NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
3
6. Amongst Europeans insanity was most prevalent between the ages
of 20 and 25, there being 32 cases amongst men of that age. There were
25 cases between 25 and 30, 15 between 30 and 35, and 12 between 35
and 40, leaving 8 cases, 1 of which was below 20 and 7 above 40.
Somewhat different results are shown by the Native returns.
Out
of 705 cases of which the ages are given, 99 were between 20 and 25, 121
between 25 and 30, 129 between 30 and 35, and 119 between 35 and 40.
The fact that insanity attacks Europeans more early than Natives is doubt-
less due to climate. As regards race the Asylum population was divided as
follows:—
Europeans ...................................
Eurasians ...................................
Native Christians ...................................
Hindoos ...................................
Mussulmans ...................................
Parsees ...................................
Jews ...................................
Other castes ...................................
92
13
39
393
225
35
1
12
7. The health of Lunatics is always bad, mental being generally as-
sociated with bodily ailments. The principal diseases in 1873-74 were fever,
diarrhœa, and dysentery. The following table shows the relative sickness
in Asylums amongst Natives (almost all the Europeans being soldiers on
their way to England, and the Eurasian Lunatics being few in number,
separate figures for these classes need not be quoted):—
Colaba ...................................
Ahmedabad ...................................
Hyderabad ...................................
Poona ...................................
Dharwar ...................................
Total
Insanes.
321
142
140
72
30
Treated for
Bodily Disease.
301
84
23
9
0
This shows that Colaba is really the most unhealthy Asylum of all in spite
of its unusually healthy situation. Its insalubrity is due, in the Surgeon
General's opinion, to two principal causes : first, insufficient water-supply ;
second, confined space and want of garden and out-door employment. On
the other hand His Excellency in Council is glad to find that, notwithstand-
ing the supposed unsuitability of the site and buildings of the Asylum at
Hyderabad, the sickness there has been comparatively small in 1873-74.
The total deaths in Lunatic Asylums were 58 in number, or 8 per cent. on
the total treated, which is satisfactory.
8. The Surgeon General has included in his tables information relative
to the conditions of the Lunatics as regards marriage. Although no general
doctrine can well be derived from these figures, still the preparation of
the table is a step in the right direction. If the deductions which the
table gives are to be trusted, married Lunatics have the lowest death-rate,
and are more easily cured, whilst the widowed have the highest death-rate
and the fewest cures of all.
9. Table X., which shows what the Lunatics have been employed upon
and the work done by them, is somewhat disappointing. His Excellency
5
year, the cost of each Hindoo or Mahomedan being Rs. 203-3-7 against
Rs. 258-10-7. At Poona the cost of each Native was Rs. 187-3-4, a slight
increase over 1872-73, due to a large expenditure on new bedding. At
Dharwar the cost was Rs. 136-8-5, almost the same as before, while at
Ahmedabad the cost was reduced from Rs. 95-12-4 to Rs. 82-10-9, and at
Hyderabad from Rs. 99-7-1 to Rs. 86-7-5. The average cost of each Native
in relation to establishment varied from Rs. 37-1-7 at Ahmedabad to
Rs. 105-9-2 at Colaba. The average cost in relation to diet, which is an
important item, the charges on this account coming to about 40 per cent.
of the total net expenditure, shows in all cases a great improvement. The
dieting of Europeans was Rs. 200-9-1 and of Native Christians, &c., at
Colaba Rs. 114-0-2 per head, as against Rs. 220-0-6 and 159-11-0 in 1872-73.
The cost of dieting Natives was as follows :—
Colaba ... ... ... ...
Poona ... ... ... ...
Dharwar ... ... ...
Ahmedabad ... ... ...
Hyderabad ... ...
...
1873-74.
Rs.
64
65
41
56
34
a.
6
0
14
5
5
p.
2
5
3
7
8
1872-73.
Rs.
110
87
42
61
33
a.
15
4
5
9
5
p.
9
5
0
3
6
Percentage
Increase.
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
Percentage
Decrease.
41
24
.....
8
.....
This is very satisfactory, and though mainly due to the fall in prices in
grain, which has enabled the Superintendents to obtain supplies at a cheaper
rate, still the Medical Department is also entitled to credit for it. The dif-
ference in prices between 1872-73 and 1873-74 was as follows :—
The prices given are per maund.
Colaba ... ... ...
Poona ... ... ...
Dharwar ... ... ...
Ahmedabad
...
...
Hyderabad... ... ...
Price of
Jowaree,
April 1872.
Rs.
2
3
a.
8
0
p.
0
0
......
2
1
4
14
0
0
Price of
Jowaree,
April 1873.
Rs.
2
1
a.
8
11
p.
0
1
......
1
1
12
8
0
0
Price of
Jowaree,
April 1874
Rs.
2
1
a.
0
6
p.
4
2
......
1
1
9
10
6
0
Price of
Rice, second
sort, April
1872.
Rs.
5
5
a.
8
2
p.
0
9
......
4
2
8
3
0
0
Price of
Rice,second
sort, April
1873.
Rs.
3
4
a.
12
6
p.
0
4
......
4
1
0
10
0
0
Price of
Rice,second
sort, April
1874.
Rs.
3
2
a.
12
14
p.
0
10
......
3
3
11
4
0
0
His Excellency in Council trusts that the Surgeon General, his Deputies and
the officers in charge of the Asylums will continue to bear in mind the
importance of allowing no waste to occur in this item of expenditure. In
illustration of the saving which may be effected by careful administration, he
notices that the cost of diets at Colaba alone, which in 1871-72 came to
Rs. 40,993, has diminished in two years by one-half, although the number of
inmates has increased. This shows that proper attention has been paid, even
though there has been a fall in prices.
12. The Ahmedabad and Colaba Asylums were the only ones in which
patients paying for their maintenance were confined, the sums of Rs. 722-34-
9
restraint by the erection of a wall. The removal of the sleeping blocks and
the widening of the Hospital verandah might be carried out as proposed.
27. In future reports it should be stated whether the Visitors have in-
spected each Asylum regularly.
28. A new set of Forms received from the Government of India has
recently been sanctioned for adoption in Lunatic Asylums in this Presidency.
His Excellency in Council desires that these be supplemented by Returns No.
9, Condition as to marriage ; No. 12, Criminal Lunatics, which should be No.
12 and 13 in the new set ; and that an expansion of No. 11, showing how the
Lunatics were employed, be also added. Separate Forms for Europeans and
Eurasians should still be kept. The reports of the Superintendents need not
be printed in future.
29. His Excellency in Council will conclude by thanking the Surgeon
General for the able and careful manner in which the results of the year have
been put before Government, and for the supervision he has exercised over
this Branch of his Department. The Deputy Surgeons General also merit
His Excellency's acknowledgments.
F. S. CHAPMAN,
Chief Secretary to Government.
To
The SURGEON GENERAL, INDIAN MEDICAL DEPARTMENT,
All DISTRICT COLLECTORS and MAGISTRATES, including COLLECTORS and
POLITICAL SUPERINTENDENTS in SIND, and the ASSISTANT COLLECTOR in
charge PANCH MAHALS,
All SUPERINTENDENTS of POLICE, including SIND,
The COMMISSIONER of POLICE, BOMBAY,
The ACCOUNTANT GENERAL,
The JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT of the SECRETARIAT,
The POLITICAL DEPARTMENT of the SECRETARIAT,
The PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT of the SECRETARIAT,
The FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT of the SECRETARIAT,
The REVENUE and POLICE COMMISSIONER, S. D.,
The REVENUE and POLICE COMMISSIONER, N. D.,
The COMMISSIONER in SIND.
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS, BOMBAY.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION
AND
PROGRESS REPORT
ON THE
INSANE ASYLUMS IN THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY
FOR THE YEAR 1874-75.
BY
WM. THOM. ESQ, F.R.C.S.,
SURGEON-GENERAL, INDIAN MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
Bombay:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
1875.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION
AND
PROGRESS REPORT
ON THE
INSANE ASYLUMS IN THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY
FOR THE YEAR 1874-75.
BY
WM. THOM, ESQ., F.R.C.S.,
SURGEON-GENERAL, INDIAN MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
Bombay:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
1875.
INDEX.
Admissions and re-admissions ... ... ... ...
„
percentages of cured and died to ... ...
Annual statements
... ... ... ... ... ...
Asylums, cash accounts of ... ... ... ... ... ...
„
population of ... ... ... ... ... ...
Average daily number of criminals employed ... ...
Chief crimes
...
...
...
...
...
Daily average strength ... ... ... ... ... ..
„
„
„
percentages of cured and died on the
„ sick ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Deaths ...
...
...
...
...
...
Discharged ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Establishments ... ... ... ... ... ...
Forms, new, introduction of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Insanity, causes of
...
...
...
... ... ...
„
types of ...
...
...
...
...
...
Lunatics, ages of ... ... ... ... ... ...
„
criminal,
...
...
...
...
...
...
„
„
crimes of ...
... ... ... ... ...
„
„
number of... ... ... ... ... ...
„
„
special asylums for ... ... ... ...
„
previous employment of ... ... ... ...
„
religion of ... ... ... ... ... ...
„
residency of
... ... ... ... ... ...
„
sex of ... ... ... ... ... ...
Manufactories ... ... ... ... ... ...
„
expenditure and receipts of ... ... ... ...
Marriage, condition of insanes as regards ... ... ... ...
Percentage of deaths ... ... ... ... ... ...
„
on total treated ...
... ... .... ...
Reports of Superintendents, the printing of ... ...
Ahmedabad Asylum—
Associated rooms—cells ... ... ... ... ...
Buildings, capacity, &c ... ... ... ... ... ...
Causes of insanity ... ... ... ... ... ...
Conduct of establishment ... ... ... ...
Criminals
...
...
...
...
...
...
Expenditure ... ... ... ... ... ...
Extension of buildings necessary
...
...
...
Food, water, clothing, and hygiene
... ... ...
Insanes, admission of
...
...
...
...
...
„
ages of ...
...
...
...
...
...
„
castes of ...
...
...
...
...
„
cured and transferred, &c. ... ... ... ...
„
deaths among ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Para.
4
6
...
19
4
25
24
5
6
6
4
ib.
20
2
17
16
15
11
23
23
12
14
13
ib.
ib.
21
ib.
22
9
10
3
86
86
97
110
102
108
86
107
90
101
93
91
98
Page.
2
ib.
31
5
2
8
ib.
2
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
7
1
4
ib.
ib.
3
8
8
3
4
ib.
ib.
ib.
7
ib.
8
2
3
1
20
19
21
24
22
24
20
24
20
22
21
ib.
22
ii
INDEX.
Ahmedabad Asylum—continued.
Insanes, general health ...
„
length of residence of ... ... ...
...
„
previous employment of ... ... ... ...
„
rejected ... ... ... ... ...
„
remained from previous year ... ... ... ...
„
remaining at the close of the year ... ...
„
state of, as regards marriage ... ... ... ...
Long residence ... ... ... ... ... ...
Mean population ... ... ... ... ... ...
Paying patients ... ... ... ... ... ...
Superintendence ... ... ... ... .... ... ...
Value of labour of lunatics ... ... ... ... ...
Visitors ... ... ... ... ...
Women, their employment ... ... ... ... ...
Colaba Asylum—
Buildings ...
...
...
... ... ...
Causes of insanity ... ... ... ... ... ...
Conservancy
...
...
... ... ... ...
Criminal lunatics... ... ... ... ...
Cures ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Daily average, &c... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Deaths ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Dysentery and diarrhœa... ... ... ... ... ...
Drainage...
...
...
... ... ...
Employment, out-door, of inmates ... ... ...
„
washing
...
...
...
...
...
Escapes
...
...
...
...
...
Europeans (insanes) ... ... ... ... ... ...
„
civilian do. ... ... ... ... ... ...
„
deaths among
Expenditure ... ... ... ... ... ...
General health
...
...
... ... ... ...
Income
...
...
...
...
...
...
Natives (insanes) ...
...
...
...
...
New airing court ... ... ...
Over-crowding prevented ... ... ... ... ... ...
Post-mortem examination... ... ... ... ... ...
Reduction in cost of each patient ... ... ... ...
Refusal of food ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Situation ... ... ... ... .... ...
Soldiers and their wives (insanes) ... ... ... ... ... ...
Total treated ... ... ... ... ... ...
Treatment ... ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination
...
...
...
...
Water-supply
...
...
Winds
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Dharwar Asylum—
Accommodation ...
...
...
...
...
...
Causes of insanity
cost
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Garden
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
General health
Para.
88
100
95
87
89
99
94
92
90
96
85
106
109
103
27
40 & 46
30
58
47
44
45
34
29
36
37
51
38
42
43
56
33
55
44
53
49
52
57
50
26
38
48
35
32
28
31
75
79
81
84
80
Page.
20
22
21
20
ib.
22
21
ib.
ib.
ib.
19
24
ib.
23
9
11 & 13
10
15
13
12
13
10
9
11
ib.
13
11
12
ib.
14
10
14
12
14
13
ib.
15
13
9
11
13
10
ib.
9
10
18
19
ib.
ib.
ib.
iii
INDEX.
Dharwar Asylum—continued.
Insanes, classification and number of ... ... ... ... ...
„
employment of ...
Paying patients...
...
Superintendence ... ... ... ... ...
Unsuitability of the asylum ... ... ... ... ...
Poona Asylum—
Average daily sick ... ... ... ... ...
Buildings, alterations, and improvements ... ...
Capacity of asylums ... ... ... ... ... ...
Causes of insanity ... ... ... .. ... ...
Conservancy ... ... ... ... ... ...
Cost of each patient ... ... ... ... ... ...
Deaths
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
General health ... ... ... .... ... ...
Lunatics, criminal ... ... ... ... ...
„
employment of...
...
...
...
„
mechanical restraint on ... ... ... ... ...
„
remained at the close of the year ... ...
Percentages of cures ... ... ... ... ...
Superintendence ... ... ... ... ...
Water
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Sir Cowasji Jehangier's Asylum—
Buildings, new ... ... ... ... ...
„
alterations in... ... ... ... ... ...
Clothing ... ... ... ... ...
Conduct of establishment ... ... ... ... ...
Districts from which insanes sent ... ... ...
Drainage ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Expenditure
...
...
...
Food
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Insanes, ages of, admitted ... ... ... ...
„
castes of ... ... ... ... ...
„
contribution towards maintenance of ...
„
deaths of, and their causes ... ... ...
„
discharged .. ... ... ... ...
„
employment of, previous to admission ...
„
escaped ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
„
occupation and treatment of ... ... ... ...
„
re-admission of ... ... ... ... ...
„
remained at the end of 1873-74 ... ...
„
„
at the close of 1874-75
„
sickness among ... ... ... ...
„
total number of, treated
... ... ...
Insanity, causes of
...
...
...
„
types
of
...
...
...
...
...
Site
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Well water ... ... ... ... ...
Lunatics out of Asylums—
Division, Northern
...
...
...
...
...
„
Presidency
... ... ... ... ...
„
Sind
...
...
...
...
...
Para.
77 & 78
82
83
74
76
70
60
63
68
62
71
66
69
67
72
73
64
65
59
61
112
113 & 114
117
135
128
115
134
118
130
126
129
121 & 122
129
127
120
133
125
119
124
123
119
131
132
111
116
138
136
139
Page.
18
19
ib.
18
ib.
17
15
16
17
16
17
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
18
16
17
15
16
25
ib.
26
29
28
26
29
27
28
ib.
ib.
27
ib.
28
27
28
ib.
27
ib.
ib.
ib.
28
ib.
25
26
29
ib.
30
No. 3372 of 1875,
FROM
THE SURGEON-GENERAL,
Indian Medical Department;
To
THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,
General Department.
Bombay, 29th July 1875.
SIR,
I have the honour to submit the annual report on lunatic asylums in
the Bombay Presidency and Sind for the year 1874-75.
New Forms introduced.
2. Since my last report was submitted, eleven new forms for tabula-
tion have been received from the Government of
India, to which this Government have added two of
those given with the former report. These new forms have now been
brought into general use, and will be found in the appendix to this report;
they are:—
1. A statement of admissions and discharges.
2. A return of criminal lunatics.
3. A return of religion, sex, and residence.
4. A return showing the occupations.
5. Statement of ages of patients.
6. Types of insanity.
7. Causes of do.
8. Return of sick in the hospital.
9. Cash account.
10. Sanctioned establishment and cost per mensem.
11. Receipts and expenditure on account of manufactures.
12. Showing the condition as to marriage and caste.
13. The number of criminal lunatics and the nature of their
crimes.
Superintendents' Reports
not to be printed.
Suggesting Superinten-
dents' Reports be printed.
3. Government Resolution No. 9, dated 5th January 1875, para. 28,
directed me not to print the reports of the Superin-
tendents of Asylums ; in accordance therewith I
have endeavoured in this report to combine the
information contained in those of the Deputy Surgeons-General of Divisions
and Superintendents in the five asylums. With all due deference to the orders
of Government I would suggest that in future the reports of the Superintend-
ents be printed, especially as they are not of a lengthy
character, and the officers can be directed to mako
them as concise as possible. In my opinion the in-
B 223—a
2
formation would be considered by the profession more valuable if afforded
by the Superintendents themselves ; the reports of the Deputy Surgeons-
General need not be printed.
Statement No. 1, Popula-
tion, &c.
Remained.
Admissions and Re-ad-
missions.
Discharged.
Deaths.
Remained on 31st March
1875.
4. Commencing with Statements No. 1, they show that the total
population in our asylums was 849 as compared
with 810 of the previous year. Of these there
remained on the 1st April 1874, 428 males and 96
females, making a total of 524. There were 312
new admissions—267 males and 45 females ; 13 males
were re-admissions. Of the total 849 under treat-
ment, 708 were males and 141 females. Eighty-four were discharged cured
—70 males and 14 females. One hundred and
seventy-five were transferred to friends, 51 improved,
and 124 not improved. Of the former 43 were males and 8 females; of the
latter 115 and 9 respectively. This would indicate that there is some aver-
sion on the part of relatives to allow their females to reside in asylums
away from their own supervision. Of those discharged " otherwise " 5 were
males and 1 female. The deaths numbered 65— 48
males and 17 females. On the 31st March 1875
there remained in our five asylums 519—5 fewer than
in the preceding year, 427 being males and the
remainder 92 females.
Daily Average Strength.
5. The daily average strength was 454.3 males
and 99.6 females, making a total of 553.9
Daily Sick.
6. The daily average number of sick was 46.6
—37.4 being males and 9.2 females.
Percentages.
The percentages on the daily average strength
were—of
Cured ...
Died
...
Males ...
Females ...
Males ...
Females ...
15.4
14.1
10.5
17.2
Total...
Total ...
15.2
11.8
Percentage to admissions of
Cured
...
Died
...
Males ...
Females ...
Males ...
Females ...
25.0
31.1
17.1
37.7
Total ...
Total ...
25.8
20.0
7. It is remarked that one of the " improved " made his escape, and
that no register of the sick was kept at Dharwar.
8. It must be remembered that percentages of cured do not represent
the full usefulness of any asylum ; there are the facts that the asylums pre-
vent insanes from begetting other insanes, while they also take a merciful
care of those who are dangerous to themselves and to others.
Percentage of Deaths.
9. In my last report I showed the deaths to be 7.1 per cent. as calcu-
lated on the total treated ; adopting the same way of
calculating, the deaths for the year under report
5
Among the moral causes, grief accounts for 50 of the total number (84),
religion was the cause in 11 cases, and loss of money in 8.
18. Statements No. 8 give a detail of the sick in the hospitals of the
asylums or the bodily ailments under which the insanes suffered. Colaba,
apart from its insalubrity and over-crowded state, having most insanes, has
also by far the most sick ; the chief complaints in our asylums being fever
and affections of the stomach and bowels. At Coloba there was a large
number of skin diseases, for the prevalence of which the Superintendent
accounts by the limited space not permitting of segregation. This may be
partly due to men from up-country residing so near the sea and at so low a
level.
Cash Accounts of Asylums.
19. Statements No. 9 show the cash accounts of the asylums,—on one
side the receipts and on the other, disbursements.
But it will be observed that the latter include
money received from paying patients, sale of goods manufactured in the asy-
lum, and garden produce, the items for these being entered on both sides of
the account. The following table is the sum of the whole of the statements
No. 9.—
6
No. 9.
CASH ACCOUNT of the Lunatic Asylums of the Bombay Presidency for the Year 1874-75.
RECEIPTS.
Items.
Received from Treasury ... ...
Received from paying patients ...
Value of articles received from
Manufacture Department ...
Total ...
Amount.
Rs.
88,820
4,325
1,050
a.
6
14
9
p.
4
7
5
94,196 14 4
EXPENDITURE.
Items.
Establishment ... ... ...
Diet ... ... ... ...
Clothing ... ... ... ...
Bazaar medicines ... ...
Contingencies ... ... ...
Remitted to Treasury on account
of paying patients ... ...
Remitted on account of manufac-
tures ... ... ... ... ...
Balance in hand at Poona...
Total ...
Cash expended.
Rs.
41,312
34,288
4,515
617
8,059
4,325
1,042
33
94,196
a.
8
12
14
11
3
14
15
14
14
p.
4
0
5
10
3
7
11
0
4
Value of Arti-
cles received
from Manu-
facture De-
partment.
Rs. a. p.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total.
Rs.
41,312
34,288
4,515
617
8,059
4,325
1,042
33
94,196
a.
8
12
14
11
3
14
15
14
14
p.
4
0
5
10
3
7
11
0
4
Annual Cost
per Head.
Rs.
74
61
8
1
14
a.
9
14
2
1
8
p.
1
4
5
10
9
...
...
...
*150 9 11
*The actual cost of each insane per annum to the State, after deducting realizations.
7
The money actually drawn from the Treasury amounted to Rs. 88,820, and
if we deduct from this the sum of Rs. 5,376 paid into the Treasury the balance
of Rs. 83,444 represents the cost to the State of our insanes. As the aver-
age daily strength of the insanes was 553.9, or say 554, the average cost of
each inmate was Rs. 150-9-11 for the year. This average represents the cost
for Europeans and natives taken together. The annual cost per head is
shown in the foregoing statement; but it should be remembered that in calcu-
lating the averages no credit has been taken for receipts paid into the Trea-
sury; hence the sum of the items is greater than the total, which represents
the exact cost to the State. The actual cost to the State per head in each of
the five asylums is as follows :—
Colaba
...
...
...
...
Poona
...
...
...
...
Dharwar
...
...
...
...
Ahmedabad ... ... ... ... ...
Hyderabad ... ... ... ...
Rs.
199
134
185
84
95
a.
7
0
2
13
3
p.
4
2
7
1
4
The higher rate at Colaba is due to—1st, there being a Superintendent
whose whole pay is debited to the asylum; 2nd, the establishment is the
most expensive, because it is the largest and most important asylum; and,
3rd, cost of diet is greater than elsewhere. The average is high in Dhar-
war, because of there being few patients.
The tables of costs for this and the previous year for the patients do not
admit of exact comparison in consequence of different modes of calculation
adopted ; but there has been a decrease in all asylums except Dharwar, where
there has been a small increase.
Establishments,
20. Statements No. 10 show the sanctioned establishment of each asy-
lum. All the Superintendents, with the exception
of the officer in charge of the Colaba Asylum, are
also Civil Surgeons of the stations in which the asylums are located.
Manufactories— Receipts
and Expenditure.
21. Statements No. 11 show receipts and expenditure on account of
manufactures. I am happy to notice a great im-
provement in regard to the number of insanes em-
ployed, as shown by the following figures :—
Asylums.
Colaba ... ...
Poona ... ...
Dharwar
...
...
Ahmedabad .. ...
Hyderabad ... ...
1873-74...
1874-75...
1873-74...
1874-75...
1873-74...
1874-75...
1873-74...
1874-75...
1873-74...
1874-75...
1873-74...
1874-75...
Average Strength.
Males.
197.3
215.5
47.4
47.0
19.0
17.4
87.0
90.4
82.0
84.0
432.7
454.3
Females.
45.2
51.4
10.0
10.6
3.7
4.1
18.8
18.5
17.0
15.0
94.7
99.6
Total.
242.5
266.9
57.4
57.6
22.7
21.5
105.8
108.9
99.0
99.0
527.4
553.9
Employed.
Males.
56
60
6
25
7
7
61.6
63.6
24
51
154.6
206.6
Females.
5
6
...
6
...
...
8
8
15
12
28
32
Total.
61
66
6
31
7
7
69.6
71.6
39
63
182.6
238.6