Scientific Memoirs by
base slightly narrowed, the apex contracted just under the persistent calyx
teeth. Seeds thin, flat, with a broad membranous jagged and ciliate margin,
pointed at one end.
This is, in habit, one of the most distinct forms of Cinchona known to me. The
stem is slender and straight, and bears a large number of thin, stout branches, from 3 to
4 feet long. As the stem grows, these branches begin first to bend downwards and then
to drop off ; so that an old tree of this species, with its long, thin, naked stem and tuft of
short terminal branches, looks like a palm or tree-fern, and can be distinguished even at
a considerable distance from any other species of Cinchona. The bark of this species,
when three years old, yielded the Cinchona alkaloids in the following proportions :—
Quinine sulphate .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2.87 per cent.
Cinchonidine „
.
.
.. .
.
.
.
.
2.94
"
Cinchonine alkaloid .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 0.72
"
For a long time this was known on the Sikkim plantation as " hybrid No. 1 . " I
n o w
dedicate it as a species to Mr. J. A. Gammie, Deputy Superintendent of the Government
Cinchona Plantation in Sikkim, who has lived amongst cultivated Cinchonas for five and
twenty years, and whose field knowledge of them is quite unrivalled in this part of India.
PLATE I.—Cinchona Gammiana, King.—1, Part of a panicle; 2, fully expanded flower with bud ;
10, ripe capsule; it, capsule dehisced : of natural size ; 3, corolla; 4, vertical section of corolla; 5, ovary, style
and stigma,—magnified three times ; 6, stigma showing its unequal lobes ; 7, side view of stigma ; 8, front
view of anther ; 9, back view of anther ; magnified twelve times.
Cinchona Thwaitesii, nov. spec.—A much-branched, spreading, small tree ;
the young shoots densely pubescent. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, the base
rounded or narrowed, the petioles rather short in young leaves, but lengthening
with age ; upper surface with a few short soft scattered pairs when young,
glabrous when adult ; under-surface softly puberulous ; main nerves about seven
pairs, faintly scrobiculate at their junction with the mid-rib ; length of blade 6 or
7 inches ; petiole flattened on the upper surface, 1.25 to 1.5 inches long in adult
leaves. Panicles large, terminal, cymose, leafy, lax, much-branched, puberulous,
2 to 3 feet in diameter ; ultimate cymes 2 to 3-flowered. Calyx-tube puberulous,
closely adherent to the ovary for three-fourths of its length ; the free upper part
5-toothed, embracing the base of the corolla. Corolla of a dark rosy red ; the
tube narrowly cylindric, puberulous externally, glabrous within ; the limb with five
linear, slightly acuminate, reflexed teeth ; their edges densely clothed with large
sub-glandular white ciliae. Capsules narrowly oblong, slightly falcate, corn-
pressed, tapering to each end, puberulous, crowned by the short calyx-teeth.
Seeds membranous, flat, with irregularly erose, shortly ciliate edges.
This species appeared at Rungbee, in the Cinchona Plantation of the Government in
Sikkim, amongst seedlings raised in December 1865, from seeds received from the late
Dr. G. Thwaites, Director of the Cinchona Plantation of the Ceylon Government.
These seeds were received from Ceylon before C. succirubra or any other species than
C. o f f i c i n a l i s h a d f l o w e r e d i n t h a t i s l a n d . T h e y c o u l d n o t , t h e r e f o r e , h a v e b e e n t h e
offspring of a hybrid formed in Ceylon between C. officinalis and C. succirubra, as has
been suggested ; and the probability is that the parent plants had been reared in Ceylon
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