NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
PLATE II.
FIG. 1.—Bodies shewing curious tail-like structure, distinct from the "tail" often seen
joining the two chromatin masses.
FIG. 2.—Bodies shewing appearance of a ruptured capsule.
FIG. 3.—Matrix. Faintly stained irregular mass.
FIG. 4.—Matrix. Cytoplasm of endothelium cell containing bodies. Unruptured endo-
thelium cells are seen in films of splenic blood shewing an exactly similar cytoplasm. See
also fig. 6 and fig. 7.
FIG. 5.—Matrix. Type 2. Shews mass much smaller than a red cell. Similar glo-
bular masses are seen, the same size or larger than red cells.
FIG. 6.—Endothelium cells from femoral vein.
FIG. 7.—Endothelium cell from femoral vein. Exactly similar cells are seen in film
of splenic blood.
FIG. 8.—Section of endothelium cell slightly swollen and containing two bodies
(Testis).
FIG. 9.—Section of endothelium cell much swollen and containing many bodies
(Small vessel in granulation tissue).
FIG. 10.—Large necrotic macrophage (spleen).
FIG. 11.—Similar cell but reduced to a mere pellicle.
FIG. 12.—Medium sized and large ulcer on leg. Case of Splenic infection. Bodies
were present in the granulation tissue.
FIG. 13.—Single body lying in cytoplasm of endotheiioid cell. (Dermis, Unulcerated
papule.)
PLATE II.
F i g . 4 . F i g .6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 3.
Fig.10.
Fig. 9.
P h o t o g r a v u r e .
Survey of India Offices, Calcutta, May 1904.
Papers referred to in the text.
1. Cunningham. Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of India.
Part 1. 1885.
2. Wright. Protozoa in a case of Tropical Ulcer. The Journal of Medical Research,
vol. X, No. 3 (new series, vol. V, No. 3). December 1903.
3. Laveran and Mesnil. Comptes rendus des séances de l'academie des Sciences,
t. CXXXVIII, p. 187. 25th January 1904.
4. Kuhnan. Zeit. f. Hygiene. Bd. 25, p. 492.
5. Werigo. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. 1892.
6. Donovan. Indian Medical Gazette. March 1904.
7. Ross. Thomson-Yate's Reports.
(NEW SERIES.)
No. II.
SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS
BY
OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL AND SANITARY DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
ON A PARASITE FOUND IN PERSONS SUFFERING FROM ENLARGEMENT
OF THE SPLEEN IN INDIA, SECOND REPORT.
BY
LIEUT. S. R. CHRISTOPHERS, M.B., I.M.S.
(On special duty.)
ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
BY THE SANITARY COMMISSIONER WITH THE GOVERNMENT
OF INDIA, SIMLA.
C CALCUTTA:
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA.
1904.
Price Rup s 2, or 3 Shillings.
Dated Nagpur, the 11th April 1877.
I B'!
N o . 1 3 4 6 / 2 1 3
A. H. L. FRASER, ESQ.,
OFFG. ASST. SECRETARY TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER,
Central Provinces.
THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,
I am directed to submit the reports on the working of the Lock Hospitals of
amptee, Sitabaldi, Jubbulpore, and Saugor, for the year 1876, with minutes
recorded on the Jubbulpore Report by the Magistrate of the District and Senior
Medical Officer, British Troops, and a resolution passed thereon by the Committee.
2. It will be noted that, though there is slight increase noticeable in some
of the figures, yet, on the whole, the results are much as last year.
It would appear, however, that the disease has, in Kamptee at least, partaken
o f a l e s s v i r u l e n t c h a r a c t e r . T h e s u p e r v i s i o n a n d w o r k i n g o f t h e h o s p i t a l s h a s b e e n
satisfactorily carried out. But there is the same want of marked success, the same
complaint of the absence of tangible results, in regard to the great object of
these institutions, viz. the suppression of venereal disease amongst the troops.
3. The Chief Commissioner does not consider it necessary again to take up
the subject at length, as it has been recently discussed pretty fully in this Office
letter No. 1040-213, dated 22nd instant. It is enough to note how in all the
reports, the great hindrance to real success is shown to be that the soldiers resort
to unlicensed prostitutes. The case of Jubbulpore shows that it is not enough to
forbid the soldiers to go to the town without passes. This was done by the Officer
Commanding the 1-11 Regiment there; and the result was that a soldier was hardly
even seen in the town. But the women came from the town to the station, and
prowled about in the neighbourhood of the large " maidan" round which the Can-
tonment boundary runs, and there they eluded the watch of the Police, and solicited
the soldiers apparently with great success. For during the first half of the year
there were not less than 89 admissions to the hospital; while from July to
December there were only 23. So marked a decrease as this cannot be attributed
to chance, or to the ordinary fluctuations in immorality or in the diseases them-
selves, and there seems no other explanation for it than this, that partly owing to
the prevalence of cholera causing an emphatic check to be put on general communi-
cation between the city and station or cantonment, partly owing to the rains
rendering it inconvenient for them to go so far to ply their trade, the women of the
city did not come to cantonments ; and the soldiers had to resort to the registered
women of the Sudder Bazaar. It is certainly partly due to this cause. It
w o u l d a p p e a r t h e n , t h a t m o r e s t r i n g e n t m e a s u r e s f o r t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f t h e s o l d i e r s a r e
2
required than even those prudently adopted by Colonel Roe. Some of the reports
call for strong repressive measures to be directed against unregistered prostitutes.
Others for penalties on soldiers infected by such women. Both courses might
probably with advantage be resorted to. But the Chief Commissioner's views on
this point have been already fully expressed in the letter above quoted.
4. Without further remark, I am therefore to forward the annual reports. O T
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
A. H. L. FRASER,
REPORT OF THM LOCK HOSPITAL, NAGPUR, 1876.
From Colonel J. B. Dennys, Deputy Commissioner, Nagpur, to the Commissioner,
Nagpur Division,—No. 161, dated Nagpur, the 20th January 1877.
I have the honour to forward the annual report of the Sitabaldi Lock
Hospital for the year 1876, and to state that as I am giving over charge of the
district, and have no personal knowledge of the working of the institution, I do
not wish to delay the submission of the report.
From-Lieut. Colonel C. B. Lucie Smith, Offg. Commissioner, Nagpur Division, to
the Secretary to the Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces,—No. 320, dated
Nagpur, the 29th January 1877.
I have the honor to submit in original the annual Medical report of the
Sitabaldi Lock Hospital for the year 1876, together with covering letter No, 161,.
dated 20th instant, from the Deputy Commissioner of Nagpur, and to remark as
follows :—
2.At the commencement of 1876 there were 17 prostitutes on the register,
of whom 4 removed their names during the year, and 3 prostitutes not previously
registered were brought on the roll, making a total of 16 at the close of the year.
The number of those who attended the weekly examination was from 5 to 7, while
the number of those who absented themselves without reasonable cause ranged
from 5 to 8, and many of these were prosecuted before the Magistrate. In 56
instances the prostitutes examined were found diseased, but only in 2 cases was
the disease syphilis.
3.The total cost of working the Hospital during the year amounted to
Rs. 2,112-7-11, of which Rs. 600 was on account of house rent ; and the strength
of the European Detachment, for the benefit of whose rank and file the institution
is maintained, averaged daily 48 men. From this strength only 3 admissions
into hospital on account of venereal disease contracted in Sitabaldi took place
during the year, and it is fair to assume that this comparative immunity from
disease is due in some measure to the working of the Lock Hospital.
Annual Medical Report of the Lock Hospital at Sitabaldi for the year 1876, by
Surgeon J. W. Strong, 8th Regiment .M. N. I. i n M e d i c a l c h a r g e , L o c k .
H o s p i t a l , S i t a b a l d i — d a t e d S i t a b a l d i , 1 s t J a n u a r y 1 8 7 7 .
Hospital building.
The present building has been used as a Lock Hospital since July 1871. It.
is situated near the Juma tank, well back to a road lead
-ing to the Railway Station to the City of Nagpur, well
raised from the ground, ventilated, lighted and comparatively isolated. It is
capable of accommodating 18 in-patients. There are 3 wards, a surgery, which is
used as an examination room, a cook room, a bath room and 2 rooms for servants.
There is one latrine ; dry earth conservancy is used, and the soil removed twice
daily. No change has been made in the building during the year.
Hospital building.
2
Change in the Medical charge,
I was in Medical charge for the whole year.
The only European troop at the Station consists of a Detachment of II, M's,
33rd Regiment.
The average equal strength of it during the whole year has been 48-23. The
number of admissions for venereal diseases during the same period has been as
follows. Primary syphilis 3, secondary syphilis 2, Gonorrhoea 7 : of these, 7 were
contracted at Kamptee and 3 at Sitabaldi.
There is decidedly a greater diminution in the admissions for venereal affec-
tions this year than in the preceding years from this statement I consider a
great benefit has been derived from the careful working of the institution..
The weekly reports of venereal diseases are regularly received.
The statement showing the extent of venereal diseases among the European
troops is attached.
There is a monthly Committee, composed of [the Officers named below..
The Deputy Commissioner Nagpur, the Sanitary Com-
missioner, Central Pro vinces, the Civil Surgeon Nag-
pur, the Medical Officer in charge of the Institution.
qEcers composing the Committee.
Measures for the control of
prostitution.
The only measures for the control of prostitution, are
registration and examination of women.
Three woman have been brought on the register during the year.
Only those women frequented by the European soldiers are supposed to be
on the register. It extends over an area of 5 miles
round Cantonment, 3 names were added in the
yegister, and 4 removed during the year.
There are now 16 registered prostitutes on the register.
Registration have far extended.
Registration fees,
No registration fees have been levied.
Summonses are signed by me on every Saturday, and served by the Police
to each woman, ordering her to appear for examination
on the following Wednesday morning. A report is
sent weekly to the Deputy Commissioner, showing what
women have attended, are found diseased, or have absented themselves. The
attendance of the prostitutes on the whole during the year has been regular.
The number. reported for non-attendance has been 83 . 75. The average number
of attendance has been. 5 . 69; The number found to be diseased has been 56.
Some of the women have been fined and some were imprisoned by the Magistrate
or non-attendance,
No examinations are made in the City.
Only the registered prostitutes are subject to examination weekly at the Lock
Hospital. They are examined in my presence with the
speculum one after another, in as private a manner as
possible in the Surgery by the Hospital Assistant, and assistO by the female
Attendance of the women at
inspections.
Area embraced by registration.
3
cooly. The instruments after having been used are washed. and disinfected with
Condy's fluid at each time. Any women found to have venereal affections are
admitted into Hospital for treatment.
The number of admissions during the year has been 56, viz. :—primary
syphilis 2, Gonorrhœa 50, abrasion of uterus 1, ulcer of
uterus 2, condyloma 1 ; it, is less by 8 than that of the
previous year. The type of disease appears to be of a milder form, judging from the
average number of , days that each case was in Hospital. No admission from second
ary syphilis. The average daily number under treatment has been 1 .41. Among
the men there were only 3 primary syphilis, 2 secondary syphilis, and 7
gonorrhœa ; the disease therefore of the two classes bears some analogy to each
other.
The female cooly attached to the Lock Hospital accompanies the Head
Constable to serve the weekly summonses to the women,
and occasionally visits them. in their houses.
The institution has worked satisfactorily during the year : not only has there
been a decrease in the number of admissions for venereal
diseases, but also in the severity of the type of the
disease, consequently lessening the danger of disease
contagion to those who resort to the registered prosti-
tutes.
2nd Class Hospital Assistant A. Jacob No. 661, is a very intelligent, zealous
and trustworthy Subordinate. He has performed his
duties to my entire satisfaction.
Type of disease among the women.
The Dhaie.
Any information on other
matters or suggestions for the im-
provement of the rules.
Medical Subordinate.
Statement of Expenees for the year 1876.
Dated 1st January 1877.
STATION.
M e d i c a l O f f i c e r ' s a i i o w a n c e .
M e d i c a l S u b o r d i n a t e ' s S a l a r y a n d r i c e m o n e y .
N u r s e s .
F e m a l e c o o l i e s .
P e o n s .
C o o k s .
W a t e r m a n .
T o t y .
P e r i s h a b l e a r t i c l e s .
W a s h i n g .
D i e t s .
H o u s e r e n t .
Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p.
73 10
600 0 0
8
1 1 0
0
60 0
35
1 1
0
48 0 0
0
7
60 0 0 60 0 0 60 0 0
Sitabaldi.
...
0 0 506
11
... ...
600
. . .
Detailed Statement of sanctioned Establishment for the year 1876.
STATI ON.
M e d i c a l O f f i c e r s .
H o s p i t a l A s s i s t a n t s .
N u r s e s o r M a t r o n .
F e m a l e c o o l i e s .
B h i s t i e s o r W a t e r m e n .
C o o k s .
T o t i e s o r S w e e p e r s .
P e o n s .
O n R s . 1 0 0
O n R s . 5 0 .
O n R s . 6 0 . O n R s . 4 0 .
O n R s . 2 5 .
O n R s . 2 0 .
O n R s . . .
O n R s . 1 2 .
O n R s . 5 .
O n R s . 1 5 .
O n R s . 8 .
O n R s . 4 .
O n R s . 1 4 .
O n R s . 7 .
O n R s . 5 .
O n R s . 1 0 .
O n R s . . .
O n R s . 5 .
O n R s . 6 .
O n R s . .
O n R s . 5 .
1
Sitabaldi
...
. . .
1
...
1
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
1
. . .
. . .
1
. . .
. . .
1
. . .
. . .
1 ...
. . .
5
Annual Statement No. I of the Lock Hospital at Sitabaldi, for the year 1876.
Dated 1st January 1877.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Local Government or
Administration.
Date on which Lock
I
Hospital esta.
blished.
Act under which the
Rules are in force.
Area over
which the
Rules are in
force.
Estimated
nativepopu
- l a t i o n w i t h
- i n t h i s a r e a .
Details of monthly pay of.Establishment .
Whether a
first or second
class hospital.
Remarks.
C e n t r a l P r o v i n e e s .
1 3 t h J u l y 1 8 7 1 .
A c t X I V . o f 1 8 6 8 .
5 M i l e s .
8 4 , 4 4 1 .
Rs. A. P.
2 n d C l a s s H o s p i t a l .
Medical Officers
...
50 0 0
Native Doctor
... 40 0 0
Peon
. . .
5 0 0
Female Cooly
...
5 0 0
Cook
...
5 0 0
Waterman
...
4 0 0
Toty woman
...
5 0 0
Total monthly cost of Establishment .. 114 0 0
Annual Statement No. II. of the Lock .Hospital at Sitabaldi for the year 1876.
Dated 1st January 1877.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Number of registered
prostitutes.
Average number of pro
- stitutes on the register
in each month and for
the year.
Average number of pro-
stitutes attending the
periodical
examina-
tion.
Number reported. to Can
- tonment Magistrate or
other Civil authority
for non-attendance.
Number of prosti-
tutes found diseas-
ed at the periodical
examinations and
detained for treat-
meat.
Record of diseases.
Average number of
prostitutes in
hospital.
Diseases.
R e m a i n e d .
A d m i t t e d .
T o t a l .
C u r e d .
D i e d .
R e m a i n i n g .
T o t a l .
'Number remain-
ing on the re-
gister at the
end of last year.
January ... 16 'January ... 6.00 January ... 6 . 75 January ...
4
January ... 1·32
17
February ... 16 February... 5 . 25 February ... 7 . 00 February ...
February ... 1·31
March
... 15 March
... 5 . 80 March
... 7 .40 March
... 5 Primary Sypbilis. ...
2
2
2 ... ...
2 March ... 1·29
Number added
to the register
during the year
1876
April
..
16 April
..
5 .25 April
... 5.00 April
...
3 Gonorrbœa
... 1 50 51 51
. . . ... 51 April
... 1·50
3
May
17 May
... 7 .40 May
... 7.20 May ... 3 Abrasion of uterus
.
...
1
1
1 ...
. . .
1 May
...
·80
20
June... 17 June
... 6 .25 June
... 7 .00 J u n e . .
2 Ulcer . of uterus ... ...
2
2
2 ... ...
2 June ... 1 .56
Total
July
... 16
J u l y . . . 5 00 July
... 6. 50 July
... 5 Condyloma ...
. . .
1
1
1 ...
. . .
1 July
. . .
1·09
Number who re
moved their
names from the
register, died or
absconded dur
ing the year
1876
...
August. ... 16 August ... 5 .00 August ... 7 .40 August ... 7
August ... 1·67
September... 16 September.. 5·50 September ... 6 .50. September.. 5
September.. 2·50
4
October .. 16 October ... 6 . 25 October ... 6·25 October ... 7
October ... 1·60
November... 16 November. ... 4.60 November...
8 · 0 0
November... 8
November... 1 70
Number remain
ing on 31st. De
cember 1875 ... 16
December. ... 16 December. ... 6 .00 December.... 8 .75 December....
2
December...
·61
Total ... 20 Average for
the year.
16 Average for
the year.
5·69 Total for the
year.
83·75 Total for the
year.
56
Total ...
1 56 57 57 ... ...
57 Average for
the year.
1·41
Annual Statement No. III. of the Lock Hospital at Sitabaldi for the year 1876.
Dated 1st January 1877.
2
3
4
Receipts.
Expenditure.
How paid.
Month.
R e g i s t r a t i o n f e e s f r o m P r o s t i t u t e s .
F i n e s l e v i e d u n d e r t h e r u l e s .
T o t a l r e c e i p t s .
P a y o f M e d i c a l O f f i c e r s .
P a y o f E s t a b l i s h m e n t .
A l l o t h e r e x p e n s e s .
T o t a l e x p e n s e s .
B y G o v e r n m e n t .
F r o m C a n t o n m e n t F u n d .
o t h e r s o u r c e s .
T o t a l .
Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p.
R s . a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. I . Rs. a. p . Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p.
January ...
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50 0 0 66 3 2 59 10 0
175 13 2
175 13 2 ... ... ... ... .. ...
175 13 2
February ...
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50 0 0 66 0 10 58 1 4 0
174 1 4 10
174 14 10
. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 174 14 10
March
..
. . .
... . . . ... . . .
...
... . . .
... 50 0 0 66 3 2 59 9 0
175 1 2 2
175 12 2
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 175 12 2
April
... ... ... . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50 0 0 65 12 0 60 6 0
176 1 0
176 1 0 . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 176 2 0
. . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50 0 0 66 3 2 57 2 0
173 5 2
173 5 2
5 2
May
..,
. . . . . .
... ...
... ... . . . 173
June
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
. . . . . . 50 0 0 66 2 0 60 5 0
176 7 0
. . . . . . . . .
176 7 0
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
July
... .. ... ,.. ... ... ... ... ... ... 50 0 0 66 3 2 58 5 0 174 8 2
174 8 2
174 8 2
. . .
...... ...
. . .
. . .
August ...
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50 0 0 66 3 2 60 12 0
176 1 5 2
176 1 5 2
176 15 2
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
September ...
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50 0 0 66 2 0 63 11 0
179 13 0
1 7 6 1 3 0
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 179 13 0
October ...
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50 0 0 66 10 9 61 13 0
178 7 9
1 7 8
7 9
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 178 7 9
November
..
. . .
... ... ... ... ...
. . .
...
. . . 50 0 0 66 9 4 61 9 0
178 2 4
178 2 4
178 2 4
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
D e c e m b e r . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 50 0 0 66 3 2 56 0 0
172 3 2
172 3 2
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 172 3 2
. . .
T o t a l . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . . . . .
. . .
. . . . . .
600 0 0 794 7 11 718 0 0 2,112 7 1 1 2,112 7 11 ... . . . . . . ...
. . .
... 2,112 7 1 1
8
Statement showing the extent of various forms of venereal diseases among the European Troops in the Cantonment of Sitabaldi, during the year 1876.
Dated 1st January 1877.
Regiment.
Period of occupation
Average strength during
the period of occupation.
Number of admissions from venereal diseases during the
period of occupation.
Ratio of admissions per 1,000 of strength
.
Primary Syphilis
. . . . . .
3
Secondary
„
...
...
2
Gonorrhœa
... ...
7
Detachment of Her
Majesty's 33rd Regi-
ment.
The whole year.
48·23
Total ...
12 248,807
Deduct :—
Cases contracted at other place
...
7
Balance number of cases contracted at
Nagpur
. .. ...
3
9
REPORT ON THE LOCK HOSPITAL, KAMPTEE, 1876.
F r o m
Lieut.-Colonel F. L. Playfair, Cantonment Magistrate, Kamptee, to the ,Secre-
tary to the Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces, Nagpur,—No. 245, dated
Kamptee, the 19th February 1877.
In forwarding the report on the Lock Hospital for the year 1876, I have
the honor to remark that the information obtained by this office regarding the
working of the system having been communicated to the Medical officer in
'charge of the Hospital, and embodied in the report, must necessarily leave little
to be said further regarding the subject. The event of the Lall bazaar having
been swept away by the inundation in September appears to prove that clan
- destine prostitution does not exist to the extent it is thought it does; otherwise
o ther women than those registered would have taken advantage, and an increase
of disease would be looked for during the subsequent months, which does not
appear from the memo. marked A. The registered. women were found in the
ma idans and other places, but no other women were caught by the Police, who
were ordered to keep a strict look-out. After the raid made amongst the bazaar
people last year, greater watchfulness is kept by others than those registered,
makes it difficult for the Police to prove cases. When the number of
soldiers is considered, and the effect which even one diseased woman may cause,
I do not think, on an average, the number is otherwise than might be expected.
* Unable to attend owing to inundation ... . . . 21
Fined
...
...
... 32
Imprisoned
...... . . .
1
Married
...
...
....
5
S i c k . . . . . . . . . 2
Leave
...
...
...
1
Struck off previous to report
...
...
1
Left station
...
. . . . . .
29
92
The account of the 92
women reported absent
from examination is given
in the margin.*
The number of men (natives) reported to have been diseased by the regis-
t e r e d w o m e n w a s 2 2 , o f w h o m , o n e x a m i n a t i o n a t t h e C i v i l d i s p e n s a r y , 9 w e r e
found diseased, 10 were free from it, and 3 refused to be examined, declaring
there was nothing the matter with them. 15 women left the station during the
y e a r , p r i n c i p a l l y t h e y s a i d o w i n g t o b e d e t a i n e d f o r L e u c o r r h œ a , f o r w h i c h , a s a
rule, they formerly were not detained in Hospital.
On account of' the poverty of some of the women, selected by the Medical
o fficer and as a reward for regular attendance, the Sub-Committee recommended
payment to them of Rs. 42, from the Prostitutes' fund, which was sanctioned
by the Cantonment Committee.
5477 G 160 100