NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS ON INDIAN FEEDING STUFFS.
155
TABLE III.
Dietary Standards.
Period
15th January 1929 to 28th
February 1929.
Ditto
Ditto
15th January 1929 to 28th
January
1929.
Ditto
.
.
Ditto . .
12th February 1929 to 28th
February 1929.
Ditto . .
Ditto
.
.
12th March 1929 to 31st
March 1929.
Ditto . .
Ditto
.
.
Number
of
heifer
122
128
133
123
124
129
123
124
129
122
128
133
Average
of
daily
body
weight
lbs.
419
423
341
379
360
389
385{
361{
380 {
428
426
347
Feed eaten per day
Jhelum hay . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Kasauli hay . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Kasauli hay . .
Bran . . . .
Kasauli hay . .
Bran . . . .
Kasauli hay . .
Bran . . . .
Multan hay (Janewa).
Ditto .
Ditto .
lbs.
8.5
8.0
6.9
6.1
6.6
6.5
5.8
3.0
6.2
2.0
6.5
1.0
5.8
5.5
4.9
Per 100 lbs.
of food
Starch
equiva
lents
33.63
33.52
33.64
17.41
22.74
26.88
}...
}...
}...
22.14
23.71
19.69
Protein
lbs.
1.65
1.50
1.59
0.33
0.76
1.08
...
...
...
0.17
0.18
...
Albumin
oid ratio.
1 :
29.0
31.8
30.0
110.6
54.4
41.9
15.5
21.2
27.9
252.3
247.3
∞
Daily
Nitrogen
balance
in
grammes
2.01
0.14
0.33
—6.32
—3.42
—4.18
10.15
4.89
0.85
—6.05
—6.27
—6.17
Starch
equi
valents
per day
2.86
2.68
2.32
1.06
1.50
1.75
2.94
2.40
2.13
1.28
1.30
0.97
Protein
per
day
lbs.
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.02
0.05
0.07
0.26
0.17
0.12
0.01
0.01
—0.01
156 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ II, II
TABLE
contd.
Dietary Standards—contd.
Period
15th April 1929 to 30th April
1929.
Ditto .
Ditto . .
12th March 1929 to 31st
March 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto . .
15th April 1929 to 30th April
1929.
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Number
of
heifer
122
128
133
123
124
129
123
124
129
Average
of
daily
body
weight
lbs.
412{
418{
340{
402
356
370
399 {
353 {
371 {
Feed eaten per day
Multan hay (Janewa)
Bran . .
Multan hay (Janewa).
Bran . .
Multan hay (Janewa).
Bran .
.
.
.
Multan hay (Musel) .
Ditto .
Ditto .
Multan hay (Musel) .
Bran . . .
Multan hay (Musel) .
Bran .
.
.
.
Multan hay (Musel) .
Bran . . . .
lbs.
6.3
2.0
6.1
2.0
5.4
2.0
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.9
1.5
5.7
1.5
5.4
1.5
Per 100 lbs.
of food
Starch
equiva-
lents
}...
}...
}...
24.14
22.12
27.46
}...
}...
}...
Protein
lbs.
...
035
0.36
0.37
...
...
...
Albumin-
oid ratio,
1:
17.6
18.1
16.7
124.2
116.2
126.2
18.3
18.9
18.9
Daily
Nitrogen
balance
in
grammes
6.90
5.45
5.49
—5.75
—5.06
—4.60
2.43
4.58
4.55
Starch
equi-
valents
per day
2.60
2.57
2.24
1.38
1.24
1.48
2.00
1.35
2.22
Protein
per
day
lbs.
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.17
0.16
0.17
158 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ II, II
TABLE IV.
Showing details of daily nitrogen balance in grammes.
Period
15th January 1929 to
28th February 1929.
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
15th January 1929 to
28th January 1929.
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
12th February 1929 to
28th February 1929.
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
12th March 1929 to 31st
March 1929.
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
15th April 1929 to 30th
April 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto .
No. of
heifer
122
128
133
123
124
129
123
124
129
122
128
133
122
128
133
Feed
Jhelum hay . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Kasauli hay
Ditto . .
Ditto
.
.
Kasauli
hay
and
Bran.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Multan hay (Janewa)
Ditto .
Ditto .
Multan hay (Janewa)
and bran.
Ditto .
Ditto . .
In-take
Hay
28.54
26.86
23.16
16.60
17.96
17.69
15.79
16.87
17.69
11.84
11.23
10.00
12.86
12.45
11.02
Concent-
rates
...
...
...
...
...
...
22.05
14.70
7.35
...
...
...
18.42
18.42
18.42
Out-go
Dung
18.00
17.72
15.39
15.62
14.46
12.93
19.18
18.62
15.88
10.77
10.78
10.54
15.68
16.17
15.19
Urine
8.53
9.00
7.44
7.30
6.92
8.94
8.51
8.06
8.31
7.12
6.72
5.63
8.70
9.25
8.76
Brush.
inga
Traces
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Total
in-take
28.64
26.86
23.16
16.60
17.96
17.69
37.84
31.57
25.04
11.84
11.23
10.00
31.28
30.87
29.44
Total
out-go
26.53
26.72
22.83
22.92
21.38
21.87
27.69
26.68
24.19
17.89
17.50
16.17
24.38
25.42
23.95
Balance
2.01
0.14
0.33
—6.32
—3.42
—4.18
10.15
4.89
0.85
—6.05
—6.27
—6.17
6.90
5.45
5.49
DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS ON INDIAN FEEDING STUFFS
159
12th March 1929 to 31st
March 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto .
15th April 1929 to 30th
April 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto .
13th May 1929 to 19th
July 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto .
13th May 1929 to 3rd
June 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto .
21st June 1929 to 19th
July 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto .
5th August 1929 to 14th
August 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto .
29th August 1929 to 7th
Septemher 1929.
Ditto .
Ditto .
123
124
129
123
124
129
122
128
133
123
124
129
123
124
129
122
128
133
122
128
133
Multan hay (Musel)
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Multan hay Musel
and bran.
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Ferozepur hay .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Dalhousie hay . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Dalhousie hay and
Bran.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Wheat-bhusa . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Wheat-bhusa
and
bran.
Ditto .
Ditto .
12.15
11.94
11.51
12.58
12.15
11.51
74.65
59.84
51.20
9.95
8.79
8.10
13.65
12.49
11.10
10.16
10.00
8.26
11.91
10.16
8.57
...
...
...
13.81
13.81
13.81
...
...
...
...
...
...
19.69
14.77
14.77
...
...
...
20.14
20.14
20.14
11.23
11.23
10.26
14.60
14.48
13.35
30.86
25.64
21.37
9.15
7.71
6.24
1792
14.86
12.59
11.84
10.43
9.62
17.63
15.27
4.17
6.67
5.77
5.85
9.36
6.90
7.42
30.46
27.59
23.48
8.94
6.81
7.86
11.41
8.53
10.06
7.75
7.26
6.62
9.66
10.38
7.99
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
12.15
11.94
11.51
26.39
25.96
25.32
74.65
59.84
51.20
9.95
8.79
8.10
33.34
27.26
25.87
10.16
10.00
8.26
32.05
30.30
28.71
17.90
17.00
16.11
23.96
21.38
20.77
61.32
53.23
44.85
18.09
14.52
14.10
29.33
23.39
22.65
19.59
17.69
16.24
27.29
25.65
22.16
—5.75
—5.06
—4.60
2.43
4.58
4.55
13.33
661
6.35
—8.14
—5.73
—6.00
4.01
3.87
3.22
—9.43
—7.69
—7.98
4.76
4.65
6.55
A NOTE ON AN OUTBREAK OF LEPTOSPIRAL JAUNDICE
AMONG THE MADRAS HOUNDS.*
BY
V. KRISHNAMURTI AYYAR, I.V.S.,
Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology, Madras Veterinary College.
(Received for publication on 25th February 1932.)
(With Plates XIII-XVI.)
The Madras Hunt Club maintains a pack of hounds and fresh imports are
obtained from England whenever required. Every precaution is taken towards
maintaining the hounds in proper condition and health under strict veterinary
supervision, and the slightest indication of any one of them being unwell is at once
noticed and timely treatment adopted.
The usual complaints from which these hounds suffered in the past had been
either helminthic infections, such as Ancylostomiasis, Spirocercosis, or Protozoon
infection of either Babesia canis or gibsoni, the latter being more frequent. When
there was the slightest suspicion of infection with Babesia gibsoni, the practice had
been to inject the hounds with a dose of Novarsinobillon even though the parasites
may not be detected in their blood.
During the Madras Hunt season between October 1928 and April 1929, the
pack to start with consisted of fifty-four hounds which included fresh imports,
from England for the season and nothing was found unusual with any of them until
about the 21st December 1928. On that date one of the hounds of the pack
" Harpy " was sent over to the Madras Veterinary College as suffering from Babesia
gibsoni for the usual treatment and this hound was reported to have died on its
way back to the kennels after the injection.
Following the death of this hound two more hounds succumbed on the 23rd and
the 26th December 1928. Later, many more hounds were found to be unwell and
began to succumb one after another in quick succession. It was suspected at first
that the cause of death of these hounds occurring in such a quick succession might
be even due to poisoning of some kind. At this stage, Mr. F. Ware, the then
Director of Veterinary Services, Madras, was kind enough to give the author an
opportunity to investigate the outbreak and this paper records the findings of that
investigation.
Table I shows the number of hounds on which post-mortem examination was
conducted with the dates of their deaths and the total number that died each day
from the commencement of the outbreak.
* Paper read at the 17th Session of the Indian Science Congress, 1930, held at Allahabad,
( 160 )
OUTBREAK OF LEPTOSPIRAL JAUNDICE AMONG MADRAS HOUNDS
161
TABLE I.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Name of the hound
Harpy
Hound
Hound
Radiant
Speedy
Whimsical .
Scanty
Cheerful
Darling
Daylight
Novelty
Worthy
Solitude
Wimfred
Violet
Scavion
Colony *
Dainty
Brilliant
Racket *
Crafty *
Hound
Brevity
Cronie *
Septool
Planet *
Raylis
Valentine *
Rakis *
.
.
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Date of death
21-12-28
23-12-28
26-12-28
27-12-28
27-12-28
27-12-28
27-12-28
28-12-28
29-12-28
30-12-28
30-12-28
30-12-28
31-12-28
1-1-29
2-1-29
2-1-29
2-1-29
8-1-29
10-1-29
13-1-29
27-2-29
27-2-29
7-3-29
12-3-29
18-3-29
19-3-29
27-3-29
1-4-29
1-4-29
Total number
died on
each date
1
1
1
}
4
1
1
} 3
1
1
}
3
1
1
1
} 2
1
1
1
1
1
} 2
* The asterisks refer to the deaths of the hounds that were kept under observation in the Madras
Veterinary College hospital.
162 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ II, II
Of these, twenty-two were received for post-mortem examination after death,
while the remaining seven were kept under observation in the hospital and died
during the period of observation.
SYMPTOMS.
At the initial stage of the outbreak, symptoms observed were sudden off-feed,
discharge from the nostrils which was sanguineous in character, conjunctivitis,
passing of fæces with blood, and death occurring in a few hours. These symptoms
were very soon followed at a later stage of the outbreak with the appearance of
icterus in the mouth, lips and region of the abdomen, associated with hæmorrhages
in the lips (Plate XIII, fig. 1) and under subcutis in the region of the sternum and
flank.
Vomition was also noticed in a few cases. The temperature in most of the
cases was reported to have not gone above the normal but in a few it went up to
105° F. or over and dropped before death. (Fig. 1.)
TEMPERATURE
CHART.
Fig. 1. Temperature Chart of Hounds " Crafty " and " Rakis ".
PLATE XIII.
Fig. 1. Areas marked A denote haemorrhages
Fig. 2. Portion of the subcutis of the flank dissected out from one of the hounds showing haemorrhagic areas.
PLATE XVI.
Lungs of one of the hounds showing haemorrhagic areas.
PLATE XV.
Fig. 1. Bladder from one of the hounds showing
haemorrhages.
Fig. 2. The above specimen highly magnified.
PLATE XIV.
Fig. 1. Po rtions of small intestines from one of the hounds showing haemorrhages.
Fig. 2. Stomach from one of the hounds showing
haemorrhages on the mucosa.
OUTBREAK OF LEPTOSPIRAL JAUNDICE AMONG MADRAS HOUNDS
163
POST-MORTEM LESIONS.
In the hounds that died during the early part of the outbreak, the post-mortem
lesions present were very striking and more or less uniform in all of them.
Hæmorrhagic areas in the sternal regions and in the flank (Plate XIII, fig. 2) were
present.
There was sero-sanguineous effusion ranging from two to twelve ounces in the
abdominal and thoracic cavities. The intestines showed hæmorrhages which were
either punctiform or in streaks or confluent in large areas (Plate XIV, fig. 1).
The contents of the intestines were dark red in colour and hæmorrhagic in
character. The portions of the intestines affected were mainly those of the jeju-
num and ileum. The duodenum in most of the cases showed no change.
The stomach appeared normal but in a few of them intense congestion and
hæmorrhages were observed and the contents were dark red in colour similar to
those observed in the intestines (Plate XIV, fig. 2).
The liver showed very characteristic changes in all cases. It was icteric and
fatty in nature. The kidneys showed similar appearances but in some cases they
were found congested. The spleen did not present anything unusual. The bladder
was found empty in most cases and showed punctate hæmorrhages (Plate XV).
The lesions observed in those hounds that died in the latter part of the out-
break were the same as described above but presented also characteristic jaundiced
appearance of nearly all the tissues of the body. The wall of the abdomen, inside
of thighs, ears, and lips showed varying shades from a faint yellow tinge to a deep
yellow colour and in these regions as well as in the subcutis of the sternum, elbow
and flank hæmorrhages were prominent.
The serous coats of the stomach and intestines also showed varying degrees of
yellow colour and hæmorrhages on the mucosa could be seen through the coats in
the intestines. The lymphatic glands were dark-red in colour and hæmorrhagic in
character.
The lungs showed hæmorrhages scattered over the surface and were either
punctiform or irregular (Plate XVI). They were found along the apices in some
cases while in others major portion of the lobes were found involved. The appear-
ances presented by them resembled the butterfly-appearance so characteristically
described in leptospiral infections.
METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS ADOPTED.
Examination of the materials in the initial stages of the outbreak was not
attempted. A chemical analysis was, however, made of the viscera from a few of
E
164 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ II, II
them which was found negative to any kind of poisoning. Later, when the author
commenced investigations, the post-mortem appearances were so striking and
uniform that it suggested itself to the author that the outbreak simulated that due
to leptospiral infection. Examination of the ground up liver and kidney under dark
ground illumination from the different hounds that died was regularly resorted to
and in the specimen from the hound " Darling " forms indistinguishable from
lcptospira were detected. Inoculations into guinea-pigs and rats of different
materials such as hæmorrhagic effusions, urine, ground up liver emulsion and de¬
fibrinated blood from different hounds were then made. Only two of the guinea-
pigs inoculated revealed definite leptospiral forms, although in some others that
died, lesions very characteristic of leptospiral infection were present.
Table II shows the details and results of such inoculations.
DISCUSSION.
Okell, Dalling and Pugh [1925] have described a condition of leptospiral jaun-
dice in dogs and the symptoms reported by these workers appear to be identical with
those found by the author in the outbreak referred to in this paper. In dealing with
the etiology of this condition in dogs, these workers have compared the symptoms
and lesions presented by the dogs naturally infected, with those experimentally
produced by them by inoculating dogs both with a known rat strain of Leptospira
icterohæmorrhagiæ sent to them by Dr. George Buchanan and with a dog strain
of leptospira recovered from a naturally infected case. The symptoms observed by
them in both the naturally and experimentally infected cases resembled each other
and only in three out of ten naturally infected cases, they were able to isolate
leptospira which agreed with the known rat strain of Leptospira iclerohæmorrhagiæ
used by them in their experiments. They also add in that connection that the
finding of leptospira even in cases which have been definitely infected with a known
strain of leptospira has been difficult.
" Darling " was the only hound in the outbreak in which leptospiral forms were
detected by the author and this, as will be seen from the list of hounds that came for
post-mortem examination, was the earliest one from which the author had the oppor-
tunity to examine materials for detection of leptospira. From the history of the
outbreak it is highly probable that the other hounds that came in for examination
must have been suffering for some time as was indicated by nature of the symptoms
they showed and it is possible that the failure to detect leptospira in them might
have been due to the examination of materials having been undertaken at a later
stage of the disease in them.
In a paper entitled '' Recent work on Leptospirosis, Tsutsugamushu Disease,
and Tropical Typhus in the Federated Malay States " Fletcher [1927] has described a
OUTBREAK OF LEPTOSPIRAL JAUNDICE AMONG MADRAS HOUNDS
165
condition naturally occurring in dogs due to leptospiral infection and the symptoms
recorded by him resemble also to a great extent those described by the author in this
paper. Fletcher has in that connection also brought forward evidence of the exis-
tence of a number of species of leptospira which could be serologically distinguished
from each other and has stated that the strain of leptospira recovered from Natural
Leptospirosis in dogs in Malaya was not L. icterohæmorrhagiæ but serologically
identical with L. hebdomadis of Akiyama A type.
In view of the fact that leptospira were detected by the author in only one
hound and in two guinea-pigs experimentally inoculated and also of the fact that
the lesions described could be set up in dogs by different species of leptospira,
sera from four hounds that recovered from the natural attack in the outbreak were
sent by Mr. F. Ware, the then Director of Veterinary Services. Madras, to Dr.
Lewthwaite, Medical Research Institute, Kuala Lampur, for serological test to
determine the species of leptospira with which the Madras Hounds were infected,
and all the four samples have been declared to have given positive results to infec-
tion by L. hæmorrhagicæ.
The outbreak in the Madras Hounds described in this paper is therefore un-
doubtedly due to L. hæmorrhagiæ and is the first of its kind to be recorded in
India.
Thanks are due to Mr. F. Ware, F.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., for the very kind oppor-
tunity and facilities afforded to the author for the investigation of this outbreak.
REFERENCES.
1. Fletcher, W. (1927). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 21, p. 265.
2. Okell, C. C., Dalling, T., and Pugh, L. P. (1925). The Veterinary Journal, 81, p. 3.
F 2
166 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ II, II
TABLE II.
(a) Inoculations made direct from hounds.
No.
1
2
3
4
Name of the
hound.
Darling . .
Novelty . .
Daylight .
Solitude . .
Date of
post-
mortem
exami-
nation.
29-12-28
30-12-28
30-12-28
31-12-28
Kind of animal
inoculated.
Guinea-pig No. 714
Ditto
715
Ditto
716
Ditto
717
Ditto
718
Ditto
719
Ditto
720
Ditto
721
Ditto
722
White rat No. 723
Ditto
724
Guinea-pig No. 725
Ditto
726
Nature and
quantity of the
material injected.
2 c.c of sero¬
sangui neous
fluid
from
thoracic cavity.
Ditto
2 c.c. of ground
up liver emul-
sion.
1 cc. of ground
up liver emul-
sion.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Kind of
inocu-
lation.
Subcu-
taneous¬
ly.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Date of
inocula-
tion.
29-12-28
29-12-28
29-12-28
30-12-28
30-12-28
30-12-28
30-12-28
30-12-28
30-12-28
31-12-28
31-12-28
31-12-28
31-12-28
Date
of
death.
1-1-29
4-1-29
5-3-29
22-1-29
22-1-29
7-1-29
22-1-29
Discharged
19-1-29
Alive
8-2-29
5-1-29
18-2-29
Duration
of obser-
vation
in
days.
2
15
65
22
22
7
22
96
19
90
38
5
49
*Result
of post-
mortem
exami-
nation.
—
+
+
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
+
—
Remarks.
Passaged
to
Guinea-pig No.
745.
The Guinea-pig
showed
tem-
perature rang-
ing from
106
to 107° P. be-
tween the 15th
and 18th day.
Darkground ex-
amination of
liver
emul-
sion revealed
leptos pi r a 1
form. Passag-
ed to Guinea¬
pigs Nos. 736
and 739.
* Signs + or — shown under this column indicate respectively whether the post-mortem appearances presented were characteristic or not of
leptospiral infection-
OUTBREAK OF LEPTOSPIRAL JAUNDICE AMONG MADRAS HOUNDS
167
TABLE II.
(a) Inoculations made direct from hounds—contd.
No.
4
5
6
7
8
Name of the
hound.
Solitude . .
Winfred . .
Hound (Alive)
Sonnet (Alive).
Crafty
. .
Date of
post-
mortem
exami-
nation.
31-12-28
1-1-29
...
...
28-2-29
Kind of animal
inoculated.
White rat No. 727
Ditto
728
Guinea-pig No. 729
Ditto
730
Ditto
731
Ditto
732
White rat No. 733
Ditto
734
Guinea-pig No. 741
Ditto
742
Ditto
743
Ditto
744
Ditto
768
Ditto
769
Nature and
quantity of the
material injected.
1 c.c. of urine
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
1 c.c. of ground
up liver emul-
sion.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
2. c.c. of blood
drawn.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
1 c.c. of liver
and
kidney
emulsion.
1 c.c. of urine
Kind of
inocula-
tion.
Subcuta¬
neously.
Do.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Do.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Intra-peri¬
toueally.
Do.
.
Do.
Do, .
Subcuta-
neously.
Do.
.
Date of
inocula-
tion.
31-12-28
31-12-28
31-12-28
31-12-28
1-1-29
1-1-29
1-1-29
1-1-29
8-1-29
8-1-29
11-1-29
11-1-29
28-2-29
23-2-29
Date of
death.
Alive
2-1-29
1-1-29
1-1-29
18-1-29
14-1-29
12-2-29
Alive
Discharg¬
ed.
21-1-29
31-3-29
18-1-29
12-3-29
Discharg-
ed.
Duration
of obser-
vation in
days.
88
2
12 hours.
12 do.
17
13
42
87
56
12
78
6
12
36
*Result
of post-
mortem
exami-
nation.
—
—
—
—
+
+
—
—
—
+
+
—
—
Remarks.
Passaged
to
Guinea-pig
No. 746.
This Guinea-pig
showed tem¬
perature
ranging from
105° to 106° F.
between
the
8th and 10th
day.
Passaged
to
Guinea-pig
No. 793.
* Signs + or — shown under this column indicate respectively whether the post-mortem appearances presented were characteristic or not of
leptospiral infection.
168 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMALS HUSBANDRY [ II, II
TABLE II.
(a) Inoculations made direct from hounds—concld.
No.
9
10
11
12
Name of the
hound.
Hound No. 3 .
Brevity . .
Cronie . .
Valentine .
Date of
post-
mortem
exami-
nation.
28-2-29
7-3-29
13-3-29
1-4-29
Kind of animal
inoculated.
Guinea-pig No. 770
Ditto
771
Ditto
776
Ditto
777
Ditto
781
Ditto
782
Bitch A . .
Do. B
. .
Guinea-pig No. 796
Ditto
797
Ditto
798
Ditto
799
Nature and
quantity of the
material injected.
1 c.c. of liver
and
kidney
emulsion.
1 c.c. of urine
½ c.c. of urine
½ c.c. of liver
emulsion.
1 c.c. of defibri¬
nated
blood
drawn
while
alive.
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ditto .
2 grammes of
ground up liver.
1 gramme
of
ground up liver.
2 grammes of
ground up liver.
5 c.c. of kidney
emulsion.
Kind of
inocu-
lation.
Subcuta¬
neously.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Do.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Intraven-
ously.
Do.
.
Subcuta¬
ueonsly.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Date of
inocula-
tion.
28-2-29
28-2-29
7-3-29
7-3-29
12-3-29
12-3-29
12-3-29
12-3-29
1-4-29
1-4-29
1-4-29
1-4-29
Date
of
death.
2-3-29
2-3-29
16-4-29
20-4-29
21-3-29
1-4-29
24-3-29
30-3-29
2-4-29
9-4-29
3-4-29
2-4-29
Duration
of obser-
vation
in
days.
1
1
39
43
8
19
12
18
12 hours
8
1
12 hours
*Result
of post-
mortem
exami-
nation.
—
—
—
—
+
+
—
—
—
—
—
—
Remarks.
Smears
from
the liver re-
vealed lepto¬
spira. Passag-
ed to Guinea¬
pig No. 788.
Passaged
to
Guinea-pig No.
795.
* Sigus + or — shown under this column indicate respectively whether the post-mortem appearances presented were characteristic or not of
leptospiral infection.
OUTBREAK OF LEPTOSPIRAL JAUNDICE AMONG MADRAS HOUNDS
169
TABLE II.
(b) Inoculation from Guinea-pigs.
Serial
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Number of the
Guinea-pig.
Guinea-pig No.725
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
715
732
739
781
743
782
795
813
Date of
post-
mortem
examina-
tion.
5-1-29
14-1-29
Do.
Do.
1-4-29
31-3-29
1-4-29
29-4-29
4-5-29
Kind of animal
inoculated.
Guinea-pig No. 736
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
737
738
739
5745
746
747
788
793
795
813
819
Nature and
quantity of the
material
injected.
1 c.c. of liver
emulsion.
Ditto . .
1 c.c. of urine .
Ditto .
Ditto . .
1 c.c. of kidney
and liver emul-
sion.
Ditto .
1 c.c.
of the
emulsion
of
liver,
kidney
and spleen.
½ c.c. of liver
and
kidney
emulsion.
1 cc. of ditto .
Ditto .
1 c.c. of liver
emulsion.
Kind of
inocula¬
tion.
Subcuta-
neously.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Do.
.
Do. .
Do.
.
Do. .
Do.
.
Do.
.
Do. .
Do.
.
Date of
inocula-
tion.
5-1-29
5-1-29
5-1-29
5-1-29
14-1-29
14-1-29
14-1-29
21-3-29
31-3-29
1-4-29
29-4-29
4-5-29
Date of
death.
21-1-29
7-1-29
10-1-29
14-1-29
Dis¬
charged.
Do. .
16-1-29
2-4-29
8-4-29
29-4-29
4-5-29
6-5-29
Dura-
tion of
obser-
vation
in days.
16
2
5
9
81
81
2
11
7
28
4
1
*Result
of
post-
mortem
exami-
nation.
+
—
+
+
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Remarks.
Passaged to
Guinea-pig
No. 813.
Passaged
to
Guinea-pig
No. 819.
* Signs + or — shown under this column indicate respectively whether the post-mortem appearances presented were characteristic or not of
leptospiral infection.