NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( 7 )
Greatest amount of work performed
during the year 1877-78 since the organ-
ization of the Vaccine Department.
28. In the year 1877-78 the greatest amount of work was performed
since the establishment of the department.
The explanation of this is that vaccination was
carried on throughout the greater part of the
year, as small-pox was prevalent in the province, and not confined merely
to the usual vaccination season.
CHAPTER VI.
SEASON'S WORK AND RESULT ACCORDING TO DISTRICTS.
Amraoti District.
Strength of establishment.
29. Moorad Khan, 2nd Class District Superintendent;1 Head Vacci-
nator, two 1st Class Vaccinators, two 2nd Class
Vaccinators ; six 3rd Class Vaccinators, one
Apprentice, one Peon.
Area and population.
Area 2,759 square miles, population 501,331.
No. vaccinated compared with pre-
vious year.
30. The number vaccinated in this district during the year was
12,344, against 8,905 in the previous year.
The percentage of success being 93.4 to 90.1.
Inspection work done by Native Su-
perintendent.
31. The increase in the work is satisfactory, both as regards quality
and quantity; but the amount of work inspected
by Mr. Moorad Khan was less than that done
by any other Superintendent.
Out of 748 villages in which vaccination work was performed, he visited
270 and verified but 45.5 per cent. of the work done in his district.
Percentage of successful cases.
32. The percentage of success for the district, 93.4, would be most satis-
factory were it not for the number of " un-
known" cases (No. 772), that is, those cases
which have been operated on but which have not afterwards been seen either
by the Vaccinator or Superintendent, and of which the result necessarily
remains " unknown."
Vaccinators punished for falsifying
returns.
33. In some instances Vaccinators, in order to show good results, enter
all unsuccessful cases under this head. If
found out, however, they are punished for thus
falsifying their returns. The conduct of the
Vaccinators, with the exception of one man, is reported to have been good.
Higher class of Hindus and the
Mahomedans opposed to vaccination.
34. Very little obstruction to vaccination was met with, but the
Superintendent reports that much difficulty is
experienced with the higher classes of Hindus
and the Mahomedans in persuading them to
have their children vaccinated.
Average cost of each successful case.
35. The average cost of each successful
vaccination was 4 annas 6 pies.
No. of children under one year vac-
cinated compared with birth-rate.
36. The number of children under one
year vaccinated was 6,582, or 38.4 per cent. of
the births of 1879.
Inspection by General Superintend-
ent.
37. The work I inspected in this district
was good.
Conduct of Native Superintendent.
38. The Superintendent, Mr. Moorad Khan,
is inclined to be lazy, and is slow in submitting
returns and replying to references.
( 8 )
Ellichpur District.
Strength of Establishment, area and
population.
39. 3rd Class Native Superintendent Abdul Curreem; one Head Vac-
cinator, two 1st Class Vaccinators, one 2nd
Class Vaccinator, one 3rd Class Vaccinator,
one apprentice, one peon.
Area 974 square miles; population 238,356.
No. vaccinated.—Ratio of success.—
Inspection by Native Superintendent.
40. The total number vaccinated in this district during the year under
report shows an increase of 422 over the pre-
ceding year. The ratio of success was 94.2,
and of " unknown " 4.4. These ratios compare
very favourably with the work in other districts. The Superintendent visit-
ed 423 villages out of a total of 429 in which work had been performed, and
verified 76.6 of the total number vaccinated.
Inspection by General Superintend-
ent.
41. I travelled over the greater part of this district, and was pleased
with the work performed during the season
under report. The previous season's work was
not so satisfactory when it came to be verified ;
and I discovered many instances of false entries made by the vaccinators
and verified by the Native Superintendent who was then in charge of the
district. The matter is now under enquiry.
Natives in Government employ op-
posed to vaccination.
42. The Native Superintendent reports that natives in Government
employ, Mahomedans, Brahmins and sahucars
oppose vaccination, but that there is not much
difficulty experienced with the other classes.
Conduct of vaccination staff.
43. The character of the staff is reported
satisfactory.
Cost of each successful case.
44. The cost per successful operation was
4 annas 9 pies.
Suggestion for remuneration to
lymph subjects for keeping up arm-to-
arm vaccination.
45. The Superintendent reports difficulty in carrying on arm-to-arm
vaccination from one village to another, and sug-
gests that a lymph subject should be paid for
at the rate of one anna a mile, so as to enable
the work to be carried on from arm to arm
without having to resort to tube lymph or crusts, which often fail. This pro-
cedure is followed in Madras, and might, I would suggest, be given a trial in
Berar.
Commendation to Native Superin-
tendent.
46. The Native Superintendent, Mr. Abdul Curreem, is intelligent and
zealous in the performance of his duties. He
has worked to my satisfaction during the year.
Wun District.
Strength of establishment, area and
population.
47. Third class Native Superintendent, Mr. Ajaj Hoosain; one Head
Vaccinator, one 1st Class Vaccinator, one 2nd
Class Vaccinator, five 3rd Class Vaccinators,
1 apprentice, 1 peon.
Area 3,907 square miles ; population 323,689.
Number vaccinated.
48. The total number vaccinated in this district was 9,753, against 8,478
in the previous year, The percentage of suc-
cess was 95.4, being the highest obtained in any
( 9 )
district, and'the-percentage of " unknown " 4.9. Out of the 905 villages in
which work. was performed, 387 were visited by the Native Superintendent,
who travelled during the season 1,320 miles, or 8.7 daily.
Quality of English lymph not so
good as that raised in the district.
49. The Native Superintendent reports that the English lymph sent to
him in October was not so good in quality as
the lymph raised in the district. The areola
was badly defined, the vesicles imperfect, and
the resulting scars shallow.
Replenishment of lymph from..cow
vaccination.
50. The lymph in this district was replenished from a calf that had been
inoculated with small-pox matter. From the
lymph obtained in this manner 45 children were
successfully vaccinated, and the lymph then
humanized was propagated.
Work of vaccination staff.
51. The Superintendent reports that the Vaccinators under him worked
well with one exception, 3rd Class Vaccinator
Wahad Khan, of the Darwha circle, whose work
was bad, due to careless vaccination.
Number of children under one year
successfully vaccinated.
52. The number of children under one
year successfully vaccinated was 5,929, or 51.3
per cent. of births of 1879.
Cost of each successful case.
53. The cost of each. successful case was
4;annas and 4 pies.
Commendation to Native Superin-
tendent.
54. Mr. Ajaj Hoosain, 3rd Class Native
Superintendent, worked to my entire satisfac-
tion. He is energetic and painstaking.
Basim District.
Strength of establishment—area
and population.
55. Second class Native Superintendent, Mr. Govind Sakojee Row; one
Head Vaccinator, one 1st Class Vaccinator, two
2nd Class Vaccinators, three 3rd Class Vaccina-
tors, one apprentice, one peon.
Area, 2,958 square miles; population 276,646.
Failure of first and second supplies
of animal lymph.
56. The first and second supply of animal lymph sent to this district
from Akola failed, probably due to the contents
of the tubes having undergone some decompo-
sition during transit. The next supply sent was humanized, which proving
successful, vaccination was started on the 10th October.
Number vaccinated.
57. The total number vaccinated was 8,335,
or 157 over the previous year. Of these, 7,386
proved successful, or 93.9 per cent.
Number verified.by Native Superin-
tendent.
58. Work was performed in 668 villages, of which the Superintendent
visited 307. During the season he travelled at
the rate of 7.2 miles a day.
Opposition to vaccination in village
of Roda.
59. The Superintendent reports that there are some places in the
district where he was not able to induce the
people to submit to vaccination, and he specially
mentions the village of Roda, where he states that not a single case has been
vaccinated since the department was created.
Work of vaccination staff.
60. The staff is reported to have worked
satisfactorily.
B152—5
( 10 )
Cost of each successful case.
61. The cost of each successful case was
5 annas and 7 pies.
Native Superintendent recommend-
ed, for pension.
62. The Native Superintendent, Mr. Govind Sukojee, has been nearly
eight years in the department as Superinten-
dent, having come to Berar from the Bombay
Vaccination Department, in which he served 18 years. He has done good
service in Berar, but having become physically unfitted for the work, his
pension papers have lately been sent in.
Akola District.
Strength of establishment—area and
population.
63. 1st Class Native Superintendent Mr. Shams-ud Deen; one Head
Vaccinator, three 1st Class Vaccinators, two
2nd Class Vaccinators, five 3rd Class Vaccina-
tors, one apprentice, two peons.
Area 2,260 square miles; population 480,657.
Number vaccinated.
64. The total number vaccinated in this district during the year under
review.amounts to 16,631 operations, showing
an increase of 5,568 over the work of the preced-
ing year. The ratio per cent. of success was 93. , against 82.6 in the previous
year, and the percentage of unknown cases 5.7.
Number of villages inspected by
Native Superintendent.
65. Out of 781 villages in which work was performed, 355 were visited
by the Superintendent, who verified 54.0 per
cent. of the total vaccinated in his district,
travelling 1,031 miles, or at the rate of 6.8 .miles a day. The average work
done by each Vaccinator was 1,512, and the .cost per successful case three
annas and six pies.
Number of children under one year
successfully vaccinated.
66. The number of children vaccinated
under one year was 9,011, or 41.9 per cent. of
the birth-rate of 1879.
Higher classes of natives opposed to
vaccination.
67. The Superintendent reports that opposition is met with amongst
the higher classes of natives, and that Govern-
ment servants, though expressing willingness to
have their children vaccinated when asked, make various excuses for not
doing so when the Vaccinator goes to their houses with a supply of lymph.
This Superintendent also remarks on the difficulty experienced in carry-
ing out arm-to-arm vaccination, and suggests that some remuneration should
be given to lymph subjects taken from one village to another.
Work of vaccination staff.
68. The vaccination staff worked well, but
I had to reduce one man whom I detected
making false entries in his register.
Conduct of Native Superintendent.
69. The Superintendent, Mr. Shams-ud Deen, is intelligent and efficient
but he has a tendency to stay too much at
head-quarters and to visit places that are easy
of approach, instead of visiting systematically all parts of his district. He is
also very impunctual in the submission of returns, &c.
Buldana District.
Strength of establishment—area and
population.
70. One Head Vaccinator, Kareem-ud Deen; three 1 st Class Vaccinators,
two 2nd Class Vaccinators, three 3rd Class
Vaccinators, one apprentice, one peon.
Area 2,804 square miles; population 366,309.
(11)
Number vaccinated.
71. In this district the total number vac-
cinated was 14,505, which gives an increase of
4,747 over last year's figures.
Ratio of success.
72. The ratio of success was 93.8 per cent.,
and of unknown cases 4.9.
Work done by Native Superintend-
ent.
73. Tire Superintendent visited 383 villages out of 734 in which work
had been performed, and travelled 1,127 miles
at the rate of 7.4 miles a day. 55.9 per cent. of
the work done in the district was verified.
Number of children under one year
successfully vaccinated.
74. The number of children under one year vaccinated was 7,354, or
56.3 per cent. of births of 1879. The cost per
successful case was three annas eight pies.
People in most of the towns and
large villages opposed to vaccination.
75. The Superintendent reports opposition in most of the towns
and larger villages, and urges the necessity
of the village authorities being compelled to
assist the Vaccinators in the performance of
their duties.
Conduct of vaccination staff.
76. The general conduct of the Vaccina-
tors has been good, and the quality of the lymph
used excellent.
Commendation to Native Superin-
tendent.
77. Head Vaccinator Kareem-ud Deen is energetic and hard-working,
and the increase in the out-turn of work over
last year is creditable to him. He must endea-
vour, however, to cultivate a little more of the
suaviler in modo in his dealings with the people.
CHAPTER VII.
GENERAL REMARKS.
Supervision by General Superin-
tendent.
78. During my tour, I examined vaccination work in five districts,
and was fairly satisfied with what I saw. Careless
vaccination was the exception, and the lymph,
generally, was excellent. In any circle where
the lymph was weak, or appeared to have degenerated, a new supply of
either animal or good humanized lymph was immediately introduced.
Necessity of frequent and careful
inspection of vaccination work.
79. In order to secure honest returns, frequent and careful inspection
of the work done by each Vaccinator is neces-
sary ; and in this respect District Superin-
tendents must needs be somewhat more energetic.
The attitude and feeling of the
people as regards vaccination.
80. Little direct opposition is met with to vaccination in Berar, still
the people are apathetic and will not avail
themselves freely of its protective power.
Brahmins, Rajputs, and Mahomedans are the
most difficult to induce to get their children vaccinated, and I have noticed
that even the educated Brahmins in Government employ passively oppose
the work, and won't willingly, as a rule, have their children operated upon.
It is surprising that this section of the community, who have so freely
availed themselves of the means of education offered them by Government,
should not yet have learnt the practical benefits of vaccination.
In some few villages and towns, opposition is still met with, but they
are the exception and could easily be overcome by the personal influence
of district officials.
(12
)
During epidemics people easily sub-
mit to vaccination.
81. Epidemics of small-pox have been shown to recur in this country
periodically, about every fourth or fifth year.
At these times people will submit to vaccina-
tion readily, but when the disease has passed
away, they become careless and either neglect or refuse to have their, children
vaccinated, so that the intervals between epidemics are not employed
as they ought to be in protecting the greatest possible numbers. I would
therefore suggest that Deputy Commissioners should have the power of
insisting on vaccination within their respective districts, and that it should
be compulsory on all Government servants to have their children vaccinated.
Immunity from small-pox of persons
successfully vaccinated.
82. During my tour over the greater part of the province, I did not
meet with a single child pitted with small-pox
in whom the vaccine cecatrices were well
marked. I saw children with small-pox pits
and bad vaccine marks, but these were cases which had been vaccinated
after they had suffered from small-pox—cases. of re-vaccination—and conse-
quently the vaccination had been a failure.
In the schools I have visited, I found that most of the boys who did
not bear the marks of vaccination were pitted with small-pox.
Epidemics of small-pox.
83. It may, I think,be safely asserted that if every one were vaccinated
there, would be no more epidemics of small-
pox. That it diminishes the mortality from the
disease cannot be doubted, and which the subjoined table goes to prove:—
TABLE No. VI.—Showing the ratios of mortality from small-pox and the number success-
fully vaccinated for the last 12 years:—
Years.
1867-68 ...
1868-69 ...
1869-70 ...
1870-71 ...
1871-72 ...
1872-73 ...
1873-74 ...
1874-75 ...
1875-76 ...
1876-77 ...
1977-78 ...
1878-79 ...
Death rate
per mille of
population.
1.8 ...
3.6 ...
.6...
.2...
3.8 ...
3.8 ...
.5 ...
.4 ...
.2 ...
2.9 ...
2.7...
.03 ...
Number success-
fully vaccinated.
1,575
8,123
6,760
17,476
29,802
35,478
31,797
45,998
52,468
68.929
83,019
48,764
In comparing these figures it will be necessary to follow the course of
the different epidemics of small-pox, contrasting the dates of the parallel
years in each epidemic.
Decline in the mortality in 1877-78-
79, compared with 1872-73-74, due to
benefits derived from vaccination.
84. In 1869 an epidemic was at its height,
which subsided in 1871. In 1872, another
out-break occurred which declined in 1876,
and a third in 1877, which died out in 1879.
The decline in the, mortality in 1877-78 and 1879, compared with
1872-73-74, must be attributed to the benefits derived from vaccination.
Assistance rendered by District
Officers.
85. I have to express my thanks to the Deputy Commissioners of
Districts for the assistance rendered me during
the year. I would venture to remark, however,.
that Tahsildars might do more in the interests
of vaccination than they now do, for without the cordial assistance of these
officers and also of the village authorities, we cannot expect to press the
work home amongst the people.
( 13 )
Commendation to Tahsildars.
86. In conclusion, I would bring to notice
the following Tahsildars who have rendered
active assistance to the department:—
Ambadas Santu, of Yeotmal.
Seshachalam, of Wun.
Khaja Badr-ud Deen, of Pusad.
Saadat Meer Khan, of Chikhli.
Commendation to Mr. Bapu Rao,
Native Superintendent of vaccination.
87. 1st Class Native Superintendent Mr. Bapu Rao accompanied me
during my tour, and rendered me much assist-
ance in examining and checking village regis-
ters and in the several enquiries made regarding
vaccination, registration, and sanitation. He is willing, intelligent, and well
informed, and as a Superintendent of Vaccination every confidence can be
placed in his ability.
C. LITTLE, M. D.,
Offg. Superintendent of Vaccination,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
B152—6
( 3 )
A.—VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT No. I.—Showing particulars of Vaccination in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts during the year 1879-80.
Number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Districts.
2
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun ... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total of Province ...
Population of district according to
census of 1867.
3
501,331
238,356
323,689
276,646
480,657
366,309
2,186,988
Average population per square mile.
4
181
245
82
94
181
130
136
Average number of Vaccinators em-
ployed throughout the season.
5
10
5
9
7
11
8
50
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
Male.
Female.
Total.
6
6,173
4,315
4,879
4,299
8,388
7,236
35,290
6,171
3,924
4,874
4,036
8,243
7,269
34,517
12,344
8,239
9,753
8,335
16,631
14,505
69,807
Average number of persons vaccin-
ated by each Vaccinator.
7
1,234
1,648
1,084
1,190
1,512
1,813
1,396
Primary vaccination.
Total.
8
12,342
8,237
9,688
8,335
16,626
14,503
69,731
Successful.
Under 1 year.
9
6,582
5,982
5,929
5,548
9,011
7,354
40,406
Over 1 and un-
der 6 years.
10
4,157
1,392
2,822
1,799
5,572
5,499
21,241
Total of all ages.
11
10,803
7,414
8,788
7,386
14,687
12,931
62,009
Re-vacci-
nation.
Total.
12
2
2
65
...
5
2
76
Successful.
13
...
2
36
...
3
1
42
Percentage
of success-
ful cases.
Pr i
mar y.
14
93.4
94.2
95.4
93.9
93.0
93.8
94.
Re-vaccination.
15
...
100.
55.4
...
60.
50.
55.3
Persons successfully vaccinated per
1,000 of population.
16
21.5
31.1
27.1
26.7
30.6
35.3
28.3
Average an-
nual number
of persons
successfully
vaccinated
during pre-
vious 5 years.
Number.
17
10,124
8,756
8,813
7,775
11,543
8,986
55,998
Ratio per 1,000.
18
20.2
36.7
27.2
28.1
24.
24.5
25.6
Average an-
nual number
of deaths from
small-pox
during pre-
vious 5 years.
19
987
201
301
222
455
677
2,845
Ratio per 1,000.
20
1.9
.8
.9
.8
.9
1.8
1.3
B152—7
( 4 )
A.—VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT No. II.—Showing the cost of the Department in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts during the year 1879-80.
No.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Circles and Districts.
2
Amraoti ... ... ...
Ellichpur ... ... ...
Wun ... ... ...
Basim ... ... ...
Akola ... ... ...
Buldana ... ... ...
Total of Province ...
Establishment.
Superintendent General.
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Superintendents of Circles.
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Deputy Superintendents.
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Native Superintendents.
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
Vaccinators.
Head Vaccinators.
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1st Class Vaccinators.
8
2
2
1
1
3
3
12
2nd Class Vaccinators.
9
2
1
1
2
2
2
10
3rd Class Vaccinators.
10
6
1
5
3
5
3
23
Apprentices.
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
Chaprasees and other servants.
12
1
1
1
1
2
1
7
Expenditure.
Pay of Establishment.
13
Rs.
2,918
2,072
2,331
2,453
3,107
2,859
15,742
a.
14
2
8
10
0
0
3
p.
3
8
1
8
1
0
9
Travelling allowance.
14
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Contingencies.
15
Rs.
121
121
121
121
121
121
726
a.
2
2
2
2
2
2
14
p.
5
4
4
4
4
4
1
Total cost.
16
Rs.
3,040
2,193
2,452
2,574
3,228
2,980
16,469
a.
0
5
10
13
2
2
1
p.
8
0
5
0
5
4
10
Paid from
Imperial funds.
17
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Provincial funds.
18
Rs.
3,040
2,193
2,452
2,574
3,228
2,980
16,469
a.
0
5
10
13
2
2
1
p.
8
0
5
0
5
4
10
Local funds.
19
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Municipalities.
20
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Native States.
21
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total.
22
Rs.
3,040
2,193
2,452
2,574
3,228
2,980
16,469
a.
0
5
10
13
2
2
1
p.
8
0
5
0
5
4
10
Number of all successful vaccination and re¬
vaccination.
23
10,803
7,416
8,824
7,386
14,690
12,932
62,051
Average cost of each successful case.
24
Rs.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a.
4
4
4
5
3
3
4
p.
6
9
4
7
6
8
3
( 5 )
B.—DISPENSARY VACCINATION.
STATEMENT No. III.—Showing Dispensary Vaccination in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts during the year 1879-80.
Districts.
1
Amraoti ... ... ...
Ellichpur ... ... ...
Wun ... ... ...
Basim ... ... ...
Akola ... ... ...
Buldana ... ... ...
Total ...
Number of
dispensaries
in each dis-
trict to which
a Vaccinator
is attached.
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Average num-
ber of Vacci¬
nators attach-
ed to dispen-
saries during
the season.
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total number
of persons
vaccinated.
4
644
712
200
104
408
305
2,373
Average num-
ber of persons
vaccinated by
each Vacci-
nator.
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Primary vaccination.
Total.
6
631
690
200
98
408
280
2,307
Successful.
Under one
year.
7
272
445
127
24
251
134
1,253
One and
under six.
8
225
172
49
33
90
108
677
Total of
all ages.
9
505
618
181
57
348
242
1,951
Re-vaccination.
Total.
10
13
22
...
6
...
25
66
Successful.
11
10
18
...
6
...
25
59
Percentage of success¬
ful cases.
Primary.
12
80.0
89.6
90.5
58.2
85.3
86.4
84.5
Re-vacci¬
nation.
13
76.9
81.8
...
100.
...
100.
89.4