NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
ii
CONTENTS.
STATISTICAL STATEMENTS.—(Concld.)
Statement No.
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IV.—Showing the previous occupations of patients ad-
mitted during the year 1899 ... ...
V.—Showing the ages of patients admitted during the
year 1899 ... ... ... ...
VI.—Showing the types of insanity of the Lunatics under
treatment during the year 1899 ... ...
VII.—Showing the alleged causes of insanity among the
Lunatics under treatment during the year 1899 ...
VIII.—Showing the diseases which prevailed among the
inmates during the year 1899 ... ...
IX.—Showing the Cash Account of the Asylums for the
year 1899 ... ... ... ...
X.—Showing the sanctioned establishments of the
Asylums as they stood on 31st December 1899 ...
XI.—Showing the receipts and expenditure on account of
manufactures for the year 1899 ... ...
XII.—Showing the Abstract of Cash Account of the
Asylums for the year 1899 and ten previous years ...
PAGES.
42
43
44
45 & 46
47—49
50
51
52
53
No. 3752.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Officiating Chief Commissioner. Central
Provinces, in the General Department, dated Pachmarhi, the 27th April 1900.
READ—
The Annual Report and Statements of the Lunatic Asylums in the Central Provinces
for the year 1899.
RESOLUTION.
The total population of the two Asylums in the year 1899 was 395, of whom
208 were detained at Nagpur and 187 at Jubbulpore. The daily average popula-
tion was higher than in 1898, both at Nagpur and Jubbulpore.
2. For a short time during the year the maximum number of inmates fixed
for the Jubbulpore Asylum was exceeded by four on the male side, while the female
side was full. The Superintendent reports that there were 17 inmates who should
not have been sent to the Asylum at all, as they were subjects who were more fit:
for the poor-house. With reference to Book Circular No. XXXI of 1877, the
Board of Visitors should ascertain, in consultation with the Deputy Commissioner
whether some of these persons cannot be made over to their friends.
3. The percentage of cured to daily average strength rose from 8.56 to
9.45. It was much better in Jubbulpore (12.9) than in Nagpur (6.36).
4. The Officiating Chief Commissioner notices with satisfaction the improve-
ment in the health of both Asylums, especially in that at Nagpur, where the
percentage of deaths to daily average strength was 6.36 against 10.46 in the
previous year. In Jubbulpore the death-rate per cent. of daily average strength
fell from 4.58 in 1898 to 1.94 during the year under report. The table in para-
graph 31 of the Report shows that the death-rate for the Province is lower than
that of 1898 in any other part of India, with the exception of the Tezpur Lunatic
Ayslum. There was a very slight increase in the daily average number of sick
in Nagpur, and a slight decrease in Jubbulpore.
5. Of the 69 admissions during the year, 33 are ascribed to physical, and
13 to moral, causes. Thirteen cases were ascribed to ganja-smoking. Twenty -
three admissions were returned as due to unknown causes.
6. The mean cost per head of inmates increased in Nagpur, and decreased
in Jubbulpore. The increase in Nagpur was due to the heavy expenditure on
fodder for the Dairy Farm cattle, which was necessitated by the failure of the rains.
The receipts from the Dairy Farm fell from Rs. 4,095 in 1898 to Rs. 3,387 in the
year under report, while the expenditure rose from Rs. 2,032 to Rs. 4,164 (includ-
ing Rs. 2,459 for the purchase of fodder), showing a cash loss of Rs. 776 against
a profit of Rs. 2,062 at the end of 1898.
7. The management of the Jubbulpore Asylum by Lieutenant-Colonel
McKay (and, in his absence, by Lieutenant-Colonel W. A. Quayle) and of the
Nagpur Asylum by Major Silcock left nothing to be desired. Colonel McKay
and Major Silcock report very favourably on their respective Assistants, Rai Sahib
Mohan Lal and Khan Sahib Abdul Majid Khan.
2
ORDER.—Ordered, that a copy of this Resolution be submitted to the
Government of India in the Home Department, and that a copy be forwarded to
the Administrative Medical Officer, Central Provinces, for information and
guidance ; also that it be published in the Supplement to the Central Provinces
Gazette.
[True Extract.]
H. M. LAURIE,
Second Secretary to the Chief Commissioner,
Central Provinces.
Secretariat Press, Nagpur :—T. P. R., 30-4-1900— 170.
No. 879-25B.
FROM
COL. A. SCOTT-REID, I.M.S.,
ADMINISTRATIVE MEDICAL OFFICER,
Central Provinces,
To
THE CHIEF SECRETARY TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER,
Central Provinces.
(GENERAL DEPARTMENT.)
Dated Nagpur, the 9th February 1900.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to submit, for the information of the Chief Commissioner,
the Annual Report on the Lunatic Asylums in the Central Provinces for the
year 1899, together with the usual statements and appendices.
2. Officers in charge.—Lieutenant-Colonel H. K. McKay, I.M.S., C.I.E., held
charge of the Jubbulpore Asylum from 1st January to 9th March and again from
12th to 31st December. Lieutenant-Colonel W. A. Quayle, M.D., I.M.S., held
charge from 10th March till 11th December, during Lieutenant-Colonel McKay's
absence on furlough. Major A. Silcock, M.D., I.M.S., held charge of the Nagpur
Asylum throughout the year.
3. Buildings, Accommodation, &c., Nagpur Asylum.—In addition to the usual
annual repairs, the doors of the cells in which noisy and refractory male lunatics
are confined were made more secure by having the brick work at the sides
replaced by large stone slabs. Arrangements are being made to provide more
cell accommodation.
4. Jubbulpore Asylum.—No additions or alterations were made during the
year. The usual annual repairs were, however, carried out. Sanction has
recently been accorded by the Chief Commissioner to the transfer to the Asylum
of the building known as the old Thaggi Hospital, together with some vacant
land adjoining it, for the purpose of converting the place into an Asylum for
European and Eurasian insanes, and the project has been included in the list of
major works proposed to be undertaken in the ensuing official year, recently
submitted to the Superintending Engineer. Proposals are also under considera-
tion for constructing a work-shed in the criminal yard and eight observation
cells for dangerous and violent lunatics.
STATEMENT I.
5. Admissions, Nagpur Asylum.—The number of inmates remaining from
1898 was 172 (135 males and 37 females). There were 34 admissions (29
males and 5 females) during the year and 2 males were re-admitted. The
total population was thus 208, or one more than in 1895, when the highest total
of the previous decade was recorded. Of the 34 new admissions, 26 were from
the Central Provinces and 8 from Berar. The 2 re-admissions were from the
Central Provinces.
6. Jubbulpore Asylum.—The number remaining from 1898 was 154 (118
males and 36 females); 27 males and 6 females were admitted, and there were
no re-admissions. The total population was thus 187, or 5 more than in 1898,
when the highest number during the preceding decade was recorded. All the
admissions during the year were from the Central Provinces.
( 3 )
12. The death-rates per cent. of daily average strength in the two Asylums
during the past nine years, are shown below:—
Name of Asylum.
Nagpur Asylum
...
...
Jubbulpore Asylum
...
Years.
1891 ...
1892 ...
1893 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1896 ...
1897 ...
1898 ...
1899 ...
1891 ...
1892 ...
1893 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1896 ...
1897 ...
1898 ...
1899 ...
Death-rates,
per cent.
6.29
2.29
4.77
8.06
7.02
3 94
8.37
10.46
6.36
11.21
5.72
7.31
9.99
7.48
7.13
8.62
4.58
1.94
13. In the following table is shown the percentage of cured, total popu-
lation and daily average strength in the Asylums of the Central Provinces, as
compared with the same data of the Asylums in other Provinces:—
TABLE I.
Provinces.
Bengal ... ...
Punjab ... ...
Rangoon ... ...
Tezpur ... ...
Bombay ... ...
Central Provinces ...
Ditto ...
Year.
1898
1898
1898
1898
1898
1898
1899
Total popula-
tion during
the year.
1,083
558
430
147
1,043
384
395
Daily average
strength.
922.05
416.80
344.03
123.98
786.9
315.34
327.92
Cured during
the year.
71
55
16
14
80
27
31
Percentage
of cured to
total popula-
tion.
6.56
9.86
3.72
9.52
7.67
7.03
7.85
Percentage
of cured to
daily average
strength.
7.70
13.20
4.65
11.29
10.16
8.56
9.45
STATEMENT II.
14. Criminal Lunatics.—The number of criminal lunatics confined in each
Asylum was as follows:—
Nagpur Asylum ...
Jubbulpore Asylum ...
Remaining on 31st
December 1898.
56
38
Admitted.
8
7
Re-admitted.
...
...
Total.
64
45
Nagpur Asylum.—Of the 8 admissions, 7 were from the Central Provinces
and 1 from Berar. Of the 4 shown under column " Discharged, transferred,
&c.," 2 were made over to their friends under the Chief Commissioner's orders
and 2 were sent to stand their trial; 4 died during the year, and thus 56 re-
mained in the Asylum at the close of the year.
Jubbulpore Asylum.—All the admissions were from the Central Provinces.
Of the 5 shown as " Discharged, transferred, &c.," 3 were cured and sent to stand
their trial and 2 were transferred to the non-criminal list on the expiry
of their sentences. One died during the year from the effects of an injury inflict-
ed on him by another patient. The number remaining at the close of the year
was thus 39.
15. The daily average number of criminal lunatics confined was higher last
year, both at Nagpur and Jubbulpore, than in the preceding year, and the average
number detained in the Nagpur Asylum still continues much higher than that of
( 4 )
the Jubbulpore Asylum. The figures for the past nine years are compared
below:—
Name of Asylum.
Nagpur Asylum ...
...
Jubbulpore
Asylum
...
Year.
1891 ...
1892 ...
1893 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1896 ...
1897 ...
1898 ...
1899 ...
1891 ...
1892 ...
1893 ...
1894 ...
1895 ...
1896 ...
1897 ...
1898 ...
1899 ...
Daily average number
of criminal lunatics.
46.15
45.29
51.71
58.24
63.23
64.90
57.08
54.09
55.49
31.56
30.27
33.87
33.19
30.85
34.28
35.44
33.72
38.85
16. The Superintendents' reports give the previous history of the 15 cases
of criminal lunatics admitted into the Asylums during the year.
STATEMENT III.
17. Religion and Sex.—Of the total number of admissions into both the
Asylums, 53 were Hindus, 12 Mahomedans, 2 Native Christians and 2 were of
other castes. The percentage of females to males was 19 0.
STATEMENT IV.
18. Occupation, &c., of those admitted.—The largest number belonged to
the labouring classes; next to these come mendicants, cultivators, weavers and
domestic servants.
STATEMENT V.
19. Age of those admitted.—As usual, the age of the majority of those
admitted is between 20 and 40 years, and the percentage of admissions at that
age-period was 84. Of the 4 males under 20 years admitted into the Nagpur
Asylum, 3 were homeless, wandering children, aged 8, 10 and 14 years, respec-
tively, suffering from epileptic mania.
STATEMENT VI.
20. Types of Insanity.—The total population of both Asylums at the end
of the year, classified according to the types of insanity, was as follows :—
Idiocy
...
... ... ...
Mania, acute or chronic—
Epileptic ... ... ... ...
Other forms ... ... ... ...
Melancholia, acute or chronic—
Epileptic ... ... ... ...
Other forms ... ... ... ...
Dementia, including acquired—
Epileptic ... ... ... ...
Other forms ... ... ... ...
Delusional insanity ... ... ... ...
Declared to have recovered or not yet diagnosed ...
Total ...
24
23
179
1
25
1
84
3
...
340
( 5 )
As usual, the large majority under treatment were suffering from mania
and dementia.
STATEMENT VII.
21. Alleged causes of Insanity.—Of the 69 admissions during the year, 33
are ascribed to physical and 13 to moral causes, while 23 are recorded under
the head " Unknown."
The physical causes were—
Charas-smoking ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ganja-smoking ... ... ... ... ... ...
Bhang-drinking ... ... ... ... ... ...
Spirit-drinking ... ... ... ... ... ...
Fever ... ... ... ... ... ...
Epilepsy ... ... ... ... ... ...
Hereditary ... ... ... ... ... ...
Privation ... ... ... ... ... ...
Puerperal fever ... ... ... ... ... ...
Total ...
The moral causes are ascribed to—
Religion ... ... ... ... ... ...
Loss of property ... ... ... ... ... ...
Grief
...
...
...
...
...
...
Fear
...
...
...
...
...
...
Domestic trouble ... ... ... ... ... ...
Total ...
1
13
1
3
2
5
5
2
1
33
4
2
5
1
1
13
22. Of the 23 cases returned under the head "Unknown," 14 were admitted
into the Nagpur and 9 into the Jubbulpore Asylum. In regard to the former,
the Superintendent states that 7 were harmless and friendless wanderers, whose
habits and previous history could not be ascertained, and that the informa-
tion furnished in respect to the cause of insanity in many of the others was
generally of little or no value. Major Silcock further states that, in many cases,
the symptoms of the mental disease were given as the cause of it, and that in
others it was attributed to any accidental circumstances which could possibly be
brought into relation with these symptoms.
With regard to the 9 cases admitted into the Jubbulpore Asylum, Lieute-
nant-Colonel McKay states that enquiries are still being made ; that the replies
received are not always very satisfactory, but that this possibly cannot be helped.
He remarks that one appears to get more out of the patients during a lucid
interval than from their friends.
23. The alleged causes of insanity among lunatics of all classes remain-
ing in the Asylums at the close of the year are as given below:—
Physical causes
...
...
...
...
Ganja-smoking ...
...
...
...
Opium-eating ... ... ... ...
Spirit-drinking ... ... ... ... ...
Fever
...
...
...
...
Epilepsy and sunstroke ... ... ...
Hereditary, congenital and secret vice ... ...
Other physical causes ... ... ...
Moral causes ... ... ... ...
Unknown ... ... ... ...
Total ...
34
4
5
12
21
22
5
103
61
176
340
( 6 )
STATEMENT VIII.
24. Sickness.—The total admissions into hospital in the Nagpur Asylum
were 69 (52 males and 17 females), as compared with 205 in 1898. At Jubbulpore,
93 (62 males and 31 females) were admitted, against 100 in the previous year.
The difference at Nagpur is due mainly to the outbreak of influenza which occurred
in October 1898, and which in that year swelled the number of admissions from this
cause alone by 129. There was only one admission under this head during the year
1899. There was one case of cholera in the Nagpur Asylum, which terminated
fatally. No case of small-pox in either institution was reported. The chief causes
of sickness were dysentery, ague, debility, rheumatism, conjunctivitis, diarrhœa,
abscess and ulcer. Debility and abscesses were more common in the Nagpur
Asylum, and dysentery and diarrhœa in the Jubbulpore Asylum, than in the pre-
vious year.
25. In the following table are shown the number of patients admitted
into hospital and the causes of admission:—
TABLE II.
Diseases.
Influenza
...
...
...
Fevers
...
...
...
Dysentery
...
...
...
Diarrhœa
...
...
...
Debility
...
...
...
Rheumatism
...
...
...
Anæmia
...
...
...
Bronchitis ... ... ...
Pneumonia
...
...
...
Abscess, Ulcer and Boil
...
Epilepsy
...
...
...
All other causes
...
...
...
Total
...
Districts.
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
ADMISSION INTO HOSPITAL.
1898.
129
...
28
36
8
1
3
2
15
6
...
3
...
3
1
7
...
...
2
14
3
1
16
27
205
100
1899.
1
...
11
16
6
4
3
6
18
4
...
...
2
1
...
3
1
...
8
17
1
1
18
41
69
93
Difference.
—128
...
—17
—20
—2
+ 3
...
+ 4
+ 3
—2
...
—3
+ 2
—2
—1
—4
+1
...
+6
+3
—2
...
+2
+14
—136
—7
The daily average number of sick at Nagpur was 8.00 against 6.73 in 1898;
and at Jubbulpore 4.07 against 5.48. The increase in the former Asylum is due
to the fact that several of the infirm and epileptic inmates were kept in hospital
( 8 )
28. Escapes.—No escapes occurred from the Nagpur Asylum. There
was one escape from the Jubbulpore Asylum in the person of a non-criminal
female lunatic who was admitted in October 1899, suffering from melancholia,
due, it is supposed, to the loss of her brother. A few days after her admission,
she became quite rational, and in December it was intended to place her before the
next meeting of the Official Visitors, recommending her discharge; but one day,
her keeper, who took her to the latrine, sat outside awaiting her return, and on
her not putting in an appearance, she went in and found that her charge had
gone out at the other door and had effected her escape by climbing over the
railings which enclose the Asylum grounds. The female keepers have been
punished for their negligence and for acting contrary to strict orders in this case.
It was anticipated that the woman would endeavour to escape, and strict orders
had been given to prevent it.
29. Mortality.—The ratios of deaths to daily average strength, and of
deaths to admissions, for the past three years, are compared in the following
table:—
TABLE III.
Asylum.
Nagpur ... ... ...
Jubbulpore ... ... ...
RATIO OF DEATHS
TO AVERAGE STRENGTH.
1897.
8.37
8.62
1898.
10.46
4.58
1899.
6.36
1.94
RATIO OF DEATHS
TO ADMISSIONS.
1897.
46.66
40.63
1898.
44.74
20.00
1899.
30.55
9.09
REMARKS.
30. The various causes of death in the Asylums are set forth in the
following table:—
TABLE IV.
Diseases.
Cholera ... ... ... ... ...
Choleraic-diarrhœa
...
...
...
...
...
Dysentery ... ... ... ... ...
Debility ... ... ... ... ...
Pneumonia ... ... ... ... ...
Albuminuria
...
...
...
...
...
Epilepsy ... ... ... ... ...
Phthisis
...
...
...
...
...
Paralysis ... ... ... ... ...
Influenza
...
...
...
...
...
Empyema
...
...
...
...
...
Tubercle (serofula) ... ... ... ... ...
Other diseases ... ... ... ... ...
Total ...
NAGPUR.
1898.
...
...
5
4
...
...
2
1
1
1
1
...
2
17
1899.
1
1
1
6
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
11
JUBBULPORE.
1898.
...
...
...
4
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
1
1
7
1899.
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
3
( 9 )
It will be observed that debility was the principal cause of mortality in the
Nagpur Asylum, 6 of the 11 deaths being due to this cause alone. No remark is
called for as regards the Jubbulpore Asylum, where three deaths only occurred
during the year, against seven in the previous year.
31. The percentage of deaths to strength and the percentage to total deaths
from the chief causes of mortality in the Asylums of these Provinces are com-
pared with the percentages in the Asylums of other Provinces in the following
table :—
TABLE V.
Provinces.
Bengal ... ... ...
Punjab ... ... ...
Rangoon ... ... ...
Tezpur ... ... ...
Bombay ... ... ...
Central Provinces ... ... ...
Ditto ... ... ...
Year.
1898
1898
1898
1898
1898
1898
1899
Percentage of sick to
strength.
11.37
11.73
4.70
3.83
5.24
3.87
3.68
Percentage of deaths to
strength.
7.92
9.60
12.28
4.03
6.99
7.93
4.27
PERCENTAGE TO DEATHS FROM—
Fevers.
8.22
...
...
20.00
3.63
...
...
Dysentery.
13.70
12.50
14.29
40.00
16.36
20.83
7.14
Diarrhœa.
6.85
...
11.90
20.00
12.73
...
...
Phthisis.
17.81
7.50
9.52
...
14.55
8.33
7.14
Chest affections.
6 85
27.50
...
...
...
...
7.14
Anæmia.
5.48
...
14.29
...
20.00
33.33
50.00
Other causes.
41.09
52.50
50.00
20.00
32.73
37.50
28.58
From the above statistics it will be seen that, with the exception of the
Tezpur Asylum, the death-rate for the Province is lower than that of 1898 in
any other part of India.
32. Amusements, Nagpur Asylum.—As many of the inmates belong to
the cultivating and labouring classes, a large number were employed on dairy
farming and gardening, while one or two, who had previously been clerks, were
given light work in the Asylum Office. Books and writing materials were pro-
vided for those who could read and write, and musical instruments for those
who wished to have them. A certain quantity of tobacco was given to all, and
an extra allowance to those who were well-conducted.
Jubbulpore Asylum.—In this institution, also, a great form of amusement is
farming and gardening. A native band has been got up amongst the inmates
with the aid of a few musical instruments, and the Superintendent states that it is
very interesting to watch the faces of the lunatics while the playing and
singing is going on. Pets are also allowed in the shape of birds and cats.
Pachhisi is a favourite game among the uneducated, while books and papers,
English and Vernacular, are supplied by the Deputy Superintendent to those
who can read. Some 40 selected lunatics were taken to the Great Indian Circus,
which performed near the Asylum; they were given free tickets by the Manager.
33. Statements IX, X and XI are financial statements and indicate the
details of the receipts and expenditure in connection with the Asylums. At
Nagpur, Rs.13,871-15-2 were drawn from the Treasury, against Rs.12,124-1-5,
or Rs.1,747-13-9 more than in 1898, the increase being due to the expenditure
in connection with the dairy farm attached to the Asylum. At Jubbulpore
Rs.8,382-10-1 were drawn from the Treasury, as compared with Rs.8,356-9-6 in
( 10 )
the previous year, an increase of Rs.26-0-7, due to the daily average strength
being higher.
34. The amounts received from paying-patients during the past two years
were as follows :—
Nagpur ... ... ... ...
Jubbulpore ... ... ...
Total ...
In 1899.
Rs.
2,509
1,937
4,446
a.
0
11
11
p.
0
3
3
In 1898.
Rs.
3,071
2,694
5,766
a.
9
11
4
p.
1
8
9
In the amount shown against Nagpur for the year 1899 is included an item
of Rs.2,025 adjusted inter-departmentally by the Comptroller, Central Provinces,
on account of the maintenance of 27 Berar lunatics, at Rs.75 per head per
annum. The amount adjusted on the same account in the preceding year
was Rs.2,520 for 28 lunatics at Rs.90 per head.
35. A sum of Rs.3,738-14-6 is shown under the head " Miscellaneous
receipts " in the accounts of the Nagpur Asylum, and is made up of the follow-
ing items :—
Sale of wheat, juari, &c., grown on the Farm ... ...
Sale of dairy produce ... ... ... ...
Miscellaneous ... ... ... ...
Total ...
Rs.
182
3,387
169
3,738
a.
2
11
0
14
p.
10
8
0
6
The sum of Rs.390-2-0 under the same head in the Jubbulpore Asylum
accounts, represents sale-proceeds of manufactured articles. Besides these
amounts, the value of manufactured goods received for Asylum use was
Rs.1,529-0-11 at Nagpur, and Rs.1,214-4-7 at Jubbulpore, as compared with
Rs. 1,498-8-10 and Rs.1,202-0-8, respectively, in the previous year. The sums
entered under column 5 in Statement IX against Nagpur and Jubbulpore, viz.,
Rs. 1,540-5-1 and Rs.311-11-6, respectively, represent expenditure on account of
printed forms and Europe medicines and for works executed in the Asylums
by the Public Works Department.
36. The total expenditure in connection with the Nagpur Asylum was
Rs.22,048-11-0, and at Jubbulpore Rs. 11,924-11-11, as compared with
Rs.21,738-1-8 and Rs.12,694-7-11, respectively, in 1898—an increase of Rs.310-9-4
in the former and a decrease of Rs. 769-12-0 in the latter institution. The
largest increase occurred under the head " Contingencies" and was due to the
necessity which arose last year for purchasing fodder to the value of Rs.2,459 for
the cattle on the Nagpur Dairy Farm. In the previous year, a sum of about
Rs.200 only was spent on fodder; but owing to the very scanty rainfall during
the period under report, almost all the crops on the farm were a failure and
there was little or no grass for the cattle.
37. The net profit from manufactures amounted at the Nagpur Asylum to
Rs.5,800-0-4, as compared with Rs.6,054-0-7 in the previous year; and at the
Jubbulpore Asylum to Rs.1,178-14-7, against Rs.1,055-14-9. The decrease at
Nagpur is due to the amounts of outstanding bills, aggregating Rs.245, not
having been collected before the close of the year.