NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
2
The numbers vaccinated by Municipal vaccinators are
22,388. Of these 21,710 were primary, with 18,271, or 91.81
per cent., successful, and 678 were revaccinations, with 329, or
58.85 per cent., successful. The total cost was Rs. 2,200-11-11,
and of each successful case ana 1 pies 10 and a fraction.
There were 34 Municipal vaccinators.
The numbers vaccinated by Local Fund vaccinators are
46,880. Of these 46,413 were primary, with 36,908, or 85.93
per cent., successful, and 467 were revaccinations, with 340,
or 79.43 per cent., successful. The total cost was Rs.
2,669-12-6, and of each successful case ana 1 pie 1 and a
fraction. There were 65 Local Fund vaccinators.
The numbers vaccinated by men employed by Native
States are 4,194, of which 3,439 were primary, with 2564,
or 75.08 per cent., successful, and 755 were revaccinations,
with 479, or 65.52 per cent., successful. The total cost was
Rs. 480, and of each successful case anas 2 pies 6 and a
fraction. There were 4 Native States vaccinators; 16 Hakíms
were also employed by Native States, who performed 4,656
vaccinations, and were paid Rs. 9-11-0.
There were 5 Hakíms employed in Government districts,
who performed 1,804 vaccinations, of which 1,383, or 72.25
per cent., were successful. These men did not receive pay.
Hospital Assistants attached to Dispensaries performed 2,217
vaccinations, of which 1,861, or 87.90 per cent., were success-
ful. They received no pay for this work.
Only three Returns of cantonment vaccinations have
been received, and but one of these is made out correctly.
This one is from Jullundur. The others merely show the
numbers vaccinated, without stating the success obtained;
2,330 vaccinations were performed in these three cantonments,
thus : Umballa 1,455, Jullundur 842, and Siálkot 33.
The grand total of all operations performed in the
Punjab during the year 1876 is 4,05,950 at a cost of
Rs. 68,725-7-9, and for each successful case of anas 3 and a
fraction of a pie,
At the conclusion of the year the Provincial establish-
ment consisted of—
1 Superintendent General.
1 Superintendent.
1 Native Deputy Superintendent,
28 Native Superintendents.
123 Vaccinators.
2. MANDI.—In the month of April work was carried on
very successfully in the Hill State of Mandi at the request of
His Highness the Rájah, who has always encouraged vaccina-
tion, and after April and during the hot months in the Hill
States Cis-Sutlej.
3. SIMLA.—A greater number of people were attacked
with small-pox in Simla during this year than I have ever
3
before known. The patients admitted into the hospital came
from widely different parts—from Kángra, Ladákh, Simla hills,
the Punjab, and Bengal. With the exception of one boy of
about 11 years of age, all, as well as I could learn, were adults.
In the Simla Hill States there were comparatively many cases
spread over the whole of the States from Kanáwar, in Bisáhir,
close under the snowy range to those bordering the plains.
As before said, as well as I could learn, only adults were
attacked, and these had nearly all been inoculated when they
were children. In only a very few instances were there more
than two or three cases in any one village. It appeared as
though small-pox was in the air, seeking for convenient locali-
ties for appearing in force. Notwithstanding its wide spread
nature, it did not find such localities, and this I believe can
only be attributed to the careful manner in which the infant
population had of late years been protected by vaccination.
Had this not been the case, there would have been a great out-
break of the disease, accompanied by a large mortality, such as
used to happen in former days when vaccination was unknown
to the people. Several Rájahs and Ránas sent urgent requests
for vaccinators. Men and women, who had been either inocu-
lated or vaccinated, begged to be again operated on. At the
special requests of the Ránas of Dhami and Koti, they them-
selves were revaccinated, and their Ránís and all their house-
holds were either vaccinated or revaccinated, and operations
were performed throughout their States.
The territory of Bhajji was undertaken in the month of
October, the Rána rendering every assistance.
In November work was began again in the plains.
4. KAPURTHALA.—This State had been visited once before
about three years ago, and Dr. Warburton had since then
carried on vaccination. The people informed me that since my
previous visit there had not been any small-pox in the State,
and Dr. Warburton confirmed this statement. They, as a
rule, do not fear vaccination, and many certainly appreciate
it. The very great extent to which fever had prevailed in
the country among both children and adults, and the sickly
condition of the former, quite precluded a large proportion
being vaccinated. So great was the debility left after attacks
of it that frequently out of 100 children only some 8 or 10
were well enough to be operated on, and in many small villages
there were no children surviving. This was not the case in
Kapurthala only, but also in Jullundur and many other parts.
Dr. Warburton informed me that inoculation, which used
formerly to be much practised, had quite ceased since my
previous visit.
5. JULLUNDUR.—The members of the Municipal Com-
mittee of Nakodar, in the Jullundur district, deserve praise for
the ready help they gave the vaccinators. The people came
forward in numbers at once. The tahsíldár, Shib Diál, gave
little or no assistance; but the people of the tahsíl being
4
accustomed and favorable to vaccination, no trouble was expe-
rienced. In many places nothing could be done on account
of the great sickness and mortality. In the towns of Núrma¬
hal, Ráhon, and Nawashahr, the Municipal Committee gave no
help. It is very rare indeed to find any Municipal Committee
ready to give assistance. One or two members do so, but
that would probably be the case were they not members.
The Committees are lavish in their promises of giving aid, but
they do nothing; sometimes some of them purposely absent
themselves. It is because of its being so rare to meet with a
Committee who really will assist that I have specially
mentioned that of Nakodar.
In the districts where native superintendents, with their
staff of vaccinators, were placed, work went on fairly well, but
a less amount than usual was accomplished. A few complaints
have reached me against the conduct of the vaccinators. In
the Gujránwála district, where last year complaints had been
made (though nothing definite was alleged against the vacci-
nators), the District Superintendent Police informs me that
after enquiry and personal observation he believes vaccination
to be popular among the people.
6. Dr. J. Bennett, superintendent of vaccination, con-
ducted operations during the hot weather in the Murree hills
and in part of the Kashmír territory. His Highness the
Mahárájah had as a tentative measure allowed of vaccinations
being performed in the parts of his State adjoining the Hazárá
and Murree hills. Work was done here in so satisfactory a
manner, the people showing so little objection to it, that
permission was requested for its extension to other places.
This was at once granted. Dr. Bennett found everywhere
extensive traces of small-pox, both recent and old, and gives
as an example of its great severity the ravages it had com-
mitted in one out of many villages which he inspected. There
were only 50 houses in the village, and he found there 55
children under 6 years of age with recent marks of the disease
in various degrees of severity. Before leaving Kashmir he
vaccinated 11,817 people, 98.0 percent. of which operations
were successfully done. Considering that this is the first time
that vaccination has been introduced into the country, the
success obtained is very good, and Dr. Bennett deserves much
credit for the capable manner in which he conducted the work.
He trusts that the Government will in some suitable way
recognize the able and willing assistance given by the Kashmir
officials who were appointed by His Highness the Mahárájah
to arrange for the work, and whose names, &c., are given in
another place. Dr. Bennett also says :—"I would especially
bring forward the name of Díwán Mansa Rám, kotwál of
Muzaffarabad, as being highly deserving of reward. It was
mainly due to the intelligence, zeal, and well-directed efforts
of this individual that vaccination was at once received with
such favor by the people of the Muzaffarabad district, whereby
the ultimate success in other parts was in a great measure
5
secured." In the cold season Dr. Bennett worked in the
Ferozepore and Amritsar districts. In the Moga tahsíl of
Ferozepore great opposition was met with, and "probably half
the infantile population remain unvaccinated." In the Zíra
tahsíl very little opposition was offered, because of the interest
and assistance given by the tahsíldár. 9,384 vaccinations were
performed here, and had it not been for the great sickness
prevalent, many more would have been done. This number
is, however, 2,500 in excess of that done in Moga. In the
Amritsar tahsíl great opposition was met with, which was
unexpected, as usually a very fair amount of success was met
with. In the Tarn Táran tahsíl, however, work was carried on
successfully.
DISPENSARY, MUNICIPAL, &C., VACCINATIONS.
DELHI CITY.—The number of vaccinations performed
(4,583) show an increase of work compared with that of the
preceding year (4,134). Dr. Fairweather, Civil Surgeon, and
Assistant Surgeon Rádha Kishen, do their utmost to overcome
the prejudice against vaccination, which is still very strong in
the city. Over 2,200 Hindús were vaccinated against about
1,300 Muhammadans. About the same numbers of males and
females were operated on. Rádha Kishen states that "the
class most easily dealt with is that of the poorer people, after
which come the educated; and that the richer classes, both
Hindú and Musalmán, have great objections to being vacci-
nated." No complaints were made against the vaccinators.
UMBALLA TOWN.—The Hindú community here were as
much as ever opposed to vaccination. Only some 230 out of
930 operations performed during the year were among Hindús.
Since November Dr. Bateson appears to have been unable to
induce vaccinators to remain in their situations. They resigned
very shortly after being entertained. It was then proclaimed
in the city that vaccinations would be performed at the
dispensary, after which proclamation the Assistant Surgeon
says—"not a single case has been operated on up to date."
The difficulty about getting vaccinators seems to be that they
are entertained only temporarily, and not permanently.
Arrangements ought to be made for the permanent employment
of two vaccinators paid from town funds. A vaccinator was
entertained for the town of Jagádhri, who was paid from the
town funds, and a fair amount of work was done in the town.
RUPAR.—Nearly 1,500 more children were vaccinated
during this year than in the former year in this part of the
Umballa District. The greater number of operations were
performed during the three first months. In November and
December not much could be done on account of the great
sickness prevalent. Not much objection to vaccination is made
by the people, and a good many brought their children from
long distances of their own accord. Two vaccinators were
employed under the supervision of Assistant Surgeon Brij Lál
who deserves credit for the success he has gained.
6
LUDHIYANA—Two vaccinators were entertained and paid
by the Municipal Committee. Work could not be begun till
late in the season because of the great sickness. At the
Jagraon Branch Dispensary vaccination was wholly and
successfully carried out by Esfan Ali, the Hospital Assistant ;
the good work done by Esfan Ali has been frequently brought
to the notice of Government. Dr. Rouse, Civil Surgeon, in
each report states that "Esfan Ali deserves much credit for
the interest and care he takes in carrying out vaccination,
which is proved by the almòst total immunity of the town
from small-pox while the disease is terribly prevalent around."
I beg therefore to again bring forward Esfan Ali's name to
favorable notice.
JULLUNDUR TOWN.—Some work was done here during the
early months of the year, but during the latter part the sick-
ness and mortality were so very great that it was hopeless
attempting to do any, and the same was the case at Kartárpur
and at several towns.
FEROZEPORE TOWN.—But little work was done in the town
owing to the epidemic of fever. The extra vaccinators who
were employed in the district in the early months of the year,
were discharged and not replaced. Their work was found to
be unreliable, and the supervision of it inefficient.
AMRITSAR CITY.—There were 5,355 vaccinations performed
in this city, of which 5,009 were primary, with 3,920, or 89.35
per cent., successful, and 346 were revaccinations, with 90, or
32.96 per cent., successful. There were 4 vaccinators employed
by the Municipality, and the cost of vaccination in the town,
which was defrayed from its own funds, was Us. 254-15-2.
No report has been received from the Civil Surgeon. In
former years revaccinations were very few, some 5 only; this
year there were a large number.
LAHORE CITY.—The numbers vaccinated are fewer than
during the former year. The reason given for this is that
small-pox was rife during the early months, and that work
could not be rebegun till very late in November on account of
fever and cholera being prevalent in an epidemic form. With
regard to the first reason, I have always found that when
small-pox is present the people resort more readily to vac-
cination.
MOOLTAN CITY.—Vaccination continues to be most satis-
factory here, though the Viceroy's visit and the preparations
for the "Empress Day " occupied the whole attention of the
Municipal Committee for a considerable time. Dr. Penny,
Civil Surgeon, says "the children were brought with the
utmost willingness, and my predecessor's ( Dr. Gray) success
was most marked. A large number of old cases were
examined, and all had three good marks on each arm."
KOHAT.—Dr. Farrel, Civil Surgeon, states that on
account of the epidemic of small-pox in the Hangu valley,
where some 300 children are said to have died, vaccination
was more successful than formerly. The Khán of Hangu,
7
Muzaffar Khán, had the children of his family and of his rela-
tions vaccinated, and a number of other people then followed
his example. Over 360 children were vaccinated here. In
former years the number had never reached 50. The Shiah
sect of Muhammadans would not allow of any of their children
being vaccinated.
Inoculation is much practised in the
district. One of the vaccinators is a Hindú, and cannot speak
Pashtú, both serious drawbacks; a Pashtú-speaking Musal-
mán should be put in his place.
BANNU.—Here there were 4,463 primary vaccinations,
with 3,483, or 81.97 per cent., successful, and 578 revaccina¬
tions, with 420, or 77.50 per cent., successful. In the
subdivision of Miánwáli there were 820 vaccinations, with
95.38 per cent. successful.
DERA ISMAIL KHAN.—Vaccination continues to be popular
amongst the Hindús of the city, and with the Powindah and
Wazírí. Work was considerably delayed owing to the vac-
cinators having been employed to attend on cholera patients,
the disease being prevalent; 2,710 operations were performed.
DERA GHAZI KHAN.—The Civil Surgeon speaks desparag¬
ingly of the work done in former years, doubting the accuracy
of the results said to have been obtained. In one village he
visited, the children formerly vaccinated, had either very
bad marks left or none at all.
RAJANPUR.—The estreme apathy of the people here to
have their children vaccinated, noticed in former reports,
appears to be somewhat giving way. The Civil Surgeon
reports "no opposition is made. In some few instances they
have appeared anxious to have their children operated on."
SHAHPUR.—There is a decrease in the number of vaccina-
tions here, owing, it is said, to the endeavour to carry out arm-
to-arm vaccination, and to leave off altogether the use of
"crusts." There is no doubt but that arm-to-arm vaccination
produces by far more satisfactory results than any other
method, and that it should be encouraged. Two permanent
and eight extra vaccinators were employed. The latter were
chiefly Hakíms, or men who had formerly been inoculators.
On inspection of the work done it was found to be very good,
the people were taking to the arm-to-arm method, and
vaccination is becoming more popular in the district.
MUZAFFARGARH.—Work proceeded very well here. The
opposition is said to decrease gradually. Several native
gentlemen gave good assistance. Dr. Connor, in medical
charge, thinks there are very few unvaccinated children, except-
ing the very sickly and the very young.
HISSAR.—Dr. Cooper states " vaccination is general and
very popular in this district, both rich and poor appreciate
it." He inspected the work himself, and is satisfied of the
truthfulness of the returns.
GURGAON.—The Deputy Commissioner confirms the Civil
Surgeon's remarks that vaccination is growing in favor with
8
the rural population, but adds that this is not the case in
towns. He instances the town of Farukhnagar, where the
people are most prejudiced, and would have nothing to say to
vaccination, though he several times spoke to the leading men,
and endeavoured to get them to take an interest in it. It
does not appear that the Civil Surgeon tests the accuracy of
the returns by personal inspection, and the Deputy Commis-
sioner is correct in saying that he should make tours during
the vaccination season, in order to test the truthfulness of the
vaccinator's reports,
PESHAWAR.—Dr. Courtney satisfied himself by frequent
personal inspection that the work in the city was thoroughly
done. In 1875 over 600 persons died of small-pox in the
city. Dr. Courtney thinks that, except the very young children
and Hindus, few now remain unprotected. Several Native
gentlemen assisted the vaccinators.
Assistant Surgeon
Cheytan Shah conducted the work. Very little was done
during the latter part of the year on account of the prevalence
of small-pox.
BAHAWALPUR.—Vaccinations were performed here as in
former years by men paid by the Baháwalpur State.
PATIALA.—A regular establishment is kept up here, but
no returns are furnished.
This table will give at a glance a very good idea of the
effect produced by vaccination in repressing and diminishing
small-pox in those districts which have been visited by the
Punjab Provincial Establishment:—
DISTRICTS.
Delhi ...
Karnál ...
Umballa ...
Ludhiána ...
Jullundur ...
Hoshiárpur ...
Kángra ...
Gurdáspur ...
Amritsar ...
Lahore ...
Gujránwála ...
Siálkot ...
Gujrat ...
Jhelum ...
Rawalpindi ...
TOTAL ...
Populations.
6,08,850
6,10,927
10,08,860
5,83,245
7,83,020
9,38,890
7,43,758
9,06,126
8,32,750
7,75,551
5,50,576
9,94,458
6,16,347
5,00,988
6,99,647
1,11,53,993
Year when first
visited by establish¬
ment.
1867
1866
1866
1866
1866
1865
1865
1869
1865
1864
1869
1868
1873
1873
1867
...
Deaths from small-
pox during the 4
years ending 31st
December 1872.
5,059
3,650
3,655
5,972
6,335
5,097
377
6,445
10,422
8,079
1,795
3,870
4,972
5,639
2,397
73,764
Deaths from small-
pox during the 4
years ending 31st
December 1876.
1,306
4,995
6,136
1,930
1,355
1,113
303
2,319
3,419
2,856
368
1,736
2,247
344
1,209
31,636
9
The usual statements are appended, and a list of the
names of Native gentlemen and others who personally
encouraged vaccination is given, with a request that their good
services may be recognised in some manner by the Honorable
the Lieutenant Governor. The names of those who assisted
in the first three months of the year were entered in the last
reports.
Names of those who assisted and encouraged vaccination.
His Highness the Mahárájah of Kashmír.
Wazír Punnú, Governor of Kashmir.
Mián Mán Singh, Wazír Wazárat of Muzaffarabad.
Pandit Gobindji, do.
do.
of Anant Nág.
Pandit Rámji,
do.
do.
of Srinaggar.
Diwán Mansa Rám, Kotwál, Muzaffarabad.
Devi Dás, Wazír to Rána of Bhajji.
Durga, Zaildár or Kotwál Dharmsála.
Sadda Nand.
Sikandar Khán.
Members of Committee of Ráhon, Jullundur.
Esfan Ali, Hospital Assistant Jagraon, Ludhiána.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
A. M. GARDEN,
Supdt. General Vaccination, Punjab.
A.-VACCINE
Statement No. 1—showing particulars of Vaccination in each Circle of
1
Circle.
2
Name and rank of Superintendent.
3
NUMBER OF
NATIVE
SUPERIN¬
TENDENTS.
1875-76.
10
11
11
1
1
1876.
1
8
8
1
1
4
NUMBER OF
VACCINA¬
TORS.
1875-76.
37
41
45
4
4
1876.
4
32
32
4
5
5
TOTAL NUMBER
OF PERSONS
VACCINATED.
1875-76.
...
690
5,244
4,203
247
282
254
8,474
19,394
10,497
787
396
8,464
1,042
7,087
273
28,546
...
6,792
251
9,908
154
362
2,856
338
20,661
6,222
...
...
...
3,074
149
9,445
465
350
24
314
...
365
...
1,518
1876.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1,329
1,329
12,062
787
396
4,714
...
4,733
273
22,965
2,324
6,792
251
6,549
...
362
3,137
338
19,753
5,363
695
89
136
3,074
149
9,506
362
...
17
1,750
1,638
...
...
3,767
6
Collectorate, Political Agency or Native
States, in which vaccinations were
performed.
DELHI.
KARNAL.
UMBALLA.
LUDHIANA.
SI MLA.
7
Population of area included in last
column.
...
1,54,417
2,04,271
1,26,376
...
...
...
1,55,721
...
2,11,315
29,007
...
1,58,954
25,276
...
...
...
1,53,041
1,57,990
6,045
2,01,812
...
7,929
...
...
...
2,50,165
1,37,376
...
...
1,33,378
...
...
14,848
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8
Name of portion of District or of
Town.
Town Delhi ...
Suburbs Delhi ...
Tahsíl Delhi ...
Do. Balabgarh ...
Town
Do. ...
Do.
Faridabad ...
Do. Najafgarh ...
Tahsíl Sonepat ...
Total ...
Tahsíl Karnál ...
Town Do. ...
Do. Kunjpura ...
Tahsíl Pánipat ...
Town Do. ...
Tahsíl Kaithal ...
Town Pundri ...
Total ...
Tahsíl Umballa ...
Do. Kharar ...
Town Manimájra ...
Tahsíl Pipli ...
Town Ládwa ...
Do. Thánesar ...
Tahsíl Rupar ...
Town Do. ...
Total ...
Tahsíl Ludhiána ...
Do Samrála ...
Town Behlolpur ...
Do. Máchiwára ...
Tahsíl Jagraon ...
Town Raekot ...
Total ...
Town Simla ...
Tahsíl Barauli ...
Jatogh ...
Tahsíl Kotkhai ...
Do. Kotgarh ...
Dagshai ...
Sabáthú ...
Total ...
A.
Sex.
Males.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
648
648
5,957
422
210
2,417
... 1,938
122
11,066
1,242
3,664
145
3,144
...
167
1,678
168
10,208
2,928
388
42
77
1,699
74
5,208
196
...
3
631
888
...
...
1,718
Females.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
678
678
5,971
365
181
2,297
... 2,795
151
11,760
1,081
3,108
106
3,394
...
195
1,447
170
9,501
2,422
306
47
59
1,370
75
4,279
114
...
10
642
724
...
...
1,490
2