NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
121
H.
M.
S .
D.
4 7
0 . —
Division of both vagi.
E.
4 10 35.—i
S i m p l e s m o t h e r i n g a g a i n ( c o m p a r e t h e e x t r e m e l y
rapid pulse in Fick 7, with the slow pulse of Fick 5
before the vagi were divided).
F.
4 1.4
5 0 . —
Chloroform again with the cap closely applied while
the pulse was still extremely rapid (compare
No. 151). The pressure fell rapidly, and after the
chloroform was stopped the animal gave two or
three convulsive gasps in rapid succession which
had no effect on the pressure.
G 4 16
2 0 . —
Artilicial respiration failed to restore the animal and
the heart stopped beating about six minutes after
the last gasp, Temperature 1014 F. Thorax opened
at 4h. 23m. Heart quite still, but irritable.
December 4th.—No. 157.
A large pariah, weight 38 lbs., that had three grains of phosphorus
yesterday—one in the morning and two in the evening. Temperature of the
room 18½ Cent. Into chloroform box at 7h. 58m. 30s. Fallen down at 8h. 4m.
59s. Left, carotid ligatured and canula inserted. Temperature 100·6 F. in the
rectum. Both vagi looped. Connection with manometer at 8h. 26m. 40s, Two
Ludwig and two Fick tracings.
Obsercations.
H. M.
S .
A .
8 27 0.— Ordinary chloroform administration.
B .
8 28 15.—
A r e m a r k a b l e f a l l o f p r e s s u r e a n d s l o w i n g o f t h e p u l s e
(vide F ick 2) that, occurred after the chloroform had
been stopped. The apparatus for holding the dog's
muzzle was being removed at the time, but no
exact cause could be assigned for the fall of pres-
sure (which resembles that produced by asphyxia
in other phosphorus dogs), except that the animal
was holding its breath. After about a minute the
-
pressure and pulse were restored to their previous
condition without artificial respiration or other
interference.
C .
8 35
0 . —
Snipping of the margin of the anus ( F i c k 3 ) .
122
H. M. S.
D. 8 38
4 0 . — Chloroform with the cap closely applied to the muzzle
(vide Fick 4).
E. 8 42
4 5 . — Chloroform again (the animal struggling and holding
breath); pushed until respiration had stopped.
F. 8 44
0 . — Artificial respiration.
G. 8 45 0.—Division of both vagi.
H . 8
4 8
2 0 . —
Chloroform very gently with lots of air until respira-
tion had almost stopped.
I, 8 57 20, Chloroform again pushed until the respiration ceased
entirely.
,J. 8 59 0, Artificial respiration for broken periods. At 0110 time
the artificial respiration appeared to have the effect
of preventing the natural rise of pressure (vide the
Ludwig tracing. just after Fick reading 9). The
animal now entered into a completely anomalous
condition in which he gasped slowly and irregularly
and the pressure rose and fell in the most rapid
manner without any apparent reason,
K. 9 10 40. —Irritation of the peripheral end of the right vagus, at,
first with the coils distant 15, and afterwards 10
centimetres. the latter proving effective.
1,, 9 13 50.—Pushing chloroform until death resulted (the tracing
was interrupted by clots in the tubes which were
onl v cleared ust
before et 1 .
December 4th.----No. 158.
Large pariah, weight 37 lbs., that had three grains of phosphorus
yesterday like 157. Into chloroform box at 1011. 23m. 20s. Fallen clown and
at once placed on the table at 1011. 28in. 45s. Kept quiet with chloroform from
time to time. Temperature 101 F. Breathing very feeble and slow at
10h. 31m. 30s. aud artificial respiration performed now and again until 10h. 46m.
Artery ligatured at 1011. 38in. and canula inserted. Connection with the mano-
meters at 10h, 47m. Two Ludwig and one Fick tracing.
N. M. S.
Obseivations.
A,
10 51 55.—Ordinary chloroform administration, struggling and
holding the breath.
B. 11 4 0.—Pushiug chloroform until respiration stopped.
123
H. M. S.
C. 11 8
1 0 . — Injection of liquor atropinœ 10 minims into tile peri -
toneum.
D. 11 12
5 . — Irritation of the right vagus to test the effect of atropine.
E. 11 13
3 0 . — Injection of 20 minims more liquor atropinœ into peri-
toneum.
F. 11 16 30.—Irritation of the right vagus again, with now a distinct
rise of pressure. The vagi are paralysed by the
atropine.
G . 11 21
0 . —
Pushing chloroform gently, but not without some
struggling and holding the breath.
H. 11 29 0.— Smothering by holding nose and mouth (vide Fick 4,
in which the pulse is alternately slow and quick
according to the phase of respiration, but distinct
vagus irritation is absent, and compare with. Fick 2
and 5 of 156).
I . 11 31
0 . — Pushing chloroform until respiration ceased; artificial
respiration failed to restore the animal.
December 4th—No, 159.
Temperature of the room 23·5 Cent. Dog. weight 35 lbs., that has had
phosphorus (one grain yesterday, one to-day). Into chloroform box at
3h. 3m. 45s. Fallen down at 3h. 8m. 8s. and placed on the table at once and
given chloroform from time to time to keep it quiet. Breathing stopped and
artificial respiration performed at 3h. 14m. 35s. and continued for a few
seconds. Temperature in rectum 101·9 F. Canula inserted into the artery
at 3h. 17m. 10s. Connection with manometer at 3h. 10m. 8s. The animal
was fully sensitive and chloroform was given almost immediately. Violent
struggling with the breath held ensued and afterwards deep inspirations and
howling, during which he must have inhaled chloroform very freely. Chloro
-
form was stopped after one minute and respiration ceased after about three-
quarters of a minute more. Artificial respiration was at once commenced, and
after about 3½ minutes there were a few feeble gasping respiratory movements,
which did not, however, raise the mean blood-pressure at all. Artificial respira
-
tion was continued for five minutes longer, but failed to restore the animal,
the heart ceasing to beat about ten minutes after the chloroform was commenced.
The liver was distinctly fatty, and the heart appeared to be soft and flabby.
One Ludwig tracing only.
124
December 4th.—No. 160.
Pariah dog, weight 24 lbs., has had two grains of phosphorus as in 159.
Into chloroform box at 3h. 38m. 24s. Fallen down at 3h. 49m. 20s. Placed
on the table at once. Canula inserted into the left carotid at 3h. 55m. 45s.
Connection with manometer at 3h. 59m. 30s. One Ludwig tracing only.
Chloroform was given at first very gently with plenty of air until the animal
was fully under. The animal's head was then placed in a bladder which
communicated with an apparatus (described in Appendix) for generating
carbonic acid and the inhalation of this gas commenced. Blood-pressure fell
slowly at first, but afterwards more rapidly. After 3¾ minutes the respiration
stopped, and the bladder was at once taken off the dog's head and air freely
admitted while artificial respiration was commenced. Gasping respira
-
tory movements occurred after about a minute, but had little or no effect
upon the blood-pressure, and ceased finally after another minute. Artificial
respiration was resumed,
but, without avail. The liver was not apparently
f a t t y .
December 6th.—No. 161
Temperature of the room 20 Cent. Large pariah, weight 26 lbs., that has
had three grains of phosphorus in one-grain daily doses, but is not particularly
s i c k , t h o u g h o u t o f a b a t c h o f s e v e n . o f
w h i c h h e i s
o n e ,who
were dosed wi
t h
phosphorus in the same way. three died in the course of the day. Into chloroform
b o x a t 1 0 h . 1 1 m . 2 0 s . M
o r e
chloroform into the box at 10h. 17m. 40s. Fallen
down at 10h. 22m. 40s. Placed on the table at, 10h. 23m. 25s. Slight convul
-
sions at 10h. 25m,. after which the breath was held for about half a. minute and
artificial respiration was employed for a few seconds. More chloroform at 10h.
25m. 55s. as the animal was sensitive and groaning. Temperature ill the rec
-
tum 100·4 F. Chloroform stopped again. at 10h. 27m. 50s. More chloroform
at 10h. 29m. 25s. Artery ligatured at 10h. 30m. Stop chloroform again at 10h.
30m. 10s. Canula inserted at 10h. 31m, 52s. More chloroform at 10h. 33m.
50s. until 10h. 34m, 30s. More chloroform again at 10h. 34m. 40s. Stop chlo
-
roform at 10h. 35m. 20s. Connection made with manometer at 10h. 36m. 30s.
Three Ludwig and two Fick tracings.
H. M. S .
Observations.
A. 10 39
2 5 . —
Administration of alcohol by Junker's inhaler, the
tube introduced into the nostril (the pressure in
this animal fell in a marked way whenever he
struggled).
125
H . M. S.
B. 10 45 0,— Alcohol continued, but close fitting inhaler used in
place of the tube in the nostril,
C. 10 51 30.— Chloroform administration with struggling.
D. 10 59 10.—Inhalation of carbonic acid, and chloroform at the
same time (vide especially Fick reading 3).
E. 11 9 4.— Carbonic acid inhalation again (after giving fresh air),
and for a short time chloroform as well (v ide Fick 6).
F. 11 24 0.— Carbonic acid inhalation again with more careful
exclusion of air. After the Carbonic acid was stopped
he breathed spontaneously for a short time, but arti-
ficial respiration then became necessary at. intervals.
11 480.— Lastlv, smothering by bandaging mouth and nose
with an elastic band until he died.
December 6th—No. 162.
Weight 9 lbs. Monkey that had half a grain of morphine at 12 o'clock
hypodermically. Into chloroform box at 2h. 25m. 5s. Fallen down at 2h. 32m.
15s. and at once placed onthe board. Artery ligatured and canula inserted as
usual. Connection with manometer at 2h. 50m. 15s. Two Ludwig and
o n e
Fick tracing during repeated administrations of chloroform until respiration
ceased, with an increasing interval on each occasi
on before commencing artifi-
cial respiration until at last it failed to restore life.
Observations.
H.
M. S .
A .
3 52 55 — Gentle chloroform administration with plenty of air.
At first there were irregularities in the respiration,
sneezing for example, and the trace is slightly
irregulay. The respiration then became regular.
and the fall of pressure was perfectly regular
until cessation of respiration at 2h. 58m. 0s.
Artificial respiration was commenced at 2h. 58m. 30s.
and stopped at 2h. 50m. 20s. The animal then
went into a profound sleep until 3h. 10m. 35s., when
more chloroform was given,
126
H. M. S.
B. 3 14 30.—More chloroform. The respiration stopped at 3h. 16m.
0s. Artificial respiration was commenced at 3h. 16m
. 40s., and the animal was fully restored at 3h. 23m
. 0s. The artificial respiration was stopped from
3h. 18m. 35s. to 3h. 19m. 0s., when Fick 6 was
taken. There is barely any pulse tracing to be seen
in Fick reading 6, but the heart was not weakened
and the animal was revived completely by continued
artificial respiration.
C. 3 27 5.—Chloroform more freely than before, Respiration stop-
ped at 3h. 28m. 0s. and artificial respiration was
commenced at 3h. 29m. 15s. Fick 9 was taken at
3h. 28m. 55s. and shows entire absence of pulse
tracing, and yet, as in Fick 6, the heart was not
weakened, and the animal was again rapidly restored
by artificial respiration.
D. 3 38 40.—Repetition of B and C. This time the animal at first strug-
gled and held its breath, and there was consequent
irregularity of the circulation (vide the Ludwig tracing
and Fick 11). The respiration stopped at 3h. 39m
. 40s., and Fick 12 shows complete absence of pulse
tracing again. Artificial respiration was commenced
at 3h. 41m. 30s. and the animal was easily restored.
E. 3 48 10.—Chloroform pushed till death; the respiration stopped
at 3h. 52m. 0s. and the heart stopped at 3h. 57m
. 30s.
Experiment 162 shows that absence of the pulse tracing, which was
observed every time the respiratory centre was paralysed, is no proof whatever
that the heart has ceased to act, or, though it has ceased to act temporarily,
that it has failed. It is remarkable that when the heart stopped (vide Fick 6, 9
and 12 and the Ludwig tracing on either side of these readings) there was no
further fall of blood-pressure, showing that at the time of cessation the pressure
was already as low as it could be, If direct weakening of the heart were the cause
of the fall of blood-pressure in chloroform administration, we ought to find the
heart-beats getting smaller and smaller up to the time when the pressure
reaches its lowest, and gradually growing bigger and bigger again on the other
127
side as the effect of the chloroform wears off. Instead of this, Experiment 162
shows that there were ample pulsations on both sides of the temporary
pauses, If Fick 9, with the Ludwig tracing on either side, is carefully studied,
it will be seen that up to the time the heart beats ceased, the pulsations recorded
in the Ludwig were ample and strong. There was then a temporary arrest of
pulsation for 6 seconds (vide Fick 9). Immediately after Fick 9 the pulsation
returned for 5 seconds ( vide the Ludwig between 3h. 28m. 0s. and 3h. 29m, 0s.)
Afterwards there was a long pause of 20 seconds without any pulsations
at all. This pause was so marked that Dr. Bomford thought a clot had formed
in the tube, and at 3h. 29m. 10s, he wrote on the Ludwig tracing"? clot."
Artificial respiration was just about to be commenced when the animal gave two
spontaneous gasps, vigorous pulsations followed and the pressure was raised in
five seconds to the height it was at before chloroform was administered in
Observation C.
December 7th.—No. 163.
Temperature of the room 23 Cent. Medium-sized pariah, weight 25 1/4 lbs.
that has had three grains of phosphorus, one daily on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th
instant. Is now very feeble and can hardly stand, Tied on to the dog-board
a t 1 0 h . 4 4 m. 1 5 s . Gi v e n c h l o r o f o r m o n t h e o r d i n a r y c a p a t 1 0 h . 4 4 m. 4 5 s .
Operation to tie carotid commenced at 10h. 45m. 30s. Chloroform stopped at
1 0 h . 4 6 m . 4 5 s . C a n u l a i n s e r t e d i n t o c a r o t i d a t 1 0 h . 5 0 m . 1 5 s . T e m p e r a t u r e i n
rectum 94.6 F. Connection made with manometer at 10h. 55m. One Ludwig
and one Fick tracing during very gradual administration of chloroform, the
animal's head being inserted through an opening in the side of a large box
(8 feet cubic contents) and carefully packed with wet cloths after one ounce of
chloroform had been introduced into the box on blotting paper. Post-mortem
temperature 94·8 F.
December 7th.—No. 164.
Temperature of the room 23 Cent. Another phosphorus dog of the same
batch, but does not appear to be particularly ill. Weight 29 lbs. Tied down
on the board and given chloroform on a cap at 11h. 27m. 40s. Chloroform
stopped at 11h. 29m. 6s. More chloroform at 11h. 30m. 45s. Stopped again
at 11h. 31m. 6s. Both pupils dilated. Artery ligatured at 11h. 31m. 45s.
Temperature in the vagina 102 F. Canula inserted at 11h. 34m. 6s. More
chloroform at 11h . 3 6 m. 1 0 s . Co n n e c t i o n ma d e wi t h ma n o me t e ra t
1 1 h . 3 9 m .
10s. Two Ludwig and one Fick tracing.
128
H . M . S .
Observations.
A, 11 39 0.—Rapid chloroform administration while struggling and
holding breath. Great irregularity is observed in
the Ludwig tracing.
B. 11 41 0.—Gentle administration of chloroform in the ordinary
way SO as not to excite struggles. The contrast to
Observation A is very marked.
C. 11 44 0.—Very gradual administration with the large box as in
163.
D . 1 1
52 40.—Snipping the skin of the thigh.
E. 11 53 50.—Excision of one of the nipples
.
F .
1 1 5 5 1 0 . — E v u l s i o n o fn
a i l s .
After these at 12h. 2m. 0s. the box was opened and the air freshened by
means of a bellows and then closed again after another ounce of chloroform had
been introduced. This was continued until the animal died. The respiration
ceased at 12h. 12m. 0s., and the heart stopped at 12h. 18m. 30s. Post-mortem
— T e m p e r a t u r e 1 0 1 F . L i v e r v e r y f r i a b l e , b u t v e r y c o n g e s t e d a n d o f a d a r k
col our . Hear t di st ended.
December 7th.—No. 165.
Monkey, weight 9 lbs., to whom one drachm of tincture of canthiarides was
given by the stomach yesterday evening rind another this morning, and it does
not appear to be ill at all.. P l a c e d o n t h e b o a r d a n d
g i v e n
c h l o r o f o r m a t 2 h .
4.1m. 40s. Chloroform stopped at 2h. 45m. 30s. Chloroform again at 2h.
4 7 m . 5 s . f o r a s h o r t t i m e . A g a i n a t 2 h .4
9 m .
A r t e r y l i g a t u r e d a t 2 h . 5 2 m . 5 s . a n d
more chloroform at 2h. 52m. 30s. Stopped again at 2h. 53m. 10s. No urine
in the bladder. Loop under the internal jugular vein. Canula, inserted at 2h.
56m. A little chloroform again at 2h. 57m. 5s. One Ludwig tracing and one
Fick reading on the same tracing as 167. Chloroform was given very freely
on a cap closely applied while the animal was struggling. He hen alternately
held his breath and gave deep gasps while the pressure fell rapidly.
R e s p i r a - t i o n s t o p p e d . C h l o r o f o r m w a s d i s c o n t i n u e d a n d a r t i f i c i a lr
e s p i r a t i o n a s
performed. He afterwards breathed in a feeble snorting way for a short time
and then stopped finally. Artilicial respiration - was again performed for
several minutes, but without effect, the heart gradually ceasing. The
b l a d -
der was empty and the kidneys congested. The mesentery was very much
congested.
129
December 7th.-No. 166.
Unusually large pariah dog, weight 39 lbs. (unpoisoned, but old and tooth
- l e s s ) . P l a c e d o n t h e t a b l e s t r u g g l i n g v i o l e n t l y a n d g i v e n c h l o r o f o r m a t 3 h .
2 7 m . 1 0 s . C h l o r o f o r m s t o p p e d a t 3 h . 2 8 m . 5 0 s . S t r u g g l i n g a g a i n a n d g i v e n
more chloroform from 3h. 31m. 30s. to 3h. 33m. 10s. Artery ligatured at 3h.
33m. Noticed to have stopped breathing at 3h. 34m. 5s. and artificial respiration
was performed until 3h. 39m. A needle thrust into his heart at that time did
not beat. Lungs pigmented and bloodless. Mitral valve almost cartilaginous
on its free margin. This dog's death was the result of inattention on the part
of the attendants. who were seeing how quickly they could tie the artery and
were not watching the respiration,
December 7th.—No, 167.
P a r i a h . we i g h t 3 8 3 / 4 l b s . ( u n p o i s o n e d a n d . h e a l t h y ) . I n t o c h l o r o f o r m b o x a t
3h. 50m. 50s. Fallen down at 3h. 54m. 30s. and placed on the board at once.
Mor e chl cr of or m at 3h. 55m. 45s . St opped at 3h. 57m. Mor e chl or of or m at 3h.
58m. Artery ligatured at 4h. 50s. Chloroform stopped at 4h. 1m. 15s. Artery
ligatured and canula inserted. More chloroform at 4h. 3m, 35s. Stopped at 4h.
5 m . 3 s . C o n n e c t i o n m a d e w i t h t h e m a n o m e t e r a t 4 h . 5 m . 2 0 s . O n e L u d w i g
and one Fick tracing (which includes the solitary reading of 165). After a
little chloroform had been given 5mm. of nicotine were injected into the peri-
toneum. Shortly afterwards the pressure began to fluctuate violently and the
dog to gape as if he were about to vomit. Fick reading 2 was then taken and
immediately afterwards the pressure rose steadily and with slight oscillations to
above 250 mm. and landed the marker on the top of the drum. There was no
apparent cause for this rise and no spasm was noticed; but in the confusion it may
have been overlooked. The pressure soon fell again to about 180mm. Chloroform
was discontinued and respiration ceased for rather more than a minute. After
another two minutes the pressure began to fall rapidly, and the administration
of chloroform. which was continued for about half a minute, seemed to hasten
this fall. The breathing soon after ceased and the animal died. Convulsive
twitchings of the jaw. ears. and forepaws continued until after 4h. 30m. The
movements continued for more than ten minutes after death, and were sufficiently
forcible to jerk the handles of a pair of pressure forceps fixed on the end of the
tongue off the table at each spasm.
December 9th,—No. 168.
Monkey, weight 91/4lbs., placed in the chloroform box at 10h. 19m. 44s.
Fallen down at 10h. 28m. 42s. and at once placed on the table and. kept quiet
130
with chloroform. Artery ligatured at 10h. 36m. 47s. Canula inserted at 10h.
38m. 55s. Connection with the manometer at 10h. 42m. 45s.
One Ludwig tracing and part of one Fick (incorporated with 169 and 170).
Observations.
H. M.
A. 10 44 5.—Ordinary chloroform administration. No struggling ;
tracing regular.
B. 10 46 0.—Chloroform administration. Struggling and holding
the breath ; very irregular breathing continued with
corresponding irregularity of the circulation until
10h. 53m. 30s.
C. 10 50 0.—Continued gentle administration of chloroform with
plenty of air until death. The respiration stopped
at 10h. 59m. 30s. and the heart at 11h. 3m. 0s. Post-
mortem—Temperature 100.8 F.
December 9th.—No. 169.
Dog. 37¾ lbs. Given chloroform at 11h. 12m. 30s. Fallen down at 11h, 15m.
55s. Placed on the table at 11h. 16m. 10s. More chloroform given 11h. 17m.
47s. Stopped at 11h. 18m. 25s. More chloroform at 11h. 19m. 5s. Artery liga
-tured at 11h. 19m. 55s. Stopped chloroform at 11h. 21m. 5s. Canula inserted at
11h. 21m. 21s. More chloroform at 11h. 22m. 35s. Stopped chloroform at 11h. 23m.
10s. Connection with manometer at 11h. 24m. 25s. One Ludwig and part of a
Fick tracing during continued gentle administration of chloroform until death.
H. M. S.
A. 11 27 5.—Chloroform gently.
11 30 55.—Respiration stopped.
11 34 45.—Heart stopped.
December 9th.—No. 170.
Weight 10¼ lbs. Monkey that has had a drachm of tincture of cantharides
yesterday and the day before. Into chloroform box at 11h. 47m. 43s. Taken
out and placed on the table at 12h. 5m. and kept quiet with chloroform from
time to time. Artery ligatured at 12h. 9m. 20s. Canula inserted at 12h. 10m.
36s. Connection with the manometer at 12h. 13m. 10s. One Ludwig and
a part of a Fick during gentle administration of chloroform until deat
h
131
ensued. Post-mortem—Temperature 104 F. Bladder quite empty. No visible
congestion of the kidneys.
H. M.
S.
A. 12 13 30.—Chloroform gently.
12 19 40.—Respiration stopped.
12 25 0.—Heart stopped.
December 9th.—No. 171.
Rabbit. Weight 3 lbs. Placed on the rabbit-board at 2h. 43m. 50s. Given
chloroform at 2h. 45m. and from time to time to keep it quiet. Artery ligatured
at 2h. 54m. (very small). Canula inserted, at 3h. Connection with the mano
-meter at 3h. 5m. Part of one Ludwig tracing and of one Fick (incorporated
with the tracings of 172).
Observations.
H.
M . S.
A.
8 3
0.—V i olent struggling.
B. 3
8 40.—Chloroform administration pushed until the respiration
ceased.
C. 3 10 10.—Artificial respiration; the artery was then accidentally
torn and the tracing concluded, as it did not seem as
if the animal was coming round. The heart con-
tinued to beat until 3h. 17m.
December 9th.—No. 172.
Anoth er rabbit. Weight 3¼, lbs. Tied on the rabbit-board and given chloro
-form at 3h. 21m. 23s. Artery ligatured at 3h. 26m. 50s. Canula inserted at
3h. 29m. 10s. Connection with the manometer at 3h. 37m. One Ludwig trac
- i n g , a n d o n e F i c k ( i n c o r p o r a t e d w i t h 1 7 1 ) .
H.
M.
S .
Observations.
A. 3 38
1 5 .
—Gentle chloroform administration on a sponge before
the nose: struggling.
B. 3 43 15. —Chloroform again while struggling and holding the
breath. (The pressure rose every time the animal
held its breath.) Violent struggling.
C. 3 45
3 0 .
—Chloroform on a cap closely applied to the face with
more struggling and holding of the breath.