200
Normal Worm Burden of Goats
the work was resumed at the headquarter's laboratory at Lucknow, and during
the period from September 1940 to August 15,1941, 120 goats at the rate of
10 per month were examined. The materials examined were the contents of
the first three stomachs, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum and ileum and the
large intestines including caecum, comprising the alimentary canal; and the
other organs examined were liver including gall-bladder, lungs, pancreas,
heart, kidneys and brain. Mesenteric blood vessels and the peritoneum were
examined for the presence of schistosomes and hydatid cysts, respectively.
Paramphistomes from the first three stomachs were picked up individually,
whether lying free in the ingesta or attached to the mucous linings. For
differential counts of nematode worms they were collected individually, if
present in small numbers, but if found in comparatively larger numbers, the
technique of Taylor [1934] with certain modifications was found most service-
able.
1. CESTODES
Cysticercus tenuicollis, the larva form of Taenia hydatigena (Pallas 1766) of
carnivores, was present in 30 animals, the maximum number being five occurr-
ing in the mesentery of one animal only. Coenurus cerebralis, the larval form
of Multiceps multiceps (Leske 1780) of carnivores, was found in the brain of one
goat only. Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi 1810) occurred in three goats, of which
two had one each and the third contained two specimens. Stilesia hepatica was
found in the liver of one goat only, occurring singly. Stilesia globipunctata
(Rivolta 1874) occurred in 40 goats in the duodenum, a few inches beyond the
pyloric orific, the maximum number being 50, occupying an area of about six
inches of duodenal mucosa. Stilesia vittata (Railliet 1896) occurred in 10
goats, the maximum being 20 encountered in a single goat. The two species
of Stilesia were found deeply embedded by their scolices in the mucosa of the
duodenum which as a consequence had attained a considerable thickness, this
being more marked around the' pits ' revealed after detachment of the worms.
The other cestodes encountered in the small and the large intestines were
the three species of Avitellina. A. centripunctata (Rivolta 1874) occurred in
10, A. lahorea (Woodland 1927) in six and A. sudanea (Woodland 1927) in
four goats, and in case of A. lahorea only in which scolices were available the
maximum of 5 were collected from each of two goats.
2. TREMATODES
Mature paramphistomes encountered in rumen, reticulum and omasum
were collected from 10 goats, the maximum in a goat being about 450 worms in
the rumen. Of these, Paramphistomum cervi (Schrank 1790) was present in all,
the maximum number in which it occurred being about 300 in six of them.
Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Fischoeder 1901) being next in order of frequency,
occurred in 6, the maximum degree of infestation being about 240 observed in
five goats. Gastrothylax crumenifer (Creplin 1847) was recorded from two
goats to the extent of about 50 in each. One of these goats showed mixed
infestation with Cotylophoron cotylophorum.
Immature forms of these paramphistomes occurred in two goats examined
at the Provincial Central Laboratory, Lucknow, in the month of January 1941.