98
Ghee from Cow and Buffalo under Uniform Dietary Conditions
TABLE I
Statement of rations for the experimental and
the control groups of animals
Particulars
For
mainte-
nance
For production
Experimental
group
(1)
Chopped
jowar
hay—ad
lib
(2) 1 lb. of cot-
ton seed per 2
lb. of milk yield
Control group
(1) Green
Guinea
grass 10 lb.
(2) Chopped
jowar
hay—ad lib
(3) 1 lb. of the fol-
lowing concentrate
mixture per 2 lb. of
milk yield.
Parts
Wheat bran
3
Groundnut cake 2
Tur chuni
.
1
Cotton seed .
3
Crushed guar
1
The animals in both the groups received 2 oz.
of common salt per animal per day.
It may be seen from the statement of the two
rations that, while cotton seed constituted the sole
production ration for the ' experimental' animals,
its quota was barely 33 per cent for the production
purpose in the case of 'control' animals. As a
result of this quantitative difference in the cotton
seed content, it has been calculated that the
animals in the experimental group were consuming
almost double the amount of fat (ether extract)
in their production ration when compared with
the animals in the control group.
After the animals in the two groups got adjusted
to their respectieve rations, for three consecutive
days in a month, the mixed morning and evening
milk from each individual animals was curdled
and separately kept. Three days collections of
curdled milk from each animal were then mixed
on the fourth day and churned for butter. The
butter was immediately converted into ghee by
melting in a suitable (tinned) brass vessel over a
slow wood fire. The experiment was started in
the month of May 1942 and was concluded at the
end of November 1942. During the course of these
months, seven approximately monthly lots of ghee
were prepared from each animal. Within a month
of their preparation, a sample from each was sub-
jected to physical and chemical examination.
Altogether 84 samples of ghee were examined.
The following constants were determined strictly
according to the methods described in the British
Standard Methods for Chemical Analysis of Butter
[1938] and in the Report of the Analytical Methods
Committee of the Society of Public Analyst [1936]:
(1) Butyro refractometric value at 40° C, (2)
Saponification value, (3) Reichert Meissl value
(4) Kirschner value, (5) Polenske value and
(6) Acid value calculated as oleic acid.
The total number of 84 samples of ghee analysed
can be divided into the following categories
according to the number of groupings, species and
dietary treatments :
28 samples from cows on cotton seed
feed
28 samples from buffaloes on cotton
seed feed
14 samples from cows on concentrate
mixture
14 samples from buffaloes on concen-
trate mixture
Experimen-
tal group
Control
group
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In order to save paper the detailed analytical
data are not given. In Table II is presented only
the mean value of the total number of the deter-
minations of the different constants in ghee from
groups of cows and buffaloes under the experi-
mental and the control feedings. In the same
table, the coefficient of variation and the standard
error of each mean are also shown.
TABLE II
Constants of ghee from cows and buffaloes under
identical dietary treatments
Species
Cow .
.
.
.
Buffalo . . .
Cow .
.
.
.
Buffalo
Cow .
.
.
.
Buffalo . . .
Cow .
.
.
.
Buffalo . . .
Cow .
.
.
.
Buffalo . . .
Cow .
.
.
.
Buffalo . .
Experimental
Mean
Coeff. of
variation
Standard
error
Control
Mean
Coeff. of
variation
Standard
error
B. R. value
43.3
42.6
0.91
1.54
0.074
0.123
42.6
40.9
1.47
0.96
0.167
0.104
Sap. value
221.0
224.1
1.13
1.15
0.478
0.487
225.2
232.61
0.87
0.75
0.523
0.465
R.M. value
23.7
28.1
10.40
8.37
0.466
0.455
25.0
34.7
6.09
6.80
0.407
0.630
K. value
20.2
25.2
11.10
7.92
0.440
0.399
21.4
30.3
6.23
6.88
0.369
0.579
P. value
1.20
0.94
12.58
8.62
0.028
0.015
1.5
1.3
17.00
15.62
0.069
0.054
Acid value
0.47
0.31
17.02
17.42
0.015
0.010
0.56
0.41
25.18
64.39
0.027
0.050