+
+
+
+
+
--
+
--
25
+
—-
—-
---
----- --
+
--
82
+
+
+
+
--
--
+
--
District Jail, Palamcottah , .
. . . .
. .
±
+ !
-
-- --
+ +
r
Central Jail, Rajabmundry
. . . . t
280
+
+ +
+
+
--
--
+
Countless:
+ + +
+
+
-- -- --
„
Salem
. . . . . . . t
3,150
+
+ +
+
+
+
-- --
1,890
+
+
+
+
-- -- -- --
District Jail, Tanjore
..
. .
270
4-
±
±
-
--
--
-- --
Central jail, Vellore
. . . .
. 4
5,670
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
. .
+ -
+-
-+-
- - +
+-
+
--+ -
--
310
+
±
±
±
+ +
-- --
Average ..
2,756
+ +
+
+
+
--
1 / 2 2 / 3 4/23,.,
NoTE.—For the purposes of averages " countless " is taken to be 10,000 per cc.
The various quantities of the sample that showed the presence of fœcal bacilli are marked'
+ those from which these organisms were absent, are marked—.
35
TABLE II.
Tabular statement of Chemical Analyses.
[Parts per 100,000.]
Name of j ai l .
Colour and
transparency.
Total
solids.
Hardness.
Chlorine
Ammo
niacal
nitrogen.
Albumi
noid
nitrogen
Oxygen
absorp
tion.
Nitric
nitrogen.
Remarks.
Tem
porary.
Perma
nent. Total.
Sentral Jail,
Bellary.
Colourless and
clear.
104·000 22·000 18·000 40·000 11·005 0·002 0·007 0·056 2·675 Well water,
Do.
151·800 17·000 48·000 65·000 35·500 0·009 0·007 0·035 1·250
Do.
D i s t r i c t J a i l ,
Ber hampur .
Slightly
yellowish
but clear.
52·200 9·500 0·500 10·000 4·970 0·003 0·010 0·123 0·100 Camp well water.
Colourless and
clear.
51·200 19·500 1·500 21·000 7·810 0·004 0·006 0·007 0·75 Tap of a well.
Di st ri ct Jai l ,
Cullalore.
White and
hazy
18·400 1·500 2·500 4·000 1·420 0·002 0·005 0·007 0·550 Lake well water.
Slightly
yellowish
and hazy.
21·400 1·000 2·500 3·500 1·597 0·004 0·010 0·007 0·750 Tap water.
Central Jail,
Coimbatore.
Slightly
pinkish
but clear
212·000 30·000 45·000 75·000 46·150 0·004 0·002 0·006 1·300 Well water.
Yellowish and
hazy.
218·400 25·000 55·000 80.000 49·700 0·003 0·003 0·070 1·350
Do.
Colourless and
clear.
12·600 2·500 2·500 5·000 1·420 0·004 0·002 0·012 0·312
Do.
Central Jail
, Cannanore.
Do.
9·600 Nil. 2·500 2 . 500 2 .485 0·006 0. 003 0. 014 0 . 250
Do.
Do.
8.800 0.500 2·100 3·000 1.420 0.003 0·006 0·008 0·350
Do.
Do.
13·600 3·500 3·000 6·500 1·775 0·002 0·006 0·016 0·400
Do.
Do.
3·800 0·500 1·000 1·500 0·887 0·003 trace 0·004 0·150 Tank water.
Do.
3·800 1·000 1·000 2·000 0·710 0·002 trace. 0·008 0·050 Well water.
District Jail,
Palmcottah.
Colourless and
clear.
29·600 10·000 3·000 13·000 1·065 0·003 0·015 0·002 0·250
Do.
Central Jail,
Rijahmundry.
Colourless and
clear.
36·400 14·750 3·250 18·000 2·840 0·004 0·004 0·011 0·800
Do.
Do.
35·200 14·750 3·250 18·000 2·840 0·006 0·002 0·009 0·750 Reservoir tap
water.
Central Jail,
Salem.
Colourless and
clear.
92·. 6 0 0 25·000 22·500 47·500 8·875 trace. 0·004 0·014 1·900 Hospital well.
Do.
141·600 25·000 45·000 70·000 11·360 0·004 0·005 0·026 5·700 Kitchen well.
District Jail,
Tanjore.
Colourless and
clear.
21·200 1·000 2·000 3·000 1·775 0·004 0·007 0·012 0·077 Tap near reser
voir.
Central Jail,
Vellore.
Yellowish and
hazy.
40·000 13·000 4·000 17·000 2·840 0·011 0·014 0·239 1·000 Hospital well.
Do.
58·000 16·500 6·500 23·000 4·615 trace. 0·006 0·028 1·050 Kitchen well.
Colourless and
clear.
88·000 23·000 14·000 37·000 8·165 0·002 0·007 0·044 2·250 Quarantine well.
NOTE.-Vizagapatam Jail and the Penitentiary, Madras, receive their supplies from the Municipal water works.
37
Half-yearly Chemical and Bacteriological Report on the
Water Supply of the Jails in the Madras Presidency
for the half-year ending 31st December 1909 being Part
II of Appendix I to the Annual Report of the King
Institute of Preventive Medicine, Madras, for the year
1909.
10
39
APPENDIX I.
PART II.
TANJORE DISTRICT JAIL.
SAMPLES TAKEN—3RD OCTOBER 1909.
REMARKS.—This is a new source of water-supp]y to the Jail, different from the one which was being in use in the previous quarter.
Bacteriological Analysis.
SAMPLE I.—SAMPLE FROM QUARANTINE WELL.
C o l o n y N o .
L a c t o s e .
S a c c h a r o s e .
D u l c i t e . A d o n i t e . I n u l i n e .
V o g e s a n d P r o s k .
I n d o l .
M o t i l i t y .
G r o u p .
Bacillus.
Group and
Remarks.
(a) Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37°— 150
.
(b) Bi1e salt lactose, medium.
+
—
1 + + — + — + — — IV B. Lactisærogenes .. Group I, 6.
2 + + —
+
— + — — IV
Do.
„ II, nil.
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken ..
..
1
_. .
3 + + — + — + — — IV
Do.
„ III, 1.
2 tubes 10 cc.
, , . . . .
2
. . 4 + + + — — — — —
I I I
B. III.
. .
, ,
I V , 3 .
3 ,,
cc. ,, ,. ..
3
..
5 + — — — — — + — I B. Vesiculosus . . Class I, nil.
3 „ 1 cc. ,, .. ..
3
..
6 + — — — — — + — I
Do.
,, II, 3.
3 ,,·1 cc.
,,, .. ..
3
.. 7 + — — — — — + — I
Do.
.. „ III, 6.
3 „
· 0 1 c c . , , . . . .
1
2
8 + — — — — — + — I
Do.
.. Undeter--
9 + — — — — — + — I
Do.
.. mined, 1.
10 + — — — — — + — I Do.
. .
(c) Fœcal bacilli in •1 cc. and upwards.
REPORT.
The water from this well cannot be looked upon as a desirable supply. There are fœcal microbes in
l e s s t h a n o n e - t e n t h c c . , a n d a t o t a l c o u n t o f 1 5 0 p e r c c . o f o t h e r g e r m s . I t i s n o t h o w e v e r t h e p r e s e n t
state of the water so much as what it might become under certain unknown conditions. The species of
Microbes present all belong to the more resistant classes, which goes to show that the water has been
polluted rather than that it is daily receiving pollution. This is borne out by the results of the chemical
analyses which with the exception of the nitric nitrogen indicate that the water is distinctly good. As
nitrates are usually accepted to be derived from oxidised animal matter, the high figure for them in these
r e s u l t s a g a i n b e a r s e v i d e n c e o f p o l l u t i o n o f d i s t a n t s o u r c e o r o f s o m e a n t e c e d e n t p e r i o d o f t i m e . I t w o u l d
not however be safe to assume that pollution of a much more objectionable character might not get access
to the water. The filtered water of the town supply is much better than that of this well.
40
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE No. 1.—QUARANTINE WELL.
Physical
appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
-
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids..
..
. . . .
Parts per 100,000
17·400
Temporary hardness
. . .. . .
Do.
2·500
Permanent hardness
..
..
Do.
2·500
Total hardness ..
. . ..
Do.
5·000
Chlorine
. . .. . . ..
Do.
1·420
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
..
Do.
0·002
Albuminoid Nitrogen
. . .. ..
Do.
0·003
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process) ..
. .
Do.
0·029
Nitric Nitrogen ..
..
: .. .
Do.
0·175
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
..
. . . · . . . . . . ··
Nil.
Sulphates . . . . . . . · . . . .
Present.
Phosphates ..
. . .. .. .. . . . .
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
. . . · . . . . . .
Nil.
41
CUDDALORE DISTRICT JAIL.
SAMPLES TAKEN-3RD OCTOBER 1909.
REMARKS.—The source of both the samples is a well dug in sandy and limestone soil on bike bank of a lake.
Bacteriological Analyses.
SAMPLE I
—
SAMPLE FROM KITCHEN TAP.
C o l o n y n u m b e r s . L a c t o s e . S a c c h a r o s e . Du c i t e . A d o n i t e . I n u l i n . V o g e a n d P r o s k . I ndol . M o b i l i t y . Gr o u p .
Bacillus.
Group and
Remarks.
(a) Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37° —250.
(b) Bile salt lactose, medium.
+ —
1 tube 20 cc. of water, taken
. . 1
. . 1 + + — — — — +
—
IV B. Coscoroba. ..
2 tubes 10 cc.
,,
. . 2
. . 2 + +I—— — — — — +
—
IV
D o . . .
Group I, 1.
3 „ 5 cc. ,,
. . 3 .. 3 + + — — — — +
—
IV
Do. ..
II, nil
3 ,, 1 cc.
,,
. . 3
. . 4 + + — — — — +
—
IV
Do. .. „ III, 3.
3 „
. 1 c c . ,,
. . 3
. . 5 + + ++
—
+
— —
III B. 67 .. „ IV, 6.
3 , , .01 cc.
, ,
. . 1 2 6 + + + + — + — — III Do. .. Class I, nil.
7 + + — — — — + — IV B. Coscoroba.
,, II 9.
8 + + ++ —
+ — — III B. 67. ..
III, nil.
(c)F œ c a l b a c i l l i i n
. 1 c c . a n d u p w a r d s .
9 + +
—
— — — + — IV B. Coscoroba. .. Undetermined, 1.
10 +
— —
+
— — — —
I
SAMPLE II.—
SAMPLE FROM LAKE WELL WATER.
1 +
+ + + - +
— —
IV B. Lactis ærogenes. Group I, nil.
2 + + + + — + — — III B. 67. .. .. „ II, nil.
3 +
+++ ++ — +
—
— III Do. .. .. „ III, 8.
(a) Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37°—
140.
4 + + + + — +
—
— III Do. .. .. „ IV, 2.
5 +
+++ + + — +
—
— III Do. .. ..
( b) B i l e s a l t l a c t o s e , m e d i u m .
6 + +
+++ + — +
— —
III Do. .. .. Class I , nil.
7 + + ++
—
+
— —
III D o . . . . .
,, II, 10.
+
—
8 + + — + — + — — IV B. Lactis ærogenes. ,, III, nil.
9 +
++ + +
—
+
— —
III B. 67. .. ..
10 + + + + — + —
—
III Do. .. ..
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken .. 1
. .
2 tubes 10 cc.
,, .. 2
. .
3 „ 5 cc.
,, .. 2 1
3 „ 1 cc.
,, .. 1 2
3 , , .1 cc.
,,
.. 3
3 „ .01 cc.
,, .. .. 3
(e)Fœcal baci l l i i n 5 cc. and upwards .
ii
42
Chemical Analyses.
SAMPLE No. II.—LAKE WELL WATER.
SAMPLE No. I.—KITCHEN TAP WATER.
Physical
a pp earances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids ..
..
..
..
.. Parts per 100,000 ..
15.400
17.200
Temporary hardness
..
..
..
Do.
..
3 . 0 0 0
1.500
Permanent hardness.
..
Do.
..
.
..
..
2.500
2.500
Total hardness
..
, .
..
..
Do.
..
5.500
4.000
Chlorine
..
..
..
..
Do. . .
1.775
1.775
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
..
..
..
Do. ..
0 . 0 0 3
0.004
Albuminoid Nitrogen..
..
..
Do.
..
0.004
0.003
..
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's .Process)
Do.
0.011
0.010
Nitric Nitrogen
..
..
..
..
Do ..
0.400
0.450
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Nil.
Nil.
Sulphates
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Present.
Present.
Phosphates
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. I
Nil.
Nil.
iron, poisonous metals
..
..
..
..
..
..
Nil.
Nil.
Nil,
Nil.
REPORT.
Sample II being drawn from the well directly is considered first. It shows a very
distinct difference, and for the better, over the samples taken the previous quarter. This is
not a little surprising considering the heavy rainfall, and the proximity of a lake subject to
considerable pollution. The porous nature of the soil makes it exceedingly likely that the lake
water gets access to that of the well so that great fluctuations in the condition of the well
water as regards purity are to be expected. Past experience shows that the water is not
always so pure as when the sample under report was drawn, and this gives the probable
explanation of why the water from the distribution pipes is so much worse than that of the
well. In the past a considerable amount of deposition has taken place in the reservoirs and
pipes and this deposited matter is now serving to contaminate the relatively purer water from
the well. The nature of the contaminating microbes in both the samples shows that the
pollution is of antecedent date.
Chemically the only point to take exception to is the nitric nitrogen. The figure for this
is far too high, and. this is another indication of pollution having taken place some time ago.
43
DISTRICT JAIL, PALAMCOTTAH.
SAMPLES TAKEN-10TH OCTOBER, 1909.
Bacteriological Analysis.
SAMPLE I.—DEEP WELL.
C o l o n y n u m b e r . L a c t o s e . S a c c h a r o s e . D u l c i t e . A d o n i t e . I nul i n. V o g e s a n d P r o s k . I n d o l .
M o b i l i t y . G r o u p .
Name of Bacilli.
Group and
Remarks.
(a) Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37°—
Countless.
(b) Bile salt lactose, medium.
+ —
1 +
+
— + — + — — IV B. Lactis ærogenes.. Group I, 2.
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken .. 1 • • 2 + — + — — — + — II B. Schäfferi ..
,, II, 2.
2 tubes 10 cc.
,,
.. 2 • • 3 + — — — — —
+ — I B. Vesiculosus • . „ III, nil.
3 „ 5 cc.
,,
.. 3 • •
4 + + — — — — + — IV B. Coscoroba.
, , I V , 6 .
3 „ 1 cc.
,,
, , 3 • • 5 +
—
+ — — — + — II B. Schäfferi.. ..
3 „ •
1 cc.
,,
.. 1
2 6 +
+
— — — — — —
I V B. III .. ..
3 , , • 01 cc.
,,
• • ..
3 7 + +
—
+ — + — — IV B. Lactis ærogenes.. Class I, 2.
8 + + — + — + — — IV
Do. • • ,, II, 5.
9 + + — + — + — — IV
Do.
III, 2.
(c) Fœcal bacilli in 1 cc. and upwards.
10 +
— —
I B. Vesieulosus ..
— — —
+ —
Undetermined, 1.
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE No. 1—DEEP WELL.
physical.
appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids
_ ..
.. Parts per 100,000 ..
28·200
Temporary hardness .. ..
..
Do.
. .
10·000
Permanent hardness .. .. .. ..
Do. . .
3 000
Total hardness
..
. .
Do.
..
13·000
Chlorine .. •
•
Do.
. .
1·065
Ammoniacal Nitrogen..
D o . . .
0·004
Albuminoid Nitrogen . .
. .
Do.
..
0·003
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process) .. ..
Do.
..
0·021
Nitric Nitrogen ..
Do.
..
0·237
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. .
Nil.
Sulphates .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. .
Present.
Phosphates
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. .
Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals .. .. .. .. .. • .. . .
Nil, Nil.
REPORT.
This water is not in a satisfactory state. It is difficult to believe that a water having a countless number
of germs to the cc. is derived from a deep well properly so called, that is, one that passes through a stratum
impermeable to water. If the well be really a deep one, surface pollution from its near surroundings is
getting access to the water. Fœcal germs in one cc. containing among them representatives of the sus-
ceptible Class I seem rather out of place in a water derived from a distant source.
Chemically though the water is rather hard it must be classed as good.
45
Chemical. Analysis.
SAMPLE NO. I—TEMPLE DRINKING-WATER WELL.
SAMPLE No. II .—JAIL DRINKING-WATER WELL .
Physical
appearances.
Colour and
Transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Yellowish but clear.
___. _ _______
______
Smell.
_
None.
None.
Total solids ..
..
Temporary hardness
Permanent hardness
Total hardness
Cholorine
..
.
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
Albuminoid Nitrogen
Oxygen absorbed
( T i d y ' s P r o c e s s )
Nitric Nitrogen..
QUANTITATIVE.
.
..
..
..
Parts per 100,000 ..
•.
..
..
Do.• •
..
..
..
Do.• •
. •
..
••
..
Do
Do.. Do.
• •
..
..
..
. •
..
..
..
Do.. .. .. Do..
..
• •
Do.
..
..
..
..
9 5 · 0 0 0
24·500
23·000
47·500
11·360
0·006
0·003
0·042
0·775
68·200
27·500
2·500
30·000
7·455
0·015
0·021
0·195
1·125
Nitrites „
..
Sulphates.
• .
Phosphates
••
Iron, poisonous metals
-
QUALITATIVE .
..
••
..
..
••
.•
..
.*
..
• •
..
..
..
••
..
••
..
..
••
..
••
..
••
Trace.
i
P r e s e n t .
Nil.
Nil, Nil.
Present.
Present.
N i l ,
Nil, Nil.
1 2
46
SALEM CENTRAL JAIL.
SAMPLES TAKEN— 3RD NOVEMBER 1909.
Bacteriologica1 Analyses.
SAMPLE I.—HOSPITAL WELL.
C o l o n y n u m b e r s . L a c t o s e . S a c c h a r o s e . Du l c i t e . Ad o n i t e . I nul i n.
V o g e s a n d P r o s k .
I ndol .
M o b i l i t y . Group.
Bacillus
Group and
remarks.
(a) Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37º—
1,610.
(b) Bile salt lactose, mediu
m
+ —
1 + —
—
+ — — +
—
I B. Acidi Lactici ..
2 +
— — — —
— +
—
I B. Vesiculosus .. Group I , 3 .
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken
. . 1
. . 3 + +
—
— — — +
—
IV B. Coscoroba ..
II,n i l .
2 tubes 10 CC.
,,
..
2
. . 4 + +
— — — — +
—
IV
Do. .. ,, III, nil.
3 „
5 c c .
,,
..
3
. . 5 + + — — — —
+
—
I V
Do. .. ,, IV, 7.
3 „
1 c c .
,, ..
3
. . 6 + + — — — — +
—
IV
Do ..
3 „ ·1 cc.
,, .. 1
2 7 +
+ — — —
—
+
—
IV
Do. ..
3 , , ·01 cc.
,, .. . .
3 8 +
— — — — —
+ — I B. Vesiculosus ..
Class I, nil.
____
9 + +
— — — —
+
—
IV B. Coscoroba .. „ II, S.
(c) Fœcal bacilli in 1 cc. and upwards.
10 + +
— — — —
+
—
I V
D o . . .
I I I , 2 .
1 +
+
—
+
—
+
— —
IV B. Lactis æroerogenes.
S A M P L E I I — K I T C H E N W E L L .
2 + +
—
+
—
+
— —
IV
Do.
Group I, n i l .
3 + +
—
+
—
+
— —
IV
Do.
„ II, nil.
4 +
+
+ +
—
+
— —
I I I B. 67.
„ III, 4.
(a) Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37º—
1,520.
5 + + +
+
—
+
— —
III I Do.
„ IV, 6.
6 + +
+ +
—
+
— —
III Do.
(b) Bile salt lactose, medium.
7 + +
—
+
—
+
— —
IV B. Lactis ærogenes. Class I. n i l .
8 + +
—
+
—
+
— —
IV
Do.
, , I I , 1 0 .
+
—
9 + + + +
+
—
+
— —
III B. 67.
„ III nil.
10 + +
—
+ = + —
—
IV B. Lactis ærogenes.
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken
. . 1
. .
2 tubes 10 cc.
, ,
. .
2
. .
3 , , 5 cc.
, ,
. . 3
. .
3 , , 1 cc
,, ..
3
. .
3 , , 1 cc.
,, ..
2
1
3 „ ·01 cc.
, ,
. .
2
1
(c) Fœcal bacilli in ·01 cc. and upwards.
REPORT.
Only one opinion can be given of the water of this jail. It is very bad, and entirely unsuitable for a
drinking water-supply. Of the hospital well water, one can only say that it is a shade less bad. Chemi
cally both waters are loaded with saline impurities. They are very hard, and more than half the hardness
is of a permanent character and could not be removed by boiling or clarking. The figures for chlorine are
also high and while much of this may be derived from mineral sources, the very high amount of oxidised
nitrogen seems to point to some of it being of more suspicious origin. If pollution. has had access to the
water, however, it is not of recent date and is now inoccuons. The objection to the water is in the large
amount of salts it contains which are likely to cause disturbance of the digestive system.
Bacterially also the water is not good, and that of the kitchen well is very definitely bad. A well
water containing 100 fœcal germs to the cc. should not be used for drinking. At the time the samples
were drawn the micro-organisms were not of an objectionable kind, but there is no guarantee for the conti
nuance of this state of affairs.
47
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLB No. I-—HOSPITAL WELL.
SAMPLE No. II— KITCHEN WELL.
Colour and
l
C
Slightly yellowish but
Colourless and clear-
Transparency.
clear-
Physical
appearances.
Smell.
None-
None-
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids -.
..
.,
.-
.. Parts per 100,000 -.
Temporary hardness
..
..
-.
Do. •
Permanent hardness
.-
.-
Do-. •
Total hardness
•
..
• •
-.
Do-
..
Chlorine
..
..
..
..
-.
Do-.-
Ammoniac Nitrogen
• •
• •
• •
Do.
..
Albuminoid Nitrogen
. •
• •
Do.
• •
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process)
.
Do.
Nitric Nitrogen
.-
.-
.-
..
Do.- .-
1 1 5 . 0 0 0 28.500
29.000
57-500
14.555
0.052
trace.
0.056
138.600
28.500
34-000
62.500
14.200
0 . 0 0 3
0.004
0 . 0 6 9
3.072
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites..
..
--
.-
• •
..
Nil.
Nail.
..
..
Sulphates
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
-.
Present.
1
Present.
Phosphates
..
.-
.-
.-
• .
..
--
• •
.Nil.
Iron, poisonous metals
• •
• •
• •
-.
Nil.
Nit.
49
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE NO. 1. — STORAGE RESERVOIR.
SAMPLE NO. 2. —WELL IN No. 8 BLOCK.
Physical
appearances.
Colour and
transparency.
Colourless and clear.
Colourless and clear.
Smell.
None.
N o n e
QUANTITATIVE.
Parts per 100,000
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
35.600
11. 500
4.500
16.000
3.017
002
003
.011
. 7 2 5
35.200
11. 500
4.500
16.000
3.017
Trace.
0 0 4
. 0 1 0
750
Total solids
.
..
..
..
Temporary hardness ..
. .
Permanent hardness ..
Total hardness ..
..
..
..
Chlorine
..
..
..
..
Ammouiacal Nitrogen
..
..
Albuminoid Nitrogen ..
..
..
..
Oxygen absorbed (Tidy's Process)
..
..
Nitric Nitrogen
QUALITATIVE.
Ni l .
Present.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil
Present.
N i l .
Nil.
Nil.
Nitrites
..
..
..
..
—
..
..
..
Sulphates ..
..
00
44
..
..
..
..
Phosphates
..
0
0 0
.
..
0.
..
0 7
.
Iron, poisonous metals ..
..
..
..
..
.
13
50
CENTRAL JAIL, COIMBATORE.
SAMPLES TAKEN—16TH NOVEMBER 1909.
Bacteriological Analyses.
SAMPLE I. — NEW WELL WATER.
C o l o n y n u m b e r .
L a c t o s e .
S a c c h a r o s e .
D u l c i t e . A d o n i t e .
I n u l i n e .
V o g e r s a n d P r o s k .
I n d o l .
M o b i l i t y .
Group.
Bacillus.
Group and
remarks.
(a) Total colonies per cc. on agar at 37°—100.
(b) Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
—
1 + + —
+ —
+
— — IV B. Lactis ærogenes .. Group I , n i l .
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken ..
1
. .
2 + + + —
— —
— — III
?
. .
" I I , n i l
2 tubes 10 cc.
"
..
2
. .
3 + + — +
—
+ ___
—
IV B. Lactis ærogenes ..
,,
I I I , 2
3 " 5 cc. " ..
3
. .
4 + +
—
+ — +
— —
IV
Do.
. .
" I V , 8 .
3 " 1 cc. ", .. ...
. .
3
5 + +
—
+
—
+
— —
IV
Do.
. .
3 „ .1 cc. ,, ..
. .
3
6 + + +
— — — — —
III
?
. .
3
" .01 cc. ,, .. ..
3
7 + +
—
+ — + —
—
IV B. Lactis ærogenes .. Class
I , n i l .
8 + + — +
—
+ —
—
IV
Do.
.. "
I I , 8
(c) Fœcal bacilli in 5 cc. and upwards.
9 + +
—
+ — + — — IV
Do.
.. " III,2,
10 + +
—
+
—
+
— —
IV
Do.
.. Undetermined.
II. SAMPLE II. — OLD WELL WATER.
1 2
(a) Total Colonies per cc. on agar at 37°—520.
3
4
5
(b) Bile salt lactose, medium.
+
—
6 No lactose fermenters could be isolated.
7
8
1 tube 20 cc. of water taken
..
1
..
9
2 tubes 10 cc. "
1
1 10
4 „ 5cc. "
. .
3
5 „ 1cc.
" ..
..
3
5 „ .1cc.
" ..
..
3
5 „ .01cc. "..
..
3
(c) Fœcal bacilli in 20 cc. and upwards.
There is not much to be said about the waters of these two wells. Neither can be
considered satisfactory on account of the very large amount of mineral salts present in them.
The use of these waters might be expected to give rise to digestive disturbance. The water
of the old well is on all points slightly better than that of the new well but that is not saying
a great deal for it. The surroundings of the two wells cannot be considered as ideal, but the
precautions taken to guard against surface pollution gaining access to the water seem to be
effective, as there is no evidence of organic contamination in the waters. Bacteriologically
the waters are satisfactory enough, but attempts should be made to see if a softer water
equally free from organic pollution cannot be obtained.
Pa
51
Chemical Analysis.
SAMPLE No. II— OLD WELL WATER.
SAMPLE No. I—NEW WELL WATER.
Colour and
Colourless and clear.
Colourless and clear.
Transparency.
Physical
appearances.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids ..
..
..
. ,
.. Parts per 100,000 ..
204.600
30.000
222.600
Temporary hardness
. .. .Do.
37.500
..
Permanent hardness..
50.000
.. .. .. .. 57.500
Total hardness
..
..
..
..
Do.
. .
. . 80.000 95.000
Chlorine ..
..
..
..
Do.
53.250
49.700
Ammonical Nitrogen
Do.
..
0.002
Albuminoid Nitrogen
Do.
..
trace.
.
trace.
trace.
Oxygen absorded ( Tidy's Process) ..
..
D o.
. .
0.041
0.014
Nitric Nitrogen
..
..
Do.1.250 •
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Nil.
Nil.
M
arked
sulphates ..
..
• . . . . . . . . .
..
Marked
Phosphates
.
..
.
O.
. . 66 .NIL.
Nil.
.
Iron, poisonous metals ..
..
..
06
.0
Nil, Nil.
Nil, Nil.
54
Chemical Analyses.
SAMPLE NO. I.—WELL NO. I.
SAMPLE No. II—WELL No. II.
Colour and
Colourless and clear.
transparency.
Physical
appearances.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
'Total solids
..
..
„
..
.. Parts per 100,000.
Temporary hardness
..
..
..
..
Do.
Permanent hardness ..
.
..
Do.
Total hardness
. . .. .. .. Do.
Chlorine
..
..
..
Do.
A mmoniaoal Nitrogen
. . . . . . Do.
Albuminoid Nitrogen ..
..
..
..
Do.
Oxygen, absorbed (Tidy's Process) ..
..
Do.
Nitric Nitrogen
..
..
..
..
Do.
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
..
..
..
. . .. - .. ..
Sulphates .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. ..
Phosphates
..
.
..
..
..
..
..
Iron, poisonous metals ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.200
3.000
2.500
5.500
1.065
Trace.
Trace.
0.014
0.225
Nil.
Trace.
Nil.
Nil.
8.200
0.500
2.500
3.000
1.775
0.002
Trace.
0.011
0.200
Nil.
Trace.
Nil.
Nil.
SAMPLE No. III.-WELL No. III.
SAMPLE NO. IV.-WELL No. IV
Colour and
Slightly yellowish, but
.
Physical
Colourless
transparency.
and clear.
appearances.
Smell.
None.
None.
QUANTITATIVE.
Total solids
..
..
..
..
.. Parts per 100,000.
6.600
16.200
Temporary hardness
..
..
..
..
1)o.
Nil.
4.750
Permanent hardness .. .. .. .. Do.
2.500
2.750
Total hardness .. .. .. .. Do.
2.500
7.500
Chlorine.
..
. . .. Do.
0.887
1.420
Ammoniaoal Nitrogen
..
..
..
Do.
0.003
0.004
A lbuminoid Nitrogen
..
..
..
Do.
0.003
0.003
Oxygen, absorbed (Tidy's Process)
..
..
Do.
0.023
0.042
Nitric N itrogen
..
..
..
..
Do.
0.375
0.250
QUALITATIVE.
Nitrites
..
..
. -
..
..
..
..
Nil.
Nil.
'Sulphates
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
T r a c e .
Present.
Phosphates..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Nil
Nil.
Iron, poison oils metals . ,
..
..
..
..
..
..
N i l .
Nil.