478
51. Bhang does not lead to crime. Ganja and
charas consumers are in the habit of gambling.
52. As 51.
53. Excessive indulgence in any of these drugs
does not incite to unpremeditated violent crimes.
It sometimes incites to petty crimes, such as gam-
bling or theft.
54. These drugs are not used by criminals to
fortify themselves to commit a premeditated act
of violence or other crime.
55. Generally criminals mix dhatura in bhang
to further their designs. Complete stupefaction
is not induced without admixture of dhatura.
56. As 55.
57. Ganja and charas are used for smoking.
Cannot say by experience. State only on report.
58. The system is working well. Scarcely any
case of illegal consumption.
59. As 58.
60. Ganja is not produced in these districts.
Nothing is known how it is made.
61 and 62. As 60.
63 and 64. No objection.
65. Cannot propose any alteration in the taxa-
tion.
66. Have no knowledge how to distinguish the
different kinds of ganja, nor can propose any
alteration in the rates of taxation.
67. No objection.
68. Shops are established; licenses granted;
sales take place according to rules.
69. Have heard that shops are established after
the wishes of the people have been consulted.
70. There is no Native State adjoining this
district.
66. Evidence of KAZI STAD AHMAD, Zamindar, Peshawar.
1. The information that I am going to give I
have obtained from the fakirs and others who
use hemp drugs both morning and evening as
"nasha."
2. Charas is made from bhang, but not in our
country. It is imported here from Yarkand,
Kashmir and Kabul. Ganja is neither made nor
used by people here. Consequently there is noth-
ing known about it.
3. The hemp plant grows spontaneously in
abundance at Hashtnagar and Dcaba, the northern
part of the Peshawar district.
4. It is known by one name, bhang only, through-
out the district, and this name refers to exactly
the same plant.
5. Temperature of climate is said to he neces-
sary to the growth of the wild hemp. It grows
in abundance in climates like Peshawar, Kabul,
Kashmir and their neighbouring countries.
6. The wild hemp, as a rule, does not grow
densely here. Its growth is scattered.
7. The hemp plant is not cultivated in this
district for any use. The wild plant that grows
here is used as bhang, and its extract prepared by
boiling is mixed up with sugar and called majum,
which is used to stupefy children when they are
going to be circumcised, and also to produce sleep
when it is wanted.
8. There has been no increase or decrease
recently, as far as I know, in the growth of the
wild bhang. It grows to the same extent now
as it did twenty years or so ago.
9. There are no particulars to be given regard-
ing its cultivation except that the new plants
which come forth grow from the seeds falling
from those which have attained their maturity.
10. As there is no cultivation of hemp in this
part of the country, so there is no special class of
its cultivators.
14. (c) Bhang, which is produced from the
wild plant, is prepared at Hashtnagar and Doaba,
and brought down by people for sale to the con-
tractor, but to what extent it is not known.
16. Bhang is prepared by people in their houses
and by fakirs at takias. It can be prepared from
the hemp plant wherever grown.
17. The only preparation, majum, made of the
hemp drug in this part of the province, is made by
the contractor only.
18. The bhang drug deteriorates, it is said, by
keeping in damp and cold places. The only
measures taken to prevent deterioration are to
keep it in warm and dry places.
19. Charas, as far as I have been able to find
out, is used only for smoking in our country.
20. Fakirs, as a rule, and a few respectable and
well-off persons smoke charas, the former in takias
and the latter in their houses.
22. There is no native charas here. The foreign
charas used is imported from Yarkand, Kashmir
and Kabul.
23. Bhang in its original state is never used
here for smoking.
24. The people who drink bhang, as a rule,
belong to poor classes. There are very few re-
spectable men who use it. They indulge them-
selves in wine and spirituous liquors.
25. The use of bhang and charas is neither on
the increase nor on the decrease. It is in the
same state now as it was twenty years ago.
26. The proportion of the consumers of each of
the four classes asked may be ascertained from
the contractor. It is not known to us.
27. The people who are in the habit of using
the bhang drug belong to low classes, and it is
the association with fakirs and visit to public
places—brothels, etc.—which lead people to this
habit.
28. The average allowance and cost of each of
these drugs to a habitual moderate consumer is a
pice only, and to a habitual excessive consumer,
an anna per diem.
29. The ingredients ordinarily used with bhang
are almonds, poppy seeds and cardamoms. These
are mixed with hemp only by those people who
are well-off. Fakirs and poor people use it alone.
30. Bhang is generally taken in company, and
its consumption is mainly confined to the male
sex, and is practised at any time of life. Little
children are never given any of these drugs except
at the time of circumcision, and this practice
prevails among Musalmans only.
31. The habit of consuming any of those drugs