NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
46
APPENDICES.
STATEMENT No. V—Showing particulars of Vaccination verified
No.
(1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Districts.
(2)
Rangoon
...
...
Akyab... ... ...
Hill District of Arakan...
Kyaukpyu...
...
Sandoway... ...
Pegu ... ... ...
Tharrawaddy... ...
Hanthawaddy...
...
Insein ... ... ...
Prome... ...
Bassein... ...
Henzada... ...
Myaungmya... ...
Ma-ubin... ...
Pyapôn... ...
Salween... ...
Thatôn... ...
Amherst... ...
Tavoy ... ... ...
Mergui...
...
Toungoo... ...
Thayetmyo... ...
Minbu... ...
Magwe... ...
Pakôkku... ...
Chin Hills... ...
Pakôkku Hill Tracts ...
Mandalay... ...
Kyaukse... ...
Meiktila...
...
Myingyan... ...
Yamèthin... ...
Bhamo... ...
Myitkyina... ...
Shwebo...
...
Sagaing... ...
Katha ... ... ...
Upper Chindwin ... ...
Lower Chindwin... ...
Northern Shan States...
Southern Shan States...
TOTAL 1925-26...
TOTAL FOR 1924-25...
TOTAL FOR 1923-24...
Total number of
persons vaccinated.
Primary.
(3)
9,777
17,102
829
12,347
5,566
13,920
19,964
16,677
13,528
19,379
20,179
29,345
24,163
21,269
15,986
4,390
20,103
18,076
682
8,429
13,248
9,058
10,018
12,414
13,405
4,477
563
16,600
5,415
7,217
12,434
14,003
5,706
2,764
15,289
16,402
11,585
10,590
13,480
29,756
38,916
560,051
536,267
548,054
Re-
vaccina-
tions.
(4)
32,210
2,747
574
4,686
1,931
9,241
8,253
6,103
6,725
2,776
8,453
1,289
5,358
8,066
4,642
1,207
17,589
23,460
2,031
2,975
8,188
4,050
1,015
4,276
11,417
375
119
12,687
7,248
4,278
10,388
12,910
1,151
602
10,911
17,858
8,104
13,795
5,356
1,648
2,148
288,840
279,513
209,824
Total number inspected.
By Assistant Director
of Public Health or
Civil Surgeons,
Primary.
(5)
378
20
56
265
2,164
6,946
811
885
262
2,612
256
1,125
441
836
2,718
639
3,586
1,704
2,233
1,230
...
1,139
899
222
1,640
3,064
...
1,699
2,138
5,910
1,616
1,917
710
573
149
998
385
4,116
1,275
2,786
166
60,569
43,678
51,594
Re-
vaccina-
tions.
(6)
639
...
101
203
580
325
293
415
111
...
84
1
89
384
157
289
1,088
1,277
96
1,137
...
...
16
80
747
207
...
453
408
967
1,259
1,653
345
199
...
594
256
3,369
1,314
390
...
19,526
14,998
13,688
By Inspectors of
Vaccination or other
Inspecting Officers.
Primary.
(7)
8,812
11,441
133
4,264
3,071
12,691
14,705
9,879
8,173
6,354
9,425
13,714
12,634
17,767
14,636
12
7,747
7,082
4,102
4,441
7,466
5,758
924
4,852
4,756
...
...
9,407
5,041
6,038
5,247
5,557
1,375
169
3,341
11,145
6,524
4,768
7,641
463
26,475
288,030
285,962
286,169
Re-
vaccina-
tions.
(8)
23,315
2,546
121
1,722
889
8,279
4,119
2,395
3,008
310
3,922
128
2,608
5,567
2,609
3
5,161
7,740
1,248
1,386
4,755
2,475
14
1,933
4,437
...
...
2,944
5,593
2,881
3,896
4,853
501
2
2,476
6,589
4,878
6,528
3,020
166
1,007
136,024
145,781
90,702
48
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX A.Statement showing the ratio per 10,000 successfully vaccinated
and the mortality from Small-pox by quinquennial periods.
Official Year.
(1)
1910-11...
1911-12...
1912-13...
1913-14...
1914-15...
1915-16...
1916-17...
1917-18...
1918-19...
1919-20...
1920-21...
1921-22...
1922-23...
1923-24...
1924-25...
1925-26...
Ratio per 10,000
successfully
vaccinated.
(2)
293.60
369.58
386.16
367.34
332.06
330.70
365.25
347.10
392.57
524.21
443.70
408.22
431.94
456.24
466.23
477.33
Quinquennial
Mean.
(3)
349.80
392.00
441.23
Calendar Year.
(4)
1910...
1911...
1912...
1913...
1914...
1915...
1916...
1917...
1918...
1919...
1920...
1921...
1922...
1923...
1924...
1925...
Ratio per 10,000
of mortality
from small-pox.
(5)
2.13
6.08
8.08
2.86
.26
.22
72
.57
.76
3.99
290
.92
1.34
2.63
2.31
3.56
Quinquennial
Mean.
(6)
3.93
1.25
2.00
APPENDICES.
49
APPENDIX B.—Statement showing the number of vaccinations performed in
Municipal Towns and Notified Areas (to which Vaccination Act has been
extended) on children under one year of age (Paragraph 8).
Towns.
(1)
Rangoon...
Akyab...
Kyaukpyu...
Sandoway...
Pegu...
Nyaunglèbin...
Tharrawaddy...
Thônzè...
Zigôn...
Letpadan...
Gyobingauk...
Minhla...
Nattalin...
Syriam...
Thôngwa...
Insein...
Prome...
Shwedaung...
Paungdè...
Bassein...
Ngathainggyaung ...
Kyonpyaw...
Henzada...
Myanaung...
Kyangin...
Myaungmya...
Wakema...
Mawlamyainggyun...
Ma-ubin...
Yandoon...
Danubyu...
Pyapôn...
Number
of births
during the
year
1925-26.
(2)
6,617
593
126
121
621
179
109
180
133
144
164
57
104
294
248
258
606
218
286
1,142
143
133
670
205
128
149
277
187
176
225
145
262
Number
of deaths-
among
children
under
one year
during
the year.
(3)
2,227
161
22
13
120
88
21
21
35
44
75
6
18
57
40
54
23
30
44
366
27
30
189
38
33
51
85
57
44
49
30
12
Number of
successful
operations
on children
under one
year during
the year
ending 31st
March 1926.
(4)
7,103
349
101
55
765
269
139
93
94
165
182
54
111
149
209
340
484
75
101
864
42
46
394
156
124
140
136
95
183
210
121
225
Date of extension of
Vaccination Act of 1880
into towns.
(5)
April 1884...
August
1883...
April 1894...
September 1890
March 1893...
29th March 1910...
October 1897... ...
October
1897...
11th May 1914 ...
January
1897...
February 1897 ...
11th May 1914 ...
11th May 1914 ...
29th January 1913...
3rd March 1914
14th March 1912
June 1890...
10th Sept. 1917
August 1890 ...
September 1888
February 1890 ...
26th Dec. 1923
January 1889 ...
July 1889
August 1894
...
June 1894
27th April 1907...
20th July 1925 ...
October 1891 ...
January 1892 ...
9th July 1909...
November 1904...
Date of extension of
Vaccination Law
Amendment Act of
1909.
(6)
1st May 1909.
29th March 1910.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
...
29th March 1910.
9th Sept. 1915.
29th March 1910.
Do.
9th Sept. 1915.
Do.
29th January 1913.
3rd March 1914.
14th March 1912.
29th March 1910.
...
29th March 1910.
Do.
Do.
....
29th March 1910.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
20th July 1925.
29th March 191
Do.
...
29th March 1910.
50
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX. B.—Statement showing the number of vaccinations performed in
Municipal Towns and Notified Areas (to which Vaccination Act has been
extended) on children under one year of age (Paragraph 8)—concld.
Towns.
(1)
Kyaiklat ...
Thatôn ...
Kyaikto ...
Moulmein ...
Kawkareik ...
Tavoy ...
Mergui ...
Toungoo ...
Shwegyin ...
Pyu ...
Thayetmyo ...
Allanmyo ...
Minbu ...
Salin ...
Magwe ...
Taungdwingyi ...
Yenangyaung ...
Pakôkku ...
Mandalay ...
Maymyo ...
Kyauksè ...
Meiktila ...
Myingyan ...
Nyaung-u ...
Yamèthin ...
Pyinmana ...
Pyawbwè ...
Bhamo ...
Shwebo ...
Sagaing ...
Mônywa ...
Total ...
Number
of births
during the
year
1925-26.
(2)
179
438
239
1,606
270
942
605
485
180
158
178
284
189
220
238
222
372
576
7,384
600
226
313
618
170
239
389
159
171
349
398
298
33,595
Number
of deaths
among
children
under
one year
during
the year.
(3)
53
90
38
320
124
181
131
59
36
36
75
45
46
72
94
72
108
294
2,101
133
81
125
150
148
77
160
74
30
134
115
83
9,395
Number of
successful
operations
on children
under one
year during
the year
ending 31st
March 1926.
(4)
118
338
131
1,882
113
824
561
283
121
86
259
316
159
114
100
110
228
278
6,034
323
222
242
341
88
246
367
160
101
172
321
200
28,412
Date of extension of
Vaccination Act of 1880
into towns.
(5)
15th Dec. 1904 ...
October 1891 ...
March 1897
...
August 1885
...
September 1914
December 1889
October 1891 ...
May 1889 ...
January 1890 ...
January 1920 ...
May 1889 ...
May 1901 ...
March 1896
...
March 1896
...
10th March 1913
February 1893 ...
10th March 1913
April 1892 ...
August 1891
...
October 1912 ...
May 1894 ...
June 1906 ...
September 1891
30th August 1921
February 1892 ...
November 1891...
May 1912 ...
26th October 1894
June 1894 ...
April 1894 ...
March 1893
...
Date of extension of
Vaccination Law
Amendment Act of
1909.
(6)
29th March 1910.
Do.
Do.
Do.
17th Sept. 1914.
29th March 1910.
Do.
Do.
Do.
17th January 1920.
29th March 1910.
Do.
Do.
Do.
10th March 1913.
29th March 1910.
10th March 1913.
29th March 1910.
Do.
22nd October 1912.
29th March 1910.
31st July 1922.
29th March 1910.
30th August 1921.
29th March 1910.
Do.
...
29th March 1910.
Do.
Do.
Do.
G.B.C.P.O.-No. 47, D.P.H., 5-10-1926-500.
NOTES AND STATISTICS
ON
VACCINATION IN BURMA
For the year 1926-27
Rangoon
Superintendent, Government Printing and Stationery, Burma
1927
Price,—Rs. 1-8-0 = 2s. 3d.]
NOTES AND STATISTICS
ON
VACCINATION IN BURMA
For the year 1926-27
Rangoon
Superintendent, Government Printing and Stationery, Burma
1927
LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
IN BURMA.
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS Rangoon.
BISWAS & Co., 30, Lewis Street, Rangoon.
BRITISH BURMA PRESS BRANCH, Rangoon.
BURMA BOOK CLUB, LTD., Post Box No. 1068, Rangoon.
INTERNATIONAL BUDDHIST BOOK DEPÔT. Post Box No. 971, Rangoon.
MODERN PUBLISHING HOUSE, LTD., Rangoon.
NEW LIGHT OF BURMA PRESS, 49, Phayre Street, Rangoon.
RANGOON TIMES PRESS Rangoon.
MAUNG LU GALE, Law Book Depôt, 42, Ayo-o-gale, Mandalay.
BURMA PUBLISHING Co, 71, Upper Main Road, Moulmein.
IN INDIA.
BUTTERWORTH & Co. (India), Ltd., Calcutta.
S. K. LAHIRI & Co., 56, College Street, Calcutta.
W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
THACKER SPINK & Co., Calcutta and Simla.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Co., Bombay.
THACKER & Co., LTD.. Bombay,
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
IN EUROPE.
The publications are obtainable either direct from the Office of the
HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA, 42, Grosvenor Gardens, London,
S.W. 1, or through any bookseller.
[The maximum limit of the body of the Report is 6 pages.]
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
NOTES AND STATISTICS ON VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR
1926-27.
Establishment... ... ... ... ...
General Review ... ... ...... ...
Total number of Persons vaccinated... ... ...
Operations performed... ... ... ...
Primary Operations... ... ... ...
Re-vaccinations ... ... ... ... ...
Results of Vaccination... ... ... ...
Vaccination in Towns... ... ... ...
Results of Vaccination in Towns... ... ...
Infant Vaccination... ... ... ...
Dispensary Vaccination... ... ... ...
Jail Vaccination ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination by other Agencies... ... ...
Steamer Vaccination... ... ... ...
Work of Inspecting Officers... ... ...
Cost of the Department... ... ... ...
Small-pox Inoculation... ... ... ...
Vaccine Depôt, Meiktila... ... ... ...
Training Class ... ... ... ... ...
General Remarks... ... ... ...
PARA.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
PAGE
1
2
ib.
ib.
4
ib.
5
ib.
6
ib.
7
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
8
ib.
ib.
9
ib.
Resolution
ON THE
Notes and Statistics on Vaccination in Burma
FOR THE YEAR 1926-27.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma, Public Health
Department,—No. 418827, dated the 30th August 1927.
READ—
The Notes and Statistics on Vaccination in Burma for the year 1926-27.
RESOLVED THAT—
The Report be published.
By order.
W. H. PAYTON,
Secretary to the Government of Burma,
Education Department.
NOTES AND STATISTICS
ON
VACCINATION IN BURMA
FOR THE YEAR 1926-27.
Establishment.—The following table contrasts the strength of vac-
cination staff employed in the Province during 1926-27 with that of the
two preceding years.
Years.
1924-25...
1925-26...
1926-27...
Disrict Superin-
tendents of
Vaccination.
41
41
41
Part-time
Supervising
Officers.
S.A.S.
27
27
28
P.H.I.
6
8
9
Inspectors
of
Vaccination.
43
44
42
Head
Vaccinator.
1
1
1
Vaccinators.
342
365
377
The number of Sub-Assistant Surgeons receiving allowances for
supervising vaccination work in Municipal towns and otherwise employed
in the Department was increased by one, due to the appointment of a
medical practitioner as Superintendent of Vaccination in Moulmein
Municipality, whereas the cadre of Inspectors of Vaccination was reduced
by two. One of these was an appointment which was kept vacant dur-
ing the year in the Shwebo District, the other was that of a temporary
Inspector in Mergui District remaining over from 1925-26, whose
services were dispensed with on the termination of the special vaccina-
tion campaign launched in that year.
The number of Public Health Inspectors employed on vaccination
inspection duty was increased by one due to the appointment of an
additional Inspector in Prome District.
During the year under report 16 new vaccinators were employed on
the permanent cadre and four appointments were dispensed with leaving
a net increase of 12. Of the 16 new appointments 6 were for whole time
work and ten for part time. These appointments were:—Whole
time— one each in the Hill District of Arakan, Prome and Meiktila
Districts, and Ma-ubin town, two in Insein District and part time—ten in
2
NOTES AND STATISTICS ON VACCINATION IN BURMA.
Hanthawaddy District. The four appointments dispensed with con-
sisted of three in Mergui District and one in Salween District.
In addition to the above, six temporary vaccinators were employed
for varying periods to cope up, with minor outbreaks of small-pox in
Amherst, Myingyan, Yamèthin and Sagaing Districts and Pyinmana
Town.
2. General Review.—It is satisfactory to note that local bodies and the
public in general are to an increasing extent realising the importance of
efficient vaccination. For instance, the District Councils of Mandalay
and Kyauksè have followed the example of other District Councils in
extending the Vaccination Acts to their districts. Thus vaccination is
now compulsory throughout the areas in charge of all District Councils
in Lower Burma and the Acts are being gradually extended to Upper
Burma Districts. Additional Vaccination staffs have in most cases been
entertained as required permanently or temporarily in accordance with
the advice of the Public Health Department, and it is to the credit of the
Municipal Committees of Yandoon and Ma-ubin that they have now
employed separate vaccinators for each town. Similarly the Municipal
Committees of Kyangin and Nattalin have now employed whole-time
vaccinators instead of part-time.
A study of the reports submitted from districts shows that opposition
to vaccination has decreased greatly even in the more remote parts of
the country. Occasionally, one finds a group of people in a village who
avoid or object to vaccination, but this is now rare. Objections seem
mainly to be based on a belief that vaccination at a young age retards
growth and interferes with the parents' work. Occasionally, want of
confidence in young and inexperienced vaccinators and lack of medical
aid for vaccinated children who fall sick are responsible for unwilling-
ness to submit to vaccination. Though Vaccination Acts involving
compulsion are in force, this is rarely necessary as the policy adopted by
this Department is to overcome the objections of the people by
educational propaganda and personal persuasion.
Statement I.
3. Tolal number of Persons vaccinated.—The total number of persons
vaccinated by the special staff during the year was 718,463. In addition
to this 5,150 persons were vaccinated by Dispensary Staffs and 616 by
other agencies as compared with 840,828, 7,333 and 730 respectively
in 1925-26.
Statement I.
4. Operations performed.—The total number of operations performed
was 720,551 (primary 511,750 and revaccination 208,801) as compared
with 842,729 (primary 557,442 and revaccination 285,287) in the previous
year. It is thus seen that there has been a decline in the output of
work during the year under report, and it should be noted that this was
chiefly due to a falling off in the number of operations performed under
FOR THE YEAR 1926-27.
3
revaccination. The reason is not far to seek. A much reduced
incidence of small-pox in nearly all districts in 1926 has. resulted in fewer
revaccinations. A comparison of the number of operations performed
in each district with the incidence of small-pox supports this inference.
District.
Pegu... ... ... ...
Pakôkku... ... ... ...
Mandalay... ... ...
Sagaing... ... ... ...
Katha... ... ... ...
Upper Chindwin... ... ... ...
Lower Chindwin... ... ...
Northern Shan States... ... ...
Southern Shan States... ... ... ...
Kyaukpyu... ... ... ...
Rangoon... ... ... ...
Deaths from small-pox.
1925.
306
217
286
318
83
277
145
27
47
33
630
1926.
91
37
166
81
15
25
51
10
...
...
42
Total Operations.
1925-26.
23,161
24,822
29,071
34,366
19,560
23,749
18,872
30,650
40,738
16,878
41,987
1926-27.
19,349
20,780
20,374
26,064
13,494
11,940
13,844
20,727
27,029
9,934
35,716
Difference.
— 3,812
— 4,042
— 8,697
— 8,302
— 6,066
—11,809
— 5,028
— 9,923
—13,709
— 6,944
— 6,271
In 25 out of 41 districts the outbreak of small-pox was less serious
than in the preceding year, and in these districts the number of vacci-
nations declined, analysis of the returns showing this reduction to be
mainly in revaccinations. In further support, the statistics of Prome
and Myitkyina should be studied. In the former district, there were
only four deaths from small-pox in 1925 but in 1926, the number of
deaths was 292, while the number of vaccinations rose from 22,155 in
1925-26 to 30,844 in 1926-27, an increase of 8,689 operations mainly in
revaccinations. Very similar figures were obtained in the case of
Myitkyina. On the other hand, decrease in vaccinations is observed in
Sandoway, Henzada, Ma-ubin, Toungoo, Thayetmyo, Myingyan and
Shwebo in the face of a slight increase in the number of deaths from
small-pox. The reasons assigned for this are varied. In Sandoway,
sickness among the children and grant of leave to permanent Vaccinators
are the reasons stated, whereas the District Health Officers of Henzada
and Ma-ubin attributed the decrease to shortage of lymph supply. The
decrease in Toungoo and Myingyan was confined to Municipal vaccina-
tion work only, while in Shwebo the lack of proper supervision over
vaccinators, due to absence from duty of the Inspector of Vaccination
and Public Health Inspectors are the explanations given. Much credit
is due to the vaccination staff in the districts of Myaungmya, Pyapôn,
Magwe and Meiktila where output showed an improvement -though
small-pox was less prevalent. The increased output in Salween and the
Hill District of Arakan was due to the appointment in each of an
additional Vaccinator.
With regard to the alleged shortage of lymph, there was a curtail-
ment of lymph supply from the Vaccine Depôt, Meiktila, for about
three months due to shortage of capillary tubes coupled with a drop in
4
NOTES AND STATISTICS ON VACCINATION IN BURMA
the yield of lymph from vaccinated calves during the hot season.
During these three months, lymph was issued to the full extent of
demands only to those districts where small-pox existed in epidemic
form.
Statement I.
5. Primary Operations.—In 16 districts, primary vaccinations showed
increases while 25 districts registered decreases. Prome District heads
the former list with an increase of 2,734 operations over the previous
year's figure, followed by Meiktila with 1,583 operations and Myingyan
1,024. Other districts returned an increase of less than 1,000 operations.
As has been stated, prevalence of small-pox was responsible for the
large increase in Prome District, while in Meiktila the increase was
attributed to the engagement of an additional vaccinator. Amongst the
districts which recorded a decrease in primary vaccination, the Southern
Shan States was the worst returning 13,668 operations less than the
previous year's figure, closely followed by the Northern Shan States
(—10,769). Kyaukpyu and Mandalay returned a deficit of over 3,000
operations each, while Ma-ubin, Mergui, Shwebo, Upper Chindwin and
Lower Chindwin reported deficits of over 2,000 operations each. The
decrease in the Southern Shan States, was confined mainly to the
Kengtung Subdivision which has a separate vaccination staff of its own.
In this Subdivision only 4,849 primary vaccinations were performed in
1926-27 as against 15,704 in the previous year. Illness of one vaccinator,
grant of leave to a second and removal from the service of two other
vaccinators contributed to this falling off. Similarly, suspension,
dismissal, leave and casualties amongst vaccinators were the main causes
for the deficit of primary vaccinations in the Northern Shan States. In
Kyaukpyu District, the shortage of lymph supply and absence of small-
pox lessened the output of vaccination, while in Mandalay the decrease
was attributed to irregularities on the part of vaccination staff and
grants of leave to certain vaccinators. Shortage of lymph supply
reduced prevalence of small-pox and lack of proper supervision were
the explanations offered for lessened outputs in the Ma-ubin, Shwebo,
Upper and Lower Chindwin Districts. It is in my opinion permissible
to conclude from the above that better supervision of the vaccination
staff is required. When full-time District Health Officers are appointed,
it will be possible to devote more time to such supervision.
Statement I.
6. Re-vaccination.—The total number of re-vaccinations performed
during the year was 208,801 as against 285,287 in the previous year a
difference of 76,486 operations. Only in 11 out of 41 districts, do
re-vaccinations show an improvement over the previous year's figure.
The largest increase was returned from Prome District where 5,995
operations were performed in excess of last year's output. Fewer
re-vaccinations were recorded in thirty districts as follows:—Thatôn
FOR THE YEAR 1926-27.
5
(—10,233), Upper Chindwin (—9,107), Yamèthin (—8,949), Rangoon
(—6,909), Katha (—5,987), Mandalay (—5,646), Pakôkku (—4,215),
Shwebo (—3,843), Pegu (—3,582), Insein (—3,284), Kyaukpyu (—3,053),
Lower Chindwin (—2,246), and Kyaukse(—2,097). The districts which
recorded a deficit between 2,000 and 1,000 were Bassein, Ma-ubin,
Amherst, Tavoy, Mergui, Thayetmyo and Myingyan.
Statement I.
7. Results of Vaccination.—When the output of primary or revacci-
nation work shows a decrease from the previous year's return, it is to be
expected that the total number of successful operations will also be less.
Thus it is seen that in the year under report the recorded number of
successful primary cases was 472,368 and re-vaccinations 61,531 as
compared with 524,220 primary and 100,524 re-vaccination successes in
the previous year. In 22,924 primary vaccinations, the results were
unknown as compared with 21,461 in the previous year whilst actual
failures amounted to 16,458 as compared with 11,761. The percentage
of successes in primary vaccination in which the results were known was
96.63 and in re-vaccination 35.97, the figures for 1925-26 being primary
97.81 and re-vaccination 42.21. The district which recorded the
highest percentage of successful primary cases was Tharrawaddy (99.97).
Next come Prome and Pyapôn with success rate of 99'46 per cent
closely followed by Henzada (99.44). The other districts which
returned a success rate of over 99 per cent were Magwe (99.34), Ma-ubin
(99.33), Pegu (99.26), Myaungmya (99.17), and Rangoon (99.01). The
districts in which the lowest success rate was reported were : Pakôkku
(87.78), Mandalay (87.99), Hill District of Arakan (89.52) and Tavoy
(89.84). A low percentage of successful primary cases (92.54) in
Hanthawaddy District suggests bad technique on the part of the vacci-
nators concerned. In one instance at least, it was found that the same
lymph used in Hanthawaddy and Insein Districts which are under the
same District Health Officer gave poor results in the latter. The
poor success rate, 92.80, obtained in Meiktila District also suggests
bad technique, while in some of the more remote districts of Upper
Burma the explanation may be deterioration of the lymph from climatic
conditions.
8. Vaccination in Towns.—In the 67 towns and notified areas in which
the Vaccination Acts are in force a total of 97,296 operations was
reported during the year of which 46,415 were primary and 50,881
revaccinations. This contrasts with 46,565 primary and 66,190 revacci-
nations or a total of 112,775 cases in the previous year. Here also
vaccination work shows a falling off. Various reasons were put forward
in explanation, but in most cases absence or reduced prevalence of
small-pox seems to be the cause. Omitting Thamaing, Kamayut,
Thingangyun and Kanbe, which were constituted towns quite recently,
the output of primary vaccination in 25 towns shows an increase, and in