NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
398
lecture Syme said, " The points that we consider of the greatest practical
importance in the administration of Chloroform are"__
(1) " First a free admixture of air
with the vapour of chloroform, to en-
sure which a soft porous material is
employed ***` we use no apparatus
whatever."
(1) The Commission has shown
that a free admixture of air with the
vapour of chloroform alone ensures
normal respiration and normal anæs-
thesia.*and that no form of apparatus
or inhaler can determine regular
breathing.†
(2) Syme said. Secondly. if this
[ r i z . a f r e e
a d m i x t u r e o f a i r w i t h t h e c a p o u r o fc
h l o r o f o r m ]
b e a t t e n d e d t o ,
the more rapidly the chloroform is
given the better till the effect is pro-
duced ; and hence we do not stint the
quantity of the chloroform.
(2) The Commission has demon-
strated that there is nothing to be gain-
ed by slow anæsthesia, and that the
strongest concentration of the vapour
of chloroform that is compatible with
regular breathing constitutes the safe
dilution of the anæsthetic. ‡ This does
not mean that the patient is to be
forced to inhale over concentrated
vapour. Any concentration, or any
method of administration whatsoever.
which interferes with or stops the
patient's respiration must impede the
inhalation, and by importing into the
administration the risk of asphyxia
must produce abnormal anæsthesia.
(3) Thirdly, Syme said, "we never
continue beyond the point when the
patient is fully under the influence of
the anæsthetic."
(3) This point is now self-evident.
Normal anæsthesia is all the chloro-
formist has to produce.
(4) " Then—and this is a most im
portent point—we are guided as to the
effect, not by the circulation but en-
(4) This is the only point on which
the Hyderabad Commission has im-
proved upon Syme's teaching. The
* vi dee s pe c i a l l y Expe r i me nt s Nos . 148, 168, 169, 170 a nd Lndwi g I I I a nd I V of 180.
† Vide page 298, and experiment No.41 page 41.
399
tirely by the respiration ; you never
see any body here [Edinburgh] with
his finger on the pulse while chloro-
form is given."
pulse can never be a guide to normal
chloroform anæsthesia. Syme said
that the duty of the chloroformist
was to be guided by the respiration ;
the Commission has proved that it is the
chloroformist's duty not to be guided
by, but to guide the respiration, and to
keep the inhalation regular so as
always to produce normal anæsthesia.
The report thus ends by showing how choroughly the Hyderabad Com-
mission has succeeded in proying that the late Professor Syme's principles of
chloroform administration are right. This is the most fitting tribute the Com-
mission can pay to the genius and wisdom of the illustrious surgeon, who, by
his teaching and example. elevated and ennobled British surgery and paved
the way for the new era inaugurated while yet he had full time to appreciate it,
by his equally illustrious son-in-law Sir Joseph Lister.
EDWARD LAWRIE, President.
T. LAUDER BRUNTON,
G. BOM FORD, } Members.
RUSTOMJI D. HAKIM.
377
August 29th, 1891.—No. 300.
Temperature of room 80.5° F. Sickly Hindoo female, ætat. 32. Disease
— a b s c e s s . O p e r a t i o n — i n c i s i o n . C h l o r o f o r m e d a t t h e A f z u l g u n j H o s p i t a l b y
student Miss Williams at 9h. 47m. 30s. Anæsthesia complete at 9h. 52m. 15s.
Continued until the operation was finished at 9h. 54m. 15s.
Observations.
H . M . S
.
A. 9 47 30.—Chloroform on cap ; respirations regular, 17 per minute.
B. 9 48 25.—Regular breathing, 24 in a minute.
C. 9 49 50.—Moving hands.
D. 9 50 10.—Talking.
E. 9 50 15.—Irregular breathing ; one breath of pure air.
F. 9 50 50.—While more chloroform was being poured on to the cap,
took two breaths of pure air.
G. 9 52 15.—Cornea insensitive. Cap was afterwards re-applied
until 9h. 54m. 15s. when the operation was finished.
August 29th, 1891.—No. 301.
Temperature of room 80 . 5° F. Weakly Hindoo male, Parwaty Ram, ætat. 30.
Disease—abscess. Operation—incision. Chloroformed at the Afzulgunj
Hospital by student Krishtiah at 10h. 4m. 50s. Anæsthesia complete at
10h. 8m. 50s. Continued until 11h. 20m. 0s.
.
H .
M .
S
.
A. 10 4 50.—Chloroform on cap.
B. 10 5 15.—Very rapid respirations, 52 a minute.
C. 10 5 30.—Noisy expiration.
D . 1 0 6 5 0 . — B r e a t h i n g r e g u l a r , 2 4 i n a m i n u t e .
F. 10 7 30.—Struggling ; one breath of pure air.
F. 10 8 30.—Talking.
G. 10 8 50.—Cornea insensitive. Chloroform stopped. Continued
afterwards until the operation was finished at
10h. 20m. 0s. 4 8
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE CIVIL VETERINARY
DEPARTMENT, SIND, FOR
THE YEAR 1944-45.
KARACHI:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS
1947
Below Annual Administration Report of the Civil Veterinary
Department, Sind, for the year 1944-45.
No. G.-IV-3/7534 OF 1945-46.
Karachi, dated 3rd October 1945.
Forwarded with compliments to the Secretary to the Government of Sind,
General Department, Karachi.
2. Mr. Bachan Singh, M.R.C.V.S., J.P., held the charge of the Depart-
ment from 1st April to 7th December 1944, and on his premature death on
the 8th December 1944, Mr. H. S. Bawa, M.R.C.V.S., held the post of the
Director of Veterinary Services, Sind, from 8th December 1944 to 31st March
1945.
3. Mortality Statistics.—The
total reported mortality among equines
bovines and other animals during the year under review was 4,271 as compared
with 4,188 in the preceding year. The slight increase was due to incidence
of Rinderpest in the districts of Karachi and Hyderabad which was absent
last year, otherwise the year remained almost healthy for the live-stock.
4. Veterinary Dispensaries.—There
were 37 Veterinary Dispensaries
working at the beginning and close of the year. The District Local Board,
Hyderabad, demanded, for opening of 2 more Veterinary Dispensaries, one
at Tando Bago and another at Tando Ghulamali, but owing to dearth of
qualified hands to run the existing dispensaries, the further expansion of the
department could not be initiated. Owing to deputation of 5 Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons to Military, Agricultural and Police Departments and
existing vacancies of Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in the department, steps
are being taken to recruit Vets from outside the province. 49,580 cases
were treated at the Veterinary Dispensaries as compared with 50,106 last
year, 6,357 castrations performed as against 6,593 during the preceding year.
The Veterinary Assistant Surgeons and Veterinary Field Compounders during
the course of their tours treated 36,206 cases for contagious and parasitic
diseases, 9,508 for non-contagious diseases and castrated 5,429 animals in
3,082 villages during the year under review as against 56,294 cases for con-
tagious and parasitic diseases 9,259 for non-contagious diseases treated and
4,522 castrations performed in 3,567 villages during the preceding year.
The decrease in the figures is attributed partly to deputation of Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons and acute shortage of carbon tetrachloride which is one
of the few effective remedies for the liver fluke infection and for want of
certain medicines in common use in practice not available owing to War
conditions.
5. Propaganda.—The
department was called upon to participate in
different Rural Reconstruction Centres, Shows, Fairs, War Services Exhibition,
Co-operative Rallies, Nation Building Department Exhibition and even
with limited funds at its disposal for propaganda, work managed to organise
stalls and acquitted itself favourably side by side with the other sister depart-
ments. With the propaganda outfit now being available, the department will
be in a better position to carry out this important work at the fairs and shows
L (IV) 1828— 1
2
and educate the people in the rural areas as regards cattle welfare, animal
diseases and their treatment and how to act in case of outbreaks of contagious
diseases.
6. Investigation of diseases.—The final sanction regarding the appoint-
ment of Assistant Investigation Officer for poultry diseases in Sind on 50 : 50
basis by the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research is awaited.
7. Horse Show.—The District Local Board, Upper Sind Frontier, held
their Horse and Pony Show at Jacobabad, as usual, and Department rendered
every possible help in making the show a success. Government contributed
Rs. 500 and a silver medal. The medal was awarded to the best animal at
the show. The Karachi Race and Riding Club, Ltd., Karachi, donated a
similar sum in cash.
8. Equine Breeding operations.—The District Local Board, Dadu, lost
their stallion during the year under review, so that there are now three stallions
with District Local Board, Upper Sind Frontier, only. This is likely to
affect the Pony Breeding in Dadu District.
9. The expenditure of the Department was Rs. 2,22,625 as compared
with 1,90,491 in 1943-44.
10. General.—The work of the Department is handicapped and further
expansion sealed owing to non-availability of qualified hands and more so on
account of Sindhis not coming forward to take up Veterinary Line solely due
to the poor prospects of the subordinate Veterinary staff as compared to other
departments.
H. S. BAWA,
Director of Veterinary Services, Sind.
3
Annual Administration Report of the Civil Veterinary Department, Sind,
for the year 1944-45.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
Mr. Bachan Singh, M.R.C.V.S., J.P., held charge of the Civil Veterinary
Department, Sind, from 1st April 1944 to 7th December 1944, when due to
his untimely death on the 8th December 1944, Mr. H. S. Bawa, M.R.C.V.S.,
succeeded him and held the post of Director of Veterinary Services, Sind,
from 8th December 1944 to 31st March 1945. Mr. Bachan Singh toured for
26 days, attended outbreaks of contagious diseases, inspected 6 Veterinary
Dispensaries and attended the special meeting of the Imperial Council of
Agricultural Research at New Delhi in connection with post-War Reconstruc-
tion. Mr. H. S. Bawa was on tour for 46 days, inspected 12 Veterinary
Dispensaries, attended the sixth meeting of the Animal Husbandry Wing of
the Board of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in India at Hyderabad
(Deccan) during January-February 1945. He travelled 5,031 miles by rail and
146 miles by road. He attended outbreaks of contagious disease as far as
possible. He also visited the Government Seed and Fruit Farms at Mirpur-
khas and number of Panjrapoles, Gaushallas, private Dairies and slaughter
houses.
2. The post of Officer-in-charge, Veterinary Laboratory, Karachi, was
held by Mr. Abdul Majid N. Siddiqi up to the afternoon of 15th July 1944
and on his superannuation by Mr. M. W. Mirza from 16th July 1944 to 31st
March 1945. The Veterinary Laboratory continued to work efficiently and
provided vaccines whenever and wherever required.
3. Mr. H. S. Bawa, M.R.C.V.S., held the post of Veterinary Investigation
Officer, Sind, throughout the year under report, except for a period from
15th to 27th October 1944 when he was on earned leave and no acting
arrangement was made for this short period. From 8th December 1944,
on his appointment as Director of Veterinary Services, Sind, Mr. H. S. Bawa
held the charge of the post of Veterinary Investigation Officer, Sind, in
addition to his own duties. Mr. Bawa was on tour for 85 days, travelled
6,706 miles by rail, 602 miles by road and visited 49 villages and 8 Govern-
ment Agricultural Farms in connection with investigation of various diseases
of live-stock. He also arranged the Propaganda Stall of Civil Veterinary
Department, at the War Services Exhibition and made it run under his
personal supervision. The problems of the various diseases tackled and
investigated by are stipulated in detail in his annual report submitted to the
Imperial Council of Agricultural Research and brief summary is given elsewhere
in this report.
I.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION,
4. There were five scholars studying at the Bombay Veterinary College
at the beginning of the year. Of these, one failed and left the college and
two new scholars were sent to the college during the year under report and
altogether there were 6 Sindhi scholars studying at the Bombay Veterinary
4
College at the end of the year. One Sindhi scholar was also sent at the
Punjab Veterinary College, Lahore, but left the studies in the middle. There
was thus no scholar studying at the Punjab Veterinary College at the end of
the year under report.
II.—TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
(i) EXAMINATION OF SPECIMENS.
5. Diagnosis of diseases.—The
main activities of the Veterinary
Laboratory depends upon this item of work. During the year under report,
1,504 interesting specimens of blood smears, serum, pus, nasal washings,
scrapings, helminths, etc., were examined and specific infection was detected
in 890 specimens. Last year the number of specimens examined was 1,118
with 547 as positive.
6. Table I.—Outbreaks of contagious, infectious and parasitic diseases
were reported from all over the districts and the total mortality reported
during the year under report was 4,271 against 4,188 in the preceding year.
(ii)
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IN EQUINES.
7. Surra.—This disease was reported from all over the districts through-
out the province. There were 477 attacks and 97 deaths. The remaining
animals received treatment with Antrypol and reported to have recovered.
Last year there were 184 attacks and 82 deaths.
8. Other contagious diseases.—There were 202 attacks and 11 deaths
from Strangles, 8 attacks and 8 deaths from Rabies and 42 attacks and
5 deaths from Piroplasmosis during the year under report as compared with
122 attacks and 4 deaths from Strangles, 7 attacks and 6 deaths from Rabies
and 22 attacks and 1 death from Piroplasmosis in the preceding year.
(iii)
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IN BOVINES.
(a) Cattle.
9. Rinderpest.—There
were in all 1,870 attacks and 429 deaths reported
from Karachi and Hyderabad districts only. No outbreak of the diseases
occurred last year.
10. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—In all 255 attacks and 211 deaths were
reported from all the districts of Sind, as against 245 seizures and 222 deaths
reported during the preceding year.
11. Foot-and-Mouth Disease.—This
disease was prevalent in all the
districts of Sind with 8,274 attacks and 55 deaths as against 3,394 attacks
and 33 deaths reported during last year.
12. Black Quarter.—Five outbreaks of this disease were reported in
which all the 18 cattle attacked succumbed to the disease as against one out-
break 4 attacks and 4 deaths recorded last year.
5
13. Anthrax.—This fatal disease was responsible for causing 6 deaths in
Hyderabad, Larkana and Sukkur districts as against 5 deaths during the year
preceding.
14. Rabies.—There were only 2 attacks and 2 deaths from Rabies as
against 4 attacks and 4 deaths during last year.
15. Surra.—One outbreak with 6 attacks and one death was reported
from Larkana district. No incidence of this disease was recorded during the
previous year.
16. Other contagious diseases.—Three
attacks without mortality were
reported from Piroplasmosis, 37 attacks and no deaths from Ring worm.
Liver fluke disease was reported from all the districts and was responsible for
a mortality of 113 cattle out of 3,513 attacked as against 177 deaths and 7,232
attacks reported during the preceding year.
(b) Buffaloes.
17. Rinderpest.—This disease was prevalent in the Karachi, Hyderabad
and Larkana districts only. There were 169 seizures and 114 deaths reported
during the year under report. The disease was not reported during the
preceding year.
18. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—In
all 568 attacks and 528 deaths
occurred in all the districts of Sind from this disease as against 565 seizures
and 540 deaths during last year.
19. Foot-and-Mouth diseases.—There were 1,200 attacks with 4 deaths
as against 671 seizures and 8 deaths from all over the districts of Sind preceding
year.
20. Black Quarter.—Only 2 outbreaks were reported in Nawabshah and
Sukkur districts in which all the 13 animals affected succumbed to the disease
as against one outbreak with 4 attacks and 4 deaths last year.
21. Anthrax.—There
were 30 attacks with 30 deaths during the year
under report as against 13 attacks and 12 deaths during the preceding year.
22. Surra.—One outbreak was reported in Sukkur district in which
three buffaloes attacked of the disease died. There was no incidence of this
disease recorded last year.
23. Other contagious diseases.—There
were 2 attacks and no deaths
from Contagious Pleuro-pneumonia, 2 attacks and 1 death from Parasitic
Gastritis, one attack and one death from Rabies and 4 attacks without any
mortality from Variola. None of these diseases occurred last year. Liver
Fluke Diseases was responsible for 4,738 attacks and 157 deaths, as against
10,032 attacks and 349 deaths in the preceding year.
6
(iv) CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AMONG OTHER ANIMALS.
(a) Sheep.
24. Anthrax.—2 outbreaks of this disease were reported from
Nawabshah and Thar Parkar districts in which all the 13 sheep affected died.
No outbreak of the disease occurred last year.
25. Foot-and-Mouth diseases.—In all 78 sheep were attacked and only
2 died in 2 outbreaks of the disease in Karachi and Thar Parkar districts as
against nil last year.
26. Other contagious, infectious and parasitic diseases.—6,810 attacks
with 362 deaths were reported from Liver Fluke disease, parasitic gastritis
alone being responsible for the mortality of 13 sheep out of 117 attacked
during the year under report, as against 15,880 attacks and 660 deaths in
the former and 92 seizures and 15 deaths in the latter as recorded during the
preceding year.
(b) Goats.
27. Anthrax.—This fatal disease was responsible for causing mortality
of 126 goats out of 126 attacked, as against 77 attacks and 75 deaths last year.
28. Goat-pox.—There were 470 seizures with 27 deaths from this
disease as against nil last year.
29. Pleuro-pneumonia.—1,010 goats were affected of which 700 died as
against 986 attacks and 623 deaths recorded last year.
30. Foot-and-Mouth diseases.—Altogether, 4,994 attacks and 160 deaths
were reported from this disease, as against 817 seizures and 23 deaths previous
year.
31. 19,132 attacks with 714 deaths were reported from Liver Fluke
Disease, Parasitic Gastritis, Verminous Bronchitis, Variola Contagious
Mammitis, Contagious Arthritis, Rinderpest, Wah and Mange from the whole
Province as against 21,237 seizures and 1,029 deaths recorded last year.
(c) Dogs.
32. Rabies.—30 deaths were reported from Karachi, Hyderabad, Thar
Parkar and Sukkur districts, as against 43 reported last year.
33. Other contagious, infectious and parasitic diseases.—203 dogs were
affected with Surra, Piroplasmosis (B. Canis and B. Gibsoni) with 19 deaths
as against 204 and 30, respectively, last year.
(d) Camels.
34. Surra.—213 camels were reported to have been attacked by Surra.
Of these, 32 died. The figures for the preceding year being 60 attacks and
11 deaths.
35. Mange.—224 camels were attacked and only 4 died during the year
under report as against 323 attacks and 10 deaths last year.
7
36. Other contagious, infectious and parasitic diseases.—One outbreak
of Hæmorrhagic Septicaemia with 4 attacks and 4 deaths was reported from
Hyderabad district and one outbreak of Anthrax with one attack resulting in
death were reported from Sukkur district during the year under report as
against nil in the case of former disease and two attacks and two deaths in
the latter during the year preceding.
(e) Poultry.
37. Fowl-pox, Doyles disease, Spirochætosis and Fowl-cholera were
reported from Karachi, Hyderabad, Thar Parkar and Dadu districts. The
total mortality being 257 out of 294 birds affected in all.
(v) PREVENTIVE INOCULATIONS.
38. The Veterinary Laboratory continued to manufacture Goat Tissue
Virus vaccine and supplied the same to the District Veterinary Staff in carrying
out the vaccinations against Rinderpest in actual outbreaks of the disease
which were many during the year under report, as well as to immunize animals
against rinderpest in absence of actual outbreaks.
39. Table No. II.—Rinderpest.—19,331 head of cattle and buffaloes
were protected with Goat Tissue Virus in 132 outbreaks of Rinderpest.
90 deaths occurred among vaccinated ones. There was no incidence of the
disease recorded in the Province during the last year. In addition 466 goats
were also protected against Rinderpest without any mortality reported among
the vaccinated ones.
40. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia Vaccine and
serum method was used in inoculation of 1,358 head of cattle and buffaloes
in 22 outbreaks and serum alone method was employed in 52 outbreaks in
which 2,552 cattle and buffaloes were protected against the disease with
465 deaths among uninoculated and 2 deaths among inoculated ones. Last
year only in one outbreak the vaccine and serum method was used in which
185 cattle and buffaloes were inoculated and serum alone method employed
in 50 outbreaks in which 2,966 animals with 400 deaths among uninoculated
and 7 deaths among inoculated ones.
41. Anthrax.—In 13 outbreaks of the disease, 371 bovines, 145 goats
were inoculated against Anthrax by serum alone method. The mortality
reported among inoculated ones being 1 in the former and nil in the latter.
Last year there were 4 outbreaks in which only bovines numbering 489 were
inoculated without any mortality among the inoculated ones.
42. Contagious Pleuro-pneumonia.—There were 41 outbreaks in which
11,496 goats were vaccinated with the locally prepared formalised lung tissue
vaccine. 537 animals died among unvaccinated ones and 47 from the
protected ones. During the preceding year 7,303 goats were vaccinated in
30 outbreaks and the numbers of goat which died unvaccinated and vaccinated
being 396 and 52 respectively.
8
43. Fowl-pox.—185 birds were vaccinated with the fowl-pox vaccine
without any mortality from the vaccinated ones.
44. Fowl-cholera.—In 3 outbreaks of the disease 124 fowls were pro-
tected with the fowl-cholera serum, the reported mortality among the inoculated
birds being 9 only.
45. Spirochætosis.—280 birds were protected with Soamin against this
disease with 1 death among the vaccinated ones.
46. Rabies.—Altogether, in 17 outbreaks, 2 bovines, one equine and
42 dogs were inoculated as prophylactic measure with Anti-Rabic Vaccines.
1 bovine, 4 equities and 26 dogs succumbed to the disease before inoculation.
(vi)
OTHER DISEASES.
47. Table No. IV.—36.206 cases for contagious and parasitic diseases
and 9,508 for non-contagious diseases were treated and 5,429 castrations were
performed by Veterinary Assistant Surgeons and Veterinary Field Compounders
during the course of their tours in 3,082 villages. In the preceding year the
cases for contagious parasitic diseases were 56.294 for non-contagious disease
9.259, castrations 4,522 and the villages visited 3,567.
48. A brief summary of work done by the Veterinary Investigation
Officer. Sind, is given below : —
49. Contagious Pleuro-pneuhionia in goats. —Further trials of vaccination
with formalised diseased lung emulsion were carried out in 26 outbreaks. By
the help of district staff as many as 9,443 goats were vaccinated and the
average mortality among the vaccinated goats was .4 per cent.
50. Conditions resembling Encephalomylitis in goats and other animals
The disease was again reported from Sewage Farm, Karachi. Histopatho-
iogical examination by Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar of
the morbid material showed pathological changes associated with encephalo-
mylitis. Disease was successfully transmitted into one rabbit by subdural
inoculation with brain emulsion. Rabbit, died after 30 days. Second passage
was successful into a rabbit by subdural inoculation and into a guinca pig
intrnssally.
51. Anthrax in sheep and goats.—Anthrax spore vaccine from Izatnagar
was tried in 25 sheep and 8 goats to see if this mode of vaccination is safe
in these class of animals. One goat died due to vaccination. All other
animals showed local and general reaction between 3rd and 7th day. This
mode of vaccination now will be applied on a large scale in enzootic areas.
52. Bovine Tuberculosis.—193 head of cattle were put to tuberculin test
by the double intradermal method. Reactors to double intradermal method
were again tested by subcutaneous method. Two animals proved positive for
Tuberculosis.