NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
xiii
TABLE XIV
Abstract of particulars regarding cattle fairs and shows held during the year 1934-35
Name of fair
1
Haripur ...
Kohat ...
Mardan ...
Total
...
Number of cattle fairs and shows
held
2
1
1
2
4
Total number of stock present
Bulls
3
250
44
300
594
Bullocks
4
161
98
251
510
Cows
5
230
105
302
637
Young stock
6
279
138
270
687
Buffaloes
7
218
93
402
713
Camels
8
...
...
54
54
Others
9
130
122
220
472
Average price of
animal sold
Bulls
10
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Bullocks
11
Rs.
...
..
...
...
Cows
12
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Buffaloes
13
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Camels
14
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Amount realized in fees
15
Rs
...
...
...
...
Total number of animals that
competed for prizes
16
1,122
466
1,281
2,869
Prize money provided
From Imperial funds
17
Rs.
...
...
...
...
From Provincial funds
18
Rs.
500
...
1,171
1,671
From Local funds
19
Rs.
600
1,286
1,172
3,058
From other sources
20
Rs.
...
...
...
...
Total
21
Rs.
1,100
1,286
2,343
4,729
Amount
actually
awarded
22
Rs.
1,100
1,286
2,140
4,526
Number of medals awarded
23
2
2
4
8
Remarks
24
Two challenge
cups were also
awarded.
xiv
TABLE XV
Statement showing cost of the Civil Veterinary Department during
the official year in the North-West Frontier Province
Major heads
1
Superintendence ...
Veterinary instruction
Subordinate establish-
ment ...
Hospitals and dispen-
saries
Breeding operations ...
Prizes ...
Fairs and shows ...
Deduct
cost
of
Veterinary Assistants
recovered from local
bodies ...
Total ...
Amount
Central
2
Rs.
...
...
4,964
2,082
2,403
...
...
...
9,449
Provincial
3
Rs.
21,257
...
63,575
...
21,700
...
...
...
1,06,532
Local
4
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
Total
5
Rs.
21,257
...
68 539
2,082
24,103
...
...
...
1,15,981
Remarks
6
GS&PDepttNWFP 2132CVD—140 -20-1-36-(5)
GOVERNMENT
OF THE
NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY . . . .
. . . . DEPARTMENT
NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE,
FOR THE YEAR
1935-36
Printed and published by the Manager,
Government Stationery and Printing,
North-West Frontier Province,
Peshawar
1936
Price—Re. 0-10-0 or £ 0-1-0
GOVERNMENT
OF THE
NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE
REPORT
ON THE
CIVIL VETERINARY . . . .
. . . . DEPARTMENT
NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE,
FOR THE YEAR
1935-36
Printed and published by the Manager,
Government Stationery and Printing,
North-West Frontier Province,
Peshawar
1938
Review by Government of the North-West Frontier
Province (Ministry of Transferred Departments) on the
Annual Report of the Civil Veterinary Department
for the year 1935-36.
Now that animal husbandry is so much in prominence, it
is satisfactory to observe that this important branch of the
Veterinary Department has not been neglected. In effect
its history starts from 1927 with the appointment of a whole-
time Superintendent for this Province. In that year there
were only 20 stud bulls, which were in the keeping of local
Khans and of which no scientific record was kept. From
then the number of bulls increased, and during the year under
report there were 212 bulls which effected 13,852 coverings.
At first Government bulls were unpopular with the people.
The latter felt that such fine looking animals would not stand
up to local conditions and only Government could afford the
cost of their maintenance. After several experiments, it was
realised that the key of the problem lay in making the bulls
the property of the ordinary zamindar, and this is the under-
lying principle of the existing subsidy scheme. Its success
is evident in the cattle shows that are held yearly throughout
the Province, where are to be seen in large numbers the off-
springs of Government stud bulls. These animals are of a fine
sturdy build, capable of ploughing two or three times the area
of land tilled by the local breed.
Owing to the success of the subsidy scheme, the Depart-
ment decided to extend it with the object of raising the standard
of the local buffalo. The number of buffaloes in the Peshawar
Vale is large and they provide the milk supply for the local
population ; yet lactation per buffalo is very low, being only
1,000 lbs. as compared with 5,000 lbs. in the case of the Nili
breed. To start a breeding farm would be prohibitively ex-
pensive, but fortunately there is in the Military Dairy Farm
an available supply of first class buffaloes. The Veterinary
Department has recently arranged to purchase from them their
buffalo calves, which will be given out to local zamindars on
the same terms as Government stud bulls. In this way it is
expected that after a few years the milk supply will be in-
creased and villages provided with a valuable source of income.
Another venture which is at present engaging the atten-
tion of the Department concerns the poultry of the Province.
2
There is not a village without its poultry, yet the local breed
makes poor table birds and the size of their eggs is notoriously
small. A poultry section has been started at Tarnab Farm
and eggs are sold to the neighbouring villages for hatching.
A general improvement in the standard of poultry in the
villages would be a great boon to the small zamindar and
assist him in eking out a living for his family when conditions
are bad. It is hoped, therefore, that it will be possible by
degrees to extend the scheme to cover the whole Province.
During the year under report the health of the cattle of
the Province has been satisfactory and the figures show a
decrease of 459 in the number of deaths from disease. The
drop was most marked in the case of rinderpest, and was
largely due to the introduction, for the first time, of goat tissue
virus vaccination, which has now taken the place of the
method known as "Serum Alone". The vaccine is pre-
pared in the laboratory of the Veterinary Department and
during the year 16,120 cattle were vaccinated with eminently
satisfactory results.
The Department has continued to expand and during
the year the number of rural and touring dispensaries rose to
53 and. 96, an increase of 30 and 34
The achievements which have been described in the
preceding paragraphs are largely the work of one man. Except
for a short period when he was relieved by his brother,
Mr. Shah has been Superintendent of the North-West Frontier
Province Veterinary Department since 1927, and Government
wish to thank him and his staff for the wonderful progress
they have made during so short a period, and hope that
success will continue to crown their efforts in the future.
ABDUL QAIYUM,
Minister,
N.-W. F. Province.
Transferred Departments.
J. R. L. BRADSHAW,
Secy. to Government,
N.-W. F. Province,
Transferred Departments.
Nathiagali :
31st August 1936.
GS&PDeptt-NWFP—1988STD—140 - 21-10-36 — (92)
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT,
NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE,
FOR THE YEAR 1935-36.
CHAPTER I—GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
1. Superintendence—
(a) Superintendent.—Mr. S. M. A. Shah, B.Sc.
(Hons.), M.R.C.V.S., (London) took over charge of the
Department from Mr. S. I. A. Shah, on the 2nd April,
1935, afternoon on the latter's transfer and held the office
for the remaining period of the year under report.
The Superintendent, toured for 188 days against 122
days' tour of the last year and travelled 12,513 miles by
road and 4,695 miles by rail.
Mr. Shah inspected all the Veterinary Hospitals, Tour-
ing Dispensaries, equine, bovine and sheep breeding
operations, castration, inoculation and vaccination perform-
ed by the staff and the Frontier Constabulary Chargers.
He inspected the Offices of Disease Investigation Officer,
North-West Frontier Province, and the Deputy Superin-
tendent, Bannu. He supervised the anti-rabic treatment
centres and mallein and tuberculin tests performed in the
Province. He personally arranged and supervised the
Horse Shows and Cattle Fairs at Haripur, Bannu, Kohat
and Peshawar. He attended the meetings of the Advisory
Board of the. Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, in
July, 1935 at Simla and in February, 1936 at Delhi. He
was nominated to the Cattle-breeding, Veterinary Progress
Reports Adhoc Committee and Wool Sub-Committees of
the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research in the deliber-
ations of which he took part at both the sessions of the
Council. He also attended the Animal Nutrition and
Dairying Sub-Committees' meetings.
He attended the Animal Husbandry Research Workers'
Conference held in February, 1936 at Delhi. He. visited
Government Cattle Farm, Hissar, to select and purchase.
2
donkey stallions, Jamnaperi bucks and Hissar dale rams.
He visited Dhanni tract of the Punjab and purchased stud-
bulls for the Province. He surveyed various tracts of the
Province to find out possibilities of the improvement of
goat, sheep and poultry. He worked on the Executive
Committee of the S. P. C. A., Peshawar Branch and also
acted as Honorary Veterinary Surgeon to the Society. He
delivered lectures on various subjects on different occasions.
He prepared and published thirty departmental leaflets on
different veterinary subjects and also supplied notes for
broadcasting.
He personally supervised the Goat Tissue Virus pre-
paration at the Veterinary Laboratory, Peshawar. He
interviewed Deputy Commissioners, Political Agents and
Members of the District Boards of different districts and
agencies who were convinced of the necessity of extension
of veterinary aid in every nook and corner of the Province.
(b) Deputy Superintendent.—Ch.
Ghulam Qadir,
P.V.S., held the charge of the Office of the Deputy
Superintendent, Bannu, upto the 7th May, 1935 when he
was transferred to the Marketing Department. He spent
19 days on tour and travelled 343 miles by road and 286
miles by rail.
After his transfer his post was held in abeyance ; the
duties being carried out by Mr. S. M. A. Shah in addition
to his own without any extra remuneration.
2. District offices—
According to the recommendations of the Royal
Commission on Agriculture in India, seven district offices
were opened at the following places :—
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Peshawar,
Abbottabad,
Kohat,
Bannu,
Dera Ismail Khan,
Parachinar, and
Durgai.
These offices have temporarily been placed in the charge
of Veterinary Assistant Surgeons and Veterinary Inspectors
pending sanction of the posts of District Veterinary Officers
3
in the gazetted rank. The creation of these posts is very
necessary as emphasized in the last year's report.
3. Subordinate establishment—Table VII—
Four Veterinary Assistant Surgeons were sanctioned
during the year. Thus at the close of the year the sanction-
ed cadre of the subordinate establishment was 39 against 35
of the last year. By adding to this list the number of
Veterinary Stock Assistants and Compounders in this
Province, the total of the staff was 92 in all at the close
of the year.
The small staff of 39 qualified men is insufficient to
cope with the progress of the veterinary activities. The
question of creation of more posts of Veterinary Assistant
Surgeons is under consideration.
Three temporary posts of clerks, two for six months
and one for four months were sanctioned during the year.
These posts were created to clear up the arrears of work
of cattle-breeding, preparation of annual report and re-
organization of office records on the modern lines. Since
the work of the Department has increased manifold the
addition of two more permanent clerks to the cadre is very
necessary for which application will be made to the Local
Government.
CHAPTER II—DISEASES AMONGST LIVESTOCK.
SECTION I—CONTAGIOUS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
4. Mortality—Table II—
During the year under report the most common diseases
were foot and mouth, hæmorrhagic septicemia, rinderpest
and black-quarter and the total number of deaths caused by
different contagious diseases was 1,713 against 2,063 in
the previous year. The distinct decrease in mortality is due
to promptness displayed by the Veterinary Department in
controlling the outbreaks at the very onset.
5. Veterinary laboratory—
The Veterinary Laboratory was shifted from the Office
of the Superintendent to the Civil Veterinary Hospital,
4
Peshawar City and was equiped with all modern scientific
apparatuses. Under the close supervision of Mr. Shah, the
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge Laboratory, examined
107 pathological specimens against 102 of the last year and
some helminth parasites were preserved in the museum of
the laboratory. Fourteen thousand and eight hundred doses
of goat tissue virus were prepared in the laboratory for
immunizing the cattle against rinderpest in this Province.
(a) EQUINE DISEASES.
6. Mortality-
There were 116 cases and 33 deaths as compared with
108 cases and 21 deaths in the preceding year.
7. Glanders—
Out of nine cases malleined during the year under report
five reacted positive for glanders in Peshawar District, which
were destroyed under the Glanders and Farcy Act and a
compensation of Rs. 180 awarded to the owners of the
positive reactors.
Every year this disease is responsible for a considerable
number of cases in this Province. In the interest of the
health of public ponies and Government chargers, I would
invite attention to my remarks given in the last year's report.
8. Surra—
One case of surra was reported from Kurram Agency
which was destroyed by the owner.
9. Anthrax—
No case of anthrax was reported during the year under
report.
10. Tetanus—
This disease was responsible for 39 seizures and 21
deaths against 24 cases and 17 deaths recorded in the pre-
vious year. The use of tetanic anti-toxin and saturated
solution of Mag. Sulph. as a curative measure, could save
47.2 per cent. of cases, which is very satisfactory.
5
11. Strangles—
During the year under report 71 seizures and six deaths
were reported as compared with 80 cases and no death in
the last year.
(b) BOVINE DISEASES.
12. Mortality-
There were 10,050 seizures and 1,293 deaths against
9,929 cases and 1,752 deaths in the preceding year. The
number of cases has not much increased and the distinct
drop in the mortality is due to vigorous curative measures
adopted by the Veterinary Department.
13. Rinderpest—
The malady was responsible for 549 seizures and 302
deaths as compared with 2,215 cases and 962 deaths in the
preceding year. It was commonly reported from Hazara
and Peshawar Districts, although a few outbreaks were also
recorded from Bannu and Kohat Districts and Kurram
Agency. This disease, which is a curse to the economic
cycle of the village life, has now been properly gagged by
the introduction of goat tissue virus vaccination.
14. Foot and Mouth disease—
This disease appeared in all the districts and agencies
of the Province and was responsible for 8,398 seizures and
67 deaths against 6,829 cases and 11 deaths in the previous
year.
For the successful control of this disease Mr. Shah
introduced the foot-baths wherever possible.
15. Hæmorrhagic Septicemia—
In view of economic loss this malady is most important
and levies a heavy toll of mortality regularly in certain
tracts of the Province. This disease was responsible for
60 per cent. of the total mortality reported from bovine
diseases and accounted for 867 seizures and 781 deaths
against 784 cases and 674 deaths of the last year.
16. Black Quarter —
This disease appeared throughout the Province except
Bannu District and accounted for 147 seizures and 129
6
deaths as compared with 33 cases and 30 deaths in the
preceding year.
17. Anthrax—
No case of anthrax was recorded during the year under
report.
(c) OTHERS.
18. Mortality—
There were 6,578 seizures and 387 deaths during the
year under report against 1,906 cases and 321 deaths in
the last year. The cases have considerably increased due
to outbreaks of foot and mouth disease which is held
responsible for 5,756 cases and 130 deaths.
19. Rabies—
During the year under report 48 dogs were suspected
for rabies, out of which brains of seven cases were despatch-
ed to the Director, Pasteur Institute of India, Kasauli, who
confirmed all the cases as positive.
A marked decrease in the number of cases noticed is
due to the fact that anti-rabic treatment was given to dogs
at various centres as a prophylactic measure.
Rabies is the most fatal and dangerous disease both
for human beings and animals the control of which is en-
trusted to the Civil Veterinary Department. In this sense
the Department is rendering valuable service to the public.
20. Distemper—
This is the most common contagious disease of dogs
recorded in all the districts of the Province. Out of 376
cases 247 were successfully treated in various dispensaries.
21. Tick Fever—
Six cases of tick fever were recorded in dogs in Kohat
and Peshawar Districts out of which four were saved with
sulfarsenol injections.
22. Canine Typhus—
Only one case was noticed and successfully treated in
Peshawar District.
7
23. Fowl Cholera—
This disease appeared in Peshawar, Hazara and
Kohat Districts and is responsible for mortality in poultry
in this Province. Out of 129 cases treated 81 died against
210 cases and 141 deaths recorded in the preceding year.
24. Ranikhet disease—
This disease was reported from Peshawar, Bannu and
Kohat Districts and accounted for 44 seizures and 31 deaths
against 46 cases and 29 deaths, in the preceding year.
25. Fowl Diphtheria—
During the year under report this disease was report-
ed from Kurram Agency and Peshawar District and was
responsible for 33 seizures and seven deaths against 31
cases and 15 deaths in the previous year.
(d) PREVENTIVE INOCULATION.
26. Preventive inoculations against Rinderpest—
During the year under report "Serum Alone" method
of inoculation was continued in 25 outbreaks of rinderpest
in which 3,980 cattle were inoculated.
The only procedure adopted in this Province upto now
for combating outbreaks of rinderpest was the "Serum
Alone" method, which gave immunity for 9 to 12 days.
This method is subject to the very serious limitation that
it confers immunity for less than a fortnight, whilst infection
may persist in a village for a much longer period. Animals
are, therefore, liable to contract disease unless re-inoculated
and when they are re-inoculated the process is discredited
in the eyes of the public. Re-inoculation is not only
expensive, but, when an outbreak is spread, is often
impossible.
In view of the aforesaid circumstances the goat tissue
virus vaccination was introduced for the first time in this
Province in November, 1935 and 16,120 cattle were vacci-
nated within a short period of five months
This method
of vaccination gave very satisfactory results at a very
cheaper cost.
8
27. Preventive
inoculation
against
Hæmorrhagic
Septicemia—
Four thousand, four hundred and nineteen cattle were
inoculated with H. S. serum in 16 outbreaks against 7,190
cattle inoculated in 37 outbreaks during the last year.
Six thousand, six hundred and nineteen cattle were
also vaccinated against H. S. against 16,488 cattle vacci-
nated in the preceding year. The vaccination was also
tried in face of outbreaks with successful results.
28. Preventive inoculations against Black-Quarter—
Seven hundred and nineteen cattle were vaccinated
against Black-Quarter in Dera Ismail Khan District against
800 cattle vaccinated in the preceding year.
29. Preventive inoculations against Rabies—
During the year under report 62 dogs were given anti-
rabic treatment against 29 dogs in the previous year. The
results achieved both by the Mulford and Pasteur vaccine
were excellent.
Seven members of the staff also underwent the anti-
rabic treatment at the various centres.
30. Preventive inoculations against Distemper—
Twenty-seven dogs were successfully vaccinated against
Distemper in various veterinary hospitals and laboratory in
the Province,
31. Expenditure of sera and vaccine—
A sum of Rs. 15,000 was spent on purchase and pre-
paration of sera and vaccine against Rs. 21,335 spent in
the preceding year.
SECTION II—NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
32. Treatment of diseases on tour—Table IV—
During the year under report the subordinate staff
toured in 6,243 villages against 5,704 in the preceding year.
The number of animals castrated and treated for non-
contagious diseases by the staff on tour was 20,519 and
48,781 respectively against 25,153 and 45,548 of the last
9
year. This increase in number of animals treated on tour
is mainly due to the fact that the people are realizing and
utilizing the services of the Department to their utmost.
The up-to-date scientific method of castration with the
Burdizzo. Castrator has become very popular among the
rural population and they now condemn their antiquated
method of castrating their animals by stones. The modern
method is absolutely bloodless and far less troublesome.
33. Criminal poisoning—
The staff conducted post mortem examination on 13
cases suspected for criminal poisoning, out of which 12 were
confirmed by the Chemical Examiner against 31 and 9
respectively in the preceding year. The accused were dealt
with legally. Most of the cases were reported from Hazara
and Kohat Districts and arsenic was the common poison
used.
SECTION III—VETERINARY INSTITUTION.
34. Veterinary hospitals and rural dispensaries—Table
V—
During the year under report 10 more rural dispen-
saries were opened. The total number of dispensaries was
thus raised to 53 against 43 in the last year. This shows
that the Department is becoming more popular and it is
leaving no stone unturned to make its services available to
the public in every corner of the Province. More rural
dispensaries mean more cases treated and better facilities
awarded to the public in securing veterinary aid. Besides
these institutions serve the purpose of centres for the con-
trol of contagious diseases and the improvement of the
indigenous livestock.
At these institutions 171,678 animals received treat-
ment against 153,411 in the preceding year.
35. Field Veterinary Dispensaries—
In addition to the permanent hospitals and rural dis-
pensaries 34 more touring dispensaries were opened, which
were attended once a week by the nearest Veterinary
Assistant. Thus at the end of the year there were 96
10
touring dispensaries at work, where 51,985 animals were
treated against 37,005 in the past year.
The extension of such centres in remote places has
brought the veterinary aid within easy reach of zamindars.
36. Buildings-
All the rural dispensaries in the Province are lying in
the hired buildings, most of which are quite unsuitable for
such institutions.
Government has been addressed to
sanction grant-in-aid to the District Boards for the construc-
tion of buildings for these dispensaries.
During the year under report no additions or alterations
were made in the existing buildings of the veterinary
hospitals.
CHAPTER III—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY.
37. The livestock industry—
The livestock industry is the corner stone of the agricul-
tural development and the role of animal industry in agricul-
ture whether modern or primitive needs no recommendation.
Indeed animal industry in India is one of the biggest key
industries of the whole world, which everywhere needs
organized development, on the lines which have proved
so profitable in most successful livestock centres. Its
importance to the agriculturist can hardly be over estimated.
Good breeds of farm animals are necessary for him as are
good quality seed, sun shine and water. Now-a-days when
many schemes are being launched to ameliorate the hard
lot of a farmer it would be not out of place to draw the
attention of the public as well as the authorities concerned
to the critical study of farm animals and their relative
importance. At the very outset it should clearly be borne
in mind that the days of unrestricted grazing and unchecked
increase of stock are gone. Now only a limited number
of livestock can be profitably reared by each agriculturist
on his holding. All surplus stock which ceases to be use-
ful have to be disposed of and in the quickest and most
economical way. It is thus, that by allowing sufficient
grazing to carefully selected and well bred stock that an
agriculturist derives any profit.