NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( 6 )
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT No. IV.—Showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated, and the number of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in the
Hyderabad Assigned Districts in each of the undermentioned official years.
Establishments.
Government... ... ...
Dispensaries...
... ...
Total ..
Persons primarily vaccinated.
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1868-69.
13,098
160
13,258
7,973
150
8,123
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1869-70.
7,920
359
8,279
6,450
310
6,760
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1870-71
20,096
1,024
21,120
16,584
892
17,476
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success
fully
vaccin
ated.
1871-72.
34,706
970
35,676
28,966
836
29,802
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1872-73.
44,153
1,976
46,129
33,734
1,744
35,478
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1873-74.
41,650
2,168
43,818
29,932
1,865
31,797
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1874-75.
52,941
3,466
56,407
42,949
3,049
45,998
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1875-76.
60,582
4,735
65,317
48,658
3,810
52,468
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success¬
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1876-77.
77,206
6,315
83,521
63,665
5,264
68,929
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1877-78.
97,010
4,514
101,524
79,200
3,819
83,019
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success-
fully
vaccin-
ated.
1878-79.
54,118
3,801
57,919
45,453
3,311
48,764
Total
num-
ber.
Num-
ber
success.
vaccin-
ated.
1879-80.
69,731
2,307
72,038
62,009
1,951
63,960
DATED AKOLA,
The 9th June 1880.
C. LITTLE, M. D.,
Officiating Superintendent of Vaccination,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
REPORT
ON
VACCINATION
IN THE
HYDERABAD ASSIGNED DISTRICTS,
FOR THE
OFFICIAL YEAR 1880-81
Hyderabad :
PRINTED AT THE RESIDENCY GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1881.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Season of vaccination ...
...
...
...
...
Attitude of the people ...
...
...
...
...
System of vaccination ...
...
...
... ...
Raising of lymph.
...
...
...
... ...
Season's work ... ... ... ... ...
Number of operations performed per vaccinator... ... ...
Sex of the vaccinated ...
...
...
... ...
Age of the vaccinated ...
...
...
...
... ...
Inspection ...
...
...
...
... ...
Establishment
...
...
...
... ...
Cost of vaccination ... ... ... ... ...
Dispensary
vaccination...
...
...
...
...
Para.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
B445
No 92.
FROM
SURGEON CHARLES LITTLE, M. D.,
Superintendent of Vaccination,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
To
W. B. JONES, ESQ., C. S.,
Commissioner,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
DATED AKOLA, 10th August 1881
SIR,
I HAVE the honor to submit the Report and returns of Vaccination in
the Hyderabad Assigned Districts for the year ending the 31st March last
The delay in the submission of this Report has been caused by an increased
amount of work in this office, as I have explained in the first para. of my
Dispensary Report, and latterly to the occurrence of cholera in the province
Season of vaccination.
2. Vaccination is carried on in Berar for six months of the year only,
from October till April. This system was
introduced in 1872, when the department was
in its infancy, as it was not considered desirable to work throughout the
whole year, on the grounds that the vaccine vesicle did not thrive so well
in the hot and the damp months, and as arm-to-arm vaccination could not be
carried on during these months, except with difficulty, it would be necessary
to use preserved lymph, which would increase the number of doubtful and
unsuccessful cases, and, as a consequence, necessitate a large number of
re-vaccinations, against which the people were said to be extremely preju-
diced.
Although arm-to-arm vaccination is one of the best methods of practice,
and the one which is always carried out when practicable, yet I find lymph
preserved in tubes and on points to be fairly effective: and the vaccinators
might, I think, be employed with advantage for the greater part of the year,
suspending operations for two months only, during the height of the monsoon.
Attitude of the people.
3. There has of late years been a great improvement in the feelings of
the people on the subject of vaccination, though
amongst certain classes and castes opposition
is still met with. These are chiefly Mahomedans, Marwadies, Rajputs,
Deshmukhs, and in the larger towns, Brahmins and men of position who
passively oppose the work.
There does not appear to be any real religious prejudice against vacci-
nation, but there is apathy and indifference, and where resistance is met with,
it is often due to the opposition of the women, who object to the subsequent
inflammation of their children's arms, which is but too often in excess of what
it should be owing to the irritating and dirty substances they apply during
the maturation of the vesicle. The people generally, however, fully under-
stand the efficacy of vaccination as a protective against small-pox, and in
the presence of this disease, their apathy quickly vanishes, and they are then
eager that their children should be vaccinated. As an instance of this, I
B445—2
( 3 )
result afterwards. The Patels are generally willing and able to render the
necessary assistance.
The instrument in use in Berar is the needle-vaccinator, which consists
of six steel points inserted into a bone handle, leaving the points exposed
about 1½ lines in length and 3 in breadth; at the other end is a plated spa¬
tule for applying the lymph to the latticed scratches made by the needles,
Raising of lymph.
5. On the 15th of September a supply of animal lymph was obtained
from the Bombay Vaccination Depôt, with which
a, calf was vaccinated the following day. Only
one puncture proved successful, and from this vesicle a second calf was
inoculated with success on the 21st.
On the 23rd a second supply was received from Bombay, which also
proved successful. From the calves thus inoculated lymph was now collected
in capillary tubes, which were hermetically sealed, and four tubes sent to each
Superintendent on the 28th and further continuous supplies, until reports
were received that each district had raised lymph for itself. Animal vacci-
nation was then allowed to die out except in the Amraoti District, where it
was kept up throughout the season, by which Superintendents could renew
their lymph if required.
No indent for English lymph was submitted as heretofore, the animal
lymph propagated in the province having been found to give better results.
The native Superintendents and vaccinators were at their posts in the
last week in September; and the first supplies of lymph sent from Akola
having proved successful, except in the Buldana District, operations com-
menced in the first week in October. In the Buldana District the work
commenced on the 24th October.
Season's work.
6. The total number of operations performed during the year was
80,150, as compared with 69,807 in 1879-80.
The following table shows the work performed in each district contrast-
ed with that of the preceding year.
TABLE No. I.—Work performed in each District for two years compared.
Districts.
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun
...
...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
Total vaccinated.
1880-81.
20,061
7,557
12,280
9,355
17,541
13,356
80,150
1879-80.
12,344
8,239
9,753
8,335
16,631
14,505
69,807
Difference.
Increase.
7,717
...
2,527
1,020
910
...
10,343
Decrease.
...
682
...
...
...
1,149
...
The most marked increase has been in the Amraoti District, but there
has also been a considerable increase in the Wun, Basim, and Akola Districts;
while in the Districts of Ellichpur and Buldana there has been a falling-off
in numbers. The net increase notwithstanding has been 10,343. The cause
of the decrease in the Ellichpur and Buldana Districts will be explained
further on, though any falling-off is unsatisfactory, and much to be regret-
ted.
No. of operations performed per
vaccinator.
7. Table No. II. shows the average number of operations performed by
each vaccinator The Amraoti and Wun Dis-
tricts show improvement which is creditable to the
Superintendents concerned; but in the others.
( 5 )
charged by dipping the point into the vaccine lymph as it collects after the
rupture of a vesicle, and when it becomes dry the point is rolled in some
cotton wool. Lymph thus preserved will remain active for a long time.
The following table shows in detail the results of the year's operations
in each district : —
TABLE No. 3.—Showing particulars of primary and re-vaccination performed in different
districts of Hyderabad Assigned Districts during 1880-81.
Districts.
1
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun
... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ...
Total ...
Primary.
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
2
20,055
7,557
12,258
9,355
17,538
13,320
80,083
Result.
Successful.
3
17,094
6,995
11,336
8,228
14,504
11,249
69,406
Unsuccessful and
doubtful.
4
1,725
359
595
538
1,414
1,393
6,024
Unknown.
5
1,236
203
327
589
1,620
678
4,653
Percentage
of to total
vaccinated
Successful.
6
85.2
92.6
92.5
88.
82.7
84.4
86.7
Unsuccessful and
doubtful.
7
14.8
7.4
7.5
12.0
17.3
15.6
13.3
Re-vaccination.
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
8
6
...
22
...
3
36
67
Result.
Successful.
9
...
...
12
...
1
5
18
Unsuccessful and
doubtful.
10
5
...
9
...
1
30
45
Unknown.
11
1
...
1
...
1
1
4
Percentage
of
Successful.
12
...
...
54.5
...
33.3
13.9
26.9
Unsuccessful and
doubtful.
13
100.
...
45.4
...
66.7
86.1
73.1
The most successful results in primary vaccination were obtained by the
Ellichpur and Wun Superintendents. The percentage of unsuccess in the
Akola, Buldana, and Amraoti Districts, is high.
Sex of the vaccinated.
8. Of the total number of persons vaccinated, 40,210 were males and
39,940 females, or 50.1 and 49.9 per cent.
respectively,against 50.6 and 49.4 for the preced¬
ing year. The difference between the proportion of males and females
vaccinated is very small in all districts.
Age of the vaccinated.
9. Of the 69,406 successful primary vaccinations, 40,589 were under
one year and 28,351 over one and under six, or
58.5 and 40.7 per cent., respectively, to 65.2 and
34.2 in 1879-80.
The percentage of infants successfully vaccinated to the annual birth¬
rate calculated at 40 per thousand of the population was 46.4 against 46.2 last
year, or including dispensaries, 49.5 as compared with 47.6, which was the
highest ratio attained by any province in India for that year.
Inspection.
10. I was in camp from November till the end of March, and during
that time inspected work in the Akola, Buldana,
Basim, and part of the Wun District. With
the exception of some circles in the Buldana District, the work was on the
average good.
In the Lonar Circle of the Buldana District the work was so bad that I
dismissed the vaccinator. The man had been working with bad lymph, and
the children vaccinated suffered much from inflammation and ulceration of
the arm. The patels of three villages came to my camp to complain of the
B445—3
( 7 )
The Civil Surgeons of Akola and Amraoti were not given circles last season,
as on account of their jail duties they would have been unable to efficiently
supervise them ; but as they have now been relieved of the jails, they will have
a circle to supervise next season as formerly:—
TABLE No. 5.—Showing examination of work done by Civil Surgeons in 1880-81.
Districts.
Akola ...
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Buldana ...
Names.
Surgeon T. Hume, M. B. ... ...
Mr. G. E. King ... ... ...
Surgeon C. L. Swaine, M. B.
Mr. P. Chamarett ... ... ...
Mr. J. Duckworth ... ... ...
Honorary Surgeon A. R. Menasse ...
Number
of
villages
visited.
...
...
26
38
9
26
Total
number
of
vaccina-
ted
persons
inspec¬
ted.
...
...
374
311
543
680
Total
number of
persons
vaccinated
during the
year by
vaccina¬
tors under
Civil
Surgeons.
...
...
492
418
905
1,240
Establishment.
From the following comparative statement. it will be seen that the staff
was in excess of last year by two 2nd class
vaccinators and three apprentices, and that the
establishment worked two short of its sanctioned strength :—
TABLE No. 6.—Strength of establishment for two years compared.
Districts.
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun
... ... ...
Basim ... ... ...
Akola ... ... ...
Buldana ... ...
With Superintendent Gene-
ral's camp ... ...
Total ...
Sanctioned strength ...
1880-81.
Superintendent General.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
Native Superintendents.
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
6
6
Head Vaccinators.
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
6
6
1st Class Vaccinators.
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
12
12
2nd Class Vaccinators.
2
2
2
2
2
2
...
12
12
3rd Class Vaccinators.
7
2
2
1
5
3
1
*21
26
Apprentices.
...
1
2
3
3
2
...
11
8
Peons.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
1879-80.
Superintendent General.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
Native Superintendents
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
6
6
Head Vaccinators.
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
6
6
1st Class Vaccinators.
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
12
12
2nd Class Vaccinators.
2
1
1
2
2
2
...
10
12
3rd Class Vaccinators.
6
1
5
3
5
3
...
23
26
Apprentices.
1
1
1
1
...
1
1
6
8
Peons.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
* Three entertained in the apprentice grade.
At the commencement of the season there were 12 vacancies to fill up,
one superintendentship, three 2nd class vaccinatorships, seven 3rd class,
and one apprentice. The seven apprentices entertained last year, having
been found qualified for promotion after examination, were promoted to the
3rd class, and in order to fill up the vacancies in the apprentice grade, I adver-
tised in the local papers, being desirous to entertain local men, as more likely
to have influence with the people, and found but little difficulty in obtaining
desirable candidates of fair education. Ten men were appointed ; but as they
were all ignorant of vaccination, I was unable to fill up the remaining two
vacancies in the 3rd class.
( 8 )
The staff of vaccinators assigned to each district was proportioned
according to the population of the district.
The Native Superintendent of the Basim District, Mr. Govind Sukojee,
having been pensioned, it was necessary to appoint a man in his place ; but
as none of the vaccination staff were fitted for promotion to this grade, I
filled up the post by appointing a clerk out of the office, Mr. Trimbak Rao,
who, though unacquainted with the practical work of vaccination, had a
thorough knowledge of the working of the department from his office
experience. This Superintendent accompanied me on my tour, during which
he has acquired a fair knowledge of his duties, and I have every reason to
hope that he will make a good Superintendent.
The Amraoti Superintendent, Mr. Murad Khan, was transferred to the
Basim District, and 1st Class Superintendent, Mr. Bappu Rao, to Amraoti.
The Ellichpur Superintendent, Mr. Abdul Carim, was sent to Buldana,
and the Ellichpur District, as being the smallest and most easy to work,
was assigned to the new Superintendent, Mr. Trimbak Rao, and head vac¬
cinator Mahomed Talib appointed to act for him.
The following appointments and promotions were made and punish¬
ments inflicted during the season:—
Appointments.
1
10
Second Class Superintendent.
Apprentices.
Promotions.
1
4
8
Vaccinator from 2nd to 1st class.
Vaccinators from 3rd to 2nd class.
Apprentices to 3rd class vaccinators.
Punishments.
3
4
1
Fines.
Reduction.
Dismissal.
Cost of vaccination.
12. The aggregate cost of the department, as shown in annual State-
ment No. II., was Rs. 16,247-13-1, against
Rs. 16,469-1-10 in the previous year, and the
average cost of each successful case was Rs. 0-3-9, against Rs, 0-4-3.
Dispensary vaccination.
13. As shown in annual Statement No, III., the total number vaccin-
ated in dispensaries was 5,649, as compared
with 2,373 in the previous year, and the per-
centage of successful cases was primary vaccination 87.6, and re-vaccination
87.7, as against 84.5 and 89.4 last year. The total number of infants under
one year vaccinated was 2,740, and above one year and under six 2,027, as
compared with 1,253 and 677 in 1879-80.
The following table compares with last year the work performed in each
district, from which it will be seen that the increase was general, and is most
marked in the Buldana and Wun Districts :—
TABLE No. 7.—Comparing Dispensary Vaccination work performed in each district for the
two years 1879-80 and 1880-81.
Years.
1880-81 ...
1879-80 ...
Increase ...
Amraoti.
Total vaccinated.
937
644
293
Total successful.
759
515
244
Ellichpur.
Total vaccinated.
1,186
712
474
Total successful.
1,072
636
436
Wun.
Total vaccinated.
781
200
581
Total successful.
756
181
575
Basim.
Total vaccinated.
306
104
202
Total successful.
232
63
169
Akola.
Total vaccinated.
946
408
538
Total successful.
849
348
501
Buldana.
Total vaccinated.
1,493
305
1,188
Total successful.
1,279
267
1,012
Total.
Total vaccinated.
5,649
2,373
3,276
Total successful.
4,947
2,010
2,937
( 9 )
Though vaccination at dispensaries has somewhat improved, still much
more in this direction might be effected. I endeavour to stimulate exertion,
but subordinates in charge of outlying dispensaries may do pretty much as
they like, and when called to account for neglect of this important part of
their duties, they plead want of assistance on the part of the village officials,
difficulty in obtaining children without such assistance, and other dispensary
duties, fully employing their mornings, and preventing them vaccinating
from house to house.
In conclusion, I have to record my satisfaction of the manner in which
the several Superintendents and their establishments under them worked
during the year, and I would bring to notice the names of the following
gentlemen to whom I am indebted for the active assistance they rendered
to the department during the season's operations:—
Mr. Ardaseer, Tahsildar, Jalgaon.
„ Saadat Mir Khan, Tahsildar, Chikhli.
„ Parashram Ganesh, do.,
Mehkar.
„ Badr-ud-Deen,
do.,
Pusad.
„ Waman Narayan, of Chandur.
„ Govindraz Aya, of Morsi.
„ Dorabjee Cowasjee, of Murtazapur.
„ Girrao Ramchandra, of Amraoti.
„ Ramchandra Kashinath Londhey, of Deulgaon Raja.
Mussaji Ramchandra, Patel of Umarkhed.
Setaram, Patel of Talegaon Thakoor.
Mahadeo, Patel of Badnera.
Gunput Sing, Patel of Talegaon Dashasar.
Akajee Balwant, of Khamargaon.
Baburam Satwarao, of Medsi.
Lakshman, Patel of Rhoda.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
C. LITTLE, M. D.,
Superintendent of Vaccination, &c.,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
( 4 )
BASIM DISTRICT.
Area in square miles 2,958. Number inhabited villages 881. Population 276,646.
Strength of establishment.
ESTABLISHMENT.
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
Native Superintendent.
Head
vaccinator.
1st Class
do.
2nd do. Vaccinators.
3rd do. Vaccinator.
Apprentices.
Peon.
The establishment remained the same as last year.
Raising of lymph.
Two supplies of animal lymph were received from Akola on the 29th of September
and 7th October, respectively, both supplies proved suc-
cessful, and lymph, both humanized and animal, was
distributed to each vaccinator, and by the 2nd of November the work was in full progress
throughout the district.
Season's work.
Out of 881 inhabited villages in the district, vaccination work was performed in 577.
The total numbers vaccinated were 9,355, or 1,020 in
excess of the previous year. The average number
vaccinated by each vaccinator was 1,169, against 1,190 in 1879-80, and the ratio of suc-
cessful vaccinations per 1,000 of population 29.7, against 26.7. Of the total number
vaccinated, 88 per cent. proved successful, 5.7 unsuccessful, and 6.3 unknown.
The number of children under one year successfully operated upon was 4,865, or 43.9
per cent. of the birth-rate, estimated at 40 per 1,000 of population.
The total expenditure on vaccination in this district was Rs. 2,097-12-11, and
the cost per successful case Rs. 0-4-1, against Rs. 0-5-7 in the previous year.
Inspection.
The results of vaccination were verified in 311 villages, out of 577 in which work was.
performed. The total number of miles travelled by
Superintendent was 954, or at the rate of 5.2 miles a
day, and by the head vaccinator 250 miles, or 4.2 daily.
The Superintendent General inspected the work in 8 out of the 11 circles in this
district, and was fairly satisfied with what he saw.
Attitude of the people.
The opposition formerly met with in this district
is gradually being overcome, though in some villages
the vaccinators have still difficulty in getting children
for vaccination.
Character of the staff.
The vaccinators are reported to have performed their duties satisfactorily with the
exception of one man, who was reduced for bringing a
false charge against a Patel.
Native Superintendent Murad Khan worked satisfactorily during the year. He
brings to notice the assistance rendered in the cause of vaccination by the Patel of
Medsi.
AKOLA DISTRICT.
Area in square miles 2,660. Number inhabited villages 969. Population 480,657.
Strength of the establishment.
ESTABLISHMENT.
1
1
2
2
5
3
1
Native Superintendent.
Head Vaccinator.
1st Class Vaccinators.
2nd do.
do.
3rd do.
do.
Apprentices.
Peon.
The vaccination staff was increased by three men as compared with last year.
Raising of lymph.
The Superintendent took a vaccinated calf from Akola into the district, from which
he raised a supply of lymph, and by the commencement
of November each circle was at work.
( 5 )
Season's work.
The number of villages in which work was performed was 802, out of 969 inhabited
villages in the district. The total number vaccinated
was 17,541, against 16,631 in the previous year, and the
ratio of success 82.7, against 88.3. The percentage of unsuccessful and unknown cases
was 8.1 and 9.2, against 5.9 and 5.7, respectively. The average number vaccinated by
each vaccinator was 1,349, against 1,512 in 1879-80, and the number of successful
vaccinations per 1,000 of the population 30.2, against 30.6. The number of
infants vaccinated was 8,910, or 46.2 per cent. of births, estimated at 40 per 1,000 of the
population. The total expenditure on vaccination was Rs. 3,021-2-3, and the average
cost of each successful case Rs. 0-3-4, against Rs. 0-3-6 in the previous year.
Inspection.
Out of the 802 villages in which vaccine operations were performed, the work was
inspected in 509. The Superintendent visited 396 villages
and verified 9,826 cases, or 56.0 per cent. of the total num-
ber vaccinated. The number of miles travelled was 1,115, or an average of 6.1 daily.
The head vaccinator travelled 293 miles, visited 113 villages, and verified 2,389 cases
during the month he was engaged on this work.
The Superintendent General inspected work in the Jalgaon taluk.
Attitude of the people.
No direct opposition but much difficulty is experienced in the larger towns amongst
natives of rank and Government clerks. The native
Superintendent reports that considerable difficulty was
experienced in this respect in the following towns:—
Akola Taluk ...
...
...
Khamgaon Taluk
... ...
Balapur Taluk
...
...
Akot Taluk...
...
...
Akola.
Barsi Takli.
Boregaon Buzrug.
Boregaon Khurd.
Akolee.
Redhura.
Khamgaon.
Kunjera.
Hivra.
Sirla.
Chetry.
Patur.
Dahihanda.
Argaon.
Tallegaon Buzrug.
Tallegaon Khurd
and Wuidsingri in the Jalgaon Taluk.
Conduct of the vaccinators.
The conduct of the staff was on the whole satisfactory. One man was fined for
frequent irregularity in submission of returns, and
another reduced for insubordination.
1st Class Native Superintendent Mr. Shams-ud-Deen is intelligent, active, and effi-
cient, and has given satisfaction during the season.
BULDANA DISTRICT.
Area in square miles 2,804. Number inhabited villages 888. Population 366,309.
ESTABLISHMENT.
Strength of establishment.
1
1
2
2
Native Superintendent.
Head Vaccinator.
1 st Class Vaccinators.
2nd do.
do.
3 3rd do.
do.
2
1
Apprentices.
Peon.
The strength of the establishment remained the same as last year.
On the 29th of September three tubes of animal lymph were received from Akola,
and a further supply on the 7th, 10th, and 16th of October. These all failed ; but on the
18th of the same month a supply of humanized lymph was received, which proved suc¬
cessful, and from which lymph was propagated and supplied to each circle.
B445-2