NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
H. M. s.
Observation.
A. 11 12 40.
—Ether administration on a cap covered with a small
piece of mackintosh which failed to keep the animal
thoroughly under, though the cornea was insensitive,
struggling occurring when a pin was thrust into the
chest.
B. 11 20 35.
— Ether administration plus asphyxia by enveloping the
head completel y ill mackintosh.
C.
11 27 50 —Asphyxia by the same means without ether.
D
1 1 3 2 2 0 —Pushing ether plus asphyxia until death resulted.
The trace was interrupted before the death of the animal by a clot in the
tubes.
November 29th.—No. 141.
Large goat, weight 66 lbs. Chloroformed. by a nose-bag while standing
a t 2 h . 1 8 m . 5 1 s . T h r o w n d o w n a t 2 h . 1 9 m . 5 0 s . C o r n e a i n s e n s i t i v e a t 2 h . 2 0 m ,
40s. and chloroform stopped, the animal lying quite quiet while being tied
down on to the table. Some salivation. Cornea sensitive at 2h. 22m. 40s.
More chloroform at 2h. 23m. 10s. Cornea insensitive at 2h. 25m. 30s. and
chloroform stopped. Left carotid ligatured at 2h. 27m. 40s. More chloroform
at 2h. 31m. 28s. Stopped chloroform at 2h. 33m. 3s. More chloroform at 2h. 35m.
48s. Stopped chloroform at 2h. 36m. 35s. More chloroform at 2h. 38m. 50s. Canula
inserted into the artery at 2h. 41m. Stopped chloroform at 211. 41m. 52s. More
chloroform at 2h. 43m. 31s. Connection made with manometers at 2h. 44m. 45s.
One Ludwig and one Fick tracing.
109
One Ludwig and one Fick tracing.
Observations.
A.I I
H. M. S.
2 48 40
—Pushing chloroform until respiration ceased (vide
F
ick 3).
B.
2 52 0.
— Artificial respiration.
C. 2 58 35. —Pushingchloroform until death ensued.
D. 3 1 0
—Thrusting needle into the heart. The depressing effects
of this operation is seen in the Ludwig trace.
Post-mortem.—Temperature 99 .6 F.
110
November 20th.---No. 142.
Horse thrown and given chloroform at 3h. 19m. 45s. very freely,* and
while struggling chloroform had been stopped about one minute (?) when
respiration was noticed to have stopped at 3h. 23m. 30s. Artificial respiration
commenced at once. No pulse at 3h. 25m. 45s., and the animal was not
restored to life.
November 29th.---No. 143.
(In the presence of His Highness the Nizam.)
Large goat, weight 70 lbs., given chloroform in a bag while standing at
3h. 35m. 55s. Thrown down at once. Still bleating at 3h. 37m. 5s. Stopped
chloroform at 3h. 37m. 50s., and while he was being carried and put on the
table respiration stopped at 3h. 38m. Artificial respiration commenced at
O n c e ; b r e a t h i n g n a t u r a l l y 3 h . 3 8 m . 5 5 s . C o r n e a s e n s i t i v e . M o r e c h l o r o f o r m
at 3h. 42m. 25s. Stopped at 3h. 43m. 2s. Artery ligatured at 3h. 43m. 20s.
Temperature 102 F. in rectum. Temperature of the room 23½ Cent. Canula
inserted at 3h. 46m. 15s. More chloroform at 3h. 47m. 30s. Connection. made
with the manometers at 3h. 50m. 30s. One Ludwig and one Fick tracing.
Observations.
H . M . S .
A. 3 5 1 0 . - - - Or d i n a r y c h l o r o f o r m a d mi n i s t r a t i o n .
B. 3 51 30.---Violent struggling (during which the marker was
pushed over the top of the drum on several occa-
- s i o n s b y t h e v i o l e n t o s c i l l a t i o n s i n t h e p r e s s u r e , a n d
the tracings are consequently imperfect).
C. 3 58 0.---Pushing chloroform until respiration ceased.
D.
4 3 50.---Artificial respiration.
E.
4
5 10.---Pushing chloroform until respiration had ceased for
some time, and failure to restore the animal by
artificial respiration.
F. 4 9 30.---The last ineffective gasps are shown. on the Ludwig
tracing.
* A pint of chloroform was said to have been poured into the nose-bag.
111
November 29th.—No. 144.
(In the presence of His Highness the Nizam.)
Small horse, thrown at 4h, 24m. 15s. Given chloroform in a nose-bag
at 4h. 26m. 55s. Struggling until 4h, 28m, 35s. Operation to tie artery
commenced at 4h. 28m. 55s. Stopped chloroform at 4h. 29m. 35s. More chloro-
form at 4h. 30m. 10s. Stopped chloroform at 4h. 31m. 15s. Loop under left
vagus. Ligature left carotid artery at 4h. 31m. 50s. More chloroform at
4h. 33m. 17s. Stopped chloroform at 4h. 35m. 40s. Canula inserted at 4h. 36m.
More chloroform at 4h. 37m. 30s. Stopped chloroform at 4h, 30m. One Ludwig
and one Fick tracing.
- -
H. M. s.
O b s e r v a t i o n s .
A.
4 44 0.
—Ordinary chloroform administration.
B. 4 47 10.
— I r r i t a t i o n o f l e f t
v a g u s
t h r e e t i m e s ,
t h e
s e c o n d a n d
third noticed on Fick readings 2 and 3.
C. 4 50 30 —Pushing chloroform until. respiration ceased.
P. 5 0 0. —Artificial respiration. Pushing chloroform for 9
minutes with, at the same tittle, irritation of the left
vagus for more than 7 minutes.
The respiration ceased after the irritation was discontinued and the chlo-
roform was then stopped. Pressure continued to fall and artificial respiration
failed to restore the animal. The trace ends after 5h. 11m., but artificial
respiration was continued until 5h. 15m. A needle then thrust into the heart
did not move. Thorax opened and heart still at 5h. 20m.
November 29th.—No. 145.
( In the presence of His Highness the Nizam.)
Monkey, large-sized female (Macacus). Into chloroform box, one cubic
foot, at 5h. 33m. 20s. Fallen against the side at 5h. 34m. 30s. Fallen and
taken out of box at 5h. 35m. 27s. More chloroform at 5h. 36m. 14s. Stopped
chloroform at 5h. 37m. 5s. Commenced incisions in the neck 5h. 37m. 43s.
More chloroform at 5h. 30m. 20s. Stopped chloroform 5h. 40m. 5s. Divide stereo
cleido mastoid muscle at 5h. 40m. 27s. Loop under left vagus at 5h. 41m. 37s
. Move chloroform at 5h. 42m. 6s. Stopped chloroform. at 5h. 42m. 43s. Open
trachea at 5h. 42m. 47s. Tube inserted into trachea at 5h. 43m. Opening
chest wall while artificial. respiration maintained by means of a Junker bellows.
Chloroform from time to time a few whiffs at 5h. 44m. 15s. Opening the
112
pericardium at 5h. 47m. 50s. Needle into heart at 5h. 48m. 30s. Irritation
left vagus, coil 5, at 5h. 50m. 35s. Stopped irritation at 5h. 50m. 47s. Irritation
left vagus at 5h. 51m. 10s. Stopped irritation at 5h. 51m. 27s. Chloroform
at 5h. 52m. 3s. Irritation of left vagus at 5h. 52m. 37s. Stopped irritation at
5h. 52m. 47s. Stopped artificial respiration and chloroform 5h. 53m. 22s.
Diaphragm contracting rhythmically. Heart slow and feeble at 5h. 53m. 30s.
Heart almost stopped. Began artificial respiration again at 5h. 54m. 35s.
Heart more vigorous at 5h. 55m. 27s. Irritation of left vagus not acting made
him cough, coil 6, at 5h. 56m. Irritation left vagus, coil 6, at 5h. 56m. 35s acting
fully. Irritation of left vagus continued at 5h. 56m. 57s. Chloroform at 5h.
57m. 15s. Stopped irritation at 5h. 57m. 40s. Irritation of left vagus again at
5h. 58m. 23s. Coils run up to zero at 5h. 59m. 20s. The heart stopped at first,
but is now going again. Stopped irritation at 5h. 59m. 46s. Irritation of vagus
again at 6h. 0m. 20s. Run up to zero at 6h. 0m. 30s. Stop up outlet for air at
6h. 2m. 23s. Stop chloroform and artificial respiration at 6h. 2m. 55s. Stop
irritation at 6h. 3m. 10s. Air let out of the chest at 6h. 3m. 35s. Artificial
respiration again at 6h. 3m. 55s. Heart hardly beating at 6h. Sm. 15s. Heart
stopped at 6h. 6m. 30s.
November 30.-No. 146.
Dog, weight 35 lbs., that has had three doses of phosphorus, one grain
each day, on the 25th, 26th, and 27th instant, respectively. [Of twelve dogs
similarly dosed four have already died.] Into chloroform box at 10h. 27m. 50s.
Fallen down at 10h. 32m. 25s. On to the table at 10h. 33m. 15s. and given
chloroform from time to time. Left carotid ligatured and canula inserted into it.
Connection with manometers at 10h. 56m. 35s. Two L u d w i g a n d o n e F i c k
tracing during administration of ether persistently, with more or less perfect
exclusion of air, until death resulted. Both sides of the heart distended with
venous bl ood. Heart and l i ver both fatty.
.
H . M . S .
A. 10 50 0.-Ether administered with very little air. This obser-
vation, especially the Fick readings, shows again
that ether has precisely the same action as chloro
- f o r m , b u t i s l e s s i n t e n s e .
113
November 30th.—No. 147.
Another pariah to which phosphorus has been given as in the case of 146.
Is, however, more sickly. Into chloroform box at 11h. 32m. 57s. Fallen down
a t 1 1 h . 4 0 m . 4 1 s . P l a c e d o n t h e t a b l e a n d k e p t q u i e t w i t h c h l o r o f o r m . C a n u l a
inserted into artery at 11h. 51m. 7s. One Ludwig and one Fick tracing during
the administration of chloroform persistently until death resulted. At the com-
mencement there was a sudden fall of pressure—the result of holding the breath.
Observation.
H . M . S .
A. 11 59 45.—Chloroform. The animal held its breath, the effect
being well seen in Fick 3. The pressure fell rapidly
and several deep gasps were taken. The respira-
tion stopped at 12h. lm. 25s. The heart continued
beating till 12h. 8m. 0s.
November 30th.—No. 148,
A thin phosphorus dog of the same batch as 146 and 147. (Has had
chloroform this morning, but was revived by artificial respiration.) Into
chloroform box at 2h. 30m. 37s. Fallen clown at 2h. 40m., and taken out of
box. Placed on the table and kept under with chloroform. Artificial respira-
t i on a t 2h. 42m. 20s . unt i l 2h. 42m. 50s . Ar t e r y l i ga t ur e d a nd c a n u l a i n s e r t e d .
Connections with manometers at 2h.49m. 50s Thr
ee Ludwig and Four Fick tracings showing the effect of (a) giving chloroform on a cap crammed on
closely over the face so as to partially asphyxiate the animal, compared with
the gradual fall of pressure that occurs when chloroform is properly adminis-
tered with air ( b) giving ether in the same way; (c) giving ammonia in the
same way; (d) holding the dog's mouth and nose so as to produce asphyxia
without chloroform or ether, and (e) irritation of' the right vagus. The dog was
eventually killed by making him inhale concentrated chloroform vapour through
a tube tied into the trachea.
Observations
H . M .
S .
A. 2 50 0.—Chloroform on a cap held close over the face; the
animal struggled and held its breath. There was a
rapid and irregular fall of pressure (vide Fick 2).
B. 2 53 30.—Chloroform in the same way; same effects produced
(vide Fick 3).
1 5
114
C.
H .
3
M.
1
s.
30.—Chloroform in the same way ; same effects produced,
but to such a marked degree that it was thought a
clot had collected in the tubes ( see Fick 4).Inter-
. r u p t i o n .
D. 3 11 0.—Chloroform as before ; same effects produced (note
Fick 6).
F. 3 17 0. —Chloroform with sufficient air to ensure regular breath-
ing ; there was no struggling or holding of the
i n g t h e r e w a s n o s t r u g g l i n g o r b r e a t h , a n d n o i r r e g u l a r i t y o f t h e b l o o d - p r e s s u r e o r
circulation. Fick 7 is worthy of notice, though it
records the pulse as the animal was almost coming
round.
G. 3 21 10.—Chloroform with insufficient air ; same effects as at A.
B. & C ; shown very markedly in Fick 8.
H. 3 35 0.Inhalation of ammonia.
I. 3 36 45.—Chloroform again with plenty of air. There was
slight struggling at first and slight corresponding
irregularity in the fall of blood-pressure. Fick 12,
taken when the pressure was getting very low, shows
beautifully the regularity of the pressure and pulse
tracing -when the breathing is regular, and ought
to be contrasted and compared with Fick 2, 3, 4,
6, 8, and 11.
J. 3 47 50.—Ether on cap held close over the face ; struggling
and holding the breath.Fick 14 and 15 show
effects on the pressure and pulse, similar to those
produced when chloroform is given in the same way.
Compare Fick 14, 15. and 16 with Fick 7, 8, and 9.
K. 3 54 20.—Simple asphyxia showing rapid fall of pressure and
irregular pulse (vide Fick 17).
L. 4 1 25.—Chloroform again with plenty of air. Breathing
slightly irregular from groaning' ; there is a corre-
sponding slight irregularity in the tracing.
M. 4 15 15,—Electrical irritation of right vagus : coil 10.
N. 4 16 40.—Chloroform again with sufficient air to ensure regular
breathing. This observation was interrupted by
clotting in the tubes.
115
H. M. S.
O. 4 20 0.—Electrical irritation of right vagus : coil 10.
P. 4 31 0.—(An open tube had been placed in trachea in the
interval.) Chloroform on cap over the mouth of
the tube. Effect kept up by artificial respiration
till death ; heart stopped at 4h. 41m. 0s.
Q. 4 42 0.—Artery cut ; pressure fell to zero.
If the Fick tracings of Experiment No. 148 be com-
pared with the photographic reproduction of tracings
A and C of the Glasgow Committee, it will be seen
that they are identical, and that the slow action of the
heart, with great fall of pressure, which the Glasgow
Committee attributed to some capricious action of
chloroform upon the heart, was undoubtedly due to
stimulation of the vagus from asphyxia. The
tracings of the Glasgow Committee's experiments
show nothing more than that chloroform lowers the
blood-pressure, and that sometimes under chloroform
the fall of pressure is sudden and irregular. When
once it is proved, as it is by the experiments of the
Hyderabad Commission, that there is no danger
in either sudden or gradual falls of the blood-pres-
sure, unless the heart is weakened by interference
with its nutrition, the whole of the Glasgow Com-
mittee's contention, with regard to the danger of
chloroform to the heart and the necessity for feeling
the pulse during its administration, falls to the
ground.
December 2nd.—No. 149.
Monkey of fair size. Temperature of the room 19 cent. Into chloroform
box at 8h. 20m, 50s. Fallen down at 8h. 24m. 40s. Placed on the table at
8 h . 2 5 m . 4 0 s . a n d k e p t q u i e t w i t h c h l o r o f o r m . L e f t c a r o t i d l i g a t u r e d a n d
canula inserted into it. Right carotid looped. Trachea opened, and a glass
tube connected with the India-rubber pump of the Junker apparatus and pro
- v i d e d w i t h a n e x i t t u b e t i e d i n t o i t f o r a r t i f i c i a l r e s p i r a t i o n . C o n n e c t i o n w i t h
the manometers shortly before 8h. 54m.
One Ludwig and one Fick tracing.
116
H. M. S.
Observations.
A. 8 55 30 —Ligature of the right carotid.
B. 8 55 40—Struggling.
C. 8 57 30—Chloroform administration on a sponge held in front
of the tracheal tube.
D. 9 0 40—Chloroform administration by letting the animal
breathe through the Junker bottle without the
India-rubber bellows attachment, and pushing
chloroform in this way until respiration stopped.
E. 9 4 0—Artificial respiration in the ordinary way by compress
¬ing the chest.
F. 9 9 0 —After recovery, artificial respiration continuously by
means of the India-rubber bellows of the Junker
apparatus attached to the tracheal tube, while
measures were being taken to separate the head
from the body.
G. 9 10 20—Slight hæmorrhage from a large artery.
H. 9 18 0—Sl i ght hæmor r ha ge f r om t he j ugul a r ve i n.
I. 9 22 30—Pumping chloroform vapour through the Junker appa
¬ratus into the trachea until respiration ceased.
After the tracing ended, the head was severed, and the animal gave a few
diaphragmatic gasps, but eventually died, the heart stopping finally at 9h. 35m.
December 2nd.—No. 150.
Full-sized pariah. Weight 30½ lbs. Into chloroform box at 11h. 10m. 55s.
Fallen down at 11h. 21m. 50s, Placed on the table at 11h, 23m. 45s. and
kept quiet with chloroform. Loop under both vagi and canula inserted into
left carotid in the usual way. Connection made with the manometer at
11h. 41m. 15s. Three Ludwig and two Fick tracings (the 1st Fick reading
is incorporated with the Fick of 149).
H. M. S.
Observations.
A. 11 42 50—Smothering by holding the mouth and nose tightly
closed. The effect of this is shown in Fick 2. The
pulse fell from 116 before the smothering to 38 after.
B. 11 45 0—Gradual chloroform administration with plenty of
air in the ordinary way.
117
H. M. S.
C. 11 48
3 0
—Smothering again while the animal was well under
chloroform.
D. 11 50
2 0
—Smothering again when it was just about to come
out of chloroform.
E. 11 53
4 5
—Giving chloroform again for a short time and then at
11h. 55m. 15s. smothering the animal, during which
proceeding respiratory movements completely ceased,
and though a spontaneous attempt was made to
breathe artificial respiration became necessary.
F. 12 4
5
—Giving chloroform again with lots of air, and as soon
as the animal's cornea was insensitive, smother-
ing it.
G. 12 9
3 0
—Giving chloroform with the cap crammed on to the
muzzle so as to admit very little air, and pushing it
until respiration ceased. Artificial respiration at
12h. 11m. 30s.
H. 12 17
3 5
—Smothering again (vide Fick 7 and 8).These obser-
vations were accompanied by very violent struggling,
and the smothering was consequently ineffective.
I . 12 23
1 5
—Smothering again. The pressure fell 20mm. The
effect of simple smothering in lowering the blood-
pressure and slowing the pulse is well shown in the
Ludwig tracing and in Fick 10; compare with Fick 2.
J.
12 37
3 0
—Division of both vagi.
K.
12 38
2 0
—Giving a little chloroform at times to keep the animal
under.
L. 12 40
2 0
—Smothering again. Fick 13 and 14 show that
smothering after division of the vagi did not cause
any slowing of the pulse as it did when the vagi
were intact.
M.
12 48
0 . —Inhalation of Amyl nitrite, of which, however, the
quality was very doubtful.
N. 12 51
3 0 . —Chloroform was then pushed until respiration ceased,
and the animal died in spite of artificial respiration.
Before the last observation the animal's temperature had fallen below 95 F.
118
December 2nd.—No. 151.
Temperature of the room 23½ Cent. Fair-sized pariah, very thin, and
wounded. Weight 23 lbs. Into chloroform box at 3h. 14m. 3s. Fallen down
at 3h. 20m. 5s. Placed on the table at 3h. 20m. 30s. Loop under both vagi.
Temperature in the rectum at 3h. 26m. 101 F. Artery ligatured at 3h. 26m. 47s.
Canula inserted at 3h. 27m. 55s. Connection with manometer at 3h. 44m. 30s.
Two Ludwig and one Fick tracing.
H. M. S.
Observations.
A. 3 46 20 —Ordinary chloroform administration at various times.
B. 3 50 30 —Smothering by holding the mouth and nose. The
blood-pressure fell 25mm. and the pulse dropped
from 72 to 31 per minute.
C. 3 55 0 —Cutting both vagi.
D. 3 58 25 —Smothering again. The effect of smothering. now that
the vagi are cut, is to cause an inappreciable fall of
blood-pressure, and acceleration or the pulse to 105
per minute ; compare Fick 2 and 10 of Experiment
150, and Fick 3 of 151, with Fick 5 and 6 of 151.
The difference in the effects of smothering before and
after division of the vagi is obviously due to the
section of the nerves.
E. 4 1 40 —Artificial respiration.
F. 4 3 30 —Pushing chloroform until respiration ceased.
G. 4
8 10—Inhalation of Amyl nitrite of somewhat better quality
than in the last experiment.
H. 4 16 50—Chloroform again with struggling and eventual death
in spite of artificial respiration. Temperature in
the rectum at death 96 F.
December 3rd.—No. 152.
Rabbit, weight 3¾ lbs. Temperature of the room 19 Cent. Chloroform
at 7h. 52m. in a cubic foot box. Fallen down at 7k. 59m. 15s. Taken out of
box at 7h. 50m. 45s. and kept quiet with chloroform. Canula inserted into left
carotid. Connection with manometer a little before 8h. 35m. One Ludwig
tracing and two Fick readings on the same tracing as 154. Chloroform
119
was first given gradually and then pushed by pressing the cap closely upon
the animal's nose and mouth. The effect of this latter proceeding is not
shown in the tracing, owing to the artery becoming hopelessly drawn out of
its sheath and twisted. Respiration ceased at about 8h. 52m. 30s. and the
heart was still beating when the observation ceased at 9h.
December 3rd.—No. 153.
Rabbit, weight 3¾ lbs. Temperature of the room 19.7 Cent. Into
chloroform box at 9h. 45m. 40s. Fallen down at 9h. 52m. 40s. Taken out at
Once, but not being properly under, was put in again. The box was afterwards
opened from time to time, but the animal was never fully insensitive. Convul-
sions began at 10k. 9m. 55s., and it was then taken out of' box, and as it was
not under, it was given more chloroform on a cap at once. It stopped breath-
ing and artificial respiration was begun at 10h. 11m. 40s. Heart was still beat-
ing very rapidly, but efficiently when the thorax was opened at 10h. 14m. 45s.
Auricle only beating at 10h. 52m. 30s. Auricle still beating regularly, though
slowly, at 11h. 49m. Auricle still beating, but more feebly, at 12h. 7m. A
portion of the auricle was still beating slowly at 1h. 2m., although all the
organs had begun to shrivel up by drying.
December 3rd.—No. 154.
Temperature of the room 20½ Cen t. Monkey, fair-sized, but thin and
wounded, weight 9¼ lbs. Into chloroform box at 10h. 44m. Fallen against
the side at 10h. 51m. 15s., but still winking. Came out completely at 10h. 53m.
30s., and more chloroform was put into the box. Taken out of the box at 10h.
55m. 50s. and placed on the table and kept quiet with chloroform, while an
operation to expose the spinal cord was performed. Temperature 102.8 F.
in the rectum at 11h. 3m. Spinal cord exposed opposite the 5th cervical
vertebra at 11h. 8m. Left carotid ligatured at 11h. 14m. 20s. Canula inserted
at 11h. 15m. 43s. One Ludwig tracing and a part of one Fick (incorporated
with 152).
H. M. S.
Observations.
A. 11 20 45 —Ordinary chloroform administration.
B. 11 26 0 —Chloroform by Junker's inhaler attached to the
tracheal tube.
C. 11 27 15 —Artificial respiration by the Junker bellows attached
to the tracheal tube.
D. 11 30 30—Severance of the spinal cord at about the fifth cervi-
cal vertebra.
120
H.
M.
S.
E. 11 33
0 —Chloroform again by Junker continued until the heart
almost ceased beating.
December 3rd.—No. 155.
Fair-sized monkey, weight 9 3/4 lbs. Temperature of the room 23 Cent.
Into chloroform box at 2h. 31m. 28s. Fallen down at 2h. 40m. Placed on the
table and kept quiet with chloroform while the spinal cord was being exposed,
during which proceeding there was a loss of about 1 oz. of blood. Tempera-
ture in the rectum 102 F. at 2h. 45m. Artery ligatured 2h. 51m. 45s. Canula
inserted at 2h 55m. 30s. Trachea
opened and tube inserted at 2h. 57m 50s. Connection made with manometer at 3h. 2m. A little chloroform was accident-
ally thrown into the trachea by the Junker apparatus and death resulted in
spite of artificial respiration.
December 3rd.—No. 156.
We i g h t 2 7 3 / 4 l b s . A l a r g e p a r i a h t h a t h a s h a d t wo g r a i n s o f p h o s p h o r u s t h i s
morning. Into chloroform box at 3h. 26m. 30s. Fallen down at 3h. 39m. 35s.
and placed on the board at 3h. 40m. 10s. Artery ligatured at 3h. 46m. 50s.,
and canula inserted at 3h. 48m. Loop under both vagi. Connection made
with manometer at 3h. 51m. 7s. One Ludwig and two Fick tracings.
H. M. S.
Observations.
A.
3 56
4 0
—Administration of chloroform with a cap closely ap-
plied to the muzzle (Fick 2 shows the extreme in-
hibition of the heart's action probably owing to
vagus stimulation from interference with the res-
piration).
B.
4 0
5 —Gradual administration of chloroform with plenty of air.
C.
4 3
5 5
—Simple smothering without chloroform by holding
the mouth and nose (compare Fick reading 5 with
Fick reading 2). These readings are identical (1)
with each other; (2) with Fick readings 4 and 9 of
Experiment 117, which are tracings of simple vagus
irritation; (3) with Fick Reading 11 of Experiment
64, which is a tracing of vagus irritation and
chloroform administration combined; (4) with Fick
Reading 13 of Experiment 178, which records the
arrest of the heart, after stoppage of the respiration
by chloroform poisoning; and (5) with the Glasgow
tracings A and C, more especially C.