NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
101
PART I.—IMPERIAL REPORT.
B.—REVENUE SECTION.
VI.—GENERAL.
Cost of
the
Department.
523. The cost of the Civil Veterinary Department debited to India
Estimates during 1896-97, as shown by Table XXI, page lxxvi, amounts to
Rs. 5,86,364-11-8. Of this, the sum of Rs. 4,93,418-15-7 has been accounted for
by the Comptroller of India Treasuries, and the balance, Rs. 92,945-12.1, by
the several Accountants-General, representing the pay and travelling allowances
of the Provincial Superintendents of this Department. This is the first year
in which the latter charges have been incorporated in the accounts rendered by
the Comptroller of India Treasuries, which, no doubt, is the proper thing to
do, as the pay and travelling allowances of the several Provincial Superintend-
ents of this Department being debitable to India Estimates, should always
have been included in Table XXI.
The cost of the Department during 1895-96 amounted to Rs. 4,31,229 8-2,
against Rs. 5,86,364-11-8 in 1896-97. The increase of Rs. 1,55,135-3-6 may
be accounted for as follows: As shown above, Rs. 92,945-12-1 is on
account of pay and travelling allowances of Provincial Superintendents, which
were never shown in former years under Table XXI. The remaining
Rs. 62,189-7-5 is fully accounted for by increase in the pay and travelling
allowances of the officers on the Imperial list of the Department; the purchase
of a larger number of stallions in India; (this, however, has been more than
met by the reduction in the number of stallions imported from England), and
the increase of over Rs.37,000 in the feed and keep of stallions, due to high
prices of grain, etc.
The prices paid for imported horse and donkey stallions during the year
under review, are as shown below:—
Price of 24 horses imported from England
.
at 1s. 1½d. per rupee .
.
.
.
.
Price of 24 Italian donkey stallions at £82 each.
Price of 9 Catalonian (Spanish) at £85 each
.
Price of 10 Cyprians at £27 each
TOTAL
at 1s. 1½d. per rupee .
.
.
.
.
£
6,247
.
1,968
765
270
3,003
.
s.
15
.
0
0
0
0
.
d.
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
R
1,11,071
. 58,386
. 1,64,457
a.
1
10
12
P.
9
8
5
TOURS OF IMPERIAL OFFICERS.
524. I was on tour :—
Inspector-Gene,
ral, Civil Veteri-
nary
Depart-
ment.
From
„
„
„
1st April 1896
30th June „
17th July
„
23rd Oct.
„
to 5th May 1896.
to 9th July „
to 23rd July „
to 31st Mar. 1897.
making a total of 211 days; during which time, I travelled 1,105 miles by road
and 19,949 miles by rail.
525. In April 1896, I visited Murree and had an interview with the Deputy
Adjutant General, Punjab Command, on the subject of the appointment of
officers to serve on the Special Judging Committees. I then attended the
Amritsar (Bysakhi) Fair, from whence I proceeded to Cawnpore, where I had
an opportunity of visiting the Experimental Farm, where I saw various crosses
of the Khosi breed of cattle. I was much interested in the experiments which
are carried on with fodder crops at this Farm. I then proceeded to Muktesar
in the Naini Tal District, in order to inspect the Bacteriological Laboratory
which was reported not to be in a satisfactory state. I made a close inspection
104
Personnel of
the Department.
544. During the year under review, certain changes have taken place;
the following will show the resignations and appointments which have
occurred:—
Appointments.
Inspector-General, Civil
Veterinary
Department.
Assistant to Inspector General, Civil
Veterinary Departmeut.
Imperial Bacteriologist
Clinical Assistant to Imperial Bacteriolo-
gist.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, North-Western Provinces and
Oudh.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, North Punjab.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, South Punjab.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Baluchistan.
Principal, Veterinary College, Lahore .
Professor, Veterinary College, Lahore .
Principal, Veterinary College, Bombay .
Assistant Principal, Veterinary College,
Bombay.
Principal, Veterinary School, Ajmere .
Superintendent, Civil Veteriuary Depart-
ment, Bengal.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bombay.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Madras.
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Burma.
1st Furlough Officer .
.
.
.
2nd Furlough Officer .
.
.
.
1st April 1896.
Veterinary
Colonel
Queripel.
Veterinary Captain
Pease.
Dr. Lingard . .
Mr. Bamber . .
Veterinary Lieutenant
Loughlin.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Turnbull.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Larnder.
Veterinary Captain
Maxwell.
Veterinary
Captain
Nunn.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Martin.
Veterinary
Major
Mills.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Baldrey.
Veterinary Captain
Hagger.
Veterinary Captain
Gunn.
Veterinary Captain
Morgan.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Clarke.
Veterinary Captain
Evans.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Trydell.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Harris.
31st March 1897.
Veterinary
Colonel
Queripel.
Veterinary
Captain
Gunn.
Dr. Lingard . .
Mr. Bamber . .
Veterinary Captain
Ringe.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Turnbull.
Veterinary
Captain
Joslen.
Veterinary
Captain
Maxwell.
Veterinary Captain
Pease.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Sullivan.
Veterinary
Major
Mills.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Baldrey.
Veterinary Captain
Hagger.
Veterinary
Captain
Raymond.
Veterinary
Captain
Morgau.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Clarke.
Veterinary
Captain
Evans.
Veterinary Lieutenant
Trydell.
Vacant .
.
.
Remarks.
Took charge on 16th
October 1896.
...
Appointed
24th
March 1897.
Appointed 15th July
1896.
Transferred
2nd
October 1896.
Appointed 1st August
1896.
...
...
...
...
...
...
545. It will be seen that the following officers have resigned:—
Veterinary Captain Nunn.
Veterinary Lieutenant Laruder.
„
„
„
„
„
„
Loughlin.
Martin.
Harris.
Veterinary Captain Nunn's name is included in the above list, as although
he never joined the Department, still he held one of its appointments, viz., that
of Principal, Lahore Veterinary College. This Institution also lost its Assistant
Principal in Veterinary Lieutenant Martin, and would have suffered materially
had we not been able to make the services of Veterinary Captain Pease and
Veterinary Lieutenant Sullivan available. In both these officers we have Pro-
fessors who have been connected with the College on former occasions, and in
Veterinary Captain Pease we have so good a linguist and one so thoroughly
115
that at first it may be viewed with suspicion in a Native State, as it was in
British territory when first started. I am quite satisfied with the results as a
commencement, and as the Resident has urged the Durbar to take steps to
make the stallions more useful, I anticipate better results next year.
618. I have already alluded to this State in the review of Horse Fairs and Ulwar.
Shows, and there it was stated that:—
713 animals were present;
79 remounts were bought.
The institution of this show is of great value.
I have on former occasions alluded to Ulwar as being in the front rank of
horse-breeding, and it has undoubtedly maintained its high reputation during
the year.
619. This State maintains 25 stallions, of which 3 did not cover during the
year under review, and 10 were transferred from the Stud to the Rissalas: these
stallions covered the following numbers of mares—
Stud mares . .
Rissala . .
Jagir . . .
Zemindari
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
TOTAL
. 230
. 152
.
98
.
29
—
. 509
As far as can be ascertained, 302 foals were produced from the 569 mares
covered in 1895-96. This is a most satisfactory percentage.
620. I visited Ulwar on two occasions during the year, in order to afford
any help or advice possible. On the first occasion, I confined my attention to
the actual stud, than which nothing could be succeeding better. At the
beginning of the year, 148 mares were employed, 20 have been transferred to
the Local Rissalas, and more are being purchased; these are selected at Fairs,
and the Ulwar Stud in this way always has a sound foundation to commence
on, as these mares have one and sometimes two strains of English or Arab
blood. When I inspected the mares, I was struck with the large number that
were in foal.
621. But it was in the paddocks that I saw the greatest improvement;
here the young stock is beginning to show quality and power combined, and
many will make valuable remounts for Imperial Service Troops.
622. The mules already numbering 12, which is very satisfactory consider-
ing the short time since the system has been started, will be a valuable
addition to the transport.
623. I shall hereafter speak of the Rissalas, but I might mention the fact
that any foals dropped by the mares belonging to these, are turned into the
paddocks if considered likely to prove of any value. It was on this inspection
that I noticed that the young stock received from the Rissalas was not equal to
the requirements of the State. I therefore proposed to the Political Agent
that we should hold an inspection of the stallions and mares later in the year,
but before alluding to this, I would state that this stud was inspected by His
Excellency the Viceroy, who, through the Military Secretary, was pleased to
record his appreciation of the excellent arrangements and the practical nature
of the work. At the time of his inspection, the following young stock were in
the paddocks:—
1 year old
2 years old
3 ditto
4 ditto
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
TOTAL
Colts.
. 15
. 29
. 26
. 38
. 108
Fillies.
16
10
28
52
110
Mules.
3
8
1
...
12
124
(2) Breeding from Kashmiri mares, and buying the young stock at 6
months old and running them.
(3) Breeding from Kashmiri mares, and allowing owners to run young
stock to 3 years old, then buying them and keeping them till 4
years of age.
682. Kashmir promises well as far as mule-breeding is concerned; in fact,
I feel convinced that, if only it once obtains a footing there, it will give us a
vast supply of baggage mules.
683. Colonel Anderson is very anxious that I should see the operations, in
order to advise with him as to any measures that are likely to prove beneficial
to the industry, and if time will allow, I purpose visiting this State for a short
time during the year.
684. To summarize the work done in Native States receiving advice or
support from this Department, I give the following resumé, showing the
number of mares covered by horse and donkey stallions :—
State.
Faridkot . . .
Patiala . . .
Bahawalpore . .
Kapurthala . .
Jhind
. . .
Ulwar . . .
Jeypore . . .
Bhurtpore .
. .
Kashmir
.
.
Mysore . . .
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
TOTAL
Number of
mares covered by
horse stallions.
.
160
.
151
.
205
.
325
.
100
.
509
. 25
. 111
. ...
. ...
1,586
Number of
mares covered by
donkey stallious.
88
58
110
319
13
30
...
25
60
16
719
685. When we consider that nearly 1,600 mares have been covered by
approved horse stallions, and 719 by donkey stallions, it will at once be seen
that the interest taken by the abovementioned States must add greatly to the
horse supply of India, as well as adding to the transport required for their
own Imperial Service Troops.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1896-97.
PART II.—PROVINCIAL REPORT.
I.--HORSE BREEDING.
127
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1896-97.
PART II.—PROVINCIAL REPORT.
I.—HORSE BREEDING.
Horse and pony
stallions
be-
longing to Dis-
trict
Boards,
etc.
686. Table A (page lxxxi) will shew the number of district horse and
pony stallions at the commencement of the year, the increase and decrease
during the year, and the balance remaining on 31st March 1897.
687. The number employed on 1st April 1896 was 160, thirty (30) were
added, and 20 were struck off, showing a balance on 31st March 1897 of 170
stallions.
688. The increase is most satisfactory, when we consider the strain which
has been imposed on the District Board funds during the year; in fact, I can-
not speak too highly of the magnanimous manner in which District Boards
are aiding the efforts of Government to foster horse-breeding.
Casualties.
689. The death rate, as shown in Table B (page lxxxii) is again satisfac-
tory. Only four ponies died and two were destroyed.
Sales.
690. Table C (page lxxxiii) will show that only three horses and ponies
were sold.
Demand for Dis-
trict
Board,
stallions.
691. The demand for District Board stallions continues unabated and
many more could be employed; still the past year was certainly not one in
which it was to be expected that any progress in this direction would be made,
rather was it to be expected that the returns would show a great falling-off;
still I am glad to be able to report that, notwithstanding the great drain on
the financial resources of the North-Western Provinces Government, and of
District Boards in the Punjab, the full numbers have been maintained.
On this point, the Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North-
Western Provinces and Oudh, states :—
"On 31st March 1896, thirty-four applications for Provincial stallions remained uncomplied with, 13 appli-
cations were received during the year; thus there were 47 applicants' names on the Register, and 13 of these
were complied with. Thus 34 applications were uncomplied with at the end of the year."
692. I would, of course, have been glad to see more ponies furnished for
breeding purposes, but the amount annually allotted for the purchase of Prov-
incial ponies had to be withdrawn owing to the fact that funds were urgently
required for more important matters.
The Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North-Western Prov-
inces and Oudb, proceeds to state:—
"The
Arab ponies are very popular with the zemindars, as they consider them very sure foal-getters, and
there has consequently been a great demand for their services. This is borne out by the fact that some of the
129
699. Taking the three large Circles in which horse and pony breeding is
aided by District Boards, we find the following results during the past two
years:—
North-Western Provinces . . . .
North Punjab . . . . . .
South Punjab . . . . . .
1895-96.
2,465
1,676
3,470
7,611
1896-97.
2,415
1,899
3,293
7,607
The average covered, per stallion employed, was as follows:—
North-Western Provinces . . . . . .
North Punjab . . . . . . .
South Punjab . . . . . . .
1895-96.
51.35
57.79
59.82
1896-97.
44.7
57.54
49.89
A reduction in the number of mares covered per stallion employed is
noticeable in the North-Western Provinces and South Punjab, but I am
glad to see this, as to maintain the high percentage reached last year, some of
the District Board stallions were undoubtedly overworked.
I feel that it is needless to allude to horse or pony breeding as carried on
in the Central Provinces, etc., as these operations are on a very trifling scale.
Cost of feed and
keep and how
defrayed.
700. The average cost of feed and keep of district horse and pony stallions
during 1896-97 was as follows (Table E, page lxxxix):—
North-Western Provinces and Oudh .
North Punjab . . . . .
South Punjab . . . . .
Central Provinces . . . .
Burma . . . . .
Horse.
Rs.
274
287
311
318
A.
15
1
10
12
...
P.
6
3
5
4
Pony.
Rs.
226
290
278
...
394
A.
8
10
2
0
P.
5
1
1
0
The increase in cost of maintenance is, taking an average, between Rs. 60
and 70 per horse or pony employed. This was only to be expected, but still
it is a matter for great regret, as the strain on some of the District Board funds
was great.
In the North-Western Provinces the cost is defrayed from Provincial
funds, in the Punjab it is met by District Boards.
Produce.
701. In considering horse and pony breeding by means of Provincial and
District Board Agency, we need only allude to the North-Western Provinces and
the Punjab, as these Provinces only maintain any large numbers.
702. The following statement will show the number of foals dropped
during the past two years (vide Table D., page lxxxiv):—
North-Western Provinces . . . .
North Punjab
.
.
.
.
. .
South Punjab
.
.
.
.
.
.
1895-96.
704
309
827
1,840
1896-97.
803
516
818
2,137
Average
per
stallion
employed.
16.7
17.79
14.10
This shows better working than has hitherto been arrived at. Two hundred
and ninety-seven more foals were dropped this year than last, and still results
are not known in 1,133 cases.
PART II.—PROVINCIAL REPORT.
III.—CATTLE DISEASE—INVESTIGATION AND PREVENTION.
141
Statement of Cattle Mortality in Belldry District from January 1895 to July 1896,
Adoni
.
.
.
.
.
Alur
. . . . .
Bellary
.
.
. . .
Rayadrug
.
.
.
.
.
Hospet
.
.
.
.
.
.
Kudligi
.
.
.
.
.
Hadagally
.
.
.
. .
Harpanhelly
.
.
.
. .
TOTAL .
TOTAL DEATHS FROM DISEASES DURING
January
1895.
39
11
16
31
36
9
38
4
184
February
1895.
30
12
46
21
49
23
60
17
258
March
l895.
75
18
28
21
7
56
62
101
368
April
1885.
61
17
30
58
28
12
78
36
320
May
1895.
85
27
52
28
48
37
97
80
474
June
1895.
104
38
47
51
115
128
156
81
720
July
1895.
82
60
96
37
223
102
155
191
946
August
1895.
130
37
61
32
119
49
118
186
732
September
1895.
80
49
41
42
93
101
135
59
600
October
1895.
114
60
66
33
256
87
313
106
1,035
November
1895.
84
23
62
40
274
460
348
107
1,398
December
1895.
38
18
34
16
105
542
215
103
1,071
January
1896.
37
25
53
169
252
410
191
99
1,236
February
1896.
66
47
219
226
264
416
481
137
1,856
March
1896.
126
158
641
200
298
337
637
246
2,643
April
1896.
213
273
494
65
192
488
975
180
2,880
May
1890.
303
486
523
172
281
226
489
68
2,548
June
1896.
245
586
330
196
109
202
187
32
1,887
July
1896.
256
502
113
93
206
348
117
10
1,643
3
142
Statement showing the deaths in each Taluka of the Bellary District during the years 1894,
1895, 1896.
Names of Talukas.
Hadagally
.
.
.
. . . .
Kudligi
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
Hospet
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Harpanhelly
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
Bellary
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Adoni
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Alur
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Raedoong
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
1894.
160
42
42
42
12
12
12
229
1895.
1,046
1,553
1,141
759
94
98
1
46
1896.
2,687
2,056
727
622
1,515
468
1,068
450
Statement showing districts in the Madras Presidency which were visited by Rinderpest during
the year 1896-97.
Serial No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
District.
North Arcot .
.
.
.
.
South Arcot .
.
.
.
.
Bellary
.
.
.
.
.
Coimbatore .
.
.
.
.
Chingliput . . . . .
Nellore . . . . .
Salem .
.
.
.
.
.
TOTAL
No. of
deaths.
796
92
8,351
18
1,961
418
43
18,679
Rinderpest in
Gilgit and Kash-
mir.
The Officiating British Agent in Gilgit reported in December 1896 the
prevalence of Rinderpest in the Gilgit District. The disease appears to have
been communicated from the Chitral side, as many animals are said to have
died at Gakuch and Singal at the end of November last.
The mortality was reported as slight; this, however, was due to the fact
that zemindars did their best to conceal the existence of the disease.
Vigorous measures were taken to check the spread of the disease by isola-
tion of suspected cases and by the immediate destruction of all diseased animals.
The British Agent also arranged to prevent cattle passing any of the bridges
within the limits of Gilgit jurisdiction, and in that way he stated that he hoped
to keep the disease out of Kashmir and the Punjab.
Early in January 1897, the disease was reported to be abating in Gilgit,
but fresh cases were reported in Bunji. The Resident of Kashmir sanctioned
the establishment of a levy post on the right bank of the Indus to prevent the
passage of diseased cattle.
At the end of January, the disease was reported to be on the decrease in
the district. It had not touched the villages above those in the main valleys,
and the prohibition against cattle passing the main bridges of the district appar-
ently localised the disease.
144
hours. I only saw one animal dead of this disease, the post mortem examina-
tion of which will be found in the report on the Amritsar District. Following
is a statement of the number of deaths caused by the disease in the Punjab.
Dera Ishmael Khan appears to have had serious losses, viz. 3,252, while none of
the other districts show more than a few hundred. In Amritsar 542 deaths are
reported to have occurred. In Jhang 438 animals died in the Chinot Tehsil,
Jallandhar had 245 cases, and Jhelum had 193. The others had less than a
hundred.
Statement showing Anthrax including malignant sore throat and Black-quarter in the
Punjab.
District.
Amritsar
.
.
.
.
Delhi
Ferozepore .
.
.
.
Jallandhar .
.
.
.
Gurgaon
.
.
.
.
Gurdaspur . . . .
Hoshiarpur .
.
.
.
Hissar
.
.
.
.
Kurnal
.
.
.
.
Kangra
.
.
.
.
Ludhiana .
.
.
.
Mooltan
.
.
.
.
Mozaffargarh
. . .
Dera Ishmael Khan
.
.
Bannu
.
.
.
.
Gujrat
.
.
.
.
Gujranwala .
.
.
.
Hazara
. . . .
Jhelum
. . . .
Lahore
.
.
. .
Peshawar
.
.
. .
Shahpur
.
.
.
.
Sialkote
. . . .
Jhang
. . . .
GRAND TOTAL
ANTHRAX INCLUDING HAMGNANT SORE THROAT AND
BLACK-QUARTER.
Remaining under
treatment.
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
1
13
...
...
...
...
10
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
29
Result unknown.
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
13
...
...
...
3
20
Cured.
20
12
...
27
...
9
6
...
5
3
4
7
...
21
7
32
29
...
25
12
4
20
3
...
246
Incurable.
...
...
...
...
18
38
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
18
...
...
...
...
...
79
Died.
522
63
52
214
84
148
57
12
9
87
88
25
4
3,266
...
11
72
1
150
17
4
8
4
5,333
Total.
542
75
52
241
102
203
63
12
15
103
93
32
4
3,287
17
43
106
1
193
42
8
28
7
438
5,707
REMARKS.
153
Reports have been received from thirty seven out of forty-eight districts,
it is therefore needless to state that the above numbers were only a part of those
which were actually affected and died.
Rinderpest—Was reported from thirty-four districts against twenty-six
last year, and the numbers were 33,191 animals affected against 26,345 last
year. Of these 18,416 died. The number of fatalities last year were 15,087.
The percentage of deaths 55.6 against 57 for last year would show that the
disease has been somewhat less severe this year.
Anthrax.—This disease was reported to have occurred in three villages.
The number of cattle said to have been affected was 248, of these 120 cases
succumbed. This gives a percentage of 48.3 which is somewhat small when
compared with deaths from this disease reported elsewhere.
Madras
741. The arrangements made for carrying on the enquiries required for
the Bacteriological Survey were brought into force during the year, and five
districts were taken up for more particular investigation, though it is not
intended that the enquiries shall be limited to this area when cause for special
enquiries arise elsewhere. In fact two such investigations were in progress
during the year, one regarding a disease called Iduga, found to prevail amongst
the cattle that are sent to graze in the Kolair lake, and another regarding the
very large number of deaths returned from unspecified causes in several districts.
The former enquiry has been closed; the latter is not proceeding as rapidly as
could be desired.
The Stock Inspectors entrusted with the work of the Bacteriological Survey
were, under suggestions issued by the Assistant to the Inspector General, Civil
Veterinary Department, required to visit each village; and to collect and
submit information in a form prescribed for the purpose with their tri-monthly
diaries.
The following statement will show the name of the taluks surveyed by
the Inspectors, and the number of villages in each taluk:—
Name of Inspector.
M. Venkatvamana Sastri . . .
Ditto
.
.
.
.
.
Ditto
.
.
.
.
Ditto
.
.
.
.
.
Moses Abraham
.
.
.
.
R. Kunniah Naidu
.
.
.
.
G. Ramgeah Naidu .
.
.
.
K. Sethu Row
.
.
.
.
.
Ditto . . .
M. Hussein Ali .
.
.
.
Ditto
.
.
.
.
Circle.
Vellore
...
...
...
Salem
Erode
Chittoor
Coimbatore
...
Tiruppatur
Kungayam
Taluk.
Vellore
Wandiwash
Wallijah
Arcot
Salem
Erode
Chentragiri
Satyamangalam
Coimbatore
Hosur
Dharapuram
NUMBER OF
VILLAGES.
In
Taluk.
151
285
252
261
397
210
97
146
260
450
86
Surveyed.
57
24
27
10
138
197
49
40
16
65
83
6