236
the sexual act becomes protracted at the
time.
After all, on account of excessive use, the humours
become dried, and cause injury. With bhang
almonds, bael seeds and seeds of melons are used.
30. Used both in company and. in privacy,
mostly by Hindus; their children also use it.
31. People become easily habituated. Habitual
use can be left off gradually. By habit, more
and more is required to produce intoxication.
32. Not used by Muhammadans. Those people
who use it religiously must know it also whether
they use it in small or large quantities ; but in
both cases these drugs are injurious. The higher
centres are affected, weakness of sight is produced.
36. I consider that those who use these drugs
must begin to take liquor. Alcohol, if taken in
a dilute state, is more delicious, and makes a person
more merry.
37. Charas causes dryness of the brain, asthma,
and itching of the skin. Ganja causes these
symptoms in a less degree. Charas and ganja
cause instantaneons intoxication, and bhang takes
a longer time.
39. Ganja and charas ought to be given with
almonds or jadwar and other wet things ; cause
dryness and produce sonda ; cause insanity ; ought
to be given in small quantities.
40. Hakims give it to Hindus with other
medicines ; never to Musalmans. They also give
it to cattle.
41. Causes the humours to dry. Is. digestive,
gives staying-power, and prevents fever. Hindus
use it, not Musalmans.
42. In our opinion and experience it is useful
to other religious people, never to Muhammadans.
44. Charas and ganja cause intoxication even
in moderate doses. Bhang causes intoxication
gradually and merriment, and increases appetite.
Effects come on in three hours. If a habituated
person does not get it, he becomes miserable in
the extreme. After-effects are weakness of the
brain and heart, lungs, stomach and liver.
45. Moderate use produces noxious effects on
physical, mental and moral powers ; disorders con-
stitution, and impairs digestion and loss of appetite ;
causes dysentery, bronchitis, and asthma. Con-
sumers become immoral and debauched, lazy and in-
dolent. It dries up the system. Most people become
insane ; mania is the usual form ; he becomes angry
and beats people. It is temporary if properly
treated. If re-used after cure, insanity returns.
Old history can be known from relations, and can
be known also by examining the pulse and urine.
46. If used in excess, these drugs are very in-
jurious.
47. If in moderation, it is less hereditary. If
in excess, it is hereditary.
48. See No. 47.
49. In moderation aphrodisiac. Prostitutes use
it for this purpose, but the effect is only temporary.
Those who use ganja become impotent.
50. Excessive use of any of these drugs causes
insanity, dysentery, weakness of sight, brain
diseases, such as epilepsy, facial paralysis, diseases
of the heart, lungs, bronchitis, asthma, etc.
56. Ganja, if administered with almond oil,
causes less harm ; if used in excess, it is injurious.
Ganja may be used in combination with dhatura,
nux-vomica, etc. Dhatura is cooling and drying in
the 4th degree. Its correctives are black pepper,
ajwain, etc. Nuxvomica is hot and drying in the
3rd degree. Opium is cooling and drying in the
4th degree.
57. Ganja and charas not used for drinking
purposes here. Might be in other places.
168. Evidence of GOSAYEN GOPI LAL,* Native Doctor, Etawah.
1. I have read a great deal about the drugs,
and have had practical experience of their results
by giving them medically.
2. These definitions may be accepted. There
are no other local names than those here given.
3. I am acquainted personally with no such dis-
trict.
7. (d) I am only acquainted with its cultivation
in this Etawah District for its fibre. For this
purpose it is largely grown.
9. That cultivated for fibre is cultivated in the
ordinary way.
10. 1 have no experience.
14. (c) In mauzas Beta and Tattiya of the Far-
rukabad District, bhang of the best quality is
prepared to a very large extent,
16. Bhang is not generally prepared by people
in their houses. The hemp plant from which
bhang is made is a different plant altogether from
that cultivated for fibre, and it is impossible to
extract bhang from the hemp plant ordinarily cul-
tivated in the southern districts. The wild plant
grows profusely in the Etawah District ; and it
is impossible to extract intoxicating drugs from it
here. I am not acquainted with that growing in
the northern districts.
18. Charas deteriorates within a year through
the damp and cold of the rains. Ganja and bhang
deteriorate after two years. After these periods
these drugs entirely lose their effect. Charas may
be kept perfectly strong for six months, and ganja
and bhang for one year with ordinary care. How-
ever carefully kept, the chill of the rainy season is
sure to get at these drugs, and nothing can really
be done to prevent their deteriorating. Proximity
to a fire would only make them deteriorate faster.
19. Ganja and charas are used only for smok-
ing.
20. Fakirs and all people of lower castes, such
as Dhanuks, Chamars, Bhangis, smoke ganja to a
very large extent. Ahirs and Thakurs smoke
ganja to a considerable extent, but much less than
the lower castes ; Brahmins and other high castes
practically do not smoke it.
Dwellers in cities smoke far more than villagers
and cultivators. In damp places and wherever
there is muck irrigation, the use of the drug is very
much more prevalent.
21. In the Etawah District round ganja is ex-
clusively smoked.
22. Foreign charas is chiefly used. It is im-
ported from Kabul.
23. Bhang is never used for smoking.
* Invited to attend at a meeting of the Commission for oral examination, but failed to appear.