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then picked off as valueless. In the
flat ganja long stalks are allowed to
remain, but in the round ganja they
are cut off just below the flowers.
Both these perparations are said to be used for
smoking only in this district. No use is made of
the resin which exudes during process of manufac-
ture.
(3) Bhang or siddhi is made by boiling the
leaves of the wild hemp with milk.
16. Bhang is generally prepared for home con-
sumption wherever the plant grows wild. It is
not reported that bhang, siddhi or patti (as the
wild plant is indifferently called) is used for
manufacture of ganja.
17. The use of ganja is characteristic of indivi-
duals rather than classes, but it is extensively used
by cultivators, and almost invariably by bairagis,
fakirs, sanyasis, and other religious mendicants.
18. They are reported to degenerate and lose
their effect, by exposure, in time. Dryness ap-
pears to be an essential condition of preservation.
19. Ganja is used only for smoking and medi-
cinal purposes.
20. The proportion of people who smoke ganja
in Bogra is large, but impossible to estimate.
It
is said the consumption is greatest in the neigh-
bourhood of ganja tracts, but I do not know that
this is a safe assertion.
21. Flat and round ganja are both used, but
flat, being cheaper, is probably most used.
22. None, it is said.
23. No; it is said that it is used only for
drinking.
24. It is said that is not eaten. It is drunk
in most parts of the district, but not, it is said,
habitually. The fact is that people do not care
to admit its use, but I am told that nearly all
prostitutes and their clients drink it.
25 to 27. I have no information.
28. The average allowance is estimated by the
Inspector of Police at half a tola or 2 annas'
worth for moderate consumers, and one tola or 4
annas for excessive consumers.
29. (a) Tobacco is mixed with ganja, as it
makes it burn slowly. Milk, pepper, dhania, salt
and water, and sugar are used with bhang.
(b) Dhatura seed is mixed with ganja to im-
prove the flavour and render it more intoxicating,
and is also supposed to strengthen the powers of
digestion.
30. It is estimated that three-fourths of the
consumers take it in company, and one-fourth in
solitude. It is chiefly used by males, but nearly
all prostitutes use it. Children do not.
31. The habit is not said to be easily formed;
but once established, it is difficult to break off, and
moderation generally leads to excess.
32. I am told that there are such religious
customs, etc., but I have not learnt anything
specific in this connection.
33. The ganja smoker is generally looked on
with contempt; and among the more respectable
classes, public opinion (social) condemns the
habit; but this does not affect the uneducated
labouring classes, to whom it is in. a sense a
necessity. A knowledge of the general develop-
ment of results is a sufficient reason for disap-
proval of ganja-smoking. It is almost invariably
adduced by village people (as also by Police
officers) as a reason for believing any suspected
character capable of any kind of crime; but this
is because it leads first to sexual incontinence, and
then to excessive expenditure, which becomes
imperative to supply an irresistible and increas-
ing craving for the drug. No worship is spoken
of.
34. Religious mendicants, whose long journeys
and constant exposure render the drug a necessity,
and the class of agricultural labourers who have
become dependent on it by constant use, would
find its loss a serious deprivation. These are
estimated as about one-quarter of the population.
35. Prohibition would in all probability lead
to illicit cultivation and to the use of other drugs
or stimulants. It could only be actually enforced
by extermination of the plants, both cultivated
and wild. It is unlikely that political disturbance
would follow, as no powerful class would care to
identify itself with the consumers.
36. I have no information to this effect.
37. Charas is not used in Bogra.
38. The difference is in degree only, as far as I
can learn.
39. Drinking bhang is supposed to be the least
injurious method of consumption, which is pro-
bably due to the admixture of milk and to the
slight intoxicating effects.
40. It is prescribed by Kabirajes and also in
cattle disease.
41. The use of ganja is said to be beneficial: (a)
in moderate use as a digestive; (b) in habitual
use to support severe fatigue or exposure; (c)
and in both cases as a febrifuge and preventive
of gout; (d) it is also said to produce a fleeting
kind of courage when occasionally used.
It is not said that constant increase of the daily
amount is required for these results.
42. It appears to be harmless in all cases when
the consumption is moderate and when the effects
are worked off by legitimate labour, etc.
43. Yes, it is said so.
44. To the habitual consumer the effect is
stimulating, pleasant, and refreshing. It creates
appetite, and the effects are said to last about two
hours. There are no after-effects at the time.
Moderate consumption need not produce intoxi-
cation, and the habitual consumer will be uneasy
and lose health if he cannot obtain his usual
supply.
45. It is said to produce sexual excitement.
In moderate use it is not said to produce any of
the bad effects named, but it is admitted that,
unless nourishing food is also taken (and especi-
ally milk), that ill-health does follow, and also,
that death from dysentery is very commonly the
ultimate fate of ganja-smokers. Laziness follows
deprivation with habitual smokers.
46. The excessive use of ganja is almost always
accompanied by sexual excess. If sufficient and
good food is not taken, dysentery, asthma, bron-
chitis ensue. Insanity is generally temporary
when induced by ganja smoking, and generally
takes the form of imbecility; but there are
hopeless cases, and I can quote at present the cases
of Hura Chaukidar of Dupchanchia in this
district, in whom unusual robustness for his age
is accompanied by imbecility.
This year a sad case of violent insanity induced
by ganja smoking came under notice, in which the