NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
v
Districts of Bengal during the year 1897-98—concluded.
ful.
Above six years.
11
1,562
4,328
11,875
103
3,117
592
3,071
4,066
4,679
3,663
20,372
28,714
313
823
405
277
357
336
2,511
7,502
14,711
193,532
215,745
TOTAL
OF ALL
AGES.
12
7,111
37,141
47,678
3,879
27,869
3,164
12,458
16,078
34,980
15,622
104,770
155,378
27,345
36,111
13,833
32,462
14,231
17,942
141,924
53,911
54,819
1,998,537
2,107,267
RE-VACCINATION.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
13
35
...
...
9
...
...
31
5
35
31
14
80
505
924
489
647
190
444
3,209
158
8,238
26,786
35,182
1
...
...
...
...
...
4
4
1
4
4
9
340
957
293
360
191
498
2,639
65
4,213
11,853
16,131
36
...
...
9
...
...
35
9
36
35
18
89
845
1,881
782
1,017
381
942
5,848
223
12,451
38,639
51,313
Successful.
Under one year.
14
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
One year and
under six years.
15
...
...
...
...
...
...
16
7
...
16
7
23
156
277
5
24
24
312
798
...
198
1,108
1,306
Above six years.
16
8
...
...
7
...
...
18
...
8
18
7
33
592
1,172
607
345
175
600
3,491
104
5,208
29,146
34,458
TOTAL OF ALL
AGES.
17
8
...
...
7
...
...
34
7
8
34
14
56
748
1,449
612
369
199
912
4,289
104
5,406
30,254
35,764
PERCENTAGE
OF SUCCESSFUL
CASES.
Primary.
18
96.85
96.15
98.00
96.58
96.72
93.99
94.80
97.78
96.75
94.03
97.26
96.87
99.15
98.52
93.99
99.51
98.30
96.22
98.09
96.74
94.53
98.17
98.04
Re-vaccination.
19
22.22
...
...
77.77
...
...
97.14
77.77
22.22
97.14
77.77
62.92
88.52
77.03
78.26
36.28
52.23
96.81
73.34
46.63
43.41
78.29
69.69
RELIGION OF THE NUMBER
VACCINATED.
Total number vaccinated of—
Hindus.
20
7,232
37,110
47,229
4,022
28,684
3,366
12,724
13,404
35,916
16,090
101,765
153,771
25,939
10,196
13,821
31,993
6,135
13,351
101,435
42,799
54,506
1,247,102
1,344,407
Muhammadans.
21
143
1,511
1,415
3
129
...
22
39
272
22
2,968
3,262
2,471
876
1,009
1,554
12
59
5,981
11,998
8,045
741,737
761,780
Christians.
22
3
5
6
...
...
...
...
...
3
...
11
14
12
3,026
519
43
101
51
3,752
17
820
5,578
6,415
Other races.
23
...
...
...
...
...
...
429
2,999
...
429
2,909
3,428
...
24,434
150
47
8,609
6,127
39,367
1,123
7,069
79,833
88,025
Persons successfully vaccinated
per 1,000 of population.
24
3.82
19.95
48.95
22.85
30.41
3.45
9.15
11.79
6.61
2.96
19.82
29.40
24.71 34.09 24.41
28.05
26.81
21.34
26.96
.76
.85
28.64
30.25
AVERAGE NUM-
BER OF PERSONS
SUCCESSFULLY
CINATED DURING
THE PREVIOUS
Number.
25
17,274
34,153
12,321
19,557
16,666
99,971
29,001
37,622
14,402
32,707
14,684
22,990
151,406
1,929,574
Ratio per 1,000 of
population.
26
9.22
35.07
72.45
21.34
12.21
18.91
25.50
34.15
24.34
27.43
27.28
26.02
27.92
27.24
AVERAGE NUM-
BER OF DEATHS
F
POX DURING
THE
Number.
27
1,798
140
...
1,092
...
3,030
274
360
181
176
52
...
1,043
13,039
Ratio per 1,000 of
population.
28
.96
.14
...
1.19
...
.57
.24
.32
.30
.15
.09
...
.19
.18
but were retained in service till 15th May 1897.
H. J. DYSON, F.R.C.S., Surgn.-Major,
Sanitary Commissioner for Bengal.
ix
to Municipalities, Dispensaries, &c., in the Province of Bengal, during the year 1897-98.
RE-VACCINATION.
Total.
Male.
16
714
588
489
718
494
1,004
551
168
801
637
377
399
366
249
103
143
34
505
200
648
505
28
173
25
150
... 997
1,179
783
692
1,174
625
807
1,063
1,385
184
381
311
261
13
385
689
243
297
674
340
22,472
Female.
17
99
39
163
161
39
144
86
112
89
21
3
18
17
15
22
2
2
6
60
103
24
... 21
... 2
... 105
104
73
145
224
47
48
60
78
7
10
5
28
... ... 45
196
167
42
26
2,658
Total.
18
813
547
652
879
533
1,148
637
280
890
658
380
417
383
264
125
145
36
511
260
751
529
28
194
25
152
...
1,102
1,283
856
837
1,398
672
855
1,123
1,463
191
391
316
289
13
385
734
439
464
716
366
25,130
Successful.
Under one year.
19
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
One year and under
six years.
20
3
1
... 2
...
... 3
13
... 23
...
...
...
...
... ... 1
... ... 7
...
... 2
...
...
... 15
5
7
9
... 2
4
4
4
... ...
3
... ...
... 32
20
6
... ...
166
Above six years.
21
384
415
207
448
236
256
349
167
521
504
109
230
280
153
88
130
15
163
35
482
170
15
103
7
36
... 427
511
387
609
1,013
589
743
524
625
121
140
151
92
9
374
447
262
252
267
231
13,277
Total of all ages.
22
387
416
207
450
236
256
352
180
521
527
109
230
280
153
88
130
16
163
35
489
170
15
105
7
36
... 442
516
394
618
1,013
591
747
528
629
121
140
154
92
9
374
479
282
258
267
231
13,443
NUMBER VACCINATED
AMONG—
Hindus.
23
2,708
611
2,290
3,487
2,796
3,023
6,739
2,351
2,378
532
455
531
258
290
1,730
304
208
380
1,763
1,585
629
532
589
87
109
... 7,243
3,547
4,476
3,433
2,278
3,423
3,376
4,320
2,355
558
504
971
3,082
520
2,734
1,684
399
456
1,673
316
83,713
Muhammadans.
24
827
231
67
447
454
1,401
2,714
842
1,267
843
541
796
267
190
36
290
162
894
1,697
2,754
1,139
737
740
120
570
...
2,255
683
1,248
889
752
943
1,105
625
694
261
576
205
466
74
5
777
245
149
111
60
32,139
Christians.
25
28
11
52
12
23
7
32
47
10
2
6
10
... 1
20
23
1
3
10
8
1
7
6
... 11
... 78
1
3
5
75
5
1
34
17
5
...
2
106
40
... 20
261
... 23
76
1,083
Other races.
26
...
...
...
...
...
... 12
...
...
...
...
...
... 1
292
8
1
87
... 40
...
...
...
... 126
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
176
...
...
... 69
788
... 4
370
1,974
PERCENTAGE OF
SUCCESSFUL CASES.
Primary.
27
93.49
99.67
98.06
97.65
98.39
98.53
99.78
98.78
96.31
97.91
97.42
99.23
79.57
69.72
96.92
83.54
98.51
91.67
95.63
89.08
89.11
80.68
97.37
95.60
94.42
... 94.62
76.83
96.75
87.62
90.56
93.16
94.73
98.75
89.95
92.57
96.99
85.64
95.03
100.00
90.31
88.65
98.64
90.78
84.29
74.21
94.09
Re-vaccination.
28
47.60
76.05
31.74
51.19
44.27
22.29
55.25
64.28
58.53
80.09
28.68
55.15
73.10
57.95
70.40
89.65
44.44
31.89
13.46
65.11
32.13
53.57
54.12
28.00
23.68
...
40.10
40.21
46.02
73.82
72.46
87.94
87.36
47.01
42.99
63.35
35.80
48.73
31.83
69.23
97.14
65.25
64.25
55.60
37.29
63.11
53.49
REMARKS.
29
H. J. DYSON, F.R.C.S., Surgn.-Major,
Sanitary Commissioner for Bengal.
b
x
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT No. IV—Showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated, and the number of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in each of the
undermentioned official years.
ESTABLISHMENT.
1
Government ...
Municipal ...
Local Funds ...
Native States ...
Dispensaries ...
Work done by ex¬
inoculators.
Total
...
PERSONS PRIMARILY VACCINATED
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1888-89.
2
420,543
79,597
... 32,837
3,658
1,301,580
1,838,215
3
415,070
75,611
... 30,766
3,029
1,295,895
1,820,371
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1889-90.
4
137,308
105,106
... 50,597
3,570
1,480,639
1,777,220
5
133,537
99,012
... 48,112
2,949
1,474,815
1,758,425
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1890-91.
6
168,313
93,674
... 15,132
1,204
1,537,915
1,816,238
7
165,871
87,471
... 14,094
915
1,529,929
1,798,280
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1891-92.
8
110,248
98,436
606
2,986
1,303
1,413,276
1,626,855
9
108,624
91,983
554
2,684
1,099
1,404,182
1,609,126
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1892-93.
10
105,496
98,235
737
691
3,020
1,612,620
1,820,799
11
104,722
94,122
687
617
2,831
1,601,820
1,804,799
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1893-94.
12
120,308
94,969
14,396
386
3,473
1,595,884
1,829,416
13
118,076
90,643
14,115
321
2,985
1,583,578
1,809,718
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1894-95.
14
68,405
105,669
28,257
11,109
6,591
1,886,111
2,106,142
15
67,291
99,830
27,141
10,152
5,591
1,858,860
2,068,865
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1895-96.
16
39,180
96,266
69,387
11,820
4,751
2,015,528
2,227,932
17
38,310
89,705
58,842
10,767
4,188
1,978,088
2,179,900
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1896-97.
18
32,706
104,738
61,448
9,318
5,350
2,009,568
2,223,128
19
32,150
98,366
59,905
8,328
4,554
1,973,512
2,176,815
Total number.
Number
successfully
vaccinated.
1897-98.
20
31,702
99,914
57,764
13,139
4,963
2,035,611
2,243,093
21
29,965
94,523
55,732
12,457
4,295
1,998,537
2,195,509
OFFICE OF THE SANY. COMMR. FOR BENGAL ;
The 10th August 1898.
H. J. DYSON, F.R.C.S., Surgn.-Major,
Sanitary Commissioner for Bengal.
MUNICIPAL
DEPARTMENT.
SANITATION.
DARJEELING, THE 8TH OCTOBER 1898.
RESOLUTION—No. 689T.—M.
READ—
The Statistical Returns of Vaccination in Bengal for the year 1897-98, with brief
notes by the Sanitary Commissioner.
Read again—
The Returns for 1896-97 with the Government Resolution reviewing them.
The returns are six weeks late, but there is excuse. The work of the
department was greatly interfered with during the year owing to the fact
that the military operations on the frontier rendered it necessary to recall
the Deputy Sanitary Commissioners and Superintendents of Vaccination to
military duty at the beginning of August. During the greater part of the
year the Sanitary Commissioner, in addition to his own duties, held charge of
two out of the three circles into which the province is divided for the purposes
of vaccination, while Assistant Surgeon Gopal Chandra Mukherji took charge
of the third.
2. Strength of Inspecting and Working Staff.—The following table com-
pares the strength of the supervising and working staff during the last two
years:—
1
Calcutta...
...
Calcutta Animal Vac-
cine Depôt.
Provincial rural areas...
Mufassal municipali-
ties, dispensaries, &c.
Total...
YEAR.
2
1897-98...
1896-97...
Increase ...
Decrease...
1897-98...
1896-97...
Increase...
Decrease...
1897-98...
1896-97...
Increase ...
Decrease...
1897-98...
1896-97...
Increase...
Decrease ...
1897-98...
1896-97...
Increase...
Decrease...
INSPECTING STAFF.
Number of Superintendents.
3
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of Deputy Superin-
tendents.
4
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
47 Civil Surgeons
and
3 Deputy Sanitary
Commissioners.
47 Civil Surgeons
and
3 Deputy Sanitary
Commissioners.
...
...
...
...
...
...
51
51
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
...
Number of Inspectors.
5
3
4
... 1
1
1
...
...
50
50
...
... 4
5
...
1
58
60
... 2
Number of Sub-Inspectors.
6
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
142
142
...
... 5
4
1
...
147
146
1
...
Number of head vaccinators.
7
2
2
...
... 1
1
...
...
10
9
1
... 1
1
...
...
14
13
1
...
Total number of inspecting
staff.
8
7
8
...
...
2
2
...
...
252
251
1
...
10 10
...
...
271
271
...
...
OPERATORS.
Vaccinators.
Government or paid.
9
29
29
...
...
2
2
...
...
180
165
15
...
245
253
... 8
456
449
7
...
Licensed.
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2,144
2,101
43
...
...
...
...
...
2,144
2,101
43
...
Apprentices.
Government or paid.
11
5
4
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
5
4
1
...
Licensed.
12
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1,096
1,177
... 81
...
...
...
...
1,096
1,177
...
81
Total number of operators.
13
34
33
1
...
2
2
...
...
3,420
3,443
...
23
245
253
... 8
3,701
3,731
...
30
REMARKS.
14
One Inspectorship in Calcutta and another in the Bhagalpur Municipality
were abolished, while one appointment was made in the new municipality at
( 5 )
No. 690T.—M.
COPY of the above Resolution forwarded to the Sanitary Commissioner for
information.
No. 691T.—M.
COPY of the above Resolution, with a copy of the Returns, forwarded to the
Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal, for information.
Circular No. 13T.—M.
COPY of the above Resolution, with a copy of the Returns, forwarded to all
Commissioners of Divisions for information.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,
B. FOLEY,
Under-Secy. to the Govt. of Bengal.
DARJEELING,
The 8th October 1898.
E. J. H.—Reg. No. 4131C—1,186—13-10-98.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
HOME DEPARTMENT.
THE PLAGUE IN INDIA,
1896, 1897.
COMPILED BY R. NATHAN,
INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE.
Vol. II.
APPENDICES I TO VI.
SIMLA:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRINTING OFFICE.
1898.
GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRINTING OFFICE,
SIMLA.
LIST OF APPENDICES.
I TO VI.
I.—Description of Plague : its Causes and Characteristics.
II.—Previous History of Plague in India.
III.—Statistical Statements.
IV.—Regulations under the Epidemic Diseases Act.
V.—Measures in the City of Bombay.
VI.—Measures in the Bombay Presidency and Sind.
APPENDIX I.
DESCRIPTION OF PLAGUE : ITS CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS.
PAPER
Nos.
I — 2.
3.
4—7.
8.
9.
10 — 11.
I 2— 1 8.
CONTENTS.
Papers regarding the rumour of Plague in
Calcutta —
I. Note by the Special Calcutta Medical Board.
2. Note by Brigade-Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel
D. D. Cunningham
.
.
.
.
.
M. Haffkine's instructions for diagnosing
plague
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Reports by Mr. E. H. Hankin on the experi-
ments made by him with various commodi-
ties to test their capacity for engendering
or supporting plague .
.
.
.
.
Despatch from the Government of Bombay to
the Secretary of State on the subject of
plague and domestic animals
Remarks on the treatment of plague by Dr.
James Cantlie
.
.
.
.
.
.
Reports by M. Haffkine on experiments with
curative serum .
.
.
.
.
.
Reports by M. Haffkine and Dr. Lyons on
experiments with prophylactic serum .
PAGES.
3-6
. 6—8
8—10
10 — 19
20 — 21
21 — 28
29—32
32—56
b 1
APPENDIX I.
DESCRIPTION OF PLAGUE : ITS CAUSES
AND CHARACTERISTICS.
Papers regarding a rumour of plague in Calcutta.
No. 1.
NOTE BY THE SPECIAL CALCUTTA MEDICAL BOARD.
The following eleven cases have been reported to the Medical
Board as cases of bubonic plague in Calcutta, besides certain cases
in the Fort, which, on enquiry, proved to be ordinary non-venereal
buboes :—
* One case in Howrah.
* One case in Chatawallah Lane.
* Two cases in Manicktolla Hospital,
Two cases in the Presidency General Hospital.
* One case in Raja Raj Bullub Street.
* One case in Armenian Street.
One case in Wooltadanga.
One case in Garden Reach.
One case in Warns Bagan Lane.
In the cases marked with an asterisk, the plague bacillus is said
to have been found in the blood of the persons attacked. Three
others were found to be cases of simple enlarged glands, fever and
bronchitis and intestinal obstructions respectively. The result of the
examination of the blood of the two cases in the Presidency General
Hospital is not known to us. As a full history of all these eleven
cases is contained in the appendix to this report, it is not necessary
to recapitulate them here, and a summary of the conclusions drawn
from these will therefore be sufficient in this place.
The bacillus is also said to have been identified in the case in
Raja Raj Bullub Street which terminated fatally. This case was
first reported by a homoeopathic practitioner to the Health Officer of
Calcutta by postcard on the evening of the 2nd November. It was
seen by Drs. Cobb and Simpson on the 3rd at 5-30 P.M., and the man
died in their presence at 6-30 the same evening. They reported it
" as a fatal case of true plague." The Board of Health did not hear
of this case till the following day, after the body had been disposed
of, and then only from private information. An interval of nearly
4
Description of Plague :
[ APP. I.
20 hours occurred between the time the case was first seen by the
homœopathic practitioner and the time it was inspected by Drs. Cobb
and Simpson. It is to be regretted that Drs. Cobb and Simpson did
not call in one of the medical members of the Board, who would have
been only too willing to go and see "a true case of plague." The
omission is the more unfortunate, because doubt had arisen in the public
mind regarding the diagnosis of the previous cases. Drs. Dyson and
Robson-Scott, however, as soon as they heard of the case, proceeded
to the spot and made minute enquiries concerning it, with the result
that it was clear that other reasons existed for the enlargement of the
glands in the groin, which was reported to be one of the prominent
features of the case.
The most noticeable point in the suspicious cases that have
occurred is the fact that all the patients in whose blood the plague
germ is said to have been found recovered, with the single exception
of the case in Raja Raj Bullub Street, and in this case, as already
stated, the symptoms noticed can reasonably be ascribed to other
causes. Another remarkable fact is that none of these six sporadic
suspicious cases produced any infection either in the neighbourhood
or even amongst the people who attended the sick.
Looking only to the clinical symptoms set forth in the appendix to
this report, we have no hesitation in expressing our emphatic opin-
ion that none of these cases, including the fatal case of Bipin Behari
Dutt, can properly be described as cases of bubonic plague. It may
be inferred, however, from the reports which have come before us
that the diagnosis made by the Health Officer and Dr. Cobb is based
not so much upon the symptoms of the patients as upon the supposed
presence in their blood of a microscopic organism stated to be "the
plague bacillus." We proposed, therefore, to examine the evidence
bearing on this point, and to state how far the conclusions arrived at
by Drs. Cobb and Simpson are borne out by the independent investi-
gations carried on by our colleague, Dr. Cunningham.
Dr. Cunningham has received from M. Haffkine a type-culture and
several microscopic preparations of the plague bacillus as occurring
in Bombay. These agree in their characters with those described as
characteristic of the plague bacillus as found in China, and there can
be no reasonable doubt that the Bombay bacillus is the same as that
which is regarded by M. Yersin and Professor Kitasato as the speci-
fic cause of plague.
Dr. Cunningham has also personally obtained twenty microscopic
preparations and fifteen cultures of blood from seven distinct cases of
supposed plague, six of which occurred among men in the Shropshire
Regiment. The microscopic preparations show nothing, except that
APP. I. ]
its causes and characteristics.
5
some of the subjects suffered from anæmia; while the cultures have
without exception remained absolutely sterile.
A series of cultures and preparations of local origin was received
by Dr. Cunningham from Drs. Simpson and Cobb. None of these
exhibit the characters of the standard type. In one instance only
does the growth in the form of colonies present some similarity to
that of the type specimen ; but in this case the microscopic characters
do not resemble those of the Bombay bacillus. In another case the
culture yielded an absolutely pure growth of a large staphylococcus,
which is of common occurrence in the air ; while the corresponding
blood preparation showed evidence of contamination from other
sources in the presence of a certain number of slender bacilli. In a
third culture there was a pure growth of a form of schizomycete or
fungus, of which neither the colonies nor their constituent elements
bore the remotest resemblance to the plague bacillus. A fourth
culture prepared from the blood of Bipin Behari Dutt contained large
bacilli, probably of a putrefactive character, along with minute cocci
and diplococci ; but in the microscopic preparation of the blood only
the large bacilli could be recognised. The remaining cultivations of
local origin are pure cultivations of cocci and diplococci not agreeing
in character with the type specimen, and not distinguishable from
forms which are liable to occur in, and on almost any organic medium
as the result of contamination. As the phenomena of three out
of the four cases expressly referred to above furnish conclusive
evidence that actual contamination occurred, there is no certain proof
that in the remaining cases the minute organisms discovered were
really derived from the blood.
In the case of Bipin Behari Dutt, whose clinical symptoms we
have already discussed, a specimen of blood and some blood-cultures
were sent to Dr. Cunningham, together with portions of a rat into
which 2 cubic centimetres of a culture of blood had been injected,
causing its death after thirty-one hours. The specimen of blood and
the cultures showed, as has been mentioned above, unequivocal evi-
dence of contamination by the presence of large bacilli, probably of
a putrefactive character, which must have gained access to the
preparation from outside.
This being so, it is clear that the smaller cocci and diplococci
which were also found may equally have been the result of contam-
ination. Nor does the death of the rat after inoculation afford any
grounds for inferring the specific character of the germs contained
in the culture, with which the animal was inoculated, for the bulk
of actively decomposing fluid injected into the animal was relatively
equivalent to over a pint in the case of an adult human being and was
6
Description of Plague :
[ APP. I.
quite sufficient to cause death by mere blood poisoning. Moreover,
had the enormous number of microscopic organisms introduced into the
rat possessed the specific character attributed to them, the blood and
tissues ought after death to have absolutely swarmed with the
organisms, whereas "in fact only a very scanty sprinkling of minute
cocci and diplococci could be found in the specimens submitted to
Dr. Cunningham.
Looking to the evidence as a whole, we have no hesitation in
expressing our opinion that there is no evidence that any case of
true bubonic plague has yet occurred in Calcutta ; and that the cases
which have been reported to us as plague were so described on "the
strength of an opinion as to the origin and character of certain
microscopic organisms, which has not been confirmed by the results
of an independent inquiry conducted by an expert of long experience
in bacteriological research.
No. 2.
NOTE BY BRIGADE-SURGEON-LIEUTENANT-COLONEL
CUNNINGHAM.
In a previous note regarding the alleged bacteriological demon-
stration of the occurrence of cases of plague in Calcutta in October
and November, it has been shown that the evidence was of no value
on the following grounds :—
1st.—That in certain cases there was unequivocal evidence that
the samples of blood from which cultivations of alleged
plague bacilli had been obtained were, from the outset,
contaminated from external sources.
2nd.—That the growths present in what were affirmed to be
type-specimens of cultivations of Calcutta plague
bacilli, which had been obtained from the blood of
different alleged cases of plague, were absolutely
different in different instances.
3rd.—That in no case did the growths accurately correspond in
character with those of type-specimens obtained
from Bombay from M. Haffkine.
4th.—That specimens of blood, taken from cases, which on
bacteriological grounds had been affirmed to be unequi-
vocal cases of plague, failed to yield any growths
whatever when taken and cultivated under conditions
unfavourable to extraneous contamination.
5th.—That the evidence derived from the results of inoculat-
ing animals with the alleged plague bacilli was of no
value whatever, because of the method in which the
experiments were carried out.