NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
95
Total amount
of fæces.
lbs.
Total Nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
18th March 1910
.
6.40
26.35
9.072
3.855
1.9964
0.5
19th March 1910
.
6.50
26.77
9.072
3.855
1.9964
0.5
20th March 1910
.
5.60
22.70
9.072
3.855
1.9964
0.5
21st March 1910
.
6.70
25.88
9.072
3.855
1.9964
0.5
22nd March 1910
.
5.12
21.90
9.072
3.855
1.9964
0.5
23rd March 1910
.
8.16
30.11
9.072
3.855
1.9964
0.5
24th March 1910
.
5.34
20.28
9.072
3.855
1.9964
0.5
25th March 1910
.
3.60
15.84
9.072
3.855
1.9964
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 15.4234 grms. fæces per man daily .
. 5.4237 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9.9997 grms.= 64.8 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL NO. 79.
By taking these two observations together we see that a difference of 1½
chittacks of wheat, or 1 . 361 grms. nitrogen, causes a difference of 0 . 8593 grms.
Therefore, 1,361 grms. nitrogen of wheat =0.8593 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of wheat shows 63 . 1 per cent. absorbed.
SERIAL No. 80.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13½ chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2½ „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables
. .
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Total amount
of fæces.
lbs.
Total nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
18th March 1910
.
6.06
25.12
12.2472
3.855
1.9964
0.5
19th March 1910
.
10.80
35.85
12.2472
3.855
1.9964
0.5
20th March 1910
.
11.40
38.26
12.2472
3.855
1.9964
0.5
21st March 1910
.
7.95
25.45
12.2472
3.855
1.9964
0.5
22nd March 1910
.
8.56
29.10
12.2472
3.855
1.9964
0.5
23rd March 1910
.
10.10
33.67
12.2472
3.855
1.9964
0.5
24th March 1910
.
9.06
30.80
12.2472
3.855
1.9964
0.5
25th March 1910
.
3.53
12.32
12.2472
3.855
1.9964
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 18.5986 grms. fæces per man daily .
. 6.5877 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—12.0109 grms.= 64.6 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
96
SERIAL No. 81.
By taking this observation in conjunction with Nos. 77 and 78, we can
obtain the absorption of the nitrogen of wheat. Thus:
—
(a)
In conjunction with No. 77, we find that an increase of 2
chittacks of wheat, or 1.8142 grms. nitrogen, is accompanied
by an increase of 12.0109 grms.—10.859 grms. =1.1519 grms.
nitrogen.
Therefore, 1.8142 grms. nitrogen of wheat show 1.1519 grms. nitrogen
absorbed.
Therefore, wheat has 63.5 per cent. of its nitrogen absorbed.
(b) In conjunction with No. 78, we find that an increase of 3½
chittacks of wheat, or 3.1752 grms. nitrogen, is accompanied
by an increase of 12.0109—9.9997 grms. =2.0112 grms.
Therefore, 3.1752 grms. nitrogen of wheat show 2.0112 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, wheat shows 63.3 per cent. of its nitrogen absorbed.
Therefore, we may accept the average of Nos. 79 and 81, 63.3 per cent., as
the absorption of the nitrogen of this sample of wheat.
(2) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Arhar Dal plus Vegetables.
SERIAL No. 82.
Five prisoners under observation for four days.
Wheat
.
. .
.
.
. .
. 11½ chittacks.
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2 „
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 „
Total amount
of fæces.
lbs.
Total Nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
26th March 1910
.
.
.
8.00
20.62
10.433
3.9928
0.5
27th March 1910 .
.
.
.
7.94
25.70
10.433
3.9928
0.5
28th March 1910 .
.
.
.
5.25
18.74
10.423
3.9928
0.5
29th March 1910 .
.
.
.
5.12
18.19
10.433
3.9928
0.5
30th March 1910 .
.
.
.
4.32
17.25
10.433
3.9928
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
. 14.9258 grms. fæces per man daily .
. 5.025 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9.9008 grms. =66.3 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
97
We know from other observations that 63.3 per cent. of the nitrogen of
wheat is absorbed, therefore, by introducing this value for the nitrogen of wheat
we can obtain the percentage of nitrogen of arhar plus vegetables absorbed.
Thus:—
10 . 433 × 63 . 3+4.4928 grms. nitrogen (arhar +vegetables) =9.9008
grms.
Therefore, 4 .4928 grms. nitrogen (arhar+vegetables)=9.9008—6.604
grms.=3.2968 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of arhar plus vegetables shows 73 .4 per cent.
absorbed.
(3) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Gram Dal.
SERIAL NO. 83.
We know that 63 . 3 per cent. of the nitrogen of wheat is absorbed.
And that 73 . 4 per cent. of the nitrogen of arhar dal plus vegetables is
absorbed.
By substituting these factors in Nos. 77,78 and 80, we obtain the percent-
age of nitrogen absorbed from gram. Thus:—
(a) No. 77. Wheat
. 11½ chittacks
. 10.433 grms. nitrogen
shows 10.859 grms.
nitrogen absorbed.
Gram
. 2½ „
. 3.855
„
„
Arhar
. 1 chittack
. 1.9964 „
„
Vegetables 3 chittacks
. 0.5
„
„
i.e., 10.433 × 63.3+3.855 grms. nitrogen of gram +2.4964 × 73.4=
10.859 grms.
Therefore, 3.855 grms. nitrogen of gram=10.859—8.4363 grms.=2.4227
grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of gram shows 62.8 per cent. absorbed.
(b) No. 78. Wheat
. 10 chittacks . 9.072 grms. nitrogen
shows 9.9997 grms.
absorbed.
Gram
.
2½ „
. 3.855
„
„
Arhar
. 1 chittack
. 1.9964 „
„
Vegetables 3 chittacks . 0.5
„
„
i.e., 9.072 × 63.4+3.855 grms. nitrogen of gram+2.4964×73.4=9.9997
grms.
Therefore, 3.855 grms. nitrogen of gram=9.9997—7.5748 grms.=2.4249
grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of gram shows 62.9 per cent. absorbed.
( c) No. 80. Wheat
. 13½ chittacks . 12.2472 grms. nitrogen.
shows 12.109 grms.
absorbed.
Gram
. 2½ „
. 3.8550 „
„
Arhar
. 1 chittack
. 1.9904 „
„
Vegetables 3 chittacks . 0.50
„
„
O
98
i.e., 12.2472 × 63.3+3.855 grms. nitrogen of gram + 2.4964 × 73.4=
12.0109 grms.
Therefore, 3.855 grms. nitrogen of gram=12.0109—9.5847 grms.= 2.4262
grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of gram shows 62.9 per cent. absorbed.
(4) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of First Quality Wheat.
SERIAL No. 84.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
1st class Wheat
.
.
. .
. .
.
1 1 ½ c h i t t a c k s .
Gram .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
3 ½ , ,
Arhar .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
1 c h i t t a c k .
Vegetables
.
. .
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Total amount
of fæces.
lbs.
Total
Nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
18th March 1910
.
3.75
15.31
11.2608
5.397
1.9964
0.5
19th March 1910
.
6.72
28.96
11.2608
5.397
1.9964
0.5
20th March 1910
.
8.95
25.34
11.2608
5.397
1.9964
0.5
21st March 1910
.
6.35
28.23
11.2608
5.397
1.9964
0.5
22nd March 1910
.
8.72
32.56
11.2608
5.397
1.9964
0.5
23rd March 1910
.
6.12
26.42
11.2608
5.397
1.9964
0.5
24th March 1910
.
6.63
27.35
11.2608
5.397
1.9964
0.5
25th March 1910
.
4.10
18.10
11.2608
5.397
1.9964
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 19.1542 grms.
fæces per man daily . . 5.7791 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—13.3751 grms.=69.8 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
By substituting the known values for the absorption of the nitrogen of
gram, arhar and vegetables, we obtain the percentage of the nitrogen of this
sample of wheat absorbed.
i.e., 11. 2608 gr ms. ni t r ogen of wheat =13. 3751 —5. 397 × 62. 9—2. 4964 × 73. 4
=13.3751— 5.227=8.1481
Therefore, the nitrogen of this wheat shows 72.3 per cent. absorbed.
99
(1) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Ordinary Jail Wheat.
SERIAL NO. 85.
Five prisoners under observation for four days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7 chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
„
Urid dal .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
„
Gram
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 „
Vegetables
.
.
.
. .
.
.
. 3 „
Total
amount of
fæces.
lbs.
Total
Nitrogen
of fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Juar.
Nitrogen
of
Urid.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
26th March 1910 .
.
8.06
33.86
6.3504
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
27th March 1910 .
.
7.56
32.03
6.3504
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
28th March 1910 .
.
8.90
37.39
6.3504
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
29th March 1910 .
.
4.56
21.85
6.3504
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
30th March 1910 .
.
4.00
20.50
6.3504
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
. 17.5324 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 7.2815 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—10.2509 grms.=58.4 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL No. 86.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5 chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
„
Urid dal
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
„
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
„
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
„
Total
amount of
fæces.
lbs.
Total
Nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Juar.
Nitrogen
of
Urid.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables
26th March 1910
.
8.38
29.41
4.536
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
27th March 1910
.
7.60
25.42
4.536
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
28th March 1910
.
7.80
31.14
4.536
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
29th March 1910
.
8.63
32.86
4.536
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
30th March 1910
.
3.00
13.41
4.536
3.402
4.196
3.084
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
. 15.718 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 6.612 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9.106 grms.=57.9 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
O 2
100
SERIAL No. 87.
By taking these two observations, Nos. 85 and 86, together we find that
a difference of 2 chittacks of wheat causes a difference of 10.2509—9.106
grms.=1.1449 grms.
Therefore, 1.8144 grms. nitrogen of wheat=1.1449 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of wheat shows 63.1 per cent. absorbed, a result
corresponding very closely with that already obtained in previous observations.
The very large quantity of nitrogen passed in the fæces with a correspond-
ingly poor absorption in Nos. 85 and 86 should be noted. This type of diet
is most unsuitable.
5) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Juar.
SERIAL No. 88.
Five prisoners under observation for four days.
Wheat .
.
.
. .
.
.
. 5 chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 7
„
Urid
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2
„
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. 2
„
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
. . 3
„
Total
amount of
fæces.
lbs.
Total
Nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Juar.
Nitrogen
of
Urid.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
26th March 1910
.
7.00
25.31
4.536
4.7628
4.196
3.084
0.5
27th March 1910
.
8.53
33.47
4.536
4.7628
4.196
3.084
0.5
28th March 1910
.
7.25
25.08
4.536
4.7628
4.196
3.084
0.5
29th March 1910
.
2.31
40.65
4.536
4.7628
4.196
3.084
0.5
30th March 1910
.
4.06
20.99
4.536
4.7628
4.196
3.084
0.5
Av e r a g e i n t a k e o f n i t r o g e n p e r
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 17.0788 grms.
fæces per man daily . . 7.275 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9.8038 grms. =55.9 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL No. 89.
By taking the two observations, Nos. 86 and 88, together we find that 2
chittacks of juar, or 1.3608 grms. nitrogen, cause an increase in the amount
of nitrogen absorbed by 9.8038—9.106 grms.
Therefore, 1.3608 grms. nitrogen of juar show 0.6978 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of juar shows 51.3 per cent. absorption.
101
(6) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Urid Dal plus Vegetables.
SERIAL No. 90.
We have learned that the average absorption of the nitrogen of ordinary
wheat in Agra Jail is 63.25 per cent., and gram 62.9 per cent. and juar 51.3
per cent.
By substituting these values in each of the observations Nos. 85, 86 and 88
we can obtain the percentage absorption of the nitrogen of urid dal plus vege-
tables.
To obtain the average of the three observations we may add them together
and then substitute. Thus:—
No. 85 Wheat 7 chittacks
. 6 . 3504 grms. nitrogen
15.4224 grms.
No. 86
„
5 „
. 4 . 5360 „
„
No. 88
„
5 „
. 4 . 5360 „ „
No. 85 Juar
5 „
. 3.4020
„ „
11.5668 grms.
No. 86 „
5 „
. 3.4020
„
„
No. 88 „
7 „
. 4. 7628 „
„
Nos. 85, 86, and 88, Urid dal 2 chittacks 4 . 196 × 3 grms.
nitrogen . . . . . . . .
12.588 grms.
Nos. 85, 86, and 88, Gram dal 2 chittacks 3.084 × 3 grms.
nitrogen . . . . . . . .
9.252 grms.
Nos. 85, 86, and 88, Vegetables 3 chittacks 0.5 × 3 grms.
nitrogen . . . . . . . .
1. 50 grms.
i.e., 15.4224 × 63.25+11.5668 × 51.3+12.588 grms. nitrogen of urid+9.252
× 62.9+1.5 grms. nitrogen of vegetables=10.2509 +9.106+9.8038=29.1607
grms.
Therefore, 12.588 grms. nitrogen of urid+1.5 grms. nitrogen of vegetables=
29.1607—21.5078=7.6529 grms.
Therefore, 14.085 grms. nitrogen (urid+ vegetables) = 7.6529 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of urid+vegetables shows 54.3 per cent. absorbed.
(7) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Arhar Dal.
SERIAL No. 91.
Five prisoners under observation for four days.
Juar
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
.
11 chittacks.
Urid
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 „
Arhar .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
3 chittacks.
102
Total amount
of
fæces.
lbs.
Total
Nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Juar.
Nitrogen
of
Urid.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
26th March 1910
.
8.00
30.92
7.4844
6.294
1.9964
0.5
27th March 1910
.
12.72
49.27
7.4844
6.294
1.9964
0.5
28th March 1910
.
8.40
34.99
7.4844
6.294
1.9964
0.5
29th March 1910
.
12.28
43.21
7.4844
6.294
1.9964
0.5
30th March 1910
.
6.70
23.50
7.4844
6.294
1.9964
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 16.2748 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 7.2756 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—8.9992 grms. =55.3 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
Now substitute the known values for the absorption of the nitrogen of
juar, urid dal and vegetables, and we can obtain the percentage of the nitrogen
of arhar dal absorbed. Thus:—
7.4844 × 51.3+ (6.294+0.5) × 54.3+1.9964 grms. nitrogen of arhar =8.9992
grms.
Therefore, 1.9964 grms. nitrogen of arhar=8.9992—7.529 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of arhar shows 73.6 per cent. absorbed.
It will be evident from the observations, Nos. 85, 86, 88 and 91, how very
great the quantity of nitrogen passed in the fæces works out to be. While this
is to be explained to some extent by the inferiority of the food-stuffs in use,
there is no doubt but that the excessive quantity of pulses in the diets in
question has a marked influence. On an average over the four diets, fully
half the nitrogen of the intake is derived from two of the dals, and there can
be little doubt but that the optimum amount of these food-stuffs has been
passed in these diets. This probably accounts for the very low figure obtained
for the absorption of the nitrogen of urid dal and even arhar in the last recorded
observation, No. 91.
This finishes our observations in Agra Central Jail, that were carried out
in March 1910. A few observations, however, were made in October 1909.
The food-stuffs in use in October gave practically identical analyses with those
in use in March of the following year. Let us examine the nitrogen absorption
shown by the different food-materials.
103
October 1909.
AGRA CENTRAL JAIL.
(1) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Wheat
.
SERIAL NO. 92.
Ten prisoners under observation for ten days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. 13 chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2½ „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . 1 chittack.
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . 3 chittacks.
Total amount
of
fæce
s.
lbs.
Total Nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
8th November 1909. .
8.90
641.20
grms.
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0 . 5
9th November 1909 .
14.25
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0.5
10th November 1909 .
13.00
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0.5
11th November 1909 .
11.50
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0.5
12th November 1909 .
13.00
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0 . 5
13th November 1909 .
12.60
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0.5
14th November 1909 .
13.00
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0.5
15th November 1909 .
10.25
11.8048
3 855
1.939
0.5
16th November 1909 .
12.25
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0.5
17th November 1909 .
12.20
11.8048
3.855
1.939
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 1 8 . 0 9 8 8 g r m s .
fæces per man daily
.
. 6. 4120 gr ms.
Nitrogen absorbed—11.6868 grms. = 64.6 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL NO. 93.
Ten prisoners under observation for six days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 10 chittacks.
Gram
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. 2½ „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Total amount
of
fæces.
lbs.
Total Nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
26th October 1909 .
6.75
324.30
grms.
9.072
3.855
1.939
0.5
27th October 1909 .
9.75
9.072
3. 855
1.939
0.5
28th October 1909 .
9.25
9.072
3.855
1.939
0.5
29th October 1909 .
9.75
9.072
3.855
1.939
0 . 5
30th October 1909 . 10.25
9.072
3.855
1.939
0 . 5
31st October 1909 .
9.75
9 072
3.855
1. 939
0 . 5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily . . . 15.366 grms.
fæces per man daily . . 5.405 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9.961 grms. = 64.8 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL NO. 94.
By taking these two observations, Nos. 92 and 93, together we learn that a
difference of 3 chittacks of wheat, or 2.7328 grms, nitrogen, causes a differ-
ence of 11.6868 — 9.961 grms.= 1.7258 grms.
Therefore, 2.7328 grms. nitrogen of wheat show 1.7258 grms. absorbed.
Therefore, the nitrogen of wheat shows 63.2 per cent. absorbed, a result
corresponding very closely with that obtained later.
(2) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Arhar Dal plus Vegetables.
SERIAL NO. 95.
By adding together Nos. 92 and 93 we get the absorption of nitrogen over
a large number of days, and obtain a good average.
No. 92
13 chittacks Wheat .
. 11.8048 grms. nitrogen 20.8768 grms. nitrogen.
„ 9 3 10 „
„
.
. 9.0720 „ „
Nos. 92 and 93 Gram
2½ chittacks 3.855 grms. nitrogen × 2 = 7.710 grms. nitrogen.
„ 92 „ 93 Arhar
1 chittack 1.939 „ „ × 2 = 3.878 „
„
„ 92 „ 93 Vegetables 3 chittacks 0.5 grm. „ × 2 = 1.0
„
„
Therefore 20.8768 grms. nitrogen of Wheat
.
show 21.6478 grms. nitrogen
absorbed.
7.710
„
„ „ Gram
.
3.878 „
„ „ Arhar
.
1.00
g r m .
„
„ Vegetables
105
Now substitute the values for the absorption of the nitrogen of wheat,
63.2 per cent., and for gram, 62.9 per cent., and we get the percentage of the
nitrogen of arhar dal plus vegetables absorbed.
i.e., 20.8768 × 63.2 + 7.710 × 62.9 = 21.6478 — 4.878 grms. nitrogen
(arhar + vegetables).
Therefore, 4.878 grms. nitrogen (arhar + vegetables) = 21.6478
— 18.0434 = 3.6044 grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of arhar dal plus vegetables shows 73.8 per cent.
absorbed which is practically identical with that observed later in the year.
(Gram, as it was identical in analysis with that worked with in March
1910, has been taken as showing a similar percentage of its nitrogen ab-
sorbed.)
(3) The Absorption of the Nitrogen of Juar.
SERIAL No. 96.
Ten prisoners under observation for ten days.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. 5¾ chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. . 5½ ,,
Gram
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. 2¾ „
Arhar
. .
. .
. .
. .
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Total
amount of
fæces.
lbs.
Total Nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Juar.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
12th October 1910 . 14.75
588.57
grms.
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.939
0.5
13th October 1910 . 11.75
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.939
0.5
14th October 1910 . 12.14
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.939
0.5
15th October 1910 .
8.50
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.939
0.5
16th October 1910 . 11.50
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.939
0.5
17th October 1910 .
7.25
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.939
0.5
18th October 1910 . 10.50
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.929
0.5
19th October 1910 . 11.00
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.935
0.5
20th October 1910 . 12.75
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.939
0.5
21st October 1910 .
9.50
5.2187
3.993
4.2405
1.939
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 15.8912 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 5.8857 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—10.0055 grms. = 62.9 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
106
By substituting our known factors for the absorption of the nitrogen of—
Wheat, 63.2 per cent.
Gram, 62 . 9 per cent.
Arhar dal and vegetables, 73 . 8 per cent.
we obtain the amount of nitrogen absorbed from the juar.
Thus:—
5 . 2187 × 63.2+3 . 993 grms. nitrogen of juar+4.2405 × 62.9+2.439
× 73.8=10.0055 grms.
Therefore, 3.993 grms. nitrogen of juar=10 . 0055—7 . 7653 grms.=2.2402
grms.
Therefore, the nitrogen of juar shows 56 . 1 per cent. absorbed.
This is distinctly a higher value than that obtained for the absorption of
the nitrogen of juar in March 1910, which was 51.3 per cent. It may be that
the difference in the protein content of the two samples accounts for the
variation found in the nitrogen absorption.
October 1909. 1 oz. juar contains 0.363 grm. nitrogen and shows 56.1 per cent. absorbed.
March 1910.
„
„
„
0.3402 „
„
„
51.3 ,,
„
„
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OBTAINED IN AGRA JAIL.
1. The co-efficient of the absorption of nitrogen of first quality wheat—
From Serial Number 84 the absorption works out to be 72.3 per cent.
2. The absorption of the nitrogen of the ordinary jail wheat—
From Nos. 77, 78 and 79 the absorption works out to be 63.1 per cent.
„
„ 77, 78, 80 and 81 „
„ „
„
63.5
„
„
„ 77, 78, 80 and 81 „
„ „
„
63.3
„
„
„ 85, 86, and 87
„
„
„
„
63.1
„
„
„ 92, 93 and 94
„
„
„
„
63.2
„
3. The absorption of the nitrogen of arhar dal plus vegetables—
From No. 82 the absorption works out to be
. . 73.4 per cent.
„
„
95 „
„
„
„
.
.
73.8
„
4. The absorption of the nitrogen of gram dal
—
From No. 83 in conjunction with—
No. 77 the absorption works out to be
. .
. 62.8 per cent.
„
78
„
„
„
„
.
.
.
62.9
„
„ 80 „
„
„
„
.
.
.
62.9
„
107
5. The absorption of the nitrogen of juar
—
From Nos. 86, 88 and 89 the absorption works out to be 51.3 per cent.
6. The absorption of the nitrogen of a different sample of juar
—
From No. 96 the absorption works out to be 56.1 per cent.
7. The absorption of the nitrogen of urid dal plus vegetables—
From No. 90 in conjunction with the observations, Nos. 85, 86 and 88, the absorption
works out to be 54.3 per cent.
8. The absorption of the nitrogen of arhar dal
—
From No. 91 the absorption works out to be 73.6 per cent.
Therefore, for all practical purposes we may accept the following as being
the percentages of the nitrogen of the different food-stuffs of Agra Jail that are
absorbed:—
1. First quality wheat
.
.
.
.
. 72.3 per cent.
2. Ordinary jail wheat
.
.
.
.
.
. 63.24
„
3. Arhar dal plus vegetables
.
.
.
.
. 73.6
„
4. Gram dal .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 62.9
„
5. Juar 1st sample .
.
.
.
.
.
. 51.3
„
6. „ 2nd „
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 56.1
„
7. Urid dal plus vegetables
.
.
.
.
. 54.3
„
8. Arhar dal .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 73.6
„
Wheat is by far the most important of the food-materials in use in the
jail dietaries of the United Provinces, so that any inferiority in the material
supplied is at once reflected in the level of nitrogenous interchange possible
with the diets containing it. This is very markedly the case in the Agra
results, the absorption of nitrogen from the diets and the level of nitrogenous
metabolism attained by the prisoners being on a lower scale than was the case
with prisoners investigated in other jails.
The absorption of nitrogen shown by the ordinary sample of wheat in
daily use in Agra Jail is very low and compares very unfavourably with the
absorption of the first quality of wheat in Benares Jail, or even with the
absorption from the ordinary jail material of Naini, Benares and Lucknow.
The best quality of wheat we could obtain gave a co-efficient of nitrogen
absorption very little higher than that of the ordinary wheat of Benares and
P 2