NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN THE PROVINCE OF ASSAM FOR THE
SEASON 1886-87.
Basis of the Report and of vaccination the
same as before.
1. There has been no change introduced during the year either in the sources of
lymph or in the class of operators. The tables and the
general plan of the report are also the same as heretofore.
Sources of lymph.
2. There were 150 tubes of English lymph received through the Sanitary Com-
missioner with the Government of India on the 28th Sep-
tember 1886, and distributed without delay in proportion
to the size of each district. With this first stock the Civil Surgeons began local production,
and this was supplemented all through the season by periodical supplies from the depots
in Dacca, Darjiling, Calcutta, and Almora.
Quality of the lymph.
3. Very especial pains has been taken of late years to secure the purity and
genuineness of the vaccine medium. It was recognized that,
naturally, one of the main difficulties in the way of winning
the people's confidence would gradually disappear if the absolute protective quality of
vaccination was fairly established, that in order to secure this the utmost care must be
taken to establish healthy vaccination only, regardless of figures, and to support it by
adequate inspection. It is impossible as yet to say that any material results have
affected the Provincial population at large, but the statistics of mortality from small-pox
have now been unusually small for the last three years, and there is frequent mention in
the district reports that the confidence of the people is being slowly gained, and that in
many places there would be no difficulty in extending the provisions of Act V. of 1880
to the general population.
TABLE I.
Showing the agency employed in each district of the Province during the past two years.
1885-86.
Districts.
Goálpára..........................................
Kámrúp..........................................
Nowgong..........................................
Darrang..........................................
Sibságar..........................................
Lakhimpur..........................................
Nága Hills..........................................
Khási „
Gáro „
Sylhet
Cachar..........................................
Civil Surgeons.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
Assistant-Surgeons.
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
Native Inspectors.
1
1
1
1
1
...
...
...
...
2
1
8
Hospital-Assistants.
2
3
3
2
4
1
2
3
1
6
3
30
Provincial vaccinators.
1
4
3
4
3
4
1
3
6
10
3
42
Local Fund vaccinators.
5
6
9
6
13
4
...
...
...
21
6
70
Municipal vaccinators.
1
1
...
...
3
1
...
...
...
2
1
9
Compounders.
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
3
1
6
Apprentices.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
10
...
...
1°
Licensed vaccinator.
9
22
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
32
Total.
20
38
17
14
26
11
5
8
8
46
16
209
B
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN ASSAM.
19
Vaccination under the Rev. Dr. Griffiths
at Mauphlang
95. For more than three years a vaccinator has been specially sanctioned for the
mission station of Mauphlang, under the supervision of the
Rev. G. Griffith, M.D., who was in medical charge. I
regret to report that it has been found necessary to withdraw the sanction, owing to the
inadequate results. There ought to be an excellent field in that neighbourhood, and,
with work open to him at least ten months in the year, 800 operations should have been
reported. But, as a fact, the number reported in 1886 was only 330.
Review of last season's report by the
Government of India.
96. The Government of India review of the Assam Vaccination Report was received
in this office on the 30th October 1886. The difficulty of
ascertaining the precise nature and extent of vaccination on
tea-gardens is mentioned, owing to all such information being dependant on the personal
interest taken in it by managers. Some progress in this respect might be made if
Government would authorise the free issue of a blank register and annual return to each
manager or medical officer. Statement IV. in the present annual return is drawn up in
accordance with the form prescribed by Home Department Resolution No. 86, dated
9th May 1877.
Medical officers' services acknowledged.
97. The Superintendents of Vaccination in charge of districts who have been
especially successful during the season 1886-87 have been
Dr. R.Neil Campbell in Darrang, Dr. J. Mullane in Gauháti,
and Dr. J. Macnamara in Sylhet. In Nowgong Mr. J. McNaught and in Sibságar Assistant-
Surgeon A. P. Ghosh have made great advances, and have been particularly active and
careful in their administration. Dr. P. M. Gupta also deserves a word of praise for
keeping up a large average of operations under many special difficulties natural to that
region.
A. ETESON, M.D.,
Deputy-Surgeon-General and Sanitary Commissioner.
20
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN ASSAM
STATEMENT III.
Showing Vaccination in the Province of Assam during the year 1886-87.
District
Goálpára.........
Kámrúp............
Nowgong............
Class of operators.
Civil Surgeon...........
Hospital-Assistants............
Compounder............
Native Inspector.........
Provincial Vaccinators............
Local Funds „ ............
Licensed „ ............
Total............
Civil Surgeon...........
Hospital-Assistants............
Native Inspector.........
Provincial Vaccinators............
Municipal „ .............
Local Fund Vaccinators....................
Licensed „ .....................
Total............
Civil Surgeon...........
Hospital-Assistants............
Native Inspector.........
Provincial Vaccinators............
Local Funds „ ............
Total Local Funds................
Number of dispensaries
in each district.
7
7
2
2
3
3
Total number of opera-
tors in each district
during the season.
1
5
1
1
1
3
11
23
1
2
1
4
1
7
18
34
1
2
1
3
8
15
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
12
125
11
31
573
1,847
8,489
11,088
310
62
82
2,617
664
3,936
6,982
14,653
30
72
636
2,905
7,132
10,775
Average
number of
persons vaccinated by
each operator.
12
25
11
31
573
615.66
771.73
482.09
310
31
82
654.25
664
562.28
387.88
430.88
30
36
636
968.33
891.50
718.33
Primary vaccination.
Total
12
119
11
30
573
1,847
8,489
11,081
310
62
82
2,617
610
3,916
6,982
14,579
26
71
636
2,877
7,132
10,742
Successful.
Under
1 year.
3
10
4
3
108
467
1,976
2,571
60
12
2
567
152
583
691
2,067
......
7
101
231
438
777
1 and
under 6.
7
70
3
15
411
1,014
3,827
5,347
201
39
44
1,726
264
2,580
5,504
10,358
16
51
342
1,759
4,640
6,808
Total of all
ages.
11
102
10
23
543
1,731
7,727
10,147
261
58
72
2,363
495
3,429
6,583
13,261
21
66
545
2,644
6,756
10,032
Re-vaccination.
Total
......
6
......
1
......
......
......
7
......
......
......
......
54
20
......
74
4
1
......
28
......
33
Successful.
......
3
......
1
......
......
......
4
......
......
......
......
50
16
......
66
3
1
......
27
......
31
Percentage of successful vaccination.
Primary.
91.66
85.71
91.11
76.66
94.76
93.72
91.02
91.57
84.19
93.54
87.80
90.29
81.14
87.56
94.28
90.95
80.76
92.95
85.69
91.90
94.72
93.40
Re-vaccination.
......
50
......
100
......
......
......
57.14
......
......
......
......
92.59
80
......
89.19
75
100
......
96.42
......
93.93
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN ASSAM.
21
Darrang............
Sibságar..............
Lakhimpur..........
Nága Hills
Khási and Jaintia
Hills.
Civil Surgeons.................
Hospital-Assistant.................
Compounder........................
Native Inspector..................
Provincial Vaccinators..................
Local Fund „ ..................
Licensed Vaccinators(appentice)..............
Total
Civil Surgeons.................
Hospital-Assistant.................
Native Inspector..................
Provincial Vaccinators..................
Municipal „ ..................
Local Fund „ ..................
Total...........
Civil Surgeons.................
Hospital-Assistant.................
Provincial Vaccinators..................
Municipal „ ..................
Local Fund „ ..................
Total
Hospital-Assistant.................
Compounder (dresser)..................
Provincial Vaccinators..................
Total................
Civil Surgeons.................
Hospital-Assistant.................
Provincial Vaccinators..................
Municipal „ ..................
Total
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
4
4
1
2
1
1
4
8
1
18
1
6
1
3
3 15
29
1
1
4
1
4
11
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
8
289
255
660
3,684
6,162
367
11,417
65
269
611
2,627
1,721 11,157
16,450
275
99
2,904
445
2,491
6,214
85
648
410
1,143
38*
71
2,700
400
3,209
289
127.50
660
289
255
660
150
60
190
93
115
233
279
215
525
His vaccination work not recorded separately.
921
770.25
367
634.28
65
44.83
611
875.67
573.67
743.80
567.24
275
99
726
445
622.75
564.91
85
648
410
381
38
23.67
900
400
356.55
3,684
6,162
367
11,417
65
268
611
2,627
1,717 11,157
16,445
275
99
2,901
445
2,490
6,210
85
648
410
1,143
19
68
2,554
373
3,014
1,174
1,825
32
3,431
14
82
154
602
564
3,603
5,019
210
24
842
127
676
1,879
...
47
142
189
10
12
413
11
446
1,504
2,231
300
4,476
28
114
262
1,438
859
5,299
8,000
24
74
1,717
125
1,364
3,304
35
240
164
439
6
36
1,034
100
1,176
3,516
5,214
356
10,105
60
234
544
2,403
1,592
10,467
15,300
234
98
2,559
252
2,040
5,183
63
561
343
967
16
60
2,228
332
2,636
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
1
.......
4
4
.......
5
.......
.......
3
.......
1
4
.......
.......
.......
.......
19
3
146
27
195
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
1
.......
4
4
.......
5
.......
.......
.......
.......
1
1
.......
.......
.......
.......
13
.......
110
7
130
96.54
84.31
79.54
95.44
84.61
97.00
88.50
92.30
87.31
89.03
91.47
92.72
93.81
93.04
85.09
98.98
88.21
56.62
81.92
83.46
74.11
86.57
83.66
84.60
84.21
88.23
87.23
89.01
87.45
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
100
.......
.......
100
.......
100
.......
.......
.......
.......
100
25
.......
.......
.......
.......
68.42
.......
75.34
25.92
66.66
* Or these, 13 primary and 19 re-vaccinations were performed by Dr. Griffiths.
G
22
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN ASSAM.
STATEMENT No. III.—(Concuded.)
District.
Gáro Hills
.........
Sylhet ..............
Cachar
...............
Class of operators
Hospital-Assistant
Provincial Vaccinators ....................
Total
Hospital-Assistants .....................
Compounders ........................
Native Inspector ..........................
Assistant „ ....................
Provincial Vaccinators ..............
Municipal „ ..................
Local Fund „ .................
Total
Civil Surgeon .......................
Hospital-Assistants .....................
Compounder
Native Inspector
..............................
Provincial Vaccinators
Municipal
„
..............................
Local Fund
„
Total
Total of all Districts
Tea-gardens by garden agency
Total for the Province .............
Number of dispensaries
in each district
1
1
21
21
4
4
50
...
50
Total number of opera-
tors in each district
during the season.
1
6
7
8
4
1
1
10
2
22
48
1
3
2
1
3
1
7
18
214
...
214
Total number of persons
vaccinated
6
8,216
8,222
243
298 3
11,771
359
15,409
28,083
11
123
87
72
2,839
572
6,942
10,646
121,900
6,933
128,833
Average number of
persons vaccinated by
each operator.
6
1,369.33
1,174.57
30.37
74.50
3
1,177.10
179.50
700.41
585
11
41
43.50
72
946.33
572
991.71
591.44
569.62
.........
.........
Primary vaccination.
Total.
6
8,216
8,222
236
298
3
11,771
359
15,284
27,951
10
117
87
72
2,810
530
6,899
10,525
121,329
6,933
128,262
Successful.
Under
1 year.
1
1,598
1,599
14
11
...
1 and
under 6
4
3,766
3,770
146
249
...
Total of all
ages
6
8,083
8,089
217
284
3
Did no vaccination
613
43
971
1,652
1
19
6
15
739
37
1,191
2,008
21,638
...
21,638
8,782
271
9,253
18,701
5
61
76
31
1,550
320
3,999
6,042
68,421
...
68,421
11,505
347
14,355
26,711
9
93
87
57
2,645
406
6,288
9,585
112,016
5,294
117,310
Re-vaccination
Total.
......
......
......
7
......
......
......
......
125
132
1
6
......
......
29
42
43
121
571
......
571
Successful.
......
......
....
6
......
......
......
......
120
126
1
6
......
......
11
39
36
93
456
......
456
Perccntage of successful vaccination.
Primary.
100
98.38
98.38
91.95
95.30
100
97.74
96.66
93.92
95.56
90
79.48
100
79.16
94.12
76.60
91.14
91.06
92.32
76.36
91.46
Re-vaccination.
.........
.........
.........
85.71
.........
.........
.........
.........
96
95.45
100
100
.........
37.93
92.85
83.72
76.86
79.86
.........
79.86
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN ASSAM.
23
STATEMENT No. III.A.
Abstract of Vaccination in the Province of Assam during the near 1886-87.
Class of operators.
Total for Civil Surgeons ...............
„ Hospital-Assistants ...................
„ Compounders ......................
„ Native Inspectors ....................
„ Provincial Vaccinators .............
„ Municipal „ ...............
„ Local Fund „ .................
„ Licensed „ ..............
Total of all districts .................
Total tea-gardens by garden agency ..
Total for the Province .............
Total number of operators.
8
34
9
8
42
9
74
30
214
......
214
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
1,030
1,410
1,704
1,435
41,246
4,161
55,076
15,838
121,900
6,933
128,833
Average number of persons
vaccinated by each operator.
128.75
41.47
189.33
179.37
982.05
462.33
744.27
521.27
569.62
.........
.........
Primary vaccination.
Total.
1,006
1,386
1,704
1,434
41,040
4,034
54,887
15,838
121,329
6,933
128,262
Successful.
Under one year.
448
241
258
275
7,029
934
9,754
2,699
21,638
.........
21,638
One and under
six.
380
745
801
694
23,851
1,939
30,380
9,631
68,421
.........
68,421
Total of all
ages.
891
1,212
1,467
1,244
38,832
3,424
50,280
14,666
112,016
5,294
117,310
Re-vaccination.
Total.
24
24
......
1
206
127
189
......
571
......
571
Successful.
17
17
......
1
148
100
173
......
456
......
456
Percentage of suc-
cessful vaccination.
Primary.
88.57
87.44
86.09
86.75
94.62
84.88
91.61
92.60
92.32
76.36
91.46
Re-vaccination.
70.83
70.83
.........
100.
71.84
78.74
91.53
.........
79.86
.........
79.86
24
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN ASSAM.
STATEMENT No. IV.
Showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated and the number of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in the Province of Assam in each season
of the undermentioned years.
Establishments.
Government ...
Dispensaries ...
Local Fund ...
Licensed vacci-
nators.
Tea-gardens by
garden agency,
&c.
Army—
European ...
Native
....
Total .......
Persons primarily vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccinated.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccina-
ted.
Total number.
Number successfully vaccina-
ted.
Years ended 31st March.
1877-78.
...
18,344
205
...
...
...
...
...
18,549
...
16,907
178
...
...
...
...
...
17,085
1878-79.
...
28,013
155
...
...
...
...
...
28,168
...
25,678
102
...
...
...
...
...
25,780
1879-80.
...
34,309
220
...
...
...
...
...
34,529
...
31,836
193
...
...
...
...
...
32,029
1880-81.
...
15,188
310
...
8,665
...
...
...
24,163
...
12,687
285
...
8,198
...
...
...
21,170
1881-82.
...
21,121
2,117
...
15,890
4,937
...
...
44,065
...
18,100
1,793
...
14,835
3,899
...
...
38,627
1882-83.
...
34,983
1,300
8,969
9,457
2,910
...
...
57,619
...
31,222
1,163
8,149
8,634
2,348
...
...
51,516
1883-84.
...
48,331
1,483
14,904
13,069
10,336
...
...
88,123
...
43,951
1,317
13,528
12,272
5,300
...
...
76,368
1884-85.
...
48,922
4,045
26,413
15,319
8,449
...
...
103,148
...
45,100
3,595
23,821
14,398
5,486
...
...
92,400
1885-86.
...
46,879
4,143
44,457
19,446
6,249
...
...
121,174
...
42,620
3,682
39,714
17,773
4,579
...
...
108,368
1886-87.
...
46,570
4,034
54,887
15,838
6,933
...
...
128,262
...
43,646
3,424
50,280
14,666
5,294
...
...
117,310
(3)
General remarks.
9. The year was remarkably free from small-pox, from which disease only 564 deaths
were recorded in 1886. Dr. Eteson states that in his opinion
the climate of Assam is inimical to this disease, and that it
would be possible, by prohibiting inoculation by law and giving a free course to vaccina-
tion, altogether to stamp it out of the Province. Several Civil Surgeons have recorded
statistics of the proportion of the people coming under their observation who were found
to be inoculated, protected by having had small-pox, and vaccinated. At Nowgong Dr.
McNaught found, among 1,396 patients at the dispensary, 501 who had been inoculated,
798 who had had small-pox, and only 65 who had been vaccinated. At Silchar Dr. Partridge
found, out of 971 persons, chiefly schoolboys, 487 who had been inoculated, 242 who had
been vaccinated, 130 who had had small-pox, and 112 who were unprotected. These
observations should be continued. The large proportion at Nowgong who had had small-
pox hardly bears out Dr. Eteson's theory that the climate of the Province is hostile to the
disease. The extensive use of inoculation proved by these statistics at least shows that
the people recognise small-pox as a danger which requires to be combated. The ages of
the persons examined at Nowgong are not stated; the extensive spread of vaccination, as
shown by Statement IV. appended to the report, is a matter of very recent date, and its
effects can hardly yet be visible among adults. Dr. Eteson gives reasons for thinking
that inoculation is really giving way in Assam before vaccination, and the Chief Com-
missioner hopes that this may be the case. The religious objections, however, to
vaccination entertained by some of the Gosains of Upper Assam, and by the Mahapurushiya
sect who are numerous in Kámrúp, are still far from being removed.
By order of the Chief Commissioner of Assam,
C. J. LYALL,
Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Assam.
A. S. Press (General) No. 55—280—14-8-87
ANNUAL VACCINATION REPORT
OF THE
PROVINCE OF ASSAM
FOR THE
Season 1887-88.
BY
A. ETESON, M.D.,
DEPUTY-SURGEON-GENERAL AND SANITARY COMMISSIONER, ASSAM.
SHILLONG:
PRINTED AT THE ASSAM SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1888.
Price One Rupee.
ANNUAL VACCINATION REPORT
OF THE
PROVINCE OF ASSAM
FOR THE
Season 1887-88.
BY
A. ETESON, M.D.,
DEPUTY-SURGEON-GENERAL AND SANITARY COMMISSIONER, ASSAM,
SHILLONG:
PRINTED AT THE ASSAM SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1888.
Price One Rupee.
No. 426S,
FROM
THE DEPUTY-SURGEON-GENERAL,
EASTERN FRONTIER DISTRICT,
AND SANITARY COMMISSIONER, ASSAM,
To
THE SECRETARY TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF ASSAM.
Dated Shillong, the 16th July 1888.
SIR,
No. 28—1,579-95, Extract from the Proceedings of the
Government of India in the Home Department (Public), under
date Simla, the 15th July 1887.
IN accordance with the instructions contained in the orders of Government
quoted in the margin, I have the honour to submit
the annual statements of the progress of vaccination
in Assam during the season 1887-88, together
with brief notes illustrative of the same.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient Servant,
A. ETESON, M.D.,
Deputy-Surgeon-General, Eastern Frontier District,
and Sanitary Commissioner, Assam.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
GENERAL SUMMARY.
Modification of present Report... ... ... ...
Anticipation of material check to progress
...
...
...
Lymph-supply
...
...
...
...
...
Glass of vaccinators ... ... ... ...
Progress of Provincial vaccination ... ... ...
Vaccination according to class of operators ... ... ...
Inspections
...
...
...
...
...
Vaccination on tea-gardens
...
...
...
...
Table No. 6 omitted ... ... ... ...
Vaccination in compulsory areas under Act V. of 1880 ... ...
Inspection of licensed vaccinators work ... ... ...
General Tables
... ... ... ...
Statement No. I.
...
...
...
...
...
Statement No. I. (Continued)
...
...
...
...
Abstract of Statement No. I.
...
...
...
...
Statement No. II.
...
...
...
...
...
„ „
III.
...
...
...
...
...
„
„
IV.
...
...
...
...
...
Vaccination in Manipur
...
...
...
...
Proportion of protected among certain classes examined ... ...
District reports
...
...
...
...
...
Government of India Resolution ... ... ...
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( 7 )
office on the 18th idem. It closes (paragraph 5) with a suggestion that the religious
prejudices of certain sections of the community in Kámrúp and Upper Assam might
possibly be removed if the use of buffaloes as vaccinifers could be brought into practice.
The opinion of the department, after enquiry, was not in favour of such a change. In this
office No. 92S., dated Shillong, the 20th February 1888, I reported that no advantage
corresponding to the additional expense and uncertainty was likely to result. The objection
is less to the source of the lymph originally, than to the propagation through children of
every caste. I also pointed out that the effort to introduce vaccination into Manipur by
buffaloes has entirely failed, whereas the present year has seen human lymph accepted
for the first time. But, perhaps, the strongest objection is that in Assam bovine lymph
in any form loses its vitality very rapidly; so that Civil Surgeons' reports almost
invariably mention that supplies of it received periodically from the Bengal depôts, are of
no use at all. It would never do to substitute inefficient operations.
A. ETESON, M.D.,
Deputy-Surgeon-General, and Sanitary
Commissioner, Assam.
( 8 )
A.—VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT No. I.—Showing particulars of Vaccination in the Province of Assam during the year 1887-88.
Number.
1
1
2
Districts.
2
Goálpára ...
Kámrúp ...
Class of operators.
3
Hospital-Assistants ...............
Native Inspector ...............
Provincial vaccinators .........
Licensed „ .........
Total
Civil Surgeon ..................
Hospital-Assistants ...............
Native Inspector ...............
Provincial vaccinators .........
Municipal „ ......
Local Fund „ ......
Licensed „ ......
Total .........
Population of district according to
Census of 1881.
4
446,232
446,232
644,960
644,960
Average population per square mile.
5
114
114
117
117
Number of operators in each district
during the season.
6
5
1
1
13
20
1
2
1
4
1
10
18
37
Total number of persons vaccinated.
7
162
105
297
11,581
12,145
211
40
95
2,916
709
3,682
8,226
15,879
Average number of persons vaccinated
by each operator.
8
32.4
105
297
890.84
607.25
211
20
95
729
709
368.2
457.
429.16
Primary vaccination.
Total.
9
162
105
297
11,581
12,145
211
40
95
2,916
695
3,675
8,226
15,858
Successful.
Under 1 year.
10
23
12
108
1,410
1,553
41
4
25
549
85
450
1,195
2,349
Over 1 and under 6
years.
11
95
72
134
6,752
7,053
145
28
50
1,760
491
2,474
6,015
10,963
Total of all ages.
12
142
90
270
10,759
11,261
192
33
85
2,643
605
3,334
7,605
14,497
Re-vacci-
nation.
Total.
13
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
14
7
...
21
Successful.
14
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
10
5
...
15
Percentage
of success-
ful cases.
Primary.
15
87.65
85.71
90.91
92.04
92.72
90.99
82.50
89.47
90.63
87.05
90.72
92.45
91.42
Re-vaccination.
16
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
71.44
71.43
...
71.43
Persons successfully vaccinated per
1,000 of population.
17
25.23
25.23
22.50
22.50
Average annual number
of persons successfully
vaccinated during pre-
vious five years.
Number.
18
12,083
12,083
9,786
9,786
Ratio per
1,000.
19
27.07
27.07
15.17
15.17
Average annual number
of deaths from small-
pox during previous
five years.
Number.
20
326
326
320
320
Ratio per
1,000.
21
.73
.73
.49
.49