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once formed. It is generally seen that if a ganja-
smoker cannot smoke ganja he gets dysentery.
35. It will be impossible to prohibit the use of
ganja and bhang; I am afraid that if it is done so
the drug would be consumed illicitly, and the
prohibition would occasion much discontent, rather
a panic among the consumers; but I do not think
that such discontent would amount to any political
danger. Yes, surely the prohibition would be
followed by recourse to alcoholic stimulants, which
I think are in themselves much more injurious in
every way than ganja, bhang, opium and all other
drugs, if even taken together.
36. Yes, I think that alcohol is now being to a
certain extent substituted for ganja and bhang.
The cause may be attributed to the luxurious habit
which the people are acquiring after the Western
civilization, which I think they mistake to under-
stand.
37. I do not know anything about charas.
38. I do not know.
39. I am given to understand that the smoking
of ganja is more injurious than any other prepara-
tion of it for consumption. Bhang is never used
in smoking.
40. The bhang is used by kavirajes (Indian
doctors) as medicine. I do not know about ganja.
Neither ganja nor bhang is used in the treatment
of cattle-diseases.
41. (a) The moderate use of bhang is beneficial
in its effects as a full accessory to digestion.
(b) Ganja is used by the lower classes of the
people, which gives them a staying-power under
severe exertion or exposure and to alleviate
fatigue. I have dealt with the preparation of the
consuming people in question No 26. I refer to
moderate occasional use of the drug here.
42. Yes, I consider the moderate use of ganja
and bhang to be harmless. I never heard of any
such moderate consumers to have suffered from its
effect.
43. Yes. Why moderate, even the excessive
consumers also are inoffensive to their neighbours,
while the man who would drink a glass of liquor
goes out into the street to fight with the innocent
people.
44. I cannot say anything about the immediate
effect of the moderate use of ganja and bhang on
the habitual consumers. I think it is refreshing
and produces intoxication to some extent. The
use of ganja and bhang does not allay hunger.
The use of bhang creates appetite. It is seen
that the want of subsequent gratification produces
uneasiness.
45. The habitual moderate use of ganja and
bhang sometimes do mischief to the mental power.
The habitual moderate use of ganja may impair
the constitution to a little extent, but the bhang
does not.
Bhang and ganja do not injure the digestion or
cause loss of appetite.
Ganja causes dysentery and sometimes bron-
chitis.
Ganja sometimes impairs the moral sense and
induces laziness.
Sometimes ganja does deaden the intellect and
produces insanity of milder type, and such insanity
sometimes becomes temporary and sometimes per-
manent. Such temporary insanity may be re-
induced by use of the drug after liberation from
restraint. I do not know about any typical
symptoms. Sometimes insanes confess that the
use of the drugs has made them so.
46. The same answer I have made for question
45 will answer all parts of this question, but the
results are more likely to occur from the exces-
sive use.
47, 48 and 49. No.
50. The excessive use of ganja and bhang tends
to produce impotency. I am unable to answer
other queries of the question.
51. No.
52. Yes, a large proportion of bad characters
are excessive consumers of ganja. The crime of
theft generally is the special character of an
excessive ganja smoker.
53 and 54. No.
55. No.
The matter related in questions 53, 54 and 55
rather relates to the habit of drinking liquors.
56. The effect of hemp is not modified by the
admixture of other substances. I have dealt with
the subject in my answer to question 29.
57. I know nothing of charas; ganja is generally
used in smoking There is also another mode of
using ganja, which is known here as majum, and
with which I have already dealt in my answer to
the question 19. The use of majum is not at all
injurious to health if used moderately.
Oral evidence.
Question 1.—I am 30 years of age.
Question 45.—My statements regarding in-
sanity are based partly on what I have heard and
partly on what I have myself seen. I have not
studied medicine and am not aware of all the
causes which may produce insanity. Some of the
insane persons whom I have known were ganja-
smokers, I have seen men who were sane smoke
ganja, and found them afterwards to be insane,
and therefore I put down the ganja-smoking as
one of the causes. I have known ganja-smokers
who did not become insane, and these were the
majority. I could not profess to be competent
to decide the question whether ganja produces
insanity or not. My reason for connecting ganja
with insanity, and not, for instance, an innocent
thing like rice with insanity, is the general belief
that it may cause insanity.