NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
J. F.
SHIRLAW
313
Puppy No. 12.
Days of Disease.
Chart No. 4.
Temperature in Fahrenheit.
314
'Lahore Canine Fever' and 'Tick Fever' of dogs
Puppy No. 13.
Days of Disease (Second inoculation).
Chart No. 5.
Temperature in Fahrenheit.
J. F.
SHIRLAW
315
Puppy No. 15.
Days of Disease.
Chart No. 6.
Temperature in Fahrenheit.
316
'Lahore Canine Fever' and 'Tick Fever' of dogs
Puppy No. 16.
Days of Disease.
Chart No. 7.
Temperature in Fahrenheit.
PLATE XXV
[ Ind. Jour. Vety. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. VIII Part IV
Spleen Lahore Canine Fever X 875.
Heidenhain's Iron Haematoxylin and cosin.
V.S. .. .. .. ..
M. .. .. .. ..
L. .. .. .. ..
P. .. .. .. ..
H. .. .. .. ..
venous sinus
macrophages in red pulp of spleen
littoral cell of venous sinus
polyblast cell derived from reticulum
haemocytoblast
Note the intense polyblastic (reticular cell) hyperplasia with macrophage development. Haemocy¬
toblasts are numerous in the red pulp and venous sinuses
Ind. Jour. Vety. Sci. & Amin. Husb., Vol. VIII, Part IV ]
PLATE XXVI
Spleen. Experimental P. gibsoni infection. X 875
Heidenhain's Iron Haematoxylin and cosin
V.S. .. .. .. ..
M. .. .. .. ..
L. .. .. .. ..
P. .. .. .. ..
H. .. .. .. ..
venous sinus
macrophages in red pulp of spleen
littoral cell of venous sinus
polyblast cell derived from reticulum
haemoeytoblast
Note the cytological changes similar to those in Lahore Canine Fever
Ind. Jour. Vety. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. VIII Part IV ]
PLATE XXVII
Lahore Canine Fever
Section of Bone Marrow, stain Heidenhain Iron Haematoxylin and eosin X 875
M.—Macrophage with inclusion bodies
M 1 .—Macrophages containing blood pigment
H.—Haemocytoblasts
P.—Polyblast (transitional haemocytoblast) containing inclusion bodies
N.—Normoblasts
I.B.—Inclusion bodies in intercellular spaces
Pig.—Blood pigment
FIG. 1
Experimental P. gibsoni infection
Section of bone marrow. Stain Heidenhain Iron Haematoxylin and eosin ×875
M.—Macrophages
M 1 —Macrophage containing blood pigment
R.—Reticular cell with inclusion bodies
R 1 —Reticular cell with nuclear degeneration
I.B.—Inclusion bodies in intercellular spaces
N.—Normoblast
P.— Polyblast (transitional haemocytoblasts)
H.—Haemocytoblast
Pig.—Blood pigment
FIG. 2
'Lahore Canine Fever'
Polyblast (reticular) cell from bone marrow
The cell cytoplasm has swollen and ruptured and the cytoplasmic inclusions are
migrating into the intercellular tissue spaces. Note the intact nucleus
FIG. 3
Lahore Canine Fever.'
Polyblast (reticular) cells from the red pulp of the spleen showing cytopalsmic
inclusions
Ind, Jour. Vety. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. VIII Part IV ]
PLATE XXVIII
FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
STUDIES ON THE GASTEROSTOMATOUS PARASITES
OF INDIAN FOOD-FISHES
BY
HAR DAYAL SRIVASTAVA, D.Sc.
Helminthologist (On special duty),
Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-Kumaun
(Received for publication on 25th March 1938)
(With ten text-figures)
THE earliest work on the Gasterostomatous trematodes is by Rudolph
[1819], who described Monost. crucibulum and Monost. galeatum. The generic
names Bucephalus and Gasterostomum were proposed by Baer [1827] and
Siebold [1848] respectively. In 1883, Ziegler pointed out the identity of the
two genera and on grounds of priority retained the genus Bucephalus. [Braun
[1883] created the family Gasterostomidae but as Gasterostomum is synony-
mous with Bucephalus, the family name Gasterostomidae lapses into synonymy
of Bucephalidae Poche, 1907. The original genus was divided by Diesing
[1858] into two genera, Bucephalus and Rhipidocotyle, a fact which has been
overlooked by several subsequent workers. In 1905, Odhner created a new
genus Prosorhynchus for species with a rhynchus and maintained the genus
Gasterostomum for forms with an anterior sucker. Nine years later Nicoll [1914]
studied the group in detail and divided the family Bucephalidae into two
subfamilies, Prosorhynchinae for the genus Prosorhynchus and Bucephalinae for
the genera Bucephalus, Bucephalopsis and Rhipidocotyle. Ozaki [1924, and
1928] followed Nicoll's classification and added three new genera, Gotonius,
Nannoenteron and Dolichoenteron. Issaitschikow [1928] proposed the genus
Skrjabinella for Prosorhynchus aculeatus Odhner, 1905. In 1931, Pigulewsky
described a new genus Mordvilkovia elongata, and created a new tribe Gotonia,
but the classification proposed by this author does not appear to be based on
sound grounds. The following year Eckmann [1932] published a critical study
of the group and, in the light of the anterior adhesive structure of Rhipidoco-
tyle baculum which possesses both a sucker and a structure homologous to a
rhynchus, pointed out the untenability of the subfamilies Bucephalinae and
Prosorhynchinae, which were based on the presence of a sucker or rhynchus.
She regarded Gotonius and Nannoenteron as synonyms of Prosorhynchus and
Rhipidocotyle respectively. Manter [1934] considered Skrjabinella as a
synonym of Prosorhynchus. Yamaguti [1934] maintained the genus Gotonius
in spite of Eckmann's opinion.
( 317 )
H
318
Gasterostomatous Parasites of Indian Food-Fishes
The occurrence of Gasterostomatous trematodes in Indian hosts was re-
corded by the author in 1934, 1935 and 1937. In this paper are described
several new parasites found in Indian food-fishes, both fresh-water and
marine.
Order—Gasterostomata Odhner, 1905.
Family—Bucephalidae Poche, 1907.
Genus—BUCEPHALUS Baer, 1827.
BUCEPHALUS INDICUS, N. SP.
Host—Macrones seenghala Day.
Habitat—Intestine.
Locality—Allahabad.
It is a fairly common parasite in the gut of Macrones seenghala found in the
rivers Ganges and Jumna at Allahabad. The infestation, though never heavy,
is nearly fifty per cent during winter months. In the living condition, the
parasite is light brown in colour and does not appear to have any marked
power of contraction and expansion. The body is elongated and somewhat
cylindrical with broadly rounded ends. It is studded with minute backwardly
directed spines which are more closely set in the anterior half of body and
become sparse towards the hinder end. The parasite in permanent mount
measures 1.4—3.2* in length and 0.28- 0.68 in maximum breadth which
occurs across the level of the pharynx. The anterior sucker, measuring 0.16
—0.36 × 0.14- 0.24 in size, has a crown of six well-developed and highly
contractile tentacles of 0.095—0.11 × 0.038-0.046 size. The tentacles
have a broad triangular base and a little further removed, about 0.03 -0.04,
from the anterior tip, possess two fairly well-developed lateral processes,
0.03-0.038 X 0.01 in size, situated on either side.
The pharynx is a circular, muscular structure of 0.08 - 0.14 in diameter
situated in the median line at about the junction of the middle and posterior
third of body length. The mouth lies in a small depression on the ventral body
surface. The pharynx opens posteriorly into a bottle-shaped oesophagus
of 0.06-0.18 in length. The intestine is a simple ovoid sac measuring
0.24-0.4 X 0.12-0.2 in size and extending forwards from the pharynx
to the anterior level of the ovary.
The two testes are of slightly varying size and shape. They are situated
one behind the other on the left side of the body usually in the first two
thirds of the posterior third of body length. The anterior testis, measuring-
0.14—0.32 × 0.12- 0.32 in size, is separated from the posterior testis of 0.12
— 0.38 X 0.12 — 0.28 in size by the initial part of the uterus and the vitalline
* All measurements are in mm.
H. D.
SRIVASTAVA
319
Fig. 1-b
Enlarged cephalic tentacle.
Fig. 1-a
Bucephalus indicus n. sp.
H. D.
SRIVASTAVA
321
vitellaria and the shape of excretory bladder, B. indicus resembles slightly B.
tridentacularia, but it differs from the latter in the number of tentacles, anterior
extent of cirrus sac and vitellaria, shape of anterior sucker and the difference
in the size of the various organs.
BUCEPHALUS GANGETICUS,N. SP.
Host—Macrones seenghala Day.
Habitat—Intestine.
Locality—Allahabad.
Only two specimens, one immature, of this parasite were collected from
the gut of one out of about four dozens of specimens of the host examined.
In the living condition the parasite is of light brown colour and exhibits con-
siderable power of contraction and expansion. The elongated and nearly
uniformly broad body is covered with minute, backwardly directed spine.; and
measures 1.76 in length and 0.38 in breadth. The anterior sucker has a
diameter of 0.2 and is placed a little subterminally on the ventral body surface.
It has a dorsal crown of four cylindrical and highly contractile tentacles of
0.08 X 0.02 in size. The tentacles are studded with minute, pointed spines.
The small, circular pharynx of 0.06 in diameter is situated in the median
line at the middle of the body length. It leads posteriorly through a very
short and narrow oesophagus into a saccular intestine of 0.2×0.14 in size.
The gonads are situated behind one another to the right of the median line
in the posterior half of the body. The hinder testis is situated at one sixth
of the body length from the posterior end and measures 0.18 × 0.14 in size.
It is separated from the anterior testis, which measures 0.22 × 0.18 in size,
by the initial part of the uterus. The cirrus sac is an elongated, tubular
structure measuring 0.74 × 0.14 in size and reaching anteriorly up to the
hinder end of the intestine. It encloses a well-developed, ovoid vesicula
seminalis, 0.16 × 0.1, a long, tubular, 0.4 × 0.1, pars prostatica surrounded
by prostate gland cells and a short and narrow ductus ejaculatorius of 0.1 in
length. The ductus ejaculatorius opens into the genital sinus at the base of the
genital tongue or cone. The genital sinus is surrounded by gland cells which
secrete the wall of the spermatophore. It opens to the outside at the hinder
end very close to the excretory pore.
The ovary is pear-shaped and measures 0.16 X 0.1 in size. It is situated
in the space between the anterior third of the anterior testis, posterior half of
the intestine and the right body wall. The shell gland complex lies between
the two testes and the right body wall. Laurer's canal is present. The
vitellaria are composed of small, rounded follicles arranged longitudinally,
on the lateral sides of body, beginning from a little in front of the pharynx to
the anterior fifth of body length. The uterus is well developed and contains a
large number of oval eggs of 0.015—0.023 X 0.0076—0.0095 in size. A
small, tubular metraterm is present.
322
Gasterostomatous Parasites of Indian Food-Fishes
Fig. 2.
Bucephalus gangeticus n. sp.
For ' Key to lettering ', please see Pp. 339-340.
H. D.
SRIVASTAVA
323
The excretory bladder is a long tube extending from the anterior fifth of
body length to the hinder end where it opens close to the genital pore.
Linton in 1910 described a trematode as Gasterostomum sp. from the gut
of Sphyraena barracuda which probably has a crown of four tentacles in con-
nection with its anterior sucker. Linton's description of this parasite is ex-
tremely meagre. The new species, B. gangeticus, resembles the American species
only in the number of its tentacles, in case the latter has really four tentacles.
However, a careful study of the description and the figure given by Linton
shows that the Indian species differs from the American form in most of its
characters, such as, shape of body, topography of gonads, position of vitellaria,
extent of uterus and cirrus sac, besides differences in measurements,
BUCEPHALUS BARINA, N. SP.
Host—Scatophagus argus Bloch.
Habitat—Intestine.
Locality—Puri, Bay of Bengal.
Half a dozen specimens of this trematode were obtained from the gut of a
marine fish examined at Puri in July 1935. The living parasite is dirty brown
in colour and the anterior half of the body is highly mobile. The body is
covered with very fine, backwardly directed spines which become smaller and
fewer towards the hinder end. In permanent mounts the parasite measures
1.52—2.8 in length and 0.5 —0.68 in maximum breadth which occurs across
the middle of vitellaria. The anterior sucker measuring 0.14—0.2 × 0.12
—0.22 in size is a fairly muscular structure and bears on its antero¬
dorsal surface a crown of five highly contractile tentacles. They measure
0.076—0.084 × 0.019—0.023 in size and have a number of small, rose-thorn-
shaped processes or hooks arranged radially round their basal halves.
The pharynx is a small, transversely oval structure of 0.038-0.068 ×
0.06—0.076 in size, situated usually in the median line a little behind the
anterior half of the body length. It opens posteriorly into a narrow oesopha-
gus, 0.08 long. The small, sac-like intestine lies in level with the ovary and
is of 0.13-0.2 × 0.1 in size.
The two transversely oval testes lie in contact, one behind the other, on
the left side close behind the cephalic half of the body. The anterior testis
is 0.2—0.32 × 0.16—0.24 in size while the posterior one measures 0.18-
0.28 × 0.14 - 0.18 in size. The cirrus sac lying along the left side is of 0.44—
0.7 × 0.12—0.2 in size and extends forwards upto the level of the anterior
margin of the posterior testis. It encloses a small, oval vesicula seminalis,
0.12-0.16 × 0.06-0.12, a pars prostatica, 0.2 × 0.04-0.08, surrounded
by well-developed prostate glands and a narrow ductus ejaculatorius,
0.1—0.2 long. The ducts ejaculatorius opens at the base of a well-developed
genital tongue extending into the genital sinus. The latter is surrounded by
gland cells which secrete the wall of the spermatophore. The genital pore lies
sub-terminally on the ventral surface a little in front of the posterior end.
324
Gasterostomatous Parasites of Indian Food-Fishes
Fig. 3
Bucephalus barina n. sp.
The ovary, measuring 0.14—0.22 × 0.12—0.18 in size, lies in front of the
anterior testis at the middle of the body length. It is separated from the
anterior testis by a small, compact shell gland mass. A small Laurer's canal
is given off from the oviduct. The vitellaria consisting of small rounded folli-
cles arranged roughly in pairs along the lateral sides of body extend from the
level of the ovary to the first sixth of the body length The uterus is well
developed and contains a very large number of yellowish-brown, oval eggs of
0.015—0.019 × 0.0095—0.011 in size. Anteriorly the uterus stops a little
in front of the suckers.
The excretory bladder is a more or less straight tube extending from the
anterior limit of the vitellaria to the hinder end, where it opens to the
outside through the excretory pore.
The new species, B. barina, differs from the hitherto known species of the
genus in the number and character of its tentacles. In its internal anatomy
H. D.
SRIVASTAVA
325
the parasite resembles B. jagannathai rather closely but it can be easily dis-
tinguished from the latter by the number and character of its tentacles, besides
differences in the measurements.
Key to the Species of the Genus Bucephalus Baer, 1827—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
7.
8.
9.
Tentacles four in number
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles more than four in number . . . . .
Testes one behind the other . . . . .
Testes symmetrically situated . . . . .
Tentacles five in number
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles more than five in number . . . . .
Tentacles six in number
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles more than six in number
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles with two lateral processes . . . . .
Tentacles with a single inwardly directed process .
Tentacles eight in number
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles eighteen in number
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles seven in number
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles branched at the ends . . . . .
Tentacles with lateral branches
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles with one-branch
.
.
.
.
.
Tentacles with two branches
.
.
.
.
.
Cirrus sac extends almost to the base of the anterior
testis. Tentacles poorly developed
.
.
.
Cirrus sac does not reach even the hinder margin of post-
erior testis. Tentacles strongly developed
2
3
B. gangeticus, n. sp.
B. sp. Linton, 1910.
B. barina, n. sp.
4
5
6
B. indicus, n. sp.
B.
jagannathai
Verma, 1936.
B.
tridentacularia,
Verma, 1936.
B. gorgon, Linton,
1905.
7
B. carangis MacCal-
lum, 1917.
8
B.polymorphus Baer,
1827.
9
B. elegans Woodhead,
1930.
B. uranoscopi Yama-
guti, 1934.
B. aoria Verma, 1936, is not included in the Key as its description is based
on badly preserved specimens and its validity is still uncertain.
B. mytili Cole, 1935, is described from the larval form only and hence is
not included in the Key.
Genus—BUCHEPHALOPSIS (Diesing 1855) Nicoll, 1914.
BUCEPHALOPSIS BELONEA, N. SP.
Host—Belone strongylura V Hasselt.
Habitat—Intestine.
Locality—Allahabad.
Four specimens of this trematode were obtained from the intestine of one
out of a dozen specimens of the hosts examined at Allahabad. The
parasites are inversely pear-shaped with broadly rounded anterior end and
a narrow pointed posterior end. The body in permanent mounts measures
1.68 —2.5 in length and 0.82—1.2 in maximum breadth across the level
of the ovary. It is studded with very minute spines. The large anterior
sucker with a diameter of 0.3 — 0.4 is situated on the ventral surface at the
I
326
Gasterostomatous Parasites of Indian Food-Fishes
Fig. 4
Bucephalopsis belonea n. sp.
For ' Key to lettering ' please see Pp. 339-340.
328 Gasterostomatous Parasites of Indian Food-Fishes.
Fig. 5
Bucephalopsis garuai.
H. D.
SRIVASTAVA
329
In its systematic relationship the new species, B. belonea, stands nearest to
B. karvei. It resembles the latter in the shape of the body and the excretory
bladder, in the large size of the anterior sucker, relative positions of gonads,
pharynx, excretory and genital pores and the position and the extent of
vitellaria. B. belonea, however, differs from B. karvei in being twice the size
of the latter and with most of its internal structures four times or more the
size of those of the latter ; apart from marked differences in the anterior extent
of the cirrus sac which stops at the posterior level of the anterior testis.
Fig. 6.
Buccphalopsis garuai, Excretory system.
Length of body . . . .
Maximum breadth . . .
Anterior sucker . . . .
Specimens from
P. garua.
5.73—6.2
1.38—1.9
0.56— 0.69×
0.59—0.69
Specimens from
S. gangetica.
3.0—5.96
1.26—2.8
0.5—0.72×
0.48—0.72
BUCEPHALOPSIS GARUAI Verma, 1936.
Host—Silundia gangetica Cuv. and Val.
Habitat—Intestine.
Locality—Allahabad.
330 Gasterostomatous Parasites of Indian Food-Fishes
The author submitted a paper on the " Studies on the Gasterostomatous
parasites of Indian fresh-water fishes " to the Academy of Sciences, United
Provinces; India, on the 14th March 1935 which included the descriptions of
Bucephalus indicus, Bucephalus gangeticus and Bucephalopsis garuai Verma,
1936, and Bucephalopsis fusiformis Verma, 1936. But as Mr. Verma claimed
to have collected his material earlier than the author, the paper was with-
drawn.
The species B. garuai is represented in the author's collection by a large
number of specimens obtained from the gut of Silundia gangetica which was
found to be nearly always infested with these flukes. Often the infestation
was found to be very heavy. The number of specimens collected from a
single host varied from 20 to 860. The specimens from Silundia gangetica
resemble those from Pseudotropius garua described by Verma but for slight
differences in measurements as given on p. 329.
The author's specimens differ from Verma's in the number of vitelline
follicles and the anterior extent of vitellaria, in the shape of excretory bladder
and the absence of a muscular sphincter around the genital pore.
BUCEPHALOPSIS FUSIFORMIS, Verma, 1936.
Host—Eutropiichthys vacha Day.
Habitat—Intestine.
Locality—Allahabad.
The author collected a large number of specimens of this species from the
gut of Eutropiichthys vacha during the winter months of 1932 to 1935 at
Allahabad. The specimens in the author's collection resemble closely the
form described by Verma except for the differences in measurements as given
below:—
Text-fig. 7, p. 331.
Length . . . . .
Breadth . . . . .
Anterior sucker . . . .
Pharynx . . . . .
Intestine . . . . .
Anterior testis . . . . .
Posterior testis . . . .
Cirrus sac . . . . .
Ovary . . . . .
Eggs . . . . .
Author's specimens
1.36—4.0
0.3—0.88
0.16—0.26
0.058—0.12
0.17—0.34×
0.1—0.27
0.16—0.22
0.14—0.24
0.46—0.8×
0.08—0.14
0.12—0.28×
0.12—0.18
0.019—0.023×
0.011—0.015
Verma's specimens
1.24—2.52
0.39—0.84
0.17—0.24
0.07—0.08
0.21—0.46×
0.18—0.23
0.18—0.29×
0.17—0.26
0.16—0.25×
0.15—0.21
0.46—0.7×
0.1—0.14
0.14—0.21×
0.15—0.17
0.013—0.022 ×
0.008—0.02
H. D.
SRIVASTAVA
331
Fig. 7.
Bucephalopsis fusiformis.
For ' Key to lettering ' please see Pp. 339-340.
332 Gasterostomatous Parasites of Indian Food-Fishes
Fig. 8.
Bucephalopsis magnum.
Length
.
.
.
.
.
.
Breadth . . . . . .
Anterior sucker . . . . . .
Pharynx . . . . . .
Intestine . . . . . .
Ovary . . . . . .
Anterior testis . . . .
Posterior testis . . . .
Cirrus sac . . . . . .
Eggs
.
.
.
.
.
.
Author's specimens
3.92
2.18
0.66
0.24
0.64 × 0.34
0.32 × 0.3
0.5 × 0.34
0.4
0.9 × 0.16
(About one quarter
of body length.)
0.03 × 0.015
Verma's specimens
8.0—10.0
4.2—4.8
0.3—0.4
0.46—0.5
1.6 × 0.9
0.38
0.9—1.0
0.75 × 0.84
1.4—1.6×0.3—
0.45
(Less than one quar-
ter of body length.)
0.026—0.028×
0.016-0.028
H. D.
SRIVASTAVA
333
BUCEPHALOPSIS MAGNUM Verma, 1936.
Host—Silundia gangetica Cuv. and Val.
Habitat—Intestine.
Locality—Allahabad.
Only two specimens of this species were obtained from the intestine
of one out of more than 150 specimens of the hosts examined at Allahabad.
Besides the differences in the measurements of the specimens described by
Verma and those collected by the Author, the latter differ from the former
in the anterior extent and configuration of vitellaria and in the size and shape
of cirrus sac.
Bhalerao [1937] regards B. magnum, B. confusus and B. minimus Verma,
1936, as synonyms of B. garuai. From the study of the two specimens which
the author has in his collection he is inclined to accept B. magnum as a valid
species but he maintains that B. confusus and B. minimus are synonymous
with B. garuai.
Genus—PROSORHYNCHUS Odhner, 1905.
PROSORHYNCHUS MANTERI n. Sp.*
Host—Tetradon oblongus B1.
Habitat—Intestine.
Locality—Puri, Bay of Bengal.
This is a very common parasite in the duodenum and intestine of Tetradon
elongus B1. in the Bay of Bengal. A large number of specimens was collected
in July 1935. The parasite in the living condition, is capable of considerable
expansion and contraction but when fixed under the pressure of a cover-slip,
it assumes a fairly regular shape. The body is cylindrical with its anterior
end truncated and the posterior rounded. It is covered with small spines which
are more closely set anteriorly and become sparse towards the hinder end.
In permanent mounts the body measures 0.80 — 2.26 in length and 0.3 — 0.64
in maximum breadth.. At the anterior end is a prominent, plug-shaped
rhynchus measuring 0.1— 0.12 × 0.08—0.1 in size. The rhynchus has a
thin, muscular wall composed of parenchymatous and glandular cells and fine
muscle fibres. The prepharynx is extremely short. Pharynx is a conspi-
cuous structure measuring 0.05 — 0.1 × 0.05 — 0.1 in size and situated in the
median line at the junction of the first and second quarters of the body length.
It leads backwards through a short oesophagus, 0.012—0.06 long, into a bell-
shaped gut of 0.12—0.36 × 0.6—0.34 in size. Posteriorly the gut extends
up to the anterior margin of the ovary.
The two spherical or oval testes are situated one behind the other, to the
left of the median line, in the middle third of body length. The anterior
testis, measuring 0.16—0.5 × 0.18—0.56 in size, is separated from the
posterior testis by the descending coil of the uterus. The hinder testis,
0.12—0.48×0.18—0.5 in size, lies partly overlapping the anterior part of
the vesicula seminalis. The cirrus sac is 0.28 — 0.6 × 0.08 — 0.14 in size and
* The new species is named in honour of Dr. H. W. Manter, the well-known American
belminthologist.
K
334
Gasterostomatous Parasites of Indian Food-Fishes
encloses an oval vesicula seminalis, 0.05 — 0.1 × 0.034—0.04, an elongated,
tubular pars prostatica, 0.15 — 0.3 × 0.03—0.04, surrounded by gland cells
and a long ductus ejaculatorius, 0.03—0.04, which opens at the base of the
hook-shaped genital tongue. The genital sinus opens to the outside on the
ventral surface a little in front of the hinder end.
Fig. 9.
Prosorhynchus manteri n. sp