NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
162
CHAPTER VIII.
Some side-issues of the investigation.
I.—The Quantity of Salt given in the Jail Dietaries of the United Provinces.
In our work on the salt question of the Bengal Jail Dietaries we made
numerous observations on the effects of the large salt intake peculiar to those
dietaries,1 a n d o n t h e e f f e c t s o f v a r y i n g t h e q u a n t i t y o f s a l t o f t h e d i e t o n t h e
body-weight, the excretion of NaCl in the urine and fæces and the relationship
of the quantity of urine secreted to the amount of salt consumed. The
results obtained showed conclusively that the quantity of salt provided in the
dietaries of prisoners in Bengal jails is far too great ; its only physiological
effect being to increase the body-weight by water-logging of the tissues, to create
thirst and cause diuresis. With regard to other effects, pathological in nature
we brought forward evidence to show that an excessive intake of salt was
neither to the welfare of the body in health nor in disease.
Our observations made it apparent that an addition of 10 to 12 grms. of
NaCl in the daily diet provides all that is necessary for physiological require-
ments, and that anything beyond that amount only causes a retention of
fluids within the body with a fictitious advance in body-weight, thirs and
diuresis. We suggested that the quantity of salt in the Bengal Jail Dietaries
—about 30 grms. —should be decreased by one-half.
How does this recommendation compare with the facts as made evident in
the dietaries of prisoners in the jails of the United Provinces ?
The quantity of salt sanctioned in the Jail Code for the dietaries of the
jails of the United Provinces is 150 grains or about 10 grms. per man daily, an
amount practically identical with what we found to be amply sufficient for the
requirements of Bengal prisoners. In all our investigations in the different
jails of the United Provinces this quantity—10 grms. per man daily—was
almost invariably given and never once have we had any complaints from the
prisoners of its insufficiency. It may, therefore, be accepted that the quantity
of salt we recommend for addition to the dietaries of Bengal jails is more than
is really required, as was stated by us at the time of writing the report, and
that 10 grms. of NaCl per man daily is quite sufficient for the jail dietaries
of the United Provinces and Bengal.
1
Scientific Memoirs, No. 37, Chapter IV.
163
II.—The Average Quantity of Urine Secreted by prisoners in the Jails of the
United Provinces.
We found in Bengal jails that the average quantity of urine passed was
consistently high; that the amount depended on the salt content of the
dietaries, and that rice appeared to exert a diuretic influence, this influence
being more marked with Burma than with country rice.
In cold weather the average amount of urine passed on the full Bengal
jail dietaries was quite up to 2,000 c. c. per man daily.
What is the average secretion of urine by prisoners in the United
Provinces on the full dietaries ?
(a) On Diet E.
Wheat
.
.
.
. 11½ chittacks.
10 grms. NaCl added to
diet.
Gram
.
. .
.
2½
, ,
Arhar
.
. .
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
. .
. 3 chittacks.
Agra.
.
. 10 men observed for 10 days passed 90,900 c. c.
Naini
.
.
. 10 , ,
, , „ 10 , , ,,
209,690 c. c.
Benares .
.
. 6 „
, , ,, 7 , ,
, ,
63,850 c. c.
,,
.
.
. 5 , ,
,,
,, 5 ,,
,,
37,470 c. c.
Therefore an average of 1,505 c. c. of urine was passed per man daily.
(b) Diet E.
On Diet E, when the wheat was reduced to 10 chittacks.
i.e., Wheat
.
.
10 chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added
to diet.
Gram
.
.
.
. . 2½ , ,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack
Vegetables
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks
Agra .
. 10 men observed for 10 days passed 87,650 c.c.
Naini .
. 10 ,,
, , , ,
6
, ,
, , 132,530 c.c.
Benares
. 6 „
,,
, ,
7 ,,
,,
75,060 c.c.
, ,
. 6 „
, , , , 7
, ,
, ,
48,700 c.c.
, ,
. 5 ,,
, , ,, 5
, ,
,,
50,220 c.c.
, , . 5 „
, , ,, 5 ,,
,,
27,930 c.c.
Therefore an average of 1,4.35 c.c. of urine was passed per man daily.
Y 2.
164
(c) Diet 1/2 (E+F).
Juar
.
.
.
.
. 5½ chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added
to diet.
Wheat .
.
.
.
. 5¾ ,,
Gram .
.
. .
. 2¾ „
Arhar .
.
.
.
. 1 chittack
Vegetables
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks
Agra
.
.
10 men observed for 30 days passed 307,570 c.c.
Therefore an average of 1,205 c.c. of urine was passed per man daily.
(d) Diet A.
Wheat.
.
.
.
. 11 chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added
to diet.
Barley
.
.
.
.
. 3
, ,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack
Vegetable .
.
.
. 3 chittacks
Mainpuri Jail
. 10 men observed for 19 days passed 186,650 c.c.
Therefore an average of 982 c.c. urine was passed per man daily.
(e) Diet G.
Wheat .
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added
to diet.
Barley
.
.
.
. . 11 , ,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack
Vegetables
. .
.
. 3 chittacks
Mainpuri Jail .
. 10 men observed for 19 days passed 212,320 c.c. of urine.
'Therefore an average of 1,117 c.c. of urine was passed per man daily.
(f) Diet B.
Bajra
.
.
.
.
. 12 chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added
to diet.
Urid
.
.
.
. . 2
,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack
Vegetables
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks
Naini Jail .
.
. 10 men observed for 10 days passed 151,650 c.c.
Therefore an average of 1,516 c.c. of urine was passed per man daily.
165
(g) On other diets in which the total quantity of dry food-materials made
up 18 chittacks, the amount sanctioned by the Jail Code.
(i) Bajra
.
.
.
.
. 8 chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added
to diet.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
. 4 „
Urid
.
.
.
.
. 2 ,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack
Vegetables
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks
Naini Jail
. .
10 men observed for 6 days passed 89,710 c.c.
(ii) Bajra
.
.
.
.
. 4 chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added
to diet.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
. 9 „
Arhar
.
.
.
.
. 2 „
Vegetables
.
.
.
. 3 ,,
Naini Jail
.
. 10 men observed for 6 days passed 122,080 c.c.
(iii) Wheat .
.
.
.
. 6 chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added to
diet.
Bajra
.
.
.
.
. 7 ,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
. 2 „
Vegetables
. .
. . 3 ,,
Naini Jail
.
. 10 men observed for 6 days passed 93,750 c.c.
(iv) Wheat .
.
.
.
. 5 chittacks
10 grms. NaCl added to
diet.
Juar
.
.
. 8 ,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
2 ,,
Vegetables
.
.
.
. 3 „
Benares Jail
.
. 5 men observed for 7 days passed 42,310 c.c.
Therefore an average of 1,618 c.c. of urine was passed per man daily when.
these diets were given.
By summing up these results and. taking the average, we obtain a fairly
true measure of the quantity of urine passed. by the prisoners of the United
Provinces on the dietaries sanctioned for use. None of these observations
were made in the hot weather ; those in Agra Jail were carried out in October
while the weather was still comparatively hot, otherwise the average quantity
of urine found to be excreted may be taken to refer to the cold weather.
The quantity works out to be :—
(a) 401,910 c. c. of urine divided by 267
(b) 422,090 c. c . „ „
„
„ 294
(c) 307,570 c. c. „ „
„
„ 300
(d) 186,650 c. c. „ „
„
„ 190
(e) 212,320 c. c. „ „
,,
„ 190
( f ) 151,650 c.c. „ „
„ „ 100
(g) 347,850 c. c. „ „
„
„ 215
That is 2,030,040 c. c. „ „
„ ,, 1,556
which means 1,305 c. c. of urine per man daily.
166
This is a very much smaller amount than that found for the quantity
of urine passed by prisoners in Bengal jails, which we have seen to average over
2,000 c.c. per man daily. We have no doubt the difference can be satisfactorily
explained by the much lower salt content of the dietaries of the United Pro-
vinces and the entire absence of rice.
III.—The Excretion of Chlorides in the Urine.
The quantity of chlorides present in the urine was estimated in all cases
where collection and examination of the urine was carried out. As a rule the
amount of NaCl given, in addition to that already present in the food-stuffs
constituting the diet, was 10 grms. per man daily : in a few cases, however, 15
grms. of salt were added.
(a) THE QUANTITY OF CHLORIDES EXCRETED IN THE URINE WHEN 15 GRMS.
OF NACL WERE ADDED TO THE DIETARY.
Agra Jail.
10 men observed for 9 days excreted
1,126.4 grms. NaCl.
10 „
„
„ 10 „
„
1,212.7 „
,,
10 „
„
,, 10 , ,
,,
1,183.5 „
,,
10 „
„
„ 10 ,.
„
1,197.5 „
,,
10 „
„
„
10 ,,
„
1,219.6 „
,,
10 „
„
„ 10
„ „
1,089.4 „
,,
10 ,,
„
„ 10
„ „
1,152.0 „
„
10 „
„
„ 10 „
„
1,235.5 „
,,
Therefore, an average of 11.92 grms. of chlorides was excreted per man;
daily, or 79.5 per cent. of the added chlorides of the diet.
( b) THE QUANTITY OF CHLORIDES EXCRETED IN THE URINE WHEN 10 GRMS
. OF NACL WERE ADDED TO THE DIET.
(i) Mainpuri Jail.
10 men observed for 6 days excreted
464.6 grms.
NaCl.
10 „
„ „
6 ,,
„
498.7 „
„
10 „
„
,, 7
„ „
602.7
„ „
10
„ „ „
6
„ „
521.4
„ „
10 „
,,
„
6
„ „
511.8
„ „
10 „
„ „
7
„ „
548.5 „
„
Therefore, an average of 8.28 grms. of chlorides, or 82.8 per cent. of the
added chlorides of the diet, appears in the urine.
167
(ii) Benares Jail.
6 men observed for 7 days excreted .
.
.
. 356.0 grms.
6 „ „ „
6 ,,
„
.
.
.
.
. 305.0 „
6 „
„ „
7
„ „
.
.
.
.
. 348.1
„
5
„ „ „
6 „
„
.
.
.
.
. 268.6
„
6
„ „ „
7
„ „
.
.
.
.
. 369.0
„
5
„ „ „
6
„
” .
.
.
.
. 256.8 „
5
„ „ „
6
„ „
.
.
.
.
. 262.8 ,,
6 „
„ „
7
„ „
.
.
.
.
. 387.1
„
6 ,,
„ „
6
„ „
.
.
.
.
. 311.7 „
5
„ „ „
7
„ „
.
.
.
.
. 305.8 „
5
„ „ „
6
„ „
.
.
.
.
. 270.3 „
Therefore, an average of 8.71 grms. of chlorides, or 87.1 per cent. of the
.added chlorides of the diet, appears in the urine.
By taking the average of these results we obtain the average amount of
chlorides passed when 10 grms. of NaCl are added to the dietaries.
(i) Mainpuri Jail . 10 men observed for 38 days passed 3,147.7 grms.
(ii) Benares Jail
. 5 men observed for 79 days passed 3,441.2
„
Therefore, 6,588.9 divided by 775 gives the average amount of chlorides
excreted per man daily=8.502 grms., or 85.02 per cent. of the added chlorides
of the diet.
Comparison of these results with those obtained with Bengali prisoner
shows a lower percentage of the added chlorides of the diets absorbed.
Thus—with 1 5 grms. NaCl (about) added 88 per cent. appeared in the urine.
„
1 0
„ „ „ „
9 0 0
„ „ „ „ „ „
The explanation of these differences is to be found in the quality of the
salt in use in the two provinces : the figures for the salt intake in Bengal were
corrected to show the nett amount of chlorides given with the food, while those
of the United Provinces show the gross amount.
IV.—The Quantity of Fæces passed by Prisoners on the United Provinces
Jail Dietaries.
(a) Diet E.
Wheat.
. . .
1 1 ½ c h i t t a c k s .
Gram
. .
.
.
2 ½
, ,
Arhar.
.
. .
1 chittack.
Vegetables.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
1 Scientific Memoirs, No. 37, Chapter IV.
166
Agra Jail . . 10 men observed for 10 days passed 109.50 lbs.
Ordinary Jail
sample of
wheat.
, ,
, , . 5 ,,
, , ,, 7 ,,
, ,
60.45 „
Naini „ . 10 „
, , „ 10 ,, „
167.50 „
Benares „ . 6 , ,
, , ,, 6
, ,
, ,
38.45 „
, , ,,
. 5 , ,
, , ,, 6 ,, ,,
38.72 , ,
Naini „ . 5 , ,
, , ,, 5
, , , ,
28.04 „
Lucknow „ . 5 „
,,
,, 5 ,, , ,
35.25 „
Therefore, 477.91 divided by 351 gives the average quantity of fæces per
man daily=1.36 lbs., or 21.76 ozs.
(b) Diet E.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
. 11½ chittacks.
First quality of
wheat.
Gram
. .
. .
.
.
2 ½ , ,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables .
.
.
. .
.
3 chittacks.
Benares Jail.—Five men observed for 7 days passed 34.65 lbs.=0.99 lb.,
or 15.84 ozs. per man daily.
The contrast between these two results brings out very clearly the great
difference a good quality of wheat makes in the amount of non.-digestible
residue that has to be dealt with by the intestinal tract.
(c) Diet 1/2 (E+F).
Wheat
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. 5¾1 chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 5½ „
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 ¾ „
A r h a r .
.
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
. .
.
.
. .
3 chittacks.
Ten prisoners observed for 10 days passed 108.75 lbs., or 1.087 lbs.=17.39 ozs. .
per man daily.
(d) Diet A.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
11 chittacks.
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 , ,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Ten prisoners under observation for 19 days passed 220.8 lbs. =1.162 lbs., or
18.59 ozs. per man daily.
169
(e) Diet G.
Barley
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
11 chittacks.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 , ,
Arhar
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables .
.
.
. .
.
. .
3 c h i t t a c k s .
Ten prisoners under observation for 19 days passed 241.30 lbs. =1.27 lbs., or
20.32 ozs. per man daily.
(f) Diet A.
Bajra
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
12 chittacks.
Urid
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 , ,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Ten prisoners under observation for 10 days passed 132.5 lbs.=1.325 lbs., or
21.20 ozs. per man daily.
(g) Diet F.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11 chittacks.
Uri
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 , ,
Arha
. .
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables .
. .
.
.
.
. .
3 chittacks.
Five prisoners under observation for five days passed 48.10 lbs,=1.924 lbs., or
30.78 ozs. per man daily.
(h) Other diets in which the total quantity of the dry food-materials
made up 18 chittacks, the amount sanctioned by the Jail Code.
(i) Ba j r a
. .
.
.
.
.
8 chittacks.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4 ,,
Urid
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
2 , ,
Arha
. .
.
.
.
. .
.
1 chittack.
Vegetable
. .
.
.
.
. .
.
3 chittacks.
Ten prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 76.0 lbs. =1.26 lbs., or
20.26 ozs. per man daily.
z
170
(ii) Baj ra
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
4 chittacks.
Wheat
.
.
.
. _ .
.
.
.
9
"
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
"
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
. .
3
"
Ten prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 93.07 lbs. = 1.55 lbs., or 24.80
ozs. per man daily.
(iii) Bajra
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7 chittacks.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
"
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
"
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
"
Ten prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 86.58 lbs. =1.44 lbs., or 22.98
ozs. per man daily.
(iv) Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1 ½ chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
3½ "
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3
"
Four prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 36.9 lbs. =1.496 lbs., or
23.93 ozs. per man daily.
(v) Wheat
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. 8 chittacks.
Bar l ey
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Five prisoners under observation for 5 days passed 34.28 lbs. =1.371 lbs.,. or
21.93 ozs. per man daily.
(vi) Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
,,
Arhar
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
2
"
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
3
"
Five prisoners under observation for 5 days passed 34.90 lbs. =1.396 lbs., or
22.33 ozs. per man daily.
(vii) Wheat
. .
.
.
.
.
. . 3 chittacks.
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 11
"
Arhar
.
. .
.
.
. , 1 chittack.
Vegetables . .
.
.
.
.
. . 3 chittacks.
Five prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 38.1 lbs. =1.27 lbs., or
20.32 ozs. per man daily.
171
By summing up these results and taking the average we obtain a fairly
true measure of the weight of fresh fæces passed by the prisoners of the United
Provinces when on the full dietaries sanctioned.
The amount works out to be :—
(a) 477.91 lbs. fæces divided by 351
(c) 108.75 „ , ,
,, , , 100
(d) 220.80 ,, ,,
, , „ 190
(e) 241.30 „ ,,
, , , , 190
(f ) 132.50 „ „
, , , , 100
(
g ) 4 8 . 1 0 „
, ,
, , , , 25
(h) 398.83 , , , ,
, , , , 284
which means 1.313 lbs., or 21.00 ozs. of fæces per man daily.
The average weight of fæces passed on the jail dietaries of the United
Provinces is 21 ozs., an amount greatly in excess of that excreted by Europeans,
and higher even than the weight of fæces passed by the Bengali or Behari.
V.—The effect of an Increase or Decrease of the Wheat in the Dietaries
on the quantity of Fresh Faeces passed.
Under heading IV (a) we saw that with Diet E an average of 21.76 ozs.
of fæces was passed per man daily; what is the effect of increasing and decreas-
ing the quantity of wheat in the diet on the weight of fresh faeces excreted ?
(a) Increasing the Wheat.
Wheat
.
.
. 13 chittacks
Ordinary jail sample of wheat.
Gram
.
.
. 2½ ,,
Arhar
.
.
. 1 chittack
Vegetables .
.
. 3 chittacks
Agra Jail 10 men under observation for 10 days passed
. 121.85 lbs.
, ,
, , 5 , , ,,
, ,
, , 7 , ,
, ,
. 67.46 „
Therefore, on an average 1.40 lbs., or 22.43 ozs. of moist fæces are passed
per man daily on this diet. This result should be contrasted with the average
of the first two observations, given under IV ( a), on the same prisoners in
Agra Jail. Thus :—
Diet E. +1½ chi t t acks of wheat .
Diet E.
Agra Jail
. 22.43 ozs. of fæces passed.
20.12 ozs. fæces passed.
So that, an increase of 1½ chittacks, or about 3 ozs., of wheat in the diet
causes an increase of 2.31 ozs. in the weight of the corresponding fæces
excreted.
z 2
172
(b) Decreasing the Wheat.
Wheat .
.
. 10 chittacks.
Gram
. .
. .
.
2
½ ,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
Ordinary jail sample of wheat.
1 chittack
Vegetables
.
. .
.
3 chittacks
Agra Jail 10 men under observation for 6 days passed
. 55.50 lbs.
,,
,, 5
,, ,, ,, ,,
7
,, ,,
.
47.4
2
„
Naini
,,
10 , ,
,,
, ,
,,
6
,, ,,
.
89.00
„
Benares „ 6 „
,,
, ,
,, 6
,, ,,
.
38.75
„
,,
,, 5 ,,
,, ,,
,, 6 ,,
,,
. 38.13 „
,, ,,
5
, ,
, ,
,,
,, 6
,,
,,
. 35.80
„
Therefore, 304.60 divided by 251 gives the average weight of moist fæces per
man daily, equals 1
.213 lbs., or 19.40 ozs., passed on this diet.
Contrasting this result with the average weight of moist fæces passed on
Diet E, we get :—
Diet E.
Diet E. lessened by
1½ chittacks of wheat.
21.76 lbs. of fæc
es passed per man
daily.
19.40 lbs. of f
æces passed per
man daily.
So that, a decrease of 1½ chittacks of wheat, about 3 ozs., causes a decrease of
2.36 ozs. in the weight of the corresponding fæces excreted.
We may conclude, therefore, that with ordinary jail wheat the weight of
the moist fæces passed, with Diet E and its modifications, varies directly
with the quantity of wheat in the diet.
What is the effect of reducing the wheat by 1½ chittacks when first quality
wheat is used ?
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
. 10 chittacks
Gram .
.
. . .
.
2
½ ,,
Arhar .
. . . .
.
1 chittack
First quality of wheat.
Vegetable
s
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks
Benares Jail
5 men under observation for 6 days passed
.
27.31 lbs.
,, ,,
5
, ,
, ,
,,
,, 6 ,,
,,
. 26.20
,,
Therefore, on an average 0.891 lb., or 14.25 ozs., is excreted per man daily.
Thi s result should be contrasted with that shown under IV ( b) where Diet E
with first quality of wheat was in use. Thus:-
Diet E.
Diet E. lessened by 1½ chittacks of wheat.
15.84 ozs. of fæces passed per
man daily.
14.25 ozs. of fæces passed per
man daily.
173
So that, a decrease of 1½ chittacks, or about 3 ozs., of first class wheat
causes a decrease of 1.59 ozs. in the weight of the corresponding fæces
excreted. With ordinary jail wheat the lowering under the same condition
was
2.3
6 ozs. of fæces, again showing how very much less waste there is with a
good class of wheat than with inferior samples.
Numerous other observations on the weight of moist fæces passed on vari
- ous diets were carried out, in fact weighments of the fæces were done in every
observation made on prisoners. The results show :—
(i) The large mass of fæces
passed with diets composed of the food-stuffs
in use in the United Provinces. The average weight of moist
fæces excreted by prisoners on the full jail dietaries is 21 ozs. per
man daily.
(ii) Decrease or increase in any one of the food-stuffs entering into the
composition of a diet is accompanied by a decrease or increase in
the weight of the corresponding fæces.
(iii) When first quality of wheat is made use of—the dietaries being
similar in all other respects—the weight of moist fæces excreted
is considerably smaller than when the ordinary jail sample of
wheat is given. For Diet E the comparison is as follows :—
Benares Jail.
Ordinary jail wheat
.
.
.
average weight of fæces 18.72 ozs.
First quality wheat
.
.
.
,, ,, ,, ,,
15.84
,,
(iv) The maximum average weight of fæces excreted in any of the
periods of observation took place when the total quantity of
pulses entering into the dietaries was high. See IV (g) and (h )
(iv) also VI (i) ( xxii ) and (xxiv) of this chapter.
VI
. — T h e
Average Amount of Nitrogen excreted in the Fæces of Prisoners
when on the Full Jail Dietaries.
(a) Diet E.
Wheat .
.
. 11½ chittacks
Gram
.
.
. .
Arhar
. . . . .
2½ ,,
1 chittack
Ordinary jail sample of wheat.
Vegetables
.
. . .
3 chittacks
174
Weight of fæces
.
Nitrogen of fæces.
Agra Jail 10 men observed for 10 days passed 109.50 lbs. containing 596.90 grms.
,, ,,
5
„ „ „
7 ,, ,,
60.45 „
,,
196.04
„
Nain i
,,
10
„ „ „
10
,, ,,
167.50 „
,,
505.40
„
Benares „ 6 „
„ „
6
,, ,,
38.45 „
,,
196.66
,,
,, ,,
5
„ „ „
6 ,,
,,
38.72
,,
,,
166.14
„
Naini
,, 5 „
„ „
5
,,
,,
28.04 „
,,
124.74
„
Lucknow „ 5 „ „
,, 5
,, ,,
35.25 „
,,
128.53
„
Therefore a total of 477.91 lbs. of moist fæces showed 1,914.46 grms. of nitrogen.
The average amount of nitrogen in the fæces, therefore, works out to be 0.88
per cent.
(b ) Diet E.
Wheat .
. . .
. 11½ chittacks
Gram
.
. . .
.
2
½ "
First quality of wheat.
Arhar.
. .
.
.
1 chittack
Vegetables
. .
.
.
3 chittacks
Benares Jail—5 men observed for 7 days passed 34.65 lbs. of fæces contain-
ing 151.27 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.96 per cent.
(e) Diet 1/2 (E+F.)
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 5¾ chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5½ ,,
Gram
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. 2¾ ,,
Arhar
.
. . . .
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetable
s
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. 3 chittacks.
Ten men observed for 10 days passed 108.75 lbs. offæces containing 588.57
grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 1.19 per cent.
(a ) Diet A.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 11 chittacks.
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
3 "
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Ten prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 68.3 lbs. of fæces containing
317.64 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 1.02 per cent.
175
(e) Diet G.
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. 11 chittacks.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
. . . .
3 , ,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Ten prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 74.3 lbs. of fæces containing
305.24 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.905 per cent.
( f ) Diet A.
Bajra
. . . . . . . .
. 12 chittacks.
Urid
. .
.
. .
.
.
. .
2 , ,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
3 chittacks.
Ten prisoners under observation for 10 days passed 132.50 lbs. of fæces containing
645.08 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 1.07 per cent.
(g ) Diet F.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 11 chittacks.
Urid
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
3 ,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
. . . . .
1 chittack.
Vegetables
. . .
. . . . .
3 chittacks.
Five prisoners under observation for 5 days passed 48.10 lbs. of fæces containing
181.89 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.83 per cent.
(h ) Other diets in which the total quantity of dry food-materials made up
18 chittacks—the official amount—show the following results :—
i. Bajra .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. 8 chittacks.
Wheat
.
.
. . . .
.
.
.
4 ,,
Urid
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2 ,,
Arhar .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
3 chittacks.
Ten prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 76.00 lbs. of fæces containing
343.08 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.99 per cent.
176
ii. Bajr a
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
4 chittacks.
Wheat
.
.
. . . . . .
9 ,,
Arhar
.
.
. . . .
.
.
2 ,,
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 ,,
Ten prisoners under observation for 5 days passed 77.57 lbs. of fæces containing
245.47 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.69 per cent.
iii. Bajra
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
7 chittacks.
Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 6 ,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 ,,
Vegetable
s
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 ,,
Ten prisoners under observation for 5 days passed 72.08 lbs. of fæces containing
262.93 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.80 per cent.
iv. Wheat .
. . . . .
.
.
11½ chittacks.
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 ½ , ,
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 , ,
Four prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 35.90 lbs. of fæces containing
119.33 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.73 per cent.
v. Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8 chittacks.
Barley
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
6 ,,
Arha r
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Five prisoners under observation for 5 days passed 34.28 lbs. of fæces contain-
ing 116.58 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.75 per cent.
vi. Wheat
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
6 chittacks.
Juar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7 , ,
Arha r
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 , ,
Vegetables .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 , ,
Five prisoners under observation for 5 days passed. 34.90 lbs. of fæces contain
ing 134.75 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.85 per cent.
vii. Wheat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Barley
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11 ,,
Arhar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 chittack.
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3 chittacks.
Five prisoners under observation for 6 days passed 38.10 lbs. of fæces contain-
ing 156.55 grms. of nitrogen, which works out to be 0.90 per cent.