NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
cxii
TABLE O.
PROVINCIAL REPORT.
Referred to in paragraph 746—page 168.
Statement showing Receipts and Expenditure of Veterinary Dispensaries during 1896-97.
Dispensaries.
North-Western
Provinces
and
Oudh.
North
Punjab.
Sialkot
.
.
.
.
.
Gujranwalla
.
.
.
.
Dora Ismail Khan . . .
TOTAL .
South Punjab.
Amritsar (Municipality) . .
Hoshiarpur
.
.
.
.
Umballa
.
.
.
.
.
Jellalabad
.
.
.
.
Rohtak
.
.
.
.
.
Ludhiana
.
.
.
.
RRCEIPTS.
Last year's
Balance.
Rs. A. P.
By Local
Fund Grant.
Rs. A. P .
By Govern-
ment Grant.
Rs. A. P.
By Municipal
contribution.
Rs. A. P.
By others
sources.
Rs. A. P.
TOTAL.
Rs. A. P.
EXPENDITURE.
Pay.
Rs. A. P.
Travelling
Allowance.
Rs. A. P.
Medicine
Instruments,
etc., etc.
Rs. A. P.
Furniture,
land,
etc., etc.
Rs. A. P.
Contingen-
cies, stabling,
house-rent,
etc.
Rs. A. P.
Transferred
to Indian
Veterinary
Dispensary
Fund.
Rs. A. P.
TOTAL.
Rs. A. P.
Balance.
Rs. A. P.
No dispensary has been establisbed by this Department in North-Western Provinces and Oudh.
...
197 9 7
...
197 9 7
...
...
...
...
...
...
2,132
1,178
1,191
4,501
8
0
2
11
9
0
7
4
...
693
859
3
13
3
9
...
759
459
8
10
10
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1,452 10 9
...
...
...
...
...
35
3
0
0
3
...
3
229
20
8 0
6
0
11
0
0
...
310 2 0
...
...
2,167
1,378
1,191
4,737
1,682
713
859
310
759
459
9
10
2
5
0
3
13
2
8
10
0
3
7
10
9
3
9
0
10
2
1,388
720
758
2,866
575
280
430
45
467
107
3
0
4
7
0
0
0
0
11
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
8
293
450
293
1,036
3
0
0
12
12
0
0
0
5
5
0
...
180 0 0
...
162 11 1
...
265 10 6
...
120
385
8.0
413
67
225
48
214
0
10
2
9
8
2
6
9
0
6
9
3
9
0
0
6
...
...
19
19
2
2
2
2
...
19 10 0
...
...
77
128
0
10
0
0
185
8
11
6
3
0
...
194
293
1
14
3
0
...
132
40
3
8
5
0
12
11
0
0
3
0
35 0 3
...
...
3 5 0 3
...
...
...
...
...
...
2,167
1,178
1,191
4,537
1,682
713
859
310
759
459
9
6
2
1
0
3
13
2
8
10
0
0
7
7
9
3
9
0
10
2
...
200 4 3
...
200 4 8
...
...
...
...
...
...
REMARKS.
cxiii
Statement showing Receipts and Expenditure of Veterinary Dispensaries during 1896-97—contd.
Dispensaries.
Amritsar District
.
.
.
Delhi
.
.
.
.
.
Gurdaspur
.
.
.
.
Muitao
.
.
.
.
.
Montgomery
.
.
.
.
Kangra
.
.
.
.
.
Dera Ghazi Khan . . .
TOTAL .
Bombay
Presidency,
Nasik
.
.
.
.
.
Do. (Itinerant) . . .
Dhulia
.
.
.
.
.
Jalgaon . . . . .
Bhadgaon (Itinerant)
. .
Poona
.
.
.
.
.
RECEIPTS.
Last year's
Balance.
Rs. A. P.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
12,531
761
630
21
127
612
6
15
13
9
14
6
10
0
2
11
5
0
By Local
Fund Grant.
Rs.
1,452
1,504
1,891
1,865
430
1,861
786
12,583
350
545
750
750
750
1,000
A,
1
7
10
0
15
8
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
P.
0
6
5
0
6
6
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
By Govern-
ment Grant.
Rs. A. P.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
832
463
400
400
1,284
8
11
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
...
By Municipal
contribution.
Rs. A. P.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1,452 10 9
...
55 0
0
...
...
...
454 0 0
By other
sources.
Rs. A . P.
...
...
...
...
...
14 1
0
...
573
5,378
9
4
0
6
...
16
0
0
799
10
12
12
8
3
11
11
0
TOTAL.
Rs.
1,452
1,504
1,891
1,865
430
1,875
786
14,590
19,092
1,828
1,697
1,172
2,162
2,865
A.
1
7
10
0
15
9
0
2
3
10
7
6
12
14
P.
0
6
5
0
6
6
0
8
4
1
5
10
4
0
EXPENDITURE.
Pay.
Rs.
900
1,000
1,319
644
290
1,087
786
7,982
1,081
790
974
921
937
685
A.
0
10
4
0
1
8
0
15
0
0
8
12
8
0
P.
0
3
0
0
3
9
0
5
0
0
6
11
11
0
Travelling
Allowance.
Rs.
5
47
A.
0
2
P.
0
0
...
556
81
18
0
6
12
0
0
0
...
1,053 15 1
...
344 15 6
...
5
82
2
12
12
5
0
0
0
Medicines,
Instruments,
etc., etc.
Rs.
337
392
518
A.
15
3
11
P.
6
3
5
...
4
219
7
4
0
9
...
3,332
264
13
486
0
7
1
6
2
0
7
0
...
...
612 10 6
Furniture,
land,
etc., etc.
Rs.
25
A.
0
P.
0
...
...
...
57
550
0
0
0
0
...
851 4 0
...
...
...
...
...
...
Contingen-
cies, stabling,
house-rent,
etc.
Rs.
134
61
23
665
4
A.
1
8
11
0
1
P.
6
0
0
0
3
...
...
1,370
10,811
221
119
190
123
0
3
3
4
6
10
0
1
8
7
2
3
...
Transferred
to Indian
Veterinary
Dispensary
Fund.
Rs. A. P.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
TOTAL.
Rs.
1,452
1,504
1,891
1,865
430
1,875
736
14,590
12,166
1,372
1,580
1,117
1,143
1,299
A.
1
7
10
0
15
9
0
2
10
4
3
15
15
15
P.
0
6
5
0
6
6
0
8
1
9
1
1
2
6
Balance.
Rs. A.
P.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
6,935
456
117
54
1,018
1,565
9
5
4
7
13
14
3
4
4
9
2
6
REMARKS.
2 U
cxiv
Statement showing Receipts and Expenditure of Veterinary Dispensaries during 1896-97—contd.
Dispensaries.
Belgaum
.
.
.
.
Do. (Itinerant)
.
.
Dhatwar . . . . .
Ahmedabad
.
.
.
.
Nadiad . . . . .
Kaira (Itinerant) .
.
.
Burat . . . . .
Karachi .
.
.
.
.
Hyderabad . . . .
Shikarpur . . . .
TOTAL .
Central
Provinces.
Nagpur
.
.
.
.
.
Raipui
.
.
.
.
.
TOTAL .
Bengal.
Sitamarhi
.
.
.
.
Do
.
.
.
.
.
.
TOTAL .
RROEIPTS.
Last year's
Balance.
Rs. A. P.
381 10 1
115 12 0
3,084 10 6
671 6 1
4,763 12 5
265 5 8
1,588 10 7
1,805 13 6
27,246 1 2
...
797 0 0
797 0 0
...
...
...
By Local
Fund Grant.
Rs. A. P.
1,180 0 0
1,000 0 0
300 0 0
1,000 0 0
260 0 0
2,000 0 0
6,500 0 0
2,900 0 0
19,275 0 0
...
...
...
200 0 0
...
200 0 0
By Govera-
ment Grant.
Rs. A. P.
1,060 11 6
700 0 0
986 10 8
1,254 11 10
400 0 0
900 0 0
775 0 0
1,455 0 0
10,912 6 1
1,854 0 0
1,894 0 0
3,748 0 0
...
...
...
By Municipal
contribution.
Rs. A. P.
57 0 0
100 0 0
250 0 0
300 0 0
300 0 0
1,500 0 0
...
420 0 0
3,436 0 0
...
...
...
...
159 14 3
159 14 3
By other
sources.
Rs. A. P.
31 8 0
5 0 0
218 4 0
163 10 8
557 7 5
190 8 8
...
6 0 0
7,368 7 4
263 12 0
61 13 3
325 9 3
1,027 13 6
...
1,027 13 6
TOTAL.
Rs. A. P.
2,710 13 7
1,920 12 0
4,319 9 2
3,389 11 7
6,271 3 10
4,865 14 4
8,863 10 7
6,536 13 6
68,237 14 7
2,117 12 0
2,752 13 3
4,870 9 3
1,227 13 6
159 14 3
1,387 11 9
EXPENDITURE.
Pay.
Rs. A. P.
1,685 2 0
1,103 12 0
1,091 0 0
2,158 8 8
928 0 0
2,814 5 4
1,958 0 0
2,608 12 0
19,737 6 4
1,260 0 0
1,204 1 10
2,464 1 10
256 1 3
20 0 0
276 1 3
Travelling
Allowance.
Rs. A. P.
90 0 0
...
17 0 0
57 10 3
...
59 3 4
102 2 6
197 10 6
959 7 1
...
47 0 0
47 0 0
16 11 0
...
16 11 0
Medicines,
Instruments,
etc., etc.
Rs. A. P.
568 2 11
160 9 9
239 0 0
578 0 3
251 14 3
905 12 2
68 2 6
260 8 0
4,408 10 11
299 8 0
...
299 8 0
127 6 0
134 0 9
261 6 9
Furniture,
land,
etc., etc.
Rs. A. P.
...
...
...
...
65 4 3
...
69 10 0
25 0 0
149 14 3
5 0 0
...
5 0 0
695 0 0
...
695 0 0
Contingen-
cies, stabling
house-rent,
etc.
Rs, A. P.
195 0 0
240 13 9
363 6 3
333 0 2
194 4 2
326 2 11
249 14 0
61 15 11
13,433 4 11
289 8 0
352 6 0
641 13 0
132 11 3
5 13 6
138 8 9
Transferred
to Indian
Veterinary
Dispensary
Fund.
Rs. A. P.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
TOTAL.
Rs. A, P.
2,538 4 11
1.505 3 6
1,710 6 3
3,127 3 4
1,429 6 8
4,105 7 9
2,447 13 0
3,153 14 5
38,688 11 6
1,854 0 0
1,603 6 10
3,457 6 10
1,227 13 6
159 14 3
1,387 11 9
Balance.
Rs. A. P.
172 8 8
415 8 6
3,109 2 11
262 8 3
4,811 13 2
760 6 7
6,415 13 7
3,432 15 1
29,549 3 1
263 12 0
1,149 6 6
1,413 2 5
...
...
...
REMARKS.
cxv
TABLE P.
PROVINCIAL REPORT.
Referred to in paragraph 808, page 209,
Statement showing Tours of Superintendents, Civil Veterinary Department, during 1896-97.
Bank, name, and designation of Officer.
Veterinary Lieutenant J. Longhlin, Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North-
Western Provinces and Oudh.
(Prom 1st April 1896 to 4th March 1897.)
Veterinary Captain R. H. Ringe, Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Department, North-Western
Provinces and Oudh.
(From 5th March 1897 to end of official year.)
Veterinary Captain W. E. Hagger, Principal,
Ajmere Veterinary School.
Veterinary Lieutenant H. P. Turnbull, Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North
Punjab.
Veterinary Lieutenant E. W. Larnder, Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, South
Punjab.
(From 1st April 1896 to 10th July 1896.)
Districts visited.
Meerut, Ajmere, Cawnpore, Naini Tal,
Saharunpur, Dehra Dun, Fattehpur,
Lucknow, Rai
Bareilly,
Fyzabad,
Hardoi, Bijnor, Muzafarnagar, Buland-
shahr, Agra, Muradabad, Budaon,
Bareilly, Shahjahanpur,
Allahabad,
Aligarh, and Muttra.
Meerut, Bulandshahr, Aligarh, Agra, and
Ajmere.
Merwara, Ulwar, Jeypore, Bhurtpore,
Ajmere, Nasirabad, Bandanwara,
Sathana, Masuda, Khairwa, Kekri,
Deoli, and Sawar.
Hazara Kohat, Peshawar, Lahore, Rawal-
pindi, Jhelum, Gujianwala, Gujrat,
Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Shabpur,
and Sialkot.
Ludhiana,
Umballa,
and
Kurnal
districts.
Fairs and Shows attended.
Garhmuktesar,
Batesar,
Makanpur,
Bulandshahr.
Meerut (Nauchandi).
Tezaji, Ulwar, Jeypore, and Pushkar.
Jhelum, Bannu, Gujrat, Shahpur, Lahore,
and Rawalpindi.
Rawalpindi and Amritsar.
NUMBER OF MILES TRAVELLED.
By Road.
2,318
199
208
903
486
By Rail.
4,893
1,017
1,014
7,079
3,253
By Boat
or
Steamer.
......
......
......
......
72
TOTAL.
7,211
1,216
1,222
7,982
3,811
REMARKS.
Visited Bacteriological Labor-
atory, Muktesar; inspected
Tonga line between Naini
Tal and Kathgodam, inspected
Dâk line between Saharanpur
and Rajpur; enquired into
outbreak of Glanders at Luck-
now.
Attended Board of Examination,
Ajmere Veterinary School.
Visited Bhurtpore to investigate
"Surra"
amongst
Durbar
horses.
......
Inspected Transport Bullocks
at Kalka; inspected Patbankot-
Dunera, Lâk line; inspected
Veterinary dispensaries.
cxvi
TABLE P—continued.
Rank, name, and designation of officer.
Veterinary Captain P. Joslen, Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Department, South Punjab.
(From loth July 1896 to end of official year.)
Veterinary Captain F. Joslen, Officiating Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, North-
Western Provinces and Oudh.
(From 23rd July to 26th September 1896.)
Veterinary Captain H. M. Maxwell, Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Balu-
chistan.
Veterinary Lieutenant A. S. Trydell, Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Central
Provinces.
Veterinary Captain F. Raymond, Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Department, Bengal.
Veterinary Captain J. W. A. Morgan, Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Bombay
Presidency.
Veterinary Captain G. H. Evans, Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary Department, Burma.
Fairs and Shows attended.
Delhi, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Kurnal, Um-
balla, Ludhiana, Ferozepore, Mont-
gomery, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Hoshiar-
pur, and Jullander.
Meerut, Saharanpur, and Dehra Dun.
Quetta, Kelat, Thal Chotiali, and Zhob.
Raipur, Nimar, Wardha,
Jabalpur,
Mandla, Damoh, Saugor, Navsinghpur,
Hoshangabad,
Betal,
Chiudwara,
Nagpur, and Seoni.
Saran, Muzafarpur, Shahabad, Patna,
Champaran, Darbhunga,
Birbbum,
Burdwan, Hooghly, the 24-Parganas,
Khuna, Barisal, Chittagong, Noakhali,
Mymensingh, and Darjeeling.
Bombay, Poona, Belgaum, Ahmednagar,
Sholapur, Kaira, Ahmedabad, Palanpur,
Surat, Karachi, Upper Sind Frontier,
Shikarpur, and Hyderabad.
Akyab, Northern Arakan, Kyankyu,
Sandoway, Hanthawaddy, Pegu, Thar-
rawaddy, Prome, Thongwa, Henzada,
Toungoo, Amherst, Thayetmyo, Pokkoku,
Mandalay, Shwebo, Sagaing, Kyaukse,
Meiktila, Yamethin, and Myingyan.
Districts visited.
Hansi, Jellalabad, Multan, Dera Ghazi
Khan, Jhang,
Shahpur, Amritsar
Kapurthala, Dinanagar,and Ludhiana.
Nil.
Quetta, Sibi.
Singaji, Mundara, Madhuberi.
Sonepore, Kalimpong, Parapur, Sitamarhi,
and Suri.
Jacobabad, Moro, Telhar, Bhuj,
Amherst, Tharrawaddy.
NUMBER OF MILES TRAVELLED
By road.
1,721
158
1,280
1,087
433
802
261
By Rail.
5,548
136
1,780
4,945
5,302
7,612
4,644
By Boat
or
Steamer
90
...
...
...
295
670
2,526
TOTAL
7,359
294
3,060
6,032
6,030
9,114
7,431
REMARKS.
Inspected
mares of Jhind
State at Charkhi-Dadri and
Jhind; attended as an ex-
aminer on Nalbund's class of
the Lahore Veterinary College;
inspected Veterinary Dispen-
saries; inspected Kalka-Simla
Dâk line, inspected Transport
Bullocks at Umballa; officiated
Superintendent, North-West-
ern Provinces and Oudh,
from 23rd July to 26th
September 1896.
Inspected
Saharanpur-Rajpur
Dâk line, in August 1896.
......
Inspected Veterinary Dispen-
sary, Raipur.
......
Member, Board of Examin-
ation, Bombay
Veterinary
College; inspected Veterinary
Dispensaries; purchased stal-
lions at Bombay; visited State
studs; assisted Remount Agent
in purchasing remounts.
......
cxvii
TABLE Q.
PROVINCIAL REPORT.
Referred to in paragraph 814, page 213.
Statement showing Provincial cost of the Civil Veterinary Department during the official year 1896-97.
Major Heads.
I.—Prizes at Horse Fairs and shows
.
.
.
II.—Establishment—Officers
.
.
.
.
.
Ditto
Subordinates .
.
.
.
.
III.—Travelling allowance—Officers
.
.
.
.
Ditto
Subordinates
.
.
.
House-Rent allowances
.
.
.
.
.
IV.—Contingencies
.
.
.
.
.
.
V.—Purchase of stallions
.
.
.
.
.
VI.—Stable, feed and keep
.
.
.
.
.
.
VII.—Road expenses
.
.
.
.
.
.
Allowance to pupils
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Medicines and Instruments .
.
.
.
.
.
.
TOTAL . .
Superintendent, North-Western
Provinces and Oudh.
R a. p.
100 0 0
6,469 0 0
2,216 4 6
3,292 3 8
1,725 2 9
14,312 10 4
1,509 14 6
......
......
28,625 3 7
Superintendent, North Punjab.
R a. p.
......
......
......
......
......
.......
......
......
......
......
......
..
Superintendent, South Punjab.
R a. p.
......
3,126 3 7
......
1,563 9 6
......
2,849 0 1
......
......
......
......
......
7,541 13 2
Superintendent, Baluchistan.
R a. p.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
Superintendent, Bengal.
R a. p.
4,829 5 4
4,031 13 11
6 0 0
669 2 6
......
4,675 7 1
......
3,986 8 6
......
1,468 7 6
19,665 12 9
Superintendent, Madras.
R a. p.
......
16,980 13 9
1,809 4 0
4,257 10 6
600 0 0
920 6 6
......
8,002 6 0
156 12 8
......
......
31,727 4 6
Principal Ajmere Veterinary
School.
R a. p.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
SUPBRIN-
TENDENT,
PROVINCES.
Central
Provinces.
R a. p.
......
3,659 12 8
914 8 0
181 3 6
......
1,880 4 6
Minus 60 0 0
947 14 11
......
......
7,623 11 7
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REFERENCE.
Places marked thus X indicate temporary Stands where
Stallions are sent when required during the Covering Season.
I p / Q B 1 0
m 9 1 b
No. 8.
(NEW SERIES.)
SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS
BY
OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL AND SANITARY DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A PARASITE FOUND IN PERSONS
SUFFERING FROM ENLARGEMENT OF THE
SPLEEN IN INDIA.
BY
LIEUT. S. R. CHRISTOPHERS, M.B., I. M. S.
( On special duty )
ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
BY THE SANITARY COMMISSIONER WITH THE GOVERNMENT
OF INDIA, SIMLA.
CALCUTTA
OFFI C OF THE SUPERI NTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRI NTI NG, I NDI A
1904.
Price one rupee and eight annas.
NO. 8.
(NEW SERIES.)
SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS
BY
OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL AND SANITARY DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A PARASITE FOUND IN PERSONS
SUFFERING FROM ENLARGEMENT OF THE
SPLEEN IN INDIA.
BY
LIEUT. S. R. CHRISTOPHERS, M.B., I.M.S.
(On special duty.)
ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
BY THE SANITARY COMMISSIONER WITH THE GOVERNMENT.
OF INDIA, SIMLA
C U L C U T T A :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA.
1904.
Agents for the Sale of Books published by the Superintendent of Government
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Rangoon.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A PARASITE FOUND IN PERSONS SUFFER-
ING FROM ENLARGEMENT OF THE SPLEEN IN INDIA.
(Received February 14th, 1904.)
THE
parasites which are the subject of this preliminary report were describ-
ed in May 1903, by Major W. B. Leishman, R.A.M.C., who found them
in 1900 in the examination of a film taken post-mortem from the spleen of a case
of fever apparently contracted in Dum-Dum near Calcutta.* Major Leishman
observed the constant presence of a large and a small chromatin mass in the bodies,
and chiefly on this account suggested that they were possibly the remains
of trypanosomata, and that similar anomalous cases of so-called malarial
fever might in reality be cases of trypanosomiasis. In July 1903, Captain
C. Donovan, I.M.S., reported that he had found bodies identical with those
described by Leishman, in blood taken from cases by splenic puncture during
life. He failed to find trypanosomes in the peripheral blood of any of his
cases and the bodies appeared to be so defined and characteristic that he
considered them to be a new form of parasite. He sent specimens to Major
Ronald Ross, I. M. S., and to Professors Laveran and Mesnil. From his
examination of the specimens Major Ross came to the conclusion that
the parasite was a new one, and proposed to Classify it in a new genus,
Leishmania, and to call the particular parasite in question L e i s h m a n i a
donovani. In January 1904, Professor Marchand and Dr. Ledingham,
influenced by the publications of Leishman, Donovan, and Ross, published an
account of a case in which similar bodies had been found post-mortem
in sections of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow, in December 1902. In the
meantime Professors Laveran and Mesnil had examined the specimens sent to them
by Captain Donovan and had given a systematic description of the bodies and
assigned to them a zoological position. They found forms included in a sub-
stance which they took to be the body of a red blood corpuscle changed by the
presence of the parasite. In addition to circular forms they found bodies which
were distinctly pear-shaped, and this appeared to them to be the most typical
form of the parasite. Bodies divided into two or more by a process of fission
were also seen by them, and they finally came to the conclusion that the parasite
was a new species of piroplasma and named it Piroplasma donovani. Owing
to the importance of the subject I was directed to visit Madras and investigate
the nature of the parasites discovered there by Captain Donovan.
* Similar parasites were discovered by Surgeon-Major D. D. Cunningham, I.M.S. in 1885. See Scientific Memoirs
by Medical Officers of the Army of India. Part I. Printed by the Superintendent of Government Printing, India ; Ca
l c u t t a 1 8 8 5 . — E d .
2
I proceeded at once to Madras and through the kindness of Major Donovan
I have been able to examine many of his cases and specimens. I have also seen
cases in the wards of Major Robertson and Captain Kirkpatrick, and have been
able to minutely examine the tissues in three autopsies on fatal cases of the dis-
ease. I have also been able to compare the human parasites with those of two
species of piroplasmata, one in calves and the other in pariah dogs in Madras.
I shall describe the points which I desire to bring forward in this report
under the following headings :—
(1) The clinical features of the cases in which the parasites are found.
(2) The post-mortem appearances of cases.
(3) The importance of the disease and its relation to kala azar.
(4) A description of the parasites and of their relation to the red blood corpuscles
and to the leucocytes.
(5) The distribution of the parasites in the body, with an account of a new method
of staining sections by a modification of Romanowsky's stain.
(6) A comparison of the parasites with species of piroplasma.
(7) The nature of the so-called "zooglea mass."
1 . C l i n i c a l f e a t u r e s o f c a s e s .
Whatever may be the signs and symptoms during the early stages of the
disease the final picture is extremely characteristic. The cardinal signs are
(1) Great enlargement of the spleen.
(2) Emaciation.
(3) Irregular pyrexia.
(4) Abdominal symptoms.
To these may be added the facts that malarial parasites are very rarely
found, and that the pyrexia and course of the disease are quite uninfluenced by
quinine.
Enlargement of the spleen.—This is always marked and is usually much
greater than in cases of malarial fever. The enormous size of the organ is, indeed,
the most distinctive feature of the disease. The edge of the spleen is found far
below the costal margin and most frequently reaches to the level of the umbilicus
or even to the pubes. The distension of the abdomen, the emaciation, and the
great splenic enlargement, give a peculiar and very characteristic appearance
to the cases.
3
Emaciation.— In fairly advanced cases emaciation is generally present, and
in cases which are proceeding to a fatal termination it is usually extreme.
Irregular pyrexia —Fever of an irregular character, reaching to 103° F. or
104° F., or more and showing no definite periodicity, is almost constantly present.
In some cases it shows an undulant character, periods of high fever alternating
with periods in which the rises of temperature are not so high. The temperature
is not influenced by quinine.
Abdominal symptoms.—Diarrhœa and a dysenteric condition with blood and
mucus in the stools are a constant feature in advanced cases. Death from
peritonitis due to perforation occurred in two out of the three fatal cases which
are referred to in this report. The fæces of two cases in which blood and
mucus were present in the stools were examined for amœbaew i t h o u t s u c c e s s .
The parasites were also searched for in the fæces of these cases but none were
found.
Oedema of the feet is sometimes, but not constantly, present.
Pigmentation of the skin is not usually in excess of the normal, and in
two cases seen by me in Eurasians with light skin there was no undue pigment-
ation of the skin or mucous membranes.
2. Post-mortem appearances.
These are as distinctive as the clinical signs. The following are the essen
tial points noted at the post-mortem examinations of three fatal cases : —
Autopsy No. I.—A male patient. Age about 50. Death from purulent
peritonitis. The abdominal cavity contained purulent fluid ;
omentum adherent to the intestines ; patches of congestion and
lymph exudation on the small intestine.
Spleen very large, length about 9 inches ; of firm consistence and not
pigmented.
Liver not enlarged; considerable change, which was visible to the
naked eye, had taken place in the liver substance.
Small intestine.—Patches of congested mucous membrane covered with
mucus containing worm-shaped clots were scattered over the
gut. A fair number of anchylostomata were present.
Large intestine.—The mucous membrane was greatly thickened and
markedly congested. Large ulcers, one of which had perforated
the gut, were present throughout the whole length of this pore
tion of the intestine.