NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
37
usual way. Artery tied at 4h. 8m. 45s. Canula inserted at. 4h. 9m. 45s. Con-
nection made with the manometers at 4h. 11m. 30s, Trace I. Ludwig shows
effects of ether and chloroform alternately, and finally death from chloroform,
and includes 12 Fick readings. Trace I. Fick gives the whole of the 12 Fick
readings in four revolutions of the drum.
October 29th.—No. 35.
Full-sized healthy pariah. Put into the chloroform box at. 8h. 18m. 30s.
Fallen down at 8h. 22m. 40s. Placed on the dog-board at 811. 24m. 1.8s. and
kept quiet with chloroform from time to time. Dog was found to be whining
even when the cornea w as insensitive and breathing stertorous, although
chloroform had not been given for some minutes. Carotid tured at 8h.
40m. 30s. No. I. Ludwig shows effects of application of bicarbonate of soda
to the vagus ; electrical stimulation of the vagus and of chloroform adminis-
tration ; and includes five Fick readings. Tracing No. II. shows the effect, of
applying an ammonia bottle to the nose and of giving chloroform until
death, and includes Fick readings Nos. 6 to 9. Tracing No. Ludwig is not
preserved, but a partial tracing (III. Fick) reading No. 10 is included in
the Fick tracing of dog No, 36.
October 29th.—No. 36.
Temperature of the room 25 Cent. Full-sized pariah rather thin. Into
chloroform box 10h. 45m. 30s. Taken out of box and placed on the dog-board
10h. 56m, 15s. and given chloroform on a cap from time to time. Struggling and
crying, although cornea nearly insensitive. Carotid ligatured at l1h. 4m. 5s.
Canula inserted at 11h. 10m. 50s. and connection with manometers made
at 11h. 26m. 20s. Canula accidentally slipped out of the artery at 11h.. 40m. 30s.
Dog kept quiet under chloroform and connection again made at. 11h. 50m. 30s.
Two Ludwig and two Fick tracings during (a) application of carbonate of soda
to the entire vagus nerve ; (b) administration of chloroform ; ( c ) electrical. irri-
tation of the right vagus ; (d) ligature and division of both vagi ; (e) irritation
of the peripheral ends of the two vagi separately ; ( f) irritation of the peri-
pheral end of left vagus when the animal was deeply under chloroform ;
(g) irritation of the central ends of the two vagi separately ; and, finally.
(h) administration of chloroform continuously until death.
38
October 29th.—No. 37.
Temperature of room 26 Cent. Full-grown common monkey. Given
chloroform on a cap while in the cage. Placed on the table 3h. 2m. 30s. and
kept quiet under chloroform as before until connection made with the mano
-
meter at 3h. 59m. 50s. Two Ludwig and one Fick tracings. Trace I. Ludwig
shows effect of (a) ordinary chloroform administration, (b) evulsion of toe-nail, ( c)
irritation of the entire vagus, and includes live Fick readings. Trace II. shows
effects of (d) administration of ether, but is much interrupted by accidents to
the apparatus. It includes Fick readings 5 to 8. Manometer given up on
account of clots at 4h. 53m. Cornea sensitive at 4h. 54m. 15s. Chloroform
given at. 4h. 54m. 30s. Pulse perceptible but breathing purely laryngeal at 4h.
57m. 45s. No pulse at. 4h. 59m. Heart inaudible at 5h., but a thin stick
on a needle thrust into the heart continued to vibrate regularly till 5h. 1m.
October 30th.—No. 38,
Temperature of the room 25 Cent. Full-sized pariah dog. Chloroformed
in the box at 7h. 4m. Placed on the table at 7h. 51m. 40s. and kept quiet with
chloroform. Jugular vein ligatured. Connection made with manometers at.
8h. 45m. 10s. Manometer stopped at 9h. 45m. Dog killed with chloroform.
Respiration stopped 9h. 26m. 30s. Pulse stopped 9h. 20m, Heart stopped
9h. 30m. 40s. One Ludwig and one Fick tracing during ( a) ordinary chloro-
form administration (b) irritation of left vagus with the secondary coil dis-
tant from the primary 15 centimeters, The Fick tracing consists of three
readings:—
1 . A f a i l u r e .
2. Irritation of left vagus. coils 15 cent. distant.
3. Irritation of left vagus, coils 10 cent. apart.
This last reading was, however, interrupted by clotting.
October 30th.—No. 39.
Large fairly-nourished pariah. Chloroformed and placed upon the table at
10h. 14m. Jugular vein tied and canula inserted into carotid. Connection made
with manometer at. 10h. 53m. Animal eventually killed with ether. Two
Ludwig and two Fick tracings. Trace I. Ludwig shows the effects of (a) irri-
39
tation of the left vagus with the coils 10 cent. apart ; ( b ) injection of physos-
tigmine into the jugular vein ; ( c) lifting the vagus from its bed ; and includes
6 Fick readings, which show the effect of (d) irritation of the entire left vagus ;
(e) application of saturated solution of carbonate of soda to the vagus. Trace
II. Ludwig shows effect of ( f) ligature of left vagus ; and (g) inhalation of
chloroform with rapid but temporary falls of pressure that frequentl y occur
when animals hold their breath at the commencement of the administration.
I t includes Fick readings 7 to 10, which show the effect of (h) pinching the
vagus with forceps ; (i ) irritation of the peripheral end of the vagus ;
( j ) evulsion of the toe-nails ; (k ) g r a d u a l d e a t h f r o m e t h e r .
October 30th.—No. 40.
Temperature of the room 26½, Cent. Full-sized pariah dog, the same that
had been used in Experiments Nos. 25. 26, and 27, in which experiments he
had shown a remarkable power of recovering after chloroform had been pushed
until he was to all appearances dead. Chloroformed in box at 1h . 59m. 42s.
Lying down at 2h. 5m. and placed on the table at 2h. 5m. 25s., being quite
under and with its cornea insensitive. Chloroform given from time to time.
Artery ligatured at 2h. 25m. 15s. Artificial respiration at 2h. 36m., but breath-
ing spontaneously again at 2h. 38m. 40s, Connection made with manometer
at 2h. 45m. 40s, Artificial respiration was again employed at 2h. 55m. 30s.
during an interruption in the tracing, but breathing became natural again a t
2h. 56m. Drum changed at 3h. 18m. 30s., and during interruption sciatie
nerve exposed. Drum changed again at 3h. 53m. 20s. Three Ludwig trac-
ings and three Fick. Animal just coming out of chloroform.
II. M.
s.
A. 2 45 40.—Inversion of the body, ride Fick 3.
B.
2 59
30.—
Do.
do.
C. 3
5
0.-Irritation of left vagus (entire) with coils distant 15
cent. It is doubtful if the irritation was efficient.
D. 3
7
0.—Irritation of the vagus after administration of
physostigmine.
F. 3
9 30.—Evulsion of toe-nail.
F. 3 29
0.—Irritation of the exposed sciatienerve with gradually
increased strength of current ; coil 15, 10, 5, and 0.
40
11 M.
S .
G. 4 11
0. —Irritation of left vagus, coil 15 after another dose
(1-50th of a grain) of physostigmine.
H . 4 21
0.
—Irritation of sciatic nerve again, coil 15.
Irritation of sciatic under increasing coil 15, 10
5 and 0.
I . 4 21 50.—Chloroform a d m i n i s t e r e d f o r 3 5 s e c o n d s .
J. 4 25
0. —Chloroform pushed The respiration stopped at
4h. 27m. 15s. After this there were occasional
gasps and at 4h. 29m. 30s. the needle in the heart
stopped moving. Artificial respiration was com-
menced at 4h. 30m. 10s. The animal quickly
recovered and breathed naturally at 4h. 31m. 15s.
K.
4 37
0.—Ether administered. Respiration again ceased tem-
porarily.
L. 4 42
0. —Chloroform p u s h e d a g a i n t i l l d e a t h .
Experiment No. 40 was frequently interrupted by clots forming in the
tubes. The experiment shows how very remarkable the success of artificial
respiration is in some apparently hopeless cases in restoring the circulation.
During Fick 12 the heart had ceased beating after the administration for two
minutes of concentrated chloroform vapour. Every body thought the dog
was dead, but he was easily restored by artificial respiration. Before the
observation at Fick reading 12, the animal had been kept under chloroform
off and on for two hours and a-half; and for the two minutes immediately
preceding the stoppage of the heart it had been pushed regardless of the
breathing. The explanation of the easy restoration of the animal by artificial
respiration is that he was suffering more from the effect of asphyxia than from
the effect of chloroform.
October 31st.—No. 41.
Temperature of the room 24 Cent. Full-sized healthy pariah with a wound
on the buttock. Placed in the chloroform box at 9h. 48m. Fell down 9h. 52m.
30s. Taken out of box and placed on the table at 9h. 56m. Cornea insensible
9h. 57m. Connection made with manometer at 10h. 21m. Three Ludwig
and one Fick tracings.
41
Trace I. Ludwig shows effect of—
H. M.
S.
A. 10 22 0. —Inhalation of chloroform with Junker, squeezed
40 times a minute, at the commencement of which
there was a striking but temporary hill of pres-
sure such as often accompanies the struggling
and holding breath that ensue when the first
whiffs of concentrated vapour are taken into the
air-passages. This fall shows that the Junker
apparatus interferes with the breathing.
B. 10 30 10.—Inhalation of ammonia.
C. 10 31 30. —Evulsion of toe-nails.
D. 10 33
0. —Extraction of teeth.
E. 10 40 30. —Irritation of nostril.
Trace II Ludwig shows effects of—
H.
M.
S.
F . 10 53
5. —Junker inhalation at the rate 20 squeezes a
minute.
G. 10 56
0. —Catching hold and snipping off a piece of the skins
of the anus.
H. 10 57 30.—Pushing chloroform after respiration has stopped,
and then artificial respiration.
I.
11
2
0.—Ligature of the right vagus.
J. 11
4
0. —Repetition of 3 and 4 and irritation of the central
end of the cat vagus after the respiration had
stopped.
Trace III. Ludwig shows effects of—
H . M. S.
K. 11 20 0.—Junker administration with 10 squeezes per minute.
L. 11 22 30.—Irritation of central end of right vagus when dog
" well under," but not in danger.
M. 11 44 0. —Artificial respiration, delayed for nearly a minute after
spontaneous respiration had ceased.
N. 11 50 0. —IIæmorrhage to 8 oz. from the femoral artery.
0. 11 55 O. —Continued administration of chloroform by Junker at
10 squeezes per minute.
G
42
A clot having been found, the experiment was closed by squeezing the
Junker apparatus rapidly 80 times a minute. The heart-beat (indicated by a
flag thrust into the heart) continued six minutes after the respiration had
entirely ceased and 3m. 15s. after the pulse was imperceptible.
The one Fick tracing includes 7 readings taken at periods indicated on the
third Ludwig tracing.
November 1st.—No. 42.
Temperature of the room 22½ Cent. Full-sized healthy pariah. Chloro-
formed and placed on the table at 8h. 18m. 20s. Hæmorrhage from the
mouth
w h i l e i n t h e b o x a b o u t 1 ½ o z . , t h e r e s u l t o f v i o l e n t s t r a n g u l a t i o n i n r e s t r a i n i n g h i s m o v e m e n t s . K e p t q u i e t w i t h c h l o r o f o r m a s b e f o r e . S t r u g g l e d
violently while taking some chloroform and in consequence was given an over-
dose. Artificial. respiration was resorted to at 8h. 22m. 50s., and was continued
till. 8h . 34m., but the dog did not recover. Post-mortem—Base of the left
lung engorged both sides of' the heart very much distended with venous
bl ood; val ves heal t hy.
This dog's death was undoubtedly the result of the reckless carelessness
which had marked the proceedings from the commencement, and Was due
quite as much to asphyxia as to c h l o r o f o r m .
November 1st.—No. 43.
Temperature of the room 23½ Cent. Full-sized healthy pariah. Chloro-
formed in the box as before. Placed on the table at. 10h. 5m . and kept quiet,
breathing stopped at. 10h. 13m. 30s. Artificial respiration until 10h. 14m. 30s.
Carotid ligatured at 10h. 17m. 30s. Canula inserted into the carotid at 10h. 20m.
Connection made with the manometer at 10h. 25m. Two Ludwig and one
Fick tracings.
Observations.
H. M.
S .
A. 10 25 0. —Administration of chloroform with Junker squeezed
10 times a minute, using the ordinary mouth-piece.
B. 10 30 20.—Administration of chloroform with the lead tube of
the Junker thrust into the nostril in place of the
mouth-piece, at first at the rate of 10 squeezes per
minute, afterwards 20.
43
H . M . S .
C.10 35 0.—Squirting a few minims of chloroform into the nostril.
D.10 44 20.—Administration of ether with a bladder, air being
admitted through a side opening every five seconds
(the ether administered in this way failed to keep
the dog in a state of anæsthesia).
Trace II. Ludwig shows effects of
—
H . M . S .
E.10 52 0.—Junker inhalation. with mouth-piece at 10 squeezes a
minute.
F. 11 5 30.—Rapid administration of chloroform with Junker as is
done frequently in hospitals, without attending to
the signs of danger, while the operation for phymosis
was being performed. The dog was dead after 10
minutes, very nearly four drachms of chloroform
being used.
November 1st.—No. 44.
Temperature of the room 25½ Cent. Full-sized well-developed pariah dog.
Into chloroform at 2h. 1m. Taken down at 2h. 11m. Put on dog board 2h. 11m.
30s. and kept under chloroform as before. Ligature of the carotid at. 2h. 17m.
40s. Connection made with manometer at 2h. 26m. 40s. Three Ludwig trac-
i ngs a nd t wo Fi c k. Tr a c e I . Ludwi g s hows e f f e c t s of a dmi ni s t r a t i on of e t he r
with. a bladder, air being admitted through a side opening every ten seconds.
(This failed to keep the animal under.) Trace II. Ludwig shows effects of ad-
ministration of ether with Junker's inhaler provided a close fitting mouth-
piece and also the effect of rapid hæmorrhage to 12 oz.. from the femoral artery.
Trace III. shows continued ether administration with Junker, and lastly death
by pushing chloroform, Fick readings:—
(1) Natural.
(2) During ether administration with bladder.
(3)
Do.
do.
do.
(4)
Do.
do.
do.
(5) Ether with Junker's inhaler ; animal " over".
(6) Ether immediately after 12 oz. hæmorrhage.
44
(7) Same as 5 ; but a little later the effect of the hæmorrhage still
marked.
(8) The same ; only more under the influence of ether.
(9) Just after ether was stopped
.
(10) Effect of chloroform pushed.
(11) Do.
do.
(12) Do. respiration stopped.
(13)The animal dying.
(14) Dead.
In this experiment (44) the figures (1), (2), (3), &c., refer to the Fick readings.
November 2nd.—No. 45.
Temperature of the room 23 Cent. Full-sized healthy pariah dog. Chloro-
formed at 9h. 52m. 45s. Fell down at. Oh. 58m. 15s. Put on the table at 10h.
1m. 25s. Kept, quiet, under chloroform. Respiration stopped and artificial
respiration at. 10h. 15m. Breathing spontaneously at. 10h. 15m. 40s. Carotid
artery ligatured at. 10h. 18m. 5s. Respiration stopped at 10h. 22m. 5s. Artificial
respiration until 10h. 23m. 5s. Connection made with manometer at. 10h. 29m.
30s. Three Ludwig and three Fick tracings. During trace I. Ludwig ether
was administered with bladder inhaler and a closely fitting mouth-piece, air
being admitted every fifth and afterwards every tenth respiration, but this failed
to keep the dog in a state of anæsthesia. Trace II. shows administration of
A. C. E. mixture by a Junkers inhaler, 10 squeezes per minute at first, then
20 squeezes, and finally with rapid squeezes. Trace III. shows the death of the
dog, the blood-pressure remaining at 32mm. The three Fick tracings give 15
readings at times marked upon the Ludwig tracings. Total A. C, E. mixture
used, 9 drachms.
November 2nd.—No. 46.
Temperature of the room 25 Cent. Full-sized healthy pariah. Chloro-
formed in box at 2h. 12m. 10s. Placed on the table at 2h. 26m. 30s. and. kept
quiet with chloroform. Artificial respiration 2h. 23m. 30s. to 2h. 30m. 50s.
Arter y ligatured 2h. 38m. 55s. Artificial. respiration again 2h. 42m. to 2h. 42m.
20s. Connection made with manometers at 2h. 46m. 30s, when the dog was
45
just coming out of chloroform. Two Ludwig and three Fick tracings. Trace
I. Ludwig was taken during the administration of A. C. E. mixture with Junker's
inhaler, at first at the rate of 10 squeezes a minute, afterwards rapidly. Dur-
ing trace II. Ludwig the A. C. E. administration was continued, but as the
effect was not sufficient, the bottle was filled up to 2 oz. with fresh A. C. E.,
after which the dog died rapidly, The three Fick tracings include 8 readings
taken at times noted on the Ludwig tracings. Total A. C. E. mixture used, 13½
drachms.
November 2nd.—No. 17.
Temperat ure of room 25½, Cent . Ful l -si zed heal t hy pari ah, t o whom ½ a
grain of morphine had been given hypodermically about ½ an hour before.
Given A. C. E. mixture on a cap 3h. 43m. Cornea insensible 3h. 44m. and
placed on the table quite under. Canula inserted into carotid 3h. 53m.
Cornea sensitive and gave more A. C. E. at. 3h. 56m. A. C. E. stopped again
3h. 57m. 45s. Connection made with manometer 3h. 57m. One Ludwig
one Fick trace showing the effect of killing the animal with A. C. E. on a. cap.
The quantity of A. C. E. used. was not measured.
November 4th.—No. 48.
Temperature of room 21 Cent. Unusually large strong pariah dog, which
had been fed habitually in the hospital.. Chloroformed in the box at. 7h. 22m.
Put on the table and cornea insensible at 7h. 44m. 10s. Artery ligatured
7m. 56m. 50s. Canula inserted into carotid at 8h. 7m. 15s. Connection made
with manometers at 8h. 34m. One Ludwig and one Fick tracings showing the
effect of pushing chloroform with the ordinary cap. Recovery appeared for a
few seconds to have been effected by artificial respiration, but he again ceased
breathing and died. Post-mortem-More fat than usual throughout the whole
body. A small cyst in the walls of the æsophagus. Heart healthy.
November 4th.—No. 49.
Temperature of room 23 Cent. Small-sized healthy pariah dog. Into
chloroform box at 9h. 44m. 40s. Placed on the table at. 10h. and kept. quiet
with chloroform. Carotid ligatured at. 10h. 9m. Connection with manometers
at. 10h. 20m. Three Ludwig and four Fick tracings. Trace I. Ludwig shows
effect of pushing first chloroform, then ether, and lastly A. C. E., and reviving
the dog each time with artificial respiration. Traces II, and III. show a repetition
46
of the above (administration of chloroform, ether, and A. C. E.) and finally
death from chloroform. The four Fick tracings include 25 readings at times
noted on the Ludwig tracings.
Observations.
H . M .
S .
A. 10 20 30.—Chloroform on cap.
B. 10 25 0. —Respi r at i on st opped and i mmedi at el y af t er war ds t he
heart's action was arrested. This is what is called
secondary syncope. It is not however syncope at
all, but is inhibition of the heart due to vagus
stimulation, and is a safeguard in that it delays the
conve y ance of the chloroform to the nerve centres.
(Vide Fick 2 and compare with Fick 8.)
C. 10 25 10. —Art i fi ci al respi rat i on showi ng t he easy rest orat i on
of the animal.
D. 10 30 20.—Ether on cap.
E. 10 33 35.—Respiration stopped.
F. 10 33 50.—Artificial respiration and gradual restoration.
G. 10 38 50. —A. C. E. mi xt ure on cap. Thi s observat i on shows
that chloroform, ether, and. the A. C. E. Mixture
produce precisely similar effects, only varying in
intensity.
H. 10 41 30. —Respi r at i on st opped. The same ar r est of t he hear t ' s
action subsequently took place as in observation
C. Compare Fick 8 and 9 with Fick 2 and 3.
I. 10 42 0.—Artificial respiration and gradual restoration.
J. 10 49 45.—Observation B repeated. The record is incomplete
on account of an interruption from clot.
K . 1 1
5 0 . — E t h e r , w i t h v e r y l i t t l e a i r , o n c a p . R e s p i r a t i o n
stopped at 11h. 9m. 30s. Artificial respiration at
11m. 10m. 0s, restored the animal.
L . 1 1
2 7 0 . — A . C . E . m i x t u r e o n c a p p u s h e d t i l l . s t o p p a g e o f t h e
respiration. Restoration by artificial respiration.
M . 1 1
3 9 4 5 . — C h l o r o f o r m o n c a p p u s h e d t i l l d e a t h .
47
November 4th.—No. 50.
Temperature of room 25 Cent. Strong mongrel. Into chloroform box at
2h. 27m. 50s. Placed on the table struggling violently at 2h. 38m., and was
given chloroform on a cap. Stopped breathing at 2h. 39m. 50s. Artificial
respiration was at once begun and the animal breathed spontaneously at 2h.
42m. Artificial respiration was again necessary almost immediately and failed
to restore natural respiration. Post-mortem showed that the abdominal cavity
was full of blood from rupture of the liver. The pericardium was adherent ;
valves healthy, Small abscesses in spleen and liver. This death was the
result of excessive zeal and energy in the performance of artificial respiration.
November 4th.—No. 51.
Temperature of room 25 Cent. Full-sized fairly-nourished pariah. Put
into chloroform box at 2h. 50m. 55s. Fell down at 2h. 55m. Placed on the
dog-board at 2h.58m. 15s. Artery ligatured at. 3h. 5m. 30s. Connection made
with the manometers at 3h. 12m. 40s. One Ludwig and one Fick tracing.
The Ludwig tracing shows (a) the depressing effect of thrusting a needle into
the heart ; (b) a slighter but distinct, depression while struggling at the
commencement of ether administration ; (c) death from ether when pushed
w i t h a n o r d i n a r y c a p c o v e r e d w i t h M a c k i n t o s h . T h e F i c k t r a c i n g i n c l u d e s s e v e n d i s t i n c t r e a d i n g s a t t i m e s n o t e d i n t h e L u d w i g t r a c e . T h e r e a d i n g s
along the top of the Fick tracing were produced by a system of Marey's tam-
b ours connected with a needle in the heart. Post-mortem—Heart healthy ;
liver ruptured. but only a small quantity of blood in the abdomen.
11. M.S.
A . 3 1 3
3 0 . — N e e d l e t h r u s t i n t o t h e h e a r t .
B . 3 1 6 0 . — E t h e r a d m i n i s t e r e d ; t h e e f f e c t o f s t r u g g l i n g c a u s e d
slowing of the heart, exactly in the same way as it,
does under chloroform, and is well shown in Fick I.
C. 3 22 50.—Respiration stopped.
D. 3 23 20.—Artificial respiration : death.
November 4th.-No. 52.
Temperature of room 25½ Cent. Full-sized strong pariah put into the
chloroform box at 3h. 38m. Fallen down at 3h. 40m. 50s. Placed on the table
at 3h. 42m, 45s. and kept quiet with chloroform. Carotid artery ligatured
48
3h. 49m. 50s. Canula inserted 3h. 58m. 40s, Connection made with manometers
at 4h. One Ludwig and two Fick tracings during
—
(A) Administration of A. C. E. with marked but intermittent falls in
the blood-pressure during struggling.
(B) Pushing A. C. E. until respiration stopped.
(C) Artificial respiration.
(D) Thrusting a needle into the heart.
(E) Pushing A. C. E. until death resulted.
Pos-mortem— Organs healthy. Above two drachms of blood in the
pericardium.
Observation
s .
H . M . S .
A. 4 3 0.—A. C. E. mixture : struggling. and consequent irre-
gularities in the fall of blood-pressure of precisely
the same kind as those which occur under similar
circumstances with chloroform and with ether :
a needle was thrust into the heart twice during the
observation. The A. C. E. mixture was pushed till.
stoppage of the respiration at 4h. 5m, 0s. A. needle
was thrust. into the heart again at. 4h. 9m. 20s.
duri ng revi val ; and t he depressi ng effect of t hi s
operation is well shown in the tracing.
B . 4 1 1 3 0 . — A . C . E . m i x t u r e p u s h e d t i l l r e s p i r a t i o n s t o p p e d :
death. In Experiment 52 the effect on the heart, of
holding the breath is very frequently demonstrated
in the Ludwig tracing from 4h. 11m. 35s. to
4h. 12m. 0s. and in the Fick I. tracing 4.
November 5th.—No. 53.
Temperature of the room 23 Cent. Full-sized pariah dog. Into chlo-
roform box at 7h. 47m. 20s. Fallen down. at. 7h. 57m. Placed on the table at
8h. 2m. 15s. Artery ligatured at. 8h. 17m. 20s, Canula inserted at 8h. 23m.
30s. Connection made with manometers at 8h. 27m. 30s. Two Ludwig and
two Fick tracings. The tracings show the effect of pushing first chloroform
and afterwards ether administered on an impervious cap, and finally killing
with chloroform. They also show the effect of thrusting a needle into the
heart, and the continued irritation caused by its presence, Post-mortem—