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from both wild and cultivated plants. Ganja and
charas are not prepared from wild plant.
17. There is no particular class of people.
18. Charas can be kept for four years. After-
wards it deteriorates or loses its effect. Second
year its effect is less than first year. After eight
years it totally loses its effect. The cause of de-
terioration is that its juice is dried up, and when
dried up completely it becomes useless. It can be
kept for the period above specified if placed in a
leather bag and protected from exposure. Exposed
charas loses its effect very soon. The drink pre-
pared from bhang becomes useless and injurious
in a few hours. Leaves of bhang, if protected
from rains, do not deteriorate. Old leaves are less
effective and are not liked.
19. I know nothing about ganja. Charas is
here ouly used for smoking. If the smoker can-
not get a huka, he occasionally eats a small pill
of charas; but this is not a common practice.
21. Not used here.
22. Charas is not prepared here, but it is im-
ported from Hoshiarpur and Amritsar. The va-
riety used is that produced in Yarkand.
23. Bhang is not used for smoking, although
sometimes it is smoked as a substitute for charas
but such cases are very rare.
24. No particular class of bhang-drinkers. Poor
people often use it. The total number of bhang-
drinkers is about 600 and that of charas-smokers
about 300 in the district.
25. The use of charas and bhang is on the in-
crease for the following reasons:—(1) Imitation
(2) society of bhang-drinkers; (3) cheapness of
the price; (4) strengthening nervous power.
27. No particular class of people addicted to
these habits; idleness, uncontrolled youth, evil
society, and irresistible temptation are the reasons
for contracting this habit.
23. Bhang 5 seers per day, charas -J per day,
for the whole district. For habitual moderate
consumers, § of the above amount, and for habi-
tual excessive consumers 1/3.
29. No admixture is made with charas. It is
smoked with tobacco in a buka. In bhang,
pepper, poppy seeds, aniseed, cardamom, almonds,
melon seeds, water melon seeds and loaf sugar
are mixed for the sake of flavour.
30. Generally charas and bhang are consumed
in society and by men, although to some extent
it is used by females also. Its use is not confined
to any particular period of life, and children are
not allowed to partake of them.
31. A new smoker can easily break off this
habit; but it is difficult to do so by a habitual
consumer, and generally the latter class of people
cannot break off the habit.
34. Bhang-consumers would not be put to any
serious trouble if they could not get the drug;
but for habitual charas-smokers the prohibition
would result in limb-aching and loss of appetite,
although no disease follows.
35. Prohibition would not be feasible, as the
drug will be consumed illicitly. Prohibition cannot
be enforced. False prosecutions will follow pro-
hibition and there will be no remedy. It would
not only create discontent among consumers, but
in others as well. Such discontent, however,
cannot amount to political danger, as intoxicants
are prohibited in all religions, although Hindus
sometimes partake a little of it as a mark of
reverence on some particular days. Its use can be
checked by increasing taxation; but the increase
should not be made to such an extent as to make
it as dear as liquor. It will drive consumers to
the use of alcoholic drinks.
36. To some extent alcohol is being taken for
charas and bhang. Persons who are fond of in-
toxicants would take to the use of these drugs if
alcohol were not available. The use of alcohol
is religiously prohibited, and in old times the use
of strong drink was prohibited. Its use was con-
fined to men who had no care for religion, and
who could arrange to manufacture spirits at home.
Now that liquor is publicly manufactured and sold
it is easily procurable, and as it is more tempting,
people who have a liking for intoxicants take to
liquor drinking, who would have otherwise used
bhang and charas.
41. Bhang in its first use is productive of good
appetite, but it is not digestive. Its effect is
cooling, but it is not useful to relieve exhaustion.
It is good for remittent fever and cough; also in
case of pain in the stomach. Its habitual use
loses its good effects, which are only achieved by
occasional use.
44. Bhang produces dryness and good appetite.
Its effects last for twelve hours and in some cases
for 24 hours.
Charas produces dryness and relieves sadness
and satisfies anger.
Failure to take the drugs produces limb-aching
and disquietness.
49. It is not generally used as an aphrodisiae,
although some dissipated persons and prostitutes
use it as such. It is injurious for men, and
though tonic for women, yet in excessive use it
is injurious for them also, and habitual use makes
persons weak and impotent.
51. Bad characters are not generally habitual
moderate consumers. These drugs make a con-
sumer idle and forgetful. The consumer has no
courage to commit thefts. Some of the consum-
ers are, however, gamblers.
52. A confirmed consumer is sometimes obliged
to commit thefts to procure the drugs.
53. A consumer is generally quiet, but at the
time of taking his drug, or at the time when the
effect wears off, he becomes violent on slight
provocation. Such petty cases of violence very
often occur.
54. No; it rather makes a man timid.
55. Yes; they do. Complete stupefication can
be induced by this drug without admixture.
56. No admixture is made with charas. In
bhang the admixture of bitter things reduces in-
toxication, but sweet ingredients increase its effect.
Dhatura is extremely dry, and is productive of
insanity. It is not mixed with bhang for per-
soual use; but in drinks intended for others it is
sometimes mixed by way of joke or to stupefy
in order to gain improper object.