NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1919
13
calves in poor condition died, as a result of the rinderpest
reactions, out of 143 inoculated at Sitapur, and one cross-bred
calf and one buffalo heifer died at Allahabad.
In November Mr. Phadke proceeded to the Southern
Circle and inoculated the stock at Bangalore.
Later, twenty-seven young Ayrshire bulls arrived at
Bombay and were sent to Ahmedabad to be immunized. The
reactions obtained were not severe, but in four animals
pneumonia developed after the rinderpest reaction and all
succumbed. This unfortunate result was mainly due to the
animals not having been given sufficient time to become
accustomed to their new conditions of life in this country
before being subjected to inoculation.
Similarly five young Ayrshire bulls at the Kirkee farm
were presented for inoculation shortly after arrival in this
country; only four were injected as the fifth was obviously
unfit to stand the reaction, but one of those treated died four
days after inoculation and another died on the seventh
day ; in neither case were lesions of rinderpest present but
both died as the result of impaction of the stomach. These
experiences clearly show that imported animals should be
allowed sufficient time to become acclimatized before subject-
ing them to simultaneous inoculation. The cross-bred and
country stock at Kirkee showed good reactions and all
recovered.
During March and April, 1919, the stock at Belgaum
and Jubbulpore were treated, the only fatality being a cross-
bred cow at the latter farm. Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth
disease prevented the carrying out of inoculations at Ruk
and Mhow. After the conclusion of the inoculations at
Allahabad, Mr. Vacha continued visiting the farms in the
Northern Circle—Cawnpore, Agra, Karnal, Lahore, Feroze-
pur, Peshawar and Gambar. Two Holstein bulls were
succesfully immunized at Karnal, and there were no deaths
at any of the farms. Owing to sickness in April, 1919,
Mr. Vacha was unable to treat the cattle at Bahowal and
Sialkot.
Very few animals showed piroplasmosis in connection
with the reactions ; cases in which the organism was detected
in the blood were injected with trypan-blue and all recovered.
During November, 1918, the Second Bacteriologist visited
Pusa and inoculated the bulls, young stock and dry cows of
the Montgomery and cross-bred herds by the simultaneous
method. Two Ayrshire bulls were successfully treated, and
good reactions were obtained in 90 per cent. of the cross¬
breds and 70 per cent. of the Montgomeries ; there were no
deaths.
14 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATRY
To summarize the results of the inoculations during the
winter 1918-19, 40 pure-bred imported animals were treated
out of which six died, but in no case was rinderpest directly
responsible for death ; 438 cross-bred stock were inoculated
with six deaths; 382 buffaloes with one death and 649
country animals without a single death. The percentage
mortality among the total of 1,509 animals was 0.86 or,
excluding the pure-bred imported stock, only 0.47.
The following table shows the number of animals
treated during 1918-19 at the various farms: —
Northern Circle.
Gambar . . .
Peshawar
.
.
Lahore .
Ferozepur
Karnal ...
Agra
Cawnpore
.
.
Allahabad
.
.
Sitapur .
TOTAL
Southern Circle.
Bangalore.
Belgaum .
.
.
Kirkee
.
.
Jubbulpore
.
Ahmedabad
TOTAL
.
Pusa.
Pusa
.
GRAND TOTAL
Pure-bred
imported
stock
...
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
1
3
3
...
4
1
27
35
2
40
Cross-bred
stock
8
40
1
1
32
13
...
24
143
262
86
7
28
16
...
137
39
438
Country
stock
22
45
82
60
25
25
41
1
16
317
30
66
56
52
...
204
128
649
Buffaloes
9
22
36
24
64
22
11
28
37
248
39
35
16
44
...
134
...
382
Total
39
107
119
85
123
60
52
48
197
830
158
108
104
113
27
510
169
1,509
Deaths
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
4
6
...
...
2
1
4
7
...
13
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1919
15
IV. RESEARCH.
What was said in the last Annual Report regarding the
amount of time that could be given to research work, applies
with even greater force for the year under report.
A great amount of time has been of necessity expended
in overcoming difficulties connected with shortages of
supplies of all kinds and of labour.
The enhanced output of the laboratory has also contri-
buted to reducing the amount of time that could be given to
research work.
Rinderpest. Experiments regarding the length of time
for which hides remain infective are being continued under
varying atmospheric conditions.
Hæmorrhagic septicæmia. Experiments similar to
those with rinderpest hides are being carried out.
Contagious abortion. Only a few samples of serum
have been tested during the year.
Johne's disease. Suspected materials from two cases
of Johne's disease have been received at the laboratory.*
Examination yielded a positive result in both instances.
The specimens came from Bettiah (Bihar). Fresh attempts
are being made to cultivate the organism.
Tuberculosis. A number of strains of tubercle bacilli
are under cultivation, and it is hoped that circumstances will
permit of a series of inoculation experiments with cattle
and buffaloes being undertaken shortly.
Parasitic worms. A new species of worm causing
fatal gastritis in calves was detected and a Bulletin published
containing a description of it.
A parasitic worm occurring in the larynx and pharynx
of cattle and buffaloes has been examined, and it is hoped
that an account of it will be submitted for publication
shortly.
Malaria. What appears to be a case of true malarial in-
fection has been discovered in a buffalo and a Bulletin on
the subject has been issued.
Publications. During the year 1918-19 the following
papers were submitted for publication.
(1) A new Nematode causing Parasitic Gastritis in Calves,
by A. Leslie Sheather (Agric. Res. Inst., Pusa, Bulletin No.
86).
(2) A Malarial Parasite in the Blood of a Buffalo, by A.
Leslie Sheather (Agric, Res. Inst., Pusa, Bulletin No. 90).
*These cases were received during the last week of May and the third week of
June, 1919. It has been thought advisable to refer to them here to avoid delay in
notifying another district in which the disease has been detected.
16
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
Table showing the doses of different products issued from the
Products
Rinderpest serum
Anthrax serum .
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum .
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vac-
cine.
Black Quarter vaccine
Mallein
Ophthalmic mallein .
Tuberculin
.
.
.
.
Anti-Streptococcic serum .
Anti-Streptococcic vaccine .
Special vaccine
.
.
Streptccoccic and Staphylococcic
vaccine (mixed).
TOTAL
Punjab
192,500
...
15,500
54,350
2,000
223
...
80
...
...
...
264,653
N.-W. F. P. and North
Punjab
114,000
...
9,000
23,000
12,600
...
...
...
...
...
...
158,600
QUANTITY OF SERA (IN DOSES)
South Punjab
140,000
...
7,000
25,500
...
80
...
...
...
...
...
...
172,580
United Provinces
128,090
...
2,000
...
...
200
...
34
...
...
...
...
130,324
Bengal
140,200
8,000
...
...
...
250
...
385
...
...
...
...
148,835
Assam
26,000
12,334
4,000
...
50
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
42,384
Bihar and Orissa
298,000
3,000
37,000
19,000
3,000
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
360,000
Central Provinces
160,000
2,003
7,000
...
...
15
...
...
...
...
...
...
169,018
...
NOTE.—The amounts of various products shown under each province
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1919
17
Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory during the year 1918-19.
ISSUED
Bombay
80,540
1,021
5,016
3,055
100
100
...
12
...
...
...
...
89,844
Madras
388,350
...
5,000
...
...
1,100
...
12
50
...
...
...
394,512
Sind,
Baluchistan and
Rajputana
2,300
...
2,000
400
400
250
...
58
...
...
...
...
5,408
Burma
185,000
...
...
...
...
...
...
300
...
...
...
...
185,300
Coorg
11,800
400
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
12,200
Military Department
450,700
419
900
...
...
154,311
...
534
10,595
...
450
7,459
625,368
Native States
118,750
6,700
4,250
50
1,000
1,772
10
...
116
135
...
68
132,851
Foreign Countries
567,220
133
1,666
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
569,019
Imperial
Bacteriolo-
gical Laboratory
30,996
2,542
31,714
...
26
1,790
...
5
278
...
...
67,351
Discarded in the labo-
ratory on account of
contamination
225,170
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
225,170
TOTAL
3,259,616
36,552
132,046
125,355
19,176
160,091
10
1,420
11,039
135
450
7,527
3,753,417
include also the quantities supplied to private bodies in the province.
18
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
Table showing main results of the working of the
QUANTITY IN DOSES OF SERA OR ANTI-TOXIN PREPARED AND ISSUED
Name of sera
or anti-toxin
1
2
Rinderpest
serum (dose
5 c.c.
Anthrax serum
(dose 15 c.c.)
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia
serum (dose
15 c.c.)
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia
vaccine (dose
5 c.c.)
Black Quarter
vaccine (dose
1 pill)
Mallein (dose
1 c.c.)
Ophthalmic
Mallein (dose
1/5 c.c.)
Tuberculin
(dose 2 c c )
Anti-Strepto¬
coccic serum
(dose 15 c.c.)
Anti-Strepto-
coccic vaccine
(dose 5 c.c.)
Special vaccine
(dose 1 c.c.)
Streptococcic
and Staphylo-
coccic (mixed)
vaccine (dose
1 c.c.)
TOTAL
Opening balance
3
228,010
2,098
44,145
13,726
9,155
800
1,099
...
...
299,033
Prepared during
the year
4
3,213,043
46,368
155,135
125,355
45,000
143,346
10
632
13,395
135
450
7,527
3,750,396
Returned serum
5
6,000
...
...
...
...
7,750
...
...
...
...
13,750
TOTAL
6
3,447,053
48,466
199 280
125,355
58,726
160,251
10
1,432
14,494
135
4.0
7,527
4,063,179
Issued during the year
7
3,259,616
36,552
132,046
125,355
19,176
160,091
10
1,420
11,039
135
450
7,527
3,753,417
Stock in hand
8
187,437
11,914
67,234
...
39,550
160
12
3,455
...
...
...
309,762
INSTRUCTION IM-
PARTED
Department or province
9
A.V.C.
Sumatra
Dut ch East
Indies
Bengal
Bihar
and
Orissa
European officers attending class
10
2
1
...
3
Number passed
11
2
1
...
3
Indian veterinary gradu-
ates
12
1
1
2
Number passed
13
1
1
2
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST
MARCH,1919
19
Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory during the year 1918-19.
Sal e of sera, vaccines
and other products
14
Rs.
}342,402
342,402
A.
11
11
P.
0
0
RECEIPTS
Sale of animals
15
Rs.
16
16
A.
0
0
P.
0
0
Sal e of g a r d e n pr o-
duct s and reserved
f or est s
16
Rs.
1,094
1,094
A.
8
8
P.
6
6
Other miscellaneous
receipts
17
Rs.
695
695
A.
5
5
P.
9
9
FINANCIAL
RESULTS
TOTAL
18
Rs.
344,208
344,208
A.
9
9
P.
3
3
Sal ar i es and t r avel ¬
ling allowances of
officers and staff
19
Rs.
107,963
107,963
A.
12
12
P.
7
7
Feed and keep of
animals
20
Rs.
197,556
197,556
A.
14
14
P.
5
5
EXPENDITURE
Cost of chemicals and
apparatus
21
Rs.
31,891
31,891
A.
11
11
P.
1
1
Other miscellaneous
expenditure
22
Rs.
56,405
56,405
A.
15
15
P.
9
9
Pur c ha s e of animals
23
Rs.
43,894
43,894
A.
7
7
P.
6
6
TOTAL
24
Rs.
437,712
437,712
A.
13
13
P.
4
4
ANNUAL REPORT
OF
The Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory,
Muktesar
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31st MARCH, 1920.
CALCUTTA
SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA
1921
Price 5 Annas.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF
The Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory,
Muktesar
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1920.
CALCUTTA
SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA
1920
Agents for the sale of Books published by the
Superintendent, Government Printing, India, Calcutta.
IN EUROPE.
Constable & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square,
London, W.C.
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 68-74, Carter Lane,
E.C., and 25, Museum Street, London, W.C.
Bernard Quartich, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street,
London, W.
P. S. King & Sons, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, West-
minster, London, S.W.
H. S. King & Co., 65, Cornhill, E.C., and 9, Pall Mall,
London, W.
Grindlay & Co., 54, Parliament Street, London, S.W.
Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, London, W.C.
W. Thacker & Co., 2, Creed Lane, London, E.C.
T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., 1, Adelphi Terrace, London,
W.C.
Wm. Wesley & Son, 28, Essex Street, Strand, London.
B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford
Deighton Bell & Co., Ltd., Cambridge.
Oliver and Boyd, Tweeddale Court, Edinburgh.
E. Ponsonby, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin.
Earnest Leroux, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris.
Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Holland.
IN INDIA AND CEYLON.
Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta and Simla.
Newman & Co., Calcutta.
R. Cambray & Co., Calcutta.
S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta.
B. Banerjee & Co., Calcutta.
The Indian School Supply Depôt, 309, Bow Bazar Street,
Calcutta, and 226, Nawabpur, Dacca.
Butterworth & Co. (India), Ltd., Calcutta.
Rai M. C. Sarcar Bahadur & Sons, 90-2-A, Harrison
Road, Calcutta.
The Weldon Library, 57, Park Street, West, Calcutta.
Standard Literatudre Company, Limited, Calcutta.
Lal Chand & Sons, Calcutta.
Association Press, Calcutta.
Higginbotham & Co., Madras.
V. Kalyanarama Iyer & Co., Madras.
G. A. Natesan & Co., Madras.
S. Murthy & Co., Madras.
Thompson & Co., Madras.
Temple & Co., Madras.
P. R. Rama Iyer & Co., Madras.
Vas & Co., Madras.
E. M. Gopalakrishna Kone, Madura.
Thacker & Co., Ltd., Bombay.
D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., Bombay.
Mrs. Radhabai Atmaram Sagoon, Bombay.
Sunder Pandurang, Bombay.
Gopal Narayan & Co., Bombay.
Ram Chandra Govind & Son, Kalbadevi, Bombay.
Proprietor, New Kitabkhana, Poona.
The Standard Bookstall. Karachi.
Mangaldas Harkisandas, Surat.
Karsandas Narandas & Sons, Surat.
A. H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad, Calcutta and Bombay.
N. B. Mathur, Supt., Nazir Kanun Hind Press,
Allahabad.
Munshi Seeta Ram, Managing Proprietor, Indian Army
Book Depot, Juhe, Cawnpore.
Rai Sahib M. Gulab Singh & Sons, Mufid-i-Am Press,
Lahore and Allahabad.
Rama Krishna & Sons, Lahore.
Supt., American Baptist Mission Press, Rangoon.
S. C. Talukdar, Proprietor, Students and Company,
Cooch Behar.
A. M. & J. Ferguson, Ceylon.
Manager, Educational Book Depôts, Nagpur and
Jubbulpore.*
Manager of the Imperial Book Depôt, 63, Chandney
Chauk Street, Delhi.*
Manager, "The Agra Medical Hall and Co-operative
Association, Ltd." (Successors to A. John & Co.,
Agra.)*
Supt., Basel Mission Book and Tract Depository,
Mangalore.*
P. Varadachary & Co., Madras.*
H. Liddell, Printer, etc., 7, South Road, Allahabad.*
Ram Dayal Agarwala, 184, Katra, Allahabad.*
D. C. Anand & Sons, Peshawar.*
Manager, Newal Kishore Press, Lucknow.*
* Agents for the sale of Legislative. Department publications only.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF
The Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory,
Muktesar
FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st MARCH, 1920.
(W. A. POOL, M.R.C.V.S.)
I. ADMINISTRATION.
Staff. Mr. A. Leslie Sheather, B. Sc., M.R.C.V.S.,
remained in charge of the office of Director and First Bacterio-
logist throughout the year.
Mr Shilston remained in charge of the office of Second
Bacteriologist up to the 17th June, 1919. His sad death from
glanders on 6th July, 1919, deprived the Veterinary Service
in India and the Muktesar staff of a most capable and
valuable officer.
I took over charge of the duties of Second Bacteriologist
on the 30th July, 1919.
The post of Physiological Chemist has been abolished
and in its place a new appointment has been created to be
filled by an officer of the Indian Civil Veterinary
Department.
Both the Pathologist's and the Veterinary Officer's
appointments remained vacant during the year under
report.
The post of a Second Assistant Bacteriologist, with two
Veterinary Inspectors, four Dressers and two Peons, has
been added to the staff of this laboratory in connection with
the scheme for the development of cattle-breeding and dairy-
ing in India.
Mr. W. Pryde Watson was appointed Engineer and
assumed charge of the post on the 14th June, 1919.
During the year under report the three Laboratory
Assistants (Upper grade), the Farm Manager, and four
Veterinary Deputy Superintendents were admitted to gazetted
A
2
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
rank. The veterinary staff was strengthened by the
sanction of two Inspectors and the office by two additional
posts of clerks.
The appointment of an Assistant Surgeon in place of
the Sub-Assistant Surgeon was sanctioned and a Civil
Assistant Surgeon assumed charge of the dispensary at
Muktesar during December 1919.
Tours. Towards the end of May 1919, Mr. Sheather
attended a Surra Conference in Delhi and in July had to go
to Naini Tal to see Mr. Shilston in the hospital. During
the last week in October he visited Bareilly and thence
proceeded to Simla viâ Kasauli. Between the 28th
November and 10th December, 1919, he went to Pusa to
attend the meeting of the Board of Agriculture and also
visited Bettiah Raj to test cases of Johne's disease.
Between 7th and 12th January, 1920,I visited Bareilly
and supervised the serum preparation work at the Branch
Laboratory.
Training. Major D. Bolton, R. A.V.C., visited Muktesar
to study the method of simultaneous inoculation against
rinderpest from 20th December, 1919, to 3rd January, 1920.
Mr. K. Raghebendra Rao, Veterinary Assistant,
Madras, underwent a course of training from 1st November,
1919, to 27th January, 1920.
Fodder and grain. The arrangements for obtaining
grain were satisfactory but difficulty was often experienced
in obtaining transport.
Hay, however, could not be obtained in sufficient
quantity. The shortage mentioned under this heading in
last year's Annual Report made itself felt acutely from
August to October 1919.
When the supply was exhausted, labour could not be
obtained to bring in green grass and oak leaves in sufficient
quantity at the seasons when they are used to augment the
hay supply when necessary. In consequence, serum making
had practically to be stopped during September and October.
To meet the excessive demands for serum which involved
the upkeep of more serum-making animals, 50,000 maunds
of hay were found to be necessary and a contract was made
for that amount last autumn.
MUKTESAR, FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH, 1920
3
Owing to the paucity of labour, high wages demanded
and the increased amount required, it was found absolutely
necessary to raise the price from 13 annas to R. 1-4-0 per
maund for hay. Only 35,000 maunds were delivered by
the 31st March, 1919, and it is doubtful if more than
another 2,000 maunds will be supplied before the date of
termination of the contract.
Forests. Great difficulty was experienced during the
past year in extracting and transporting the produce to the
laboratory on account of shortage of labour. The adminis-
tration of the forests was as usual carried on satisfactorily
and the supply of wood in the forests was in excess of our
requirements.
Water supply. The installation of the new pumps,
which was completed during the year, shewed that the
generating plant is not quite sufficient to meet the full
requirements of the station when the water in the upper
spring gets low and it is necessary to pump daily from the
lower source. This occurs from March till the rains start.
Plans and estimates are therefore being made to increase the
generating plant by the installation of high speed generating
sets in addition to the existing Hornsby engine.
Electric centrifuges. The six new centrifuges have
been delivered at Muktesar and are in process of erection.
Supply of hill bulls and plains animals. Consider-
able difficulty was experienced during the earlier months of
the year in obtaining supplies of hill bulls, and at one time
animals under experiment had to be sacrificed for the provi-
sion of virus. Prices had to be increased again.
Branch Laboratory. For the preparation of anti-
rinderpest serum and to maintain the rinderpest virus, the
Branch Laboratory at Kurgaina (Bareilly) was opened
early in October 1919. As in previous years a number of
grass chuppers (sheds) were erected for the accommodation
of animals.
To minimize the fodder difficulties at Muktesar, towards
the end of December a large number of hill bulls were trans-
ferred to-the-Branch Laboratory.
The total output of rinderpest serum at Bareilly during
the last winter was 1,124,816 doses as against 1,071, 422
doses during 1918-19.
This output was of great assistance to meet the demands
for serum which were very great. The provision of cool
A 2
4
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY,
storage accommodation at Kurgaina is one of urgent
necessity and this question will be dealt with separately.
The question of establishing a second bacteriological
laboratory in India for the manufacture of sera and vaccine
for veterinary purposes was discussed by an informal
committee which arrived at a definite conclusion that
Bareilly is not suitable either for a manufacturing
centre or for a research institute. The Government of India
concurred in this conclusion and the project for the
construction of a bacteriological laboratory at Bareilly,
referred to in previous reports, was dropped.
The old laboratory at Kurgaina will, however, have to
be kept on for some years at least, and sanction has been
asked for the erection of a few more cattle sheds.
Financial aspect. The receipts from sale of the
laboratory products during the year amounted to
Rs. 3,84,396-4-11* to which a sum of Rs. 1,43,355-2-0† may
be added for supplies to the Army Department.
The total revenue would thus amount to Rs. 5,27,751-6-11
against an expenditure of Rs. 5,00,509-10-0‡.
It was decided by Government that the cost of sera, etc.,
supplied to the overseas forces and for the North-West
Frontier operations for the period 1st April, 1914, to 28th
February, 1919, amounting to Rs. 2,21,930-11-9, will be
debited to the Central War Controller.
General remarks. In the second week of January
1920, some cases of influenza occurred at Muktesar but the
outbreak was of a mild type. Cases of relapsing fever also
made their appearance when influenza was prevailing.
Most rigid steps were taken for the prevention of both
diseases which died out within 2½ months' time.
As during the last year paucity of labour remained a
source of anxiety. The labour we had was induced to
remain by giving enhanced wages. Government was asked
if assistance could be given by temporarily detailing men
from a Labour Corps but this was not found possible.
* This amount includes the arrears of the previous year. Bills amounting to
Rs. 17,076-2-0 are still awaiting payment.
† Of this amount Rs. 66,025 will be debited to the War Controller for products
supplied during the year to the Army Department in excess of normal peace time
requirements, leaving Rs. 77,330-2-0 for the value of supplies made free of charge.
‡ Includes an expenditure of Rs. 11,840-7-4 incurred in connection with the
inoculations in military dairies.