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Total
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3,476 0 6
1
—
Jail
Actually drawn from treasury
Total
633 1 0
268 11 3
1,172 5 7
Actually drawn from treasury
Total
329 5 9
341 1 9
to treasury
111
219 15 0
Total actual cost, after deducting receipts
from paying patients
..
..
io,oi6 8 11
———
Statement No. 10.—Showing the sanctioned Establishment of the Tezpur Lunatic Asylum as it stood on the Slst December 1892.
1
2
3
Remaiks.
Establishment.
Number.
Monthly wages.
\
Rs. a. p.
-
Superintendent
...
1
ICO 0 0
Overseer ...
...
1
62 8 0
Jemadar ...
...
1
17 0 0
Daily average number of males
79-29
Compound er
...
1
12 0 0
Ditto
ditto
females
3331
Male keepers
...
8
80 0 0
f Jemadars to males
79-29
Female keepers
...
3
30 0 0
1
Proportion oN Male keepers to males ...
9-91
Ghaukid&r...
...
9 0 0
1 Female keepers to females
11-10
Ditto ...
...
8 0 0
Sweeper...
...
12 0 0
Barber
•••
••«
•••
•••
4 0 0
Gardener ...
10 0 0
Total
•••
k•«
••■
•••
20
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Value of raw materials in store at end
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Value of manufactured goods in store
at end of the year.
sr
Value of plnnt and machinery in store
at end of the year.
Total credits.
Value of manufactured goods in store
on 1st January.
Value of raw materials in store on 1st
January.
Value of plant and machinery in store
on 1st January.
Tiaw materials purchased and all other
charges.
w
Continpenc'es of manufacture, vit., in-
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07
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No. 163T.
FROM
SURGEON-COLONEL C. P. COSTELLQ, P.R.C.S.W.,
Principal Medical Officer and Sanitary Commissioner, Assam,
To
THE SECRETARY TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF ASSAM.
Camp Tezpur } the 5th February 1893.
SIB,
I beg to submit the Annual Report and Returns of the Tezpur Lunatic
Asylum for the year 1802, together with a copy of my inspection remarks on
this Asylum written on 2nd February 1893. As these remarks review all the points
requiring action, there is no occasion to add any further remarks here.
2. In accordance with Government of India Home Department letter No. 329,
dated the 6th June 1892, the construction of two new worksheds (one for males and
the other for females) has been sanctioned with the object of providing suitable and
sufficient employment under shelter to the inmates of the Asylum, as referred to in my
inspection remarks.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient Servant,
C. P. COSTELLO, Swyeon.Colonel,
Principal Medical Officer, and
Sanitary Commisxioner, Assam.
s
Items.
Causes of deaths
Chief sickness causes ■ ,,
Discharged cured each year
Percentage of average strength ...
Relieved and made over to friends...
Per cent, of ditto
Escapes ...
...
Percentage of escapes on average
strength
Recaptures
Expenditure
Average cost per head yearly
Income ...
..#
Sources of income
1890.
2 dysentery, 2 debi-
lity, 1 anaemia, 1
dropsy, 2 pleurisy,
1 diarrhoea.
Debility, ague, and
chest complaints in
the order men-
tioned.
0
5-42
7
6-32
2 (one
much improved).
1-80
Rs.
3?
»
8,325-2-3
75-3-9
1,053-4-6
1891.
Cholera 5, dysentery
5, epilepsy 1, pleuro-
pneumonia 4, bron-
chitis 2, and dropsy
I.
Cholera, bowel-com-
plaints, ague and
chest complaints
in the order men-
tioned.
17
14*20
19
15-96
2 (one
improved).
1*67
1892.
Earnings per cent, of average
strength
...
o
• ■•
Chief causes of insanity
Manufacture
Depart-
ment Rs. 206-15-0
Value of
gar den
produc e
used
for Asy-
lum ... 846-5-6
Total ...1,053-4-6
Rs. 9,536-14-4
79-11-3
958-14-0
Phthisis 2, pleuro-
pneumonia 1, dy-
sentery 1, and epi-
lepsy 1.
Bowol-compla i n t s ,
ague, and chest
affections in the
order mentioned.
14
13-32
22
19-59
?)
3)
Manufac -
ture De-
partment Rs. 150-9-0
Value of
gar den
produce.
Rs. 808-5-0
Total ... 958-14-0
The result of </a«/a-smoking, fee. ...
Ditto
of opium-smoking and
eating ...
Ditto
alcoholic drinks
Moral causes and with epileptic
history
Rs.
9-8-3
Crania-smoking, use
of bhang, opium-
eating and smo-
king, moral causes,
and
hereditary
causes. &c.
21
9
11
Grief 13, anger 8,
fear 1, jealousy 3,
and epilepsy 6.
3 (one
improved*),
2'66
None.
Rs. 10,016-8-11
„
88-13-lOf
„ 1,123-10-0
Reali s e d
from pay-
ing pa-
tients Rs. 219-15-0
Manufac -
ture De-
p a r t -
ment Rs. 88-12-0
Garden
pr o due e
Rs. 814-15-0
Rs. 8-0-2
Total Rs. 1,123-10-0
Rs. 9-15-7
28
12
12
Grief 12, anger 2,
fear 2, jealousy 4,
and epilepsy 9.
31
8
9
Grief 7, anger 2,
fear 1, jealousy 4,
and epilepsy 1.0.
• All non-criminal and harmless luuatics.
t The increased expenditure was on account ol the luffloltut clothing provided, vxdt Principal Medical Ofnc#r'» inspection remarks dated
the JJna February 1802.
I strongly recommend that the warrant medical officer, as Deputy Superintendent
and Assistant Medical Officer of this As)lum, mentioned in Government of India, Home
Department letter to the Chief Commissioner, No. 280, dated the 21st May 1892, and
advised in my office letter No. 2103C, dated the 27th June 1892, may be appointed
as soon as possible, so as to carry on the work with more satisfactory result than is done
at present during the frequent absences on duty in the district of the Superintendent, and
I think that the remarks which I have had to make above as a result of my present
inspection will show how necessary such an officer is for this Asylum. The non-appoint-
ment of such an officer up to this, does not, however, in any way excuse the want of
strict supervision and the trusting too much to subordinates on the part of the Superintend-
ent, which has been above noted. The Superintendent should be acquainted with ever) 7
important detail of the Asylum, and should not be dependent on inferior officials for
his mastery and knowledge of the same. He should also be strong enough to have his
orders obeyed.
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THE
TEZPUE LUNATIC ASYLUM
Tl
FOR THE YEAR
1892,
SHILLONG:
PRINTED AT THE ASSAM SECRETARIAT PRINTING OFFICE.
1893.
Price One Rupee.
Ul
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THK
TEZPUR LUNATIC ASYLUM
FOR THE YEAR
1893,
SH1LLONG :
PRINTED AT THE ASSAM SECRETARIAT PRINTING OFFICE
1894.
Price One Rupee.
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THE
TEZPUR LUNATIC ASYLUM
FOR THE YEAR
1893.
SHILLONG:
PRINTED AT THE ASSAM SECRETARIAT PRINTING OFFICE.
1894.
Price One Rupee.
FROM
TV
To
SHILLONG
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ASSAM SECRETARIAT
PRINTING DEPARTMENT.
blK,
Luna
of Inc
toget]
Decei
separ
<latec
No. 103T.
FROM
SURGEON-COLONEL W. P. WARBURTON, M.D.,
Offg. Principal Medical Officer and Sanitary Commissioner, Assam,
rp To
THE SECRETARY TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF ASSAM.
Dated Camp Manipur, the 1st February 1894.
SIR,
I IIAVE the honour to submit the Annual Report and Returns of the Tezpur
Lunatic Asylum for the year 1893, in the revised form, in accordance with Government
of India Home Department Resolution No. 8Medl.—398, dated the 13th July 1893,
together with a copy of my inspection remarks on the Asylum written on the 1st
December 1893. These remarks comprise all the points which require action, and were
separately referred for the Chief Commissioner's consideration in my letter No. 78C,
dated the 16th January 1894, and I have nothing further to add now.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient Servant,
W. P. WARBURTON, M.D., Surgeon-Colonel,
0\f(j. Principal Medical Officer and Sanitary Commissioner, Assam.
m
INSPECTION REMARKS on the Tezpur Lunatic Asylum by Surgeon-Colonel
W. P. WAKBURTON, Offg. Principal Medical Officer and Sanitary Commissioner)
Assam, daUd the 1st December 1803.
INSPECTED this Asylum to-day, accompanied by Surgeon-Major-General Rice,
Surgeon General with the Government of India, and the Superintendent, Surgeon-Major
Macnamara.
There are 99 inmates, of whom 71 arc males and 29 females, while there is
accommodation for 118. There are 19 male and 3 female criminal lunatics, and.
there are—
Ex-garden coolies
Other foreigners
Assamese
27
20
52
There were two in hospital, one a case of prolapsus ani, and the other of dropsy.
The inmates were all well and warmly clothed, and, with few exceptions, presented
the appearance of being well fed, while the food, which had just been cooked for issue,
was of excellent quality and well cooked.
The mortality during the year has been 15, as compared with 5 in 1892, the causes
bavin IT been—
Dysentery
Diarrhaaa
Lung affections
Epilepsy
Kidney affection
Oancrum oris
Anaemia
Suicide
o
O
3
1
1
2
a
l
Total
15
I find, however, that these figures do not represent the real mortality, for in 1892
19 patients were sent to the charitable dispensary, of whom 17 died, while during the
present year 11 were sent there, of whom 10 died, none of these deaths having been
recorded in the Asylum returns ; and this, I understand, has always been the custom
thus rendering the mortality statistics unreliable and valueless. Such cases will be
accounted for in the return of the present year, and in future the practice of sending
patients to the dispensary discontinued.
The wards, hospital, recreation shed, latrines, and compound are all scrupulously
clean and in good order. The plan of doing without utensils and covering the floors of
the day and night-latrines with dry earth and changing it each morning is excellent and
worthy of imitation in other institutions. The dry earth might also with advantage be
spread over the floors of the sleeping wards, which, though clean, are more or less damp
B
Tezpu r |
•m thj
a third
I to bj
•• The!
. TheL
outside
of the
Jcedirifr
en years
The following statement shows how the persons admitted were disposed of :
laici.
1892.
Average of previous 1 ,on years.
Male.
Female.
Total.
13
Male.
10
Female.
4
Total.
14
Male.
Female.
Total,
Cured, total
11
2
8-3
2-2
10-5
Cured per cent of total population
14-98
6-92
12-70
12-61
12-00
12-43
15-03
12-22
13-99
Cured percent, of admissions ...
45-83
18-18
37-14
33-33
30-76
3255
34-54
35 69
34-39
Made over to friends—
Improved
8
6
14
11
7
18
3-0
0-5
3-5
Not improved ...
3
...
3
3
1
4
1-8
0-4
2-2
Died,total
10
5
15
5
...
5
6-3
2-5
8-8
Died, per cent of average popula-
tion
13-62
17-31
14-66
6-30
...
4-44
15-97
13-88
1115
Died, per cent, of admissions ...
41-66
45-45
42-85
16-66
...
11-62
23-55
38-77
26-18
11. The following statement compares the nationality of the inmates for the past two
years, with the average of each class of previous ten years:
1893.
1892.
Average of previous ten years.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Natives of Assam ...
Imported coolies ...
Free immigrants
Unknown
CO CO CO
3
6
2
11
14
10
9
18
3
4
9
13
13
27
3
...
12-5
6-7
5-3
0-7
2-6
3-7
0-7
0-5
15-1
10-4
6-0
1-2
Total ...
24
11
or
35
30
43
25-1
7-4
32-5
a non-
)ing on
lie, and
'tion of
id.
hey are
jscaped
ge was
3 of the
Imitted
i years,
Of the 571 inmates admitted since the Asylum was opened, 273 were na
Assam, 283 were foreigners, and of 15 the birthplace was unknown.
At the end of the year under review there remained—
tives of
...
• ••
C Imported coolies
(^ Free immigrants
...
•••
...
...
Male.
Female.
Total.
Natives of Assam
Other provinces
40
19
12
14
11
2
54
3G
14
Total
71
27
98
Tota
35
43
32-5
e have
Of the 43 lunatics admitted in 1892, no less than 26 were tea-garden coolies. Of
the. 35 total admissions for 1893, only 12 were tea-garden coolies. Whether such inmates
should be paid for out of the Inland Labour Transport Fund or not has not yet been
decided, I understand this point is under the consideration of the Local Government.
12. (a) The following statement shows the crimes committed by the criminal
lunatics who remained under treatment at the close of the year :
...
...
...
...
• ••
...
• ••
...
• ••
...
Male.
Female.
Total.
Grievous hurt
Arson
Murder
Culpable homicide
Attempting to commit suicide
Theft
4
4
7
1
1
3
"i
l
I
...
4
4
8
i
2
3
Total
20
3
23
6
12. (b) The 23 criminal lunatics classified as required by paragraphs 2 and 4 of
Government of India, Home Department Eesolution No. 8Medl.—398, dated the 13th
July 1893, are distributed as follows :
Male.
Female. Total.
7
...
7
(1) Those tried and acquitted on the grounds of insanity
(2) Those insane on admission, and found to be incapable
of making a defence
...
...
... 12
(3) Those who became insane during imprisonment
... 1
lotal
<. %*
...
•••
...
••• "\J
15
1
23
13. Statement No. Ill shows the religion, sex, and distribution according to
nationality of the patients admitted during the year.
14. Statement IV gives the previous occupation of the patients admitted during
the year. The figures since the opening of the Asylum were—
Agriculturists
Coolies
Beggars
Sepoys
Domestic servants
Other occupation
Total
• ••
...
198
...
197
...
27
...
23
...
18
• >•
108
...
571
15. Age of lunatics (see Statement No. V). The ages of the lunatics admitted
since the opening of the Asylum were—
Under 10 years.
20 to 40 years.
40 to 60 years.
Upwards of 60.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
13
6
19
360
114
474
58
17 j 75
2
1
3
16. lypes of insanity (see Statement No. VI).
17. Alleged causes of insanity (see Statement No. VII).
18. Sickness and mortality (see Statement No. VIII).
Out of a total population of 145, 45 were admitted to hospital during the year.
Of these 32 were admitted once, 12 were admitted twice, and one was in hospital three
times.
The percentage of admissions and deaths to average strength has been—
Admissions.
Deaths.
Male.
1893
...
... 54-48
1892
...
... 49-18
Average of previous ten
years ...
... 361*17
Female.
65-78
3002
463-09
Total.
5767
43-51
382-65
Male.
13-62
6-30
15-97
Female.
17-31
13-78
Total.'
14-66
4-44
11-15
Male.
Female.
Total.
3-75
. 3-65
7-40
5-38
4-80
10-18
3-14
1-74
4-88
The daily average sick for the past two years is compared with the total of the
past ten years in this statement :
\ \JV*)
...
*••
...
...
1 O t' —
...
...
...
...
Average of previous ten years
The average rate of sickness this year has been less than last year. However,
owing to the unhealthy state of most of the lunatics at the close of 1892, the bad health
of the new admissions and a death from an accidental cause, the mortality of the Asylum
during the year has been absolutely high, but relatively there is not much difference
between it and other years, as it has been the custom to send moribund patients from the
Asylum to the dispensary in former years, and their deaths were not shown in the Asylum
returns. In 18D2, 10 patients were sent to the charitable dispensary, of whom 17 died,
while during 1893, 11 were sent and 10 died. The practice of sending moribund lunatics
to the dispensary I discontinued for two reasons :
First.—Because I do not think it fair as regards the returns of either institution.
Second.—Because the dispensary has been full to overflowing, and 1 think the sick
can be astwell looked after at the Asylum.
Of those discharged, the weight on admission and discharge was—
On admission
On discharge
Gained weight
Lost
,,
...
Remained the same...
Greatest gain
J>
• ••
••«.
...
•••
2jb;'o lbs.
• •■
...
...
...
—; . ' _- ■ )
)y
• ■ •
•••
•••
...
1(
...
• • •
• • .
...
11
• •I
...
■ * .
...
£l
• ••
...
•••
...
oUlDS.
lubs
...
...
,,,
...
...
o i ,,
21. Sanctioned establishment (Statement No. X).—The same as last year. ;
22. Garden and manujactures (refer to Statement No. XI).—The sugarcane cultiva-
tion did not yield even an average crop, owing to the poverty of the soil.
Value of Garden produce.
Vegetables
Gur
Jack-fruit
Plantains
Pineapples
Mangoes
Wheat
Lichis
Total
...
The above supplies were made over to the Asylum for the use of the inmates.
Cash remittid to Treasury.
Vegetables sold
Gur
Aim dhdn
Wheat
Pineapples
Jack-fruit
Plantains
Total
Maintenance...
Rs. a. P-
600 5 9
40 14 0
25 8 0
20 6 9
5 0 0
5 (5 9
3 14 6
1 5 9
702 13 6
Rs. a. P-
50 2 3
10 9 6
26 8 0
0 1 3
1 0 0
4 11 0
20 O 3
113 3 3
190 2 10
'Total produce from manufactures and garden.
Used for Asylum
Remitted to Treasury
Total
702 13 6
113 3 3
816 0 9
23. (a) As the Comptroller cannot very well verify all the figures, the statement
No. IX attached to this report has been prepared according to the figures given by the
treasury Omeer at Tezpur.
•
10
(b) A comparative abstract statement of accounts for 1892, comparing this with
other Asylums, is given below, vide Principal Medical Officer's letter No. 2665C, dated the
13th September 1892:
Namo of
Agylnm.
Establishment.
Dief.
Clothing and
beddings.
bo
a
►
•a
09
Hf
5 ■
o
H
Tezpnr..
Dacca ..
Patna ..
Cnttack..
Bcrham-
pnr
Dnllanda
Rs. a. P-
4,103 5 10
7,342 1 7
8,345 6 3
2,10!) 0 0
5,505 4 2
8,965 13 1
Rs. a. p.
30 7 0
31 0 3
33 11 4
109 7 1
27 2 6
34 13 7
Rs. a. p.
3,476 0 G
9,663 B 2
8,433 11 9
701 6 10
7,666 2 9
11,011 2 0
bo
«
O)
>
a
ai bo
p. c
o
H
o>
to
oJ
Si
■a
a
bo
.a
Medicines.
Contingencies.
Grand total.
c3
bo
09
I
at
■a
•3
.0 .
»" f
o bo
ft a
o •
o
o
to
at
ft to
c
£
OJ
to
>
■a
fti
■B S
o ■«»
5 ■
Rs, a. p.
30 13 11
40 13 2
34 7 8
36 6 5
37 12 3
42 13 2
Rs. a. P- Rs. a. p. RB. a. p.
1,172 5 7 10 6 7 47 0 3
539 10 0
2 4 6 61 0 4
676 1 6
2 12 2 72 7 9
24 4 0
14 2
1 10 6
866 15 6
1 12 2 68 0 6
975 8 0
8 12 8 494 11 0
Rs. a. P-
0 6 8
0 4 2
0 4 9
0 1 4
0 5 t
1 14 t
Rs. a. p. Rs. a. P.
402 13 9
8 9 2
1,745 14 0
7 6 0
1,119 6 10
4 9 2
68 1 5
3 8 6
634 0 0
3 2 0
3,390 1 6 13 IS 7
Rs.
a. P-
10,016 8 11
1P.332 0 1
18,547 1 1
2,904 6 9
14,218 6 11
24,741 8 7
Rs. a. p.
88 13 10
81 12 1
75 13 1
150 11 6
70 2 2
96 J 9
(c) The following table will show the cost per head of average strength in this
Asylum for the years 1892 and 1893 :
Establishment.
Diet.
Clothing and
beddings.
Bazar Medicines.
Contingencies.
0
o>
0)
01
<D
bo
bo
to
to
to
3
a
a
a
E
w
0>
Ol
0>
►
I*
£
►■
Name of
C3
a
OS
cj
09
Aiylnm
o
■a
09
o
a
o
a
0)
O
09
O
3 0)
■4
J3
*i
si .
•g
■a
•a .
*!
jd .
o
ftf
o
6
%t o 0 R| o
rt
o
o
ja 1)
i
■& 8
OJ
43 0)
a
•« s
09
-t> P
m H
B ft
U! £
5 £
tn M
o
o
H
5*
o
O
o
H
o"
|
||
Grand total.
o
H
bo
c9
0>
09
09
O "
Te z p u r,
1893.
Ditto
1892.
Rs. a. p.
4,073 4 10
4,103 6 10
Rs. a. p.
39 13 Oij
36 7 0
Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p.
4,118 1 0
3,476 0 6
40 4 0
30 13 11
Bs. a. p.
998 10 6
1,172 5 7
Rs. a. p.
9 13 3
10 6 7
Ri. a p.
57 3 9
47 0 3
Its. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
0 8 11
419 6 9
0 6 8
402 13 9
Rs. a. p.
4 1 7}f
3 9 2
Rs. a. p.
9,066 10 10
10.01G 8 11
Rt. a.
94 7 10
8813 10
The slight increase in average cost of maintenance per head is owing to the fact that
in 1892 we paid Rs. 2-15 per maund for rice, and Its. 2-9 for matikalai, against Bs. 3-4
and Rs. 3-2 respectively in the past year.
(d) The conduct of the warders has not been satisfactory. Some of them were fined
and dismissed for neglect of duty.
(e) The Asylum was visited—
By tho Committee of Visitors
Chief Commissioner
Commissioner, Assam Valley Districts
Surgeon General with tho Government of India
Principal Medical Officer, Assam
Deputy Commissioner, Darning
The remarks made by the visitors were duly submitted through the Principal
ical Officer and Sanitary Commissioner, Assam, to the Chief Commissioner.
5)
»
Times.
10
.1
2
I
2
1
Med
TEZPUK,
J. W. MACNAMARA, M,A., M.D., Surgeon-Major,
The ISth January 1894.
Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum.
•0
i
l
OS
oo
«?5
1
3
00
s
•<>>
CO
•

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•1
"8
to
s
o
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I
to
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g
to
Statement No. III.—Return Showing the Religion, Sex, and Rendsncc of Patients admitted into the
Tezpur Lunatic Asylum during the year 1893.
1
2
8
4
5
6
Hindus.
Muhammadans.
Christians.
Other castes.
District.
Europeans
and
Eurasians.
,
Natives,
Total.
M.
F.
T.
M. 1 F. T.
M.
F.
T. i M.
F.
T.
M.
F.
T.
M.
F.
T.
Lakbimpur
Sibsagar
Darning
Kainrup
Goal para
Khasi Hills
Dacca
Pancura
l'ogura
...
...
Ranchi
Monghyr
Manbhum
Dumka
Lohardagga
Eazaiibag
Rajmohal
Bali a
Rima
Pnnjab
Nepal
2
4
1
1
1
"i
3
1
1
2
"i
I
I
2
22
'l
1
1
4
1
"i
I
10
2
5
2
1
1
"i
I
7
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
32
"i
l
'i
.i
"i
"i
...
...
...
...
...
...
i
...
"i
l
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
"i
l
l
2
24
"i
I
I
"i
4
1
"i
I
li
2
5
2
2
2
Total
l
2 ...
l
35
Statement No. IV.—Return showing the previous occupation of patients admitted into the Asylum
at Tezpur during the year 1893.
1
Occupation of patients.
2
Male.
3
Female.
4
Total.
Sepoy
Tea coolie
Road coolie ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
<
...
...
...
<
...
...
...
i
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.,
1
7
1
8
4
1
1
1
1
5
12
1
Shopkeeper
Cultivator
Domestic servant
Girhust
Mandal
1
1
3
1
9
4
4
1
Milkman
Palki-bearer ...
1
11
1
1
Total
24
35
Statement No. V.—Return showing the ages of Patients admitted into the Asylum at Tezpur
during the year 1893.
1
|
>
S
4
0
li
Under 20.
20 to 40.
40 to CO.
Upwards of <50.
Total.
Name of Asylum.
6
*3
3
"3
B
&
Total.
Male.
"3
0
o
73
"3
0
a
g
d
"3
Female.
TotaL
"3
"a
a
"3
5
Tcrpur it
••
••
21
1U
31
1!
1
4
••
••
••
21
u
:ss
o-.
a
CO
6
CO
H
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<»
CO
<»
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>>
CO
I
g
to