NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
32
Diet F.
Juar.
Pulse.
Dal.
Vegetables.
Oil.
Total proximate
principles.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Protein .
.
49.04
38.94
12.65
3.12
. . .
103.75
Carbohydrate . 430.32
96.30
31.31
25.50
...
583.43
Fat .
.
.
17.71
3.36
1.07
1. 58
9.08
32.80
Salt 10 grammes per man daily.
Heat value in calories .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3,122
Diet G.
Barley.
Wheat.
Dal.
Vegetables.
Oil .
Total proximate
principles.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Protein .
.
57.04
17.74
12.65
3.12
. . .
90.55
Carbohydrate . 486.65
126.45
31.31
25.50
...
669.91
Fat .
. .
12.15
2.62
1.07
1 . 5 8
9.08
26.50
Salt 10 grammes per man daily.
Heat value in calories
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3, 364
Diet H.
Rice.*
Wheat.
Dal.
Vegetables.
Oil.
Total proximate
principles.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Protein .
.
40.85
22.17
12.65
3. 12
...
78.79
Carbohydrate .
469.59
158.05
31.31
25.50
. . .
684.45
Fat .
.
.
5.12
3.27
1.07
1.58
9.08
20.12
Salt 10 grammes per man daily.
Heat value in calories .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3,316
These are the different diets sanctioned for use in the jails of the United
Provinces. As will be seen from the columns giving the total proximate
* The percentage composition of rice has been taken as being the same as found for Bengal Jails, As rice
is never used in the jails of the United Provinces, we made no analysis of this food-stuff. It is introduced
nere only for reference.
33
principles, the actual analyses of the diets do not give quantities so identical
as supposed to be the case. Thus:—
Diet A.
Protein .
. .
.
. .
.
96.97 grms.
Heat value
3,300 calories.
Carbohydrate .
.
. .
.
. 653.17
„
Fat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
24.63
„
Diet B.
Protein .
.
.
.
.
.
. 102.59 grms.
Heat value
3,450 calories.
Carbohydrate .
.
.
.
.
. 632.95
„
Fat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
47.19
„
Diet C.
Protein .
.
.
.
.
.
. 108.35 grms.
Heat value
3,122 calories.
Carbohydrate .
.
. .
.
. 582.75
„
Fat
.
.
.
. .
.
.
30.01 „
Diet E.
Protein .
.
.
. .
.
. 110.35 grms.
Heat value
3,242 calories.
Carbohydrate .
.
.
.
.
. 614.68
„
Fat
.
.
.
. .
.
.
28.99
„
D i e t F .
Protein .
.
.
.
.
.
. 103.75 grms.
Heat value
3,122 calories.
Carbohydrate .
.
.
.
.
. 583.43
„
Fat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
32.80
„
Diet G.
Protein .
.
.
.
.
.
.
90.55 grms.
Heat value
3,364 calories.
Carbohydrate
.
.
.
.
.
. 669.91
„
Fat
.
.
.
. .
.
.
26.50
„
Diet H.
Protein .
.
.
.
.
78.79 grms.
Heat value
3,316 calories.
Carbohydrate .
.
.
.
.
. 684.45
„
Fat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20.12
„
So that, with regard to the most important constituent, protein, we get
quantities varying from 78.79 grms. to 110.35 grms., the claim, therefore,
that these diets offer identical quantities of nitrogen can hardly be substan-
tiated; neither are the quantities of carbon presented in the several diets
similar in the amount.
The supposed protein value of these diets in the Jail Code is 280 grains
of nitrogen, which would mean about 115 grms. of protein. None of the
diets work out to be so high from analysis of the food-stuffs actually in use.
The factors, therefore, that have been employed in calculating the values
have been those that would be correct for first class food-materials, but which
34
are too high for the food-materials used in the jails of the United Provinces
at the present time.
Our calculated values of the different diets in proximate principles are
based on the average composition of the food-materials analysed and as shown
on table " F." We may, therefore, accept the figures representing their
values as being fair averages of the diets as consumed by the prisoners. Any
variation from these values will depend largely on the quality and pureness
of the food-stuffs obtained for consumption.
The apparent value of these diets.
It will be evident to anyone conversant with the standards of dietaries
that those of the jails of the United Provinces, offering over 100 grammes of
protein and over 650 grammes of carbohydrates are by no means illiberal ;
but that, on the contrary, for prisoners of an average weight of 110 to 115 lbs.
the diets are in reality generous. To quote Lewis again, " The adapted English
scales are, under every heading, considerably smaller than the average nutri-
tive value of the North-Western Provinces' dietaries ; the latter may, indeed,
be said to be practically identical with the actual English scales. So that,
if weight have influence on the food requirements of the body, it may be
assumed that the labouring prisoners in these Provinces are, weight for weight,
considerably better fed than labouring prisoners in England." He computes
the average maximum diet to be sufficient for prisoners weighing 164 lbs.
as compared with the average weight of prisoners in the United Provinces
of 110—115 lbs. With Lewis' opinion we entirely agree ; there is not the
slightest doubt but that the dietaries are most liberal both in nitrogenous
material and in the potential energy. Calculated according to the accepted
heat equivalents the average fuel value is 3,280 calories; which is higher than
that of any of the standard diets that have been formulated for Europeans.
This heat value of the dietaries offers over 60 calories per kilo. of body weight,
the usually accepted standard being 40 or slightly over 40 calories.
We shall show, however, that the defects of most of these diets are such
as to lessen their nutritive value to a very serious extent, with the result that
while, according to their chemical composition, they appear to be superior
to the English Prison scales and even to most of the standard dietaries, in
reality they are much inferior. The explanation for this will be found to be
the low degree of protein absorption shown by the food-stuffs entering into
the composition of the dietaries of the jails of the United Provinces.
We shall now proceed to give an account of the experimental work carried
out to determine the protein absorption from the different dietaries in force
and the average level of nitrogenous interchange attained by the prisoners
throughout the year.
35
CHAPTER III.
The average amount of Nitrogen absorbed from the Jail Dietaries
of the United Provinces.
The diet scales for adult native prisoners on hard labour consist of 14
chittacks of a cereal pulse combination, 1 chittack of dal, 3 chittacks of vege-
tables with salt, a little oil and chilli. The cereal pulse combination is invari-
ably made up according to the subjoined table:—
Combination
Diet.
PRINCIPAL.
ADJUVANT.
TOTAL.
Grain.
Quantity.
Grain.
Quantity.
A
.
.
. Wheat .
. 11 Chittacks. Barley .
. 3 Chittacks
14 Chittacks.
B
.
.
. Bajra
.
. 12
„
Pulse .
. 2
„
14
„
C
.
.
. Makka .
. 12
„
Do.
.
. 2
„
14
„
D
.
.
. Marua .
. 11½ „
Do.
.
2 ½
„
14
„
E
.
.
. Wheat .
. 11½
„
Gram .
. 2½
„
14
„
F
. .
. Juar
.
. 11
„
Pulse .
. 3
„
14
„
G
.
.
. Barley .
. 11
„
Wheat .
. 3
„
14
„
H
.
.
. Rice
.
.
1 0 ¼
„
Do.
.
. 3¾
„
14
„
Any two of the above may be combined by taking half of each principal
and half of each adjuvant; thus, B+C/2 will give Bajra 6 chittacks+Makka 6 chit-
tacks+Pulse 2 chittacks=14, or A+G/2 will give Wheat 5½ chittacks+Barley
7 chittacks+Pulse 1½ Chittacks =14.
NOTE.—1 chittack= 2.05 ozs., but for ordinary purposes may be taken as equal to 2 ozs.
These are the official diet scales as sanctioned in the Jail Code, but in
practice they are to a large extent ignored. The only diet commonly in use
is Diet E of the above table; in fact it is the only one given in the majority of
the jails all over the Province. During the cold weather months juar, bajra and
barley are sometimes made use of, but hardly ever in the quantities laid down.
The different Superintendents give their own combinations of these food-stuffs
with wheat and pulse, which are usually very different from the diets officially
sanctioned.
Rice has been very rarely used in the United Provinces. As it is only
grown to a limited extent, the price is prohibitive. It was, however, some
years ago used in two district jails, close to the borders of Bengal, but an
F 2
36
outbreak of Beri-Beri in both of these caused it to be discontinued and its use
has never been revived.
Marua is never given at all; in fact, we failed to obtain samples even for
analysis from the different jails, where investigations were carried out.
Makka or Indian corn or maize is seldom, if ever, used; why this is so we
do not understand as it is a very nutritious food-material and certainly superior
to some of those in use.
The pulses made use of in the United Provinces are principally arhar dal
and urid dal. It would appear from the above table that gram dal is not
classed as a pulse, but this is a mistake as gram dal belongs to the pulses.
For at least nine months in the year Diet E., i . e . —
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11½ chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
2 ½
„
Arhar dal .
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables . .
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Salt .
. .
. .
.
.
. . 150 grains.
Oil
. .
. .
. .
.
. 9.08 grms.
Condiments
.
. .
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
is given to the exclusion of all others. We have, therefore, first of all to find
out what is the average level of nitrogenous interchange attained on such a
diet. On proceeding to investigate this diet and to obtain the level of nitro-
genous metabolism permitted by it in the different jails of the province we were
quickly forced to the conclusion that very different quantities of nitrogen
were absorbed and metabolised on what appeared to be the same diet. For,
while the same food-materials gave identical results in any one jail, this diet
gave different results in the several jails where investigations were carried out.
It was observed that the further north-west we went the lower became the
level of nitrogenous interchange; the highest results were obtained with the
food-materials grown in Benares and Allahabad districts and the lowest with
those grown in Lucknow and Agra districts.
The explanation of this was not difficult to find. It will be seen on
reference to the analyses of the food-stuffs of the principal jails that the protein
content of the food-materials, but especially wheat, is higher in the first-named
districts than in the latter, and mere inspection of the samples was all that was
necessary in order to solve the problem. Wheat, sold as such and indeed as
grown, is not by any means a pure sample of wheat, but a mixture, to a greater
or lesser degree, of wheat and barley with other grains. All but the barley are
fairly easily got rid of in cleaning, the barley remaining even in well-cleaned
samples. The degree of admixture with barley varies in different parts of the
37
Province but is very much higher in the samples obtained from Agra and
Lucknow than in those from Allahabad and Benares. As we shall show later
the percentage of nitrogen of barley that undergoes absorption is very
much lower than that of the nitrogen of a pure sample of wheat, it will be
evident that any admixture of barley with wheat will have the effect of lowering
the percentage of nitrogenous absorption of that sample. Thus, we found that
the percentage absorption of the nitrogen of the wheat in use in Benares and
Allahabad differed considerably from what was the case in Lucknow and Agra,
and therefore the level of nitrogenous interchange on Diet E varied in these
several jails.
Similarly, as we shall have occasion to point out when dealing with diets
into which barley enters, the fact that a pure sample of barley —without some
admixture of wheat—is almost impossible to obtain, and more difficult in Agra
and Lucknow districts than in Allahabad and Benares, means that the percent-
age of the protein content of barley is higher than it should really be, and
higher in Agra and Lucknow experiments than in those carried out in
Allahabad and Benares.
We shall now proceed to give the results of the investigations carried out
to obtain the average level of nitrogenous interchanges attained on the United
Provinces jail dietaries. The food-stuffs in use during these investigations were
as far as possible the ordinary materials: it is probable, however, that in some
cases the food-materials were of better quality than those usually in stock.
Four large Central jails were selected, roughly situated in the north, south, east
and west of the Province and fairly well covering the different tribes and
races inhabiting the United Provinces.
Batches of picked men were isolated, placed on the weighed out diet for a
number of days, the urine and fæces being carefully collected—the fæces for the
period being separated with charcoal—and analysed in the usual way. The food-
stuffs made use of during the observations were also analysed. In this way we
obtained the daily intake of nitrogen in the dietaries and the daily output of
nitrogen in the fæces and were thus in a position to ascertain the average
level of nitrogen undergoing metabolism with the different diets.
A.—Diet E.
Wheat .
.
.
. . 11½ chittacks or 2 3 ozs. roughly.
Gram dal
.
.
.
.
2½ „ „ 5 „
Arhar
. .
.
. . 1 chittack „ 2 „
Vegetables
.
.
. . 3 chittacks „ 6 „
Oil, condiments, salt, etc., as usual.
38
(1) Benares Jail.
SERIAL NUMBER 1. BATCH A.
Five prisoners under observation for six days.
Total amount
of fæces.
lbs.
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
18th February 1910 .
4.39
17.98
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
19th February 1910 .
4.57
20.90
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
20th February 1910 .
4.56
20.62
11.174
4.111
1.95
0 . 5
21st February 1910 .
7.32
32.68
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
22nd February 1910 .
5.51
24.42
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
23rd February 1910 .
8.51
32.82
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
24th February 1910 .
3.86
16.72
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
[Except where otherwise mentioned the figures in these tables with reference to weights are grammes.]
Charcoal was given in the morning of the 17th February 1910 and again
on the morning of the 23rd February 1910.
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 17.735 grms.
fæces per man daily
. 5.538 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—12.197 grms.=68.7 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL No. 2. BATCH A.
Six prisoners under observation for six days.
Total amount
of fæces.
lbs.
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
3rd January 1910 .
9
196.668
grms.
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
4th January 1910 .
5
11.174
4.111
1.95
0 . 5
5th January 1910 .
4.5
11.174
4.111
1.95
0 . 5
6th January 1910 .
5.5
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
7th January 1910 .
5.5
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
8th January 1910 .
4.2
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
9th January 1910 .
4.75
11.174
4.111
1.95
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 17.735 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 5.463 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—12.272 grms. =69.2 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
Therefore, the ordinary jail diet in Benares Jail shows an average absorp-
tion of 12.2345 grms. of nitrogen =68.99 per cent. absorbed.
39
(2) Naini Jail, Allahabad.
SERIAL No. 3. BATCH A.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Total amount
of fæces.
ozs.
Total nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
16th February 1910 .
...
...
...
. . .
. . .
. . .
17th February 1910 .
64.32
26.17
10.833
3.7705
1.90
0.5
18th February 1910 .
104.55
29.62
10.833
3.7705
1.90
0.5
19th February 1910 .
90.20
22.53
10.833
3.7705
1.90
0.5
20th February 1910
98.40
22.63
10.833
3.7705
1.90
0.5
21st February 1910 .
91.22
23.79
10.833
3.7705
1.90
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 17.0035 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 4.9898 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—12.0139 grms.=70.6 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL No. 4. BATCH A.
Ten prisoners under observation for ten days.
From 2nd December 1909 to 12th December 1909.
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 17.0035 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 5.054 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—11.9495 grms.=70.2 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
Therefore, the ordinary jail diet in Naini Jail shows an average absorp-
tion of 11.9817 grms. of nitrogen=70.4 per cent. of the nitrogen of the diet.
(3) Lucknow Jail.
SERIAL No. 5. BATCH B.
Five prisoners under observation for five days.
Total amount
of fæces.
ozs.
Total nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
17th March 1910
.
94.0
20.52
10.028
4.197
1.9184
0.5
18th March 1910
.
97.5
21.76
10.028
4.197
1.9184
0.5
19th March 1910
.
117.0
26.87
10.028
4.197
1.9184
0.5
20th March 1910
.
119.0
24.63
10.028
4.197
1.9184
0.5
21st March 1910
.
93.5
20.41
10.028
4.197
1.9184
0.5
22nd March 1910
.
43.0
14.39
10.028
4.197
1.9184
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 16.6434 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 5.1432 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—11.5002 grms. =69.1 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
40
(4) Agra Jail.
SERIAL NUMBER 6. BATCH A.
Ten prisoners under observation for ten days.
From 12th December 1909 to 22nd December 1909.
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
.
.
. 16 .727 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 5.969 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—10 .758 grms.=64 .3 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
SERIAL No. 7. BATCH A.
Five prisoners under observation for seven days.
Total amount
of fæces.
lbs.
Total nitrogen
of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Gram.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
18th March 1910
.
7.25
28.29
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
19th March 1910
.
8.00
28.45
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
20th March 1910
.
9.50
29.87
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
21st March 1910
.
9.50
29.99
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0 . 5
22nd March 1910
.
7.12
23.06
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
23rd March 1910
.
6.20
22.39
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
24th March 1910
.
9.50
31.20
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
25th March 1910
.
3.38
14.14
10.433
3.855
1.9964
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 16. 7844 grms.
fæces per man daily .
. 5.9254 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—10 .859 grms.= 64. 7 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
Therefore, the ordinary jail diet in Agra Jail shows an absorption of
10.8085 grms. of nitrogen=64.5 per cent. of the nitrogen of the diet.
From these investigations recorded under the serial number 1 to 7 we can
obtain the average amount of nitrogen absorbed from Diet E of the Jail Code.
Thus:—
1. Intake
.
. 17.7350 grms.
Absorbed .
. 12 . 1970 g r m s .
2.
„
.
17 . 7350 „
”
.
. 12 . 2720 „
3.
„
.
. 17 . 0035 „
„
.
. 12 . 0139 „
4.
„
.
. 17 . 0035
„
„
.
.
11 . 9495 „
5. „
.
. 16.6434
”
„
.
. 11 . 5002 „
6.
„
.
. 16 . 7270
„
„
.
.
10 . 7580 „
7. „
.
. 16 .7844 ”
„
.
. 10 . 8590 „
Therefore, an average intake of 17.09026 grms. shows an absorption of
11.64996 grms. or 68.16 per cent. These observations having been carried out
41
with the average food-stuffs of different parts of the Province, we may accord-
ingly accept the result as a true measure of the level of nitrogenous inter-
changes possible on Diet E of the Jail Code, when the ordinary food-materials
of the different jails are made use of.
B.—Diet A.
Wheat .
.
.
. .
. 11 chittacks or 22 ozs. roughly.
Barley
. .
.
.
.
. 3 „ „ 6 „ „
Arhar
. .
.
.
.
. 1 chittack „ 2 „ „
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
. 3 c h i t t a c k s „ 6 „ „
Oil, condiments, salt, etc., as usual.
Mainpuri Jail.
SERIAL No. 8. BATCH A.
Ten prisoners under observation for six days.
Total amount
of fæces.
lbs.
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Barley.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
24th October 1909 .
12.00
317.64
gr ms .
10.0826
2. 3412
2.0782
0.5
25th October 1909 .
10.12
10.0826
2.3412
2.0782
0.5
26th October 1909 .
12.00
10.0826
2. 3412
2.0782
0.5
27th October 1909 .
13.38
10.0826
2.3412
2.0782
0.5
28th October 1909 .
10.50
10. 0826
2.3412
2.0782
0.5
29th October 1909 .
10.50
10.0826
2. 3412
2.0782
0.5
30th October 1909 .
10.20
10.0826
2. 3412
2.0782
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily . . . 1 5 . 0 0 2 g r m s .
fæces per man daily
. 5.294 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed— 9.708 grms.=64.7 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
Mainpuri Jail is situated fairly close to Agra and the food-stuffs in use
were much of the same quality in the two jails. In samples from these jails
the wheat contained a large percentage of barley and the barley showed a fair
proportion of wheat. As will be evident later this admixture of the two food-
materials caused a lowering of the percentage absorption of the nitrogen of
wheat and a raising of that of the nitrogen of barley.
C.—Diet G.
Wheat
.
.
.
. . . 3 chittacks or 6 ozs. roughly.
Barley
. .
.
.
. . 11 „ „ 22
„ „
Arhar .
.
. .
.
. 1 chittack „ 2 „ „
Vegetables
.
. . . 3 chittacks „ 6 „ „
G
42
SERIAL No. 9. BATCH B.
Ten prisoners under observation for six days.
Total amount
of fæces.
l b s .
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Barley.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
24th October 1909
.
13.45
305.24
grms.
2.7498
8.5844
2.0784
0.5
25th October 1909
.
13.82
2.7498
8.5844
2.0784
0.5
26th October 1909
.
12.45
2.7498
8.5844
2.0784
0.5
27th October 1909
.
13.50
2.7498
8.5844
2.078
0.5
28th October 1909
.
10.50
2.7498
8.5844
2.0784
0.5
29th October 1909
.
10.00
2.7498
8.5844
2.0784
0.5
30th October 1909
.
3.45
2.7498
8.5844
2.0784
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily
. .
. 13. 9124 grms.
fæces per man daily
. 5.0874 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—8.825 grms.=63.4 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.
(2) Lucknow Jail.
SERIAL NO. 10. BATCH C.
Five prisoners under observation for six days.
Total amount
of fæces.
o z s .
Total
nitrogen of
fæces.
Nitrogen
of
Wheat.
Nitrogen
of
Barley.
Nitrogen
of
Arhar.
Nitrogen
of
Vegetables.
2nd March 1910
.
71.50
17.84
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
3rd March 1910
.
114.50
26.20
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
4th March 1910
.
104.00
22.90
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
5th March 1910
.
87.50
23.20
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
6th March 1010
.
108.50
30.77
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
7th March 1910
.
94.50
23.37
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
8th March 1910
.
29.00
12.27
2.649
9.678
2.0192
0.5
Average intake of nitrogen per
Average output of nitrogen in
man daily .
.
. 1 4 . 8 4 6 2 g r ms .
fæces per man daily
.
. 5.2183 grms.
Nitrogen absorbed—9.6279 grms. =64.8 per cent. of nitrogen of diet.