NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
STATEMENT No. V.
Showing particulars of vaccination verified by inspecting officers.
District.
Saugor ...
Damoh ...
Jubbulpore ...
Narsinghpur ...
Hoshangabad ...
Nimar ...
Mandla ...
Betul ...
Chhindwara ...
Seoni ...
Balaghat ...
Bbandara ...
Nagpur ...
Wardha ...
Chanda ...
Raipur ...
Bilaspur ...
Sambalpur ...
Total ...
FEUDATORY STATES.
HOSHANGABAD DISTRICT.
Makrai
...
Total ...
Total number
of persons
vaccinated.
21,519
10,141
31,506
11,236
13,760
12,265
18,503
12,806
19,807
12,505
12,591
24,968
24,925
12,559
22,079
49,603
35,557
29,246
3,75,639
806
806
Total number inspected
By Deputy
Sanitary
Commissioners or
Civil Surgeons.
2,628
5,299
7,658
4,641
1,097
7,647
6,607
2,951
5,509
1,154
6,058
2,502
4,501
2,776
2,707
3,763
2,251
1,211
70,960
......
......
By Native Super-
intendents or
other inspecting
officers.
9,578
7,651
11,104
5,782
6,448
11,930
12,999
6,528
10,418
5,943
8,097
10,495
9,499
8,780
12,101
31,633
22,857
26,606
2,18,469
473
473
Percentage of inspections to total
number vaccinated
By Deputy
Sanitary
Commissioners
or Civil Surgeons.
12.21
52.23
24.31
41.80
7.97
62.35
35.71
23.04
29.81
9.18
48.11
10.02
18.06
22.10
12.26
7.58
6.33
4.14
18.89
......
......
By Native Super-
intendents or
other inspecting
officers.
44.51
75.42
35.24
51.46
46.86
97.43
70.25
50.98
52.60
47.30
64.31
42.03
38.11
69.91
54.81
63.77
64.28
90.97
58.16
58.68
58.68
Percentage of cases found successful
of total number inspected
By Deputy
Sanitary
Commissioners
or Civil Surgeons.
94.63
87.60
92.93
88.13
97.72
94.39
98.06
94.85
84.77
84.06
97.17
91.49
94.42
97.33
95.20
97.29
87.87
97.69
93.11
......
......
By Native Super-
intendents or
other inspecting
officers.
96.82
78.76
93.98
90.28
97.58
92.83
89.87
93.40
88.88
93.02
99.45
97.58
94.44
92.26
94.42
97.13
88.49
95.92
93.46
91.33
91.33
Percent-
age of
success
reported
by vac-
cinators.
96.56
90.89
95.97
96.81
97.57
96.13
99.32
96.61
98.12
97.52
97.38
96.69
93.98
96.83
96.14
97.81
95.07
98.59
96.61
88.21
88.21
STATEMENT No. V.—(Concluded).
District.
FEUDATORY STATES.—(Concld.)
RAIPUR DISTRICT.
Khairagarh
...
Nandgaon
...
Chhuikhadan ...
Kanker ...
Total ...
BILASPUR DISTRICT.
Kawardha
...
Sakti
...
Total ...
SAMBALPUR DISTRICT.
Sarangarh
..
Baigarh
..
Rairakole
..
Sonepur
...
Kalahandi ..
Patna
..
Bamra ..
Total ..
Total, Feudatory States ...
Grand Total
..
Total number
of persons
vaccinated.
7,010
6,682
1,148
3,560
18,400
2,819
1,058
3,877
4,843
9,845
723
1,892
6,017
9,817
4,051
36,688
59,771
4,35,410
Total number inspected
By Deputy
Sanitary
Commissioners or
Civil Surgeons.
......
......
......
......
......
584
......
584
......
37
......
......
3,467
849
......
4,353
4,937
75,897
By Native Super-
intendents or
other inspecting
officers.
5,878
5,740
641
3,180
15,439
699
746
1,445
4,652
8,633
224
......
5,453
5,057
380
24,399
41,756
2,60,225
Percentage of inspections to total
number vaccinated
By Deputy
Sanitary
Commissioners
or Civil Surgeons.
......
......
......
......
20.71
......
15.06
......
0.37
......
......
57.62
8.64
......
11.86
8.25
17.43
By Native Super-
intendents or
other inspecting
officers.
83.85
85.90
55.84
89.33
83.91
24.79
70.51
37.27
107.11
87.69
30.98
......
90.63
51.51
9.38
66.50
69.86
59.77
Percentage of cases found successful
of total number inspected
By Deputy
Sanitary
Commissioners
or Civil Surgeons.
......
......
......
......
......
86.30
......
86.30
......
94.59
......
......
74.19
94.35
......
78.29
79.24
92.21
By Native Super-
intendents or
other inspecting
officers.
96.87
90.32
78.63
99.18
96.37
83.40
94.91
89.34
90.39
90.90
93.75
......
87.82
97.41
86.84
91.43
93.18
93.42
Percent-
age of
success
reported
by vac-
cinators.
98.46
96.14
87.11
99.86
97.18
97.84
94.52
96.93
94.88
97.25
97.37
93.76
96.44
99.23
97.12
97.26
97.08
96.68
NOTES
ON THE
ANNUAL STATEMENTS
OF
VACCINE OPERATIONS
IN THE
CENTRAL PROVINCES
FOR
THE YEAR 1893-94.
NAGPUR:
PRINTED AT THE SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1894.
[ PRICE EIGHT ANNAS.]
No. 5758.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces,
in the General Department,—dated Pachmarhi, the 20th August 1894.
READ—
The Annual Statements of Vaccination Operations in the Central Provinces for the year
1893-94, with Notes by the Sanitary Commissioner.
READ ALSO—
The District Reports.
RESOLUTION.
There was no change in the area covered by the operations of the
Department during the year, so far as voluntary action is concerned. Munici-
pal Committees show an increasing willingness to enforce vaccination within
their limits, the Act having been extended to the Municipalities of Burha,
Chhindwara (Narsinghpur District), Gadarwara, Chhindwara (Chhindwara
District), Burhanpur, Lalbara, Waraseoni, Katangi, Hoshangabad and Bhandara
on the application of the Committees concerned.
2. The number of operations performed during the year in the districts
of the Central Provinces was 3,77,145 against 3,75,639 in the previous year.
The increase, however, occurred entirely in re-vaccinations, which were 17,677
more, while primary vaccinations were 16,171 less. This continued decrease in
primary operations is to be regretted. In the Feudatory States the number of
operations increased from 59,771 to 63,511. This increase occurred under both
heads, primary vaccinations having risen from 54,034 to 56,499 and re-vaccin-
ations from 5,737 to 7,012. Dispensary primary operations decreased from
16,697 to 16,594, and re-vaccinations increased from 1,739 to 2,309. The number
varied very greatly, 2,042 persons having been vaccinated at dispensaries in
Chhindwara and only 140 in Seoni. Municipal operations, which are included
in the Departmental total, fell from 15,847 to 14,094, a result which seems to
suggest that the extension of the Vaccination Act referred to above and during
the previous year, was not made much practical use of.
3. The recorded percentages of success also show a falling off in compari-
son with the previous year, the departmental operations giving a decrease from
96.68 in primary and 84.27 in re-vaccinations to 95.48 and 79.87 respectively ;
while for dispensaries the decrease is from 92.09 and 70.67 to 91.27 and 69.68.
Statement V shows that the figure of 95.48, returned as the percentage of success
in departmental primary operations, should be reduced to 91.96 according to
the check of Native Superintendents and 88.83 according to that of Civil Sur-
geons. By the latter test the worst result among districts was given by Betul,
where the percentage of success as found by the Civil Surgeon was 71.71
against 95.84 as returned by the vaccinators; the best in Saugor, where the per-
centage as returned — 97.55 — is almost exactly the same as that given by the
check. The largest amount of inspection work by Civil Surgeons was done in
Jubbulpore, where 10,852 cases were inspected; Chanda and Sambalpur are
the only districts where less than 2,000 inspections were made. The Sanitary
Commissioner submitted a special report of the results of his enquiries into
vaccination work when on tour. He found it badly done in Hoshangabad and
Chhindwara, but very good in Saugor.
2
4. The expenditure of the Department increased from Rs. 47,919 in 1892-93
to Rs. 49,700 in 1893-94. Of this Rs. 12,477 was paid from Provincial and the
rest from Local Funds. The expenditure in the Feudatory States increased from
Rs. 4,240 to Rs. 4,478. There were five more vaccinators on the Provincial
and two on the Feudatory staff.
5. Vaccination from the buffalo calf is now established in these Pro-
vinces, and the successful substitution of this method for arm-to-arm vaccina-
tion and the use of calf-lymph may be trusted in time to remove much of
the popular objection to vaccination based on social and religious prejudices.
The adoption of the Vaccination Act by Municipal Committees, who for long
were consistently opposed to vaccination, is perhaps a proof of this. Up to
September 1892 only a single municipality in the Provinces — Raipur — had
adopted that Act. It is now in force in 17 municipalities. The rate of progress
in vaccination cannot advance as rapidly as in years when the field was com-
paratively untouched, but at least it can be ensured that the efforts which
have so greatly abated small-pox shall not be relaxed; and this the Chief
Commissioner commends with confidence to Surgeon-Colonel Ross.
ORDER.—Ordered, that a copy of this Resolution (with the usual number
of spare copies) be submitted to the Government of India in the Home
Department, and that a copy be forwarded to the Administrative Medical
Officer for information and guidance; also that it be published in the Supple-
ment to the Central Provinces Gazette, and that copies, bound with the
Report, be distributed as usual.
[True Extract.]
A. L. SAUNDERS,
Second Secretary.
Secretariat Press, Nagpur:—21-8-94—200.
No. 2065—505.
FROM
SURGEON-COLONEL G. C. ROSS,
ADMINISTRATIVE MEDICAL OFFICER AND
SANITARY COMMISSIONER,
Central Provinces,
To
THE CHIEF SECRETARY TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER,
Central Provinces.
Dated Nagpur, the 4th July 1894.
SIR,
I have the honour to submit, for the information of the Chief Com-
missioner, the Annual Statements of Vaccine Operations in the Central Pro-
vinces for the year 1893-94, with notes thereon.
I regret the delay that has taken place in the submission of this Report,
which is entirely due to my office being obliged to send back the District
Returns for correction more than twice—the Report for Bilaspur only having
reached this office on the 29th June 1894, and that for Nagpur on the 19th of
the same month.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
G. C. ROSS, SURGEON-COLONEL,
Administrative Medical Officer
and Sanitary Commissioner,
Central Provinces.
Notes on the Annual Statements of Vaccine Operations in the Central
Provinces, for the year 1893-94.
In accordance with the Government of India orders, communicated
in Home Department Resolution No. 28-1579-95, dated the 15th July 1887,
the following remarks serve to elucidate the figures given in the prescribed
forms of statements.
2. The area in which vaccine operations were carried on in the past
season was about the same as in the previous year.
STATEMENT No. I.
Operations by Vaccinators in the Provincial and Feudatory States.
3. The strength of the vaccine establishment shows an increase of 7
vaccinators, as compared with its strength during the previous year. Of this
increase, 5 vaccinators are credited to the Provincial, and 2 to the Feudatory
States establishment.
4. The vaccinators of both Provincial and Feudatory States performed
380,488 primary and 60,168 secondary vaccinations, or a total of 440,656
operations. Last year the number of primary vaccinations performed by this
staff was 394,194, and re-vaccinations 41,216, or a total of 435,410. The staff
thus did 13,706 fewer primary vaccinations and 18,952 more re-vaccinations.
On the whole, it will be observed that there was an increase of 5,246 operations
as compared with the number last year.
The number of primary vaccinations was much less during this year than
in 1892-93. Most of the Civil Surgeons report that the decrease is due to the
unhealthiness of the year and the excessive death-rate in children under one
year of age; but partly also, at the commencement, to failure of the lymyh
supply and the carelessness of some of the vaccinators, who were fined or
otherwise punished.
5. The number of persons successfully vaccinated including cases of re¬
vaccination was 411,362, or 4,464 less than in the previous year, thus:—
1898-94 ...
1892-93 ...
Successful Primary
Vaccinations.
363,303
381,093
—17,790
Successful
Re-vaccinations.
48,059
34,733
+ 13,326
=—4,464
6. The percentage of successful primary vaccination was 95.48 against
96.68 in 1892-93, and that of re-vaccination was 4.40 less than that of the
preceding year.
7. The average number of vaccine operations performed by each vacci-
nator, both in the Provincial and Feudatory States, was 1,716, or 24 less than
during the previous year.
2
Operations by Provincial Vaccinators.
8. The total number of persons vaccinated by Provincial vaccinators in
the year under review was 377,145 compared with 375,639 in the previous year,
or 1,506 more than that of 1892-93.
9. The number of primary operations was less (—16,171), while that of
re-vaccinations was (+17,677) more.
10. The average number of operations performed by each vaccinator
of the Provincial establishment was 1,806, or only 33 less compared with that
of 1892-93.
In the following districts the average number performed by each vaccinator
was great:—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Betul ... ... ...
Narsinghpur ... ... ...
Mandla ... ... ...
Hoshangabad ... ... ...
Damoh ... ... ...
Balaghat ... ... ...
Nimar ... ... ...
+ 320
+ 302
+ 252
+ 223
+ 156
+ 79
+ 75
and the districts in which the decrease took place are :—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Chanda ... ... ...
Sambalpur ... ... ...
Bilaspur ... ... ...
Bhandara ... ... ...
Chhindwara ... ... ...
Jubbulpore ... ... ...
Saugor ... ... ...
Seoni ... ... ...
Wardha ... ... ...
Raipur
...
...
...
Nagpur ... ... ...
—239
—228
—166
—144
—108
— 89
— 81
— 74
— 68
— 56
— 44
11. Of the 18 districts of these Provinces only 6 show an increase in
the primary operations, and 12 a decrease. The increase varied from 839
in the district of Narsinghpur to 26 in the Bhandara District. Similarly, the
decrease ranged from 6,584 in the Bilaspur District to 408 in the Saugor
District.
3
The following table gives the actual increase and decrease in the number
of primary operations performed by the Provincial vaccinators between the
seasons 1892-93 and 1893-94:—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Narsinghpur ... ... ...
Hoshangabad ... ... ...
Nimar ... ... ...
Damoh ... ... ...
Chanda
...
... ...
Bhandar ... ... ...
Bilaspur ... ... ...
Chhindwara ... ... ...
Sambalpur ... ... ...
Raipur ... ... ...
Betul ... ... ...
Wardha ... ... ...
Jubbulpore ... ... ...
Nagpur ... ... ...
Seoni ... ... ...
Balaghat ... ... ...
Mandla ... ... ...
Saugor ... ... ...
+ 839
+ 481
+ 469
+ 255
+ 131
+ 26
—6,584
—2,553
—1,654
—1,408
—1,190
—1,059
— 903
— 854
— 689
— 624
— 446
— 408
12. The following are the Provincial total numbers of the successful
primary vaccine operations performed on infants under one year during the
past five years :—
1889-90...
1890-91 ...
1891-92...
1892-93...
1893-94...
183,968
206,316
220,031
227,553
215,806
13. The following is the percentage of success in primary operations claim-
ed by Provincial vaccinators and the percentage as seen by Civil Surgeons
and Native Superintendents of Vaccination in the last three years:—
Years.
1891-92 ... ...
1892-93 ... ...
1893-94 ... ...
Claimed by Vaccinators.
96.52
96.61
95.28
As seen by Civil Surgeons.
90.29
93.11
88.76
As seen by Native Super-
intendents.
93.70
93.46
91.56
STATEMENT No. II.
14. The cost of the Provincial vaccine establishment of 1893-94 amount-
ed to Rs. 49,700-8-10 against Rs. 47,918-14-6 in 1892-93, or Rs. 1,781-10-4
more than that of the previous year. The increase is partly due to promotions
to some of the vaccinators and to the appointment of 5 additional vaccinators;
also partly to the more travelling allowance passed to Civil Surgeons.
4
15. The average cost of each successful vaccination for the year was
Rs. 0-2-3 1/5 or about Rs. 0-0-1½ more than the preceding year.
16. The total cost of the vaccine establishment of the Feudatory States
for 1893-94 amounted to Rs. 4,477-13-0 as compared with Rs. 4,240-6-4 for
the previous year, or an increase in expenditure of Rs. 237-6-8. The increase
is partly due to the employment of two additional vaccinators and partly in
purchasing vaccine instruments, &c.
17. The average cost of each successful case was Re. 0-1-2 1/5 against
Re. 0-1-2 in the previous year.
STATEMENT No. III.
18. The total number of persons vaccinated by the Hospital Assistants
attached to the Dispensaries in the Central Provinces, both Provincial and
Native States in 1893-94 amounted to 18,903, or 467 above that of the previous
year, of which 16,594 were primary and 2,309 re-vaccinations. The total
number of successful primary vaccinations was 15,146, and of these 9,953 were
performed on infants under one year of age.
STATEMENT No. IV.
19. The figures in this statement show that the number of primary
operations and of persons successfully vaccinated in 1893-94 was less than in
the previous year.
Inspection.
20. The Civil Surgeons and Native Superintendents of Vaccination as
usual inspected most of the vaccine operations in their respective districts.
The result of their inspection is given in Statement No. V appended to this
report.
21. I inspected vaccine operations when on tour in the Jubbulpore,
Saugor, Damoh, Hoshangabad Narsinghpur, Seoni, Chhindwara, Nagpur and
Betul Districts; and the result of the inspection has already been submitted,
for the information of the Chief Commissioner, in this office letter No. 711—
596, dated the 12th March 1894.
Sources of Lymph.
22. Experimental cultivation was again carried on at Pachmarhi with
the view to supply a sufficient quantity of animal lymph with which to begin
the operations of the working season. A brief account of these experiments
is appended to this report.
In all districts vaccination was done direct from buffalo calves, which
can be easily obtained from the malguzars. The use of the "scratcher" was
prohibited, the usual vaccine lancet being used instead.
23. With reference to paragraph 9 of the Memorandum by the Army Sani-
tary Commission on the Report of the Sanitary Commissioner, Central Provin-
ces, for 1890, copy received under Secretariat letter No. 6116, dated the 3rd
September 1892, the following table is appended:
5
TABLE I.
Statement showing the Annual Mortality from Small-pox for seven years and the annual proportion of persons protected by
vaccination during each of the seven years.
Year.
1886-87.
1887-88.
1888-89.
1889-90.
Annual mortality from
small-pox.
Annual proportion of
persons protected by
vaccination per 1,000
of population.
Annual mortality from
small-pox.
Annual
proportion of
persons protected by
vaccination per 1,000
of population.
Annual mortality from
small-pox.
Annual proportion of
persons protected by
vaccination per 1000
of population.
Annual mortality from
small-pox.
Annual proportion of
persons protected by
vaccination per 1,000
of population.
Saugor.
264
30.64
268
30.71
143
31.43
334
30.76
Damoh.
94
30.36
109
25.16
151
26.24
425
27.26
Jubbulpore.
22
34.86
103
37.11
350
40.31
72
38.42
Narsinghpur.
69
34.93
20
36.57
101
60.40
228
45.07
Hoshangabad.
17
30.68
44
33.28
523
30.93
242
30.54
Nimar.
7
51.21
22
59.45
36
50.50
25
44.64
Maudla.
25
39.13
22
44.49
80
40.84
133
34.39
Betul.
36
24.23
33
27.83
77
33.58
212
30.19
Chhindwara.
1
29.25
2
54.16
70
60.36
92
53.38
Seoni.
65
40.83
76
47.22
104
45.75
490
37.95
Balaghat.
97
30.54
52
39.97
54
35.80
91
37.84
Bhandara.
1,343
28.54
440
27.80
246
30.93
823
30.71
Nagpur.
180
33.27
296
30.43
2,147
33.36
1,569
26.21
Wardha.
52
38.01
208
33.84
1,481
31.80
724
25.41
Chanda.
275
34.02
466
32.17
518
32.38
944
29.65
Raipur.
140
29.59
1,499
31.08
6,247
29.03
2,039
30.27
Bilaspur.
145
30.76
449
37.65
4,473
33.58
2,081
29.39
Sambalpur.
128
41.65
56
53.42
122
61.58
188
64.14
Total.
2,960
34.69
4,165
36.30
16,923
37.45
10,712
34.67
6
TABLE I.—(Concluded.)
Year.
1890-91.
1891-92.
1892-93.
1898-94.
Annual mortality from
small-pox.
Annual proportion of
persons protected by
vaccination per 1,000
of population.
Annual mortality from
small-pox.
Annual proportion of
persons protected by
vaccination per 1,000
of population.
Annual mortality from
small-pox.
Annual proportion of
persons protected by
vaccination per 1,000
of population.
Annual mortality from
small-pox.
Annual proportion of
persons protected by
vaccination per 1,000
of population.
Saugor.
157
32.06
84
33.09
195
34.62
58
36.26
Damoh.
41
33.68
1
30.13
50
27.30
56
28.47
Jubbulpore.
...
39.36
...
33.71
...
40.10
18
36.88
Narsinghpur.
10
30.87
12
31.54
8
29.64
15
33.57
Hoshangabad.
134
31.60
53
27.00
20
25.49
57
27.06
Nimar.
15
50.00
16
4591
...
45.21
16
46.89
Mandla.
20
42.18
22
49.62
19
53.68
6
60.09
Betal.
68
529 8
46
56.16
8
37.62
1
41.99
Chhindwara.
27
54.08
6
56.30
10
53.30
112
55.32
Seoni.
297
40.54
32
32.98
34
33.05
2
31.02
Balaghat.
65
38.86
15
35.15
5
31.39
2
31.32
Bhandara.
401
34.62
124
34.39
25
32.16
99
31.77
Nagpur.
146
31.70
35
29.87
1
3090
35
29.80
Wardha.
45
28.89
13
30.42
40
29.74
218
27.39
Chanda.
95
27.83
15
36.03
111
37.19
...
33.99
Raipur.
66
40.77
46
31.34
160
31.21
14
30.25
Bilaspur.
28
33.49
70
29.13
350
29.72
35
25.66
Sambalpur.
25
60.53
37
49.22
89
49.29
117
41.60
Total.
1,640
38.22
627
35.03
1,098
34.84
861
38.97
7
24. With reference to Government of India letter, No. 47, dated the 8th
February 1894, received under Secretariat letter No. 1325, dated the 3rd
March 1894, the prescribed diagram is appended.
25. Considering the mortality five years ago from small-pox, which des-
troyed nearly 17,000 people in the twelve months, the small number of deaths
during the year under report is a fair test of the efficacy both of vaccination
and of the working in these Provinces.
G. C. ROSS, SURGEON-COLONEL,
Administrative Medical Officer
and Sanitary Commissioner,
Central Provinces.
Secretariat Press, Nagpur:—24-7-94—200.
APPENDIX.
Report on the cultivation of Lanoline Vaccine at Pachmarhi,
for the year 1893.
The cultivation lasted from the 16th of September to the 16th of
October 1893.
The number of calves operated on.
Altogether 37 cow and buffalo calves were vaccinated, with the following
results:—
Successful
Unsuccessful
Rejected for suppuration or excessive inflammation in the vesicles
29
4
4
The "unsuccessful" cases were due to the uncertain character of the
lymph used in vaccinating the calves, viz., bovine lymph stored in capillary
tubes.
Choice of animal.
Healthy calves from 8 to 14 months old, weaned from mothers, were
taken. Younger animals were difficult to procure, the
owners objecting to part with them for the loss of
milk.
Method of inoculation.
By cross scarification with needle, a scalpel after the
German method.
The number of incisions made on a calf varied with the size of the animal
and the shaved area available :—
The maximum number made was
Minimum
Average
60
24
41
Sources of lymph used in vaccinat
ing the calves.
Stored bovine lymph was used in four cases with unsatisfactory results; in
the rest fresh human or bovine lymph was used. Calf-
to-calf cultivation was not tried after the fourth genera
tion, as the lymph was found to degenerate after that.
Collection of lymph,
Lymph was collected generally on the sixth day,
that is, after 5 Χ 24 hours.
Lanoline lymph " paste" was prepared after Dr. King's method, of the
strength of 1 in 6 of lanoline.
The total quantity of " paste " prepared was 8,800 grains from 29 calves,
giving an average of 303 grains per calf. The maximum collection from a
single calf was 780 grains, minimum 45 grains, and average 303 grains, against
780 grains, 50 grains and 267 grains respectively in 1892.
The cost of the cultivation.
The calves were procured on hire at Rs. 2 each. Each animal was kept
in the stall for 12 days on the average and fed on green
grass and gram.
The establishment consisted of two coolies on Rs. 6 each per month.