158
Immunization against Rinderpest by Scarification Method
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IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RINDERPEST BY A SCARIFICATION METHOD
By TUFAIL AHMED SIDDIQI, G. C. V. C., Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar
(Received for Publication on 26 February 1944)
(With plate XIII and two text-figures)
AFTER the classical findings of Edwards [1930]
in the application of the goat-adapted virus for
immunization against rinderpest by the subcu-
taneous route, there could be little justification
for a new approach to the problem, although it is
realized, that in practice, under conditions peculiar
to India, it had certain limitations of a mechanical
nature. The drawbacks lay in the fact that the
method needs a number of fragile articles for the
operation, and that the vaccine-suspension has to
be prepared on the spot and ret ai ned for fai rl y
l ong peri ods under unfavourabl e field-conditions.
The di sadvant ages are mor e keenl y felt i n t hose
par t
s of t
he count r
y whe r
e me a ns of t
r ans por t ar e
di f f i
cul t a nd whe r
e publ i
c oppos i
t
i
on t
o al l f
or ms
of cat t l e i
nocul at i
on i s acut e. Obvi ous l
y, i
n
these regions it becomes a matter of considerable
difficulty to conduct the operation effectively.
Inspiration for an attempt to determine if a
a suitably modified cutaneous mode of inoculation
could be adopted with any possible advantage over
the subcutaneous method was drawn from recent
advances made in studies of what is known as
'skin' or 'local' immunization.
LITERATURE
Jenner [1800] (cited by Burnet),in his memorable
work on vaccination against small-pox, employed
the method of local skin infection—the resulting
reaction, though mainly localized to the site of
inoculation, gave rise to a general immunity.
During recent years, the view that the skin is an
important immunological organ, as well as serving
as a mechanical covering and protecting the vit-
al organs against bacterial invasion, has been
supported by many workers.
Besredka [1930] developed 'cuti-vaccination'
in certain infectious diseases. He proved that
animals could be successfully immunized against
anth ax by the intracutaneous route and that the
immunity thus conferred was of a more solid
With encouragement from Mr T. J. Egan, Director
of Veterinary Services, United Provinces, to whom
acknowledgements are due, an investigation into the
scarification method of immunization against rinderpest
was originally carried out by the author in 1938. The
work was followed up by other members of the depart-
ment, and may later form the subject of a separate
paper. The scope of this paper is confined to an ex-
periment undertaken at this Institute at the instance
of the officer mentioned above.