NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
No. 241-S. (H.—Medl.).
FROM
A. LATIFI, ESQUIRE, O.B.E., I.C.S.,
Offg. Secretary to Government, Punjab,
Transferred Departments,
TO
THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,
HOME DEPARTMENT.
Dated Simla, the 22nd May 1922.
Home
Medical.
SIR,
I am directed to forward for the information of the Government of India
the statistical tables of the Punjab Lunatic Asylum for the year 1921 with a
note by the Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Punjab, and to convey the
following remarks of the Punjab. Government (Ministry of Education).
2. There was again a fall in the total population of the Asylum owing
to the continued decrease in admissions from overseas. The daily average
strength, however, stood at about 703 males and 162 females, which is
slightly above the average of the preceding year.
The principal types and the principal predisposing or exciting causes
remained much the same, cases due to the use of hemp and its preparations
still heading the list. There was a satisfactory rise in the number of inmates
discharged as cured ; but there was a fall in the number returned to their
friends after improvement, which accounts for the slight increase in the average
population.
3. The daily average of sick fell from 65 in 1920 to 36 in 1921, in
spite of outbreaks of influenza and cholera. The marked decrease in sickness
is attributed to the general healthiness of the year, and to the closer attention
which it has been possible for an increased staff to give to the food, bedding
and clothing of the inmates. There was a bad record of escapes, of which
there were six during the year; enquiries reveal the difficulty still found in
securing the right type of men for the warder class, owing to the uncongenial
nature of the work.
4. There was an increase in recurring expenditure on the Asylum
owing to the rise in the cost of materials and medicines, and increase in the
staff ; but owing to the large item of Rs. 67,008 in the last year's accounts for
Public Works Department building charges, the total expenditure was about
the same. There was a fall in profits from manufactures, but receipts from
paying patients rose by more than 50 per cent.
5. The thanks of the Punjab Government are due to Major Cox
I.M.D., who has succeeded Major Fleming, for the zeal and ability with which
he has carried out his onerous duties, and to the Deputy Superintendent and
subordinate staff who have worked under him. The Franciscan Sisters have
continued to discharge their voluntary duties of attending to the welfare of
the inmates with the same self-sacrifice as in previous years.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient servant,
A. LATIFI,
Of f g. Secretary to Government, Punjab,
Transferred Departments.
16 CS—232-31-5-22—SGPP Simla.
ii
STATEMENT No. I.
SHOWING THE ADMISSIONS, DISCHARGES, ETC., OF LUNATICS IN THE PUNJAB LUNATIC
ASYLUM, LAHORE, DURING THE YEAR 1921 AND TWO PREVIOUS YEARS.
1
YEARS.
1919 ...
1920 ...
1921 ...
1
YEAR.
1919 ...
1920 ...
1921 ...
2
REMAINED
ON 1ST
JANUARY.
Males.
704
694
703
Females.
168
163
147
Total.
872
857
850
3
ADMITTED.
Males.
249
276
214
Females.
48
64
71
Total.
297
340
285
9
DAILY AVERAGE STRENGTH.
Males.
706.54
703.83
702.68
Females.
168.45
158.99
161.90
Total.
874.99
862.82
864.58
4
RE-AD
MIT-
TED.
Males.
37
36
47
Females.
11
15
22
Total.
48
51
69
5
TOTAL
POPULA-
TION.
Males.
990
1,006
964
Females.
227
242
240
10
DAILY AVERAGE SICK.
Males.
76.53
48.63
23.12
Females.
14.05
16.16
12.31
Total.
90.58
64.79
36.13
Total.
1,217
1,248
1,204
6
Discharged.
A.
CURED.
Males.
94
96
120
Females.
22
11
18
Total.
116
107
138
B
TRANSFERRED
TO FRIENDS.
Improved.
Males.
100
102
69
Females.
9
34
19
Total.
109
136
88
Not
im-
proved.
Males.
20
12
14
Females.
1
1
6
Total.
21
13
20
C
OTHER-
WISE.
Males.
19
21
15
Females.
3
8
...
Total.
22
29
15
D
TOTAL.
Males.
233
231
218
Females.
35
54
43
Total.
268
285
261
7
DIED.
Males.
63
68
76
Females.
29
41
21
Total.
92
109
97
8
REMAINING
ON 31st
DECEMBER.
Males.
694
707
670
Females.
163
147
176
Total.
857
854
846
11
Percentage to
DAILY AVERAGE STRENGTH.
A
CURED.
Males.
13.30
13.64
17.08
Females.
13.06
6.92
11.12
Total.
13.26
12.40
15.96
B
DIED.
Males.
8.92
9.66
10.82
Females.
17.22
25.79
12.97
Total.
10.51
12.63
11.22
ADMISSION.*
C
CURED.
Males.
8.74
13.14
22.99
Females.
15.25
3.79
16.13
NOTE—Observation cases are not included in the figures for 1921.
* Calculated only in cured and died among the admissions during the year.
The capacity of the Punjab Asylum is, at 50 superficial feet per patient, for —
Males ... ... ... ... ...
Females ... ... ... ... ...
Total
...
672
190
862
The maximum number of lunatics confined on any one night was —
Males ... ... ... ... ...
Females ... ... ... ... ...
Total
...
725
169
894
Total.
9.86
11.25
21.19
D
DIED.
Males.
6.64
4.17
4.60
Females.
11.86
8.86
4.30
Total.
7.54
5.12
4.52
iii
STATEMENT No. I-A.
SHOWING CASES ADMITTED FOR OBSERVATION IN THE PUNJAB LUNATIC ASYLUM, LAHORE, DURING THE YEAR 1921
AND TWO PREVIOUS YEARS.
1
YEAR.
1919 ...
1920 ...
1921 ...
2
REMAINED
ON
1ST JANUARY.
Males.
6
5
4
Females.
...
...
...
Total.
6
5
4
3
ADMITTED.
Males.
94
112
103
Females.
37
45
63
Total.
131
157
166
4
RE-ADMITTED.
Males.
11
20
30
Females.
4
12
6
Total.
15
32
36
5
CERTIFIED AND
ADMITTED INTO
ASYLUM.
Males.
47
58
52
Females.
22
28
44
Total.
69
86
96
6
CERTIFIED AND RE-
LEASED UNDER SECTION
14, ACT IV OF 1912.
Males.
47
51
54
Females.
14
25
24
Total.
61
76
78
7
RELEASED AS
UNCERTIFIABLE.
Males.
5
19
16
Females.
1
1
1
Total.
6
20
17
8
DIED.
Males.
7
5
7
Females.
4
3
...
Total.
11
8
7
9
REMAINING
ON 31ST
DECEMBER.
Males.
5
4
8
Females.
...
...
...
Total.
5
4
8
10
REMARKS.
iv
STATEMENT No. II.
RETURN OF CRIMINAL LUNATICS IN THE PUNJAB LUNATIC ASYLUM, LAHORE, FOR THE
YEAR 1921 AND TWO PREVIOUS YEARS.
1
YEAR.
1919 ... ...
1920 ... ...
1921 ... ...
1
YEAR.
1919 ... ...
1920 ... ...
1921 ... ...
2
REMAINING ON 1ST JANUARY.
Males.
159
167
159
Females.
5
8
3
6
DISCHARGED, TRANS-
FERRED, ETC.
Males.
20
27
32
Females.
...
2
1
Total.
20
29
33
Total.
164
175
162
3
ADMITTED.
Males.
28
28
31
7
DIED.
Males.
7
9
7
Females.
2
1
1
Total.
9
10
8
Females.
...
1
2
Total.
28
29
33
4
RE-ADMITTED.
Males.
7
...
2
8
REMAINING ON 31ST
DECEMBER.
Males.
167
159
153
Females.
3
3
3
Total.
170
162
156
Females.
...
2
...
Total.
7
2
2
5
TOTAL.
Males.
194
195
192
Females.
5
6
5
Total.
199
201
197
9
DAILY AVERAGE STRENGTH.
Males.
160.15
162.39
164.74
Females.
4.39
2.42
3.39
Total.
164.54
164.81
168.13
NOTE.—The figures exhibited in this statement exclude " under observation " cases.
vi
STATEMENT No. IV.
RETURN SHOWING THE PREVIOUS OCCUPATION OF PATIENTS ADMITTED INTO
THE PUNJAB LUNATIC ASYLUM, LAHORE, DURING THE YEAR 1921 AND TWO
PREVIOUS YEARS.
1
OCCUPATION OF PATIENTS.
Artizans
...
...
...
Beggars
...
...
...
Cultivators
...
...
...
Domestic servants
...
...
Housewives
...
...
...
Labourers
...
...
...
Landowners
...
...
...
Military
...
...
...
Priests
...
...
...
Professional
...
...
...
Prostitutes ... ... ...
Public servants ... ... ...
Sadhus
and
Faqirs
...
...
Shop-keepers
...
...
...
Teachers and students ... ...
No occupation
...
...
...
Unknown ... ... ...
Total ...
2
1921.
Males.
1
6
34
4
...
19
4
25
3
30
...
29
2
24
6
39
35
261
Females.
...
1
2
...
55
...
...
...
1
1
1
...
...
...
2
18
12
93
Total.
1
7
36
4
55
19
4
25
4
31
1
29
2
24
8
57
47
354
3
1920.
Males.
7
10
37
6
...
28
9
45
1
26
...
26
3
25
14
25
25
287
Females.
...
...
...
1
48
2
...
...
...
1
1
...
...
...
1
24
...
78
Total.
7
10
37
7
48
30
9
45
1
27
1
26
3
25
15
49
25
365
4
1919.
Males.
3
11
37
4
...
28
8
50
2
26
...
19
6
16
9
33
20
272
Females.
...
...
...
...
34
1
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
...
1
4
16
58
Total.
3
11
37
4
34
29
8
50
2
28
...
19
6
16
10
37
36
330
NOTE.—Figures exhibited in this statement exclude " under observation " cases.
STATEMENT No. V.
RETURN SHOWING THE AGES OF PATIENTS ADMITTED INTO THE PUNJAB
LUNATIC ASYLUM, LAHORE, DURING THE YEAR 1921 AND TWO
PREVIOUS YEARS.
1
YEAR.
1919 ... ...
1920 ... ...
1921 ... ...
2
UNDER 20.
Males.
21
22
26
Females.
10
8
14
Total.
31
30
40
3
20 TO 40.
Males.
199
216
187
Females.
33
44
55
Total.
232
260
242
4
40 TO 60.
Males.
45
39
39
Females.
13
19
20
Total.
58
58
59
5
UPWARDS OF 60.
Males.
7
10
9
Females.
2
7
4
Total.
9
17
13
6
TOTAL.
Males.
272
287
261
Females.
58
78
93
Total.
330
365
354
NOTE.—Figures exhibited in this statement exclude " under observation " cases.
ix
STATEMENT No. VIII.
SHOWING THE CASH ACCOUNT OF THE PUNJAB LUNATIC ASYLUM FOR THE YEAR 1921 AND TWO PREVIOUS YEARS.
YEARS.
1
1919 ... ...
...
1920 ... ... ...
1921
...
...
...
RECEIPTS.
Received from Treasury.
2
Rs.
1,63,694
1,81,641
2,30,910
A.
10
6
12
P.
3
10
10
Received from paying pa-
tients.
3
Rs.
7,459
7,929
13,299
A.
14
1
0
P.
11
4
5
Value of stores received,
from the Manufacturing
Department, less cost of
raw material.
4
Rs.
9,483
10,748
11,084
A.
3
7
8
P.
9
8
2
Book receipts, i.e., the total
of expenditure entered in
columns 19, 20 and 21.
5
Rs.
21,837
68,020
9,694
A.
9
12
14
P.
9
6
9
Miscellaneous receipts.
6
Rs.
1,709
2,226
1,240
A.
4
11
7
P.
2
8
3
Total.
7
Rs.
2,04,184
2,70,566
2,66,229
A.
10
8
11
P.
10
0
5
CHARGES.
Establishment.
Establishment, pro-
per.
8
Rs.
40,935
49,770
57,438
A.
15
4
8
P.
3
6
1
Superintendence.
9
Rs.
8,483
9,600
13,111
A.
5
0
7
P.
4
0
2
Diet.
10
Rs.
95,762
1,02,574
1,27,792
A.
5
4
3
P.
5
10
3
Clothing and bedding.
11
Rs.
15,437
16,396
24,892
A.
4
1
1
P.
3
9
0
Bazar medicines.
12
Rs.
547
523
390
A.
2
13
8
P.
10
9
9
YEARS.
1
1919 ... ... ...
1920 ... ... ...
1921 ... ... ...
CHARGES—concluded.
Contingencies.
Contingencies, pro-
per.
13
Rs.
10,526
12,109
16,351
A.
14
8
13
P.
4
4
7
Repairs
and main-
tenance.
14
Rs.
968
930
1,421
A.
13
2
12
P.
7
4
2
Rates
and taxes.
15
Rs.
516
485
596
A.
0
11
15
P.
0
0
0
Remitted to Treasury on
account of paying pa-
tients, etc.
16
Rs.
9,169
10,155
14,539
A.
3
13
7
P.
1
0
8
Miscellaneous items.
17
Rs. A. P.
...
...
...
Total of columns 8—17.
18
Rs.
1,82,347
2,02,545
2,56,534
A.
1
11
12
P.
1
6
3
Book Charges.
Charges on account
of work done by
the Public Works
Department.
19
Rs.
19,976
67,018
7,024
A.
0
0
0
P.
0
0
0
Cost of printed
forms and sta-
tionery.
20
Rs.
77
124
77
A.
1
10
3
P.
9
6
9
Cost of English
stores, medicines,
etc.
21
Rs.
1,784
878
2,593
A.
8
2
11
P.
0
0
0
Total of columns 18—21.
22
Rs.
2,04,184
2,70,566
2,66,229
A.
10
8
11
P.
10
0
5
REMARKS.
23
NOTE.—The value of stores must be entered at market rates.
x
STATEMENT No. IX.
SHOWING THE SANCTIONED ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PUNJAB LUNATIC ASYLUM
AS IT STOOD ON THE 31ST DECEMBER 1921.
1
Establishment.
Superintendent
...
...
... ... ...
Deputy Superintendent
...
...
... ...
Assistant Deputy Superintendent ... ... ...
Head Clerk
...
...
...
Second clerk ... ... ...
Moharrir ... ... ...
Sub-Assistant Surgeons
...
...
European Wardor ...
...
...
Matron
...
...
...
...
Assistant Matrons
...
...
...
Superior Warders ...
...
...
Head Attendant
...
...
...
Deputy Head Attendants
...
...
First class Attendants
...
...
Second
„
„
...
...
...
...
Third „
„
... ... ... ...
Gate-keeper ... ... ... ... ...
Sanitary keeper
...
...
...
...
...
Dhobi
...
...
...
...
...
...
Chaprasi ... ... ... ... ... ..
Probationers
... ... ... ... ...
Attendants Male
...
...
...
...
...
Cook
...
...
...
...
...
...
Malis ... ... ... ... ... ...
Head sweeper
...
...
...
...
...
...
Sweepers
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
Number.
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
2
1
2
7
18
65
1
1
1
1
13
2
1
2
1
27
Daily average number of males including observation cases ...
„
„
„
„
females including observation cases ...
Proportion of
Jemadars to males
...
Jemadarins to females ...
Male keepers to males ...
Female keepers to females ...
141.11
161.92
7.51
20.24
3
Monthly wages.
Rs.
900
400
380
110
43
48
482
ISO
190
365
110
48
74
201
896
1,251
15
14
18
14
247
38
22
46
14
365
A.
0
0
0
0
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
8
0
P.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
705.55
161.92
xi
STATEMENT No. X.
SHOWING RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE ON ACCOUNT OF MANUFACTURES IN THE PUNJAB LUNATIC ASYLUM DURING THE YEAR 1921
YEAR.
1
1919 ...
1920 ...
1921 ...
MEAN POPULATION.
Males.
2
706.54
703.83
705.55
Females.
3
168.45
158.99
161.92
Total.
4
874.99
862.82
867.47
CREDITS.
Cash
paid into Treasury for articles
sold.
5
Rs.
1,709
2,226
1,240
A.
4
11
7
P.
2
8
3
Value of manufactured goods made over
to Asylum for Asylum purposes.
6
Rs.
20,650
22,587
22,636
A.
15
4
12
P.
7
2
3
Value
of raw material in store at the
end of the year.
7
Rs.
649
883
570
A.
15
1
11
P.
7
0
0
Value of manufactured goods in store
at the end of the year.
8
Rs.
...
...
...
Value
of plant and machinery in store
at the end of the year.
9
Rs.
651
651
651
A.
12
12
12
P.
0
0
0
Total credits.
10
Rs.
23,661
26,348
25,099
A.
15
12
10
P.
4
10
6
DEBITS.
Value of manufactured goods in store
on 1st January.
11
Rs.
...
...
...
Value of raw material in store on 1st
January.
12
Rs.
524
649
883
A.
13
15
1
P.
11
7
0
Value
of plant and machinery in store
on 1st January.
13
Rs.
651
651
651
A.
12
12
12
P.
0
0
0
Raw material purchased.
14
Rs.
10,871
11,733
11,301
A.
0
8
0
P.
10
6
6
Contingencies of manufacture.
15
Rs.
296
105
251
A.
11
14
3
P.
0
0
7
All other charges.
16
Rs.
...
...
Total debits.
17
Rs
12,344
13,141
13,087
A.
5
2
1
P.
9
1
1
RESULTS.
Excess of credits or profits.
.
18
Rs.
11,317
13,207
12,012
A.
9
19
9
P.
7
9
5
Excess of debits or loss.
19
Rs.
...
...
...
REMARKS.
20
Average number of lunatics employed on manufactures—
1921.
1920.
1919.
165.85
152.91
159.41
Males ...
10.16
20.00
19.89
Females ...
176.01
172.91
179.30
Total...
NOTE (1)—The average number of inmates employed during the year on manufactures may be stated in the column for remarks or in a footnote.
(2)—The " value " of materials, stores, &c., must be entered at market rates.
113 IGCH—131—26-4-22-SGPP Lahore
CONTENTS
(VOL. XIII, PART I)
March 1943
The Editorial Committee of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research,
India, takes no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this Journal
Original Articles
STUDIES ON NEWCASTLE (RANIKHET) DISEASE
VIRUS (WITH PLATES I—IV)
BRUCELLOSIS IN INDIA . . . . .
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS
ON THE VITAMIN C CONTENT OF THE MILK
OF COWS AND BUFFALOES
PLEUROPNEUMONIA IN GOATS WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO PASTEURELLA INFECTION
(WITH PLATES V AND VI)
AN OUTBREAKS OF BOVINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE TOXIVITY OF CRINUM
DEFIXUM KER-GAWL, I (WITH PLATE VII)
TUBERCULOSIS AMONGST GOATS AT THE GOVERN-
MENT CATTLE FARM, HISSAR
SIZE OF EXPERIMENTS FOR TESTING SERA OR
VACCINES
S. Ganapathy Iyer .
J. B. Polding . .
Zal R. Kothavalla and
Harnand Singh Gill
P. G. Pande . .
S. R. Hassan and J. A .
Idnani
M. R.
Subramania
Sastry, C. K. Vela¬
yudhan Nayar, R.
Ramaswamy and K.
Venkatachalam
P.N. Nanda. and Gopal
Singh
P. V. Sukhatme and
V. G. Panse
Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Review
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PAGE
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27
35
44
59
65
70
75
83
93
CONTENTS
(VOL. XIII, PART II)
June 1943
The Editorial Committee of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, India, takes no
responsibility for the opinions expressed in this Journal
Original articles
FLUORINE INTOXICATION OF CATTLE IN INDIA (WITH PLATES
VIII & IX AND ONE MAP)
SOYA BEAN MEAL SUPPLEMENTS FOR CHICKENS
ANALYSIS OF WEIGHT RECORDS OF ETAH GOATS (WITH TWO
TEXT-FIGURES)
SPOILAGE IN DRIED SHRIMPS . . . . . .
A PRELIMINARY NOTE ON SOME INDIGENOUS METHODS OF EGG
PRESERVATION (WITH PLATE X)
A SIMPLE ' RAM-KO ' METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF FAT IN
MILK (WITH ONE TEXT-FIGURE)
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON RICKETS IN PUPS .
.
.
.
THE RELATION OF THE CANDLING APPEARANCE OF EGGS TO
THEIR THICKS WHITE PERCENTAGE (WITH PLATE XI AND
ONE TEXT-FIGURE)
STUDIES ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD OF FARM ANIMALS
IN INDIA, I.—A STUDY OF SOME HEMA
AND
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN THE BLOOD OF NORMAL CATTLE
PROTEINS FOR EGG PRODUCTION (WITH PLATE XII) . .
AN ADAPTATION OF WHITE S METHOD FOR THE COLLECTION OF
INFECTIVE LARVAE FROM BOVINE FAECAL CULTURES
AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION
OBSERVATION ON THE BIOLOGY OF ORNITHODORUS PAPILLIPES
BIRULA
CONTUGNIA BHALERAO N.SP (WITH TWO TEXT-FIGURES) . .
A NOTE ON THE CRUDE FIBRE OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS
ANNUOS)
DIRO-FlLARIA REPENS INFESTATION OF DOGS (WITH PLATES
XIII AND XIV)
MORBID GROWTHS IN THE HORN CORE OF A BULLOCK (WITH
PLATE XV)
SOME METHODS OF FEEDING TICKS . . . . .
NOTES OF PARASITOLOGICAL INTEREST (WITH PLATE XVI)
B. N. Majumdar, S. N. Ray
and K. C. Sen
A. J. Macdonald and S. Bose
C. K. Dilwali . . .
K. Gopinath . . .
T. S. Krishnan . .
C. S. Ram Ayyar and Zal
R. Kothavalla
K. Raghavachari . .
T. S. Krishnan . .
D. N. Mullick and A. K.
Pal
A.J. Macdonald and S. Bose
S. N. Vaidyanathan .
S. N. Sapre . . .
S. Vaithanatha Mudaliar .
Alam Singh . . .
R. G. Dhayagude . .
Balbir Singh and D. J.
Gupte
S. N. Sapre . . .
M. Anant Narayan Rao
Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PAGE
95
108
115
121
127
133
137
141
146
150
157
162
166
168
171
174
175
178
180
CONTENTS
(VOL. XIII, PART III)
September 1943
The Editorial Committee of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, India, takes no
responsibility for the opinions expressed in this Journal
Original articles
TREE LEAVES AS CATTLE FODDER, I. THE SEASONAL VARIA-
TION IN THE COMPOSITION OF SAME EDITABLE TREE LRAVES
(WITH TWO TEXT-FIGURES)
TREE LEAVES AS CATTLE FFODDER, II. DIGESTIBILITY COEFFI-
CIENT AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SAME TREE LEAVES
GREEN BERSEEM AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CONCENTRATES FOR
ECONOMIC FEEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF PROTEINS FOR CHICKENS . .
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND VITAMIN-A POTENCY OF
COW'S MILK AND BUTTER FAT UNDER INTENSIVE GREEN
FEEDING AND THE CAROTENE METABOLISM OF DAIRY ANI-
MALS
OBSERVATION ON A CONTAGIOUS KERATITIS OF INDIAN
SHEEP (WITH PLATE XVII)
PHOSPHORUS IN MILK, I. THE PHOSPHORUS PARTITION IN
THE MILK OF COW, GOAT, SHEEP AND HUMAN BEINGS
PHOSPHORUS IN MILK, II. AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS OF
THE MILK OF COW, GOAT AND BUFFALO
SKRJABINEMA OVIS (SKRJABIN, 1915) WERESCHTSCHAGIN, 1925,
AN OXYURID PARASITE OF THE GOAT (CAPRA HIRCUS) IN
INDIA
REUTILIZATION OF USED AGAR MEDIA, I.
ON THE PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF SEA-WATER IN THE
TREATMENT OF CANINE MANGE—SARCOPTIC AND FOLLICU-
LAR (WITH PLATE XVIII)
SOME OBSERVATION ON THE INTERNAL BODY TEMPERATURE
IN GOATS (WITH ONE TEXT-FIGURE).
ON CERTAIN INSTANCES OF FISH MORTALITY IN TANKS AND
PONDS IN THE PUNJAB
S. A. Momin and S. C.
Ray
Chet Ram and S. C. Ray .
N. C. Das Gupta . .
A. J. Macdonald . .
B. C. Ray Sarkar and K.
C.Sen. .
P. N. Nanda and M.
Abdussalam
K. P. Basu and K. P.
Mukherjee
K. P. Basu and K. P.
Mukherjee
S. N. Vaidyanathan .
E. V. Seshacharyulu and
Zal R. Kothavalla
K. Venkatachalam, A. N.
Ratnagiriswaran, M. R.
Subramania Sastry, R.
Ramaswamy and C. K.
Velayudhan Nayar
M. Nazir Sadiq
Hamid Khan
Research note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PAGE
183
191
196
214
219
228
231
236
240
241
244
247
249
252
253
CONTENTS
(Vol. XIII, Part IV)
December 1943
The Editorial Committee of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, India, takes no
responsibility for the opinions expressed in this Journal
Original articles
STUDIES ON PROTEIN METABOLISM, I. INVESTIGATIONS UPON
THE ENDOGE NITROGNE METABOLISM OF CATTLE
STUDIES ON PROTEIN METABOLISM, II. THE EFFECT OF MUSCULAR
WORK ON ENDOGENOUS PROTEIN CATABOLISM IN CATTLE
OBSERVATION ON THE FORMS OF BABESIA GIBSONI (PATTON) IN THE
DOG ; WITH A NOTE ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE
PARASITE (WITH PLATES XIX AND XX)
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STAR GRASS (CYNODON PLEOTOSTA-
CHYUM) AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH AND THE NUTRI-
TIVE VALUE OF MATURE STAR GRASS HAY
EFFECT OF INVERSION OF TUBES AT DIFFERENT INTERVALS ON
THE REDUCTION OF METHYLENE BLUE IN MILK
BERSEEM HAY—AN ECONOMIC-FEED FOR REDUCING THE CON-
CENTRATE REQUIREMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE
THE OCCURRENCE OF BOVINE CONTAGIOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA
IN ASSAM (WITH ONE TEXT-FIGURE)
THE CERCARIAL FAUNA OF THE IRRIGATED TRACT OF THE NIZAM'S
DOMINIONS, WITH SUGGESTIONS REGARDING THEIR RELA-
TIONSHIP TO THE TREMATODE PARASITES IN MAN AND IN
DOMESTIOC AND OTHER ANIMALS
EFFECT OF HEATING MILK OF INDIAN COWS AND BUFFALOES BY
DIFFERENT PROCESSES
THE EFFICIENCY OF LIME AND WATER GLASS FOR EGG PRESER-
VATION (WITH PLATE XXI AND TWO TEXT-FIGURE)
ON THE RELATIVE VALUE OF CERTAIN LARVICOROUS FISHES FROM
THE PUNJAB, WITH NOTES ON THIER HABITS AND HABITATS
SORGHUM HELEPENSE PERS POISONING IN CATTLE AND SHEEP
(WITH PLATE XXII)
STUDIES ON ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS, I. A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGA-
TION ON THE UTILIZATION OF THE BARK OF ALSTONIA
SCHOLARIS AS A REMEDY AGAINST PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS IN
ANIMALS (WITH PLATE XXIII)
A UNIVERSAL APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING URINE OF BULLOCKS
AT WORK (WITH PLATE XXIV AND ONE TEXT-FIGURE)
Selected article
LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTIONS . . . . . . .
N. D. Kehar, B. Mukherjee
and K. C. Sen
N. D. Kehar, B. Mukherjee,
V. V.S. Murty and K.C.
Sen
H. N. Ray and J. A.
Idnani
N. L. Mathur and S. G. Ray
E. V. Seshacchayulu and
Zal R. Kothavalla
N. C. Das Gupta . .
V. B. Gopalakrishnan .
G. D. Bhalerao . . .
C. P.
Anantakrishnan,
Noshir N. Dastur and
Zal B. Kothavalla
A. J. Macdonald and T. S.
Krishnan
Hamid Khan . . .
H. S. Bawa . . .
K.
Venkatachalam
and
M. B.
Subramania
Sastry
M. A. Rashid Sharrar .
B. Lovell .
.
.
.
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PAGE
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267
274
277
279
287
294
297
306
315
326
328
330
332
336
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
STUDIES ON NEWCASTLE (RANIKHET) DISEASE VIRUS*
BY
S. GANAPATHY IYER, G.M.V.C.
Research Officer, Poultry Diseases, Imperial Veterinary Research Institute
Mukteswar
(Received for publication on 2 January 1941)
(With Plates I—IV)
I.—REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK
R ANIKHET disease is, without doubt, the most important disease of poultry
in India and certain other parts of the world, where it has assumed an ende-
mic form, and it is responsible for great losses to the poultry industry. The wide-
spread nature of the disease and its high infectivity render the problem of
control most difficult, and no satisfactory method has, as yet, been found.
to reduce its ravages.
The nomenclature of this disease is somewhat confusing, because various
names have been given for what appears to be one and the same disease. It
is known by the name of ' Newcastle disease ' in Great Britain; ' Ranikhet
or Doyle's disease ' in India ; ' pseudo-fowl pest' in Java ; ' fowl pest ' in the
Philippines ; ' Korean disease ' in Japan ; and ' pseudo-fowl plague ' in
Australia. The term ' Newcastle disease ' was provisionally given when it was
first recognized to be a separate entity by Doyle [1927]. This name is not
really suitable but must be retained until a more appropriate one is found.
History of the disease
The disease was first diagnosed in England in 1926 on a poultry farm near
Newcastle-on-Tyne. During the following six months, the disease was con-
firmed in 11 counties. Thereafter, no further outbreaks were recognized
in Britain until 1933 when the disease reappeared on a large poultry farm in
Hertfordshire and was responsible for the death or destruction of about 6,000
fowls. This outbreak, reported by Dobson [1939], showed certain features
which had not been associated with the first outbreak. By the enforcement
of strict control measures, the infection was confined to the farm of origin
and it is noteworthy that this disease is unknown at the present time in the
British Isles.
Picard [1928] reported that a new disease of fowls was observed in the
Dutch East Indies with almost a 100 per cent mortality. He made notable
contributions to our knowledge of this disease during subsequent years as a
result of his intensive work on the problem of its control.
Rodier [1928], Farinas [1930], Acevedo [1933] and Coronel [1939] des-
cribed outbreaks of this disease among fowls in the Philippines.
In India, it was reported for the first time by Edwards [1928], but to place
on record a few facts concerning the discovery of this disease in this country,
it might be stated that it was Shirlaw who was ' deputed unofficially by Dr
Edwards to investigate a disease at Ranikhet where a retired officer had suffered
*The experimental work was carried out by the author at the Veterinary Laboratory,
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Weybridge, England while on deputation under
a grant from the I. C. of A. R.
1