NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
4
10. It is very satisfactory to observe that the operations performed on
infants by Khalsa vaccinators are steadily increasing. The figures for the past-
four years are given below:—
1889-90 ...
1890-91 ...
1891-92 ...
1892-93 ...
183,968
206,316
220,031
227,553
11. The percentage of success in primary operations claimed by Khalsa
vaccinators and the percentage as seen by Civil Surgeons and Native Superin-
tendents of vaccination in the last three years is shown below :—
Years.
1890-91 ... ..
1891-92 ... ..
1892-93 ... ..
Claimed by Vacci-
nators.
96.43
96.52
96.61
As seen by Civil
Surgeons.
89.12
90.29
93.11
As seen by Native
Superintendents.
91.71
93.70
93.46
12. The average number of operations performed by each vaccinator of
the Khalsa establishment was 1,839, or only 32 less compared with that of
1891-92. But when compared with that of the averages returned by the vacci-
nators of Bengal, Madras, and the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, it con-
trasts favourably. The average varied from 1,394 in the Seoni District to 2,476
in the Chhindwara District.
13. Of the 18 districts of these Provinces 8 show an increase in the pri-
mary operations and 10 a decrease. The increase varied from 3,124 in the dis-
trict of Jubbulpore to 6 in the Seoni District. Similarly the decrease ranged
from 2,234 in the Sambalpur District to 208 in the Raipur District.
The following table gives the actual increase and decrease in the number
of primary operations performed by the Khalsa vaccinators between the seasons
1891-92 and 1892-93 :—
Districts.
Saugor ... ...
Damoh
...
...
Jubbulpore ... ...
Narsinghpur ... ...
Hoshangabad ... ...
Nimar ... ...
Mandla
...
...
Betul ... ...
Chhindwara ... ...
Seoni ... ...
Balaghat
...
...
Bhandara ... ...
Nagpur ... ...
Wardha ... ...
Chanda ... ...
Raipur ... ...
Bilaspur ... ...
Sambalpur ... ...
Primary Vaccination.
+ 2,192
+ 385
+ 3,124
— 587
— 782
— 218
+ 542
— 383
+ 182
+
6
— 876
—1,334
+ 1,754
— 213
— 345
— 208
+ 531
— 2,234
Including Zamindari vaccina-
tions.
From the above table it will be seen that the decrease is marked in the
districts of Sambalpur, Bhandara, Balaghat, Hoshangabad, Narsinghpur, Betul
and Chanda.
5
14. In Sambalpur there has been a great falling off. The Civil Surgeon
explains this as follows: " In the Khalsa this is principally due to the idleness
of one of the vaccinators." The vaccinators so badly reported on have been
heavily punished.
15. In the Bhandara District the Civil Surgeon explains that the decrease
of work is due to want of a little timely assistance to the department in several
instances by the Tahsildars of Tirora and Sakoli.
16. The Civil Surgeon, Balaghat, explains that the decrease in the number
is due to the introduction of the new method of vaccination, viz., from buffalo
to arm instead of arm-to-arm, which takes a very much larger portion of the vacci-
nator's time, and also to there being less children available for vaccination.
17. The Civil Surgeon, Hoshangabad, attributes the decrease chiefly to the
placing of an entirely new man in the Harda circle in the absence of one first
class vaccinator who was appointed to act as Native Superintendent.
18. The Civil Surgeon, Narsinghpur, states that the decrease is due to lack
of zeal on the part of two of the vaccinators and to the inexperience of the third.
19. The decrease in the operations at Betul, the Civil Surgeon explains, is
owing to low birth-rate.
20. At Chanda the decrease in the primary operations is only 345, and the
Civil Surgeon gives no reason for this decrease.
21. The following table shows the total number of children available for
vaccination in each district and the number of successful operations performed in
it during the year 1892-93 :—
TABLE II.
Districts.
Saugor ...
Damoh ...
Jubbulpore
...
Narsinghpur ...
Hoshangabad
...
Nimar ...
Mandla ...
Betul ...
Chhindwara ...
Seoni ...
Balaghat ...
Bhandara ...
Nagpur ...
Wardha ...
Chanda ...
Raipur ...
Bilaspur ...
Sambalpur ...
CENTRAL PROVINCES ...
No. of
births in
1892-93.
23,228
13,076
29,147
13,869
20,362
10,966
13,094
13,513
15,035
14,441
13,895
29,795
28,139
16,106
21,199
43,789
28,482
14,723
362,859
Deaths
among child-
ren under
one year
in 1892-93
from all
causes.
5,152
2,617
6,643
2,954
4,432
2,536
3,010
3,079
3,495
3,139
3,811
7,632
7,481
4,553
5,669
12,873
8,073
4,878
92,027
No. of children
under one year
available for
vaccine oper-
ations.
18,076
10,459
22,504
10,915
15,930
8,430
10,084
10,434
11,540
11,302
10,084
22,163
20,658
11,553
15,530
30,916
20,409
9,845
270,832
No. of children
under one year
successfully vacci-
nated by vaccina-
tors in 1892-93.
13,428
7,033
18,727
9,793
11,134
9,923
4,177
9,537
11,770
8,633
9,855
18,964
14,083
7,601
10,076
27,128
12,304
9,505
213,671
REMARKS.
Excluding
Zamindari
vaccinations.
From the above table it will be seen that in Nimar and Chhindwara the
number of successful operations reported to have been performed among infants
under one year was greater than the number of children actually available in
1892-93; this I think is attributable to the fact that children born in the previ-
ous year who were left unvaccinated on account of their tender age were operat-
ed upon in 1892-93. In the districts of Balaghat, Sambalpur, Betul and Nar-
8
25. I append the following table showing the number of vaccine opera-
tions performed with lanoline paste and the number of successes obtained. The
full report on the experimental depôts established at Pachmarhi and Narsingh-
pur is appended to this report as an appendix:—
TABLE
IV.
Districts.
Saugor ...
Damoh ...
Jubbulpore ...
Narsinghpur ...
Hoshangabad ...
Nimar ...
Mandla ...
Betul ...
Chhindwara ...
Seoni ...
Balaghat ...
Bhandara ...
Nagpur ...
Wardha ...
Chanda ...
Raipur ...
Bilaspur ...
Sambalpur ...
Total ...
No. of Vaccine operations
performed by paste.
1,472
418
5,699
1,530
2,427
639
1,520
740
1,236
801
582
1,826
3,727
486
No. proved successful.
1,304
210
5,380
1,300
2,384
556
1,321
487
552
603
381
1,381
2,086
341
Not avail able.
3,933
2,607
2,747
32,390
3,766
2,146
2,505
26,703
STATEMENT No. II.
26. Table V is appended as usual, which gives the cost of the Provincial
and Feudatory Vaccination Establishment for the last three seasons. The total
amount expended during the year under review for the Provincial and Feuda-
tory Establishment taken together was Rs. 52,159-4-10 against Rs. 51,143-9-3 in
the previous year, and the average cost for each successful vaccination was
Rs. 0-2-0, compared with Rs. 0-1-11¼ in 1891-92.
9
TABLE V.
Provincial ...
Feudatory States ...
Total ...
1890-91.
Pay of Estab-
lishment.
Rs.
40,353
3,695
44,048
a.
0
0
0
p.
1
7
8
Travelling
allowance.
Rs.
4,504
240
4,744
a.
10
0
10
p.
6
0
6
Contin-
gencies.
Rs.
889
159
l,048
a.
7
1
9
p.
5
7
0
Total.
Rs.
45,747
4,094
49,841
a.
2
2
4
p.
0
2
2
1891-92.
Pay of Estab-
lishment.
Rs.
40,648
4,104
44,752
a.
4
8
12
p.
7
1
8
Travelling
allowance.
Rs.
4,945
a.
8
p.
6
...
4,945 8 6
Contin-
gencies.
Rs.
1,286
158
1,445
a.
6
13
4
p.
10
3
1
Total.
Rs.
46,880
4,263
51,143
a.
3
5
9
p.
11
4
3
1892-93.
Pay of Estab-
lishment.
Rs.
41,584
4,130
45,714
a.
5
2
8
p.
8
5
1
Travelling
allowance.
Rs.
4,551
a.
2
p.
6
......
4,551 2 6
Contin-
gencies.
Rs.
1,783
110
1,893
a.
6
3
10
p.
4
11
3
Total.
Rs.
47,918
4,240
52,159
a.
14
6
4
p.
6
4
10
1890-91.
Average
cost of
each suc-
cessful
case.
Rs.
0
0
0
a.
2
1
1
p.
0½
2½
0¾
1891-92.
Average
cost of
each suc-
cessful
case.
Rs.
0
0
0
a.
2
1
11
p.
0¾
1½
1¼
1892-93.
Average
cost of
each suc-
cessful
case.
Rs.
0
0
0
a.
2
1
2
p.
1¾
2½
0
10
27. The cost of the Provincial Vaccine Establishment was Rs. 47,918-14-6
compared with Rs. 46,880-3-11 in 1891-92. The increase of Rs. 1,038-10-7 in
the year under review is due to promotion to some of the vaccinators and to the
appointment of an additional vaccinator; also partly to the cultivation of animal
lymph. The average Provincial cost of each successful vaccination was
Rs. 0-2-1 ¾ compared with Rs. 0-2-0¾ in the previous year.
28. In the Feudatory States the cost of the Vaccine Establishment was
Rs. 4,240-6-4, against Rs. 4,263-5-4 in 1891-92. The decrease is very slight.
The average cost of each successful case is Rs. 0-1-2 1/5, against Rs. 0-1-1 1/3 in the
previous year.
STATEMENT No. III.
29. The total number of persons vaccinated by Hospital Assistants attached
to the Dispensaries both in the Khalsa and Feudatory States of these Provinces
was 910 more than in the previous year.
30. The vaccine operations performed by each Civil Hospital Assistant
are shown in the following table:—
TABLE
VI.
District.
Saugor
...
Damoh
...
Jubbulpore
...
Narsinghpur
...
Hoshangabad
...
Nimar
...
Mandla
...
Name of Dispensary.
Deori ...
Rehli ...
Garhakota ...
Kurai ...
Jail Hospital ...
Damoh ...
Hatta
...
Pathuria ...
Jabera ...
Jail and Police ...
City Branch ...
Murwara ...
Sihora ...
Bijeragogarh
...
Central Jail ...
Civil Station ...
Narsinghpur ...
Gadarwara ...
Chhindwara ...
Harda ...
Seoni ...
Sohagpur ...
Pachmarhi ...
Kothi Bazaar ...
Makrai ...
Pandhana ...
Asirgarh ...
Mandhatta ...
Civil Station ...
Mandla Main ...
Dindori ...
Police and Jail ...
Number of Vaccina-
tions at each Dipensary
in 1891-92.
145
179
205
402
69
...
327
263
121
333
450
241
269
176
116
103
373
245
176
...
224
135
...
330
36
159
53
49
16
74
179
1
1,000
1,044
1,355
794
725
277
254
Number of Vaccina-
tions at each Dis-
pensary in 1892-93.
263
176
273
403
...
23
381
226
161
74
311
299
243
239
123
107
319
359
139
183
188
240
31
348
99
169
49
46
13
70
223
...
1,115
865
1,322
817
1,089
277
293
11
District.
Betul
...
Chhindwara
...
Seoni ...
Balaghat
...
Bhandara
...
Nagpur ...
Wardha
...
Chanda
...
Raipur
...
Bilaspur
...
Sambalpur
...
Name of Dispensary.
Badnur Main ...
Maltai ...
Betul Branch ...
Jail and Police ...
Chhindwara ...
Lodhikhera ...
Lakhnadon ...
Balaghat Main ...
Waraseoni ...
Katangi ...
Behir ...
Tirora ...
Sakoli ...
Pauni ...
Tumsar ...
Khapa ...
Mowar ...
Katol ...
Ramtek ...
Umrer ...
Wardha Main ...
Hinganghat ...
Arvi ...
Deoli ...
Sindhi ...
Armori ...
Mul ...
Brahmapuri ...
Sironcha ...
Allapilly ...
Warora ...
Drug ...
Dhamtari ...
Arang ...
Paragaon or Bindranowagarh ...
Khuji ...
Nandgaon ...
Khairagarh ...
Kanker ...
Dondi Lohara ...
Bilaspur ...
Mungeli ...
Janjgir ...
Sakti ...
Kawardha ...
Pendra ...
Pandaria ...
Sambalpur Main ...
Bargarh ...
Jail ...
Rampur ...
Padampur ...
Sarangarh ...
Junagarh
...
Raigarh ...
Bhowani Patna ...
Sonpur ...
Borasambar ...
Phuljhar ...
Number of Vaccina-
tions at each Dispensary
in 1891-92.
176
277
129
5
1,881
1,142
199
265
336
210
53
246
173
270
280
325
179
188
71
150
157
209
198
125
151
334
215
131
28
54
...
379
434
222
14
204
55
...
26
...
54
128
218
199
170
70
122
201
359
6
...
404
267
60
273
10
9
30
6
587
3,023
199
864
969
913
840
762
1,334
961
1,625
Number of Vaccina-
tions at each Dis-
pensary in 1892-93.
163
205
103
...
1,164
722
201
265
409
204
54
232
198
303
362
359
202
239
250
133
167
214
184
102
154
437
254
314
129
...
404
260
462
291
13
...
...
110
94
263
37
105
145
237
184
51
167
348
322
15
34
274
171 40
271
15
...
230
292
471
1,886
201
932
1,095
1,183
821
1,538
1,493
926
2,112
12
STATEMENT No. IV.
31. This statement shows the progress of vaccination in these Provinces
since 1867. On the whole it has been steady. The figures have only been
exceeded in the years 1883, 1889 and 1892.
32. The following notes are gathered from the Reports of the Civil
Surgeons.
Saugor.—In the first instance vaccination was begun with the lymph
cultivated in the district. Towards the end of September lanoline paste
received from Pachmarhi was brought into use. The amount received at vari-
ous times between the 27th September and 10th October was in all 8 drams and
20 grains; and the results of vaccination with it were generally good. It
was active for about two weeks; the vesicles matured well; there was quite
enough of inflammation, and the cicatrices left were deep and broad generally.
The number of operations done by buffalo lymph, either direct or in tubes,
and by human lymph, by arm-to-arm operations or in tubes, was about the
same.
The total number of vaccine operations done during the season was 22,634,
of which 1,115 were done by Civil Hospital Assistants.
33. Damoh.—Four hundred and eighteen vaccinations were performed
with the lanoline paste, of which 210 were successful. Animal lymph was used
in 2,410 cases, giving a success of 2,191. Human lymph was used in 8,181
cases, of which 7,219 were successful.
These results contrast with those obtained from lanoline paste, although
no authoritative opinion can be formed on statistics drawn from 418 cases
The lanoline paste received was fairly active in most cases ; vesicles matured
no earlier; inflammatory action nearly the same as human lymph, arm-to-arm,
and the cicatrices were of ordinary character.
As to animal vaccination a good deal of trouble is caused by the apathetic
attitude of the people. Even buffalo calves are not easily obtained.
In the tours of inspection by the Civil Surgeon great care was exercised
in examining the cases, as in the majority of cases the result as stated in the
vaccination forms was found to be correct. This shows the good effects of the
vigilance exercised in former years.
The Civil Surgeon considers the work to have been well and carefully
done, and the returns reliable.
34. Jubbulpore.—The supply of lymph was kept up throughout the year
from arm-to-arm vaccination. At the commencement of the season two calves
were vaccinated in the city, and with the lymph thus obtained the work of the
season was begun.
The lanoline paste received from Pachmarhi (26 boxes) in the beginning
of October was distributed to the vaccinators, who report very favourably of it,
showing 96 per cent. of successful cases. The lymph did not remain alive long.
13
It commenced to fail about the middle of December 1892, i. e., nearly 2½
months after its receipt. The cases (17) vaccinated by the Assistant Surgeon
proved all successful. In no case did any great constitutional symptoms
appear except fever, lasting from two to four days. There was no ulceration in
any case.
The system of animal vaccination being quite new in the district, the
vaccination staff met with considerable opposition on the part of the villagers
in general, and so the work made very little progress until towards the
beginning of January 1893. This system, however, is now working fairly
well and will soon gain popularity. In all 491 calves were vaccinated in the
district.
The total number of operations performed amounts to 32,828, against
29,238 for the year preceding, being an increase of 3,590. Of these, 1,172 (pri-
mary) have been performed by the Civil Hospital Assistants. The increase in
the number of operations is due to the abundant supply of lanoline paste and
fresh bovine lymph.
Assistant Surgeons Rajoni Kantha Das Gupta and Durga Das Sen were
deputed to inspect vaccination in this district. They are reported to have visited
672 villages and inspected 7,658 children.
35. Narsinghpur.—The work of the season was started with lanoline
vaccine lymph received from Pachmarhi. Out of the total of 12,053 opera-
tions 6,912 were done from calf or buffalo lymph taken direct, 1,530 from
lanoline paste and 3,611 by arm-to-arm operations.
The activity of the paste is like human lymph taken direct from the arm;
the vesicles matured usually a day later; the inflammatory action was not more
or less than with human lymph, and cicatrices were typical.
Animal vaccination in the villages was only tentatively introduced. Be-
fore commencing operations, the advantages of animal over human lymph were
fully explained to the people, which the more enlightened among them seemed
to understand and appreciate; and it is satisfactory to note that no active oppo-
sition was felt. The results have been so hopeful that it is intended next year
to substitute animal for human lymph.
The total number of primary operations performed has been 12,044 as
compared with 12,604 in the preceding year, showing a decrease of 560.
This decrease is attributed to lack of zeal on the part of two of the vaccinators
and to the inexperience of the third. But on the whole the vaccinators have
done fairly well so far as their relations with the people are concerned.
The Civil Surgeon was out in camp 40 days and inspected 4,641 vaccinated
children, the cultivation of animal lymph at the head-quarters having kept
him from going out till the end of February 1893. The results of the inspec-
tion have been satisfactory on the whole. In no case was wilful falsification
of the returns noticed.
36. Hoshangabad.—The vaccination work of the season was begun with the
lymph received from Pachmarhi. It was received on different dates commenc-
14
ing from the 20th September 1892. Altogether 2,427 operations were done with
it, of which 2,384 proved successful.
The paste was active, and if used properly and carefully never failed to
bring about successful vaccination.
The total number vaccinated by human lymph was 7,625, of which 7,603
were successful, and the total number vaccinated with calf or buffalo lymph
was 5,603, out of which 5,204 are said to have been successful.
Animal vaccination was carried on in this district as far as possible, but
it was not commenced in the beginning of the season. The instructions to
carry out this new system of vaccination was received late in November, and a
considerable time was lost in getting parwanas from the Deputy Commissioner
for assistance in procuring calves. By the time this was done the vaccination
season was nearly half over. Still a good commencement has been made.
But in the next season this method of vaccination will be extensively carried
on throughout the district.
There is a slight falling off in the number of vaccinations in the district.
This decrease is due to the placing of an entirely new man in the Harda circle
at the time Vaccinator Syad Ishaq was appointed to act as Native Superin-
tendent, and consequently there was a falling off this year.
The Civil Surgeon was 31 days out in the district, and inspected 1,097
children, with a percentage of success of 97.72; and he reports that the vaccin-
ation he saw was good. The permanent Native Superintendent being sick,
his place was filled up temporarily on the 4th January by Vaccinator Syad
Ishaq, who inspected a good deal of the work in the district. He also did
good work in instructing the vaccinators in the mode of conducting animal
vaccination.
37. Nimar.—In the month of October the vaccinators were instructed
in the method of vaccinating from calves, and the system of animal vaccin-
ation was at once put in full progress. It was introduced into almost every
village of the district, buffalo calves being chiefly used for the purpose in order
that the prejudices and susceptibilities of the people might not at first be rudely
opposed.
Of the 12,542 operations performed during the year, 9,584 were done with
lymph taken directly from the calf, and 2,958 were from arm-to-arm and lanoline
lymph paste. The results obtained from animal vaccination were very good.
Lanoline paste was received on several occasions. That received in the
beginning of the season was fairly good. The lymph remained active for 15
or 20 days. The lymph received from Narsinghpur was not at all efficacious,
only a small percentage of success being obtained from it.
The Civil Surgeon was on tour for 46 days and inspected 342 villages and
saw 7,647 cases of vaccination. The vaccination staff is well spoken of.
38. Mandla.—Lymph was maintained by arm-to-arm operations
throughout the year. But towards the end of July, when heavy rains prevented
15
the vaccinators working, the lymph failed. This temporary failure was, how-
ever, overcome by obtaining six tubes from the Deputy Sanitary Commissioner,
Poona.
Eight instalments of lanoline lymph paste were received from Pachmarhi
from 22nd September to 5th October. It was in excellent condition and very
active; and the success obtained with it was highly satisfactory. The second
supply received from Narsinghpur was not quite as successful.
A total of 1,520 operations were performed with the lanoline paste, of
which 1,321 were successful. The operations done with the Narsinghpur lymph
were 468 with 368 successful cases.
The vaccination staff was thoroughly instructed in animal vaccination and
the use of lanoline paste. There were some obstacles to carry out the opera-
tions by vaccinating cow-calves by Brahmin vaccinators. These were gradually
overcome; the Brahmins willingly vaccinated buffalo calves. The animal vac-
cination has, however, made some progress this season. More energy will be
displayed in this direction in future.
The vaccination staff is reported to have done good work, with the excep-
tion of one vaccinator, by name Bhagwan Singh, who did not work in his own
circle, but kept poaching in the circles of other men; so that, though he has
given a good number and the work done is good, he caused considerable incon-
venience to other vaccinators by spoiling their line of work. He has been
warned.
The Civil Surgeon was out on vaccination tour of inspection for 56 days,
and inspected 6,607 operations with 6,479 successful cases.
There occurred only 17 deaths from small-pox in the district.
39. Betul.—Lymph was preserved during the year by arm-to-arm vaccin-
ation; and at the commencement of the season two calves were inoculated, and
the resulting lymph, being found to be of good quality, was given out to the
vaccinators for use in their respective circles.
The first supply of lanoline lymph paste was received from Pachmarhi
on the 27th September 1892. It was given a trial at the Main Dispensary,
Badnur, where it was found to be very successful. Altogether fifteen boxes of
the paste were received from time to time. The percentage of success obtained
with this lymph was only 69.5, against 98.3 in cases where no lanoline paste
was used. This want of success is due in a great measure to insecure packing
and consequent deterioration of the lymph. Thus, where the lymph was received
by vaccinators soon after its despatch, the results were good, but where it fol-
lowed the vaccinators from village to village, and was thus constantly handled
before use, the results were not satisfactory. It loses its efficacy after 35
days; 13,277 operations were performed, thus: —
Arm to arm ...
Animal lymph ...
Lanoline paste ...
No.
10,177
2,360
740
The Civil Surgeon was out in camp 26 days and visited 312 villages, and
inspected 2,951 cases.