NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
K. C. SEN, S. C. RAY AND S. K. TALAPATRA 273
(b) Food consumption and palatability of treated straw.—During the
period of alkali-treated straw feeding, the total consumption of dry matter
in the ration was higher (Table X) than in period 1. The higher consump-
tion was due to the larger intake of roughage. The results thus show that the
alkali-treated wheat straw was relished by the animals. In European
countries, alkali-treated straw is generally fed wet and, to make it more
palatable, molasses and sugar beet pulp are fed with it. It was, however,
observed and also verified in later experiments that during alkali-treated
straw feeding, the animals were prone to refuse a small portion of the con-
centrate which averaged about 3.5 per cent of the cake intake during the
untreated straw feeding period. This refusal of the concentrate was pre-
sumably due to the excessive amount of energy received by the animals in
period 2.
(c) Characteristics of faecal and urinary excretions during alkali-treated
straw feeding.—The dung of the experimental animals during the treated
straw feeding period was generally more moist than previously as can be seen
from the data on the average moisture content presented in Table IX. In
the same table is shown the average total volume of urinary excretion, which
was definitely lower during the treated straw feeding period.
TABLE IX
Water content in the faecal and urinary excretions
Animals
H 45
.
.
.
.
.
.
H
46
.
.
.
.
.
.
H 48
.
.
.
.
.
.
H 51
.
.
.
.
.
.
Average
.
.
.
.
.
Per cent moisture in
faeces
Untreated
straw fed
80.8
77.1
79.0
78.4
78.8
Treated
straw fed
85.4
88.1
91.1
92.0
89.1
Total urinary excre-
tions
Untreated
straw fed
(c.c.)
2440
3115
3310
4545
3352
Treated
straw fed
(c.c.)
2355
2115
2745
2435
2412
When the total water content of the faeces was calculated, it was found
that the animals were excreting on an average about 1130 c.c. of extra water
per day during the treated straw feeding period. This was, however, largely
compensated for by the lowering of the urinary volume by 940 c.c. per day.
Thus on the whole, the water excretions in periods 1 and 2 were almost
identical.
274
The Nutritive Value of Alkali-treated Cereal Straws
(d) Digestibility and nutritive value of untreated and treated wheat straw.—
The percentage composition of the feeding stuffs and the quantity of each item
consumed are shown in Tables X and XI.
TABLE X
Percentage composition of the feeding stuffs
Per cent dry matter
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crude protein
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ether extract
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crude
fibre
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N-free extract
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ash
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Calcium
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Phosphorus
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Untreated
wheat
straw
90.9
Treated
wheat
straw
92.5
Rape cake
92.9
Per cent composition on dry basis
2.69
0.47
39.43
47.24
10.17
0.20
0.09
1.76
0.35
51.49
37.63
8.77
0.41
0.06
35.55
13.41
7.88
34.93
8.23
0.50
1.00
TABLE XI
Food-consumption (on dry basis)
Animals
Untreated wheat straw
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Rape cake
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Treated wheat straw
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Rape cake . . . . . . .
H 45
gm.
5035
843
5130
829
H 46
gm.
H 48
gm.
Period 1
4181
740
5228
843
Period 2
4260
726
5085
776
H 51
gm.
4279
740
5040
726
The data of the two digestibility trials are detailed in Tables XII and
XIII.
K. C. SEN, S. C. RAY AND S. K. TALAPATRA 275
TABLE XII
Digestibility of wheat straw (untreated) + rape cake
Consumed from :
Straw
.
.
.
.
Cake
.
.
.
.
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Percentage digestion of whole
ration
.
.
.
.
Consumed from :
Straw
.
.
.
.
Cake
.
.
.
.
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Percentage digestion of whole
ration
.
.
.
.
Consumed from :
Straw
.
.
.
.
Cake
.
.
.
.
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Percentage digestion of whole
ration
.
.
.
.
Consumed from :
Straw
.
.
.
.
Cake
.
.
.
.
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Percentage digestion of whole
ration . . . .
Dry
matter
gm.
Organic
matter
gm.
Crude
protein
gm.
Ether
extract
gm.
Crude
fibre
gm.
N-free
extract
gm.
Total
carbohy¬
dratea
gm.
Heifer 45
5035
843
5878
2967
2911
49.5
4523
774
5297
2498
2799
53.0
135.4
299.7
435.1
175.6
259.5
60.0
23.7
113.0
136.7
31.1
105.6
77.3
1985.3
66.4
2051.7
1011.3
1040.4
50.6
2378.6
294.5
2673.1
1280.0
1393.1
52.1
4364
361
4725
2291
2434
51.5
Heifer 46
4181
740
4921
2615
2306
46.9
3765
679
4444
2165
2279
51.3
105.1
263.1
368.2
162.7
205.5
55.8
19.6
99.2
118.8
29.0
89.8
75.6
1648.6
58.1
1706.7
848.5
858.2
50.3
1991.6
258.5
2250.1
1124.8
1125.3
50.0
3640
317
3957
1963
1994
50.0
Heifer 48
5228
843
6071
3088
2983
49.1
4696
774
5470
2570
2900
53.0
140.6
299.7
440.3
190.6
249.7
56.7
24.6
113.0
137.6
36.8
100.8
73.3
2061.5
66.4
2127.9
1012.3
1115.6
52.4
2469.3
294.5
2763.8
1330.3
1433.5
51.9
4531
361
4892
2343
2549
52.0
Heifer 51
4279
740
5019
2361
2658
53.0
3844
679
4523
1984
2539
56.1
115.1
263.1
378.2
167.7
210.5
55.7
20.1
99.2
119.3
29.9
89.4
74.9
1687.1
58.1
1745.2
777.4
967.8
55.5
2021.7
258.4
2280.1
1009.0
1271.1
55.7
3709
317
4026
1786
2240
55.6
276
The Nutritive Value of Alkali-treated Cereal Straws
TABLE XIII
Digestibility of wheat straw (treated) + rape cake
Dry
matter
gm.
Organic
matter
gm.
Crude
protein
gm
Ether
extract
gm.
Crude
fibre
gm.
N-frce
extract
gm.
Total
carbohy-
drates
gm.
Heifer 45
Consumed from:
Straw
.
.
.
.
Cake
.
.
.
.
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from:
Faeces . . . .
Total digested . . .
Percentage digestion of whole
ration
.
.
.
.
5130
829
5959
2289
3670
61.6
4660
761
5421
1823
3598
66.4
90.3
294.7
385.0
174.4
210.6
54.4
17.9
111.2
129.1
34.6
94.5
73.2
2641.4
65.3
2706.7
785.0
1921.7
71.0
1910.2
289.6
2199.8
829
1370.8
62.3
4552
355
4907
1614
3293
67.1
Heifer 46
Consumed from:
Straw
.
.
.
.
Cake
.
.
.
.
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Percentage digestion of whole
ration
.
.
.
.
4260
726
4986
1565
3421
68.1
3894
666
4560
1229
3331
70.3
75.1
258.1
333.2
156.7
176.5
53.0
14.9
97.4
112.3
30.1
82.2
73.2
2197.6
57.2
2254.8
511.2
1743.6
77.3
1606.3
253.6
1859.9
531.0
1328.9
70.9
3804
311
4115
1042
3073
74.7
Heifer 48
Consumed from:
Straw
.
.
.
.
Cake
.
.
.
.
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from:
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Percentage digestion of whole
ration
.
.
.
.
5085
776
5861
1989
3872
66.1
4639
712
5351
1570
3781
70.7
89.5
275.9
365.4
164.4
201.0
55.0
17.8
104.1
121.9
34.6
87.3
71.6
2618.2
67.1
2685.3
674.7
2010.6
75.0
1913.5
271.1
2184.6
696.5
1488.1
68.0
4532
338
4870
1371
3499
72.0
Heifer 51
Consumed from:
Straw
.
.
.
.
Cake
.
.
.
.
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from:
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested
.
.
.
Percentage digestion of whole
ration . . . .
5040
726
5766
1984
3782
65.6
4598
666
5264
1549
3715
70.6
88.7
258.1
346.8
170.1
176.7
50.9
17.6
97.4
115.0
32.5
82.5
71.7
2595.0
57.2
2652.2
555.5
2096.7
79.1
1896.6
253.6
2150.2
790.9
1359.3
63.0
4492
311
4803
1346
3457
72.0
K. C. SEN, S. C. RAY AND S. K. TALAPATRA 277
TABLE XIV
Digestibility coefficient of the whole ration during wheat straw feeding
Animals
H 45 . . . .
H 46 . . . .
H 48 . . . .
H 51 . . . .
Average
H 45 . . . .
H 46 . . . .
H
48 . . . .
H 51 . . . .
Average . .
Dry
matter
49.5
46.9
49.1
53.0
49.6
61.6
68.1
66.1
65.6
65.3
Organic
matter
53.0
51.3
53.0
56.1
53.3
66.4
70.3
70.7
70.6
69.5
crude
protein
Ether
extract
Crude
fibre
(Untreated wheat straw)
60.0
55.8
56.7
55.7
57.0
77.3
75.6
73.3
74.9
75.3
50.6
50.3
52.4
55.5
52.2
(Treated wheat straw)
54.4
53.0
55.0
50.9
53.3
73.2
73.2
71.6
71.7
72.4
71.0
77.3
75.0
79.1
75.6
N-free
extract
52.1
50.0
51.9
55.7
52.4
62.3
70.9
68.0
63.0
66.0
Total
carbohy-
drate
51.5
50.0
52.0
55.6
52.3
67.1
74.7
72.0
72.0
71.4
It is apparent from Table XIV that the alkali treatment of
the straw profoundly altered the digestibility of the ration. The general
improvement in digestibility was reflected in the increased digestion of
organic matter from 53.3 to 69.5 per cent. The constituents of the
organic matter which contributed to the improved digestibility were crude
fibre and N.F.E. The digestibility of these constituents had increased from
52.2 to 75.6 per cent and 52.4 to 66.0 per cent respectively. As the crude
fibre content of the concentrate quota of the ration was negligible, the increased
digestibility of this constituent may be wholly accounted for by the better
digestion of the fibre of the treated straw. The same argument also holds
good in the case of the nitrogen-free extracts. The apparent digestibility
of crude protein seemed to have been slightly depressed during the treated
straw regime.
With the data on digestibility thus obtained, it was possible to calculate
the nutritive value of the straw, both untreated and alkali-treated, by a pro-
cess of elimination. The digestibility coefficients of rape cake, as compiled
by Sen [1938], show the following values : crude protein, 85 ; ether extract,
93 ; total carbohydrates, 68. When the digestible crude protein and ether
extract of the rape cake were eliminated, it was found that the straw, both
untreated and alkali-treated, contained either no, or an insignificant amount
of, digestible protein or ether extract. The nutritive value of the straw, as
such, was confined to the total carbohydrate moiety. In Table XV are set
out separately the total carbohydrates digested from the whole ration, the
rape cake and the straw. The digestibility coefficient of the total carbohy-
drates in straw is shown in Table XVI.
B
278
The Nutritive Value of Alkali-treated Cereal Straws
TABLE XV
Digestible total carbohydrates
Animals
H 45
.
.
.
.
.
.
H
46
.
.
.
.
.
.
H 48
.
.
.
.
.
.
H
51
.
.
.
.
.
.
Period 1
Whole
ration
gm.
2434
1983
2549
2229
Rape
cake
gm.
245
216
245
216
Wheat
straw
gm.
2189
1767
2304
2013
Period 2
Whole
ration
gm.
3293
3073
3499
3457
Rape
cake
gm.
241
211
230
211
Wheat
straw
gm.
3052
2862
3269
3246
TABLE XVI
Digestibility coefficients of total carbohydrates in straws
Animals
H 45 . . . . . .
H 46 . . . . . .
H 48 . . . . . .
H 51. . . . . .
Average .
Period 1
Ingested
gm.
4364
3640
4531
3709
4061
Digested
gm.
2189
1769
2304
2013
2069
Digestibi-
lity coeffi-
cients
50.2
48.7
50.9
54.3
51.0
Period 2
Ingested
gm.
4552
3804
4532
4492
4345
Digested
gm.
3052
2862
3269
3246
3157
Digestibi-
lity coeffi-
cients
67.0
75.3
72.7
72.1
71.8
The data presented in Tables XV and XVI thus show that on. treatment
with dilute alkali, the digestibility coefficient of the total carbohydrates in
straw had increased from 51.0 to 71.8. The consequent improvement in the
starch equivalent value, when calculated by the Kellner's fibre method, shows
that per 100 lb. of dry matter, the S.E. increases from 21.3 lb. in untreated
straw to 34.1 lb. in treated straw, that is the increase in the starch equivalent
of the wheat straw on alkali treatment was 60 per cent.
(e) Nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balances under the feeding conditions
of periods 1 and 2.—Under both regimes of straw feeding, the balances (aver-
age per day) of intake and output of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus have
been worked out. The results are presented in Table XVII.
K. C. SEN, S. C. RAY AND S. K. TALAPATRA 279
TABLE XVII
The balance for nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus
Animals
H 45 .
.
.
.
H 46 . . . .
H 48 . . . .
H 51 . . . .
Average .
H 45 . . . .
H
46 . . . .
H 48 . . . .
H 51 . . . .
Average. .
H 45 .
.
.
.
H
46 . . . .
H 48 . . . .
H 51 . . . .
Average .
H 45 . . . .
H 46 . . . .
H 48 . . . .
H
51 . . . .
Average .
H 45 . . . .
H 46 . . . .
H 48 . . . .
H 51 .
. . .
Average .
H 45 . . . .
H
46 . . . .
H 48 . . . .
H 51 . . . .
Average. .
Intake
gm.
69.6
58.9
70.4
60.5
64 .8
61.5
53.3
58.5
55.5
57.2
14.3
12.1
14.7
12.3
13.4
25.1
22.1
24.7
24.3
24.0
13.0
11.2
13.1
11.3
12.1
11.4
9.9
10.8
10.3
10.6
Output
gm.
Faeces
Urine
Nitrogen (period 1)
28.1
26.0
30.5
26.8
27.8
40.4
31.6
39.3
31.9
35.8
Nitrogen .(period 2)
27.9
25.1
26.3
27.2
26.6
20.8
15.4
18.0
16.1
17.6
Calcium (period. 1)
11.9
10.5
12.6
9.4
11.1
1.8
2.1
2.3
3.0
2.3
Calcium (period 2)
17.4
10.0
14.8
13.4
13.9
2.2
5.0
3.1
3.9
3.5
Phosphorus (period .1)
10.1
9.2
11.1
8.0
9.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
1.6
0.8
Phosphorus (period 2)
8.7
6.4
7.6
7.6
7.5
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
Total
68.5
57.6
69.8
58.7
63.6
48.7
40.5
44.3
43.3
44.2
13.7
12.6
14.9
12.4
13.4
19.6
15.0
17.9
17.3
17.4
10.7
9.7
11.6
9.6
10.4
9.3
7.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
Balance
+1.1
+1.3
+0.6
+1.8
+l.2
+12.8
+12.8
+14.2
+12.2
+13.0
+ 0.6
—0.5
—0.2
—0.1
0.0
+5.5
+7.1
+6.8
+7.0
+6.6
+2.3
+1.5
+1.5
+1.7
+1.7
+2.1
+2.9
+2.7
+2.2
+2.5
B 2
K. C. SEN, S. C. RAY AND S. K. TALAPATRA 281
procedure of the experiment was otherwise exactly similar to that adopted
in the previous experiment with wheat straw.
Results
(a) Body weight.—The data of initial body weight and average body
weights for the individual periods are presented in Table XVIII. The rela-
tively improved gain in body weight was again evident during the period of
treated straw feeding.
TABLE XVIII
Body weight of experimental animals
Animals
H 45 . . . .
H 46 . . . .
H 48 . . . .
H 51 . . . .
Average for all animals .
Initial
weight
lb.
705
596
738
624
666
Average-
weight in
period 3
lb.
716
602
738
628
671
Gain in
weight in
period 3
lb.
11
6
0
4
5
Average
weight in
period 4
lb.
733
636
749
652
693
Gain in
weight in
period 4
lb.
17
34
11
24
22
(b) Food consumption and palatability of treated straw.—The average
daily intake of roughage during periods 3 and 4 is shown in Table XXII. The
data tend to show that in spite of the ad libitum feeding, the consumption
of paddy straw, both treated and untreated, was comparatively lower than
that of the wheat straw. Moreover, unlike the case with wheat straw, a
lower quantity of treated paddy straw than of untreated straw was consumed.
It was, however, observed later on in Experiment 2 that when the amount
of cake given was reduced by about 27 per cent, the consumption of the
treated straw was more than that of the untreated straw, thus showing that
its palatability was not affected by treatment. The concentrate consumption
was again slightly reduced during the feeding trial with treated paddy
straw.
(c) Characteristics of faecal and urinary excretion during alkali-treated
straw feeding.—As before, the dung of the experimental animals was compara-
tively more moist than in period 3 and the urinary volume lower during the
treated straw feeding.
This will be evident from the data presented in
Table XIX.
282
The Nutritive Value of Alkali-treated Cereal Straws
TABLE XIX
Water content in the faecal and urinary excretions
Animals
H.45 . . . . . .
H
46
.
.
.
.
.
.
H
48 . . . . . .
H 51 . . . . . .
Average
Per cent moisture in
facces
Untreated
straw
76.2
75.0
74.1
74.1
74.8
Treated
straw
80.4
78.6
80.0
79.1
79.5
Total urinary excrs-
tions
Untreated
straw
(c.c.)
5645
6330
5700
5155
5708
Treated
straw
(c.c.)
4900
5205
4300
4615
4755
it is noteworthy that the urinary excretion during paddy straw feeding
was significantly higher than the excretion observed during wheat straw
feeding. The higher urinary excretion was true both for treated and
untreated straw. The high excretion of urine during the paddy straw
feeding was observed by Warth [1926], but Carbery et al. [1937] failed to
notice diuresis, when paddy straw constituted the sole feed. The urination,
however, was higher when the straw was supplemented with cake. In the
present investigation, some interesting observations on this aspect are worth
recording :—
The average urinary volume of the animals during wheat and paddy
straw feeding are given in Table XX.
TABLE XX
Urinary volume in
c.c.
.
.
.
Wheat straw
Untreated
3352
Treated
2412
Paddy straw
Untreated
5708
Treated
4755
It is apparent from Table XX that the feeding of paddy straw definitely
increased the volume of urine excreted by the animals.
Before the animals were subjected to this series of straw-feeding experi-
ments, they were receiving a mixed ration consisting of dairy mixture, hay and
some green food. In the winter of 1941, this ration was for the first time
changed in order to make a preliminary study of the effect of feeding paddy
K. C. SEN, S. C. RAY AND S. K. TALAPATRA 283
FIG.1.
The urinary excretion under untreated and alkali treated paddy straw feeding
284
The Nutritive Value of Alkali-treated Cereal Straws
straw, both untreated and treated. The treated straw in this case was pre-
pared by soaking the sample of paddy straw in 0.42 per cent (not 1.25 per
cent) solution of caustic soda for about 24 hours. In order to obtain a com-
parative picture the animals were fed with the untreated and treated straw
for the same number of days. During the latter part of each feeding trial,
voidings were collected for 10 days. The daily average (for all animals)
urinary volumes during these two periods and also that of the urine excreted
during untreated wheat straw feeding (period 1) are represented graphically
in FIG. 1. It is apparent from this that a considerable diuresis was
induced during the untreated paddy straw feeding, the average excretion at
that period being 6540 c.c. This diuresis, however, was markedly lessened
when the same straw was fed after dilute alkali treatment. In fact, the urinary
excretion dropped to almost half the volume. The lower excretion during the
alkali-treated straw feeding compared very well with that observed during
untreated wheat straw feeding. The anti-diuretic effect of the alkali treat-
ment, however, could not be repeated with the paddy straw used in period
4 of the present investigation. The difference in the urinary excretion,
during periods 3 and 4, as can be seen from the data presented in Table XIX,
was not so marked. The contrary effect observed on the urinary excretion
while feeding the two alkali-treated paddy straws is difficult to explain as this
point was not specially studied. There is, however, one possibility. The
alkali-treatment of the first lot of paddy straw was carried out with a weaker
solution (viz. 0.42 per cent) than that of 1.25 per cent caustic soda, and this
treatment may have been more effective in eliminating the factors responsible
for diuresis.
(d) Digestibility and nutritive value of untreated and treated paddy straw.—
The percentage composition of the feeding stuffs and the quantity consumed
of each item are shown in Tables XXI and XXII.
TABLE XXI
Percentage composition of the feeding stuffs
Per cent dry matter
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crude protein
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ether extract . . . . . .
Crude fibre . . . . . .
N-free extract
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ash . . . . . . . .
Calcium (Ca) . . . . . .
Phosphorus (P) . . . . . .
Untreated
paddy
straw
91.4
Treated
paddy
straw
91.2
Mustard
cake
91.3
Per cent composition on dry basis
2.64
1.21
34.79
42.93
18.43
0.29
0.12
2.25
1.08
45.32
36.14
15.21
0.50
0.06
33.13
17.00
8.09
34.02
7.76
0.65
1.21
K. C. SEN, S. C. RAY AND S. K. TALAPATRA 285
TABLE XXII
Food consumption (on dry basis)
Animals
Untreated paddy straw (gm.) . .
Mustard cake (gm.)
.
.
.
.
Treated paddy straw (gm.) . . .
Mustard cake (gm.) . . . .
H 45
H 46
(Period 3)
3915
824
3795
721
(Period 4)
3723
804
3415
716
H 48
3925
824
3753
817
H 51
3896
721
3360
721
The detailed data of the two digestibility trials are given in Tables XXIII
and XXIV.
TABLE XXIII
Digestibility of mustard cake + paddy straw (untreated)
Consumed from :
Paddy straw
.
.
.
Mustard cake . . .
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Per cent digestion of whole
ration.
Consumed from :
Paddy straw
.
.
.
Mustard cake .
.
.
Whole ration
. . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested
.
.
.
Per cent digestion of whole
ration.
Consumed from :
Paddy straw
.
.
.
Mustard cake .
.
.
Whole ration
.
.
.
Voiding from :
Faeces . . . .
Total digested . . .
Per cent digestion of whole
ration.
Consumed from :
Paddy straw . . .
Mustard cake . . .
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Per cent digestion of whole
ration.
Dry
matter
gm.
3915
824
4739
2324
2415
51.0
3795
721
4516
2218
2298
50.9
3925
824
4749
2384
2365
50.0
3896
721
4617
2243
2374
51.4
Organic
matter
gm.
3194
760
3954
1648
2306
58.4
3096
665
3761
1569
2192
58.3
3202
760
3962
1645
2317
58.5
3178
665
3843
1496
2347
61.1
Crude
protein
gm.
103.4
273.0
376.4
159.9
216.5
57.6
100.2
238.9
339.1
159.0
180.1
53.0
103.6
273.0
376.6
163.8
212.8
56.4
102.9
238.9
341.8
163.5
178.3
52.1
Ether
extract
gm.
Heifer 45
47.4
140.1
187.5
53.2
134.3
71.8
Heifer 46
45.9
122.6
168.5
54.6
113.9
67.8
Heifer 48
47.5
140.1
187.6
57.2
130.4
70.0
Heifer 51
47.1
122.6
169.7
49.6
120.1
70.6
Crude
fibre
gm.
1362.0
66.7
1428.7
544.7
884.0
61.1
1320.3
58.3
1378.6
509.0
869.6
63.0
1365.5
66.7
1432.2
533.8
898.4
62.8
1355.4
58.3
1413.7
512.8
900.9
63.7
N-free
extracts
gm.
1680.7
280.3
1961.0
889.7
1071.3
54.6
1629.2
243.3
1872.5
845.9
1026.6
54.9
1685.0
280.3
1965.3
889.7
1075.6
54.9
1672.5
243.3
1915.8
870.5
1045.3
54.5
Total
carbohy-
drates
gm.
3042.7
347.0
3389.7
1434.4
1955.3
57.7
2949.5
301.6
3251.1
1354.9
1896.2
58.3
3050.5
347.0
3397.5
1423.5
1974.0
58.0
3027.9
301.6
3329.5
1383.3
1946.2
58.4
286
The Nutritive Value of Alkali-treated Cereal Straws
TABLE XXIV
Digestibility of mustard cake + paddy straw (treated)
Consumed from :
Paddy straw . . .
Mustard cake . . .
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Per cent digestion of whole
ration.
Consumed from :
Paddy straw . . .
Mustard cake . . .
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Per cent digestion of whole
ration.
Consumed from :
Paddy straw . . .
Mustard cake . . .
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Per cent digestion of whole
ration.
Consumed from :
Paddy srraw . . .
Mustard cake . . .
Whole ration . . .
Voiding from :
Faeces
.
.
.
.
Total digested . . .
Per cent digestion of whole
ration.
Dry
matter
gm.
3723
804
4527
1575
2952
65.2
3415
716
4131
1480
2651
64.2
3753
817
4570
1603
2967 65.0
3360
721
4081
1475
2606
63.6
Organic
matter
gm.
3157 742
3899
1019
2880
74.1
2896
660
3556
950
2606
73.2
3182
754
3936
1020
2916
74.0
2849
665
3514
957
2557
73.0
Crude
protein
gm.
83.8
266.4
350.2
148.7
201.5
57.6
76.8
237.2
314.0
151.6
162.4
51.7
84.4
270.7
355.1
160.3
194. 8
54.9
75.6
238.9
314.5
154.4
160.1 51.0
Ether
extract
gm.
Heifer 45
40.2
136.7
176.9
30.2
140.7
79.5
Heifer 46.
36.9
121.7
158.6
33.9
124.7
78.0
Heifer 48
40.5
138.9
179.4
41.7
137.7
76.5
Heifer 51
36.3
122.6
158.9
39.4
119.5
75.1
Crude
fibre
gm.
1687.2
65.0
1752.2
238.5
1513.7
86.5
1547.7
57.9
1605.6
227.0
1378.6
86.2
1700.8
66.1
1766.9
238.2
1528.7
80.6
1522.8
58.3
1581.1
224.9
1356.2
85.2
N-free
extract
gm.
1345.5
273.5
1619.0
595.7
1023.3
63.2
1236.2
243.6
1477.8
539.5
938.3
63.4
1356.3
278.0
1634.3
583.5
1050.8
64.3
1214.3
243.3
1457.6
537.9
919.7
63.0
Total
carbohy-
drates
gm.
3032.7
338.5
3371.2
834.2
2537.0
75.3
2781.9
301.5
3083.4
766.5
2316.9
74.7
3057.1
344.1
3401.2
821.7
2579.5
75.9
2737.1
301.6
3038.7
762.8
2275.9
74.5
TABLE XXV
Digestibility coefficient of the whole ration under the paddy straw feeding
Animals
H 45 . . . .
H 46
.
.
.
.
H 48 . . . .
H 51 . . . .
Average
H 45
. . . .
H 46
. . . .
H 48 . . . .
H 51
. . . .
Average .
Dry
matter
51.0
53.0
50.0
51.7
51.4
65.2
64.2
65.0
63.6
64.5
Organic
matter
58.4
58.3
58.5
61.1
59.1
74.1
73.2
74.0
73.0
73.6
Crude
protein
Ether
extract
Crude
fibre
(Untreated paddy straw)
57.6
53.0
56.4
52.1
54.8
71.8
67.8
70.0
70.6
70.0
61.1
63.0
62.8
63.7
62.7
(Treated paddy straw)
57.6
51.7
54.9
51.0
53.8
79.5
78.0
76.5
75.1
77.3
86.5
86.2
86.6
85.2
86.1
N-frcc
extract
54.6
54.9
54.9
54.5
54.7
63.2
63.4
64.3
63.0
63.5
Total
carbohy-
drates
57.7
58.3
58.0
58.4
58.1
75.3
74.7
75.9
74.5
75.1