NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
(2)
Messrs. T. S. Davies and S. M. Raza Husain held charge of
their respective circles throughout the year. Khan Sahib Chaudhry
Ghulam Qadir was on four months' leave from 11th May, 1935 to 10th
September, 1935. M. Muhammad Tahir Mirza, Veterinary Inspector,
officiated as Superintendent, Allahabad Circle.
3. Mr. H. B. Shahi, Veterinary Investigation Officer, remained
on tour for 185 days and visited 15 districts. He visited Muktesar in
the month of May and remained there for 10 weeks on the investigation
of an obscure canine disease recently brought to the notice of the
department. During the latter part of January and February, 1936,
he visited Calcutta and Delhi in connexion with the Tissue Virus
technique and the Animal Husbandry Research Workers' Conference
respectively. In addition to the above he worked on the following
diseases and their treatment:
(1) Doyle's disease (Ranikhet disease).
(2) A type of canine septicaemia.
(3) Contagious ecthyma in goats.
(4) Coccidiosis.
(5) Tuberculosis and Johne's disease.
(6) Leishmaniasis.
(7) Bovine contagious abortion.
(8) Necrosis of the horn.
He also supervised the treatment of surra in the different centres,
and the manufacture of Tissue Vaccine against rinderpest at the
Research Station, Lucknow.
CHAPTER II
TREATMENT OF DISEASES
Contagious diseases
Mortality—Table II.
4. The mortality from epidemic diseases during the year in-
creased from 27,294 to 29,332, rinderpest being
responsible for the increase.
(a) Equine
Table II.
5. The death roll under this head was 262 against 177 in the
previous year.
Glanders.
Thirty-one cases of glanders were detected in the districts of
Dehra Dun, Saharanpur, Farrukhabad, Etawah
and Cawnpore. These animals were destroyed
and necessary precautionary measures were taken.
Anthrax.
No case of this disease was reported during the year.
(3)
Surra.
Further progress in the treatment of this disease was made
during the year under review and 1,349 cases
were treated as compared with 329 in the last
year as per details below:—
Name of district
1.
2,
3.
4.
5.
6
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Saharanpur .. ..
Muzaffarnagar .. ..
Meerut .. ..
Bulandshahr .. ..
Aligarh .. ..
Mainpuri .. ..
Bareilly .. ..
Etawah .. .. ..
Banda .. ..
Mirzapur .. ..
Basti .. ..
Naini Tal .. ..
Garhwal .. ..
Gonda .. ..
Bahraich .. ..
Name of treatment
centre
Saharanpur .. ..
Deoband .. ..
Muzaffarnagar ..
Shamli .. ..
Meerut .. ..
Ghaziabad .. ..
Baraut .. ..
Bulandshahr ..
Sikandrabad .. ..
Aligarh .. ..
Shikohabad .. ..
Baberi ..
Etawah .. ..
Takha .. ..
Phaphund .. ..
Mahewa .. ..
Atarra .. ..
Baberu .. ..
Robertsganj .. ..
Shohratgarh .. ..
Haldwani .. ..
Kitcha .. ..
Ramnagar ..
Dogadda .. ..
Balrampur .. ..
Nanpara .. ..
Total ..
Number of cases
treated
158
21
171
258
41
54
21
14
6
79
101
34
81
65
17
19
2
1
1
2
156
13
2
26
5
1
1,349
( 4 )
Of these 60 died during the course of treatment and 48 after having
been treated and discharged. Thirty deaths were reported before
treatment was adopted.
From the above it will be seen that the disease has a wide dig.
tribution in the provinces and though the distribution is unequal it is
sufficient to indicate the presence of the disease and the transmitting
agents in these centres. The principal reason for the apparently
high mortality during and after treatment was the advanced stage of
the disease and the debilitated condition of these animals when brought
for treatment.
In carrying out the treatment of this disease the staff is handi-
capped for want of proper hospital facilities and for lack of accom-
modation for patients when undergoing treatment. It is hoped that
these defects will be remedied in the near future.
The treatment has been taken up as a routine in most hospitals in
the province and its efficacy is being recognized. Cases of relapses in
mules have again been reported from some centres, though it has been
difficult to get a sufficient number under proper observation. This
year it is intended to elucidate the causation of these relapses in mules
and to investigate the possibilities of counteracting the factors that lead
to the cerebro-spinal manifestations after these animals are discharged
in good condition.
Other diseases.
Seventy-two deaths from other diseases were reported this year as
compared with 78 in the preceding year, these
included piroplasmosis, strangles, tetanus and
other parasitic diseases.
(b) Bovine
Rinderpest—Table II.
6. The mortality reported from this disease was 18,517 as com-
pared with 15,078 in the previous year. The
mortality was highest in the districts of Agra,
Cawnpore, Fatehpur, Unao and Meerut. In Agra the number of
deaths was 1,458 as compared with 1,535 in the previous year. In
each of the other districts the mortality was over 1,000.
Anti -rinderpest
in-
oculations—Table III.
7. Inoculation against this disease was undertaken in 1,128
outbreaks during the year and the number of
inoculations performed is as follows:—
(1) Serum alone inoculations .. .. ..
(2) Serum simultaneous inoculations .. ..
(3) Tissue Virus inoculations .. .. ..
Total ..
30,611
96
134,555
165,262
The Tissue Virus method of inoculation is rapidly gaining popular-
ity in the villages and with a better equipped and better trained
staff and local bodies becoming more receptive and appreciative of the
advantages of the product to the stock-owning public, this method
will replace all forms of serum protection.
( 5 )
Foot-and-mouth dis-
ease—Table II.
8. Foot-and-mouth disease appeared in 42 districts and the re-
ported mortality was 1,240 as against 1,339 in
the past year. Curative methods and hygienic
measures were adopted with beneficial results.
Haernorrhagic Septi-
caemia—Tables II and
III.
9. Six thousand three hundred and fifteen deaths were reported
to have occurred from this disease compared
with 8,469 during the last year. This disease
appeared in all the districts of the province
with the exception of Naini Tal and Garhwal.
The highest
mortality was reported from the Meerut District where 567 animals
succumbed to this disease. The number of inoculations carried out
against this disease was 48,934 compared with 67,351'in the pre-
vious year. Immunization with haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine
was undertaken on a much larger scale and reached the high figure of
56,760 against 7,548 in the year preceding. I attribute the reduced
mortality to the large number of vaccinations performed.
Blackquarter-—Tables
II and III.
10. One hundred and thirty-nine animals were reported to have
died from this disease this year against 212 in
the past year. The number of inoculations
performed was correspondingly small, i.e. 1,975
against 4,499 of the previous year.
Anthrax—Tables
II
and III.
11. This disease was reported from 15 districts with a death roll
of 310 against 275 in the last year. The number
of inoculations performed was 2,176 against
1,484 in the previous year.
Other
contagious
diseases—Table II.
12. Two hundred and sixty-four animals were reported to have
died against 255 in the last year. This head
includes liver fluke, cow-pox, pleuro-pneumonia,
etc.
(c) Other animals
Table II.
13. Two thousand two hundred and eighty-five deaths occurred
amongst animals other than equines and
bovines against 1,489 in the previous year.
The increase is mainly due to a severe outbreak of Ranikhet disease
at the United Provinces Poultry Association farm which alone took a
toll of 1,143 birds. Other cases under this head include rabies, dis-
temper, piroplasmosis, fowl-cholera and other parasitic diseases.
CHAPTER III
NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASES
Table V.
14. The number of cases treated at the veterinary hospitals and
dispensaries during the year was 432,611 as
compared with 405,887 in the preceding year,
and 71,780 cases which were not brought to hospitals were supplied
with medicines against 63,628 in the last year.
( 6 )
Tables IV and V.
15. The cases treated by veterinary assistant surgeons while
on tour numbered 170,451 against 141,650 in the
previous year. The number of castrations per-
formed during the year rose from 83,799 in the previous year to 92,360
in the year under report.
Cattle poisoning.
16. Eight cases of cattle poisoning were reported from the dis-
tricts of Saharanpur, Meerut, Aligarh, Budaun
and Unao.
CHAPTER IV
VETERINARY HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES
Veterinary hospitals
and
dispensaries-—
Table V.
17. At the commencement of the year there were 178 veterinary
hospitals and dispensaries. Two dispensaries
were opened at Chhibramau and Chirgaon in
the districts of Farrukhabad and Jhansi res-
pectively, where previously veterinary assist-
ant surgeons were employed on itinerating duty. The total number
at the close of the year was 180.
Grants-in-aid for con-
struction
of veter-
inary hospitals.
18. Owing to continued financial stringency no contribution was
made to the local boards for the constiuction of
veterinary hospitals in the districts.
CHAPTER V
LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT
Laboratory work.
19. Seven hundred and forty-five smears were microscopically
examined at the headquarters and circle labora-
tories during the year as compared with 1,150 in
the previous year. The materials consisted of bacteriological, patho-
logical, helminthological and entomological cases. Some interesting
specimens and parasites received during the year have been preserved
and added to specimens in the Laboratory Museum. The materials
examined were from different species of animals and a brief sum-
mary of the results is given below :
Laboratory
Lucknow Laboratory .. .. ..
Agra Laboratory .. .. ..
Allahabad Laboratory .. .. ..
Total ..
Positive
41
123
41
205
Negative
336
143
61
540
Total
377
266
102
745
( 7 )
Anti-rabic treatment.
20. Thirty-one incontact cases were dealt with at the Isolation
wards, Lucknow, out of which 20 cases were
given anti-rabic treatment and recovered. Eleven
cases were kept under observation out of which 8 were confirmed and
3 were discharged.
Experiments and in-
vestigations on diseases.
21, A very severe outbreak of Doyle's disease occurred at
the United Provinces Poultry Association farm
during the early part of the summer 1935,.
resulting in very heavy mortality.
The morbid material sent to Muktesar from diseased and dead
fowls proved positive on biological examination. In the absence
of serum or vaccine all possible measures of disinfection and segre-
gation were resorted to.
Systematic experiments on the etiology and control of an obscure
disease of the Bhadri Kennels were conducted by the Veterinary
Investigation Officer in collaboration with the staff of the Imperial
Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar. These workers have
prepared a polyvalent vaccine against this disease which has definitely
proved its curative value in some cases while with indifferent results
in others. Further work on the diagnosis and serum therapy is neces-
sary to elucidate the true etiology and the efficacy of the biological
products.
During his stay at Muktesar the Veterinary Investigation Officer
had an opportunity of working on the etiology of contagious ecthyma
in goats in collaboration with the staff of the Imperial Institute of
Veterinary Research and concluded that a filterable virus is respons-
ible for this condition in these animals. Prophylactic vaccination
and control have not hitherto been practised though the manufacture
of an effective biological agent is an economic procedure. The
product will be used on all future occasions when the necessity arises.
A severe outbreak amongst the buffalo-calves at the Government
Cattle Farm, Muttra, was investigated, which on the examination of
the morbid material was attributed to severe coccidiosis. With a
view to eliminate the possibility of an associated primary "White
Scour " infection, serum from all the dams was put to the agglutina-
tion test against the known White Scour antigens. An organism
resembling "Coryne bacterium pyogenes" has been isolated from the
morbid material and further work on its specificity is in progress.
In continuation of the work initiated last year the treatment of
surra was undertaken on a much larger scale in various districts affect-
ed with the disease. A modified technique of substituting four in-
jections for the original seven has been practised at various centres
with satisfactory results. Two injections of a 2 per cent. "Naganol"
solution were administered in an interval of 22 days and in between
these were sandwiched two injections of 1 per cent. Tartar Emetic
solution (60 to 100 c.c.) at intervals of seven days. Cases of relapse
are being carefully watched in animals which have received the short
course of treatment.
(8)
The interesting Sero-diagnostic tests against contagious abortion
conducted last year were continued. Out of the total number of 1,843
animals tested 35 proved positive. The reactors included 2 bulls and
4 bullocks.
Three herds at Allahabad and one at Agra were subjected to the
tuberculin tests for the detection of Tuberculosis and Johne's dis-
ease. The total number of cattle tested was 365 out of which 8 proved
positive and 2 suspicious for Tuberculosis, and 2 proved suspicious
for Johne's infection.
For the first time in this province Leishmania infection was diag-
nosed in a dog at the Research Station Hospital, Lucknow. The
history of the case under reference, and the microscopical appearance
of the parasite led one to incriminate "Leishmania Donavani" in
the etiology. Smears submitted to the Imperial Institute of Veter-
inary Research, Muktesar, were declared positive for parasite indis-
tinguishable from "Leishmania Tropica". Neostibosan has not been
efficacious in the dog even after eight intravenous injections, and
Berberene sulphate recommended by Bennett is now being given
a trial.
The condition known as Necrosis of horn or horn cancer of
bovines is met with frequently all over the province but particularly
in the Eastern districts. Numerous specimens forwarded to the Im-
perial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar, for histopatholo-
gical examination have invariably presented the typical features of
epithelioma. It is intended to investigate the etiology of this condi-
tion in full detail during 1936-37.
22. One-thousand and twenty-four cases were treated at the
Research Station Hospital as compared with 819 last year. A sum
of Rs.1,102-10 was realized towards treatment charges, etc. Most
of the cases treated were of special interest.
CHAPTER VI
BREEDING OPERATIONS
(i) Horse stallions
Table X.
23. The year began with 56 stallions on the roll for horse breeding
in the non-selected districts of the province.
Four stallions were purchased during the year,
three were destroyed, two were sold and one was returned to the
donor being unfit for further stud work. The number of stallions
at the close of the year was 54.
Table XI.
24. Forty-six stallions were actually employed at the stud during
the year ; and 1,773 mares were covered—the
average being 38.5 per stallion.
25. The number of stallion stands during the year remained the
same as last year.
26. It is gratifying to note that the progeny of the Government
-stallions is showing continued improvement.
( 9 )
Stallion depot.
27. The Stallion Depot at Moradabad continues to prove its use-
fulness as a place of rest and treatment for
stallions that come in from the districts.
Newly purchased stallions are also trained there before being sent
to the districts.
(ii) Donkey stallions
Table X.
28. There were 9 jacks on the roll at the beginning of the year.
Two were purchased and one was destroyed
leaving a balance of 10 at the close of the year.
Table XI.
29. Nine donkeys were actually employed at work and covered
283 mares. The average of
coverings per
animal was 31.4.
CHAPTER VII
FAIRS AND SHOWS
Fairs and shows.
30. Twenty-six important horse and cattle fairs and shows were
held in the province during the year and all were
attended by the officers of the department who
judged and distributed prizes at the fairs held in their respective circles.
The Superintendent, Agra Circle, attended the fairs and shows
held at Meerut, Batesar, district Agra, Etawah, Aligarh and Saharan-
pur, and acted as a menber of the judging committee and inspected
and supervised the work of the subordinate staff deputed there.
The Superintendent, Lucknow Circle, attended Kakora Fair and
Kasimpur Exhibition in Budaun District, Makanpur Fair in Cawn-
pore District, Haldwani Show in Naini Tal District, Mohibullapur
Cattle Fair in Lucknow District, Gauriya Kalan Fair in Unao District
and Bhaureshwar Fair in Rae Bareli District.
The Superintendent, Allahabad Circle, attended Dewa Fair, dis-
trict Bara Banki, Dadri Fair, district Ballia and Debi Patan Fair,
district Gonda and delivered lectures explaining the advantages of
scientific veterinary aid to the public.
Veterinary exhibits.
31. Veterinary exhibits were displayed at the district exhibitions
Saharanpur, Aligarh and Etawah and at the
Horse and Cattle Fairs at Batesar, district
Agra, Dewa, district Bara Banki, Dadri, district Ballia, Magh Mela
Exhibition, district Allahabad, Haldwani, district Naini Tal, Misrikh
and Kotra Fairs, district Sitapur, Gola, district Kheri, Malihabad,
district Lucknow, Gauriya Kalan, district Unao, and Bhaureshwar
Fair, district Rae Bareli.
The staff made necessary arrangements for the treatment of sick
animals at fairs and for guarding against outbreak of contagious dis-
eases. The present arrangements made by local bodies are not suffi-
ciently complete or effective to enable the staff to deal properly with
disease and its control at these fairs, which are important foci of
disease and its spread. It is hoped that the introduction of draft
rules which are being submitted to Government for approval will
enable the department to deal more effectively with this problem in
the future.
( 10 )
CHAPTER VIII
PROPAGANDA
Propaganda.
32. It is regretted that this important section of the department's
work has not had the financial support neces-
sary to demonstrate to stock owners the many
opportunities and facilities which the department can offer in the
way of assistance with regard to disease, its prevention and cure. It
has been noticed that in many instances where the department's agents
are ready to employ modern methods of prophylaxis in livestock the
villagers are not always receptive. This antipathy can be overcome
only by departmental propaganda and education.
Vernacular pamphlets dealing with the common diseases of animals
were distributed and lectures were delivered by the staff of the depart-
ment at the different fairs and shows held during the year. Lectures
were also delivered by the staff in connexion with the rural develop-
ment work.
CHAPTER IX
ESTABLISHMENT
Establishment—Table
VII.
33. The strength of the subordinate staff at the end of the year
was as follows :—
Veterinary inspectors .. .. ..
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons attached to headquarters
Veterinary assistant surgeons employed in the dis-
tricts (including one in the Agricultuial College
Veterinary Hospital, Cawnpore) .. ..
Total .. ..
19
21
183
223
The superior staff consisted of—
(a) One Director.
(b) Three Superintendents,
(c) One Veterinary Investigation Officer.
Casualty
amongsi-
staff.
34. There were two cases of death, two resignations and one
retirement among the subordinate staff during
the year.
Lectures
on cattle
diseases
in
schools,
etc.
35. The subordinate staff of the department delivered 18 lectures
in patwari schools, 29 to the agriculture classes
in venacular middle schools, 71 to the upper
primary schools, 143 to the teachers training
classes in agriculture schools, 64 to the rural development classes,
1 at an adult night school and 1 at a Government high school. In
addition to these 101 lectures were delivered to Ahirs and agricul-
turists in villages, 17 at rural development meetings, and 13 at cattle
fairs and exhibitions. The lectures dealt with the proper up-keep
of cattle, contagious diseases, segregation, first aid, cattle-breeding,
inoculations, castrations, etc. The total number of lectures delivered
was 458.
( 11 )
Practical training
36. Practical training in the technique of the newly adopted
method of immunization against rinderpest
was imparted to newly appointed veterinary
assistant surgeons and inspectors at the headquarters laboratory
and to a number of veterinary assistant surgeons in the district by
their respective circle veterinary inspectors and superintendents.
Tours of velerinary
inspectors.
37. Veterinary inspectors toured on an average for 177 days in
the year. They visited 2,152 villages during
their tours.
CHAPTER X
EXPENDITURE
Expenditure—Table
XIV-A.
38. The total expenditure of the department during this year
was Rs.4,27,341 against Rs.4,12,101 in the
previous year. The receipts
for the year
amount to Rs. 1,29,019 against Rs. 1,26,226 in the past year.
CHAPTER XI
GENERAL REMARKS
39. A training class for compounders was started at the Re-
search Station, Lucknow, for compounders employed in the different
veterinary hospitals and dispensaries. Fourteen compounders were
trained during the year and given certificates of proficiency.
40. Twenty sanads were awarded to different people for help
given to the staff when carrying out inoculations in Saharanpur,
Muzaffarnagar, Aligarh, Cawnpore, Jhansi, Hamirpur and Unao
Districts during the year.
41. The mortality from rinderpest this year was higher than in
the previous year. The losses from other diseases compared favour-
ably with those of the past year.
42. Surra treatment and Tissue Vaccine method of immunization
of cattle against rinderpest introduced last year were carried out on a
large scale with encouraging results.
43. The special feature of the year's activities was the opening
of a Rinderpest Vaccine centre at the headquarters laboratory, Luck-
now. Already 190,900 doses of the antigen have been despatched to
the various districts. A number of experiments have been conducted
for testing its viability under different temperatures and varying
field conditions. This mode of immunization against inderpest has
now been adopted as a routine all over the province and is being
used more for the control of rinderpest at the actual site of an out-
break rather than for its prophylactic properties in the absence of the
epidemic. Its use has considerably reduced the expense incurred
on the purchase of serum and is gradually getting popular with the pub-
lic. The antigenic value of the product manufactured at Lucknow is
being tested for its efficacy at the Imperial Institute of Veterinary
Research, Muktesar, at suitable intervals.
(12)
44. The scheme for the creation of a special tract with augmen.
ted staff sanctioned by Government for the control of cattle epidemic
in one of the selected districts has been put into operation in Agu
District and the results are being carefully watched.
The department is expecting a share of the Rural Development
grant to enable it to take part in that co-operation which is so essentia!
for the success of the scheme as a whole. It is to be hoped that t he
department will soon obtain an opportunity of dealing with some of
the livestock problems in the centres selected for development.
45. A skeleton map of the United Provinces indicating the oper-
ations of the Civil Veterinary Department is given at the end of t he
report.
46. In recognition of his very excellent work in the department
Government were pleased to confer upon Veterinary Inspector S.
Udam Singh the title of Sardar Sahib in January, 1936.
This opportunity is taken to record appreciation of the services
received from the officers and staff of the department who continued
to work conscientiously during the year. I particularly wish t o
mention the excellent work of the Veterinary Investigation Officer
whose investigation report has been submitted to the Imperial Council
of Agricultural Research.
T. J. EGAN, I.V.S.,
Director, Veterinary Services,
United Provinces,