NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Strength of Department ... ... ...
Establishment ... ... ... ...
Season's work ... ... ... ...
Sex of those vaccinated ... ... ... ...
Age of
do. ... ... ... ...
Map and Statement ... ... ... ...
Work of Native Superintendents ... ... ...
Work of Civil Surgeons ... ... ...
Total cost ... ... ... ...
Dispensary vaccination ... ... ... ...
Small-pox ... ... ... ...
Attitude of the people ... ... ... ...
Vaccination work in municipal towns ... ... ...
Notice of officers who gave aid to the Vaccination Department ...
Para.
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B261
No. 4177 OF 1883.
FROM
S. O. B. RIDSDALE, ESQ, C. S.,
Commissioner,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
To
THE SECRETARY FOR BERAR TO THE RESIDENT,
Hyderabad.
DATED AMRAOTI, the 15th August 1883.
SIR,
I HAVE the honor to forward herewith the Annual Report on Vaccination
for the year 1882-83, which reached me on the 4th instant at Hyderabad.
2. The results of the year's operations are thus summarized by
Doctor Little in comparison with the figures of the preceding year. There has
been an increase of 13,589 in the total number of persons vaccinated, of 2 per
cent. in the proportion of successful cases, and of 251 in the average number
of operations performed by each vaccinator, while the cost per successful
case was less by 7 pies than in 1881-82.
These results are very satisfactory and are praiseworthy indications of
the zeal and energy with which the operations of the department have been
conducted.
3. The increase in vaccination has been general throughout all the
districts of the province except in Akola, where there has been a very slight
falling off. The increase is most conspicuous in Buldana, where the number
of operations this year was 53 per cent. greater than in the year preceding,
and next in Amraoti, where the increase is 17 per cent. These two districts
were those which appear from para. 12 of the Report to have suffered most
from the small-pox epidemic which prevailed during the latter part of the
year, and the people were consequently driven by fear of the epidemic to
bring their children to the vaccinator.
4. It is not so satisfactory to observe that the proportion of cases
inspected and verified by the Superintendents was somewhat less this year
than last, 51 per cent. having been inspected this year, against 59 per cent.
last year. The deficiency occurred in the districts of Amraoti and Akola;
in the former owing to the Native Superintendent's illness, in the latter from
his want of energy, for which he has been duly taken to task by
Doctor Little.
5. Considering the small degree of prejudice against vaccination which
has to be encountered among the general population of Berar, it is not
unreasonable to hope that in a few years a very considerable proportion of
the population may be protected from small-pox. That the number of suc-
cessful operations should have more than trebled in the last ten years is an
encouraging proof of the advancing popularity of the treatment.
6. Vaccination appears, however, still to be very backward in dispensary
towns, and it is in these that the mortality from small-pox has been particularly
severe. It is perhaps to be expected that in the case of a disease so highly
infectious as small-pox, the rate of mortality would rise in proportion to the
density of population; but on the other hand these larger towns have greater
resources of organization and supervision for carrying out systematic vaccin-
B261
( 2 )
ation. It would certainly be advisable, besides inculcating on the Hospital
Assistants the necessity of greater activity, to remind the committees of these
towns of the importance of paying greater attention to this matter, and to
the serious risk to the public health which they incur from neglecting it.
Indeed I see no reason why the suggestion which Dr. Little makes at
the close of his Report, that vaccination should be made compulsory in
municipalities and ultimately in other principal towns, should not be carried
out in Berar in the same way as vaccination is enforced in municipalities
in the Central Provinces, namely, by inserting in the bye-laws a provision
making failure on the part of a parent or guardian to submit children within
six months from birth to the vaccinator a nuisance offending against public
safety, and punishable with fine on conviction.
It remains, however, to be seen whether our municipalities would agree
to such a provision, as it appears that the principal opponents to vaccination
are to be found among the better classes, who would command a majority
in the committees. However the attempt might well be made.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
S. O. B. RIDSDALE,
Commissioner,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
NO. 66 OF 1883.
FROM
SURGEON C, LITTLE, M. D.,
Superintendent of Vaccination,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
To
S. O. B. RIDSDALE, ESQUIRE, C. S.,
Commissioner, Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
DATED AKOLA, 5th July 1883.
SIR,
I have the honor to submit the Vaccination Report for the year ending
the 31st March 1883.
Strength of Department,
2. The total strength of the department
was the same as last year, and corresponded
with that sanctioned by Government.
Establishment.
3. The Native Superintendents are energetic and efficient men, and
capable of performing the duties required of
them. During the year the department suffered
a loss in the death of 1 st class Native Superintendent Shams-ud Din who,
during his nearly 11 years' service as Superintendent, had gained the confi-
dence of his superiors and the respect of all in the department.
The conduct of the staff was on the whole good, as the punishment roll
given below would go to show.
Punishments.
Reductions.—One 3rd class Superintendent reduced to Head Vaccina-
tor for two months for submitting dishonest diaries ; one 1st class vaccinator
reduced to 2nd class, and one 2nd class to 3rd class, for bad and careless
work.
Fines.—One for misconduct and one for idleness.
Dismissals.—One for theft and one for insubordination.
Season's work..
4. Annual vaccination was started on the 13th of September with a
supply of lymph received from Bombay, and by
the 21st October every vaccinator in the pro-
vince was at work. Animal lymph was kept up throughout the year in the
Amraoti Municipality and in the Akola District.
The following table shows the work done by the different establish-
ments in the province during 1882-83:—
TABLE NO. I—Showing work done by different Establishments in the Province during 1882-83.
Establishment.
Special Vaccination Estab-
lishment ... ...
Dispensary ... ...
Melghat ... ...
Total ...
Primary.
Total.
103,517
6,492
495
110,504
Success.
95,080
5,685
436
101,201
Re-vaccination.
Total.
241
41
...
282
Success.
120
13
...
133
Percentage of success.
Primary.
91.8
87.6
88.1
91.6
Re-vaccina.
tion.
49.8
31.7
...
47.2
B261
( 3 )
falsifying his returns is most severely punished. The percentage of
success is calculated upon the vaccinators' returns as corrected by Superin-
tendents, who verified 51' per cent. of the total work. The next table
compares the work of the year in each district with that of the preceding
year:—
TABLE No. IV.—Comparing work performed in each district for two years.
Districts.
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun ... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
Total vaccinated.
1881-82.
18,787 ...
10,287 ...
13,613 ...
13,739 ...
20,995 ...
12,748 ...
90,169 ...
1882-83.
22,112
10,958
15,830
14,408
20,935
19,515
103,758
With the exception of Akola there was an increase in the number of
operations performed in each district, the increase being most marked in
Buldana, where it was 6,767. The proportions of the population vaccinated
range from 44.3 in Buldana to 35 per 1,000 in Akola. In four districts
the number operated upon were in excess of the annual birth-rate estimated
at 40 per 1,000 of population.
The average number of operations performed by each vaccinator was
1,921, as against 1,670. The information under this head for districts is
given below:—
TABLE No. V.—Showing number of operations performed by each Vaccinator.
Districts.
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun ... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
No. of vaccinators.
In
1881-82.
12
6
8
7
12
9
54
In
1882-83.
12
6
8
7
12
9
54
No. of operations
per man.
In
1881-82.
1,566
1,714
1,702
1,963
1,749
1,416
1,670
In
1882-83.
1,843
1,826
1,979
2,058
1,745
2,168
1,921
Difference in 1882-83.
Increase.
277
112
277
95
...
752
251
Decrease.
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
Thus with a similar number of vaccinators in each district as in the
preceding year, there has been an increase of 251 operations per man.
The best results were obtained in the Buldana and Basim Districts, where
the average operations exceeded 2,000, which number was the standard laid
down at the commencement of the season to which each vaccinator was
expected to work up. The large increase of 752 in the Buldana district is
very creditable to the Superintendent of that district, Mr. Syed Abdul
Karim, while, on the other hand, the decrease in the Akola District is
unsatisfactory.
The following table exhibits the results obtained both in primary and
re-vaccination:—
Statement.
(
4
)
TABLE NO. VI.—Showing particulars of operations, primary and re-vaccination, performed
in different districts of the Hyderabad Assigned Districts during 1882-83.
Districts.
1
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Akola ...
Buldana ...
Total ...
Primary.
Total No.
of persons
vaccinated.
2
22,107
10,927
15,715
14,408
20,852
19,508
103,517
Result.
Success-
ful.
3
19,710
10,153
14,822
13,425
18,980
17,990
95,080
Un-
success-
ful and
doubt-
ful.
4
1,320
476
434
444
944
877
4,495
Un-
known.
5
1,077
298
459
539
928
641
3,942
Ratio per cent. to
total vaccina-
ted.
Successful.
6
89.2
92.9
94.3
93.2
91.02
92.2
91.8
Unsuccess-
ful and
doubtful.
7
5.9
4.4
2.8
3.1
4.5
4.5
4.3
Unknown.
8
4.9
2.7
2.9
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.9
Re-vaccination.
Total No. of per-
sons vaccinated.
9
5
31
115
...
83
7
241
Result.
Successful.
10
...
16
78
...
21
5
120
Unsuccess-
ful and
doubtful.
11
4
11
32
...
52
...
99
Unknown
12
1
4
5
...
10
2
22
Percentage of
total vaccinated.
Successful.
13
...
51.6
67.8
...
25.3
71.4
49.8
Unsuccess-
ful and
doubtful.
14
80.0
35.5
27.8
...
62.6
...
41.1
Unknown.
15
20.0
12.9
4.3
...
12.05
28.6
9.1
In primary vaccination the highest percentage of success was obtained
in the Wun District (94.3), and the lowest in Amraoti (89.2) and Akola (91.)
The rate for the province has, however, risen from 89.8 in the previous year
to 91.8, indicating more care on the part of the operator and better super-
vision on the part of Superintendents.
The percentages of unsuccessful and unknown cases in Amraoti and
Akola are higher than they should be, still the provincial averages under
these heads show a decrease compared with previous year.
The number of re-vaccinations was 241, as compared with 111 last year,.
and the percentage of success 49.8, as against 63.
The results of the districts are, on the whole, very satisfactory.
Sex of those vaccinated.
5. Of the sexes of those vaccinated 52,673 were males and 51,085
females, giving a percentage to total vaccinated
of 50.8 males and 49.2 females, as compared with
50.9 and 491 respectively in the preceding year. Calculated upon the propor-
tions of the sexes in the population, the relative number of females vaccinated
exceeds the males by .8 per cent.
The following table gives this information:—
TABLE No. VII.—Showing particulars in regard to sex of those vaccinated during 1882-83.
Districts.
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Akola ...
Buldana ...
Total ...
Population.
Male.
298,051
140,373
201,491
185,071
308,046
225,243
1,358,275
Female.
277,277
130,777
190,611
173,812
284,746
214,520
1,271,743
No. of persons vaccinated.
Male.
11,249
5,623
8,135
7,236
10,740
9,690
52,673
Female.
10,863
5,335
7,695
7,172
10,179
9,825
51,085
Total.
22,112
10,958
15,830
14,408
20,935
19,515
103,758
Proportion per
cent. to total
vaccinated.
Male.
50.9
51.3
51.4
50.2
51.3
49.6
50.8
Female.
49.1
48.7
48.6
49.8
48.7
50.3
49.2
Proportion per
cent. of sexes to
the population.
Male.
51.8
51.8
51.4
51.6
51.9
51.2
51.6
Female.
48.2
48.2
48.6
48.4
48.1
48.8
48.4
( 5 )
Age of those vaccinated.
6. The table below gives the ages of the
successfully vaccinated, and the proportions suc-
cessfully vaccinated at these ages:—
TABLE No. VIII.—Showing age of the successfully vaccinated children during 1882-83.
Districts.
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wan ... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
Number of those successfully vaccinated.
Under 1
year.
12,292
7,517
7,858
8,570
11,748
10,363
58,348
1 year and
under 6.
7,034
2,352
6,077
4,483
6,910
7,253
34,109
Above 6
years.
384
284
887
372
322
374
2,623
Total of all
ages.
19,710
10,153
14,822
13,425
18,980
17,990
95,080
Proportion per cent. to total
successfully vaccinated.
Under 1
year.
62.4
74.0
53.0
63.8
61.9
57.6
61.3
1 year
and
under 6.
35.7
23.2
41.0
33.4
36.4
40.3
35.9
Above 6
years.
1.9
2.8
6.
2.8
1.7
2.1
2.8
Of the total number (95,080) of successful primary vaccination, 61.3 per cent.
were performed on children under one year of age, 35.9 on children between
one and six years, and 2.8 on children above six years and adults, as com-
pared with 58.6, 39.5, and 1.8 respectively in the year preceding.
Estimating the birth-rate at 40 per 1,000 of the population, the number
of infants under one year of age successfully vaccinated was 55.4 per cent.,
and if to this be added the percentage of infants who died from all causes
during the year (18.6), there would still be some 26. per cent. of infants
remaining unprotected; but these may be taken to represent infants of three
months, under which age no child, except in cases of urgent necessity, is
vaccinated:—
The particulars of infantile vaccination in each district are given below.
TABLE No. IX.—Showing the number and proportions of infants who are protected and who
remained unprotected in each district during 1882-83.
District.
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Akola ...
Buldana ...
Total ...
Births
estimated at
40 per 1,000
of population.
23,013
10,846
15,684
14,355
23,712
17,590
105,200
Number
under 1 year
successfully
vaccinated.
12,292
7,517
7,858
8,570
11,748
10,363
58,348
Number of
deaths from
all causes
under 1 year
during 1882.
4,458
2,060
2,012
2,418
4,934
3,651
19,533
Number
under 1 year
remained
unprotected.
6,263
1,269
5,814
3,367
7,030
3,576
27,319
Proportion per cent. on
number born.
Of
infants
who
were
vacci-
nated.
53.4
69.3
50.1
59.7
49.5
58.9
55.4
Of
infants
who
died
from all
causes.
19.4
19.0
12.8
16.8
20.8
20.8
18.6
Of
infants
who
remain-
ed un-
protect-
ed.
27.2
11.7
37.1
23.5
29.7
20.3
26.
Map and statement.
7. A map* and statement similar to those
submitted last year are attached.
* NOTE BY PRESS.—The map has not been published, because a similar one was attached to the Report
for the previous year, to which reference can be made.
B261—3
B261—2
Statements.
( 11 )
The Civil Surgeons of Akola and Amraoti are supposed not to be able to
supervise a circle on account of their jail duties, but this difficulty ought not
to be allowed to stand in the way as they could be relieved of their duties in
the jails if they wished to do inspection work.
In the Central Provinces the Civil Surgeon has the entire supervision of
the district vaccination work instead of merely the head-quarter circle, as in
Berar, and is required to go into camp during the cold weather on inspection
duty.
TABLE No. 12.—Showing examination of work done by Civil Surgeons during 1882-83
compared with previous two years.
Districts.
Ellichpur ...
...
Wun ... ...
Basim ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
No. of villages visited.
1880-81.
26
38
...
26
...
1881-82.
2
18
46
66
132
1882-83.
29
19
33
65
146
No. of persons inspected.
1880-81.
374
311
543
680
1,908
1881-82.
120
271
423
809
1,623
1882-83.
674
176
410
1,082
2,442
Percentage of verified
cases to total vaccinated.
1880-81.
76.
74.4
60.
54.8
62.4
1881-82.
6.0
69.7
40.1
62.6
34.3
1882-83.
42.1
97.2
27.2
54.3
43.2
Compared with the previous year, there has been an increase by 14 in
the number of villages visited, of 819 in the number of cases verified, and
of 8.9 in the percentage of verified cases to total vaccinated.
Total cost.
10. The total cost of the department as shown in Annual Statement
No. II. aggregated Rs. 17,063-15-0, against
Rs. 17,192-1-11 in the previous year, and the
average cost of each successful case Rs. 0-2-10, against Rs. 0-3-5, or a
decrease of 7 pies per case.
The cost per successful case ranged from Rs. 0-2-4 in Buldana to
Rs. 0-3-8 in Ellichpur.
Dispensary vaccination.
11. The table below compares with last year the vaccination
work performed at the dispensaries in each
district.
TABLE No. 13.—Comparing dispensary vaccination work performed in each district
for two years.
Years.
1882-83.
1881-82.
Increase.
Decrease.
Amraoti.
Total
vacci-
nated.
1,358
837
521
...
Total
suc-
cessful.
1,135
675
460
...
Ellichpur.
Total
vacci.
nated.
803
1,035
...
232
Total
suc-
cess-
ful.
720
943
...
223
Wun.
Total
vac-
cina-
ted.
731
596
135
...
Total
suc-
cess-
ful.
700
562
138
...
Basim.
Total
vac-
cina-
ted.
615
514
101
...
Total
suc-
cess-
ful.
528
418
110
...
Akola.
Total
vacci-
nated.
1,573
1,079
494
...
Total
suc-
cessful.
1,399
1,018
381
...
Buldana.
Total
vacci-
nated.
1,453
1,190
263
...
Total
suc-
cessful.
1,216
1,038
178
...
Total.
Total
vacci-
nated.
6,533
5,251
1,282
...
Total
suc-
cessful.
5,698
4,654
1,044
...
The total number vaccinated by Hospital Assistants during the year
was 6,533, as compared with 5,251, which gives an increase of 1,282 over last
year's work. Excepting Ellichpur this increase was general in each district,
being most marked in the Amraoti and Akola Districts. The Civil Sursreon,
Ellichpur, offers no explanation of the cause of the falling-off in his district.
At civil hospitals the Civil Surgeons of Amraoti and Wun have paid most
attention to vaccination. Of the total number vaccinated (6,533) 6,492 were
( 13 )
Ellichpur.
Anjangaon.
Darwha.
Khamgaon.
Balapur.
Shegaon.
Chikhli.
Most of the dispensaries show an increase in work over that of last
year, and a considerable improvement on the
returns of previous years. In the seven dis-
pensaries mentioned in the margin there has
been a falling-off in the numbers operated
upon.
Civil Surgeons have been directed to report all cases of neglect of this
duty by Hospital Assistants; and during the year three men were punished
for not paying sufficient attention to vaccination.
In estimating dispensary work, however, the proportion of the population
protected, or of the estimated birth-rate should be taken, and not the
actual numbers operated upon; for dispensary work is entirely confined to
the town or village where the dispensary is situated, so the number to be
protected annually depends upon the population of the place.
That vaccination has been inadequately carried on heretofore in dispen-
sary towns may be seen from the table given below comparing the mortality
from small-pox in dispensary towns during the past official year with that
for other towns and villages in Berar :—
TABLE No. 15.—Comparing mortality from small-pox in dispensary towns with that in other
towns and villages of Berar during 1882-83.
Districts.
Amraoti
... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
Population
of dispen-
sary towns.
57,260
55,223
14,007
31,619
77,856
42,292
278,257
Population
of other
towns and
villages.
518,068
215,927
378,095
327,264
514,936
397,471
2,351,761
Deaths from
small-pox in
Dispen-
sary
towns.
206
148
...
7
192
104
657
Other
towns &
villages.
421
121
19
13
256
423
1,253
Ratio of deaths
per 1,000 of
population in
Dispen-
sary
towns.
3.6
2.7
...
.2
2.5
2.5
2.4
Other
towns &
villages.
.8
.5
.05
.04
.5
1.06
.5
Thus the death-rate from small-pox in dispensary towns was 2.4, whilst
in the other towns and villages of the province it was only .5 per thousand.
Or, if villages be omitted, and dispensary towns compared only with the
other towns in the province we get almost the same result.
TABLE NO. 16.—Comparing mortality from small-pox in dispensary and non-dispensary
towns in Berar during 1882-83.
Districts.
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
Population
of dispen-
sary towns.
57,260
55,223
14,007
31,619
77,856
42,292
278,257
Population
of non-dis-
pensary
towns
39,840
18,009
...
...
36,380
...
94,229
Deaths from
small-pox.
Dispen-
sary
towns.
206
148
...
7
192
104
657
Non-dis-
pensary
towns.
30
2
...
...
38
...
71
Ratio of deaths
per 1,000 of
population in
Dispen-
sary
towns.
3.6
2.7
...
.2
2.5
2.4
2.4
Non-din-
pensary
towns.
.8
.1
...
...
1.04
...
.75
NOTE.—In the Wun, Basim and Buldana Districts there are no non-dispensary towns.
B261—4
( 16
)
out the season. The Deputy Commissioner and Civil Surgeon took an
active interest in the work, and their personal influence greatly aided
the department.
In Akola, the Native Superintendent had considerable difficulty in
getting children, no assistance having been rendered by the municipal
committee, though solicited by the Superintendent. Aided, however, by the
town Chief Constable Dhondji, considerable work was performed and
epidemic of small-pox checked.
Under these circumstances I would urge that vaccination be made com-
pulsory in municipalities. With the recollection of this epidemic of small-
pox fresh in their minds, the present time seems opportune for the introduce
tion of such a measure, which in the course of time could be extended to all
other towns.
Notice of officers who gave aid to
the Vaccination Department.
15. Much assistance was received from
the undermentioned gentlemen, and I beg to
bring their names to the favourable notice of
the Resident:—
Tahsildars.
Mr. Ardeshar Dinshaji, of Akola.
„ Ganesh Bapuji, of Balapur.
„ Deorao Jeykrishna, of Akot.
„ Khwaja Badr-ud Din, of Pusad.
„ Saadat Mir Khan, of Mangrul Pir.
„ Govindrao, of Daryapur.
„ Shabaz Khan, of Chikhli.
„ Parshram Ganesh, of Mehkar.
„ Ambadas Santu, of Wun.
„ Dhondji, Chief Constable of Akola.
„ Khwaja Bah-ud Din, Daroga of Ellichpur.
Patels and Pandias.
Sambhaji Ranoji of Paldi, Pusad Taluk.
Bhawanji, of Bhrumuba, Basim
do.
Ambadas Ganesh, Pandia of Samdha, Daryapur Taluk.
Gopal Balaji, of Yewada, Daryapur Taluk.
Raghupatrao, Deshpandia of Surjee, Daryapur Taluk.
Rawaji, of Kapusthalni, Daryapur Taluk.
Kison, of
do.,
do.
do.
Pandoji of Nanori, Ellichpur
do,
Ramji of Pathroat,
do.
do.
Sitaram Balwant, Pandia of Pathroat, Ellichpur Taluk.
Akoba Dhondeo, of Warvand, Chikhli Taluk.
Lakshman Tulaji, of Esery, Mehkar
do.
Punjaji, of Narwail-Malkapur, Malkapur Taluk.
Babusing, Deshmukh of Badnera, do.
do.
Sadashiva Shivaram, of Deulghat, Chikhli do.
Lakshman Pandurang, Pandia of Deulghat, Chikhli Taluk.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
C. LITTLE, M. D.,
Superintendent of Vaccination,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts.