NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( 19 )
IV
by Veterinary Assistant Surgeons on tour during 1941-42
Treated for contagious diseases
Bovines
4,091
2,850
2,784
2,624
1,245
749
718
236
168
445
1,519
3,180
977
427
780
3,420
1,556
311
747
1,020
840
116
327
872
1,956
646
5,196
38
1,318
292
3,861
729
463
6,776
5,104
2,977
236
665
899
180
838
1,278
319
2,263
2,080
126
130
374
70,191
58,695
68,875
Equnies
..
..
2
2
1
43
4
23
..
11
11
..
6
..
1
..
4
4
64
3
5
4
7
..
2
..
..
..
..
1
..
1
..
..
..
2
..
..
17
3
2
..
11
12
..
4
..
3
253
141
221
Others
503
1
1
84
1
3
4
148
..
4
6
1
3
..
2
..
2
8
188
14
..
8
1
..
..
..
5
..
..
..
6
..
..
4
203
337
..
..
2
6
..
..
..
41
..
..
..
23
1,559
1,005
3,107
Total
4,594
2,851
2,737
2,660
1,247
795
726
407
163
460
1,536
3,181
986
427
783
3,420
1,562
323
999
1,037
845
128
335
872
l,95e
646
6,201
38
1,318
293
8,867
730
463
6,780
5,307
3,316
236
665
918
189
340
1,278
330
2,316
2,080
130
130
400
72,003
59,841
72,203
Treated for non-contagious diseases
Bovines
1,076
1,184
2,098
2,321
1,047
2,489
1,445
1,406
890
574
1,214
1,119
1,372
1,258
2,473
2,675
1,169
850
6,455
730
820
1,101
303
262
589
786
3,119
1,914
476
591
546
851
690
1,906
654
3,365
528
2,305
3,877
1,161
2,339
1,766
1,529
1,475
394
928
427
630
69,077
60,608
49,020
Eqaines
38
7
236
93
222
288
144
266
54
89
92
12
71
9
155
126
30
139
577
42
35
38
12
..
21
..
205
13
..
66
8
27
5
164
42
974
17
47
115
29
12
18
62
209
..
54
59
40
4,962
4,375
4,979
Others
9
1
16
76
56
85
93
802
36
46
46
21
12
8
183
114
8
50
395
22
46
56
3
..
..
4
742
45
..
7
12
18
..
75
41
916
2
57
80
24
12
25
19
108
..
38
149
68
4,626
4,269
3,430
Total
1,123
1,142
2,350
2,490
1,325
2,862
1,682
2,474
980
709
1,352
1,152
l,455
1,275
2,811
2,915
1,207
1,039
7,427
794
901
1,195
318
262
610
740
4,066
1,972
476
664
566
896
695
2,145
737
5,255
547
2,409
4,072
1,214
2,363
1,809
1,610
1,792
394
1,020
635
738
78,665
69,252
57,429
Total number of
castrations per-
formed
and
cases treated
6,134
4,501
7,425
6,891
3,776
6,018
2,862
3,826
1,691
1,452
3,559
4,953
3,021
2,214
4,139
7,341
8,869
1,734
10,283
1,983
2,165
1,812
1,185
1,506
2,832
1,467
10,885
2,276
2,393
1,218
5,258
2,190
1,354
9,423
6,177
9,281
2,538
3,594
7,825
2,006
3,214
3,532
2,125
4,678
2,582
1,430
2,274
1,610
1,86,497
1,62,356
1,56,636
4
( 20 )
TABLE VI-A
Statement showing the Number of Approved Bulls at Stud in the United Provinces during 1941-42
Name of district
Muzaffarnagar ..
Meerut
..
Bulandshahr
..
Aligarh
Partabgath
Total
Total for 1940-41
Number of approved bulls at stud
Present on
1st April,
1941
Property of Gov-
ernment
224
185
157
127
96
789
644
480
Property of local
bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
3
Property of
others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Obtained during the year
Number
Government
49
104
46
9
15
222
198
383
Local bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Average price
paid per head
Government
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Looal bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Casualties
daring the
year
Government
24
21
14
14
6
79
60
78
Local bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Balance in hand on
31st March, 1942
Go v e r
n me n t
248
268
189
122
105
932
782
644
Local bodi es
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
3
Ot her s
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Tot al
248
268
189
122
105
932
785
647
Net cost for the year
for the issue and
maintenance of
stud bulls
Government
Rs.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Local bodies
Rs.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
Rs.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Total
Rs.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Population of cows over 8 years accord-
ing to oensus
74,509
98,146
63,413
46,425
104,413
386,906
336,906
336,906
Number of
bulls
Required to bo maintained at
one per
hundred cows
745
981
634
464
1,044
3,868
3,868
3,868
Short of requirements
497
713
445
342
939
2,936
3,088
3,086
Number of cows covered daring the year
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
( 21 )
TABLE VI-B
Statement showing the Number of Approved Male Buffaloes at Stud in the United Provinces during 1941-42
Name of district
Muzaffarnagar ..
Meerut
Bulandshahr
Aligarh
Partabgarh
..
Total
Total for 1940-41
Total for 1939-40
Number of approved bulls at stud
Present on
l3t April,
1941
Property of Gov-
ernment
19
1
8
5
14
47
24
30
Property of Local
bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
2
Property of others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Obtained during the year
Number
Government
3
4
..
12
..
19
25
2
Local bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Average price-
paid per head
Government
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Local bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Casualties
daring the
year
Government
6
..
..
1
..
7
4
8
Local bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Balance in hand
on 3lst March,
1942
Government
16
5
8
16
14
59
45
24
Local bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
2
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Total
16
5
8
16
14
59
47
26
Net cost for the year for
the issue and mainte-
nance of stud bulls
Government
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Local bodies
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Total
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Population of she-buffaloes
ove
according to census
86,947
165,040
140,394
162,458
79,519
684,358
684,353
634,358
Number of
bulls
Required to bo maintained
at one per hundred she-
buffaloes.
869
1,650
1,404
1,625
795
6,843
6,341
6,341
Short of requirements
853
1,645
1,396
1,609
781
6,284
6,294
6,315
Number of she-buffaloes
covered
during the year
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
( 22 )
TABLE VI-C
Statement showing Number of Approved Horse and Donkey Stallions at Stud in the United Provinces
during 1941-42
Year
Total for 1941-42
Total for 1940-41
Total for 1939-40
Number on 1st April,
1941
Horses
Govornment
83
80
57
Local bodies
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
Donkeys
Government
8
9
9
Local
bodies
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
Obtained during the
year
Horses
Government
7
10
31
Local bodies
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
Donkeys
Government
1
..
..
Local bodies
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
Casualties during
the year
Horses
Government
9(a)
7
8
Local bodies
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
Donkeys
Government
..
1
..
Local bodies
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
Balance on 31st
March, 1942
Horses
Government
81
83
80
Local bodies
..
..
..
Others
..
..
Donkeys
Government
9
8
9
Local bodies
..
..
..
Others
..
..
..
Number of mares
covered
Hor s es
2,849
2,687
2,027
Donke ys
251
344
237
Fopnlation of
mares
Hor s es
200,493
200,493
142,414
Donke ys
20,896
20,896
19,712
(a) Sold
..
..
Destroyed
..
..
Total
6
3
9
( 23 )
TABLE VII
Abstract of Particulars regarding Cattle Fairs and Shows held in the United Provinces during the year 1941-42
Year
Total in 1941-
42.
Total in 1940-
41.
Total in 1939-
40.
Number of cattleffairs and shows
held
52
48
49
Total number of stock present
Bulls
5,474
3,194
6,839
Bullocks
126,921
163,245
230,334
Cows
20,360
19,710
16,173
Young stock
120,330
119,796
124,411
Buffaloes
20,401
19,732
28,045
Camels
59,352
76,330
25,061
Others
50,450
37,080
52,537
Average price of
animals sold
Bulla
Rs.
71
55
71
Bullocks
Rs
55
50
56
Cows
Rs.
34
35
31
Buffaloes
Rs.
74
62
56
Camels
Rs.
89
77
77
Amo u n t r e a l i z e d in fees
Rs.
92,353
141,852
124,486
Total number
of animals that
competed lor prizes
15,706
11,969
9,582
Prize money provided
From provincial funds
Rs.
4,437
5,016
2,731
From local funds
Rs.
878
1,140
1,234
From other sources
Rs.
917
1,431
1,592
Total
Rs.
6,232
7,587
5,557
Amount actually awarded
Rs
6,183
7,254
5,425
Number of medals a
..
2
85
( 24 )
TABLE VIII
Statistics of Live-stock Slaughtered in recognized Slaughter-houses in the United Provinces during 1941-42
Year
Total for 1941-42
Total for 1940-41
Total for 1939-40
Number of recognized
slaughter-houses for
Cattle
and
buffaloes
Government
3
3
5
Looal bodies
141
144
137
Sheep
and
goats
Government
3
5
6
Local bodies
177
178
171
Pigs
Government
..
..
2
Local bodies
8
10
7
Others
Government
..
..
..
Local bodies
2
4
4
Number of unlicensed slaughter-houses
35
42
39
Number of animals slaughtered
COWS
125,470
126,331
135,379
Bul l a and bul l
ocks
71,156
55,851
63,638
Cal ves
15,044
15,970
28,626
Buf f
a l
oe s
242,229
180,891
154,198
Sheep
329,965
298,576
388,382
Goat s
729,659
643,887
679,297
Pigs
855
1,678
2,759
Ot her animals
5,260
1,832
5,050
Slaughter fee per head
Cat t l e
A.
4
4
4
p.
0
2
2
Buf f
a l
oe s
A.
3
4
4
p.
10
1
1
Sheep and goats
A.
1
1
1
p.
5
6
5
Pigs
A.
8
7
4
p.
9
6
0
Ot her s
A.
4
4
5
p.
3
0
3
( 25 )
TABLE IX
Statement showing Cost of the Civil Veterinary Department in the
United Provinces during the official year 1941-42
Head of account
1
41—Veterinary
A—Superintendence
..
..
Authorized
.. ..
Charged
..
..
B—Veterinary Instructions
..
..
C—Subordinate establishment
..
D—Hospitals and Dispensaries
..
E—Breeding Operations
..
..
F—Prizes
G—Other Charges ..
„
H—Charges in England—
Authorized
..
..
Charged
J—Works
Total
Less total receipts for the year
Net cost
Amount
2
Rs. a. p.
..
79,371
28,182
58,618
34,568
1,83,992
1,57,439
4,871
11,910
4
12
6
7
10
10
8
9
8
0
0
0
9
8
0
0
..
3,610
2,852
5,60,418
1,33,684
4,26,734
7
7
2
2
0
6
6
1
0
1
Remarks
3
( 26 )
TABLE X
Showing the Total Strength of Veterinary Officers and Staff employed in the
United Provinces as it stood on 31st March, 1942
Designation
Director
..
..
..
Circle Superintendents
„
Veterinary Inspectors ..
..
Veterinary Inspector for Torai and
Bhabar
Government
Estates,
district Naini Tal.
Veterinary
Assistant
Burgeons
employed under district boards.
Veterinary Assistant
Burgeons
employed
under
municipal
boards.
Veterinay Assistant Surgeons em-
ployed under Tarai and Bhabar
Government Estates.
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon em-
ployed under Garhwal Bhabar
Estates.
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons em-
ployed on Animal Husbandry
work.
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons em-
ployed on Special Tract Scheme.
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon em-
ployed at the Bovine Lymph
Depot, Patwndangar (Naini Tal).
Veterinary
Assistant
Surgeons,
Headquarters staff.
Stockmen employed on Animal
Husbandry work.
Stockmen employed on Rural Deve-
lopment work.
Compounders
..
..
Veterinary Demonstrator
..
Whether paid from
Provincial, Central
or Local Funds
Provincial
..
Do.
Do.
Tarai and Bhabar
Government Es-
tates.
Provincial
..
Fourteen paid from
Provincial and 3
from local funds.
Tarai and Bhabar
Government Es-
tates.
Garhwal
Bhabar
Estates.
Provincial
..
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
..
Do. ..
Gazet-
ted
officers
1
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Subor-
dinate
staff
..
..
27(a)
1
174
17
3
1
4
3
1
24(b)
25
169
6(c)
1
Staff employed under schemes financed jointly by the United Provinces
Government and the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research.
Veterinary Investigation Officer ..
Assistant
Disease
Investigation
Officer (Poultry).
Veterinary Inspector for Investiga-
tion work.
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons for
Investigation work.
Central and Prov-
incial.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Total ..
1
..
..
..
5
..
1
1
2
460(d)
Remarks
(a) Inoludea the Veteri.
nary Inspectors—
1. Incharge Government
Stallion Depot, Morad-
abad.
2. Incharge Tissue Virus
Section, Lucknow.
3. Incharge
Central
Laboratory, Lucknow.
4. Incharge Government
Sheep Farm, Bodbpura,
district Jalaun.
5. Incharge Compoun-
ders and
Stockmen
Training Class, Lucknow
(temporary).
(b) Includes one Veteri-
nary
Assistant
Surgeon employed
in
Tissue Virus
Section.
(c) Includes the com-
pounder attached to
the
Agricultural
College, Veterinary
Hospital, Cawnpore,
(d) Includes 3 paid from
local funds.
( 27 )
TABLE XI
Showing Breeding Results at the Government Sheep Farm, Bodhpura, district Jalaun, for the year 1941-42
Class
1
Bikaneri
Jalauni
..
Bikaneri
Cross
Breed.
Total
Average
number
of ewes
present
during
the year
2
121
49
7
177
Total
number
of
births
3
65
24
3
92
Percent-
age
4
per cent.
54
49
43
52
Previous two years
1940-41
Average
number
of ewes
present
during
the year
5
170
63
..
233
Total
number
of
births
6
81
37
..
118
Percent-
age
7
per cent.
48
59
..
51
1939-40
Average
number
of ewes
present
daring
the year
8
85
60
..
145
Total
number
of
births
9
55
50
..
105
Percent-
age
10
per cent.
65
83
..
74
Remarks
11
The percentage is
less because 49
ewes
were
re-
jected and sold
and
10
ewes
selected for Delhi
show were not
mated, the ewes
mated in Novem-
ber,
1941
are
lambing in April,
1942, so
these
births
will be
added
in
next
year's statement.
REPORT
OF AN
INVESTIGATION IN REGARD TO THE PREVALENCE
OF
"STEGOMYIA" AND OTHER MOSQUITOES IN KARACHI,
AND THE
MEASURES NECESSARY FOR THEIR CONTROL.
BY
DR. K. S. MHASKAR, M.D., M.A., B.Sc. (Bombay),
D.P.H., D.T.M. & H.(Cant.),
Officer on Special Duty.
1913.
BOMBAY:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
REPORT
OF AN
INVESTIGATION IN REGARD TO THE PREVALENCE
OF
" STEGOMYIA" AND OTHER MOSQUITOES IN KARACHI,
AND THE
MEASURES NECESSARY FOR THEIR CONTROL.
BY
DR. K. S. MHASKAR, M.D.,M.A.,B.SC. (Bombay).
D.P.H., D.T.M. & H.(Cant.),
Officer on Special Duty.
1913.
BOMBAY:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
1913
No, 26 of 1913.
From
DR. K. S. MHASKAR, M.A., B.Sc, M.D., D. P. H.,
D. T. M. & H.,
Special Officer in charge of Stegomyia Survey, Karachi.
To
THE SURGEON-GENERAL WITH THE GOVERNMENT
OF BOMBAY,
Bombay.
Through The Principal Medical Officer, Sind District, Karachi.
Civil Hospital, Karachi, 20th February 1913.
Sir,
In presenting this report on " Investigation into the prevalence of
Stegomyia and other Mosquitoes in the Port of Karachi and the measures
necessary for their control," I wish to express my sincere thanks due to Dr. E. D.
Shroff, M. R. C. S., D. P. H., for his kindness in placing his sanitary inspectors at
my disposal from time to time, a favour which greatly facilitated the work, and
also for the directions and help which have been of the greatest assistance.
The information given in Chapters I and II has been derived from Govern-
ment Resolutions, Sind Gazetteer, the Municipal administration report and the
annual report of the trade of Sind. But most useful of all has been. Dr. Bent-
ley's report on Malaria in Bombay on which the outlines of this report were
based, as also the information obtained at the Malaria Conference, Madras,
November 1912.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
K. S. MHASKAR,
M.D., D. P. H.,
Special Officer in charge Stegomyia Survey.
305—
iii
11. Every endeavour should be made to instruct the people how
mosquitoes live and have their being and how they are responsible for the
spread of disease.
12. The staff proposed in Dr. Mhaskar's third scheme seems to me
sufficient for the present needs of the Municipality bearing in mind their
financial resources and the necessity for considerable expenditure in connection
with measures mentioned above. This proposed additional staff should be
amalgamated with the present staff of the Health Department and the duties
of the various officers re-arranged so as to include among their other duties the
periodical inspection of houses, wells, etc., with the object of detecting and
removing mosquito breeding places and the instruction of the inhabitants in
the life history of mosquitoes.
13. Although not relative to the present inquiry, I think it is necessary
to draw attention to the large number of deaths which occur each year from
plague in Karachi and to suggest that measures to combat this disease are
called for more urgently than for any other disease; it seems that familiarity
with plague has bred some contempt for it.
INDEX.
CHAPTER I.—YELLOW FEVER—INDIES FUTURE DANGER ...
Section 1.—Introductory
...
...
...
...
„
2.—Yellow Fever
...
...
...
...
...
CHAPTER II.—BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF KARACHI
...
...
...
Section 1.—Descriptive
„
2.—Climatic Data—Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity and Wind Pre-
valence
...
...
...
...
...
,,
3.=Population
„
4.—Maritime trade ...
...
...
...
.
.,
5.—Municipal Administration
Sanitation.
„
6.—Vital Statistics
CHAPTER III.—THE MOSQUITOES OF KARACHI
Section 1.—Breeding Places ...
...
Harbour, Shipping, Civil Lines, Lyari and other quarters.
„
2.— Summary and Distribution by locality
CHAPTER IV.—THE MOSQUITOES OF KARACHI
...
Section 1.—Classification
„
2.—Stegomyia Fasciata
...
•••
...
„
3.—Other Mosquitoes ...
„
4.—Natural enemies o£ Mosquitoes
CHAPTER V.—PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Section Ï.—Summary
,,
2.—Measures suggested
„
3.—Artificial means for destroying
larvæ
..
CHAPTER VI.—THE COST OF MOSQUITO PREVENTION IN KARACHI
Section 1—The Schemes
,,
2.—Outline of work ...
CHAPTER VII.—FINAL CONCLUSIONS
...
...
..
MAPS.
1. Map of the World showing trade routes
...
... To face page
2. Map of Karachi and its environs
...
..
...
3. Map of Kiamari, Harbour, and Manora
...
.
4. Map of Karachi showing quarters, marshy lands mangrove
swamps and undrained areas
...
...
...
„
PLATE.
5. Stegomyiata Fasciata
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX I.—CLIMATIC DATA.
Table 1.—Temperature averages
„ 2.—Vapour tension and Humidity ...
„ 3.—Rainfall and Winds
APPENDIX II.—
Table 4. A—Area of quarters, number of houses and populatiou and density
,, 4. B
Do.
do.
do.
in groups ...
„ 5.—Population according to areas
„ 6.—Deaths from various causes
Page.
1
1
1
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
9
9
12
15
15
15
17
17
19
19
19
22
23
23
25
27
1
3
9
10
15
30
31
32
33
34
34
34
H 305—c
2
2. Geographical Distribution.—Its geographical range is most restricted.
Its centre is in the "West Indies whence it spreads north to the United States
and Mexico, south to Brazil, west to Central America and across the Isthmus
of Panama to the Pacific Coast, along which it extends north to the Gulf of
California and south to Peru. It has frequently been imported into Portugal
and Spain and once into Italy, and cases have occurred in sea-port towns of
France and England—Brest and Swansea as also in Mauritius, Marseilles
and Gibralter.
3. Epidemiology.—Atmospheric temperature has a definite influence,
requiring for its development in the intermediate host—S. Fasciata—a tem-
perature of over 75° F., in which alone it flourishes and is active. Dampness
favours it. Its favourable haunts are the sea-coast towns, the banks of rivers
and flat delta country, rarely extending inwards; and when it does, it follows
the lines of communication, e. g. railways, canals, etc.
4. The incubation period averages 3 to 5 days and has an extreme limit
of 13 days. Occasionally the virus remains in the ship from the time she left
port, infecting the crew several weeks after the ship has been at sea—thus
giving a mistaken idea of a long incubation period.
5. The Germ.—The Yellow Fever patient is dangerous to his neighbours,
only during the first 3 days of disease; after this he ceases to confer infection.
One phase of the germ as it exists in blood is ultramicroscopic. The S. Fasoiata
acts as the intermediate host and is capable of giving the infection to non-
immunes at any time subsequent to the 12th day of their Yellow Fever blood
meal, and they retain their infective power for at least 57 days. The mosquito
itself is capable of surviving for five months or over, after getting a feed
of blood.
6. It has been noted that the 8. Fasciata must first have a feed of blood
before they lay their eggs and that the virus is capable of being passed on to
the next generation by means of its eggs. Also that before the first egg-laying
S. Fasciata is both diurnal and nocturnal but subsequently she is strictly
nocturnal. Therefore a 8. Fasciata biting during the day does not convey
Yellow Fever. 8. Fasciata is a good traveller (Gorgas) and an infected mosquito
shipped by accident would suffice to set the whole tropical section of Eastern
hemisphere—ablaze.
MAP No: 2
Litho: Govt. Photozinco Office, Poona, 1913.
7
The following return gives the total deaths recorded under different
headings with the calculated death-rate against each :—
Causes of death.
Fever
Small-pox
Cholera
Accidents
Stomach and bowel
complaints
...
Plague
...
Other causes
1911-12.
Number of
deaths.
828
11
9
31
123
2,768
2,818
Death-rate
per mille. •
5.64
007
0.06
2.20
0.83
18.71
19.05
1910-11.
Number of
deaths.
668
24
38
23
83
1,681
2,799
Death-rate
per mille.
4.51
0.16
0.35
0.15
0.56
11.36
18.92
1909-10.
Number of
deaths.
696
12
•••
20
88
2,069
2,283
Death-rate
per mille.
6.40
0.11
• • •
0.18
0.80
19.04
21.01
The total number of births (exclusive of still-born) recorded in 1910-11
was 6,553 and the birth-rate is 52.89 per mille. The infant mortality for the
same period being 225 per 1,000 infants born :—
1906-07
1907-08
1908-09
1909-10
1910-11
1911-12
Year.
• • •
•• •
...
...
...
• • •
•
• •
...
Number of births.
5,432
6,070
6,336
6,083
6,553
6,279
Birth-rate
per 1,000 of
census population.
49.99
55,87
58.13
55.99
44.31
42.46
Census population.
108,654
• •a
• •.
...
147,876
...
MAP No: 3
Litho: Govt. Photozinco; Office, Poona, 1913.
10
3. Baba and Bhit Islands are fishing places. There are no permanent
breeding places here, except the west shore which is an extensive mangrove
swamp affected by the tide twice a day.
I.—S. Fasciata found in gharras.
II and III.—Anophelines and Culex, nil.
4. Shipping.—The native barges on the native jetty and Ghas Bunder
are of three kinds :—(1) those plying on the coast of Sind are light in
structure and have a small tub or two for their water-supply; (2) those that
ply between the adjacent coast-ports of Cutch and Mandvi and Veraval are
somewhat heavily built and carry small casks sufficient to carry a supply for
8 days at the most; (3) are vessels coming from over long distances, i. e.
Malabar, Ceylon and Persian Gulf; these carry well-like wooden casks over
12 feet deep and had a narrow opening on top with a very badly fitting cover.
The water carried in these was taken up at the initial port of call.
I.—S, Fasciata were found in (1) bat with difficulty in some of
those of (2), while all attempts to examine those of (3) were futile,
because of the nature of the cask and the small hole on top.
The bilge water in not one, showed any kind of larvæ. This water was
very foul from being mixed up with all kinds of stuff, and often emitted a
hydrogen-sulphide odour.
III.—Culex, nil,
No other species of Stegomyia was found.
The city has been divided into 22 quarters for the purposes of the Munici-
pality. For the better elucidation of the breeding places and further to
facilitate the work of prevention, I have grouped the several quarters into three
parts A, B and 0. Each of these has several characters in common and
stand out as distinct types from the rest (viz. Table IV-A).
Group A.
1. The Civil Lines.
2. Frere Town, etc.
S. Railway and Queen's Road.
4. Serai.
5. Rambaugh.
6 Preedy.
7. Garden.
8. Ghizree.
Group B.
9. Old Town.
10. Napier.
11. Market.
12. Bunder.
13. Jail.
14. Runchore.
15. Ramswami.
16. Soldier Bazar.
17. Sadar Bazar.
Group (7.
18. Lyari.
19. Machi Meani.
20. Kiamari,
21. Manora, Baba and Bhit.
22. Shamspir, etc.
Group A is characterised by well-to-do residents having houses with
gardens and big compounds, out-houses and stables.
5. In the European quarter, i.e., the Civil Lines, Frere Town Railway and
Queen's Road as also the portion included within Cantonment limits, masonry
garden tanks and mud channels or brick-work channels from these to various
parts of the garden and catch water pits by far predominate. There are no
wells and no municipal drainage. There is an extensive area of low marshy
land near the road to Clifton, and another to the west of the Commissioner's
compound; these are very sparsely covered with low bushes and weeds and
show incrustation of salt on the surface. The effect of the spring-tides is felt
here; the water stagnates and the puddles, which are shaded by weeds, etc.,
harboured numerous larvæ of anopholines in September. Latterly they were
MAP No: 4
Litho: Govt. Photozinco; Office, Poona, 1913.
14
iii. The Culex has a universal distribution, but the Lyari is the
worst. The Culex and the flies are equal pests of Karachi.
The following table gives the percentage distribution of each of the three
in different localities. The percentages are deduced from the ratio of the actual
number of breeding places to the possible ones of each class.
Civil Lines and Frere town ...
Group A. Rambagh, Preedy and Serai ...
Garden
Group B.
Lyari
Group C. Machi Meani
...
...
(.Kiamari and Harbour
...
1. S. Fasciata. ii.
... 30%
... 10%
... 4%
... 40%
... 30%
Anophelines. iii.
15%
6%
11%
3%
Culex.
20%
20%
20%
207
40%
STEGOMYIA
FASCIATA