13
by filth and sewage from cattleyards and not more than 20 yards
away from the nearest house, which in every case showed larvae of
same, either in gharras or tubs. Of the 2,273 garden tanks only 11
were infected. The water in all of them was discoloured by decaying
vegetable matter, but was in no case foul. Also of the total 116 cattle
troughs and 80 floral fountains only 3 were infected.
(6) Of the temporary breeding places, gharras, especially those which
were too big to be handled by one person, showed them. Tubs come next
in order of number, but it must be remembered that these are infinitely
leas than the number of gharras. They were also found in 3 iron tubs
only; also in soda cooling chatties etc., and fire buckets.
(c) The S. Fasciata larvae were found almost always by themselves.
In 26 cases they found in association with G. Fatigans or C. Concolor,
once with A. Rossi and four times with A. Stephensi.
ii. Anophelines.—(a) A. Stephensi have a distribution co-exten-
sive with that of A. Rossi and their total number of breeding places
is extremely limited. These will be considered together, as in many
cases they overlap. Out of 461 wells they were found in 34, i. e.,
about 8 per cent.; some of these were brackish and those at Manora
are like seawater and contained Rossi. In 189 garden tanks etc.,
out of 2,273, i. e., in 9 per cent. in 4 garden tubs and in 6 out of 80
fountains and none in cattle troughs. The garden drains are not
counted in this list as when found in one place they could be picked
up throughout the whole length. They were found in five catch water
pits and curiously enough in two very foul decomposing manure tanks.
They were absent from nearly the whole of the marshy area and
mangrove swamps except in one place whrere there was back-water,
and in the railway drain they could be picked up in myriads.
Taking their distribution as a whole they are not found in more than
8 per cent. of the total number of possible breeding places, the actual
number in which they were found being a little less than 275.
(b) They were not found in any of the temporary breeding places.
iii. Culex.—The larvae are found in the cesspits and drains in
enormous numbers, breeding readily in foul water, and a stinking
decomposing mass and faecal contamination are no debar. They were
found in sweet and brackish well waters and also in the sea-water in
marshes and mangrove swamps.
Out of the total of 513 wells including those of tanneries, 217, i. e., 45%,
were infested; in 20% of the garden and the other tanks; in nearly all catue
troughs and public fountains of the city and in some of the cisterns on tops
of houses, especially those in Lyari. Others of their breeding places are garden
tubs and drains, manure tanks, stable runnings, fire buckets, pools of water
near stand-pipes, cattle yards, etc.
(c) They were 26 times in association with S. Fasciata, 22 times with
A. Stephensi and 27 times with A. Rossi.
B. DISTRIBUTION BY LOCALITY.
i. S. Fasciata.—An analyses of all the above shows that as things
are at present, the Lyari and Civil Lines are most infested. The
Garden quarter, Kiamari old town, etc., of group B and Rambagh and
Serai come next in order of descending preponderance, but the first
two are by far the worst. Their prevalence is an index of the
negligence of people.
ii. Anophelines.—The Garden quarter is the most infested, then
come the Civil Lines, Manora and Lyari. The rest show a specimen
here and there. Those houses which have water-logged gardens, like
the Madrasah in Serai, can be said to be their exclusive haunts,
H 305—4