NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
108
Lucknow Jails. We may contrast the protein content of this sample with that
of wheat, experimented with in Benares, Naini, and Lucknow Jails.
1 oz. first quality Benares wheat contains 0.5354 grm. nitrogen 80.5 per cent. absorbed.
1 oz. „ „ Agra
„ „
0.4896
„ „
72.3
„ „
1 oz. ordinary jail wheat, Naini
„
0.4710 „
„
68.8
„ „
1 oz. average jail wheat in use
in Benares and Lucknow
„
0.4630
„ „
69.2
„ „
It would therefore appear that a relationship does exist between the
protein content of a sample and the percentage absorption from that sample.
While this may be true for samples that are fairly clean and pure, or in which
the only or chief foreign element is barley, it does not hold good for all classes
of wheat, nor where the contaminating factors are of various kinds. Thus:—
1 oz. ordinary Agra
wheat contains 0.4536 grm. nitrogen 63.3 per cent. absorbed.
1 oz.
„
Lucknow „
„
0.4360 „
„
67.5
„ „
1 oz.
„ „ „ „
0.4415 „
„
71.4
„ „
so that, though the ordinary sample of Agra wheat contains a higher per-
centage of nitrogen than either of the Lucknow samples, yet it is accompanied
by a percentage of absorption considerably lower than was found for the
Lucknow wheats.
We believe the explanation of the fact, that Agra wheat shows a fair
protein content with a poor absorption of its nitrogen while Lucknow wheat
with a lower protein content shows a higher percentage absorption of its
nitrogen, to be that in the Agra wheat contaminating elements are present,
which, though yielding a large amount of nitrogen on analysis, are incapable,
or only partially capable, of being absorbed by the intestinal tract.
The absorption shown by the other food-materials examined are all on a
lower level than in either Benares or Lucknow Jails. This is particularly
noticeable with regard to the absorption of the nitrogen of arhar dal and arhar
dal plus vegetables. The absorption from urid dal plus vegetables is also very
poor and compares very badly with that obtained for it in Naini Jail. It is
probable, however, that the poor absorption of nitrogen from urid dal is to be
accounted for, to some extent, by the excessive quantities of pulse in the diets
investigated. These diets are, however, made use of in the feeding of the
prisoners and the pulses are often given in very large quantities when bajra,
juar, or barley forms the principal of the diet. It is important, therefore, to
know how very inferior the absorption of nitrogen is from diets of the type in
which the principal source of protein is from the pulses, i.e., diets in which the
principal being poor in protein an effort is made to bring the diet up to the
supposed proper standard by increasing the quantity of pulse to an excessive
degree.
109
GENERAL SUMMARY OF WORK ON NITROGEN ABSORPTION.
We are now in a position to work out the averages of the absorption of
the nitrogen shown by the different food-stuffs investigated in these large
jails :—
Benares.
Naini.
Lucknow.
Agra.
Average
absorp-
tion.
1st quality wheat
.
.
.
80.6
. . .
. . .
. . .
80.6
„ „ „
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
72.3
72.3
Ordinary jail wheat
.
.
.
68.8
68.8
71.4
62.3
67.1
„ „ „
.
.
.
...
62.8
67.5
Arhar dal plus vegetables .
.
84.0
83.8
80.6
73.6
80.5
Gram dal .
. .
.
.
61.3
65.7
66.9
62.9
64.2
Urid dal .
.
.
.
.
. . .
69.2
. . .
. . .
69.2
Urid dal plus vegetables
.
.
...
. . .
...
54.3
54.3
Arhar dal
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
81.17
73.6
77.4
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
56.4
. . .
58.8
. . .
57.6
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
54.4
. . .
50.1
51.3
53.0
„
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
56.1
Bajra
.
.
.
.
.
49.3
49.4
. . .
. . .
49.4
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
...
...
76.3
. . .
76.3
(NOTE.—Column 5 of our table gives the average absorption of nitrogen in percentages. Urid dal plus vegetables
is probably too low, as the pulses were excessive in the diets from which this result was obtained. Arhar dal is also
too low an average for the whole province, as arhar dal shows higher results in Benares and Naini Jails. The average
for arhar dal plus vegetables is, however, sufficient.)
We have seen that the diet most commonly in use in the different jails
of the Province is—
Average value in nitrogen.
Wheat
. 11½ chittacks
.
.
.
. .
1 0 . 6 7
g r m s .
Gram
.
2½ „
.
.
.
.
.
3. 97 „
Arhar
. 1 chittack
.
.
. .
.
Vegetables . 3 chittacks
.
.
. .
. 2 . 42 „
If we make use of these averages of the percentages of nitrogen absorption for
the different constituents, it will be found that this diet shows an average level
of nitrogenous metabolism of 11.656 grms. of nitrogen per man daily. This is
practically identical with the results obtained from actual observations carried
out with Diet E of the Jail Code, as will be found under serial numbers 1 to 7
with summary. In those investigations we found the average level of nitro-
genous interchange possible from this diet to be 11.6499 grms. of nitrogen per
man daily.
110
This completes the investigations on the absorption of nitrogen of the
different food-materials entering into the dietaries of the United Provinces.
We have nothing further to add except again to point out that, wheat being the
most important element in the dietaries, the level of nitrogenous interchange
will mainly depend on the purity of the particular sample of wheat in use.
With good quality of wheat the nitrogenous absorption from dietaries in
which wheat forms the principal source of nitrogen is over 80 per cent., and
thus compares very favourably with what has been observed in European
vegetarian dietaries. When wheat is contaminated with other grains the
absorption of nitrogen necessarily falls and the level of nitrogenous interchange
is lowered.
In connection with the values we found for the co-efficient of protein
absorption for the food-materials in use in the jails of the United Provinces, the
following results obtained from digestion experiments on the Japanese 1 a r e o f
interest :—
CO-EFFICIENT OF DIGESTIBILITY.
Experiment No.
Food.
Protein.
Carbohydrate.
1
Barley, cooked
.
. 40.2 per cent. ( a)
90.9 per cent. (a)
2
Ditto
.
. 51.9
„
„
95.0 „
„
3
Ditto
.
. 48.6 „ „
94.5 „
„
114
Rolled barley, cooked
. 76.4 „ „
97.9 „
„
117
Cracked barley, cooked
. 62.2 „ „
99.4 „
„
Average
.
.
. 59.8 „ „
96.7 „
„
75
Buck wheat .
.
. 74.3 „ „
96.8 „
„
76
Ditto
.
.
. 76.3 „ „
97.2 „
„
Average
.
.
. 75.3 „ „
97.0 „
„
6
Beans, dried
.
. 61.8 „ „
81.4 „
„
7
Ditto
.
. 69.1. „ „
89.9
„
„
Average
. .
. 65.5 „ „
85.7 „
„
Average for vegetables
.
. 72.3 „ „
88.0 „
„
(a) Accuracy uncertain and not included in average.
The averages of these values for protein absorption are very similar to
what we have found for similar food-materials in India.
1 A Digest of Japanese Investigations on the Nutrition of Men. By Kintaro Oshima. U. S. Dept.
of Agr. Bull. No. 159.
111
The following figures for the digestibility of legumes obtained in America 1
are also of interest:—
CO-EFFICIENT OF DIGESTIBILITY.
Average of
Experiments.
Food.
Protein.
Carbohydrates.
8
Kidney beans
.
. 77 per cent.
94 per cent.
6
White „
.
. 78
„ „
96 „
„
12
Whippoorwill peas .
. 70 „
„
87 „
„
9
Clay peas
.
.
. 74 „
„
88 „
„
14
Lady peas
.
.
. 83
„ „
95 „
„
In all cases the legumes were cooked in the same way, hence the results
with the different legumes are directly comparable.
The co-efficients of protein absorption for the different legumes of America
are not very dissimilar to what we have found for the pulses in the jail diet-
aries of the United Provinces.
1 Studies on the Digestibility and Nutritive Value of Legumes. By Charles Wait. U. S. Dept. of Agr.
Bull.187.
CHAPTER V.
The Determination of the Co-efficients of Absorption of the Carbohy-
drates offered in the Food-Stuffs entering into the Jail Dietaries
of the United Provinces.
So far in these researches we have dealt entirely with the absorption of
protein, hardly mentioning the carbohydrates and fats. Protein is admittedly
of pre-eminent importance in a diet ; as it is from protein alone that the
nitrogenous tissues of the body are built up and repaired, the protein of a diet
cannot, therefore, be replaced by any other aliment. The dietaries of the jails
of the United Provinces, being entirely derived from the vegetable kingdom, are
not likely to be deficient in carbon if the nitrogenous principles are present in
sufficient amount. Reference to our analyses of the several dietaries in force
will show that the carbohydrates, offered the prisoners in the jails of the United
Provinces, are well in excess of the quantities generally accepted as sufficient for
Europeans of a much greater body-weight than attained by the average native
of the United Provinces. So that, the carbohydrates per kilo of body-weight
offered in the jail dietaries of the United Provinces are very much greater than
are to be found in even Moleschott's or any of the standard dietaries framed for
Europeans. We shall have something to say with regard to this peculiarity of
these jail dietaries when discussing their suitability, at present our enquiry is
directed to the absorption of carbohydrates possible from dietaries of this type.
When discussing the carbohydrates of the Bengal jail dietaries,¹ we point-
ed out " that abundant experimental evidence had accumulated to show that
the nutritive values of fat and carbohydrates are practically proportional to the
amount of energy they furnish ; consequently it was only important that the
quantity of either or both be such that their total energy, when added to that
of the protein of the diet, shall supply the amount required by the body. The
maximum amount of energy that can be obtained by the body is not the total
potential energy of the food consumed, since the potential energy of the corres-
ponding fæces must be deducted. Furthermore, the body is not capable of
completely oxidising the absorbed protein, the incompletely oxidised products
being excreted in the urine, and the energy eliminated in this way must also
be deducted. The net or actual energy-value of the food to the body is the
total potential energy minus that of the corresponding urine and fæces.²"
In dealing, however, with the vegetarian dietaries in force in Indian jails
another factor has to be considered with regard to the energy or fuel value
of a diet : this factor is the excessive fermentative processes taking place in the
¹ S c i e n t i f i c M e m o i r s , N o . 3 7 .
² The nutritive requirements of the body. Benedict, Am. Jour. of Physiology, Vol. XVI, No. IV.
113
digestive tract, which constitutes an important source of loss of potential
energy of the diets, through the conversion of sugar or starch into carbon
dioxide, methane, hydrogen, acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, etc., and
other fermentative products of low caloric value. We brought forward
evidence to show that this was, in all probability, a serious source of loss
of the total potential energy of the Bengal diet and would account for the seem-
ingly high percentage of carbohydrate absorption shown by Bengali prisoners.
We did not carry out many observations on the absorption of carbohydrates
from Bengal Jail dietaries, but those that were made pointed undoubtedly to a
very trifling elimination of carbohydrates in the fæces.
We have entered into this subject in more detail in our observations on
the jail dietaries of the United Provinces, and have again found that the
carbohydrates of the fæces form a very small proportion of the total carbohy-
drates intake. Whether this means an actual high percentage of carbohydrate
absorption, or only an apparently high percentage of absorption, from the break-
ing up of starch and sugars by intestinal fermentation into products of little
value, is an open question. In our opinion the inhabitant of the United
Provinces does not exhibit signs and symptoms of gastro-intestinal fermenta-
tion to anything like the same extent as met with in the Bengali. The fæces
while often soft and voluminous are usually well-formed and seldom so light
in colour as in the Bengali.
Colic, diarrhœa, gastro-intestinal catarrh and particularly dysentery are
not nearly so prevalent in the jails of the United Provinces as in Bengal Jails.
However, there can be little doubt but that a good deal more fermentation does
take place than would be normally the case if the dietaries conformed more to
the carbohydrate standard of Europe.
We shall now proceed to give an account of the work done on the absorp-
tion of carbohydrates exhibited by the prisoners of the jails of the United
Provinces. As Diet E of the Jail Code is the only one used practically all over
the Province, we estimated the carbohydrate absorption from this diet.
1.—The average amount of Carbohydrates absorbed from the Jail Dietaries
of the United Provinces.
Diet E.
Wheat .
.
.
.
.
.
1 1 ½ chittacks or 23 ozs. roughly.
Gram dal
.
.
.
. .
2½
,,
„ 5 „
,,
Arhar .
.
.
. .
. 1 chittack „ 2 „
„
Vegetables
.
.
. .
. 3 chittacks „ 6 „
„
114
I.— AGRA CENTRAL JAIL. BATCH A.
SERIAL NO. 97.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
Total amount
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of Wheat.
Carbohydrates
of Gram.
Carbohydrates
of Arhar.
Carbohydrates
of Vegetables.
lbs.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
18th March 1910
.
7.25
63
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
19th March 1910
.
8.00
113
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
20th March 1910
.
9.50
183
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
21st March 1910
.
9.50
162
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
22nd March 1910
.
7.12
47
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
23rd March 1910
.
6.20
81
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
24th March 1910
.
9.50
131
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
25th March 1910
.
3.38
46
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
Average intake of carbohydrates
Average output of carbohydrates
per man daily
.
. 614.68 grms.
in fæces per man daily .
.
. 23.6 grms.
Carbohydrates absorbed — 591.08 grms. = 96.2 per cent. of the carbohydrates of the diet.
II.—LUCKNOW CENTRAL JAIL. BATCH B.
SERIAL NO. 98.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Total amount
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of Wheat.
Carbohydrates
of Gram.
Carbohydrates
of Arhar.
Carbohydrates
of Vegetables.
ozs.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
17th March 1910
.
94.00
110
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
18th March 1910
.
97.50
97
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
19th March 1910
.
117.00
83
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
20th March 1910
.
119.00
146
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
21st March 1910
.
93.50
41
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
22nd March 1910
.
43.00
30
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
Average intake of carbohydrates
Average output of carbohydrates
per man daily
.
.
. 614.68 grms.
in fæces per man daily .
.
. 20.28 grms.
Carbohydrates absorbed — 594.40 grms. = 96.7 per cent. of the carbohydrates of the diet.
115
Therefore, accepting the average value of Diet E in carbohydrate to be
614.68 grms., the average absorption is 592.74 grms., or 96.4 per cent.
It will be evident from these results that the loss of sugar-forming
substances in the fæces is very small compared with what was found to be the
waste of protein materials. The absorption of protein exhibited by these same
batches of prisoners on the same diets was 64.7 per cent. and 69.1 per cent.
respectively. It would therefore appear that the carbohydrates of the diet are
very much better absorbed than the protein ; however, it has been already
pointed out that while only a trifling amount of sugar-forming materials may
be passed in the fæces, this is no proof that the absorption of carbohydrates is
as high as it seems to be, as fermentation in the bowel may break up a
considerable amount of the carbohydrates into bodies from which sugar cannot
be obtained by hydrolysis. That is, carbohydrates may disappear in the bowel
without either being absorbed as sugar or passed out in the fæces as sugar-
forming material, while protein, on the other hand, is incapable of being so
dissipated. Protein can neither be lost nor manufactured in the bowel by
putrefaction of the intestinal contents ; so that, we have in the estimation of
the protein of the fæces a true measure of the loss of protein to the system,
while the estimation of the carbohydrates of the fæces may not be any index
of the extent of carbohydrate absorption.
However, with this reservation as to the true interpretation of the results,
we may say that apparently a very high percentage absorption — 96.4— is
shown by the carbohydrate element of the most commonly used diet of the
jails of the United Provinces.
II.—The Co-efficient of Absorption of the Carbohydrates of Wheat.
We have learned from Serial No. 97 that a diet composed of—
Wheat .
.
.
. 11½ chittacks
484.48 grms. carbohydrate.
Gram
.
.
.
.
2 ½ „
73.39
„
„
Arhar
.
.
.
.
1 chittack
31.31 „
„
Vegetables
.
.
.
3 chittacks
25.50 „
„
shows 591.08 grms. carbohydrates absorbed.
Now increase the quantity of wheat to 13½ chittacks, and decrease it to
10 chittacks and note results. Thus:—
AGRA JAIL.
SERIAL NO. 99.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
Wheat
.
. .
.
.
.
. .
. 13½ chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 ½ „
Arhar
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
3 chittacks.
Q 2
116
Total amount
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of Wheat.
Carbohydrates
of Gram.
Carbohydrates
of Arhar.
Carbohydrates
of Vegetables.
lbs.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
18th March 1910
.
6.06
96
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
19th March 1910
.
10.80
115
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
20th March 1910
.
11.40
88
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
21st March 1910
.
7.95
72
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
22nd March 1910
.
8.56
130
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
23rd March 1910
.
10.10
166
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
24th March 1910
.
9.06
1 8 4
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
25th March 1910
.
3.53
8 4
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
Average intake of carbohydrates
Average output of carbohydrates
per man daily
.
. 699.06 grms.
in fæces per man daily .
.
. 26.7 grms.
Carbohydrate absorption — 672.36 grms. = 96.2 per cent. of the carbohydrates of the diet.
SERIAL No. 100.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 10 chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2½ „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Total amount
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of Wheat.
Carbohydrates
of Gram.
Carbohydrates
of Arhar.
Carbohydrates
of Vegetables.
lbs.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
18th March 1910
.
6.40
133
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
19th March 1910
.
6.50
63
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
20th March 1910
.
5.60
64
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
21st March 1910
.
6.70
94
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
22nd March 1910
.
5.12
63
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
23rd March 1910
.
8.16
192
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
24th March 1910
.
5.34
125
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
25th March 1910
.
3.60
22
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
Average intake of carbohydrates
Average output of carbohydrates
per man daily
.
.
. 551.59 grms.
in fæces per man daily .
.
. 21.6 grms.
Carbohydrates absorbed — 529.98 grms. = 96 per cent. of the carbohydrates of the diet.
117
SERIAL NO. 101.
By taking the observations, Nos. 97, 99 and 100 in pairs, we can obtain
figures giving the percentage absorption of the carbohydrates of wheat.
Thus (a) From Nos. 97 and 99 we see that a difference of 2 chittacks of
wheat, or 84.38 grms. of carbohydrates, causes a decrease of
672.36—591.08 grms. = 81.28 grms. in absorption.
Therefore, the carbohydrate of wheat shows 96.3 per cent. absorbed.
(b) From Nos. 97 and 100 we see that a difference of 1½ chittacks of
wheat, or 63.1 grms. carbohydrate, causes a decrease of 591.08
— 529.98 grms. = 61.10 grms. in absorption.
Therefore, the carbohydrate of wheat shows 96.8 per cent. absorbed.
(c) From Nos. 99 and 100 we learn that a difference of 3½ chittacks of
wheat, or 147.48 grms. carbohydrates, causes a decrease of
672.36 — 529.98 grms. = 142.38 grms. in absorption.
Therefore, the carbohydrate of wheat shows 96.5 per cent. absorbed.
Averaging these results we may accept the co-efficient of the absorption
of the carbohydrates of wheat to be 96.5 per cent.
III.—The Co-efficient of Absorption of the Carbohydrates of Gram Dal.
We know from No. 97 that a diet composed of—
Wheat
. 11½ chittacks
484.48 grms. carbohydrate. shows 591.08 grms.
carbohydrates
absorbed.
Gram
. 2½ „
73.39 „
„
Arhar
. 1 chittack
31.31 „
„
Vegetables . 3 chittacks
25.50 „
„
Now decrease the quantity of gram and note the effect. Thus :—
SERIAL NO. 102.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
Wheat .
.
. .
.
. . .
. 11½ chittacks.
Gram .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 ½ „
Arhar
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 c h i t t a c k .
Vegetables
.
. .
. .
.
.
. 3 chittacks
118
Total amount
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of Wheat.
Carbohydrates
of Gram.
Carbohydrates
of Arhar.
Carbohydrates
of Vegetables.
lbs.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
18th March 1910
.
5.35
81
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
19th March 1910
.
8.01
124
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
20th March 1910
.
7.25
112
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
21st March 1910
.
9.44
159
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
22nd March 1910
.
4.53
58
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
23rd March 1910
.
8.83
106
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
24th March 1910
.
6.25
80
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
25th March 1910
.
4.40
83
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
Average intake of carbohydrates
Average output of carbohydrates
per man daily
.
.
. 585.32 grms.
in fæces per man daily
.
. 22 . 94 grms.
Carbohydrates absorbed — 562.38 grms. =96 per cent. of the carbohydrates of the diet.
Now by taking this result with that of No. 97, we see that a difference
of 1 chittack of gram dal, or 29 . 36 grms. of carbohydrate, causes a difference
of 28.70 grms. absorbed.
i.e., 591 . 08 — 562 . 38 = 28.70 grms. in absorption.
Therefore, the carbohydrate of gram dal shows 97 . 7 per cent. absorbed.
IV.—The Co-efficient of Absorption of the Carbohydrates of Arhar Dal plus
Vegetables.
SERIAL Nos. 103.
Having found the co-efficient of carbohydrate absorption of wheat to be
96.50 per cent., and the co-efficient of carbohydrate absorption of gram to be
97 . 7 per cent., by substituting these values in any or all of the observations
Nos. 97, 98, 99, 100 and 102 we get the value of the co-efficient of carbohydrate
absorption of arhar dal plus vegetables.
SERIAL NUMBERS.
Carbohydrates
of Wheat.
Carbohydrates
of Gram.
Carbohydrates
of Arhar.
Carbohydrates
of Vegetables.
Absorbed.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
97
.
.
.
.
.
.
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
591.08
98
.
.
.
.
.
.
484.48
73.39
31.31
25.50
594.40
90 .
.
.
.
.
.
568.86
73.39
31.31
25.50
672.36
100 .
.
.
.
.
.
421.38
73.39
31.31
25.50
529.98
102 .
.
.
.
. .
484.48
44.03
31.31
25.50
562.38
TOTAL
.
2,443.68
337.59
156.55
127.50
2,950.20
i.e., 2,443.68 × 96.5+337.59 ×97.7 +. 284.05 (arhar+vegetables)=2,950.20 grms.
Therefore, 2,358.15+329 .82+284 .05 (arhar + v egetables)= 2,950.20 grms.
119
Therefore, 284.05 (arhar+vegetables)=2,950.20—2,687.97 grms.=262.23
grms.
Therefore, the carbohydrates of arhar dal plus vegetables show 92.3 per
cent. absorption.
LUCKNOW JAIL.
V.—The Co-efficient of Absorption of the Carbohydrates of Arhar Dal.
SERIAL NO. 104.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 11½ chittacks.
Arhar .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 „
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 „
Total amount
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of fæces.
Carbohydrates
of Wheat.
Carbohydrates
of Arhar.
Carbohydrates
of Vegetables.
ozs.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
10th March 1910
. .
.
.
72.00
73
484.48
62.62
25.50
11th March 1910
. .
.
.
71.00
97
484.48
62.62
25.50
12th March 1910
. .
.
.
92.50
84
484.48
62.62
25.50
13th March 1910
. .
.
.
76.50
40
484.48
62.62
25.50
14th March 1910
. .
.
.
95.00
86
484.48
62.62
25.50
15th March 1910
. .
.
.
31.00
20
484.48
62.62
25.50
Average intake of carbohydrates
Average output of carbohydrates
per man daily
.
.
. 572.60 grms.
in fæces per man daily .
. 16.00 grms.
Carbohydrates absorbed — 556.60 grms.—97.2 per cent. of the carbohydrates of the diet.
SERIAL NO. 105.
Four prisoners under observation for five days.
Wheat
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. . 11½ chittacks
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 „
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 „