NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
6
The scheme originally began on 1st March 1942 and is due to end
on the 31st March 1947. It has been in operation in Charsadda Tehsil,
Peshawar District.
The objective of this scheme are to promote the hide trade of the
Province and to reduce economic loss in the hide trade through faulty
flaying and defective curing
Four flaying centres were instituted in Charsadda Tehsil. 140
flayers were trained in the art of proper manner of take-off hide from
animal body, cleaning, packing, etc by practical demonstrations. The
flayers used the improved knives under the instructions of the Officer
Incharge. All the centres were provided with the requisite number of
kerosene oil lamps for use during the dark hours in which the flaying
work was done.
The Incharge regularly visited these centres every month and check-
ed the work of the Master-flayers. In order to encourage better flaying
premium at the rate of Re. -/4/- per hide flayed 1st class was introduc-
ed. The results achieved were most satisfactory. Extensive propaganda
was also carried out by the officer-in-charge in different villages-regard-
ing proper flaying of hides.
During the year under report, 10,895 pieces of hides were flaved 1st
class and only 13 pieces were damaged due to cuts. This clearly shows
that the percentage of cuts has gradually been brought to the minimum
through constant propaganda, use of approved knives, adequate lighting
arrangements and education of the actual flayers.
Village Shearing and Grading Centres Scheme—
The scheme began on the 1st April 1943 and ended on the 31st
March 1946. The total amount sanctioned was Rs. 5,160 shared by
the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research and the Provincial
Government on 50: 50 basis. Mr. Mukhtar Ahmad, Veterinary Assistant
Surgeon, in the grade of Rs. 100—10—200/10—300 (less 15 per cent.)
remained incharge of the scheme with a special allowance of Rs. 15 dur-
ing 4 months of the year, He was assisted by 4 Senior Master Shearers
and 4 Junior Master Shearers.
The main objective of the scheme was to promote interest amongst
the shephards for pare and clean wool production to emphasize the
importance of washing and grading of wool to eliminate diseases and
defects seriously affecting the quality of wool, to bring the shepherds
to a joint working party on co-operative basis and to market their pro-
ducts on remunerative prices.
The incharge carried out vast propaganda in the villages surround-
ing the shearing centres before the actual sheasing season.
The flock of sheep were collected near about the shearing centres
and were washed thoroughly without soap in the clean running water of
a canal or stream before shearing. Sheep were then allowed to dry
themselves thoroughly for a day or so and then clipped with the im-
proved shearing scissors. The wool was graded into body wool, skirt-
ings and coloured wool and then weighed. It was ultimately stored at
various centres. The spring season wool fetched Rs. 71-8-0 per 105 lbs.
(Peshawari md ) and the autumn season's collection was disposed at
Rs. 70 per 105 lbs. at Peshawar. 30 young shepherds were trained
in the art of shearing and grading of wool during the year under
report.
7
11,686 sheep were shorn and 14,040 lbs. of wool collected during the
year.
The Buffalo Breeding Farm, Islamia College, Peshawar—
The Buffalo Breeding Farm was started at Islamia College, Pesha-
war in 1942. The chief objects of the scheme are to enable the Civil
Veterinary Department, North-West Frontier Province, to have a
Breeding and Dairying Research Station for studying Live-stock breed-
ing and dairying problems and to meet the stud Buffalo Bulls require-
ments of the Province. It also aims at providing a pedigree herd which
would materially enhance the productivity of cross-bred and pure-bred
stock in the villages.
Mr. Ghulam Sarwar Khan, L. V. P., P. V. S. II held charge of the
post till December 1945, when he handed over to Mr. Muhammad
Azam Khan, L. V. P., P. V. S. II.
PART II—ANIMAL DISEASES.
SECTION A—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
(a) Equine diseases—
Mortality.—85 seizures with 40 deaths were recorded against
45 seizures with 25 deaths of the last year.
1. Glanders.—No case of Glanders was reported during the year
under report.
2. Surra.—31 cases of Surra were reported during the of year which
30 proved fatal.
3. Anthrax.—No case of Anthrax was reported during the year.
4. Dourine.—No case was reported during the year under report.
5. Strangles.—No case was reported during the year under
report.
6. Other contagious and parasitic diseases.—54 cases were reported
out of which 10 died.
(b) Bovine diseases (Cattle and Buffaloes)—
Mortality.—During the year under report there were 4,984
seizures with 377 deaths as against 3,659 seizures with 1,371 deaths.
1. Rinderpest.— During the year under report this disease broke
out in Peshawar, Hazara, Bannu, D. I. Khan District and Kurram and
Malakand Agencies.
Forty outbreaks were reported with 1,605 seizures and 268 deaths
as against 71 outbreaks with 1,442 seizures and 656 deaths. 106,400
doses of G. T. V. V. were prepared in the Provincial Veterinary
Laboratory and issued to the staff for control of these outbreaks
Altogether 42,720 animals were immunised against Rinderpest.
2. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia.—Thirty-six
outbreaks with 970
seizures and 100 deaths were reported as against 51 outbreaks with 744
seizures and 586 deaths of the last year. The disease was more marked
in Hazara and Bannu Districts as well as Malakand Agency. Prompt
measures were adopted to bring the disease under control. 10,677
animals were inoculated.
8
3. Black quarter.—Three outbreaks with 6 seizures and no deaths
were reported as against 3 outbreaks with 30 seizures and 22 deaths of
the last year. 1,094 animals were inoculated with B. Q. Vaccine.
4. Anthrax.—No case of Anthrax was reported during the year
under report.
5. Foot and Mouth.—2,083 animals were attacked with a mor-
tality of 8 as compared with 5,366 animals with a mortality of 11
animals during the last year. Prompt measures were adopted to stop
the disease from spreading. The affected animals were symptomati-
cally treated with great success.
(c) Diseases of other animals—
1. Anthrax.—No case was reported.
2. Sheep-Pox.—No case was reported during the year.
3. Contagious Caprine Pleuro-pneumonia.—Out of 60 seizures 60
deaths were reported as against 506 seizures with 296 deaths of the last
year. Auto-vaccination was performed in face of actual outbreak.
This virus was tried with considerable success in Khyber, Kurram and
Malakand Agencies.
4. Foot and Mouth.—502 seizures with 4 deaths resulted during
the year under report.
5. Rabies.—Nine suspected cases were admitted in the various
hospitals and 6 died. A very large number of dogs were given a course
of anti-rabic treatment.
6. Other contagious and Parasitic Diseases.—42 seizures and 2
deaths were recorded during the year under report.
SECTION B—EXPENDITURE ON SERA AND VACCINE.
A sum of Rs. 5,054/13/- was spent an the purchase of Sera and
Vaccine and preparation of Goat Tissue Virus Vaccine and the Ranikhet
Disease Virus Vaccine.
SECTION C.—CONTAGIOUS AND NON-CONT
ON TOUR.
The Subordinate Veterinary Staff of the Province toured for
9,411 days and visited 10,067 villages as compared with 10,556 days
spent on tour and 11,593 villages visited in the previous year. The
staff carried out veterinary propaganda amongst the Zamindars and
treated animals for contagious and non-contagious diseases. In
addition, the subordinate staff inspected all the stud-animals and
checked their progeny and also castrated a very large number of
scrub male animals.
The number of animals treated for contagious and non-contagi-
ous diseases was 18,548 and 83,900 as compared with 7,098 and 90,639
respectively of the last year. 44,071 animals were castrated during
the year under report as against 29,905 animals of the last year.
PART III.—VETERINARY INSTITUTES.
1. Veterinary Hospitals and the Rural Dispensaries —
There are altogether 77 Hospitals and Veterinary Dispensaries
9
in the Province including the Agencies and the States. These institu-
tions gave veterinary aid to the live-stock of the poor Zamindars.
In addition, the sera and vaccine supplied to these institutions were
promptly utilised to control the various contagious diseases. Most
of the hospitals and dispensaries were regularly visited by the Director,
Veterinary Services, North-West Frontier Province. As a result of
this careful supervision there was marked improvement in the quality
of work. Furthermore, occasional surprise visits to more important
hospitals always kept the staff on the qui-vive. Every effort was
made to keep the hospitals and dispensaries well supplied with modern
drugs and country medicines.
The total number of animals treated at these hospitals as indoor
and outdoor patients was 381,549 as compared with 332,621 of
the last year. 50,774 animal owners who were not able to bring
their animals to the hospitals were supplied with medicines. 84,365
animals were castrated as against 67,339 of the last year.
2. Touring Dispensaries—
The number of touring dispensaries remained unchanged. All
these were located in Hujras and were regularly attended once a
week by the local Veterinary Assistant. The number of cases treated
in these dispensaries was 13,684 as against 9,678 of the last year.
PART IV—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
1. Horse Breeding.—During the year under
review, 3 Arab,
T.T.B.I, and 1 P. B. E. Horse Stallions were maintained in non-
select districts. All these animals were kept in tip top condition.
They Coovered 364 mares. The possibilities of using ponies for draught
purposes are being explored and it is hoped to establish Pony Farm
in Hazara District in the near future.
2. Mule and Donkey Breeding.—There were 15 Donkey Stallions
at stud during the year under report. 937 mares and she-donkeys
were covered by them. There is a great scope for developing donkey
and mule breeding in certain hilly tracts of this Province where the
only means of transport are these animals.
SECTION B—CATTLE BREEDING.
Every attention was paid towards cattle breeding operations
and the scheme continued to work satisfactorily. Efforts were made
to purchase more stud bulls but due to the non-availability of railway
tracks for transport of live-stock very few bulls could be replaced.
In the beginning of the year there were 210 bulls, 56 bulls were
cast and 36 new bulls were entertained bringing the total number to
190 bulls at the end of the year. There were also 59 cows on the
scheme. The bulls covered 12,208 cows, as against 16,151 of the last
year.
On the whole, the progeny of calves showed considerable
improvement and a large number carried the characteristics of the
parent bulls.
Results were ascertained and recorded in the registers
regularly.
1. Dhanni Cattle Breeding—
The bulls of this famous breed due, to their attractive physical
features and unbeatable draught continued to enjoy immense popularity
10
amongst the breeders of Hazara, Mardan and Peshawar District. In
the beginning of the year 147 bulls were present on the subsidy scheme.
40 were cast and 15 entertained during the year bringing the balance
122 at the end of the year and performed 8,069 coverings as compared
with the 11,940 coverings performed during the last year.
The Dhanni cows which were purchased from the Dhanni Tracts
and located with Zamindars on the subsidy scheme were 44 in the
beginning of the year. At the end of the year 47 cows were left.
The owners of these cows were requested to rear the progency of these
cows to the breeding age when these would be purchased for stud
purposes.
2. Sindhi Cattle Breeding—
Sindhi cattle are also well known both for ploughing and for
milk yield. They were chiefly confined to the Upper Hazara and
Kohat and Swat State where the results obtained were very encourag-
ing. The cross-bred progeny appears very popular with the Zamindars
and the demand for such milch type animals is increasing.
There were 14 Sindhi Bulls in the beginning of the year, 5 were
cast and none entertained. They covered 180 cows as compared with
747 of the last year.
3. Lohani Cattle Breeding-
There were 27 bulls and 13 cows of Lohani breed located in the
Kurram Agency. This breed has been found to be the most suitable
in the hilly tracts of this Province and has won great favour of Zamin-
dars in the Agency. During the year 2,346 cows were covered by
these bulls. Their produce was encouraging,
4. Montgomery Cattle Breeding—
This breed of cattle is well known for its milch potentialities.
With a view to encouraging this breed in Peshawar and Bannu where
there is a large population of these animals several Montgomery bulls
were located at these Centres. There were 3 bulls in the beginning of
the year. These bulls covered 152 cows as against 329 of the last year.
5. Buffalo Breeding—
There were 18 approved Buffalo Bulls at Stud on the 1st April
1945. During the year 2 were cast and 2 entertained leaving a balance
of 18 at the close of the year. Their work remained satisfactory through-
out the year under report. They performed 1,360 coverings as against
2,115 of the last year.
The inhabitants of this Province are getting more and more
enthusiastic towards buffalo breeding on account of high percentage
of fat in the buffaloes milk.
With a view to breeding true to type NILI BUFFALO BULLS
for distribution amongst interested breeders a Buffalo Breeding Farm
was established at Islamia College, Peshawar, sometime ago. It is
hoped that it will meet all the stud bull requirements of this Province
from this Farm.
SECTION C.––SHEEP AND GOAT BREEDING.
Sheep Breeding.—The main object of sheep breeding is to improve
the quality of wool in the thin-tailed indigenous sheep. For this
11
purpose pure-bred rams were issued for stud purposes to selected
breeders in Hazara District. In the beginning of the year there were
15 rams on the subsidy scheme.
During the year no ram could be
entertained. At the close of the year 15 rams were present. These
rams covered 113 ewes.
Goat Breading.—Goat breeding was chiefly confined to Hazara
and Kohat Districts. In the beginning of the year there were 26 Goat-
bucks. During the year no bucks could be entertained. 4 were cast
during the year leaving behind 22 at the end of the year. The number
of covering performed by these Bucks was 279 as against 363 of the
last year.
SECTION D––POULTRY BREEDING.
The scheme for the improvement of egg-laying qualities and
body size of the country-fowls in Hazara District by cross-breeding
with the White Leg Horn continued to function satisfactorily. Due to
the non-availability of pure-bred White Leg Horn Fowls the three
Poultry Farms at Haripur, Abbottabad and Mansehra could not be
properly maintained. However, whatever eggs that were laid by the
hens were sold only to Zamindars who were really interested in Poultry
Farming. These eggs were sold at the nominal price of Re. 0-4-0 per
egg on the condition that these would be used only for hatching
purposes.
SECTION E––BEE-KEEPING.
Bee-keeping activities were confined to Hazara District and
Peshawar. Some excellent colonies were exhibited at the various
Cattle Shows and prizes were won by the local Zamindars.
The objects of Bee-keeping are to produce first class Bee-Colonies
and to study he local Bee-keeping problems. An extensive tour work
was undertaken by the Veterinary Assistants and Stock Assistant
who carried out Bee-keeping propaganda by delivering lectures and
demonstrations on the modern methods of rearing bee-colonies and
extraction of honey without injuring the bees.
SECTION F––HORSE AND CATTLE SHOWS.
During the year 1945-46 a Live-Stock Show was held at Abbotta-
bad from the 26th April to 29th April 1945. The entries and judging
of Horses Section were with the Army Remount Department and the
entries of Cattle, Sheep and Poultry were made by the District Board
Staff.
As the Show was held earlier than the previous years most of
the Zamindars of distant villages inspite of extensive propaganda, could
not bring their animals as they were under the impression that the
Show will be held in September or October.
The number of entries recorded was 577 but actually about
one thousand animals were exhibited which was quite a satisfactory
number. Very good type of animals were exhibited and the enthusiasm
displayed by the Cattle Breeders and Zamindars in general was as great
as ever.
As the Show was held in Abbottabad Tehsil, a large number of
magnificent specimens of Sindhi breed of Cattle was seen at the Show.
This affords clear evidence of the stimulus which these Shows have
given to Cattle Breeding. Very good specimens of Fowls of White Leg
Horn and R. I. R. breeds of poultry were also exhibited in the Show.
12
This indicates the success of the scheme in Hazara District which this
Department has launched only very recently.
On the last day of the Show the prize winning animals were
paraded before the gathering and the prizes were given away by the
Revenue and Divisional Commissioner, North-West Frontier Province.
The Hon'ble Minister for Industries visited the Show grounds on the
last day of Show.
Provincial Live-Stock Show—
The 3rd Provincial Live-Stock Show was held at Shahi Bagh
grounds, Peshawar, from the 5th to 8th April 1945. Cattle and Sheep
adjudged to be the best of their class were brought from all parts of
the Province and only the very best animals representing the famous
breeds of the Province such as Dhanni and Lohani Breeds of Cattle,
the Nili Breed of Buffaloes and Damani Breeds of Sheep were exhibited
at the Show.
The competition was open to all i.e., Stock from the Government
Farms, Private Breeders and Live-Stock Owners from all over the
Province including the Agencies. The number of animals exhibited
was very good and the competition stiff. The visitors were much
impressed with the live-stock wealth of the Province.
Entries—
These were restricted only to those animals that were in the
best condition. Inspite of all this the Show attracted a very large
number of visitors from all over the Province. The Government Horse
Stallions were also exhibited. The Dhanni breed of Cattle which is
most important draught breed of the Province surpassed all previous
records.
The All India Cattle Show Committee awarded prizes for the
Dhanni and Lohani Breed of cattle.
In addition to these breeds,
buffaloes, sheep, goats, horses and poultry were also exhibited and prize
money provided from the Provincial Funds. There were, in addition
Sahiwal, Nili and other Local Breeds of Sheep and some Angora Goats
from Live-Stock Research Station, Togh, were also exhibited.
The best bull in the Dhanni class was a subsidy Dhanni bull from
Mardan District. The best animal in the Show was a Nili Heifer of
Mardan District and won the most coveted ''Sir George Cunningham
Challenge Cup" There were other prizes in the form of cups, medals
certificates and petty cash. In addition to the cups cash, prizes to
the value of Rs. 886 were given to Exhibitors by the All India Cattle
Show Committee, Delhi, for important breed of cattle and sheep.
Those animals which could not get any prizes were awarded consolation
prizes from the Provincial Government Funds.
His Excellency Sir George Cunningham, K.C.S.I., O.B.E., I.C.S.,
Governor of the North-West Frontier Province, graced the occasion
with his presence on the last date of the Cattle Show. The prize
winners were paraded before His Excellency who evinced his usual
keen interest in them and made personal enquiries about the breed
points and progress of the Cattle Breeding Scheme from the Director,
Veterinary Services.
Later His Excellency gave away the prizes.
His Excellency's personal interest in the Cattle Breeding Operations
further increased the enthusiasm of the Cattle Breeders.
13
GENERAL REMARKS.
My thanks are due to Lieut.-Col. Mallam, C. I. E., I. P. S.,
Bar-at-Law, Commissioner and Secretary to Government, Development
Departments, North-West Frontier Province and Tribal Areas, for his
untiring efforts in enhancing the activities of the Civil Veterinary
Department.
I am most grateful to all members of the Technical and the
Clerical Staff for their unflinching loyalty and co-opreration in the
smooth running of the Civil Veterinary Department.
I am also indebted to my Office Superintendent Mr. Ghulam
Sarwar Khan, who inspite of of immense increase in the volume of his
work discharged his duties most efficiently.
AZIZ AHMAD,
Director of Animal Husbandry.
North-West Frontier Province.
GS&&Deptt-NWFP—2992Dir. of Animal Husbandry—500—8-5-47—(158)
ii
TABLE
Statement showing the number of seizures and deaths from
during the
Serial No.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
District or Agency
2
Peshawar ..
Mardan ..
Hazara ..
Kohat
..
Bannu
..
Dera Ismail Khan
Kurram Agency ..
Malakand Agency
Total
..
Total for 1944-45
Total for 1943-44
Equines
Glanders
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Surra
4
1/X
..
..
..
..
..
..
50/30
3 1/3 0
5/ 8
..
Dourine
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Anthrax
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Other
con-
tagious
and
parasitic
diseases
7
1 0/6
1 0/3
..
..
..
..
3 3/X
..
1/1
5 4/1
4 0/2 2
6 8/1 0
Total
8
1 1/6
10/3
..
..
..
..
3 5/X
...
3 1/ 8 1
8 5/40
4 5/25
68/10
Other
causes
9
1 8 4 0 1/3 1
1 3 2 2 6/7 5
2 3 4 2/45
6 3 7 8/2 8
..
1 4 4 1 6/9
3 3 7/
..
5 5 1 0 1/2 2
9 8 3 9 3/3 7
1 0 1 4
9/2
iii
I
contagious diseases and other causes among animals,
year 1945-46.
Cattle
Rinder-
pest
10
3 6 2/100
1 0 3/4 5
* *
3 3 6/X
1 0 2/4 3
3 9 7/X
..
6 9/4 5
1 3 6 9/233
7 1 7/4 3 0
8 6/51
Hoemor-
rhagic
septic-
aemia
11
9 3/ 1 0
..
* *
6 9 4/6
1/1
91/ X
..
1 1/9
8 9 0/2 6
3 9 9/3 2 1
152/1 4 1
Foot
and
mouth
1 2
7 1/X
6 6/X
..
2 3 2/9
..
..
..
1 5 5 8/X
1 9 3 7/2
1 0 5 0/8
3 6 3 8/6
Black
quarter
13
..
..
..
6/X
..
..
..
..
6/X
133/1 2 9
30/2 9
Anthrax
14
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2 9/ 2 9
Surra
1 9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Other
con-
tagious
and
parasitic
diseases
16
..
..
..
1/1
..
3 1 6/ X
..
1/ 1
3 1 8/1
..
..
Total
17
526/110
1 6 9/4 5
..
1 3 6 9/X
1 0 3/44
8 0 4/X
..
1 6 3 9/55
1 5 1 0/2 6 9
2 2 5 2/8 8 0
3 9 3 0/ 2 4 9
Other
causes
18
1 9 1 1/6 5
2 4 9 0 2/1 0 4
4 7 1 8/6 6
11560/77
..
1 6 8 0 2
2 3
2 5 1/X
29/4
2 0 1 5 8/341
15 3 0 0 4/8 3 0
3 1 2 3/ 7 1 8
iv
TABLE
Statement showing the number of seizures and deaths from
during the
Serial No.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
District or Agency
2
Peshawar ..
Mardan ..
Hazara ..
Kohat ..
Bannu ..
Dera Ismail Khan ..
Karram Agency ..
Malakand Agency ..
Total ..
Total for 1944-1945
Total for 1943-1944
Buf
Rinder-
pest
19
2 0/ 1 6
..
..
1 4 2/X
7 4/19
..
..
2 3 6/35
7 2 5/ 2 2 6
6 0/40
Hoemor-
rhagic
septic-
aemia
20
26/26
..
..
6/ X
9/9
..
3 9/39
80/7 4
3 4 5/2 6 5
1 1 2/103
Foot and
mouth
21
2 6/X
40/X
..
..
6/6
4/X
...
8 0/X
156/ 6
3 0 0/X
1 7 3 3/5
Black
quarter
22
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Anthrax
23
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Surra
24
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
Other
contag-
ious and
parasitic
diseases
25
..
..
...
1/X
..
1/X
..
..
2/X
..
..
v
I—continued
contagious diseases and other causes among animals
year 1945-46—contd.
fuloes
Total
26
72/4 2
4 0/X
...
140/ X
8 9/3 4
5/ X
..
119/3 9
4 7 4/ 1 1 5
1 3 7 0/4 9 1
1905/1
4 8
Other
causes
27
6 3 2 5/X
1 4 0 1 5/2 3
2 3 6 8/1 1
3 5 2 8/2 3
9 9 8 0/X
8 4/X
5/ X
3 6 2 0 5/5 7
1 0 1 4 93/2 9 4
9 8 3 9 3/2 5 7
Sheep
Anthrax
28
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Sheep
pox
29
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Pleuro
pneum-
onia
30
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5 0 6/2 9 6
Foot and
mouth
31
..
..
..
4 5/2
..
2/X
..
..
4 7/2
1 1 5/X
..
Scab
32
2/2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2/ 2
..
..
Other
contag-
ious and
parasitic
diseases
33
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Total
34
2/2
45/ 2
..
2/X
..
4 9/4
1 1 5/X
5 0 6/2 9 6
Other
causes
35
731/X
5 2 4 8/1 3
1 1 4 2/29
4 7 2 9 / 7 9
..
9 2 8 1/4
5 6/X
..
2 1 1 8 7/125
6 4 5 8 5/1 2 2
6 7 2 0 1/3 2 5