NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
18
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
nent immunity in this manner, and the best means of pro-
pagating its wide-spread employment in the field.
There appear to be no complaints from the provinces
with regard to insufficiency of serum, but the chief local
difficulty seems to be the transport of the serum to the re-
mote places where it is often required.
The adequacy of the supplies may be attributed in no
small measure to the reorganization of the serum-making
department by Mr. Pool during his tenure of office.
Anti-anthrax serum. 47,206 doses of this product were
prepared during the year as against 20,621 in 1920-21 ;
32,600 doses were issued as against 31,613 in the previous
year. The remarks concerning the use of rinderpest serum
would apply in a large measure to this serum, and as there
is evidence that in certain districts anthrax may assume
the form of an epizootic during certain seasons and the en-
forcement of prompt reporting by some legislative measure
would probably disclose a wider prevalence than is depicted
by available statistics, steps are being taken at the labora-
tory to manufacture a suitable " spore " vaccine, which
can be placed at the disposal of the veterinary services in
combating outbreaks in notoriously infected districts.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum and vaccine. During
the year, 107,513 doses of serum and 115,050 doses of vac-
cine were prepared, and 177,418 doses of serum and 115,050
doses of vaccine were issued. In the preceding year 216,276
doses of serum and 126,200 doses of vaccine were prepared
and 106,528 doses of serum and 126,200 doses of vaccine
were issued. For some time prior to his departure on leave
efforts were made by Mr. Pool to standardize the efficacy of
these products. In view of the publication of results which
seem to indicate the existence of, antigenically or serologi-
cally, different strains of the casual organism, much further
work is contemplated upon these products.
Black-quarter vaccine. 35,000 doses of vaccine were
prepared and 32,864 issued as against nil prepared, and
30,900 issued during the previous year. Attempts were
made to prepare a liquid (filtrate) vaccine at the laboratory.
The preparation of products to combat the affection known
as black-quarter in cattle now needs some revision, in view
of the very recent work done elsewhere in the world point-
ing to a somewhat multiple causal origin of the condition,.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1922 19
and to the now known means published of producing safe
and effective protective agents.
Mallein. During the year 1921-22, 47,144 doses of
mallein were prepared and issued as against 87,533 doses
prepared and 88,528 doses issued in 1920-21. 41,050 doses
were issued to the Military Department. This represents a
considerable falling-off in the demands of this department,
which amounted to 82,245 doses in 1920-21.
Tuberculin. 2,054 doses of tuberculin were prepared
and 2,066 doses issued during the year, as against 614 doses
prepared and issued in the previous year.
Strangles serum and vaccine. During the year under
report the necessity did not arise for preparing more
strangles serum as the demands were complied with from
the stock in hand. 10,277 doses of serum were issued,
against 666 doses in the preceding year. 275 doses of vac-
cine were prepared and issued as compared with 536 doses
prepared and issued during the year 1920-21.
In addition to the above, 240 doses of mixed anti-strep-
tococcic and staphylococcic vaccine were prepared and issu-
ed as against 3,800 doses prepared and issued during the
previous year.
A table showing amounts of various products prepared
and issued as compared with average amounts of the last
five years is given in Appendix II.
III. EXAMINATION OF SPECIMENS.
The number of pathological specimens received for
examination during the year was 388. The greater number
of these specimens represent material received for the sero-
logical diagnosis of contagious abortion. (Details concern-
ing these specimens are given in Appendix III.) The num-
ber of specimens received is very small when account is
taken of the fact that the laboratory is the premier institu-
tion in India for the investigation of live-stock conditions.
The paucity of specimens is probably largely attributable to
a prevailing impression that the laboratory is too remote to
serve as a diagnostic centre, and hence is placed at a disad-
vantage in rendering assistance in this direction to the vete-
rinary services in the field. This impression appears to be
largely erroneous, for in a country where distances are wide
20 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
an additional day's journey need not interfere materially
with the condition of specimens if in the first place they are
properly collected and preserved. The laboratory would
welcome further calls of this nature upon its services, as
there is undoubtedly a great deal of investigation work
upon economically important conditions that could be done
in this manner, and a museum of Indian morbid specimens
of pathological interest from animals needs creation. Steps
have been taken to ascertain the practicability of distribu-
ting ready prepared receptacles for the conveyance of speci-
mens for histological and bacteriological diagnoses, and it
is hoped that funds may be forthcoming for the purchase of
what are now considered to be suitable articles, which will
be distributed among the field veterinary personnel in India
with the necessary instructions for taking the morbid
material.
IV. RESEARCH.
For the greater part of the year the higher technical
staff was limited to the officiating Director, Third Bacte-
riologist and Veterinary Officer, and hence the resources of
the laboratory for research were restricted in view of the
contingent demands of administration and routine serum
and vaccine manufacture. Nevertheless valuable work was
performed by the officiating Director in collaboration with
the Veterinary Officer in obtaining further knowledge with
regard to anti-rinderpest serum, the classes of bovines from
which it could be prepared, methods of estimating its poten-
cy, and the duration and character of the immunity follow-
ing upon inoculation with it. The Veterinary Officer,
moreover, performed a series of interesting investigations
upon the infective agent of equine contagious abortion. A
good deal of patient work was done by Mr. Pool upon hæ-
morrhagic septicæmia in cattle. With the accession of a
full complement of technical officers to the staff, the re-
sources of the institution were reorganized for immediate
development, and wherever it was found that the Indian
veterinary inspectors possessed any aptitude for investiga-
tion they were taken as co-workers of the trained staff. In
this way, it is hoped that the maximum output may. be ob-
tained from the efforts of the higher technical officers, while
in the meantime the young Indian assistants may become
inculcated with the methods of research and will be avail-
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1922
21
able for higher research posts elsewhere. It is thus expected
that the best material of the colleges will aspire to enter the
institution, when it is known that routine bleeding and
supervision of menials no longer forms the highest or the
most desirable qualifications expected of them.
Rinderpest. A series of large scale experiments are in
progress upon the biological characteristics of the rinder-
pest virus ; work in this direction is deemed to be of primary
importance inasmuch as rinderpest comes first in economic
interest among the conditions that need further elucidation,
and recently elaborated technical laboratory processes
which appear to have been productive of striking advances
in knowledge in regard to similar infectious diseases else-
where stand in need of application to solve many undeter-
mined characteristics of the casual agent of this condition.
The facilities obtainable at this laboratory are unique for
the study of epizootiological problems of this kind.
Surra and other protozoan diseases. Next in economic
importance comes the further study of surra and other pro-
tozoan diseases which are receiving the attention of the
staff. A systematic examination of all available material
has been instituted, and in the matter of the piroplasm
parasites of cattle this work soon yielded striking results.
A prolonged series of researches are being planned in re-
gard to surra with the object mainly of ascertaining which
of the trypanocidal agents claimed to have rendered benefi-
cial results in treatment represent the most economical and
easily applicable in field conditions.
Contagious abortion. The methods of controlling con-
tagious abortion in mares and donkeys are being systemati-
cally studied in conjunction with the Superintendent of the
Hissar Cattle Farm.
Sheep disease. The nature of certain outbreaks of
sheep disease in Southern India are being studied in the
laboratory.
Mange. In view of the amount of mange material
available the efficacy of various acaricidal agents is being
tested, and results of considerable practical importance are
expected.
Strangles. In conjunction with the Army Department
material from cases of strangles is being investigated and
22 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
an endeavour is being made to obtain a satisfactory method
of prophylactic treatment.
Sera and vaccines. The investigation work indicated
under the section on the preparation of sera and vaccines is
being undertaken as far as possible concurrently with the
routine work of the laboratory.
Minor investigations. A number of problems of minor
importance are also engaging the attention of the staff, and
in particular the pathological department is engaged in the
systematic collection and study of the large amount of mor-
bid material which becomes available daily.
V. INSTRUCTION.
In view of the facilities obtainable at the institution for
the study of epizootiological problems, the fact that the
most important epizootic conditions of the live-stock in
India are close at hand, the wealth of morbid material, the
well-equipped laboratories, the salubrity of the climate
which enables uninterrupted study, the resources of Mukte-
sar seem to be unrivalled for the teaching of the practical
methods of investigating contagious live-stock disease.
Schemes of education for the training of officers of subor-
dinate grade selected for promotion to the Imperial Branch
of the Service, and for systematic short courses of instruc-
tion for officers of the Army and Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment have been submitted to Government, and preparations
are made for the inception of these courses in 1922-23.
VI. PUBLICATIONS.
The following papers were submitted for publication
during the year 1921-22 :—
(1) The preparation of anti-rinderpest serum using ani-
mals of moderate susceptibility as virus producers, by W.
A. Pool and T. M. Doyle.
(2) Etiology of Equine Contagious Abortion in India,
by T. M. Doyle.
(3) Studies in Rinderpest—
A. The serum alone method of inoculation for the
control of Rinderpest.
B. The serum simultaneous method of inoculation
for the control of Rinderpest, by W. A.
Pool and T. M. Doyle.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1922
23
APPENDIX I.
Table showing a summary of results of inoculations in the field reported from the use
of different products issued from the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory,
Muktesar, during the year 1921-22.
Province
Punjab-
Rinderpest serum
.
.
.
.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum .
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccine
Black-quarter vaccine
North-West Frontier Province and North
Punjab-
Rinderpest serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccine
Black-quarter vaccine
United Provinces—
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
.
.
.
.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum .
Black-quarter vaccine
.
.
Bengal-
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Black-quarter vaccine
Assam-
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Bihar and Orissa—
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Black-quarter vaccine
Number of outbreaks in
which inoculated
759
183
160
61
103
7
49
3
243
1
112
3
321
2
33
2
291
19
7
768
12
134
43
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS WHICH
DIED UNINOCU-
LATED IN
COURSE OF
DISEASE
Equines
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
..
..
..
Bovines
9,235
2,227
..
..
1,135
75
..
..
3,301
2
759
9
6,307
1
358
6
5,366
93
61
6,735
47
857
171
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
NUMBER OF ANIMALS
INOCULATED
Equines
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
151
7
..
..
..
..
Bovines
132,911
44,568
41,786
6,507
16,224
1,540
15,079
1,000
30,269
79
9,159
19
50,261
336
6,059
127
21,977
1,288
583
97,768
1,262
18,920
5,227
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
80
..
40
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS
WHICH DIED
AFTER
INOCULATION
Equines
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Bovines
186
15
..
3
34
..
1
4
21
..
9
..
292
..
4
..
309
..
..
536
3
5
22
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Percentage of deaths in
inoculated bovines
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
APPENDIX I-concld.
Table showing a summary of results of inoculations in the field reported from the use
of different products issued from the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory,
Muktesar, during the year 1921-22—concld.
Province
Central Provinces-
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Bombay-
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccine
Black-quarter vaccine
Madras-
Rinderpest serum
Sind, Baluchistan and Rajputana—
Rinderpest serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Burma-
Rinderpest
serum
Bengal Veterinary College-
Rinderpest serum
Hissar Cattle Farm-
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccine
Black-quarter vaccine
Mysore State—
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Black-quarter vaccine
TOTAL—
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccine
Black-quarter vaccine
Number
of outbreaks in
which inoculated
284
10
14
307
16
64
4
1
479
207
11
305
59
1
..
..
461
19
45
77
4,587
80
610
213
190
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS WHICH
DIED UNINOCU-
LATED IN
COURSE OF
DISEASE
Equines
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
..
..
..
Bovines
2,591
155
86
4,251
85
612
1
..
9,767
4,201
77
1,612
..
776
8
..
2,715
138
179
366
57,992
529
5,291
1
552
Others
..
..
10
..
..
..
..
..
152
..
..
..
..
5
..
30
..
..
184
7
10
..
..
NUMBER OF ANIMALS
INOCULATED
Equines
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
153
7
..
..
Bovines
26,099
772
1,685
32,943
754
4,902
739
47
68,567
16,618
662
31,980
2,035
492
245
384
70,189
1,625
4,463
7,517
597,841
6,608
92,541
57,849
20,828
Others
..
..
33
..
..
..
..
..
1,180
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43
..
..
1,260
49
73
..
..
NUMBER OF
ANIMALS
WHICH DIED
AFTER
INOCULATION
Equines
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
Bovines
186
10
10
191
5
4
..
..
185
124
..
76
..
8
..
5
52
9
1
9
2,192
35
48
1
43
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15
..
..
..
..
Percentage of deaths in
inoculated bovines
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.36
0.52
0.05
0.001
0.20
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1922 25
APPENDIX II.
Table showing amounts of various products prepared in and issued from
the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory, Muktesar, during 1921-22,
as compared with the average amounts of the previous 5 years.
Name of product
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia
serum
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia
vaccine
Black-quarter vaccine .
Mallein
DOSES PREPARED
1921-22
2,720,057
47,206
107,513
115,050
35,000
47,144
Average of
previous 5
years
2,684,962
21,612
152,636
125,144
13,300
122,522
DOSES ISSUED
1921-22
2,930,601
32,600
177,418
115,050
32,864
47,144
Average of
previous 5
years
2,535,733
26,519
140,940
125,143
22,177
126,434
APPENDIX III.
Table showing the details concerning the nature of specimens received and
examined at the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory, Muktesar,
during the year 1921-22.
Name of specimens
Piroplasmosis
Glanders
Black-quarter
Tuberculosis
Anthrax
Johne's disease
Surra
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
Epizootic Lymphangitis
Tumours
Abortion
Miscellaneous
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
TOTAL
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS
Positive
1
...
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
6
22
6
43
Negative
1
2
...
1
1
...
...
...
3
...
261
8
277
Doubtful
...
...
1
3
...
1
1
1
2
...
48 (sus-
picious)
11
68
26
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
APPENDIX
Table showing the doses of different products issued from the Imperial
Products
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax
„
Hæmorrhagic
Septi-
cæmia serum
Hæmorrhagic
Septi-
cæmia vaccine
Black-quarter vaccine
Mallein
Tuberculin
Streptococcic serum
Streptococcic vaccine
Streptococcic and Sta-
phylococcic (mixed)
vaccine
TOTAL
Punjab
373,000
...
25,000
23,100
100
12
...
...
...
...
421,212
N.-W. F. P. and North Punjab
115,000
...
22,000
44,650
2,150
100
6
...
...
...
183,906
South Punjab
135,000
300
43,300
42,200
5,850
50
...
...
...
...
226,700
United Provinces
83,750
100
13,450
...
500
25
...
...
...
...
97,825
QUANTITY OF SERA
Bengal
146,500
3,500
8,000
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
158,000
Assam
118,000
1,000
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
119,000
Bihar and Orissa
395,000
7,000
31,000
2,000
9,360
50
...
...
...
...
444,410
Central Provinces
80,000
3,000
4,000
...
...
...
84
...
...
...
87,084
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1922
27
IV.
Bacteriological Laboratory, Muktesar, during the year 1921-22.
IN DOSES
Bombay
76,500
2,800
9,000
2,000
...
1,384
120
...
...
...
91,804
Madras
221,000
1,000
10,000
...
...
500
25
...
...
...
232,525
Sind,
Baluchistan and Rajputana
42,000
800
1,500
...
...
...
50
...
...
...
44,350
Burma
59,000
...
...
...
...
100
150
...
...
...
59,250
Coorg
8,700
600
600
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
9,900
Military Department
146,521
...
1,338
...
...
41,050
82
450
225
240
189,906
Native States
402,900
11,782
5,316
...
8,000
848
1,037
780
50
...
430,713
Foreign countries
189,760
667
100
1,100
...
3,025
500
...
...
...
195,142
Imperial
Bacteriological
Laboratory
337,980
51
2,814
...
6,904
...
12
9,047
...
...
356,808
TOTAL
2,930,601
32,600
177,418
115,050
32,864
47,144
2,066
10,277
275
240
3,348,535
28
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
APPENDIX
Table showing main results of the working of the Imperial
QUANTITY IN DOSES OF SERA OR ANTI-TOXIN PREPARED AND ISSUED
Name of sera
or
anti-toxin
1
Rinderpest serum (dose 5
c. c.)
Anthrax serum (dose 15
c. c.)
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
serum (dose 15 c. c.)
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
vaccine (dose 5 c. c.)
Black-quarter
vaccine
(dose 1 pillule)
Mallein (dose 1 c. c.)
Tuberculin
Anti-Streptococcic serum
(dose 15 c. c.)
Anti-Streptococcic vaccine
(dose 5 c. c.)
Streptococcic and Staphy-
lococcic (mixed) vaccine
(dose 1 c. c.)
TOTAL
Opening balance
2
1,074,544
1,172
109,748
10,014
..
12
30,199
..
..
1,225,689
Prepared during the year
3
2,720,057
47,206
107,513
115,050
35,000
47,144
2,054
275
240
3,074,539
Returned serum
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
TOTAL
5
3,794,601
48,378
217,261
115,050
45,014
47,144
2,066
30,199
275
240
4,300,228
Issued during the year
6
2,930,601
32,600
177,418
115,050
32,864
47,144
2,066
10,277
275
240
3,348,535
INSTRUCTION IMPARTED
Stock in hand
7
864,000
15,778
39,843
..
12,150
19,922
..
951,693
Department or province
8
} C.V.D.
Madras
..
European officers attend-
ing class
9
1
1
Number passed
10
1
1
Indian
veterinary
graduates
11
..
..
Number passed
12
..
..
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1922
Bacteriological Laboratory during the year 1921-22.
Sale of sera, vaccine, and
other products
13
Rs.
4,39,459
4,39,459
A.
13
13
P.
9
9
Sal e of animals
RECEIPTS
14
Rs.
5, 110
5,110
A.
7
7
P.
9
9
Sale of garden products
and reserved forests
15
Rs.
439
439
A.
13
13
P.
0
0
Ot her miscellaneous
receipts
FINANCIAL RESULTS
16
Rs.
4,748
4,748
A.
9
9
P.
3
3
T OT AL
17
Rs.
4,49,758
4,49,758
A.
11
11
P.
9
9
Salaries and travelling
allowance of officers
and staff
18
Rs.
1,67,085
1,67,085
A.
1
1
P.
11
11
Feed and keep of animals
19
Rs.
2,96,028
2,96,028
A.
4
4
P.
8
8
EX
PEN
DITURE
Cost of chemicals and
apparatus
20
Rs.
56,486
56,486
A.
14
14
P.
10
10
Other miscellaneous
expenditure
21
Rs.
86,259
86,259
A.
8
8
P.
10
10
Purchase of animals
22
Rs.
91,053
91,053
A.
1
1
P.
0
0
TOTAL
23
Rs.
6,96,862
6,96,862
A
REPORT
OF THE
Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory,
Muktesar
For the two years ending the 31st March, 1924
CALCUTTA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
CENTRAL PUBLICATION BRANCH
1925
Price Rs.1-8 or 2s. 6d.
REPORT
OF THE
Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory,
Muktesar
For the two years ending the 31st March, 1924
CALCUTTA : GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
CENTRAL PUBLICATION BRANCH
1925
REPORT
OF THE
Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory,
Muktesar
For the two years ending 31st March, 1924.
(J. T. EDWARDS, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S.)
I. STAFF OF IMPERIAL AND GAZETTED OFFICERS.
Director. Mr. J. T. Edwards.
Second Bacteriologist. Mr. S. C. J. Bennett.
Third Bacteriologist. Held until 15th March, 1924, by Mr. T. M.
Timoney, who resigned his appointment on the expiry of his three years'
probationary period on that date ; subsequently occupied in an officiat-
ing capacity, for a period of one year in the first instance, by Mr. M. B.
Menon, a Veterinary Inspector on the staff of the laboratory who had
undergone the two years' trial course instituted here for Provincial
Service officers selected for training with a view to promotion to the
Imperial branch of the Indian Veterinary Service.
Pathologist. Mr. Hugh Cooper.
Veterinary Officer. Temporarily filled by Mr. M. J. Brett, an officer
of the Indian Veterinary Service, on his landing in Bombay on 31st
March, 1922, vice Mr. W. A. Pool. This officer was relieved on the 30th
August, 1923, by Mr. J. R. Haddow, who was appointed by the Secre-
tary of State to hold the post substantively, and landed in Bombay on
24th August, 1923.
First Laboratory Assistant (Upper Grade). Mr. David' Keiller.
Second Laboratory Assistant (Upper Grade). Mr. G. P. Goffi. This
officer returned from 12 months and 9 days' combined leave and resumed
charge of his duties on 14th November, 1922. While on leave in England
he underwent a course of training at the South-Western Polytechnic
Institute, Chelsea, from 28th April to 6th July, 1922.
Third Laboratory Assistant (Upper Grade). Mr. W. Mobbs. This
officer was granted one year's combined leave with effect from 13th
November, 1922, and during his absence Mr. M. B. Menon (then Veteri-
nary Inspector) officiated in the post.