NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
78
IN N. W. P. FARM.
Of 8 big mares, 2 have foaled.
3
2
1
are in foal.
have not come in season since covering.
doubtful.
Of 6 pony mares, 2 are in foal.
3
1
have not come in season since covering.
aborted.
This is all the more satisfactory when we consider that the acreage under
cultivation has increased from 32 to 46 acres.
IN PUNJAB FARM.
Of 8 big mares, 1 has foaled.
3
4
are in foal.
have not come in season since covering.
Of 5 pony mares, 1 has foaled.
1
1
2
is in foal.
aborted.
have not come in season since covering.
486. Young donkeys continue to be run on the Farm but the number
has been greatly reduced I am sorry to say; this is partly owing to the fact
that the Home-bred donkeys, as stated above, did not develop in bone as they
should; it was, therefore, decided to sell off 10 rather than incur further expense
of feeding. Six excellent young ones were bought at Gujrat and Rawalpindi,
but the number offered for sale this year was not equal to the number usually
offered. This was no doubt partly due to the fact that many had been taken
away for service.
Result of
running young
donkey stock
on the Farm.
487. The donkey stock, the produce of our Italian Jacks, bred in the
Punjab, is improving annually, and if it only possessed greater height it would
compare most favorably with the Jacks imported from Italy and Cyprus in
girth and shank; the Punjabi donkeys thus bred frequently exceed the imported
ones in these two last named points.
488. During the year under report, I was able to purchase 37 head of
young donkey stock, some of these were at once allotted to Provinces for
work, being of mature age. In addition to these, I was able to allot 16 from
the Farm, and only 1 proved unfit. Had it not been for this useful adjunct it
would have been necessary to keep on many old donkeys that have been got
rid of.
489. I would have gladly bought more this year, but no more were
available. A few excellent donkeys that were offered for sale were not bought
as the prices asked were prohibitive, ranging from Rs. 200 to Rs. 300. The
owners of these would not abate at all in price; this I have noticed previously,
and when such is the case, I find that this is due to the fact that the owners
let them out for covering at a fee of 8 annas to one rupee. When I find this,
I never interfere with these men, as I feel that they are doing good service by
keeping these donkeys for the purpose.
Balance Sheet
of cultivation
poerations.
490. Tables XVII and XVII (a), are Balance Sheets of cultivation operations
carried out at the North-Western Provinces and Punjab Depôts at Babugarh. The
profits of the North-Western Provinces Farm are returned as having been
Rs. 1,440-8-7 against Rs. 1,792-10-0 last year showing a decrease of Rs. 352-1-5,
whilst the profits of the Punjab Farm were Rs. 1,008-0-9 against Rs. 1,118-3-0
last year, being a decrease of Rs. 110-2-9.
491. Great economy has been exercised in the management of these Farms
in such matters in which expenditure could be reduced, otherwise the results would
not have been as satisfactory as they are. This was mainly owing to the cost of
82
Barley.
One and a half acres was sown with barley on the same land from which a monsoon crop of jooar was previously
got. The yield was 27 maunds and 30 seers barley and 30 maunds bhoosa. The grain is of good quality and the
outturn is good.
Maize.
Four acres of this crop yielded 50 maunds 10 seers of grain, the cobs were well filled and the grain was well
developed considering the unfavorable weather. The yield was fair. The seed was obtained from Alipur in the
Bulandshahr district.
Impey.
One and a quarter acres of Impey was sown in February and gave 3 cuttings of green fodder before the rain set
in; the yield was 677 maunds and 19 seers, which is satisfactory.
Jooar.
Three-quarters of an acre of jooar was sown; the seed germinated well and the stalks grew to a good height,
but the yield of grain was bad owing to heavy rain falling just as the plants were in flower; this washed away the
pollen, the result being that only 4 maunds 25 seers of grain were got and 150 maunds of dry churree.
Hay.
This year the hay crops were good. The Opehra encamping ground was given over to the North-Western
Provinces Instruction Farm for grazing young donkeys, and a third of the Hapur encamping ground was taken
instead for hay; the yield from this was 500 maunds, and from Nos. 1 and 10 paddocks 933 maunds; 292 maunds
were obtained by purchase. In all 1,725 maunds of good hay were saved this year against 1,130 maunds last
year. The grass was cut in time to make good hay, the new mowing machine having done very good work.
This year, about half the paddock in No. 1 west was overrun with weeds, so much so that all the grass was
choked. The Inspector-General ordered this land to be ploughed up and a crop of Impey was got from it. After
this Impey was cut, the land was well manured and sown with Oats and a fair crop was obtained. There is a
small plot of 'Oosur' land in this paddock on which gram was sown and found not to do well, so it was ploughed
up and liberally manured. This land will be worked up and got fit during the monsoons. After another year
this paddock will be free of weeds and we hope to get good crops of clean hay from it.
Bedding.
One hundred and fifty maunds of bedding grass was got from the Farm, 200 maunds were purchased from the
North-Western Provinces Instruction Farm, and 1,150 maunds from Yadnagar; the total quantity of bedding stacked
was 1,500 maunds.
PART I.—IMPERIAL REPORT.
B.—REVENUE SECTION.
V.—BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY.
87
Supply of
Mallein, &c.
513. I have further pointed out to Dr. Lingard and the Government of
India that, with a fully equipped Laboratory, we should be in a position to
prepare Mallein, Tuberculin, &c. The former is always required in this country
for testing cases of Glanders, and the supply has to be obtained from England.
There should be no difficulty in the matter, and I trust that Dr. Lingard will
see his way to add in this and other ways to the usefulness of the Laboratory
which has been erected at a great cost, and the up-keep of which amounts to a
large sum annually.
PART I.—IMPERIAL REPORT.
B.—REVENUE SECTION.
V (A)—EQUINE DISEASE.
PART I.—IMPERIAL REPORT.
B.—REVENUE SECTION.
VI—GENERAL.
102
charges incidental to the extra work done by the Department. I beg to submit
that the period embraced by the past five years has been one of great activity,
and if the work shown as having been done during the past year is considered,
in connection with the fact that we have but 16 working members in this
Department, I trust that the Government of India will be satisfied with the
results.
567. This Department is in its infancy and when the enormous interests
which are confided to its charge are considered, I think it will be recognized
that further expenditure is necessary. We may divide the interests involved
as follows.:—
(a).
(b).
(c).
(d).
—Horse and mule-breeding.
—Schools and Colleges.
—Bacteriological work.
—Cattle disease and breeding.
The first three are provided for, and but little increase of expenditure is
called for under these three heads, but no provision can be said to have been
made for the latter. I have entered fully into the importance of attention to
cattle breeding when dealing with this subject, and need only say that we have
but three Officers whose duties allow them to take up questions connected
with cattle; an increase of Officers is, therefore, in my opinion, imperatively
called for.
TOURS OF IMPERIAL OFFICERS.
Inspector
General,
Civil Veterinary
Department.
568. I was on tour from:—
1st
5th
2nd
28th
16th
6th
April to 16th April 1897.
July to 15th July 1897.
August to 6th August 1897.
August to 30th August 1897.
September to 24th September 1897.
October 1897 to 31st March 1898.
Making a total of 221 days, during which time, I travelled:—
1,457
1,574
25,530
miles by road.
„ by sea.
„ by rail.
569. Before giving a detail of the various centres which I visited during
my cold weather tour, I deem it advisable to explain that I purpose entering
fully into some of the duties which were carried out by me at the various
places. I consider this system to be more convenient, and to lead to a more
perfect elucidation of facts than if I divided them under the different headings
of horses, Cattle, Educational Establishments, &c.
570. In April I was present at the Rawalpindi Horse Show and then
proceeded to Ghaziabad, at which place I had paraded all the new stallions for
the inspection of the Secretary to the Government of India, Military Depart-
ment; these included:—
16 Arabs, purchased during the season in Bombay.
5 Thoroughbred Australians, imported by Messrs. Krcrouse & Madden.
8 Thoroughbred English.
2 Three-quarter breds.
1 Half-bred.
10 Hackneys.
}Imported from England.
In addition, 6 Instruction Farm ponies for sale to District Boards that had
been purchased during the year, were paraded.
I further sent to Ghaziabad, 2 representative donkeys of each class, viz.
Catalonian, Italian, Cyprian and Punjabi.
115
675. The numbers competing must be considered very satisfactory in Class
I. (c). Many would have been found suitable for Native Cavalry had a purchasing
Officer been present; as it was, a dealer had the Show to himself.
676. The brood mare class was excellent, and contained many very good
roomy mares. In the young stock class, about 25 per cent. were good and well
grown.
677. The pony mare class contained some very shapely roomy mares, in
every way suitable for mating with Arab ponies or galloways.
678. The mule class was disappointing, as many mares had been covered by
donkeys. This industry is getting a firm hold in the State.
679. This Show, as an organised institution, was started only 3 years ago
and had to be abandoned for two years owing to scarcity. As a comparatively
new venture, it must be considered a great success, and I can only add that it
surpassed all my expectations. My best thanks are due to Jinweda Khan the
Wazir of the State, for the great assistance he afforded me.
680. The following stallions are maintained at the Stud :—
1
1
2
1
2
Thoroughbred Australian,
Arab horse,
„ ponies,
Country-bred,
Donkey stallions,
these cover mares belonging to zemindars as well as those in the Stud.
681. A horse and donkey stallion are also posted to each of the following
Tehsils :—Khanpur, Minchinabad, Ahmadpur, and Sadikabad. During the past
year, the following number of mares have been covered :—
BY HORSE STALLIONS.
At the Stud
...
At Tehsils...
State
mares.
20
...
Zemindari
mares.
42
121
Total covered during the year.
Total.
62
121
183.
BY DONKEY STALLIONS.
At the Stud...
At Tehsils...
State
mares.
24
...
Zemindari
mares.
3
89
Total covered during the year.
Total.
27
89
116
682. When we compare the number of mares covered by horse stallions
with the number covered last year, we find a reduction of 22, but there is an
increase of 6 mares covered by Donkey stallions. Considering the scarcity of
fodder which prevailed in that State last year, the result, in my opinion, is highly
satisfactory.
Faridkot.
683. This State continues to take the same intelligent interest in the develop-
ment of horse and mule-breeding which it has evinced during the past 3 years.
684. At present, two Arabs and one donkey stallion are employed. The
former have covered 138 mares during the past year, being a decrease of 22 when
compared with last year. Of the 160 covered in 1896-97, forty five (45) foals are
known to have been dropped.
685. The donkey stallion covered 106 mares, being an increase of 18 over
last year. This number is too great, and seeing that mule-breeding is becoming-
very popular, I recommended that the State should purchase another donkey.
121
of their studs. All the studs have been supplied with good Arab sires as these are obtainable in the country, but
considerable difficulty is experienced by them in procuring Thoroughbreds. Some of the States have applied
for the services of Thoroughbreds on what appears to me to be conditions most favorable to Government. Taking
all circumstances into consideration, and the position we now stand with regard to these studs, I trust that
Government will be pleased to accede to their wishes, as these stallions will only be mated with big roomy marcs
whose offspring placed under such favorable conditions, should grow into typical remounts. I think that I can
safely say that the majority of these studs are now in good working order, and their future very promising.
740. The above must be considered satisfactory. Veterinary-Captain
Morgan does not state on what conditions Thoroughbreds are to be supplied, but I
have no doubt that the Bombay Government will meet the wishes of these States
if they possibly can.
741. In order to give some idea of the good work done by Native
States, I give the following summary which will show the number of mares cover-
ed by horse and donkey stallions:—
State.
Bahawalpur
Faridkot
Jhind
Kapurthala
Patiala
Bhurtpur
Jeypur
Ulwur
Mysore
Kashmir
Number of mares covered
by
Horse stallions.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total
183
138
130
257
...
129
68
594
181
...
1,680
Number of mares covered
by
Donkey stallions.
116
106
27
229
...
50
...
23
11
33
595
742. I greatly regret that no returns have been received from Patiala.
The figures, when compared with those of last year, show an increase of 94 mares
covered by horse stallions, but if the number covered in the Patiala State were
added, the increase would have been still greater.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1897-98
PART II.—PROVINCIAL REPORT.
I.—HORSE-BREEDING.
PART II.—PROVINCIAL REPORT.
II.—MULE BREEDING.
PART II.—PROVINCIAL REPORT.
III—CATTLE DISEASE—INVESTIGATION AND PREVENTION.
141
APPENDIX I.
Animals experimented
upon.
K
L1. Bullock ...
K
L2. Do. ...
K
L10. Do. ...
K
L2. Do. ...
K
L4 Do. ...
K
L13. Do. ...
K
L15. Do. ...
K
18. Do. ...
KK
L Do. ...
K
LXXII. Do. ...
K
LV. Do. ...
BILE INJECTION.
Quantity.
10 C. C. M. ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Dates.
3rd Sept. 1897,
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
5th ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
6th ditto ...
7th ditto ...
1ST BLOOD INJECTION.
Quantity.
1 C. C. M. ...
20C. C. M. ...
Ditto ...
10 C. C. M....
1 C. C. M. ...
Ditto ...
10 C. C. M....
1 C. C. M. ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Dates.
28th Jan. 1898,
10th Sept. 1897,
Ditto ...
16th ditto ...
28th Jan. 1898
12th Feb. 1898
12th Sept. 1897
12th Feb. 1898
28th Jan. 1898
12th Feb. 1898
Ditto ...
2ND BLOOD INJECTION.
Quantity.
1 C. C. M. ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
...
Ditto ...
...
Ditto ...
...
...
Dates.
4th Feb. 1898,
28th Jan. 1898,
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
4th Feb. 1898,
...
28th Jan. 1898,
...
4th Feb. 1898,
...
...
3RD BLOOD INJECTION.
Quantity.
...
1 C. C. M. ...
Ditto ...
Ditto
...
...
Ditto ...
...
...
...
...
Dates.
...
4th Feb. 1898,
Ditto ...
Ditto
...
...
Ditto ...
...
...
...
...
Minimum duration
of Immunity.
Months and days.
5
„
5
Ditto
Ditto
5
„
2
Ditto
5
„
10
5
„
2
5
„
10
5
„
2
5
„
9
5
„
8
REMARKS.
All these animals lived for days
with virulent Rinderpest and
slept on ground on which post
mortems had been held, &c., &c.,
&c. See body of Report.
Temperature rose to 104.2° on 27th
day and he was off feed. Return-
ed to normal next day.
Temperature rose 4/5°F. on 6th day.
150
six months. Surely a very small death rate. No doubt this inaccuracy is due to
there being so few Veterinary Subordinates in this Presidency, so that the
Government of Madras cannot expect much Veterinary help being given to the
people unless more Stock Inspectors or Veterinary Assistants are appointed.
ARAKAN DIVISION.
Akyab.
Lower Burmah.
854. Rinderpest.—When compared with the mortality reported during the
previous two years from this cause, the district may be said to have been
comparatively free from it. The average mortality per mensem during the last three
years is as follows:—
1895-96
3,525.75
1896-97
1,162.33
1897-98
139.58
855. The Rathedaung and Naaf townships suffered the heaviest losses during
the year. In the former township not a single death was recorded during the last
month of the last official year. The disease, however, broke out early in April, and
during this month 148 animals died. May showed but a slight change for the
better as 104 deaths were reported. However in June there was a marked fall and
the mortality continued to grow less month by month till January, when no deaths
were reported. The average mortality per mensem from April till December was
about 62.
856. In the Naaf township the disease had not quite died out at the close of
last year. In April it began to spread and continued to give trouble till
December. The average number of deaths per mensem for the abovenamed period
amounted to 62.33. A smart outbreak was reported from the Myohaung township
in the month of June when 150 deaths were reported. However, in July only 49
deaths were recorded, and after this the mortality steadily declined till December,
when no deaths were recorded. Two small outbreaks were reported from the
Myinbya township, one in June and the other in October. During the first
outbreak 66 head of cattle died, and 83 during the October outbreak.
The mortality from Rinderpest recorded in each township during the last
three years is shown in the following statement:—
Township
Kaladan
Minbya
Myohaung
Rathedaung
Akyab
Urittaung
Pauktaw
Naaf
Total
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1895-96
12,016
6,017
11,247
3,563
1,674
6,382
810
510
42,309
1896-97
55
1,241
1,833
2,536
14
2,609
4.018
1,642
13,948
1897-98
22
157
268
574
...
8
...
646
1,675
857. Anthrax and Charbon Symptomatique.— These diseases were reported
from four townships, namely, Myohaung, Pauktaw, Rathedaung and Kaladan.
The Myohaung township suffered the heaviest losses. In April 22 deaths were
reported, and in May 173 animals died. The disease continued to spread, and
in June caused heavy losses, namely, 235 deaths. July showed a marked
improvement, 57 deaths being reported. In October only four deaths were
recorded and in November one.
858. In Pauktaw these diseases were most prevalent between May and
September, during which period 262 out of a total of 284 deaths were recorded.
The greatest mortality, namely 93, was reported for the month of June. In
Rathedaung these diseases gave some trouble, especially during June when 86
deaths were recorded. The mortality during the other months was not high.
PART II—PROVINCIAL REPORT
IV.—CATTLE BREEDING, &c.
190
Districts from which
cattle were brought.
Khandesh
...
Nimar ...
Hoshungabad ...
NUMBER OF
CATTLE
PURCHASED.
Adul t
s .
709
417
152
Young
stock
...
...
...
Tot al .
709
417
152
Destination of
cattle.
Holker State . . .
Nimar ...
Hoshungabad . . .
Numbe r
.
864
378
36
Number
of bullocks pre-
sent. ...
6,569
...
Number
of calves. ...
130
...
Buffaloes
...
22
...
Goat s .
...
21
...
Poni es .
...
32
...
Total.
...
6,774
...
AVERAGE PRICE
OF CATTLE.
First quality
bullocks.
150 per pair.
Plough bullock
70 per pair.
2 years.
20 each.
3 years.
40 each.
Cows per seer.
10 per seer yield.
Buffaloes
Fe ma l
e s .
60 each.
Mal es .
25 each.
Baluchistan.
1065. Quetta Show.—There were only 99 exhibits at the Show against
165 last year, as per detail below:—
Bulls ... ... ...
Milch Cows
...
...
Other Cows
...
...
Bullock pairs
...
...
Rams
...
...
...
Ewes
...
...
...
He goats . . .
...
...
She goats
...
...
Carts
...
... ...
1897-98.
24
5
9
3
22
18
4
8
6
99
1896-97.
28
8
13
2
54
13
8
33
6
165
This decrease in number is probably due to the fact that many of the
breeders had left this for Kachi.
The cattle brought to the Show were not for sale. The zemindars keep
them for dairy and agricultural purposes.
No purchasers attented the Show, hence no sales.
Twenty-eight cattle and three carts won prizes of the total value of Rs. 150.
Bulls ... ... ... ...
Bullock pairs ... ... ...
Milch cows ... ... ... ...
Dry
„... ... ... ...
Rams ... ... ... ...
Ewes ... ... ... ...
She goats ... ... ... ...
He goats ... ... ... ...
Carts...
...
... ...
Rs. 30
„ 10
„ 20
„ 10
„ 15
„ 15
„ 10
„ 10
„ 30
Rs. 150
1066. Sibi Show.—It is only the Nari tract of Beluchistan in the Sibi
Tehsil that cattle are carefully bred and well cared for.
These cattle are suitable for conservancy carts and seige train and Army
Transport purposes.
Twelve bullocks were sold at this Show, four of them were purchased by
the Political Agent Quetta-Peshin, and 8 by breeders.
In addition to the above, 3 cows were purchased by breeders.
No fees are realized at the Show.
195
PART II.—PROVINCIAL REPORT.
V.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION.
1068. Examinations were held at Lahore, Rajputana, Bombay, and Bengal
Schools and Colleges and as usual, the Assistant to the Inspector-General, Civil
Veterinary Department, was deputed as a Member of the Board of Examination
at each.
1069. In his final report, this Officer makes certain suggestions which have
been submitted for the consideration of the Government of India, but whilst
agreeing with all his recommendations I consider that it will be better to defer
all questions referring to curriculum, teaching, &c., at the various schools, until
that of a Subordinate Veterinary Establishment is decided on, when a Conference
of the Principals of all the Schools might be held to decide upon the changes
which are necessary to ensure more uniformity than now exists.
Bombay
Veterinary
College.
1070. The examination was held at Bombay from 29th August to 4th
September 1897. The following Officers formed the Board of Examiners:—
President.
Veterinary-Captain Morgan, Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Depart-
ment, Bombay.
Members.
Veterinary-Captain Gunn, Assistant to the Inspector-General, Civil
Veterinary Department.
Veterinary-Lieutenant Axe, Army Veterinary Department,
1071. The Government having ruled that the examinations were to be held
solely by the Examiners named and the teaching staff was not to be employed on
the Board, this was carried into effect for the first time. Each lecturer, responsi-
ble for his subject, was present with the Examiner at each table to act as
"Moderator."
1072. At my suggestion, the Government of Bombay named a Conference,
composed of the Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department, Bombay, the Princi-
pal and Assistant Principal, to consider various suggestions that had been made
by the Board of Examiners. It was decided:—
(a)—That 100 marks should be allotted for Operative Surgery instead
of 50.
(b)—That the vacation should be continuous for 3 months as at other
Schools.
(c)—That the examinations should be held from 10th to 20th December,
and that the College should re-open on 4th January.
(d)—That the duration of the examinations should be laid down at 10
days. This latter recommendation is very necessary, as on this
occasion they were confined to 7, and it was found that the strain
was too great both on the examiners and the students.
1073. At the commencement of the year there were 69 students on the
College rolls. There were only 7 entries against 25 last year, this no doubt being
due to the prevalence of Bubonic Plague in Bombay.
1074. The following table will show the number of students- who presented
themselves for examination in each class as well as the number that were successful.