NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
40
STATEMENT B.
Statement showing the number of paying patients treated in the Indian Mental Hospital at Kanke (Ranchi) during the
period from 1st January 1940 to 31st March 1940 and the year 1940-41 with the two previous years.
Year.
1st January 1940
to 31st March
1940.
1940-41 ...
1939 ...
1938
...
Remaining on 1st
January.
Male.
43
49
43
56
Female.
17
17
19
18
Total.
65
66*
62
74
Admitted.
Male.
4
8
7
8
Female.
. ..
12
4
11
Total.
4
20
11
19
Re-admitted.
Male.
...
3
5
6
Female.
...
1
...
1
Total.
...
4
5
7
Total treated.
Male.
52
60
55
70
Female.
17
30
23
30
Total.
69
90
78
100
Discharged and
transferred.
Male.
3
7
7
25
Female.
...
5
6
10
Total.
3
12
13
35
Died.
Male.
...
1
...
2
Female.
...
1
...
1
Total.
...
2
...
3
Remaining on the
31st December.
Male.
49
62
48
43
Female.
17
24
17
19
Total.
66†
76‡
65
62
Daily average
strength.
Male.
46.94
47.03
40.63
46.29
Females.
16.76
17.14
16.87
16.92
Total.
63.70
64.17
57.50
63.22
Remarks.
* Remaining on 31st March 1940.
† Remaining on 31st March 1941.
‡ Remaining on 1st April 1940.
P. C. DAS, M.B.,
Superintendent,
Indian Menial Hospital,
Kanke (Ranchi)
BGP ( IMH) 1—553—31-3-1942—HDB
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS
OF
VACCINATION IN BURMA
FOR
The year 1899-1900.
RANGOON:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA.
1900.
[Price,—Re. 0-8-0=9d.]
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS
OF
VACCINATION IN BURMA
FOR
The year 1899-1900.
RANGOON:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA.
1900.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
RESOLUTION ON THE REPORT ON VACCINATION IN BURMA,
1899-1900.
Delay due to late submission of returns... ... ...
General results... ... ...
Degree of protection ... ... ...
Comparative results by districts
...
...
...
...
...
...
Dispensary vaccinations ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination in the Shan States ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination in Rangoon ... ... ... ... ...
Verification of results ... ... ... ... ... ...
Financial ... ... ... ... ...
General remarks ... ... ... ... ...
Para.
1
2
3
4
5 6
7
8
9
10
Page.
1
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
2
ib.
ib.
ib.
3
REPORT ON VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR
1899-1900.
Delay in submission of report ... ... ... ...
Average number of vaccinators employed... ... ... ...
Vaccination and small-pox mortality... ... ... ...
Vaccination in municipalities ... ... ... ...
Vaccination in districts outside towns ... ... ... ...
Cost of the vaccination department ... ... ... ...
Primary operations performed ... ... ... ...
Particulars of verification in each district ... ... ... ...
Verifications in districts by individual officers... ... ... ...
Frauds detected at inspections ... ... ... ...
Attitude of people towards vaccination ... ... ... ...
Compulsory vaccination
...
...
...
...
The Burma Vaccination Law Amendment Act... ... ... ...
Inoculation throughout the province ... ... ... ...
Lymph supply ... ... ... ...
General remarks ... ... ... ...
Para.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Page.
1
ib.
2
5
9
11
12
ib.
ib
ib.
13
ib.
ib.
14
ib.
16
APPENDICES.
A.— Vaccination Department.
Statement No. I.—Showing particulars of vaccination in the Province of Burma for the year
1899-1900... ... ... ...
Statement No. II.—Showing the cost of the department in the Province of Burma for the
year 1899-1900... ... ... ... ...
Page.
iii.
v.
B.—Dispensary Vaccination.
Statement No. III.—Showing dispensary vaccination in the Province of Burma for the year
1899-1900... ... ... ...
Statement No. IV.—Showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated and the number of
those persons who were successfully vaccinated in the Province of Burma in each of the
undermentioned official years ... ... ... ... ...
Statement No. V.—Showing particulars of vaccination verified by Inspecting Officers in the
Province of Burma... ... ... ...
Statement VI.—Showing the number of vaccinations verified by Civil Surgeons and Super-
tendents of Vaccination in the Province of Burma for the year 1899-1900 ... ... ... ... ...
Appendix B.—Annual report on the working of Taunggyi Vaccine Depôt for 1899-1900... ... ...
Appendix I.—Expenditure on Vaccine Depôt, Taunggyi, for the year 1899-1900... ... ... ...
Appendix II.—Statement showing the distribution of glycerine vaccine from Vaccine Depôt
at Taunggyi during the year 1899-1900 ... ... ... ...
vi.
ix.
x.
xi.
xiii.
xxi.
xxii.
RESOLUTION
ON
NOTES ON THE
STATISTICS OF VACCINATION IN BURMA
For the year 1899-1900.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma in the General Department, No. IZ.-14, dated
the 25th August 1900.
READ—
The Notes and Statistics of Vaccination in Burma for the year 1899-1900.
THIS report, which was due in this office on the 31st May, was received in
manuscript on the 17th July and in print on the 6th August. As in the previous
year the returns from Hanthawaddy were latest of all. The officers responsible
for the delay should be called to account. The report is an interesting one, but
the Lieutenant-Governor is compelled to take exception to its length. The pro-
gress and state of vaccination in the province should be fully dealt with in the
triennial report. For intermediate years the returns should merely be accompanied
by a brief note for the purpose of elucidating the figures in the returns.
General results.
2. There has been a slight increase in the number of vaccinators employed,
and an almost proportionate increase in the number
of persons vaccinated, which has risen from 466,308
to 490,887. An unsatisfactory feature of the report is that the increase in the num-
ber of re-vaccinations is comparatively greater than the rise in the total of primary
vaccinations. In Mandalay district the total number of re-vaccinations rose from
1,627 in the previous year to 8,508 in the year under review, the number of
primary vaccinations declining from 17,466 to 15,780, while Henzada, Amherst
Tavoy, and the Ruby Mines also show an increase under this head out of all
proportion to the rise in the number of primary vaccinations. The Lieutenant-
Governor fully endorses the Superintendent-General's view that more attention
should be devoted to primary vaccination. Fourteen native supervisors were
employed as against 12 in the previous year. A much larger number seems to be
required if supervision is to be at all adequate.
Degree of protection.
3. The statistics which deal with the comparative effects of vaccination upon
the mortality from small-pox are still far from satis-
factory. No useful results can be deduced from
them. In Sandoway, for example, over 13,000 persons are said to have been suc-
cessfully vaccinated per 10,000 of population during the last seven years. About
one-fifth of the population are said to have been annually vaccinated, yet the
number of successful re-vaccinations is shown as 11 during the year under review
and 13 the previous year, while the percentage of successful vaccinations to the
total number of survivals among children of one year and under was only 50.26
in 1899-1900. Comment was made in last year's Resolution upon the inaccuracy
4
RESOLUTION ON NOTES ON THE STATISTICS OF VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1899-1900.
some extent outbreaks of the disease such as occurred in Rangoon during the
year under report.
Sir Frederic Fryer has read with interest Captain Williams' account of the
year's work at the Taunggyi Vaccination Depôt. There seem to be consider-
able disadvantages about this locality. The Superintendent-General's proposals
for moving the depôt are awaited. It would be interesting to learn to what extent
the progress of vaccination varies in different districts with the prevalence of the
custom of inoculation.
Colonel Little's interesting report is necessarily marred by the unreliability
of the statistics furnished. Not only has the population increased greatly since
the last census, upon the figures of which the calculations in these reports have to
be based, but the unaccountable variations in the returns from different districts
give ground for thinking that many vaccinators, where supervision is lax, falsify
the statistics so as to make their work appear greater and more successful than it
is. District Superintendents should be specially requested to apply more search-
ing tests to the returns of their subordinates.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Burma,
R. E. V. ARBUTHNOT,
Officiating Secretary.
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS
OF
VACCINATION IN BURMA
For the year 1899-1900.
IN accordance with instructions contained in Government of India Home
Department letter No. 28-1579—95, dated the 15th July 1887, the returns of
vaccination in Burma for the year 1899-1900 are submitted with brief notes.
Delay in submission.
The delay in the submission of these notes and returns is mainly due to the
figures given in the report from the Health Officer
of the Rangoon Municipality being incorrect.
The reports from the following officers were late :—
Designation of officer.
Health Officer, Rangoon Municipality
...
...
...
...
Sanitary Officer, Rangoon Cantonment
...
...
...
Civil Surgeon, Prome
...
...
...
...
Civil Surgeon, Amherst
...
...
..*
...
Civil Surgeon, Hanthawaddy district
Date of receipt of report.
23rd May.
26th May.
26th May.
1st June.
19th June.
Statement No. I.
2. No change has been made in the area of operations. The average num-
ber of vaccinators employed was 188 against 177
in the year preceding that under review.
Sandoway
... ...
Tavoy ... ...
Amherst
...
...
Shwebo ... ...
5,109
4,944
4,541
3,949
Although the total number of persons vaccinated has increased from 466,308
in 1898-1899 to 490,887 in the year under report, yet the average number
vaccinated by each vaccinator has declined slightly, the number per vaccinator
for the two years being 2,635 and 2,611 respectively.
The highest averages are returned by the districts
noted in the margin. The number of operations
performed by some individual vaccinators is suspici-
ously high, due apparently to false or, according to Civil Surgeons' nomenclature,
" exaggerated " returns.
(a) Primary vaccination.—Of the 490,887 vaccinations performed, 456,762
were primary operations against 439,050 in 1898-1899. The total of all ages suc-
cessfully vaccinated has increased from 415,836 in 1898-1899 to 432,622 in the
year under report. Of the total number protocted 94,881 or 20.77 were classed
as six years of age and over as against 19.63 last year. The number of infants
under one year of age successfully vaccinated is 129,377 or 8,906 in excess of
the number protected in 1898-1899. This increase in infantile vaccination would
perhaps account for the decrease in the number over one and under six years of
age, which fell from 209,159 in 1898-1899 to 208,364 in 1899-1900.
(b) Re-vaccination.—The number of re-vaccinations has increased from 27,258
in 1898-99 to 34,125 in the year under report. In looking over the amount
of work done under this head during the past, re-vaccinations would appear to have
steadily risen year by year since 1896-1897, and now stand higher than in 1895-
1896, when in the Resolution on the Vaccination Report for that year the Chief
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS OF VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1899-1900.
3
TABLE I.
Official year.
1884-85... ... ... ...
1885-86... ... ... ...
1886-87... ... ... ...
1887-88... ... ... ...
1888-89... ... ... ...
1889-90... ... ... ...
1890-91... ... ... ...
1891-92...
...
...
...
1892-93...
...
...
...
1893-94...
...
...
...
1894-95... ... ... ...
1895-96... ... ... ...
1896-97... ... ... ...
1897-98... ... ... ...
1898-99... ... ... ...
1899-1900... ... ... ...
Ratio per 10,000
successfully
vaccinated.
199.50
l34.60
146.90
167.00
197.90
266.70
243.60
214.20
257.90
303.50
353.80
448.90
554.40
586.70
652.50
678.10
Quinquennial
mean.
169.18
257.18
519.26
Calendar
year.
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
Ratio per 10,000
of mortality from
small-pox.
16.70
5.80
.30
.60
1.60
7.70
10.10
2.90
3.20
6.80
3.80
3.40
3.70
4.30
10.70
13.20
Quinquen-
nial
mean.
5.00
6.14
5.18
The figures in the above table go to show that vaccination has as yet made
but little impression in reducing small-pox mortality. This possibly may in a
measure be accounted for by improved registration, small-pox deaths being now
more accurately reported than when registration was first introduced. The last
20 years, taken in quinquennial periods, give the following results:—
Quinquenium.
Protection per 1,000 of
population,
(Quinquennial mean.)
1880—85... ... ...
1885—90... ... ...
1890—95... ... ...
1895—1900... ... ...
Small-pox mortality per
1,000 of population.
(Quinquennial mean.)
14.23
18.26
27.46
58.41
0.86
0.32
0.54
0.71
The highest death-rate from small-pox in the last 20 years was registered in
the year 1880, when a mortality rate of 1.73 per 1,000 was recorded. The next
highest rate (1.67) was in 1884 and the third highest (1.32) in the year under
review.
Vaccination and small-pox mor-
tality.
(b) Diagrams.
The annexed diagram showing the proportion of population protected during
the seven years ending March 1900 and the death-
rate from small-pox for the calendar year is given as
required by Government of India, Home Department
(Sanitary), letter No. 48, dated the 8th February 1894.
4
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS OF VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1899-1900.
Diagram showing the proportion of population protected during the seven official years from 1893-94 to 1899-1900 and death-rate
from
small-pox during the calendar year 1899 in districts where registration is in force.
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS OF VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1899-1900.
5
From this diagram it will be seen that about one-third of the population of
Burma is protected against small-pox by vaccination, and though the diagram
shows that generally small-pox mortality is low in the best vaccinated districts,
yet districts with very similar protection show very variable death-rates. In
Sandoway district more than the total population is shown to have been protected
in the last seven years, yet the death-rate from small-pox is four per 10,000 as
compared with .4 for Mergui, where about half the population are shown as protect-
ed. Mergui and Amherst reach the same measure of protection, 4,800 per
10,000, but the ratio of deaths from small-pox was 4 for Mergui and 12 for
Amherst. Rangoon, which comes third highest as regards protection, 6,200 per
10,000, returns far away the highest mortality from small-pox, 51.0. No conclu-
sion can therefore be deduced from this diagram beyond the fact above stated
that small-pox mortality is low in the best vaccinated districts.
Vaccination in municipalities.
4. Table II showing the work done, and the average cost of each suc-
cessful vaccination in municipal towns is given in
compliance with instructions contained in Govern-
ment of India Home Department letter No. 191, dated the 26th August 1892.
2
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS OF VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1899-1900.
7
During the triennium referred to in the table there has been a steady decline
in the total amount of work done as well as in the number of primary successful
operations in ten of the 41 towns named. The explanations offered in the majo-
rity of cases are unsatisfactory. At Myanaung, Mergui, Kyaikto, Shwebo, Sagaing,
Pyinmana, and Myingyan the usual excuse, a paucity of subjects, is pleaded.
The percentage of success obtained in primary vaccination is, however, better
than in the preceding years at most of these stations. The reduction at Mônywa
is due to the work done by municipal vaccinators outside town limits being
included in the figures for the district in accordance with orders on the sub-
ject. The Ramree Municipality ceased to exist after the 31st August 1899 and
the work done after that done in the town has been included in the district re-
turns. At Akyab the number vaccinated has declined and the number of success-
ful primary vaccinations has fallen to nearly equal the number protected in 1897-
98, while the percentage of success is less than in the two previous years, when
it was 97.62 and 100.00 respectively, having been reduced to 95.98. At Pegu.
Ma-ubin, Moulmein, Thatôn, Toungoo, Taungdwingyi, and Kyauksè the total
number vaccinated after showing an improvement in 1898-99, has fallen below the
number returned for 1897-98. Of the six stations just named, Moulmein alone
shows an improvement in the percentage of successful primary cases over that of
the preceding two years. The falling off at Rangoon is dealt with in paragraph
4(b).
The work done in the Yandoon, Ngathainggyaung, Zalun, Bhamo, and Salin
Municipalities has improved steadily in quantity and quality. While the quantity
of work done in Prome, Minbu, and Pagan has increased, the percentage of suc-
cess secured in primary vaccinations shows a falling off. At Letpadan and
Thônzè likewise there is an increase in numbers vaccinated, but the amount of
protection secured has declined slightly. In the towns of Bassein and Yamèthin
the number and percentage of successful primary vaccinations show improve-
ment. The ratios of success returned by Shwegyin, Mandalay, Bhamo, and
Shwebo are suspiciously high.
Town.
Tavoy
Moulmein
Mandalay
Bassein
...
...
Myanaung ...
Average
number.
... 4,391
4,310
3,679
... 3.257
3,161
The average cost of each successful case is highest at Rangoon (Rs. 1-1-4)
and Mônywa (15 annas and 7 pies). The
cost per head is excessive at Akyab,
Kyaukpyu, Pegu, and Paungdè. The vac-
cinators employed by the municipalities
named in the margin claim the largest
average number of operations.
(a) Vaccination and registered births in municipalities.—In compliance
with the orders conveyed in Government of India Home Department letter No.
89 (Sanitary), dated the 8th January 1900, as modified by Government of India
Home Department letter No. 1298, dated the 7th May 1900, the following table
is given showing the number of successful vaccinations during the year 1899-
1900, the number of births and number of survivals for the calendar year 1899 in
municipal towns.
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS OF VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1899-1900.
9
(b) Remarks on vaccination in Rangoon town.—The following table shows
the work done in the Rangoon Municipality during the past five years:—
TABLE IV.
Year.
1895-96 ...
1896-97 ...
1897-98 ...
1898-99 ...
1899-1900
Number of vaccinators
employed.
5
4
5
5
5
Average number of
operations by each
vaccinator.
7,080
5,162
2,409
2,366
1,309
SUCCESSFUL OPER-
------.
Primary.
16,083
13,559
7,616
5,516
2,457
Re-vaccina-
tion.
7,568
3,259
2,723
4,938
2,899
PERCENTAGE OF
SUCCESS.
Primary.
85.95
90.07
91.01
96.91
98.64
Re-vaccina-
tion.
45.35
58.27
74.01
80.42
71.53
Average cost of each
case.
Rs.
0
0
0
0
1
A.
3
4
7
8
1
P.
4
11
2
6
4
Protection per 1,000 of
population in pri-
mary vaccination.
...
...
42.24
30.59
29.70
Registered birth-rate
per 1,000 of popula-
tion.
...
...
17.61
18.77
17.55
From the above it will be seen that there has been a progressive decrease in
the outturn of work since 1895-96.
In his report for 1898-99, the Municipal Health Officer explained that the
decrease in numbers was due to the compulsory vaccination of adults being stop-
ped. The same explanation is advanced this year, and further that vaccination
in the Rangoon Central Jail was not performed by the municipal vaccinators as
heretofore, and that there was an increase in private vaccination by local practi-
tioners. Considering that the compulsory vaccination of adults was discontinued
early in 1896-97, and that jail vaccination is almost entirely re-vaccination, the
falling off in primary operations of 3,201 cases is not satisfactorily accounted for.
The number of births registered during the year 1899 was 3,164, and the
number of children under one year of age successfully vaccinated was 1,119, which
gives a ratio of protection of births of 35 per cent. Few children should escape
vaccination if the compulsory powers vested in the municipality in regard to vac-
cination and registration of births are fully utilized.
The average cost of each successful vaccination rose from Rs. 0-8-6 in 1898-99
to Rs. 1-1-4 in the year under report. No explanation is offered regarding this
very marked increase in the average cost.
The work performed during the year in the Rangoon Municipality cannot be
regarded as satisfactory.
Vaccination in districts outside
towns.
5. The following table showing the work done and the average cost of each
successful vaccination in districts, exclusive of munici-
pal towns, is given in compliance with instructions con-
tained in Government of India Home Department letter
No. 191, dated the 26th August 1892.
3
16
NOTES ON THE STATISTICS OF VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1899-1900.
The increase in cost was due to the addition of one attendant to the estab-
lishment and to the hire of calves at Rs. 5 per calf, which the local butcher used
previous to 1899-1900 to supply free of charge.
Considering the difficulty of obtaining a sufficient supply of calves at Taung-
gyi, and the distance the station is from the line of railway, it would be advisable
to remove the depôt to a more central station in an agricultural part of the prov-
ince where calves could be readily obtained. The station of Meiktila would
answer these requirements, where a depôt on an adequate scale might, it is sug-
gested, be instituted for the purpose of supplying the vaccination establishments
in Upper Burma with glycerinated lymph, the Rangoon depôt supplying Lower
Burma.
16. Proposals in this connection, as well as for reorganizing the entire
vaccination establishment, in order to secure better supervision, more general ex-
tension of vaccination, and better quality of work, will be submitted to Govern-
ment during the course of the current year.
RANGOON:
The 16th July 1900.
C. C. LITTLE, COOL, M.D., I.M.S.,
Superintendent-General of Vaccination, Burma,
APPENDICES.
vii.
B.—DISPENSARY VACCINATION.
STATEMENT No. III.—Showing dispensary vaccination in the Province of Burma for the year 1899-1900.
No.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
District.
2
Arakan division—
Akyab... ... ... ...
Arakan Hill Tracts ... ... ... ...
Kyaukpyu ... ... ... ...
Sandoway ... ... ... ...
Total...
Pegu division—
Rangoon
...
...
...
...
Hanthawaddy... ... ... ...
Pegu... ... ... ... ...
Tharrawaddy...
...
...
...
Prome
...
...
...
...
Total...
Irrawaddy division—
Thongwa ... ... ... ...
Bassein... ... ... ...
Henzada ... ... ... ...
Myaungmya... ... ... ...
Total...
Tenasserim division—
Amherst ... ... ... ...
Tavoy... ... ... ...
Mergui... ... ... ...
Thatôn ... ... ... ...
Tonngoo (Shwegyin)... ... ... ...
Saiween Hill Tracts ...
...
...
Total...
Number of dispensaries in each
district to which a vaccinator
is attached.
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Average number of vaccinators
attached to dispensaries during
the season.
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total number of persons vacci-
nated.
5
84
31
832
508
1,455
2,527
2,075
154
23
64
4,843
757
22
...
49
828
...
...
...
40
657
135
...
832
Average number of persons vacci-
nated by each vaccinator.
6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
PRIMARY VACCINATION.
Total.
7
29
31
812
361
1,233
192
636
151
23
64
1,066
14
13
...
49
76
...
...
...
40
97
135
...
272
Successful.
Under one year.
8
27
1
65
42
135
...
99
37
13
28
177
1
9
...
8
18
...
...
...
10
...
89
...
99
One and under six
years.
9
...
7
245
59
311
...
169
84
6
29
288
...
4
...
35
39
...
...
...
26
...
42
...
68
Total of all ages.
10
29
28
799
361
1,217
156
596
141
23
59
975
14
13
...
43
70
...
...
...
40
79
132
...
251
RE-VACCINATION.
Total.
11
55
...
20
147
222
2,335
1,439
3
...
...
3,777
743
9
...
...
752
...
...
...
...
560
...
...
560
Successful.
12
36
...
9
4
49
1,625
577
...
...
...
2,202
598
5
...
...
603
...
...
...
...
387
...
...
387
PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSFUL CASES.
Primary.
13
100.00
90.32
98.40
100.00
98.70
81.25
93.71
93.38
100.00
93.19
91.46
100.00
100.00
...
87.76
92.11
...
...
...
100.00
81.44
97.77
...
93.28
Re-vaccination.
14
65.45
...
45.00
2.73
22.07
69.59
40.10
...
...
...
58.30
80.48
55.56
...
...
80.19
...
...
...
... 68.41
...
...
69.11