NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
83
shows 12.5491 grms. absorbed. Thus :—
Total amount
of fæces.
ozs.
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
vegetables.
17th March 1910 .
.
.
.
45.50
8.77
10.1545
6.0576
0.5
18th March 1910 .
.
.
.
60.50
14.36
10.1545
6.0576
0.5
19th March 1910 .
.
.
.
75.00
18.50
10.1545
6.0576
0.5
20th March 1910 .
.
.
.
58.00
12.83
10.1545
6.0576
0.5
21st March 1910 .
. .
.
80.20
20.83
10.1545
6.0576
0.5
22nd March 1910
. .
.
24.35
7.97
10.1545
6.0576
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
.
. 16.7121 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 4.163 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—12.5491 grms. = 75.1 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
Therefore, a difference of 1 chittack of arhar dal, or 2.0192 grms. nitrogen,
causes a difference of 12.5491—10.9101 grms. nitrogen absorbed.
i.e., 2.0192 grms. nitrogen of arhar dal shows 1.6390 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of arhar dal shows 81.17 per cent. absorbed.
(3) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Arhar Dal plus Vegetables.
SERIAL No. 67.
If we substitute the value found for the absorption of the nitrogen of
wheat in each of the observations, Nos. 63, 64 and 66, we obtain the percentage
absorption of the nitrogen of arhar dal plus vegetables. Thus :—
(a) No. 63. . Wheat
11½ chittacks . 10.1545 grms. nitrogen
shows 10.9101
grms. absorbed.
Arhar
2
„
.
4.0384 „
,,
Vegetables 3
„
. 0.50
„
„
i.e., 10.1545 × 71.4 + 4.5384 grms. nitrogen (arhar + vegetables) =
10.9101 grms.
Therefore, 4.5384 grms. nitrogen (arhar+ vegetables) = 10.9101— 7.2503
= 3.6598 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of arhar dal plus vegetables shows 80.6 per cent.
absorbed.
(b) No. 64. . Wheat
14 chittacks
. 12.362 grms. nitrogen
shows 12.4864
grms. absorbed.
Arhar
2
„
. 4.0384
„
„
Vegetables 3
„
. 0.50
„
„
i.e., 12.362 × 71.4 + 4.5384 grms. nitrogen of (arhar + vegetables)
=12.4864 grms.
84
Therefore, 4.5384 grms. nitrogen :(arhar+ vegetables) =12.4864 —8.8274
=3.6590 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of arhar plus vegetables shows 80.6 per cent.
absorbed.
(c) No. 66. . Wheat 11½ chittacks . 10.1545 grms. nitrogen shows 12.5491
grms. absorbed.
Arhar 3 „
. 6.0576 „ „
Vegetables 3 „
. 0.50 „ „
i.e., 10.1545 × 71.4+6.5576 grms. nitrogen (arhar+ vegetables) =12.5491
grms.
Therefore, 6.5576 grms. nitrogen (arhar + vegetables) = 12.5491 —7.2503
= 5.2988 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of (arhar + vegetables) shows 80.8 per cent.
absorbed.
(4) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Vegetables.
In all our observations the vegetables were kept constant in quantity and
in quality throughout the series. The estimated intake of nitrogen derived
from vegetables averaged 0.5 grm. This quantity, however, varied slightly
above or below this figure with the type of vegetables available at the time of
the experiments. In Lucknow Jail we determined the amount of nitrogen
absorbed per man daily from 3 chittacks of green vegetables.
SERIAL NO. 68.
We have found 71.4 represents the percentage absorption of nitrogen of
wheat, and 81.17 represents the percentage absorption of nitrogen of arhar.
Therefore, by substituting these values in each of the observations Nos. 63, 64
and 66 we obtain the amount of nitrogen derived from vegetables.
( a) Thus, No. 63—
Wheat
.
1 1 ½ c h i t t a c k s . 10.1545 grms. nitrogen
shows 10.9101 grms.
absorbed.
Arhar
. 2 „
. 4.0384 „ „
Vegetables . 3 „
. 0.50 „ „
i.e., 1 0 . 1 5 4 5 × 7 1 . 4 + 4 . 0 3 8 4 × 8 1 . 1 7 + 0 . 5 g r m s . v e g e t a b l e s = 1 0 . 9 1 0 1
grms. Therefore, 0.5 grm. nitrogen of vegetables shows 10.9101 — 10.5283=
0.3818 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of vegetables shows 76.3 per cent. absorbed.
85
(b) No. 64—
Wheat
. 14 chittacks . 12. 362 grms. nitrogen
shows 12 . 4864 grms.
absorbed
.
Arhar
.
2
„
.
4. 0384 „
„
Vegetables
.
3
„
.
0 . 50 „
„
i.e., 12 . 362 × 71 . 4 + 4.0384 × 81 . 17 + 0.5 grm. vegetables = 12.4864
grms. Therefore, 0 . 5 grm. nitrogen of vegetables shows 12.4864—12.1044=
0 . 3820 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of vegetables shows 76.4 per cent. absorbed.
(c) No. 66—
Wheat
. 11½ chittacks
. 10. 1545 grms. nitrogen
shows 12 . 5491 grms.
absorbed.
Arhar
.
3
„
.
6.0576
„
„
Vegetables .
3
„
.
0.50
„
„
i.e., 10 . 1545 × 71.4 + 6 . 0576 × 81 . 17 + 0 . 5 grm. nitrogen of vegetables =
12.5491 grms. Therefore, 0 . 5 grm. nitrogen of vegetables=12.5491—12.1672
=0. 3619 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of vegetables shows 76 . 3 per cent. absorbed.
(5) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Gram Dal.
Four prisoners under observation for six days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1 ½ chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3½
„
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
„
Total amount
of fæces.
ozs.
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
2nd March 1910
.
.
.
89.00
16.33
10.1545
5.8758
0.5
3rd March 1910
.
.
.
85.00
17.67
10.1545
5.8758
0.5
4th March 1910
.
.
.
96.50
18.41
10.1545
5.8758
0.5
5th March 1910
.
.
.
113.50
22.53
10.1545
5.8758
0.5
6th March 1910
. .
.
62.5
14.71
10.1545
5.8758
0.5
7th March 1910
.
.
.
95.5
21.14
10.1545
5.8758
0.5
8th March 1910
.
.
.
32.5
8.54
10.1545
5.8758
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
.
. 16.5303 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 4.9271 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—11.5582 grms.=69.9 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
86
Now by introducing the values found for the absorption of the nitrogen of
wheat and vegetables we obtain the percentage of the nitrogen of gram ab-
sorbed. Thus :—
10.1545 ×71.4+5.8758 grms. nitrogen of gram + 0.5 × 76.3 = 11.5582
grms. Therefore, 5.8758 grms. nitrogen of gram = 11.5582—7.6318 grms.=
3.9264 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of grain shows 66.8 per cent. absorbed.
SERIAL No. 70. BATCH B.
Five prisoners under observation for six days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
11½ chittacks.
Gram
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
„
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3
„
Total amount
of fæces.
ozs.
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
vegetables.
2nd March 1910
.
.
.
55.50
10.71
10.1545
3.3576
0.5
3rd March 1910
.
.
.
75.50
21.53
10.1545
3.3576
0.5
4th March 1910
.
.
.
65.50
20.47
10.1545
3.3576
0.5
5th March 1910
.
.
.
97.50
23.91
10.1545
3.3576
0.5
6th March 1910
.
.
.
81.50
21.88
10.1545
3.3576
0.5
7th March 1910
.
.
.
76.50
17.35
10.1545
3.3576
0.5
8th March 1910
.
.
.
25.50
9.29
10.1545
3.3576
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 14.0121 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 4.1713 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9 .8408 grms.=70.2 per cent of nitrogen of diet.
By introducing as in No. 69 the values for the absorption of the nitrogen
of wheat and vegetables we obtain the percentage of the nitrogen of gram
absorbed. Thus :—
10.1545 × 71.4 + 3.3576 grms. nitrogen of gram + 0.5 × 76.3 = 9.8408
grms.
Therefore, 3.3576 grms. nitrogen of gram = 9.8408—7.6318 = 2.2090
grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of gram shows 65.7 per cent. absorbed.
SERIAL No. 71.
By taking these two last observations, Nos. 69 and 70, together we find
that a difference of 1½ chittacks of gram, or 2.5182 grms. nitrogen, causes a
difference of 11.5582—9.8408 grms. = 1.7174 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of gram shows 68.2 per cent. absorbed.
87
(6) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of a different Wheat.
SERIAL NO. 72.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Wheat .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. 11½ chi t t acks.
Gram .
.
.
. .
.
. .
. 2 ½ „
Arhar .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Total amount
of fæces.
ozs.
Total
nitrogen
of fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
17th March 1910 . 94.00
20.52
10.028
4 . 1 9 7
1.9184
0.5
18th March 1910 . 97.50
21.76
10.028
4.197
1.9184
0.5
19th March 1910 . 117.00
26.87
10.028
4.197
1. 9184
0.5
20th March 1910
. 119.00
24. 63
10.028
4.197
1 9184
0.5
21st March 1910 . 93.50
21.41
10.028
4.197
1. 9184
0.5
22nd March 1910 . 43.00
14.39
10.028
4.197
1.9184
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
. . . 16.6434 grms.
fæces per man daily . . 5.1432 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—11.5002 grms. =69.1 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
Now by introducing our known factors for the absorption of the nitrogen
of gram, arhar and vegetables, we obtain the percentage absorption of the
nitrogen from this sample of wheat. Thus:—
10.028 grms. nitrogen of wheat +4.197 × 66.8+1.9184 × 81.17+0.5 ×
76.3=11.5002 grms.
Therefore, 10.028 grms. nitrogen of wheat=11.5002—4.7424 grms.=
6.7596 grms.
Therefore, this sample of wheat shows 67.5 per cent. of its nitrogen
absorbed.
(7) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Barley.
SERIAL NO. 73. BATCH C.
Five prisoners under observation for six days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 1 „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
88
Total amount
of fæces.
ozs.
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Barley.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
2nd March 1910
.
.
71.50
17.84
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
3rd March 1910 .
.
114.50
26.20
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
4th March 1910 .
.
104.00
22.90
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
5th March 1910 .
.
87.50
23.20
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
6th March 1910 .
.
108.50
30.77
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
7th March 1910 .
.
94.50
23.37
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
8th March 1910 .
.
29.00
12.27
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
.
. 14.8462 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 5.2183 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9.6279 grms.= 64.8 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
By introducing the known values for the absorption of wheat, arhar and
vegetables, we can obtain the percentage of the absorption of the nitrogen of
barley. Thus:—
2 . 649 × 71.4+9 . 678 grms. nitrogen of barley+ 2 . 5192 × 80 . 6=9.6279 grms.
Therefore, 9.678 grms. nitrogen of barley=9.6279—3 . 9217 grms.=5.7062
grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of barley shows 58.9 per cent. absorbed.
SERIAL NO. 74. BATCH C.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8 chittacks.
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 5 „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Total amount
of fæces.
o z s .
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Barley.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
10th March 1910 .
79.50
18.23
7.064
4.39
2.0192
0.5
11th March 1910
.
81.00
19.70
7.064
4.39
2.0192
0.5
12th March 1910
.
104.50
23.00
7.064
4.39
2.0192
0.5
13th March 1910
.
62.20
14.90
7.064
4.39
2.0192
0.5
14th March 1910
.
98.00
23.75
7.064
4.39
2.0192
0.5
15th March 1910
.
22.50
8.67
7.064
4.39
2.0192
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
.
. 13.9732 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 4.330 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9.6432 grms.=69.0 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
89
By introducing the same factors as in No. 73 for the values of the absorp-
tion of the nitrogen of wheat, arhar and. vegetables, we can obtain the per-
centage of the nitrogen of barley absorbed. Thus:—
7.064 × 71.4+4.39 grms. nitrogen of barley +2.5192 × 80.6=9.6432
grms.
Therefore, 4.39 grms. nitrogen of barley shows 9.6432—7.0740 grms.=
2.5692 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of barley shows 58.5 per cent. absorbed.
SERIAL NO. 75. BATCH D.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 8 chittacks.
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6 „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Total amount
of fæces.
o z s .
Total
Nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Barley.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
10th March 1910
.
72.50
14.70
7.064
5.268
2.0192
0.5
11th March 1910
.
107.50
23.78
7.064
5.268
2.0192
0.5
12th March 1910
.
105.50
23.85
7.064
5.268
2.0192
0 . 5
13th March 1910
.
112.50
25.67
7.064
5.268
2.0192
0.5
14th March 1910
.
120.50
20.08
7.064
5.268
2.0192
0.5
15th March 1910
.
30.00
8.50
7.064
5.268
2.0192
0 . 5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
.
. 1 4 . 8 5 1 2 g r ms .
fæces per man daily .
. 4.6624 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—10.1888 grms.=68.6 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
By introducing the same factors as in Nos. 73 and 74 for the value of the
absorption of the nitrogen of wheat, arhar dal and vegetables, we can obtain
the percentage of the nitrogen of barley absorbed. Thus:—
7.064 × 71.4+5.268 grms. nitrogen of barley+2.5192 × 80.6=10.1888
grms.
Therefore, 5.268 grms. nitrogen of barley =10.1888—7.0740 grms.=3.1148
grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of barley shows 59.1 per cent. absorbed.
N
90
( 8 ) T h e A b s o r p t i o n o f t h e N i t r o g e n o f J u a r .
SERIAL No. 76.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Wheat
. .
.
.
. .
.
. .
6 chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
„
Arhar .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
„
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
,,
Total amount
of fæces.
ozs.
Total
Nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Juar.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
17th March 1910 .
69.50
19.97
5.298
5.208
4.0384
0.5
18th March 1910 .
83.50
24.15
5.298
5.208
4.0384
0.5
19th March 1910 .
67.00
20.52
5.298
5.208
4.0384
0.5
20th March 1910
.
75.00
21.51
5.298
5.208
4.0384
0.5
21st March 1910 .
75.00
24.66
5.298
5.208
4.0384
0.5
22nd March 1910 .
29.50
14.05
5.298
5.208
4.0384
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 15.0444 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 4.9944 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—10.05 grms. = 66.8 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
By introducing the figures obtained for the absorption of the nitrogen of
wheat, arhar and vegetables, we can find the percentage of the nitrogen of juar
absorbed. Thus:—
5 . 2 9 8 × 7 1 . 4 + 5 . 2 0 8 g r m s . n i t r o g e n o f j u a r + 4 . 5 3 8 4 × 8 0 . 8 = 1 0 . 0 5 g r m s .
Therefore, 5.208 grms. nitrogen of juar=10.05—7.4407 grms.=2.6093
grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of juar shows 50.1 per cent. absorbed.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OBTAINED IN LUCKNOW JAIL.
(1) The co-efficient of the absorption of ordinary jail wheat —
From Nos. 63, 64 and 65, the absorption works out to be 71.4 per cent.
(2) The absorption of the nitrogen of arhar dal
—
From Nos. 63 and 66, the absorption works out to be 81.17 per cent.
(3) The absorption of the nitrogen of arhar dal plus vegetables —
From Nos. 63, 64 and 66, the absorption works out to be 80.6 per cent.
(4) The absorption of the nitrogen of vegetables
—
From Nos. 63, 64 and 66, the absorption works out to be 76.3 per cent.
91
(5) The absorption of the nitrogen of gram dal—
From No. 69, the absorption works out to be 66.8 per cent.
„
70 „
„
„
„
65.7 „ „
„ 71 „
„
„
„
68.2 „ „
(6) The absorption of the nitrogen of another sample of wheat—
From No. 72, the absorption works out to be 67.5 per cent.
(7) The absorption of the nitrogen of barley—
From No. 73, the absorption works out to be 58.9 per cent.
„ 74 „
„
„
„
58.5 „ „
„ 75 „
„
„
„
59.1 „ „
(8) The absorption of the nitrogen of juar
—
From No. 76, the absorption works out to be 50.1 per cent.
Therefore, for all practical purposes the percentages of the absorption of
the nitrogen of the food-stuffs investigated in Lucknow Central Jail are:—
1. Ordinary jail wheat, 1st sample .
.
.
.
71.4 per cent.
2. „ „ „ 2nd „
.
.
.
. 67.5
„
3. Arhar dal
.
.
. .
.
.
. 81.17 „
4. Arhar dal plus vegetables
.
.
. .
.
80.6
„
5. Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 76.3 „
6. Gram dal
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
66.9 „
7. Barley
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
58.8 „
8. Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
50.1 „
Contrasting these results with the percentages of the absorption of nitro-
gen found for the food-stuffs in use in Benares Jail, it will be evident that, with
the exception of barley and gram, the percentages absorbed are on a lower level.
The outstanding difference is met with in contrasting the absorption of the
nitrogen of the first quality of wheat in Benares Jail and the average sample
in use in Lucknow.
First quality wheat of Benares gave 80.5 per cent. absorption, while the best
we obtained for Lucknow only showed 71.4 per cent. absorption. The absorp-
tion of nitrogen from the inferior qualities of wheat works out to be much the
same in the two jails, viz., 68.8 per cent. in Benares Jail and 67.5 per cent. in
Lucknow.
There is little doubt but that the high level of nitrogen absorption ob-
tained for first class wheat is intimately connected with the high protein
content of the sample.
1 oz. of first class Benares wheat contains 0.5354 grm. nitrogen.
1 oz. of the average sample of wheat in use in Benares and Lucknow
Jails contains 0.4630 grm. nitrogen.
N 2
92
The first class wheat shows 80.5 per cent. of its nitrogen absorbed, while
the average ordinary jail wheat, in use in Lucknow and Benares only shows
69.2 per cent. absorbed. As has already been pointed out, there appears to be
always an admixture of other cereals, and particularly barley, in even the best
samples of wheat obtained. In the poorer samples of wheat all manner of
grains are to be found, more especially barley, gram, maize, etc. : some of them
will tend to raise the protein content of the sample while decreasing the relative
absorption, while some will tend to lower the protein content and decrease the
relative absorption at the same time. This being the case the percentage of
protein shown by a sample may be no measure of the percentage of nitrogen
absorbed from that sample. In the majority of fairly clean samples, however,
the contamination is mainly due to barley, the greater portion of the other
grains being got rid of during the cleaning process, so that the tendency is
for a fall in protein content to be accompanied by a fall in the percentage of
nitrogen absorbed.
With regard to the higher figures obtained for the absorption of the
nitrogen of barley and gram dal in Lucknow Jail and in Benares the chemical
analyses throws some light. Thus : —
1 oz. gram, Lucknow, contains 0.9401 grm. nitrogen 66.9 per cent. absorption.
1 „ „ Benares,
„
0.8222 „
„ 61.3
„
„
1 „ barley, Lucknow,
„
0.4390 „ „ 58.8
„
„
1 „ „ Benares,
„
0.3725 „ „ 56.4
„
„
Any admixture of gram dal will usually be with another pulse, which
will have the effect of raising the protein content of the sample and increasing
the percentage of nitrogen absorbed. The reason of this is that gram contains
the lowest percentage of protein and is the most difficult of absorption of all
the pulses : so that, any admixture with another pulse will tend to increase
both. With regard to barley the commonest foreign element seen is wheat
which will have a tendency to raise both the protein content and the relative
absorption. While this it true in a general way, it will be easily understood
that foreign grains may be present in samples of any of the food-stuffs which
may increase the percentage of protein shown by the sample and yet decrease
considerably the value of the sample, so far as the absorption of protein is
concerned.
Arhar dal and vegetables with 80.6 per cent. absorption, Lucknow, and
juar with 50.1 per cent. absorption, Lucknow, are lower than was found for the
absorption of the nitrogen of these food-materials in Benares Jail.
As the food-materials worked with in Benares Jail were selected and
fairly pure, the results obtained in that jail may be accepted as the standard
93
of what good class food-stuffs should be and the nitrogen absorption they
should show. We present these results in tabular form and give the corre-
sponding results for Lucknow food-stuffs :—
Food-materials.
Benares Jail.
Lucknow Jail.
First quality wheat
.
.
.
80.5 per cent.
. . .
Ordinary jail wheat
.
.
. 68.8 „ „
71.4 per cent.
„
„
„
.
.
.
...
67.5 „ „
Gram dal
.
.
.
.
. 61.3 per cent.
66.9 „ „
Arhar dal plus vegetables
.
.
84.0 „
„
80.6 „ „
Arhar dal
.
.
.
.
.
...
81.17 „ „
Juar
.
.
.
.
. 54.4 per cent.
50.1 „ „
Barley
.
.
.
.
. 56.4 „
„
58.8 „
„
Bajra .
.
.
.
.
. 49.3
„
„
. . .
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
...
76.3 per cent.
D.—AGRA CENTRAL JAIL.
We now come to the consideration of the work carried out in Agra Jail.
Here it was found to be practically impossible to obtain pure samples of wheat,
even the best obtainable being only slightly superior to the ordinary wheat in
use in Benares Jail. On analysis, however, it gave a slightly higher protein
content than the wheat in ordinary use in Lucknow Jail.
1 oz. 1st class Benares wheat contains
.
. 0.5354 grms. nitrogen.
„ Ordinary „
„
„
.
. 0.4858 „
„
„
1st class Agra
„
„
.
.
0.4896 „
„
„ Ordinary „
„
„
.
.
0.4536
„
„
The first class Benares wheat was pure and contained very few foreign
elements, so that its protein content may be taken as approximately the
amount that a good sample should give. A greater or less departure from this
standard does not necessarily mean a greater or less admixture with foreign
grains; as it would be quite possible to obtain a sample of wheat which would
reach this standard and yet be very largely mixed with foreign grains, any
lowering brought about by the presence of materials having a lower protein
content being compensated for by the presence of materials having a higher
protein content. It will be evident, therefore, that no reliance can be placed
on the gross chemical composition of a food-stuff as a measure or criterion of its
real nutritive value, and that the only true measure of the value of a food-
material, so far as its protein is concerned, is the percentage absorption of
nitrogen possible from it.
94
(1) The absorption of the Nitrogen of the Ordinary Jail Wheat.
SERIAL NO. 77.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 11½ chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2½ „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Total amount
of fæces.
l b s .
Total nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
18th March 1910
.
7.25
28.29
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
19th March 1910
.
8.00
28.45
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
20th March 1910
.
9.50
29.87
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
21st March 1910
.
9.50
29.99
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
22nd March 1910
.
7.12
23.06
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
23rd March 1910
.
6.20
22.39
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
24th March 1910
.
9.50
31.20
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
25th March 1910
.
3.38
14.14
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
.
. 16. 7844 gr ms .
fæces per man daily
.
. 5.9254 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—10.859 grms.= 64.7 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL NO. 78.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 10 chittacks.
Gram
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. 2 ½ „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 c h i t t a c k .
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 chitetcks.