NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
Ind. Jour. of Vety. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. VIII, Pt. I ]
PLATE II
FIG. 1. Section of cornea, showing intense
cosinophile infiltration surrounded by a
zone of fibroblasts × 60
FIG. 2. Section of cornea showing intense
eosinophilia, surrounded by a zone of
fibroblasts × 140
FIG. 3. Section of lachrymal gland showing
fibrous thickening of the stroma and
vessel showing marked endarteritis × 40
FIG. 4. A portion of the wall of a lachrymal dust
showing intense eosinophilia × 140
P. R.
KRISHNA
IYER
9
None of these affected animals had ever shown worms in the eye and
Filaria oculi are rare in the affected area.
Diseases of the eye due to filariasis are not uncommon in cattle in this
country.
Venkataratnam Chetty [1922] describes a form of ulcerative keratitis
which occurred in an epidemic form among the Corporation Depot Bullocks
and the Buckingham Mill draught cattle in Madras in the years 1917, 1918
and 1919. The outbreak in the year 1919 resulted in loss of sight in over
40 per cent of the affected animals. The pathological changes observed
varied from simple ophthalmia to ulcerative keratitis of one or both the
eyes. Examination revealed a few thread like worms each about an inch
long, wriggling about on the cornea and a bunch of them might be seen under
the eyelid. The worms were identified as Thelazia rhodesi. The author
suggests the possibility of their being carried from the eyes from animal to
animal by flies.
Ramaswamy Iyer [1922] records a similar case of infection of the left
eye of a cow with Th. rhodesi. The animal was lachrymating profusely for
about a month and could not open the eye freely. The eye was washed with
saline solution and five worms were removed. As no more worms could be
found, a boric lotion bandage was applied and the animal was allowed to
go. About three weeks later, the same animal was brought to his dispensary
with lachrymation from both eyes. Now the eyes showed moving worms
over the conjunctiva in both eyes, with slight opacity of the left cornea.
Over a dozen worms were removed from both eyes. The author states that
the parasites cause much irritation, severe conjunctivitis and profuse lachry-
mation leading on to opacity of the cornea and impairment of the vision.
Griffiths [1922] states that members of the genus Thelazia have their
normal habitat in the lachrymal ducts of the eye of various species of mammals
and birds and that some fly acts as an intermediate host and transmits the
parasite to fresh mammalian hosts. The author thinks that it is among the
species of Stomoxys, Musca and allied genera that the transmitting agent
may possibly be found, flies of these species being a constant source of annoy-
ance to all domestic animals by their habits in attacking the orbital region.
He adds that the presence of these parasites in the orbit gives rise to ophthalmia
terminating in loss of sight.
We have not as yet been able to identify the worm responsible for
the causation of this condition, and naturally its life-history is unknown.
According to the Helminthologist of this Institute, " From an examination
of the microfilariae and their ' unsheathed ' character, it appears that the
larvae belong to some Onchocercoid worm. Specific identification is not
possible from the microfilariae seen in the sections ".
From the data given by Steward [1935], Shafi Mohammed [1931], Cleland
[1914] and Heydon, [1927] it would appear that Onchocercoid tumours need
not necessarily be found in cases of Onchocercoid infections. The adult
C
10
Verminous Ophthalmia in Equines.
worms may lead a free life in the tissues and deposit their embryos as they
move about.
One of these cases was sent to Mukteswar from Coleyana for observation
and arrived early in July 1936. This animal, Brood mare Epigram born in
1924 had four affections of the eyes, and on arrival she showed a pin-head
sized cataract of the left eye and ulceration of the distal opening of the lachry-
mal duct of the off-nostril. Apart from the cataract, her eyes appeared
normal. This animal was considered a typical case of this condition by the
Coleyana authorities, who thought that she would probably go blind in six
months. Since arrival at Mukteswar about a year ago, this animal has not
shown any signs of relapse, nor has she gone blind as was anticipated. Blood
smears from this animal were examined thrice a week for some months for
the presence of microfilaria, with negative results. It is possible that the
cool Mukteswar climate has prevented a relapse as it is known to do in case
of Lichen tropicus and Bursati.
Regarding diagnosis in life, Fairley [1931] describes a complement fixa-
tion reaction for filarial disease using an alcohol-soluble extract of Dirofilaria
immitis as antigen. The intradermal reaction for Wuchereria bancrofti
described by Taliaferro and Hoffman in 1930 was confirmed by this worker
and extended further to the diagnosis of Loa loa and Onchocerca volvulus
infestations. The author states that both these reactions are essentially
group reactions, the scope of which probably includes all the filaroid species
of the family and discusses in detail the clinical and theoretical aspects of
the combined reactions.
This test is not a very reliable one for use in the diagnosis of an infection
with Onchocerca worms, as it is not specific for this genus. The specific
identity of the worm involved will be discovered only by the finding of the
adult worm by means of post mortem examinations of affected animals.
SUMMARY
Under the name "Periodic Ophthalmia, a disease affecting the eyes
of horses in the Stud Farms at Montgomery and Probynabad in the Punjab
has been known for some years. The disease is of a recurrent nature and
terminates in the affected animals going blind. The disease has no seasonal
incidence as it occurs at all times of the year.
Mechanical irritation by flies and dust, bacteria and dietetic deficiency
were all suspected to be concerned in the causation of this condition and
every one of these individual agents was finally eliminated. Histopatho-
logical examination revealed the verminous origin of the disease and micro-
filariae were found in the sections of the affected eyes and lachrymal glands.
The sections also revealed intense eosinophilia, neutrophile and lymphocytic
infiltration and fibroblastic stimulation.
The disease is comparatively rare in the animals issued to the circles
from these farms. The transmitting agent of this condition, when it is found
P.
R.
KRISHNA
IYER
11
may possibly be one of the biting flies as there is concentration of stock in
these stud farms, and this naturally leads to a concentration of flies.
From an examination of the microfilariae and their ' unsheathed'
character, the larvae appear to belong to some Onchocercoid worm. Specific
identification was not possible from the microfilariae seen in the sections
and only post mortem examinations will solve the question of the identity
of the adult worm, when found.
Treatment with antimosan and other antimony preparations appear
to have an inhibitory effect on the progress of the disease.
REFERENCES
Abdel Shafi Mohammed (1931). Annals of Trop. Med. & Parasit. 25. 215.
Cleland (1914). Cited by Abdel Shafi Mohammed.
Fairley, N. H. (1931). Serological and intradermal tests in Filariasis. Trans. Roy. Soc.
Trop. Med. & Hyg. 24, 635.
Griffiths, J. A. (1922). Thelazia as the cause of Ophthalmia in Cattle in Africa. Vet.
J. 78, 471.
Heydon (1927). Austr. J. Expptl. Biol. & Med. Sc. 4, 61.
Ramaswamy Iyer, P. V. (1922). Thelazia rhodesi in Cattle. Mad. Vet. J. 15, 16.
Steward, J. S. (1935). Fistulous withers and Poll-evil. Equine and Bovine Onchocer-
ciasis compared with an account of the life-histories of the parasites concerned.
Vet. Rec. 15, l563.
Taliaferro, W. A. and Hoffman, W. A. (1930). Skin reaction to Dirofilaria immitis in
persons affected with W. bancrofti. J. Prev. Med. 4, 261.
Venkataratnam Chetty (1922). Ulcerative keratitis in Bovines caused by Thelazia rho-
desi. Mad. Vet. J.14, 13.
SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE CAROTENE CONTENT OF
GRASSES AND CONCENTRATES AND THE FEEDING
OF GUINEA GRASS TO DAIRY COWS
BY
J. K. MAKHIJANI
Post-graduate student
Imperial Dairy Institute, Bangalore
AND
B. N. BANERJEE
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
(Received for publication on 28th May, 1937)
NUTRITIONAL trials have been performed to increase the vitamin and
carotene content in milk and butter-fat of dairy cows. In Western countries
a marked difference in carotene and vitamin A content in milk has been
observed in pasture-fed as compared with stall-fed cows, and in summer
and winter seasons. In India such data are not available, and except in big
towns the cattle are mostly pasture fed. Vitamin A determination with milk
and butter of cows of the Imperial Institute of Dairying, Bangalore, extend-
ing over one year revealed the potency to be nearly constant. However,
the food and feeding conditions at the Imperial Dairy are almost ideal and
the case is nearly the reverse with the farmer or the Indian goala. Poor
as they are, they cannot afford to spare money for feeding their milch cattle
except with the grasses of forests and waste lands and the remnants of by-
products of crops.
The estimation of the carotene content of grasses and fodders, never-
theless, is as important as the organic or inorganic analysis of the same. In
course of an analytical study of over one hundred and fifty species of grasses
in Hawaii and other places, it has been observed that the analysis of a. grass
is of little value unless the stage of maturity at which it was cut was pro-
perly taken into account [Ripperton et al 1933]. Protein is highest in im-
mature plants and crude fibre is higher in maturer ones. Watson [1935]
carried out experiments on the conservation of grassland herbage and mea-
sured the losses in nutritive value during hay-making. The losses in starch
and protein equivalents are serious and of about the same order. Early
hay dried at a low temperature, or ensiled with acid (A. I. V. process) or
molasses provided a satisfactory method of storing grassland herbage. A
wide range of material containing from 10 to 20 per cent of crude protein
( 13 )
J. K. MAKHIJANI AND B. N.
BANERJEE
15
in judging the correct stage of maturity at which grasses are to be cut and
dried or stored in silo. With the co-operation and help of the Imperial Dairy
Institute and different Farm officers a number of grasses and fodders have
been obtained and their carotene content determined. They represent the
stage at which they are fed to the cattle. The results * are given in Table I.
TABLE I
Grasses and fodders
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Name
Guinea
Grass
I
(Panicum
maxi-
mum).
Sudan Grass [Holcus
Sorghum sudanensis
(Piper) Hitch].
Rhodes Grass (Chloris
Gayana.).
Napier Grass (Penni-
setum purpureum).
Guinea Grass II
(Panicum
maxi-
mum).
Lucorne (Medicago
saliva).
Jowar (Andropogon
Sorghum).
Paspalam (Paspalum
dilalatum)
Italian
Blue
Grass.
Mautitius (Panicum
muticum).
H. U. B. . .
Place
Bangalore
Dairy Farm.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
50
58
30
18
48
168
40
260
100
100
Remarks
Mature green stage cut from the
farm just as they are fed to
the cattle.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ripe mature stage when they
are cut for the silo or daily
feed.
This grass is very much liked by
the dairy cattle. The colour
of the butter from this feed is
also deep yellow in tint.
Ditto
Ditto
* The feeding quality of the fodders depends to a great extent on the stage of
maturity at which the crop is cut. As this information is not available in some cases
one will have to be careful before using the carotene data, as given by authors, for cal-
culating the Vitamin A potency of these samples.—Ed.
16
Carotene Content of Grasses
TABLE I—contd.
Grasses and fodders
No.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Name
Silo (Panicum maxi-
mum).
Ragi (Eleusine cora-
cana).
Bajri (local) (Pennise-
tum typhoideum.).
Bajri
(African
variety) (Pennise-
tum typhoideum).
Maize
(American)
(Zea Mays).
Kulthi (Horse (Gram)
(Dolichos biflorus).
Reana luxurians .
Shevari . . .
Elephant
Grass
(Pennisetum
pur-
pureum).
Gordura
Grass
(Brazilan. variety)
(Melinis
minuti¬
flora).
Garag way Grass
(Brazilian variety).
Place
Bangalore
Dairy Farm.
Cattle Breed-
ing
Farm,
Bankapur,
Dharwar.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
4
96
48
42
40
140
54
158
70
88
126
Remarks
Sample taken from the daily
feed.
Flowering stage. Two months,
3 weeks old. Height when cut
2 to 1 ft.
Grains were forming.
Two
months 3 weeks duration.
Height when cut 4 to 8 ft.
Height when cut 3 to 7 ft.
Grains were forming 2 months
3 weeks old.
Ripening stage. Height when
cut 3 to 5 ft. Two months 3
weeks old.
Flowering stage.
Two months
old. Height 1 to 1½ ft.
Grains developing.
Three
months 3 weeks old.
Height
3 to 8 ft.
Height when cut for sample was
2 ft. and is the second cutting
one month after the first
cutting done 3 months after
sowing.
Height when cut for sampling
was 6 in. to 1 ft. 6 in. Planted
5 months before and cut 4.
times.
Plants were 4 months old, and
the samples are from the
second cutting: 1st cutting
was done 3 months after sow-
ing. Height 1 ft. only.
Plants were 4 months old, and
samples were from the 2nd
cutting, one month after the
1st cutting. Height 2 ft. only.
J. K. MAKHIJANI AND B. N.
BANERJEE
17
TABLE I—contd.
Grasses and fodders
No.
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Name
Methi
(Trigonlla
foenum -graecum).
Elephant
Grass
(Pennisetum
pur-
pureum).
Soya bean (green
fodder)
(Glycine
Soja).
Maize (green fodder)
(Zea Mays).
Cow Pea (Vigna
Catjang).
Peas (Pisum arvense)
Elephant
grass
(Pennisetum
pur-
pureum ).
Berseem (Trifolium
alexandrinum).
Kalai
(Phaseolus
radiatus).
Rice straw (Oryza
sativa).
Nagalee straw (Eleu¬
sine coracana).
Ranmatki (Phaseolus
trilobus).
Shevari . .
Water
Hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassi¬
pes).
Place
Govt. Farm,
Ranchi.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Govt. Farm,
Sabour.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ratnagiri
Farm.
Ditto .
Govt. Farm.
Kopergaon.
Dharwar .
Dacca L. S. E.
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
58
88
114
48
182
80
100
90
46
Nil
Nil
88
40
58
Remarks
Height 1 ft. 6 in. with flowers
an pods.
Cut at early stage at 4 in.
height.
Height 1 ft. with flowers and
pods.
Height 5 ft. 3 in. with flowers.
Height 9 in. before flowering.
Height 1 ft. 6 in. with flowers
and pods.
Height 2 to 2½ ft. Two months
after last cutting.
One month old. First cutting
at 1 to 1½ ft. height.
Three months old.
Approach-
ing maturity. Height 9 in. to
11 in.
Green.
D
18
Carotene Content of Grasses
TABLE I—contd.
Grasses and fodders
No.
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Name
Fresh hay
Maize fodder (Zea
Mays).
Rice straw (Oryza
sativa).
Shevari . . .
Elephant
Grass
(Pennisetum pur-
pureum).
Biri plants
Cow
pea
plants
(Vigna Catjang).
Dolichos Lablab
Doliehos biflorus
Sorghum versicolor.
Sorghum purpureo-se-
riceum.
Pennisetum
typh-
oideum.
Sorghum halepense
Selaria italica
Panicum miliare
Sesbania
grandi¬
flora.
Place
Agric. Station,
Surat.
Arbhari Farm
Ditto
Ditto
Cuttack, Dir.
of Agricul-
ture, Orissa.
Ditto
Ditto
Millets Spe-
cialist, Coim-
batore.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
10
Trace
Ditto
140
36
130
140
130
120
76
90
56
32
120
104
202
Remarks
Representative sample from a
mixture of hay fed to dairy
cattle.
The grasses were in
ripe seed stage.
54 in. height. Growing stage.
Arrived infected with moulds.
17 in. height. Flowering stage.
Arrived infected with moulds.
19 in. height. Flowering stage.
Arrived infected with moulds.
The plants were in flowering
stage.
They were cut at
ground level.
Cut up in
pieces. Arrived in slightly
mouldy condition.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
J. K. MAKHIJANI AND B. N.
BANERJEE
19
TABLE I—contd.
Grasses and fodders
No.
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Name
Vigna Catjang
Ipomea hispida .
Maize
(Golden
beauty) (Zea Mays).
Teosinte
Elephant
Grass
(Pennisetum
pur-
pureum).
Ordinary grass from
forest area.
Rice straw (Oryza
sativa).
Karki.
Grown in
salt land creeks.
(Celtis caucasica).
Udid chaff (Phaseo¬
lus radiatus).
Darodi hay
Bathi hay
Moshi hay
Jinjro hay
Place
Millets Spe-
cialist, Coim-
batore.
Ditto .
Agricultural
College,
Coimbatore.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Kumta Farm
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Dohad Farm
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
114
88
24
38
28
Nil
Nil
46
Nil
16
30
36
20
Remarks
The
plants
were flowering
stage.
They were cut at
ground level.
Cut up in
pieces.
Arrived in slightly
mouldy condition.
Ditto
Flowering stage.
Height 5 ft.
6 in. Loss of moisture on dry-
ing 80 per cent.
Flowering stage. Cut 2 in. above
ground. Height of plant 4 ft.
6 in. Loss on drying 80 per
cent.
Full grown and nearly flowering.
Height of plant 6 ft. Cut in
2 in. above ground. Loss on
drying 80 per cent.
Mature, 2½ ft. high. Dry graz-
ing feed from October to
April.
After removal of paddy.
Dry
feed from May to October.
Three ft. high.
Height 20 in. Green weeds from
November to June.
After removal of udid grains
the chaff is fed in rainy
season.
Ripe dry stage.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
20
Carotene Content of Grasses
TABLE I—concld.
Grasses and fodders
No.
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
Name
Spear Grass hay
(Heteropogon
con-
tortus).
Spear Grass green
(Heteropogon con¬
tortus).
Andropogon annula-
tus (green).
Kolukkatti
Grass
(Andropogon annu-
lotus) (green).
Chloris
barbata
(green).
Indigofera
anna¬
phylla (green).
Rice straw (Oryza
sativa).
Groundnut stems and
leaves
(Arachis
hypogaea).
Berseem (Trifolium
alexandrinum).
Place
Hosur Cattle
Farm.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Nagpur Agric.
Depot.
Ditto .
Govt. Agric.
Farm, Patna
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
14
34
44
118
40
52
Trace
10
78
Remarks
Height 4 in. Harvested before
dead ripe.
Height 2½ ft. Harvested in
green condition.
Height 1 ft. 9 in. Cut after 34
days from planting.
A number of concentrate feeds were also analysed and the results are
shown in Table II.
J. K. MAKHIJANI AND B. N.
BANERJEE
21
TABLE II
Concentrates
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Name
Maize . . . . . .
Mammoth Yellow Soya Bean .
Fish meal . . . .
African Bajri . . .
Brewer's grain . . .
Mustard cake . . .
Til cake
.
.
.
.
Maize .
.
.
.
.
Mustard cake . . .
Mustard cake . . .
Mustard cake . . .
Mali Kolai flour . . .
Tur chunni (Cajawus indicus) .
Guar (beans) (Cyamopsis psora-
loides).
Til oil-cake .
.
.
.
Cotton seed .
.
.
.
Maize seed
.
.
.
.
Kulthi seed .
.
.
.
Cotton seed .
.
.
.
Matki
.
.
.
.
Hulga .
.
.
.
.
Place
Central Poultry
Breeding
Farm, Kirkee.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Bangalore Dairy Farm .
L. S. E., Dacca . . .
Ditto . .
Govt. Farm, Ranchi . .
Govt. Farm, Sabour . .
Govt. Farm, Cuttack . .
Govt. Cattle Farm, Gauhati.
Ditto .
Surat Farm . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Arbhari Farm . . .
Ditto . . .
Govt. Farm, Kopergaon .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
Nil
Trace
Nil
Trace
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Trace
Trace
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
22
Carotene Content of Grasses
TABLE II—contd.
Concentrates
No.
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Name
Safflower cake . . .
Udid Vato
.
.
.
.
Til cake
.
.
.
.
Kurasani cake . . .
Coconut cake . . .
Gowar seed .
.
.
.
Cotton seed .
.
.
.
Soya bean
.
.
.
.
Ragi grain
.
.
.
.
Linseed oil-cake . . .
Tur chunni I . . . .
Tur chunni II . . .
Tur chunni III . . .
Masur (Lentil) . . .
Black til oil-cake . . .
White til oil-cake . . .
Juar meal
.
.
.
.
Lakh Tiwara .
.
.
.
Barley . . . . . .
Place
Govt. Farm, Kopergaon.
Dohad Farm . . .
Ditto . . .
Kumta Farm . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Hosur Cattle Farm . .
Coimbatore Cattle Farm .
Nagpur Cattle Farm . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Imperial Dairy Farm, Ban-
galore.
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
Nil
Trace
Nil
Trace
Nil
Nil
Nil
Trace
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Trace
Nil
Nil
Nil
Trace
Nil
Nil
J. K. MAKHIJANI AND B. N.
BANERJEE
23
TABLE II—concld.
Concentrates
No.
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Name
Gram .
.
.
.
.
Horse Gram .
.
.
.
Linseed
.
.
.
.
Rice bran
.
.
.
.
Karai .
.
.
.
.
Wheat bran .
.
.
.
Oats . . . . . .
Cotton seed-meal . . .
Wheat . . . . .
Gram chunni .
.
.
.
Thoor husk .
.
.
.
Groundnut cake . . .
Place
Imperial Dairy Farm, Banga-
lore.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Carotene
in mg.
per kg.
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Trace
Nil
Trace
Nil
Nil
Nil
To find out the effect of carotinoid feed on dairy cows, three groups of
two cows each were given basal ration and guinea grass. The first group
was given the normal ration, the second group was given twenty per cent
extra guinea grass and the straw supply was omitted. The third group was
provided guinea grass fourteen per cent less than normal and the deficit was
made up with straw. The milk-yield, carotene, and vitamin-content of
butter and the carotene-content of the blood of the animals are given for
weekly samples. The experiments were carried on for fiveweeks and the
results are given in the Tables III and IV.
24
Carotene Content of Grasses
TABLE III
Statement of consumption of guinea grass by the experimental cows and milk-yield and fat percentage
Week ending
10th September 1936 . .
17th September 1936 . .
24th September 1936 . .
1st October 1936 . . .
8th October 1936 . . .
Average .
11th September 1936 . .
18th September 1936 . .
25th September 1936 . .
2nd October 1936 . .
9th October 1936 . . .
Average .
9th September 1936 . .
16th September 1936 . .
23rd September 1936 . .
30th September 1936 . .
7th October 1936 . . .
Average .
22nd September 1936 . .
2nd October 1936 . . .
6th October 1936 . . .
Group A
Cow Nos.
256
31.7
34.14
34.17
35.0
34.85
...
10.57
10.428
10.57
10.0
10.214
...
5.2
5.35
5.15
5.15
5.05
...
720
734
737
257
30.85
32.07
21.42
35.0
34.71
...
12.857
13.07
12.357
12.07
12.142
...
5.5
5.8
5.25
5.25
5.0
...
601
654
650
Average
31.275
33.15
32.795
35.0
34.78
33.39
11.563
11.749
11.463
1103
11.17
11.437
5.35
5.575
5.2
5.2
5.025
5.27
Group B
Cow Nos.
247
28.07
38.42
41.28
41.92
41.78
263
41.0
40.5
41.0
42.5
42.5
...
Average
34.535
39.46
41.14
42.21
42.14
39.89
Milk-yield per dayin lb.
21.857
22.428
22.57
22.357
21.785
...
21.357
21.428
21.785
21.785
21.357
...
21.607
22.178
22.177
22.671
21.571
21.92
Fat Percentage
4.65
4.65
4.5
4.65
4.7
...
6.2
5.15
4.7
4.55
5.3
...
5.42
4.9
4.6
4.6
5.0
4.904
Weight of animals in lb.
673
682
695
675
660
663
Group C
Cow Nos.
274
24.42
26.5
27.5
29.5
27.71
...
17.692
16.142
15.57
15.285
14.5
...
4.9
4.25
4.4
4.45
4.3
...
641
652
651
278
21.14
23.28
28.71
29.57
30.0
...
20.357
20.7
21.57
21.785
21.57
...
5.35
4.45
4.5
4.65
4.45
601
600
592
Average
22.78
24.89
28.1
29.535
28.855
26.832
18.99
18.421
18.570
18.535
18.035
18.512
5.125
4.35
4.45
4.55
4.375
4.57
Analysis of guinea
grass for carotene on
7 occasions during
the course of the ex-
periment gave value
to be 160 to 280 mg.
per kg. These sam-
ples were taken at
different times and
than those shown. in
Table I.