NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( vii )
LIST OF APPENDICES
Table no
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II—Deaths from contagious diseases amongst animals ..
III—Results of preventive inoculations
...
...
...
IV—Number of animals treated and castrated by veterinary assis-
tant surgeons on tour
..
..
V—Number of animals treated at hospitals and dispensaries
...
VII—Total strength of subordinate establishment .. ..
X—Return of horse and donkey stallions
...
...
XI—-Services and produce of horse and donkey stallions
XIV A—Cost of the department .. ..
Pages
12
13—16
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17
18 and 19
20
21
22
23
Annual Report on the Civil Veterinary Department,
United Provinces, for the year 1934-35
CHAPTER I
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
1. Khan Bahadur Shaikh Niaz Mohammed officiated as Director
Veterinary Service, up to June 30, 1934, after which date he retired
on superannuation pension. I took charge of the department on
July 1, 1934, and continued for the rest of the year under report.
2. Up to the time of handing over charge Khan Bahadur Shaikh
Niaz Mohammed was on tour for 50 days, visited 8 districts, inspected
13 veterinary dispensaries and 5 stallion stands. I toured for 159
days, visited 27 districts, inspected 67 veterinary dispensaries and 9
stallion stands. I attended the Advisory Committee meetings of the
Imperial Council of Agricultural Research held at Simla in Septem-
ber, 1934, and at Delhi in February, 1935. I also proceeded to
Bombay to purchase Arab stallions for the improvement of horse-
breeding in the province. The amount of touring and inspection
work done by the three Superintendents of the department is shown
in the following statement :—
Circle Superintendents
Superintendent, Agra, Mr. T. S. Davies
Superintendent, Lucknow, Mr. S. M. Raza
Husain.
Superintendent, Allahabad, Khan Sahib Chau-
dhry Ghulam Qadir.
Number
of
days on
tour
126
170
156
Number
of
veterinary
dispensaries
inspected
53
54
59
Number
of
stallion
stands
inspected
12
11
8
All the Circle Superintendents held charge of their respective circles
throughout the year under review.
3. The Veterinary Investigation Officer, Mr. H. B. Shahi,
toured for 171 days visiting 11 districts. The work of this officer
was confined almost entirely to the control of Rinderpest with the use
of blood, and tissue antigen, as advocated by the Imperial Institute
of Veterinary Research, Muktesar. He, in addition, made a general
survey of cattle diseases in the Almora District, carried out experi-
ments on the treatment of poultry at the Research Station, Lucknow,
conducted work on the treatment of Surra in different centres in the
province, worked on bovine contagious abortions, and made a
research into Joint 111 among young calves in the different breeding;
centres in the province.
(2)
The preparation of Tissue Vaccine against Rinderpest has been
started at the Central Laboratory, Lucknow, under his supervision
and in that connexion he went to the Bengal Veterinary College at
Calcutta to have first hand information of the technique on the
subject.
CHAPTER II
TREATMENT OF DISEASES
Contagious diseases
Mortality—Table II.
4. Cattle epidemics were fewer and far less severe during the year
under review than in the previous year, the
reported mortality being 27,294 against 54,450
in the preceding year.
(a) Equine
Table II.
5. The death roll under this head was 177 as compared with 188
in the previous year.
Glanders.
One case of Glanders was detected in the Allahabad District. The
animal was destroyed and all necessary measures
were taken as prescribed under the Glanders and
Farcy Act. A case of Farcy was detected in the Etawah District
during the year, which was destroyed after being mallein tested on
April 1, 1935.
Anthrax.
No case of Anthrax was reported during the
year.
Surra.
Although the season was practically over before financial aid could
be obtained, yet the following centres were
temporarily created during the year for the
treatment of surra in equines, the number of cases treated is shown
against each :—
Name of district
(I) Naini Tal
1. Ramnagar .. .. ..
2. Kashipur .. .. ..
3. Bazpur .. .. .. ..
4. Haldwani .. .. ..
5. Kichha
..
..
..
(II) Bareilly
Baheri .. .. .. ..
(III) Dehra Dun
Saiya .. .. .. ..
(IV) Muzaffarnagar
Shamli .. .. .. ..
(V) Mainpuri
Jasrana and Shikohabad .. ..
(VI) Meerut
Ghaziabad and Mowana .. .. ..
(VII) Etawah .. .. .. ..
Total ..
Number
of cases
treated
184
4
1
58
24
17
17
9
7
6
2
329
( 3 )
Of these 30 died during the course of treatment, and 8 after having
been treated and discharged; all these were cases in the advanced
stages of the disease when treatment was started—paraplegia and
paralysis having set in in varying degrees of severity. Treatment is
not always successful in such advanced cases—hence the importance
of early diagnosis. Sixty deaths were reported before treatment was
adopted.
Other diseases.
There were 78 cases of deaths from other diseases compared with
72 in the preceding year, these included Piro-plasmo
and other parasitic diseases.
(6) Bovine
Rinderpest—Table II.
6. The reported mortality from this disease was 15,078 as against
40,450 in the previous year. The highest
number of deaths was in the Agra Division, and
in Agra District alone it was 1,535.
Anti-Rinderpest Ino-
culations—Table III.
7. There were 1,075 outbreaks of this disease reported during
the year, and the number of inoculations per-
formed in the actual outbreaks, and in centres
free from the disease was as follows :—
1.
2.
3.
4.
Serum Alone inoculations .. ..
Serum Simultaneous inoculations ..
Goat Virus inoculations .. ..
Tissue Virus inoculations .. ..
Total
.. 1,12,377
.. 699
.. 11,786
.. 20,560
.. 1,45,422
The efficacy of the value of the different methods employed is
being watched and the relative value of each will be noted. It is
hoped that owing to the short period of immunity produced by the
serum alone method, this method will fall into disuse or be only used
in controlling reactions in animals, produced by the " virus alone "
method.
Foot and Mouth Dis-
ease—Table II.
8. Foot and Mouth disease was severe during the year and
appeared in 43 districts of the province. The
reported mortality was 1,339 against 1,086 in the
past year. Necessary hygienic and cuartive
methods were applied, so far as possible, with good results.
Owing to the rapidity with which this disease spreads, legislative
control will be the only successful means of reducing its incidence ;
this question is now under the consideration of Government.
Haemorrhagic
Sep -
ticaemia—Tables II and
III.
9. The deaths reported from this disease were 8,469 against
8,270 in the year preceding. It was in evidence in all the districts
in the province excepting those in the Kumaun
Division. The highest number of deaths was in
the Saharanpur District which numbered 563.
The number of inoculations performed against this disease was 67,351
as compared with 46,653 last year. In addition to this number 7,548
animals were immunized with Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine.
( 4 )
It is proposed to carry on this method of immunization work on
an extensive scale in the future as the prolonged immunity produced
by this method is more advantageous than the use of serum hitherto
employed.
Blackquarter—Tables
II and III.
10. Two hundred and twelve cases of deaths were reported from
this disease against 576 in the past year. The
number of inoculations performed was 4, 4991
during the year against 3,973 last year.
Anthrax—Tables
II
and III.
11. This disease was far less severe during the year than in the
previous year, as is evident from 275 cases of
reported deaths compared with 924 in the year
preceding. The number of inoculations per-
formed was 1,484 against 2,195.
Other Contagious Dis-
eases—Table II.
12. Two hundred and fifty-five cases were reported to have died as
against 670 last year. This head comprises liver
fluke, pleuro pneumonia, cow pox etc.
(c) Other Animals
Table II.
13. The reported mortality amongst animals other than equines
and bovines was 1,489 against 2,286 in the
previous year. The cases included rabies,
distemper, fowl cholera and other diseases of
parasitic origin.
CHAPTER III
NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASES
Table V.
14. The number of cases treated at the veterinary hospitals and
dispensaries during the year was 405,887 as
compared with 379,661 in the year preceding,
Gases supplied with medicines but not brought to hospitals were
63,628 against 57,038 in the previous year.
Tables TV and V.
15. The cases treated by veterinary assistant surgeons while on
tour numbered 141,650 against 95,023. The
number of castrations performed during the year
rose from 72,850 in the previous year to 83,799 in the year under
review.
Cattle poisoning.
16. Four cases of cattle poisoning were
reported from four different districts.
CHAPTER IV
VETERINARY HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES
Veterinary hospitals,
and dispensaries—Table
V.
17. At the commencement of the year there were 173 veterinary
hospitals and dispenaries. Three new dispen-
saries were added during the year in the districts
of Meerut, Budaun and Lucknow, and two
dispensaries were opened at Behat and Dudhi in the Saharanpur and
(5)
Mirzapur Districts respectively, where previously there were veterinary
assistant surgeons purely on itinerating duty. The total number, at
the close of the year, thus came to 178.
Grants-in-aid
for
construction of veteri-
nary hospitals.
18. Owing to continuing financial stringency grants to local
boards for construction of veterinary hospitals
in the districts could not be made. In the
case of the District Board, Bareilly, a sum of
Rs.3,000 was specially provided for the construction of the Sadr
Veterinary hospital, as the old building was in a dangerous condition
and had to be reconstructed.
CHAPTER V
LABORATORY AND EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS
Laboratory work.
19. One thousand one hundred and fifty smears were microsco-
pically examined at the headquarters and Circle
Laboratories during the year as compared
with 758 in the previous year. The materials consisted of Bacterio-
logical, Pathological, Helminthological and Entomological cases. Some
interesting specimens, and parasites received during the year have
been preserved in the laboratory museum. The materials examined
were from different species of animals and a brief summary of the
results is given below :—
Laboratory
Agra Laboratory .. .. ..
Lucknow Laboratory .. .. ..
Allahabad Laboratory .. .. ..
Total ..
Positive
108
250
61
419
Negative
101
331
99
731
Total
209
781
160
1,150
Anti-rabic treatment.
20. Eighteen incontact cases were dealt with at the fsolation
Wards, Lucknow, out of which nine cases were
given anti-rabic treatment and recovered. Seven
cases were kept under observation and two were confirmed by the
Kasauli Institute.
Experiments and In-
vestigations on diseases.
21. During the early monsoon, the United Provinces Poultry
Association suffered heavy losses from an obscure
disease that caused high mortality among the
young chicks. A comprehensive study on the
disease was made and investigation revealed the etiological factor
to be in the nature of gross helminthic infection.
Experimental treatment was undertaken for the first time in
the country to test the value of Colloidal Iodine as a vermicide,
(6)
samples of which together with a dosing appliance were placed at our
disposal by Messrs. Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, through the
courtesy of Dr. W. L. Chandler of the Michigan State College of Agri.
culture and Applied Science. The experimental evidence is highly
encouraging, and although it is too early yet to formulate any definite
results, it seems that this drug has great possibilities as an efficient
poultry anthelmintic as in addition to its vermicidal action this product
is a tonic and restorative and does not require the help of a comple
mentary dose of purgative, which is a drawback with other anthel.
mintics. Further experiments will be conducted and particular
emphasis will be laid upon its use in other intestinal infections, egg
laying capacity and its influence on general physical improvement.
A few cases of ring-worm of poultry, known as " Favus " which is
a rapidly spreading infection caused by a type of fungus known as
" Achroian Gallenae " were diagnosed and an experimental treatment
of this affection was conducted with encouraging results.
Very scanty information has been available so far, regarding the
incidence and economic losses occasioned by "Bovine contagious
abortion." Recent Sero-diagnostic tests carried out at two Gaushalas
and at the Etah goat-breeding farm have presented some striking
results. The findings, besides being presentiments of a serious cattle
menace, have an important significance from the public health point
of view. Brucella Melitensis and Brucella Abortus bang are responsi-
ble for the causation of Malta fever and Undulent fever respectively in
human beings.
Further investigation with a view to ascertain the extent of infec-
tion, the spread of these diseases and adoption of proper control
measure will be carried out in the near future.
The treatment of Surra on a fairly extensive scale formed an out-
standing feature of the year's field activities. The antiquated method
of destruction of affected animals was abandoned and the initiation
of this new method of treatment has been keenly appreciated by
livestock owners. With a trained staff and adequate financial
provision, endeavours can be made to check the heavy loss sustained
by this invariably fatal infection, as well as control its rapid spread
effectively.
Several cases of Joint 111 among young calves were reported from
the Government Cattle Farm, Manjhra, district Kheri. Samples of
heart-blood and fluid from the affected joint were submitted to the
Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar-Kumaun, for
examination and report. The cultural examination of the material
revealed the presence of (1) Staphylococcus Albus, (2) A micrococcus
and (3) Streptococcus faecalis. Further investigation in the matter
is proceeding.
Investigation on Haemorrhagic skin disease in cattle caused
by Filaria Multipapillosa was carried out in certain districts and it
has been noticed that the disease occurs in all the districts of the Agra
Circle, particularly in the summer months.
(7)
Experiments for the treatment of Eczema in dogs were carried
out by the intra-muscular injections of " Abijon " with a certain
amount of success. " Abijon " is a milk product manufactured by-
Saxon Serum Works Limited, Dresden, and is supplied in 2 cc, 5 cc.
and 10 cc. ampoules.
22. Eight hundred and nineteen cases received treatment at the
headquarters, as compared with 773 last year. A sum of Rs.1,035-15
was realized towards treatment charges etc. Some of the cases.
treated were of special interest.
CHAPTER VI
BREEDING OPERATION
(i) Horse stallions
Table X.
23. There were 57 stallions on the roll at the commencement
of the year for horse-breeding in the province,
excepting the selected districts of Meerut,
Muzaffarnagar, Bulandshahr and Aligarh, where horse-breeding is
under the control of the Army Remount Department. Six stallions
were purchased during the year, 5 were destroyed, and 2 died ; the
balance left at the close of the year was 56.
Table XI.
24. Forty-nine stallions were employed at the stud during the
year and the covering operations performed,
by them was 1,838. averaging 375 per animal
per year.
New stallion stands.
25. Two new stands were started during the year—one at Etah
to replace the one at Piwari and the other at
Bhadri, district Partabgarh. The Taluqdar of
Bhadri Raj is taking great interest in the horse-breeding industry.
26. The progeny of Government stallions continued to show
improvement and some very good stock were exhibited at the horse
shows held in the different districts during the year.
Stallion Depot.
27. The Stallion Depot at Moradabad continued to do good work
where stallions from, districts are rested and
treated when returned from the different stands.
A number of young stallions was trained there during the year.
(ii) Donkey stallions
Table X.
28. At the beginning of the year there were 11 jack donkeys on
the roll of the department for mule-breeding;
operations in the province. One died, and one
was destroyed during the year- being unfit for further service ; thus-
there were nine jacks left when the year ended.
Table XI.
29. Nine donkeys were actually employed at work and the
number of their coverings was 338, making an
annual average of 37.6 per animal during the
year.
(8)
CHAPTER VII
FAIRS AND SHOWS
Fairs and shows.
30. As in the previous years 23 cattle and horse fairs and shows
were held in the province and were attended by
the officers and subordinate staff of the depart-
ment. I visted the Dewa fair in the Bara Banki District, the
Batesar fair in the Agra District and the district exhibition at
Saharanpur, where I acted as president of the judging committee
of the horse show for award of prizes to stock owners. The
Superintendent, Agra, attended the Batesar fair in the Agra
District and the Saharanpur Horse and Cattle Fair and Show. He
also attended the District Exhibitions at Aligarh and Etawah.
The Superintendent, Lucknow, attended the fairs and shows at
Maigalganj, district Sitapur, Banthra, district Lucknow, Qasimpur,
district Budaun, Makanpur, district Cawnpore, and Kurri-Sidhauli
and Chandapur, district Rae Bareli.
The Superintendent, Allahabad, attended fairs at Dewa. district
Bara Banki, Dadri, district Ballia and the Magh Mela Exhibition at
Allahabad. At Dewa and Dadri fairs he presided over the judging
committees.
Veterinary exhibits.
31. Though the subordinate staff attends all exhibitions and fairs,
the local arrangements for control and check
of contagious disease at these fairs is far from
satisfactory or complete and as a result they are the common source
of the dissemination of contagious diseases.
The public were interested in the display of veterinary exhibits
at the district exhibitions at Saharanpur, Batesar fair, Mahoba Exhibi-
tion, district Hamirpur, Dewa fair, Dadri fair, Magh Mela Exhibition
and Babuganj fair, in the Partabgarh District. The exhibits were
also displayed at the Ramnagar Cattle Fair in the Tarai and Bhabar
Government Estates. The Magh Mela Agricultural Exhibition was
graced by the visit of His Excellency the Governor of the United
Provinces, who showed much interest in our exhibits.
CHAPTER VIII
PROPAGANDA
Propaganda.
32. Propaganda work advocating the usefulness of the department's
activities is poor. Apart from a few exhibits
of doubtful value the department is not equipped
with the necessary modern means of educating the rural population on
the importance of a Veterinary Department, and its usefulness as an
agent for maintaining the health of livestock in the province. Money
as needed for this and Government and local bodies should make
provision for this important work.
(9)
Pamphlets dealing with the common contagious diseases amongst
animals were distributed and lectures were delivered at the different
fairs and shows dealing briefly with the suppression and control of
infectious diseases.
Demonstrations of castrations by the Burdizzo's clamp were made
at various places and had the desired effect of gaining public apprecia-
tion.
CHAPTER IX
ESTABLISHMENT
Establishment—Table
VII.
33. The subordinate staff at the end of
the year stood as follows :—
Veterinary Inspectors .. .. ..
Veterinary Overseer .. .. ..
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge Laboratory,
Research Station and Isolation Wards .. ..
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons attached to headquar-
ters and on foreign service in India .. ..
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons employed in the districts
(including one in the Agricultural College Veterinary
Hospital, Cawnpore) .. .. ..
Total ..
17
1
1
17
183
219
Besides this, the superior staff of the department consisted of :-—
(a) One Director.
(b) Three Superintendents.
(c) One Veterinary Investigation Officer.
Casualty
amongst
staff.
34. There were two cases of death, and two
of retirement among the subordinate staff during
the year.
Lectures on cattle dis-
eases in schools, etc.
35. The subordinate staff of the department delivered 24 lectures
to Patwari schools, 60 to the Agriculture classes
in vernacular middle schools, 7 to the Upper
Primary schools, 150 to Agriculture schools, 76 to the teachers' train-
ing classes in Agriculture school, and 13 to the Rural knowledge
classes. Besides these, 116 lectures were delivered to Ahirs, 5 at meet-
ings of co-operative societies, and 4 in connexion with the Rural
Uplift Van. Lectures delivered related to the proper up-keep of cattle
disease control, need for castration, inoculation etc. The number of
lectures given was 455.
Practical Training.
36. As in the past year a number of Veterinary Inspectors and
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons received practical
training in the technique of " Blood and Tissue
Virus " methods of inoculations against rinderpest. In this connexion
the co-operation of the different district boards is thankfully acknow-
ledged for sending their veterinary assistant surgeons for this training
at the expense of the boards.
(10)
37. The Veterinary Inspectors toured on an average for 175 days
in the year. They visited 2,134 villages during their tours.
CHAPTER X
EXPENDITURE
Expenditure—Table
XIV-A.
38. The total running cost of the department was Rs. 4,12,101
in the year under report as compared with
Rs.4,14,918 in the previous year. The receipts
for the year were Rs. 1,26,226 against Rs. 1,26,381 in the preceding
year.
CHAPTER XI
GENERAL REMARKS
39. By the retirement of Khan Bahadur Shaikh Niaz Mohammad.
on July 1, 1934, the department lost an energetic and experienced
officer. Through his energy, zeal and devotion to duty he finished his
service as head of the department, a very creditable record.
40. Eight sanads were awarded for help received in carrying out
inoculations in Naini Tal, Sitapur and Etawah Districts during the
year.
I take this opportunity of recording my appreciation of the help.
rendered to the department's staff by the Raja Sahib of Kurri-Sidhauli
and the Rani Sahiba of Chandapur, both of Rai Bareli district, in
carrying out inoculation work in their respective taluqas.
41. It is gratifying to note that the year has been a comparatively
healthy one for stock, this is due to good monsoon rains resulting in
good grazing and a plentiful supply of fodder for a greater part of the
year rendering stock less susceptible to disease. The losses in live-
stock due to rinderpest are considerably less than in the previous
year, and it is hoped that with the creation of special tracts with
an augmented staff, and the introduction of more lasting methods
of immunization, the loss in livestock due to this disease will be
further reduced.
42. The outstanding features of the year's activities were the
introduction of Surra treatment in equines, and the " Tissue Vaccine "
method of immunization of cattle against rinderpest. The latter
method was first experimented at the Government Cattle Farm at
Bharari (Jhansi), where 700 head of cattle were immunized. The reac-
tion produced and the conclusions arrived at so far, which have been
substantiated by recent field work in the different areas of the
province, will be further tested and compared in the light of further
systematic investigation in the near future. Its prophylactic and
disease controlling potentialities have furnished a valuable biological
( 11 )
product and a step further in the control of rinderpest, a problem that
is of immense importance to livestock owners in a country which is
practically saturated with animal disease.
Acknowledgments .
43. The officers named below are com-
mended for good work :—
Veterinary Inspectors—S. Udam Singh, S. Salman Hasan
Naqvi, S. Udey Singh Siddhu, Babu Ram Sarup.
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons—Babu Piarey Lal Sharma, M.
Nasirul Hasan Qadri.
The work of the Head Assistant and his office staff was also satis-
factory.
In conclusion, I wish to record my appreciation of the satisfactory
work done by Circle Officers and the Veterinary Investigation Officer
during the year.
T. J. EGAN, I.V.S.,
Director, Civil Veterinary Department,
United Provinces