NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
[ 2 ]
Cold season of 1864-
65.
During the cold season of 1864-65 the districts of Lahore and
Umritsur were vaccinated by a staff consisting of 15 Native
Superintendents and 34 vaccinators.
During the hot months and rains part of the Kangra district, the
Chumba state and neighbourhood of Simla were visited.
Cold season of 1865-
66.
During the cold season of 1865-66 the district of Hoshiarpore,
Jullundhur, Loodiana and part of Umballa were visited.
Reorganization
of
Dispensary Estab-
lishment.
At the commencement of this cold season the Dispensary Es-
tablishment was re-organized, two vaccinators were now to be
attached permanently to each Dispensary to work in the cities and
villages near at hand, so that the Civil Surgeon could supervise
their work.
During the hot months, the hill states of Sirmoor and Nalagurh,
hills beyond Simla, were visited and vaccinators sent to Bishahir,
Kulu and the Kangra hills.
Cold season of 1866-
67.
During the cold season of 1866-67 the remainder of the Um-
balla district, Kurnal and Delhi were vaccinated.
During the hot months, in Murree and the surrounding vil-
lages and cooler parts of the Rawalpindee district were visited.
Cold season of 1867-
68.
During the cold season of 1867-68, the Rawalpindee and
Sealkote districts were vaccinated.
During the hot months, Chumba and Pangi as far as Tri-
lognath and villages bordering Lahoul and in Simla.
Cold season of 1868¬
69.
During the cold season of 1868-69 the remaining part of the
Sealkote district, Goojranwalla and part of Goordaspore were vac-
cinated.
In November 1868, the appointment of a Superintendent of
Vaccination was sanctioned and I was appointed to the post.
In the hot months of 1869 the Hills about Simla, Kulu and
Dhurmsala were visited.
Cold season of 1869-
70.
During the cold season of 1869-70 the Goordaspore district
was finished and the Jullundur and part of Loodiana were visited.
From the above it will be observed that during the six cold or
working seasons that the Punjab Vaccine Establishment has been
at work, twelve new districts have been vaccinated and one district
a second time, being an average of a little over two districts each
year.
These twelve districts have an area of 28,785 square miles,
and a population of 9,364,865.
At the same time a Native Superintendent and four or five
vaccinators under him, have been left in each of these districts to
vaccinate every year.
During the corresponding hot seasons, all the hill states inclu-
ding Spiti and Lahoul, and the Kangra district and Kulu have
been visited, some more than once.
During the hot sea-
son Dr Garden was
in charge.
6. From the 1st April to 19th of October, Dr. Garden, the
Superintendent General was in charge. As above stated he had to
proceed to England on medical certificate. In April he was carry-
ing on vaccine operations in the Simla Bazars.
The Keonthal State.
Dr. Garden states, that having sent a letter from the Commis-
sioner of Umballa to the Rajah of Keonthal regarding vaccinating
his son and also the Sirmoor Rajah's son who was living with him,
[ 5 ]
The practice in some
Regiments to vacci-
nate only in three
places.
17. I fear it is too commonly believed that it does not matter
much as to the number of vaccine vesicles produced, or that their
character greatly modifies the amount of protection afforded by the
operation.
From the inspection of the above children it was evident that
in some regiments it was the usual practice to vaccinate only on
one arm in not more than three places. I cannot too strongly ex-
press the fact that the protective power of vaccination is in direct
ratio to the number and quantity of the vesicles produced.
The protection affor-
ded by vaccination
is in direct ratio to
the number and
quality of the vac-
cine vesicles.
18. The following table taken from Dr. Seeton's hand-book
of vaccination will illustrate the last remark, as shewing the result of
nearly 5,000 cases of post-vaccinal Small Pox with the percentage
of deaths classified according to the character and number of the
vaccine marks:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Unvaccinated ... ... ... ... ...
Stated to have been vaccinated but having no cicatrix. ...
Vaccinated—
a.
b.
c.
d.
A.
B
Having one vaccine cicatrix ... ... ...
„
two
„
cicatrices ... ... ...
„ three „ „ ... ... ...
„
four or more „ ... ... ...
Having well marked cicatrices any number ...
Having badly marked cicatrices any number ...
Having previously had Small Pox. ... ...
Number of deaths
per cent.
35
23.57
7.73
4.70
1.95
0.55
2.52
8.82
19
This table is interesting, placed in comparison with the former
table shewing the number and character of the cicatrices on the
children in the Lawrence Memorial Asylum.
Children re-vaccina-
ted.
19. Most of the children were re-vaccinated who had bad
marks, but with imperfect result, it is usually the case that persons
badly vaccinated cannot be made to take it properly afterwards,
yet some day when exposed to the Small Pox contagion, they will
take the disease.
Made over charge to
Dr. Bennett and took
over charge from
Dr. Garden, in Oc-
tober.
20. Early in October I left Murree and made over charge at
Rawul Pindee to Dr. Bennett, who was appointed to Officiate as
Superintendent of Vaccination ; I then proceeded to Umballa, where
I took over charge on 19 th October, from Dr. Garden the Super-
intendent General.
Provincial
Estab-
lishment.
21. The Establishment of the Punjab Vaccine Department
during the season 1870-71, consisted as follows:
1 Superintendent General.
1 Superintendent.
26 Native Superintendents.
22 First class Vaccinators.
29 Second class
do.
43 Third class
do.
And four Chuprassees.
Districts visited dur-
ing the year.
22. The districts that have been visited this year by the
Provincial Establishment are Lahore, Loodiana, parts of Umballa
and Kangra, and the Native State of Nalagurh.
Numbers vaccinated
by the Provincial
Establishment.
23. The total number of persons vaccinated during the year
by the Provincial Establishment is 141,224 being a decrease of
43,090 on the work done in 1869-70.
Cause of decrease.
This decrease is owing to the fact that two of the most diffi-
cult districts in the Punjab to vaccinate have been visited by the
Provincial Establishment this year.
[ 17 ]
Percentage in Seal-
kote suspiciously
high.
On the other hand, in Sealkote the percentage of success is sus-
piciously high, 99.25.
With the greatest care both in the selection of the lymph and
the children to be operated on, and vaccinating solely from "arm
to arm," I have scarcely been able to obtain a percentage so high
as this, and when vaccinating a large number of children as in this
district (4476) I believe it to be impossible.
Re-vaccination.
With regard to re-vaccinations, it is probable that the meaning
has been misunderstood in some districts in spite of the foot-note
explaining this.
For in Mooltan the percentage of success in re-vaccinations is
93.75 in the city, and 100 in the suburbs. In Montgomery it is 100
per cent. In Rajanpore it is 86.95 and in Jhelum it is 84.31.
Municipal Vaccination.
Municipal Establish-
ment.
Eleven Vaccinators have been employed by the undermen-
tioned Municipalities and paid Rupees 654-12-8.
Number vaccinated.
They have vaccinated 9478 persons with a percentage of suc-
cess of 79.90, and at a cost of one anna five and a half-pies.
Dehli.—The Municipal Committee of Dehli entertained five
vaccinators at a cost of rupees 395-9-7 and were employed in the
city.
Gogaira.—The Municipal Committee entertained four vacci-
nators for four months at a cost of rupees 120, and were employed
in the district.
Bhewanee.—The Municipal Committee entertained one vacci-
nator throughout the year, at a cost of rupees 120, for this sub-
division of the Hissar district.
Shoojabad.—The Municipality entertained one vaccinator for a
little less than three months at a cost of rupees 19-3-1 for this sub-
division of the Mooltan district.
Local Funds.
Local Funds Estab-
lishment.
Twelve vaccinators have been employed and paid by Local
Funds, rupees 209-7-11. The Returns are incomplete. The Civil
Surgeon of Jhung included the work performed by two vaccinators
paid by Local Funds in his Dispensary Returns.
The Civil Surgeon of Gurgaon, has not sent a return showing
the amount paid by Local Funds to the four vaccinators entertained
at Gurgaon.
Goojerat.—Four vaccinators have been paid by Local Funds
rupees 97-7-11.
Jhung.—Two vaccinators have been paid by Local Funds
Rupees 80.
Hissar.—Two vaccinators were paid from Sanitary Funds
Rupees 32. These vaccinators have performed 3191 vaccinations
with a percentage of success of 64.02, and at a cost of two annas
seven and three-quarter pies.
Native States Estab-
lishment Bhawul-
pore.
Native States. The Bhawulpore State entertained four vacci-
nators at a cost of Rupees 250.
They vaccinated 2988 persons, with a percentage of success of
82.38 and at a cost of one anna nine and one-third pies.
[ 18 ]
Hakeems of Bhawul-
pore employed in
vaccinating.
In this state the Hakeems were employed in vaccination and
vaccinated 2968 persons with a percentage of success of 66.71.
Mundi. I have not heard whether the vaccinator entertained
by this State in 1869 has been employed during the present year.
The operations performed by these locally entertained vacci-
nators is shown in statement No. VI.
Conduct of Establish-
ment.
The establishment has behaved well on the whole, in one or
two instances carelessness has been detected, and one or two Native
Superintendents appear to have been lazy, but no serious fault has
occurred during the year, and no complaints have been received.
Numerical Returns.
The numerical Returns prescribed by Government are appended
to which I have added, Statement No. VI, shewing the particulars
of vaccination performed by Municipal and other vaccinators, No.
VII showing the total of all vaccine operations in the Punjab, and
No. VIII showing the deaths from small pox in each district during
each month of the year 1870.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
ISAAC NEWTON,
Offg. Superintendent General, Vaccination,
[ 24 ]
operations.
of Lahore and Mian Mir Cantonment) from 1st November to 31st March is
shewn in the subjoined table:—
No. 1.
PRIMARY VACCINATION.
Season.
1870-71
Number of Vaccina-
tors.
21
Successful.
25,514
Unsuccessful includ-
ing those doubtful.
776
Unknown.
1022
Total.
27,312
Percentage of success-
ful cases excluding
those unknown.
97.04
REVACCINATION.
Successful.
116
Unsuccessful.
101
Unknown.
24
Total.
241
Percentage of suc-
cessful cases.
53.4
Total of all operations.
27,553
Average number of opera-
tions by each man per
mensem.
262
The total number of operations for each month may be shewn as
follows:—
November,
December,
January,
February,
March,
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
TOTAL,
...
...
...
...
...
...
1428
3543
8076
9772
4784
27,553
Revaccination.
18. Revaccination. As may be seen from the above table, revaccina-
tion has not been carried on to a large extent, having been practised only
on those children who were said to have been previously vaccinated, or had
already had small pox, but in whom the marks were indistinct or wanting.
In 53 per cent some result from the performance of the operation was pro-
duced, and, although returned by the Vaccinators as successful, the true
umbilicated vesicle was rarely seen. I saw only one case, that of an adult with
obscure marks of vaccination, in which the genuine Vaccine vesicle was
produced; the local effects were unusually severe, and attended for a short
period with considerable constitutional irritation.
19. Inspection of work. The work of the vaccinators was usually
examined on the seventh or eighth day after the date of operation, and the
results tested by comparing the village register left with the Lumberdar,
and the vaccinators own return of operations in that particular village, with
the number of children brought for inspection.
Abstract of the num-
ber of vesicles pro-
duced on each child.
During the first two months of the season, I noted down 729 cases that
had been vaccinated by single puncture in six spots each—three on each
arm; in 558 from four to six vesicles were developed, in 27 three vesicles,
in 18 two vesicles, and in 20 one vesicle. The remaining 106 cases com-
posed of those that had already had small pox or been previously vaccinat-
ed, failed or were doubtful. In my subsequent notes I was more careful
[ 25 ]
in separating the unsuccessful cases of primary vaccinations from those of
revaccination, and the result is shewn in the subjoined Table :—
No. II.
PRIMARY VACCINATIONS.
Vaccinated in 6 places of which there were
successful.
From
4 to 6
5,998
3
291
2
151
1
95
Failed or
doubtful.
102
REVACCINATIONS.
Successful.
35
Unsuccessful
including those
doubtful.
86
TOTAL of
all cases inspected.
6,758
This table shews a percentage of success in primary vaccinations at
98.4, which compared with that calculated from the vaccinators' monthly
returns, (97.04) gives an increase of 1.04 per cent in favour of the former.
It may therefore be inferred that they have not overstated the number of
their successful cases.
In the revaccination cases inspected, the percentage of success was only
29.89, being a decrease of about 23 per cent from that given in Table No I
compiled from the vaccinators' monthly Returns. This discrepancy is to be
accounted for by the vaccinators having for some time been in the habit of
putting down as successful cases in which the slightest local effect was
produced from the operation, and which ought to have been included with
the unsuccessful.
20. Conduct of Establishment.—The behaviour of the vaccinators as a
body has been very good. Only one complaint of two of them having taken
bribes was received, but on making a careful inquiry into the matter, no
trustworthy evidence as to their guilt could be adduced. One Native Super-
intendent was fined for negligence and working with an inferior quality of
lymph.
I have to report most favourably on Native Superintendents Imam-
odeen, Ram Rattan, and Niyazally Shah, who have worked exceedingly
well and never given me reason to find fault with them in any way.
Names of Zaildars
who rendered assis-
tance.
21. In conclusion I would beg to record the names of the undermen-
tioned Zaildars of the District of Lahore, in the hope that they may
receive some reward or encouragement for the interest they took in the
work, and the efficient assistance they rendered in persuading the people to
have their children vaccinated :—
Eesa, Zaildar of Nankana; Babul, Zaildar of Natha; Balak, Zaildar of
Bhoochokey; Tek Sing, Zaildar of Chunian; Rassawa Sing, Zaildar of Kul;
Kharram Sing, son of Attar Sing, Zaildar of Shajaira; Sirdar Alley, Zaildar
of Bedeean.
I have the honor to be
SIR,
Your most obedient servant,
JOHN BENNETT, M. D.,
Offg. Superintendent Vaccine, Punjab.
A. VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT No. II showing the Monthly nnmber and results of the Vaccinations perform-
ed in the Punjab during the Year 1870.—71.
1
MONTHS.
April, ... ... ... ...
May, ... ... ... ...
June, ... ... ... ...
July, ... ... ... ...
August, ... ... ...
September,
..
...
October, ... ... ...
November, ... ... ...
December, ... ... ...
January, ... ... ...
February, ... ... ...
March, ... ... ...
2
Districts in which
operations were chief-
ly conducted in each
month.
PUNJAB.
TOTAL, ... ... ...
3
Total number Vac-
cinated.
7,493
2,409
725
227
160
330
497
12,602
20,293
34,121
36,324
26,043
141,224
4
RESULTS.
Successful.
6,993
2,021
674
200
143
275
449
11,667
18,834
32,137
34,179
23,656
131228
Unsuccesful in-
cluding doubtful
228
100
28
19
15
30
24
412
482
848
886
740
3,812
Unknown.
56
33
3
3
„
3
7
278
779
749
907
467
3,285
5
Total of Primary
Vaccinations.
7,277
2,154
705
222
158
308
480
12,357
20,095
33,734
35,972
24,863
138,325
6
Average percentage
successful
excluding
those unknown.
96.84
95.28
96.07
91.32
90.50
90.16
99.57
96.58
98.54
97.42
97.47
96.96
97.10
A. VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT No. III. Showing expenditure of Vaccine Department in Punjab, during the
year 1870-71.
1
A. PAID BY GOVERNMENT
1 Supdt. Genl.
{
Salary at { 1,050
816
} per mensum
{
Office Establishment at Rs. 65 per mensum
2 Chuprassies at Rs. 5 each ... ...
Travelling expenses ... ...
Contingencies ... ... ...
Total,
1 Superintendent, salary at { 600
496
} per mens. {
Travelling allowances ... ... ...
Contingencies ... ... ... ...
26
22
29
43
2
Native Supdts at Rs. 40 per mensem ...
Vaccinators at Rs. 15 per mensem ...
Vaccinators at Rs. 12 per mensem ...
Vaccinators at Rs 10 per mensem ...
Chuprassies at Rs. 5 each ... ...
}
Total,
Total paid by Government,
„
B. PAID BY MUNICIPALITIES
5
4
1
1
Vaccinators, at Delhi ... ...
Do.
at Gugaira at Rs. 10 each
Do.
at Bhewanee at Rs. 10 each
Do.
at Shoojabad at Rs. 7 each
Total paid by Municipalities
C. PAID BY LOCAL FUNDS
4
2
2
4
Vaccinators, at Goojerat ... ...
Do. at Hissar at Rs. 8 each per mens.
Do. at Jhung at Rs. 10 each per mens
Do. at Gurgaon ... ...
Total paid by Local Funds,
„
D. PAID BY NATIVE CHIEFS OR LAND LORDS.
4 Vaccinators paid by the Bhawulpore State
Total paid by Native Chiefs or Land-lords
„ Grand total...
2
Sanctioned.
Rs.
12,600
780
120
2,200
1,300
17,000
7,200
2,200
680
37,320
47,400
64,400
120
120
19
259
97
32
80
209
64,868
As.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
3
3
7
„
„
†
7
11
P.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
1
1
11
„
„
11
0
3
Expended.
Rs.
11,056
720
120
2,176
1,141
15,215
5,811
2,332
153
10 827
3.465
3.531
3.797
120
30,039
45,255
395
120
120
19
654
97
32
80
209
250
250
46,369
As.
10
15
„
13
7
15
„
15
12
5
6
8
3
„
1
1
9
„
„
3
12
7
„
„
†
7
„
„
5
P.
6
5
„
6
11
4
„
0
2
0
3
3
1
„
9
1
7
„
„
1
8
11
„
„
11
„
„
8
4
Total No. Vacci-
nated.
1,41,224
1,41,224
3,181
4,891
1,057
349
9,478
1,507
534
*
1.150
3,191
2,988
2,988
1,56,881
5
Percentage of suc-
cess excluding those
unknown from the
Total.
97.10
97.10
94.84
73.87
59.69
86. 8
79.90
96.51
48.34
„
43.37
64.02
82.38
82.38
91.07
6
Cost of e a c h suc-
cessful case.
5 annas 5.60 pies
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
3
1
1
1
2
5.60
1.61
6.81
8.13
2.23
5.57
1.25
2.40
„
„
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
5
7.74
9.35
9.35
1.16
7
Taking the grand
* The numbers vaccinated by these Vaccinators are included in the Dispensary Return.
† No information received from the Civil Surgeon.
A. VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT
No. IV. showing results of the year 1870.—71, as compared with those
of each of the previous five years in the Punjab.
1
Year.
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870-71
2
Total No. of persons
vaccinated.
50,399
133,045
162,100
134,820
168,970
180,368
1,41224
3
No. successful.
46,538
123,536
151,244
1,26,402
159,704
169,537
1,31,228
4
Ratio percent successful, ex-
cluding those "unknown" from
the total.
90.7
92.8
94.74
95.01
95.94
96.04
97.10
5
NO. OF VACCINATORS.
A.
Paid by State.
49
79
100
104
107
112
120
B.
Paid from other
sources.
Not Known.
„
„
„
25
27
C.
Total.
49
79
100
104
107
136
147
D.
No. previously em-
ployed as inoculators,
or native practition-
ers.
None.
„
„
„
„
„
„
6
Cost of whole Vaccine esta-
blishment.
Not Known.
29735-4-11
34680-13-1
36,785-11-7
44149-10-4
39450-0-6
7
Cost of travelling allowances
and contingencies.
Not Known.
3463-0-5
2745-5-4
3133-6-5
3945-12-1
5805-0-7
8
Total cost.
Not Known.
33198-5-4
37,426-2-5
40,266-0-0
48,095-6-5
45255-1-1
9
Cost of each successful case.
Not Known.
3 Annas 6.14 Pie
4 Annas 8 Pie
4 Annas
4½ Annas
0-5-5 00
STATEMENT
No. VI. Showing particulars of Vaccination performed by Vaccinators paid by Municipal Committee, Local Funds, Native Chiefs &c. in the Punjab
during the year 1870-71.
1
Number of
Vaccinators.
5
4
1
1
4
4
2
4
25*
2
From
what sources
paid.
Municipality, ... ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
Local Funds,... ...
Do.
Sanitary Funds, ...
Native state, .. ...
Do.
Do.
3
District Town
or Native State for
which the Vaccinators
are provided.
Town of Delhi,... ...
Gugaira,... ... ...
Bhewanee,
... ...
(Hissar District)
Soojabad. ... ...
(Mooltan)
Goojrat,... ... ...
Goorgaon,
... ..
Hissar, ... ... ...
Mundi,
... ... ...
Bhawulpore, ... ...
Do by twenty Native
Hakeems,
... ...
TOTALS, ... ...
4
PRIMARY VACCINATIONS.
Sex.
Males.
1684
3134
600
186
770
706
400
Females.
1494
1757
407
162
737
444
134
Caste.
Christian.
18
...
...
...
2
...
...
Hindoo.
1317
...
519
115
188
...
383
Mussel-
man.
979
...
181
209
1253
...
151
Other
Castes.
867
...
306
24
64
...
...
Age.
Under
1.
year.
1732
...
403
71
937
...
151
above
1
year.
1449
...
604
277
570
...
383
No Returns received.
...
...
7480
...
...
5135
...
...
20
...
...
2522
...
...
2773
...
...
1261
...
...
3294
...
...
3283
Results.
Success -
ful.
2965
3377
502
258
1411
498
234
2105
1297
12647
Unsuc-
cessful
161
1194
339
41
51
652
250
449
647
3784
Un-
known.
55
320
166
49
45
...
50
177
303
1165
TOTAL,... ...
3181
4891
1007
348
1507
1150
534
2731
2247
17596
5
REVACCINATIONS.
Successful.
...
...
20
1
...
...
...
143
304
468
Unsuccessful.
...
...
17
...
...
...
...
90
253
360
Unknown.
...
...
13
...
...
...
...
24
164
201
TOTAL, ... ...
...
...
50
1
...
...
...
257
721
1029
6
Percentage
of successful
cases.
In
Primary
Vaccin.
94.84
73.87
59.69
86.28
96.51
43.37
48.34
82.38
66.71
76.97
In
secondary
Vaccin.
...
...
54.05
100
...
...
...
61.37
54.57
56.52
7
Average number of
persons vaccinated
by each Vaccinator.
636.2
1222.75
1057
349
376.75
267
287.5
747.
148.4
716.34
* Two Vaccinators employed at Jhung entered in Dispensary Return.
STATEMENT No. VII. Showing the total of all Vaccine operations performed in the Province of the Punjab during the year 1870.—71.
Punjab Vaccine Establishment,
Dispensary Establishment, ...
Municipal & other Vaccinators.
Population and area of
Punjab.
17,481,189
102,001 Square Miles.
Number of Vaccina-
tors
120
56
26
202
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
Primary
Vaccination.
138,325
59,569
17,596
215,490
Secondary
Vaccination.
2,899
2,031
1,029
5,959
Percentage of successful cases
excluding those unknown
from the total.
Primary
Vaccination.
97.10
81.03
76.97
85.03
Secondary
Vaccination.
4725
75.88
56.52
59.88
Average number of
persons vaccinated
by each Vaccina-
tor.
1,176.86
1,100.0
716.34
1,090.88
Cost of each
successful case.
ANS.
5
1
1
4
PIE.
5
11.78
5.22
4.08
60
TOTAL.
Deaths from
Small Pox.
26,579
REPORT
ON
VACCINE OPERATIONS
IN THE
PANJAB,
DURING THE SEASON 1871-72.
BY
SURGEON ISAAC NEWTON, M. R. C. S., LONDON,
Officiating Superintendent- General of Vaccination for the Panjáb.
LAHORE:
PRINTED AT THE CENTRAL JAIL PRESS.
1872.