NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
161
Case V.—Adult ; ancemic.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. No. 5 + 150 serum, S.R.C.
Hæmolysis.
½ c.c.
„
,, ,,
+ 150 ,, No. 3.
=
Nil.
½ c c . • , ,No. 4
+ 20
,, No. 5.
=
Nil.
½ c.c. ,, ,, ,,
+
100
,, ,,
=
Nil.
½ c. c. ,, ,, ,,
+
250
,, , ,
=
Nil.
½ c.c. „ „ No. 3
+ 150 c.m. „
,,
=
Nil.
Case VI.—Adult ; European visitor to the Duars.
½ c.c. emuls corps. No. 4 + 20 c,m. serum No. 6
= Agglutination.
½ c.c. ,, ,, ,,
+ 100 c.m. „
,,
= Marked hæmolysis.
½ C.C. „ No. 6
+ 20 c.m.
„ S.R.C.
=
Nil.
½ c.c. „,,
,,
+ 100 c.m. „
,,
=
Nil.
½ c.c. ,, ,, ,,
+ 250 c.m. „
,,
=
Nil.
Case VII.—Adult ; enlarged spleen, Prisoner, Jalpaiguri jail.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. No. 7 + 150 c.m. serum, S. R. C. =
Slight hæmolysis agglu-
tination.
½ C.c. „ ,, „
+
150 c.m.
„
No. 8. =
Fair hæmolysis agglu-
tination.
½ c.c. ,, ,, ,,
+
150 c.m.
,,
No. 9 =
Nil.
Case VIII.—Adult ; no spleen; anemia ; prisoner, Jalpaiguri jail.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. No. 8 + 150 c.m. serum, S. R. C. =
Nil.
½ c. c.
,,
,,
, ,
+ 150 c.m. „
No. 7. =
Nil.
½ c.c.
,,
,,
, ,
+ 150 c.m. „ No. 9. =
Nil.
Case IX.—Adult ; slightly enlarged spleen; prisoner, Jalpaiguri jail.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. No. 9. + 150 c.m. serum, S. R. C. =
Complete hæmolysis.
½ c c.
„
,, ,,
+ 150 c.m.
„ No. 7 =
Slight
,,
½ c.c.
, , ,, ,,
+ 150 c.m.
„ No. 8. =
Complete
,,
Case X.—Adult ; no spleen ; has lived many years on an unhealthy garden in the Duars.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. No. 10 + 150 c.m. serum, S. R. C. =
Marked hæmolysis.
½ c.c. ,, ,, ,,
+ 100 c.m. „
C.A.B. =
,,
, ,
½ c.c.
„
,,
,,
+ 150 c.m. „
No. 3 =
Nil.
½ c . c . ,, ,, ,,
+ 150 c.m. ,,
No. 7 =
Marked hæmolysis
½ c.c.
„
,, ,,
+ 150 c.m. „
No. 8, =
,,
, ,
½ c.c. „ ,, „
+ 150 c.m. „
No. 9 =
Nil.
½ c.c.
,,
,,
, ,
+ 150 c.m. „ No. 11 =
Marked hæmolysis.
½ C.C.
,, ,,
+ 150 c.m. „
No. 12 =
Nil.
227 H. D.
2s
162
II.—Experiments to shew the existence of an anti-body in the serum of Class B
preventing hemolytic effect of class A serum upon Class B corpuscle but not. aggluti-
nation.
(a) Class B serum preventing the action of Class A serum against its own corpuscles.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. No. 109 + 100 c.m. serum, S.R. C. =
N e a r l y c o m p l e t e h æ m o y l s i s .
½ c c ,, ,, ,,
+
100 c.m. serum and
50 c.m. serum No. 10 = Trace of hæmolysls.
½ c.c. ,, ,, „
+
100 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
50 c.m. serum No. 10.
at 37 for 15 m.
=
Nil.
½ c.c. „ ,, No. 12
+ 20 c.m. serum, S. R. C. = Agglutination.
½ c . c .
,, ,,
, ,
+ 50 c.m. „
„
= Fair hæmolysis ; agglutination.
½ c. c. , , , , , ,
+ 100 c.m. „
„
= Marked hæmolysis.
½ c.c.
,,
,,
,,
+ 150 c.m. „
, ,
=
, ,
½ c . c . , , , , , ,
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
5 c.m. serum No. 12
at 37 for 15 m.
= Nearly complete hæmolysis.
½ c. c. „ ,,
,,
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
20 c.m. serum No. 12
at 37 for 15 m.
= Nil at first, but slight after
standing some time ; agglu-
tination.
½ c.c.
„
,,
,,
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
50 c.m. serum No. 12
at 37 for 15 m.
= No hæmolysis ; agglutination.
(b) Class B. serum preventing the action of Class A. serum against other Class B. corpuscles.
½ cc. emuls. corps. No. 10 + 150 c.m. serum S.R.C.
= Nearly complete hæmolysis.
½ c . c . , , ,, ,,
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
150 c.m. serum No. 12
at 37 for 15m.
= No hæmolysis ; agglutination.
½ c. c. ,, ,, „
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
50 c.m. serum No. 12
at 37 for 15 m.
= „
,, ,,
½ c. c. ,, ,, ,,
+
150 serum, S. R. C.
20 c.m. serum No, 12
at 37 for 15 m.
= Slight hæmolysis ; agglutina-
tion.
½ c.c. „ ,, ,,
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
5 c.m. serum No. 12
at 37 for 15 m.
= Fair hæmolysis ; agglutina-
tion.
III.—Experiments to shew that the hemolytic action of Class A serum upon Class
B corpuscles is destroyed by heating to 55°.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. No. 10 + 150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. = Nearly complete hæ molysis.
½ c.c. ,,
,,
,,
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
h eated to 55 for 36 m. =
Nil.
½ c.c. „ ,, No. 3
+ 150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. = Complete hæmolysis.
½ c.c.
,,
,,
, ,
+ 150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
heated to 55 for 20 m
=
Nil.
163
IV —Experiments to ascertain whether he hæmoly is effect of Class A serum
upon Class B corpuscles of isotonic is due to the addition of complement.
Experiment I.
Serum of No. 18 series (strong Class A) + corpuscles of C (susceptible) kept on ice for
1 hour. The supernatant fluid and corpuscles being then rapidly separated by centrifugaling.
Supernatant fluid
+ Corps. C
= Trace of hæmolysis only.
Corps. separated by centri-
fugalisation.
+ Serum No. 23 series 2
(Class B).
= Nil.
Ditto
+ Serum No. 13 series 2
(Class A.)
= Marked hæmolysis.
Experiment II.
Serum S.R.C. (Class A) corpuscles 23 series 2 (suscept.) kept on ice for 1 hour. Super-
natant fluid rapidly separated.
Supernatant fluid
+ Corps. 23 series 2
= Nil.
Corpuscles
+ Serum 23 series 22
= Nil.
The amboceptor appears to have been removed by B corpuscles from the A serum.
•
Experiment III.
6. c.c. salt solution +.6 c.m., S. R. C. serum placed on ice. When cooled to 0°, added
excess of corpuscles 33 series (susceptible) Left on ice for 1 hour and pipette off clear
fluid left by settlement of the corpuscles.
Control -3 c.c. salt
+ 150 c.m. S.R.C. serum left on ice for 1 hour.
Supernatant fluid
+ corps. No. 33 series 2
= Nil.
Control
+
„ ,,., 33 series 2
= Complete hæmolysis.
Inactivated S.R.C. serum
+ experimental fluid and
corps. No. 33 series 2
= Distinct hæmolysis.
Complement appears to be still present after digestion at 0º with excess of susceptible
cells.
These experiments are-therefore in favour of the view that the hæmolytic effect is due to
an isolysin in Class A bloods acting upon class B corpuscles.
V.—Experiments to shew that there is no ambcceptor in Class B serum capable of
being bound by Class A corpuscles.
Experiment I.
Kept at 0°C for 2 hours
corpuscles washed and
left in Class A. serum
37°C.
50 c.m. serum No. 10 series 1 + S.R.C. corps. contained
in ½c . c . e m u l s i o n
= Nil.
50 c.m.
,,
,, ,,
+ S.R.C. corps. contained
in 1/3 c.c. emulsion = Nil.
50 can.
,,
,,
+ S.R.C. corps. contained
in 1 c.c. emulsion = Nil.
50 c.m.
„
„
+ S.R.C. corps. contained
in 11/3 c.c. emulsion = N i l .
164
Experiment II.
Corps., S.R.
C.
+ Pure serum anæmic coolie
with susceptible corps.
centifugalised and corps.
washed.
= Nil.
Washed treated corps.
+ 150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
= No hæmolysis.
VI.—Experiments to shew that Antibody acts be(ter against the isolytic serum than
as a protective body to corpuscles.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. 10 serum
50 c.m. serum 12 serum I
+ 150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
= Fair hæmolysis
½ c.c. emuls. corps. 10 serum I
+ 150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
50 c.m. serum, No. 12
at 37 for 15 m.
= Nil.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. 12 serum I
50 c.m. serum 12 serum I
+ 150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
= Slight hæmolysis.
½ c.c. emuls. corps. 12 serum I
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
50 c.m. ser. No. 12 at
37 for 15 m.
= Nil.
c.c. emuls. corps. anæmic
coolie.
20 c.m. emuls. corps. anæmic
coolie.
+ 150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
= Slight hæmolysis.
c.c. emuls. corps. anæmic
coolie.
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
20 can. serum anæmic
coolie.
=
Nil.
VII.—Experiments to shew that Antibody is not destroyed by heating to 55° C.
½ c.c. emuls. corps.10 serum I
+ 150 c.m., S.R.C. serum
=Nearly complete hæmo.
lysis.
½ c.c.
„
,,
,,
,,
I
+
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. 1
100 c.m. serum No.12 in-
activated at 37 for 15 m.
=
Nil.
VIII.—To show that there is a binding by susceptible corpuscles of substances in
Class A serum when these are too small in amount produce hæmolysis.
.4 c.c. of a 4 per cent. emuls.
+ 150 c.m. serum, Class A
= No hæmolysis aggluti-
nation.
Allowed to remain at 37° for 15 m. centrifuged and corpuscles shaken up in .4 c.c. fresh -9
per cent. salt.
.4 c.c. of a 4 per cent. emuls.
treated corpuscles
+ 150 c.m. serum, Class A
= Hæmolysis.
Control
+ 150 c.m. serum, Class A.
= No hæmolysis.
165
IX.—To show that the amount of hæmolysis is dependent on : —
(a)
d i l u t i o n o f t h e s e r u m ;
(a)
(b)
a m o u n t o f c o r p u s c l e s .
.4 c.c. of a 2% emuls. corps. + 150 c.m. serum Class A =
F a i r h æ m o l y s i s .
.4 c.c. „ 2% „ „
+ 300 „
„
„ = Rapid and nearly complete hæmolysis.
.4 c.c. „ 4% „ „
+
150 „
„
„ „ = Agglutination only.
.1 c.c. „ 2% „ „
+
150 „
„
„ „ = Complete hæmolysis.
.1 c.c. ,, 2% „
,,
plus
+
150 „ „ ,, = Nearly complete but delayed.
.4 c.c. „ .9% salt.
X.—Experiments to shew uniformity of behaviour of Class A and Class B bloods to
one another.
Series 2. European soldiers six weeks in India.
150 c.m.
serum.
Emulsion of washed corpuscles in .9 per cent. salt.
1
2
3
4
5 6
7
8
9
10
11
12
S.R.C.
S.R.C.
Nil
H
h
Nil
h
Nil
H
H
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
1
..
H
. .
. .
. .
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
2
..
. .
. .
..
. .
Nil
. .
..
. .
..
..
. .
. .
3
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
..
. .
..
..
4
..
..
. .
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
..
5
..
..
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
..
6
Nil
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
..
..
..
7
Nil.
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
8
Nil
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
9
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
10
. .
••
. .
. .
h
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
. .
..
..
11
. .
. .
. .
. .
h
..
. .
..
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
12
..
. . ..
. . h
Nil
. .
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
..
Action of the above sera upon washed corpuscles of " C " a Class B native blood.
—
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 S.R.C.
150
c.m.
serum ½
c.c. emuls.
corps. "C. "
H
Nil. h
h
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
H
H
H
H
H
Class
..
A
B B
A
B
A
B B
A
A
A
A
A
227 H. D.
2T
166
150 c.m.
serum.
½ c.c. emulsion of washed corpuscles in .9 per cent, salt. Bloods 13 to 24.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24 C.A.B.
S.R.C.
. .
h
h
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
h
H
h
Nil
13
. .
..
Nil
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
14
..
. .
. .
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
Nil
. .
. .
. .
..
15
h
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
16
. .
. .
Nil
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
h
Nil
. .
17
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
Nil
. .
H
H
H
. .
18
H
H
Nil
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
H
. .
. .
19
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
H
. .
Nil
20
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
H
. .
. .
..
21
H
. .
Nil
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
Nil
22
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
23
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
..
. .
..
..
. .
. .
. .
.
24
Nil
. .
..
. .
..
. .
. .
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
Action of sera upon washed corpuscles of " C" a Class B, native blood.
—
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24 C.A.B.
150 c.m.
ser.
½ c.c. emul.
corps. "C."
h
h
H
H
H
H
H
h
H
h
Nil
Nil
H
Class
..
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
167
150 c.m.
serum
S.R.C.
150 c.m.
serum
C.A.B
—
½ c.c.
emul.
corps. C.
½ c.c. emul. corp. of
25 H
. .
150 c.m. serum of
25 Nil.
„
„
„
26 Nil
. .
„
„
26 Nil.
„ „
„
27 Nil
..
„„
27 Nil.
„
„
„
28
..
h
„ „
28 Nil.
„
„
„
29 Nil
Nil
„ „
29
h
„
„
„
30 Nil
. .
„
„ 30
h
„
„
„
31 Nil
. .
„ „
31
H
„
„
„
32
. .
Nil
„ „
32
h
„
„
„
33 H
H
„
„
33 Nil.
„
„
„
34
. .
Nil
„ „
34
h
„ „
„
35 H
. .
„ „
35
h
„
„
„
36 Nil
. .
„
„
36 Nil.
„
„
„
37 H
. .
„
„
37 Nil.
„
„
„
38 H
. .
„
„
38 Nil.
„
„
„
39 Nil.
. .
„ „
39 Nil.
„
„
„
40 H
. .
„ „
40 Nil.
„
„
„
41 h
. .
„ „
41 Nil.
„
„
„
42 H
..
„ „
42 Nil.
„
„
„
43 Nil
..
„ „
4 3
. .
„
„
„
44 Nil
..
„ „
44
. .
„
„
„
45 Nil
..
„ „
45
. .
„
„
„
46 Nil
..
„ „
46
. .
„
„ „
47 H
. .
„
„
47
. .
„
„
„
48
H
..
„ „
48
. .
„
„
„
49 H
. .
„ „
49
. .
168
Series 3 European sailors.
150 c.m. Serum.
½ c.c. emulsion washed corpuscles.
1
2
3
4
5
6
S. R. C.
..
. .
Nil
h
Nil
H
h
h
C. A. B.
..
Nil
h
Nil
H
h
H
10 series 4
. .
Nil
H
Nil
H
. .
. .
12 series 4
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
H
. .
I
. .
. .
. .
. .
h
..
. .
2 series 4
..
. .
..
..
h
. .
. .
4 series 4
..
. .
. .
. .
H
. .
. .
9 series 4
. .
. .
. .
. .
h
. .
..
Action of the Sera upon washed corpuscles of " C. "
150 c.m. serum
1
2
3
4
5
½ c.c. emuls.
corps. "C."
h
Nil
H
H
Nil
Class
..
A
B
A
?
B
Details of Blood No. 4—
½ c.c. emuls. corps. 4 +
150 serum 1
=
N i l
50 serum 4
at 37 for 15. m.
½ c.c. „ „ 4 +
150 serum 1
= Marked hæmolysis.
½ c.c. „ „ 5 +
150 serum 1
=
Nil
50 serum 4
at 37 for 15 m.
½ c.c. „ „ 5 +
150 serum 1
= Slight hæmolysis.
½ c.c. „ „ 7 + 150 serum 4
= Fair hæmolysis.
Blood 4 is susceptible to A sera and has antibody against these but it is also
isolitic to certain B corpuscles.
169
Series 4 :—
Long term prisoners in Calcutta Presidency Jail.
½ c.c. emuls.
corps.
150 c.m. serum of
150 c.m.
serum.
½ c.c. emuls.
corps. C.
S.R.C.
C.A.B.
No. 2
series 3.
3
20
1
H
..
..
. .
. .
1
Nil.
2
Nil
. .
..
..
. .
2
H
3
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
3
H
4
Nil
. .
h
. .
.
4
H
5
H
. .
h
. .
. .
5
Nil.
6
H
..
Nil
..
..
6
Nil.
7
H
. .
h
. .
. .
7
Nil.
8
Nil
. .
Nil
..
. .
8
H
9
. .
Nil
Nil
Nil
..
9
H
10
..
Nil
. .
Nil
..
10
H
11
. .
H
. .
H
. .
11
Nil.
12
. .
. .
. .
Nil
. .
12
H
13
h
. .
..
. .
. .
13
Nil.
14
H
Nil
. . ..
. .
14
Nil.
15
H
h
..
..
. .
15
Nil.
16
h
Nil
..
. .
..
16
Nil.
17
H
h
..
. .
. .
17
Nil.
18
H
h
. .
. .
. .
18
Nil.
19
. .
H
. .
..
H
19
Nil.
20
Nil
Nil
..
..
..
20
H
21
H
Nil
. .
. .
. .
21
Nil.
22
Nil
Nil
. .
. .
..
22
H
23
Nil
Nil
. .
. .
..
23
Nil.
227 H.D.
2U
170
Series 4.—contd.
½ c c. emuls. corps.
150 cm. serum of
150 c.m.
serum.
½ c.c. emul.
corps. C.
S.R.C. C.A.B.
24
27
29
30
24
h
..
..
Nil
Nil
Nil
24
h
25
h
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
25
Nil.
26
h
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
26
Nil.
27
H
H
h
..
..
. .
27
Nil.
28
H
Nil
. .
. .
. .
. .
28
Nil.
29
H
h
Nil.
. .
. .
. .
29
h
30
H
h
h
. .
. .
. .
30
Nil.
31
h
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
31
Nil.
32
h
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
32
Nil.
33
H
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
33
Nil.
34
H
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
34
Nil.
35
h
. .
..
..
. .
..
35
h
XI—Condition of Blood in Residents of the Duars.
Series 5 :—
½ c.c. emuls. corps.
150 c.m.
serum
S.R.C.
150 c.m.
serum
I.
150 c.m.
serum
C.A.B.
Antibody.
1. Babu, 24 years' resident .. Nil
. .
..
2. Babu, 2 years' resident .. H
..
. .
. .
3. Babu, 1 year's resident .. H
.. H
.. Agg. ..
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.)
20 c.m. 3
at 37°C. for 15 m.
+ corps. 3
nil.
4. European, 5 years' resident H
. .
. . Agg.
. .
5. Babu, six month's resident H
..
. . Agg.
6. Babu, many years' resident H
. .
. .
. .
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
50 c.m. serum C.A.B.
at 37°C. for 15 m.
+ corps 3=H.
7. European, 25 years' resident Nil
..
. .
. .
150 c.m. serum 7 + corps. 8=No H.
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C.
150 c.m. serum 7.
at 57°C. for 15 m.
+ corps. 8=
H.
8. European, 13 years' resident
3 attacks of Black-water
Fever.
H
. .
..
..
9. European new arrival
.. Nil
.. Nil
.. Nil
..
171
Series 6 :—
½ c . c . e m u l s . c o r p s .
150 c.m.
serum, SRC
150 c.m.
serum 3
150 c.m.
serum 7
Antibody.
1. Babu, 26 years' resident .. H
..
..
. . .
2. Babu, 20 years' resident .. H
..
..
. .
3. Babu, 4 years' resident .. H
. .
. .
..
4. Babu, from birth .. .. Nil ..
..
. . 150 serum 7
+ corps. 6=H.
150 c.m. serum 4
at 37°C. for 15m.
5. European, 6 years' resident H
..
..
. .
6. European,10 months' resident H
.. Nil .. H
150 cm. serum 7 +corps. 6=H.
50 (serum 6)
150 cm. serum 7 + corps. 6= h.
150 cm. serum 6
at 37°C. for 15 m.
7. European, 13 years' resident,
Black-Water Fever 1 year
ago, taking 5 grs. quinine
daily for last 6 months.
Nil ..
. .
. .
8. European, 12 years' resident Nil ..
. .
. .
9. European, 4 months' resident H
. .
..
. . 200 c.m. serum, S.R.C. + corps. 9= nil.
50 c.m. serum 9
at 37 for 15 m.
10. European, 1 year's resident H
. .
. .
. . 200 c.m. serum, S.R.C. + corps. 9=nil.
50 c.m. serum 10
at 37 for 15 m.
Ditto + corps. 5
series 7.
=H.
11. European, 5 months' resident
Contracted severe malaria 1st
fortnight. Anæmic.
H
. .
..
. .
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. + corps. 11=H
50 c.m. serum 11
at 73 for 15 m.
12. European, 18 months after
return from home. Five
months at Neora Ndy. Seedy,
having fever.
H
. .
. .
..
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. + corps. 12=H.
Some delay.
50 c.m. serum 12
at 47 for 15 m.
150 c.m. serum S.R.C. + corps 12=H.
Some delay.
100 c.m. serum 12
at 37 for 15 m.
13. Babu 5 years' resident.
Case 20. Four months after
attack.
H
. .
. .
. .
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. + corps. 13=H.
20 c.m. serum 13
at 37 for 15m.
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. + corps. =Nil.
100 c.m. serum 13
at 37 for 15 m.
14. Europeans, old resident
H
. .
. .
. .
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. + corps. 14=H.
20 c.m. serum 14
at 37 for 15 m.
150 c.m. serum, S.R.C. +corps. 14 =Nil.
50 c.m. serum 14
at 37 for 15 m.
172
Series 7 :—
XII.—Condition of Blood in Native children.
½ c.c. emuls. corps.
150 c.m.
serum
S.R.C.
Antibody.
1. Child, 1 month's resident. Fever S. T.
parasites. No enlargement spleen.
H
....
2. Child, 3 months' resident. Fever. Quartan.
No enlargement spleen.
Nil.
....
3. Child, 1 month's resident. Spleen palp. ..
H
....
4. Child, 1 month's resident. Enlargement
spleen.
H
....
5. Child, 3 months' resident. Enlargement
spleen.
H200 c.m. ser., S.R.C.
50 c.m. ser. 5
at 37 for 15 m.
+ corps. 5= Nil.
6. Child, born in Duars. Very large spleen ..
H
....
XIII.—Condition of Blood in Native Coolie. Strong Antibody.
1. Coolie. Intense anæmia. Ascites. Dropsy
of legs. Quartan parasites.
H
150 c.m. ser., S.R.C.
100 c.m. ser. 1
at 37 for 15m.
+ corps. 1=No H Agg.
150 c.m. ser., S.R.C.
10 c.m. ser. 1
at 37 for 15 m.
+corps 1=H after
some hours.
150 c.m. ser., S.R.C.
2 c.m. ser. 1
at 37 for 15 m.
+corps 1=H after
some hours.
To show that Class A blood may be associated with intense anœmia.
1. Coolie, intensely anæmic ; œdema of face. Anchylostome ova in fæces :—
½ c.c. emuls. corps.+150 c.m. ser., S. R. C. =No hæmolysis, no agglutination.
Ditto +300 c.m. ser., S. R. C. = Ditto.
Washed corps. +Undiluted ser., S. R C. = Ditto.
173
We have therefore a condition (A) seen in health, characterised by insuscep-
tible corpuscles together with the presence of a natural hæmolysin, amboceptor
plus complement, in the blood of the same person. This hmolysin acts upon
the susceptible red cells of other persons, therefore it is an isolysin.
On the other hand we have a condition (B) in which the red blood corpuscles
are susceptible to the isolysin referred to above. In this case there is not only
an absence of isolysins directed against any of this (B) or the other class A blood,
but there also exists in different degrees a powerful antibody, which appears to
be of the nature of an anti-complement or anti-amboceptor directed against
the complementophile group of the amboceptor. This antibody can neutralise
the action of serum of class (A) upon susceptible corpuscles of class (B).
The exceptions to this general rule may be mostly embraced under the fol-
owing additional generalisations :—
(1) A class (A) blood may possess little or no isolytic action. Examples
of such bloods are No. 6 in series 2.
But very often if these sera are tested against very susceptible corpuscles
they will give evidence of isolytic action.
( 2 ) T h e s e r u m o f a n o t v e r y s u s c e p t i b l e c l a s s ( B ) b l o o d m a y a c t u p o n t h e
corpuscles of a very susceptible (B) blood. An example is seen in
No. 3 series 2.
In only one instance No. 4 series 3 have we met a condition apparently
diametrically opposed to the general rule.
Here not only were the corpuscles very susceptible, but the serum also
acted upon class (B) corpuscles.
We appeared here to have a special isolysin in association with a blood of
class B.
These facts appear to us to have some bearing upon the question of the
existence of autolysins, for we have an isolysin which from its frequency in quite
healthy conditions seems to be of physiological significance. For some reason
many persons possess red cells which are susceptible to this isolysin and almost
invariably the organism seems to have protected itself in these cases by the pro-
duction of antibody, which will neutralise the isolysin.
But it is improbable that the organism would produce an antibody directed
against a hæmolysin to which it had never been exposed so that the very exis-
tence of this anti-body suggests the previous action on the blood of a hæmolysin
227 H. D.
2X
174
with cytophile and complementophile groups similar to those of the isolysins
present in the serum of class A bloods.
Our experiments show that the re-actions are not dependent upon race, age,
sex, or upon the existence of mere anæmia. They also show that the condition
is not a transient one but remains the same in any individual case for long
periods.
That class A is the normal condition is suggested by the fact that six Euro-
opean visitors all had class A blood, and in one case of class B blood we have
seen a slowly diminished susceptibility follow quinine treatment and recovery
from a condition of marked malarial anæmia.
But the number of persons with class B blood seems to preclude any direct
relation to malaria.
Nevertheless as will be seen from the following observations there is a remark-
able preponderance of class B over class A bloods among European residents
in the Duars.
Table XIV .—Showing the relative frequency of class A and class B blood in
various communities.
Class A.
Class B.
Non-resident Europeans who there is every reason to believe have not
recently suffered from malaria or been exposed to infection.
6
. .
Europeans, resident 3 months to 5 years in the Duars suspected or known to
have suffered from malaria recently or to have been exposed to infection.
. .
13
Europeans, over 5 years' resident in the Duars, many of whom are known to
eposed to infection.
5
11
Europeans, resident in the Duars little exposed to infection, apparently in
good health, taking quinine or otherwise escaping malaria.
4
2
Babus, new-comers and old residents in the Duars in various conditions as
regards health.
6
18
Other native residents of different races including Chinamen, Paharias
Sikh, and Beharis.
4
3
Chota Nagpuri coolies in the Duars resident 1—3 years ..
..
..
2
3
Natives in Jalpaiguri ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
9
J
175
Class A.
Class B.
English Soldiers, Calcutta
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
23
26
English Sailors, Calcutta
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
2
4
Natives, Calcutta Jail
..
..
..
..
. .
..
7
28
Europeans, resident in the Duars
..
..
..
. .
..
9
26
Europeans, non-resident in the Duars
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
31
30
Natives, resident in the Duars
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
14
33
Natives, non-resident in the Duars
..
..
. .
. .
. .
17
28
In our experiments we have laid stress on the occurrence of hæmolysis,
but the observations apply equally to agglutination so that in the vast
majority of cases if we know with what class of blood we are dealing we can
deduce whether or not, in any given case, agglutination will occur. It is
obvious that work such as that of Capograssi's who investigated the agglutinating
action of the sera of malarial subjects must be enormously modified by know-
ledge of the facts we have set forth.
Whether these facts have any relation to the conditions which give rise to
Black-water Fever we are unable to say. The change from a state of
class A to one of class B blood seems to us to be fraught with possible danger, and
residence under Black-water Fever conditions seems associated with the occur-
rence of this change. In Europeans also the amount of anti-hæmolysin present
under the conditions we have investigated is much less than that usually found
in natives, especially those with the most markedly susceptible corpuscles.
At present the most important application of these results is that, in at-
tempting to demonstrate hæmolysins in disease, it is necessary to give due con-
sideration to the conditions we have indicated.