NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
248
Internal Body Temperature in Goals
Some of the factors influencing the internal body tem-
perature
Exercise. (a) 10 minutes walk raised the tem-
perature in a goat by 0.4ºF.
(b) 5 minutes run raised it by 0.4ºF.
(c) The same goat when again made to run at a
good speed for another 5 minutes, recorded a still
further rise in temperature, at an average of 0.3ºF.
Excitement. When the temperature was taken
in a goat after every 3 minutes, it was found that it
rose by 0.8ºF. to 1.2ºF. in a short time (15 minutes
to 20 minutes) and then remained stationary.
Rectal and vaginal temperatures
No difference was found between rectal and
vaginal temperatures. In some cases, the rectal
temperature was taken before the vaginal tempera-
ture while in others the vaginal temperature
before the former.
Seasonal variations
The external atmospheric temperature has a well
marked influence on the body temperature. It is
comparatively higher in the hot weather than in the
cold weather as shown below :—
Month
January . .
February . .
March . .
April . .
May . .
June . .
Morning
average
tempera-
ture
99.87ºF.
100.14ºF.
100.37ºF.
101.02ºF.
101.05ºF.
101.33ºF.
Month
July . .
August .
September .
October .
November .
December .
Morning
average
tempera-
ture
101.60ºF.
101.30ºF.
101.16ºF.
100.77ºF.
100.60ºF.
100.48ºF.
It is thus apparent from the above table that the
range of the morning temperature is the lowest in
the month of January and highest in the month of
July.
The graph (Fig. 1) will illustrate the relation
between the body and the atmospheric tempera-
ture.
Fig. 1. Relation between the body and the atmospheric
temperature
SUMMARY
1. The morning internal temperature of 366
goats and the evening internal temperature of 230
goats was recorded and it was found that the
average morning temperature in a healthy goat
ranges between 100.0ºF. and 102.0ºF. and the even-
ing temperature between 101.0ºF. and 103.0ºF.
2. Moderate exercise raised the temperature by
about 0.4ºF., but excitement had more pro-
nounced effect and raised it by 1.2ºF.
3. There was no difference between the te mpera-
tures registered per rectum and per vulvum.
4. The external atmospheric temperature had a
well marked influence on the body temperature.
REFERENCES
Malkmus (1937). Clinical Diagnosis of the Domestic
Animals, Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London, 74
Wooldridge, G. H. (1934). Encyclopaedia of Veterinary
Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics Henry Frowde and
Hodder & Stoughton, London 1, 6
HAMID
KHAN
251
REFERENCES
American Public Health Association (1936). Standard
Methods for Examination of water and sewage. Ed. 8th
New York.
Chopra, B. (1926). Journ. Proc. As. Soc. Bengal (N. S.)
22, 203-10
Day, F. (1878). Journ. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.) 13,
198-215 (Original not seen)
Kemmerer, G., Bovard, J. F. and Boorman, W. R. (1924).
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish, 39, 51-140
Khan, H. (1940). Indian. J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb.
10, 372-81
Powers, E. B. (1938). Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 67,
271-81
Pruthi, H. S. (1932). Revue Hydrobiol. Hydrographic
26, 242-57
Sewell, R. B. S. (1927). Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 22,
177-201
Stocks, H. B. (1932). Water analysis for Sanitary and
Technical purposes, London, 37-42
The Maynard Ganga Ram Prize
APPLICATIONS are invited for the award of the
Maynard Ganga Ram Prize of Rs. 3,000 for
a discovery or an invention or a new practical
method which will tend to increase agricultural
production in the Punjab on a paying basis. The
Prize is open to all, irrespective of caste, creed or
nationality and Government servants are also
eligible for it. Essays and theses are not accepted.
The prize will be awarded for something practi-
cally achieved as a result of work done after the
prize was founded in 1925. Competitors in their
applications must give a clear account of the
history of their invention or discovery and must
produce clear evidence that it is the result of
their own work. In the case of an improved
crop details of parentage, evolution and history
and a botanical description are necessary.
The Managing Committee reserves to itself the
right of withholding or postponing the prize if no
satisfactory achievement is reported to it, or to
reduce the amount of the prize or to divide it if
the quality of the entries justify this decision.
Entries should reach the Director of Agricul-
ture, Punjab, Lahore, not later than 31 December
1945.
GIPD—S1—232 IC of AR—3-4-44—520.
255
CONTENTS
(VOL. XIII, PART III)
September 1943
The Editorial Committee of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, India, takes no
responsibility for the opinions expressed in this Journal
Original articles
TREE LEAVES AS CATTLE FODDER, I. THE SEASONAL VARIA-
TION IN THE COMPOSITION OF SOME EDIBLE TREE LEAVES
(WITH TWO TEXT-FIGURES)
TREE LEAVES AS CATTLE FODDER, II. DIGESTIBILITY COEFFI-
CIENT AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SOME TREE LEAVES
GREEN BERSEEM AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CONCENTRATES FOR
ECONOMIC FEEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF PROTEINS FOR CHICKENS
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND VITAMIN-A POTENCY OF
Cow's MILK AND BUTTER FAT UNDER INTENSIVE GREEN
FEEDING AND THE CAROTENE METABOLISM OF DAIRY
ANIMALS
OBSERVATIONS ON A CONTAGIOUS KERATITIS OF INDIAN
SHEEP (WITH PLATE XVII)
PHOSPHORUS IN MILK, AND THE PHOSPHORUS PORTION IN
THE MILK OF COW, GOAT, SHEEP AND HUMAN BEINGS
PHOSPHORUS IN MILK, II. AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS OF
THE MILK OF COW, GOAT AND BUFFALO
SKRJABINEMA OVIS (SKRJABIN, 1915) WERESCHTSCHAGIN, 1925,
AN OXYURID PARASITE OF THE GOAT (CAPRA HIRCUS) IN
INDIA
REUTILIZATION OF USED AGAR MEDIA, I
ON THE PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF SEA-WATER IN THE
TREATMENT OF CANINE MANGE—SARCOPTIC AND FOLLICU-
LAR (WITH PLATE XVIII)
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE INTERNAL BODY TEMPERATURE
IN GOATS (WITH ONE TEXT-FIGURE)
ON CERTAIN INSTANCES OF FISH MORTALITY IN TANKS AND
PONDS IN THE PUNJAB
S. A. Momin and S. C.
Ray
Chet Ram and S. C. Ray .
N. C. Das Gupta . .
A. J. Macdonald . .
B. C. Ray Sarkar and K.
C. Sen
P. N. Nanda and M.
Abdussalam
K.P. Basu and K.P.
Mukherjee
K. P. Basu and K. P.
Mukherjee
S. N. Vaidyanathan .
E. V. Seshacharyulu and
Zal R. Kothavalla
K. Venkatachalam, A. N.
Ratnagiriswaran, M. R.
Subrarnania Sastry, R.
Ramaswamy and C. K.
Velayudhan Nayar
M. Nazir Sadiq
.
.
Hamid Khan . . .
Research note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PAGE
183
191
196
214
219
228
231
236
240
241
244
247
249
252
253
NARAIN DAS KEHAR, R. MUKHERJEE & K. C. SEN 259
TABLE I
Daily urinary nitrogen excretion of hybrid bullocks
on low-nitrogen and nitrogen-free rations
Ration
Low-N No. 2
Do.
.
Do.
.
N-free .
Do.
.
Do. .
N con-
tent
of diet
per
cent
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.02
0.02
0.02
Date
of
collec-
tion
25-6-41
to
6-7-41
Do.
Do.
8-7-41
to
12-7-41
Do.
Do.
Animal
No.
1
5
6
1
5
6
Body
weight
kg.
257
282
241
256
269
240
Urinary N
Total
gm.
5.92
5.65
6.02
4.60
5.12
5.29
Per kg.
body
weight
gm.
0.023
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.019
0.022
TABLE II
Daily urinary nitrogen excretion of Hariana bullocks
on low-nitrogen and nitrogen-free rations
Ration
Low-N No. 1
and 2,
Do.
.
Do.
.
N-free .
Do.
.
Do.
.
N con-
tent
of diet
per
cent
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.02
0.02
0.02
Date
of
collec-
tion
6-11-41
to
13-11-41
Do.
Do.
15-11-41
to
22-11-41
Do.
Do.
Animal
No.
10
11
13
10
11
13
Body
weight
kg.
535
421
397
532
410
370
Urinary N
Total
gm.
10.69
8.84
7.95
9.57
9.03
6.67
Per kg.
body
weight
gm.
0.020
0.021
0.020
0.018
0.022
0.018
TABLE III
Daily variation in the urinary volume and nitrogen excretion on low-nitrogen and nitrogen-free diets
No. of animal
Period
Low-N
.
Average .
N-free
.
Average .
Date
6-11-41
7-11-41
8-11-41
9-11-41
10-11-41
11-11-41
12-11-41
13-11-41
...
15-11-41
16-11-41
17-11-41
18-11-41
19-11-41
20-11-41
21-11-41
22-11-41
...
No. 10
Amount
of urine
excreted
in 24
hours
c.c.
2380
1750
1930
2144
2057
3341
2982
3659
...
5959
4647
4047
3664
2656
2010
1787
1296
...
Total
nitrogen
excreted
gm.
10.33
11.55
11.27
11.79
9.38
10.76
9.96
10.47
...
12.39
11.04
10.02
9.08
8.87
8.93
9.19
7.01
...
Nitrogen
excreted
per kg.
body
weight
gm.
0.019
0.021
0.020
0.021
0.018
0.020
9.019
0.020
0.020
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.013
0.018
No. 11
Amount
of urine
excreted
in 24
hours
c.c.
7106
3502
2645
2868
4091
C430
4878
6430
...
8327
4244
8069
2434
3249
2503
4585
4951
...
Total
nitrogen
excreted
gm.
8.95
8.69
9.26
9.58
9.41
9.78
7.90
7.14
...
5.85
8.82
8.36
9.13
9.72
8.59
11.71
10.15
...
Nitrogen
excreted
per kg.
body
weight
gm.
0.021
0.020
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.023
0.019
0.018
0.021
0.014
0.022
0.021
0.023
0.024
0.021
0.029
0.025
0.022
No. 13
Amount
of urine
excreted
in 24
hours
c.c.
10270
4627
1688
868
1341
2427
2718
18420
...
6595
3127
1934
12380
9797
2916
2074
2769
...
Total
nitrogen
excreted
gm.
10.68
7.68
7.77
5.52
6.46
7.62
6.85
11.05
...
6.23
6.72
5.94
9.54
7.62
5.07
7.01
5.23
...
Nitrogen
excreted
per kg.
body
weight
gm.
0.025
0.019
0.019
0.014
0.018
0.019
0.017
0.027
0.020
0.016
0.017
0.021
0.024
0.020
0.013
0.018
0.014
0.018
260
Studies on Protein Metabolism, I
TABLE IV
Urinary nitrogen, sulphur and partition products during low-nitrogen and nitrogen-free periods
Period and date
Low-N
28-6-41 to
30-6-41
.
.
.
.
N-free
8-7-41 to 12-7-41
.
.
.
.
Low-N
28-6-41 to 30-8-41
.
.
.
.
N-free
8-7-41 to 12-7-41
.
.
.
.
Low-N
28-6-41 to 30-6-41
.
.
.
.
N-free
8-7-41 to 12-7-41
.
.
.
.
Low-N
6-11-41 to 13-11-41
.
.
.
.
N-free
15-11-41 to 22-11-41
.
.
.
.
Low-N
6-11-41 to 13-11-41
.
.
.
.
N-free
15-11-41 to 22-11-41
.
.
.
.
Low-N
6-11-41 to 13-11-41 . . . . .
N-free
15-11-41 to 22-11-41
.
.
.
.
Total N in urine
Urea N
gm.
Ammonia N
gm.
Creatinine N
gm.
Creatine N
gm.
Total S
gm.
S: N
1:
Neutral S
gm.
Neutral S : N
I:
Urea N as per cent of
Total N
Creatinine N as per cent
of Total N
Hybrid bullock No. 1
5.45
4.60
5.06
5.12
0.49
..
0.38
..
1.25
0.53
0.87
0.83
1.66
1.44
..
..
0.331
0.274
16.5
16.8
Hybrid bullock No. 5
1.91
1.79
..
..
0.342
0.331
14.8
15.5
..
0.180
..
0.216
..
25.6
..
23.7
90
..
7.5
..
30.5
31.3
37.8
35.0
Hybrid bullock No. 6
5.45
5.28
10.69
9.57
8.84
9.03
7.95
6.67
0.46
..
0.65
0.26
1.05
0.60
0.59
0.27
0.67
0.84
..
..
0.05
..
0.01
..
1.70
1.64
..
..
0.503
0.381
10.8
139
Hariana bullock No. 10
3.07
3.79
0.08
0.05
0.608
0.438
17.6
21.8
Hariana bullock No. 11
2.56
2.75
0.07
0.04
0.631
0.559
14.0
16.2
Hariana bullock No. 13
1.98
2.31
0.04
0.02
0.826
0.522
9.6
12.8
0.235
0.266
..
0.303
..
0.449
..
0.385
23.2
19.8
..
31.6
..
20.1
..
17.3
8.4
..
6.1
2.7
11.9
6.6
7.4
4.0
31.2
31.1
28.7
39.6
29.0
30.5
24.9
34.6
264
Studies on Protein Metabolism, II
TABLE I
Effect of muscular work on total urinary nitrogen and partition products
Period
Pre-work . . .
Work . . .
Post-work . . .
Pre-work . . .
Work . . .
Post-work . . .
Date
Volume of
urine
c.c.
Total N
gm.
Urea N
gm.
Ammonia N
gm.
Creatinine
N gm.
Creatine N
gm.
Creatinine N
as per
cent of total
N
Hariana Bulock No. 1
14-11-41
15-11-41
16-11-41
17-11-41
18-11-41
19-11-41
20-11-41
21-11-41
22-11-41
W.
R.
Total .
23-11-41
W.
R.
Total .
24-11-41
25-11-41
8327
4244
8069
2434
3249
2503
4585
4951
1260
1524
2784
610
1174
1784
1365
4355
5.85
8.82
8.36
9.13
9.72
8.59
11.71
10.15
2.73
5.33
8.06
2.63
5.42
8.04
7.28
8.49
0.50
0.38
0.97
0.37
0.47
0.40
0.87
0.84
0.28
0.23
0.51
0.85
0.14
1.00
0.25
0.26
Nil
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
1.60
2.95
2.80
2.66
3.10
3.33
2.97
2.55
0.64
1.59
2.23
0.73
1.56
2.29
2.28
2.82
0.07
0.10
Nil.
0.02
0.12
Nil.
Nil.
0.04
0.05
Nil.
0.05
0.01
0.04
0.04
Nil.
Nil.
27.4
33.4
33.5
29.1
31.9
38.8
25.4
25.1
23.3
29.9
Av.26.6
27.7
28.8
Av. 28.3
31.3
32.5
Hariana Bullock No. 2
14-11-41
15-11-41
16-11-41
17-11-41
18-11-41
19-11-41
20-11-41
21-11-41
22-11-41
W.
R.
Total .
23-11-41
W.
R.
Total .
*24-11-41
5959
4647
4047
3664
2656
2010
1787
1296
725
686
1411
630
422
1052
4887
12.39
11.04
10.02
9.08
8.87
8.93
9.19
7.01
4.63
3.98
8.60
4.63
2.39
7.01
13.13
0.42
0.37
0.26
0.26
0.35
0.30
0.18
0.17
0.12
0.08
0.21
0.09
0.15
0.24
1.37
Nil.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
0.05
4.91
4.02
4.02
3.64
3.41
3.56
4.84
1.91
2.12
1.87
3.99
2.13
1.56
3.69
3.83
0.07
0.10
Nil.
0.05
0.12
Nil.
Nil.
..
0.11
0.07
0.18
0.05
0.12
0.17
0.50
39.6
36.4
40.1
40.1
38.4
39.9
52.6
27.3
45.8
46.9
Av. 46.4
46.0
65.3
Av. 55.7
29.2
*The animal suffered from tympany and refused food
W and R represent work and rest respectively, i.e. 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and 8 p.m. to 8 a.m.
post-work period of bullocks 2, 3 and 5, which re-
fused food). Fluctuations in the ratio were, how-
ever, observed in different periods and from day to
day. Similar variations were observed in the case
of animals at rest by Hart et al. [1912] in growing
heifers and by McCollum and Hoagland [1913]
in pigs.
The sulphur figures in Table II indicate that the
S/N ratio of bullocks 3 and 4 remained nearly
constant during the pre-work and work periods.
Similarly there was no appreciable increase in the
excretion of total sulphate and neutral sulphur
during the work period. The data for sulphur for
the post-work period are of little value, as they are
vitiated due to the refusal of food by one animal
NARAIN DAS KEHAR, R. MUKHERJEE V. V. S. MURTY & K. C. SEN 265
and the administration of MgSO 4 to the other.
Nevertheless, as it is generally accepted that sul-
phur is eliminated earlier than nitrogen when break-
down of body protein takes place [Wilson 1933,
1934], the sulphur figures for the pre-work and work
periods may be considered sufficient for the present
purpose. It may, therefore, be concluded from the
data presented in Tables I, II and III that mus-
cular work does not cause an appreciable increase
in the endogenous protein catabolism of working
bullocks when sufficient energy is supplied in their
diet.
TABLE II
Effect of muscular work on total urinary nitrogen, sulphur and partition products
Period
Pre-work .
Work . .
Post-work . .
Pre-work .
Work . .
Post-work . .
Date
Volume
of urine
c.c.
Total
N
gm.
Urea
N
gm.
Ammo-
nia N
gm.
Creati-
nine N
gm.
Creatine
N
gm.
Creati-
nine N
as per
cent of
total N
Total
S
gm.
Total
sulphate
gm.
S:N
1:
Neutral
S:N
1:
Hariana Bullock No. 3
29-11-41
30-11-41
1-12-41
2-12-41
3-12-41
4-12-41
*5-12-41
3344
4042
2850
2495
1940
684
1152
6.91
8.80
5.96
7.70
8.61
9.37
16.87
0.27
0.40
0.23
..
0.27
0.14
0.46
Nil
„
„
„
„
„
„
2.35
2.66
1.81
2.19
2.70
2.21
2.32
Nil
0.02
Nil.
0.03
Nil
0.02
0.03
34.0
30.2
30.3
28.5
31.3
23.6
13.7
0.46
0.53
4.09
0.12
0.15
2.65
16.1
16.9
4.1
21.6
23.7
11.7
Hariana Bullock No. 4
29-11-41
30-11-41
1-12-41
2-12-41
3-12-41
4-12-41
5-12-41
**6-12-41
1957
5485
1761
1471
1928
1468
245
2402
7.04
16.74
7.23
5.77
7.10
6.94
1.45
10.20
0.12
0.33
0.14
..
0.08
0.18
0.44
0.82
Nil
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
2.02
4.86
2.03
1.78
2.33
2.57
0.53
2.71
0.02
Nil.
0.05
Nil
„
0.03
0.00
0.02
28.7
29.0
28.1
30.8
32.8
37.1
36.4
26.6
0.72
0.30
2.27
0.41
0.11
1.68
12.1
13.9
4.5
28.3
22.1
17.3
* The animal refused food.
** The animal had tympany and was given magnesium sulphate from 5-12-41 afternoon.
TABLE III
Showing the effect of muscular work on total urinary nitrogen and partition products
Period
Pre-work
.
.
Work .
.
.
Post-work .
Date
Volume of
urine
c.c.
Total
N
gm.
Urea
N
gm.
Ammonia
N
gm.
Creatinine
N
gm.
Creatine
N
gm.
Creatinine N
as per cent
of total N
Hariana Bullock No. 5.
29-11-41
30-11-41
1-12-41
2-12-41
3-12-41
4-12-41
*5-12-41
6017
8592
3298
2869
2672
748
2187
9.42
9.33
6.46
6.20
5.72
3.32
16.50
0.48
0.34
0.13
..
0.16
0.10
0.83
Nil
„
„
„
„
„
„
2.57
2.38
2.27
1.89
2.01
1.57
5.42
Nil
„
„
„
„
0.09
27.8
25.6
35.2
30.5
35.0
47.3
32.9
*The animal suffered from tympany and refused food
266
Studies on Protein Metabolism, II
Our observations on bullocks agree with those of
Mitchell and Kruger [1928] on rats. Experiments
with the same object in view have not, however,
been conducted by them on draft animals. But
the finding of Kellner [1926] on horses, referred to
earlier, tends to support the present conclusion.
Ramiah et al. [1939] concluded from their experi-
ments on cattle that muscular work increased the
output of endogenous nitrogen. But, as the authors
have not used a nitrogen-poor experimental ration,
their work cannot be expected to answer the speci-
fic question which is the subject of the present in-
vestigation.
SUMMARY
Observations carried out on five adult Hariana
bullocks indicate that muscular work may be per-
formed with no appreciable increase in the excre-
tion of urinary endogenous nitrogen, urea, creati-
nine, creatine, total sulphur and total sulphate
provided the increased caloric requirement during
the work period is met with from carbohydrate
and fats.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors desire to express their gratitude
to Mr R. S. Chaudhry for superintending the
feeding of the experimental animals.
REFERENCES
Hart, E. B., Humphrey, G. C. and Morrison, F. B. (1912).
J. Biol. Chem. 13, 133
Kellner, O. (1926). The Scientific feeding of animals.
Translated by W. Goodwin, 2nd revised ed. Duck-
worth, London
McCollum, E. V. and Hoagland, D. R. (1913). J. Biol.
Chem. 16, 299
Mitchell, H. H. and Kruger, J. H. (1928). J. Biol. Chem.
76, 55
Morrison, F. B. (1937). Feeds and Feeding. 20th ed.
The Morrison Publishing Company, New York
Ramiah, P. V., Sundaram, M. and Narayanayya, Y. V.
(1939). Current Sci. 8, 161
Wilson, H. E. C. (1933). J. Physiol. 77, 240
Wilson, H. E. C. (1934). J. Physiol. 82, 184
Indian J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIII, Part IV]
PLATE
XIX
PLATE XX
[ Indian J. Vet. Sci. & Anim. Husb., Vol. XIII, Part IV
CONTENTS
(VOL. XIII, PART III)
September 1943
The Editorial Committee of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, India, takes no
responsibility for the opinions expressed in this Journal
Original articles
TREE LEAVES AS CATTLE FODDER, I. THE SEASONAL VARIA-
TION IN THE COMPOSITION OF SOME EDIBLE TREE LEAVES
(WITH TWO TEXT-FIGURES)
TREE LEAVES AS CATTLE FODDER, II. DIGESTIBILITY COEFFI-
CIENT AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SOME TREE LEAVES
GREEN BERSEEM AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CONCENTRATES FOR
ECONOMIC FEEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF PROTEINS FOR CHICKENS
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND VITAMIN-A POTENCY OF
COW'S MILK AND BUTTER FAT UNDER INTENSIVE GREEN
FEEDING AND THE CAROTENE METABOLISM OF DAIRY
ANIMALS
OBSERVATIONS ON A CONTAGIOUS KERATITIS OF INDIAN
SHEEP (WITH PLATE XVII)
PHOSPHORUS IN MILK, I. THE PHOSPHORUS PARTITION IN
THE MILK OF COW, GOAT, SHEEP AND HUMAN BEINGS
PHOSPHORUS IN MILK, II. AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS OF
THE MILK OF COW, GOAT AND BUFFALO
SKRJABINEMA OVIS (SKRJABIN, 1915) WERESCHTSCHAGIN, 1925,
AN OXYURID PARASITE OF THE GOAT (CAPRA HIRCUS) IN
INDIA
REUTILIZATION OF USED AGAR MEDIA, I. . . . .
ON THE PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF SEA-WATER IN THE
TREATMENT OF CANINE MANGE—SARCOPTIC AND FOLLICU-
LAR (WITH PLATE XVIII)
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE INTERNAL BODY TEMPERATURE
IN GOATS (WITH ONE TEXT-FIGURE)
ON CERTAIN INSTANCES OF FISH MORTALITY IN TANKS AND
PONDS IN THE PUNJAB
S. A. Momin and S. C.
Ray
Chet Ram and S. C. Ray .
N. C. Das Gupta . .
A. J. Macdonald . .
B. C. Bay Sarkar and K.
C. Sen
P. N. Nanda and M.
Abdussalam
K. P. Basu and K. P.
Mukherjee
K. P. Basu and K. P.
Mukherjee
S. N. Vaidyanathan .
E. V. Seshacharyulu and
Zal R. Kothavalla
K. Venkatachalam, A. N.
Ratnagiriswaran, M. R.
Subramania Sastry, R.
Ramaswamy and C. K.
Velayudhan Nayar
M. Nazir Sadiq
.
.
Hamid Khan . . .
Research note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PAGE
183
191
196
214
219
228
231
236
240
241
244
247
249
252
253
H. N. RAY AND J. A.
IDNANI
273
Fig. 33. Three parasites—two showing nuc-
lear division.
Fig. 34. Three parasites—one with two
nuclei.
Fig. 35. Six parasites—with nucleus in the
resting stage.
Fig. 36. Eight parasites—one on the left top
showing cytoplasmic division while others
have their nuclei in the resting stage.
Fig. 37. Eight parasites with their nuclei in
the resting stage.
Fig. 38. Nine parasites—one at top left
showing nuclear division.
Fig. 39. Sixteen parasites—with nuclei in the
resting stage—note the central position
of the nuclei.
Fig. 40. Sixteen parasites—one in the centre
undergoing division.
Fig. 41. Twenty-seven parasites—few show-
ing increased amount of nuclear sub-
stance.
Fig. 42. Thirty-two fully formed rings—
note the migration of nucleus towards
periphery of ring.
Fig. 43. Parasites being liberated after
rupture of the erythrocyte.
Fig. 44. Portion of the section of spleen
showing two parasitized corpuscles. One
cell above the centre is showing two,
while one in the centre is showing several
parasites.
N. L. MATHUR AND S. C.
RAY
275
lb. The total feeding period covered eight days,
of which the first three were regarded as the preli-
minary period. During the last five days, 24
hourly collections of excreta were made. It was
not possible to increase the number of animals un-
der experiment nor to prolong the feeding period
owing to the fact that only a very limited amount
of hay was available for experimentation. In
Table II is given the chemical composition of the
feeding stuffs used. The food consumption per
day and the digestibility determinations of the
feeds are set out in Tables III and IV. The
digestibility was determined by the method of
elimination by feeding wheat bran, the digestibi-
lity coefficient of which was taken from Sen
[1938]. It was observed subsequently, however,
that the grass hay could have been used as a
single feed without wheat bran as a concentrate.
TABLE II
Percentage composition of feeding stuffs (on
dry basis)
1. Star grass
2. Wheat
bran
Organic
matter
89.18
89.53
Crude
protein
5.44
10.94
Ether
extract
0.90
4.60
Crude
fibre
37.60
17.25
N-free
extract
45.21
57.34
Total
carbohy-
drates
82.84
74.59
TABLE III
Food consumption per day (on dry basis)
Animals
Hill bull No. 1
Hill bull No. 2
Star grass
gm.
2,641
2,416
Wheat bran
gm.
602
602
Total
consump-
tion
gm.
3,243
3,018
TABLE IV
Digestibility coefficient of star grass
Consumed from—
Star grass
.
.
.
.
.
.
Wheat bran .
.
.
.
.
.
Total .
Voided in faeces
.
.
.
.
.
Total digested .
Digested from—
Wheat bran .
.
.
.
.
.
Star grass
.
.
.
.
.
.
Digestibility coefficient of star grass . .
Consumed from—
Star grass
.
.
.
.
.
.
Wheat bran .
.
.
.
.
.
Total .
.
.
Voided in faeces .
.
.
.
.
Total digested . .
Digested from—
Wheat bran .
.
.
.
.
.
Star grass . . . . . .
Digestibility coefficient of star grass .
Organic
matter
gm.
Crude
protein
gm.
Ether
extract
gm.
Crude
fibre
gm.
N-free
extract
gm.
Total
carbohy-
drate
gm.
Hill Bull No. 1
23.552
539.0
2894.2
1323.0
1571.2
409.6
1161.6
49
2154.6
539.0
2693.6
1141.7
1551.9
409.6
1142.3
53
143.7
65.9
209.6
98.7
110.9
50.7
60.2
42
131.4
65.9
197.3
87.5
109. 8
50.7
59.1
45
23.8
24.1
47.9
18.7
29.2
15.9
13.3
56
993.0
103.8
1096.8
504.5
592.3
20.8
571.5
55
1194.8
345.2
1540.0
701.1
838.9
290.0
548.9
46
Hill Bull No. 2
21.7
24.1
45.8
17.6
28.2
15.9
12.3
57
908.4
103.8
1012.2
433.9
578.3
20.8
557.5
61
1093.1
345.2
1438.3
602.7
835.6
290.0
545.6
50
2187.8.
449.0
2636.8
1205.6
1431.2
345.7
1085.5
50
2001.5
449.0
2450.5
1036.6
1413.9
345.7
1068.2
53
The data of food consumption indicate that, in
spite of the maturity of the hay sample, it was re-
lished by the animals. The average consumption
of 1030 gm. of the hay per 100 lb. liveweight may
be considered quite high, especially in view of the
fact that so bulky a concentrate as wheat bran was
fed. The superior quality of the ration under the
star grass hay feeding was also reflected in the
average increase of 7 lb. in liveweight within one
week and the high positive nitrogen balance as
shown in Table V. It must be admitted, however,
that the high retention of nitrogen was due partly
to high level of protein ingestion.