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against it. But since then it has been resumed,
and one may see some plants even in the police
lines. If this is the case here, the increase is due
to lax police supervision.
From Cocanada the informant says that the
people formerly purchased it at the shops; but
finding the seeds of the flower grow when dropped,
they now grow all they need in the backyards.
9. One of my preachers, who lived many years
in Samalkota, tells me that an old man there culti-
vated the plant for sale, He cut out all the males,
allowed the females to ripen in flower, cut them,
and stacked them under a weight much as tobacco
is pressed. When sufficiently cured, did them up in
bundles and sold or used them. The leaves, it
seems, were shaken off, and only the flower adhered
to the stalk.
10. About Bobbili the gardener caste grow it.
In every monastery belonging to the religious
mendicants it is grown, but, being illicit, there is
no class who cultivate it specially.
14. (a) Ganja is prepared privately, and in a few
cases for illicit traffic, but only by drying. When
the devotees or mendicants meet their disciples at
little village temples, they extract a pipe full of the
flowers from their pouch, wet and squeeze them,
repeating the operation some four times, and final-
ly pressing it in a cloth till the juice seems pretty
thoroughly pressed out and the leaves well macer--
ated ; then adding from one-third to half its bulk
of tobacco they fill the pipe and light it.
(c) Bhang is simply the dried leaf mixed
with several ingredients, such as milk and spices.
These preparations extend to a limited degree
throughout the whole area mentioned, but confined
to the larger towns, say above 5,000. They are
for the most part private.
15. Ganjai for smoking as above.
A preparation is made by baking the leaves,
boiling them in ghee, and adding sugar in suffi-
- c i e n t q u a n t i t i e s t o m a k e a s o l i d c o m p o u n d m u c h
like a sweetmeat. This is eaten. The name given
it is maju.
16. Bhang is not used generally in the houses.
Only one place is known in which it is so prepared,
and that is Vizianagram, and there by a limited
number only.
18. The ganja does not keep well for more than
a year and a half. However the keeping quality
possibly depends on the preparation, and my in-
formation is not sufficient to state more.
19. Ganja is used generally only for smoking.
The seeds are sometimes chewed.
Charas is used for smoking, if used at all. When
the consumer lacks a pipe, he makes the tobacco and
ganja into a cigar with a green leaf and smokes it ;
or if he lacks time or inclination to do this, he will
sometimes mix the ganja with a paste and chew
it as they chew tobacco.
20. (1) The classes who smoke
g a n j a . — R e l i g i o u s m e n d i c a n t s , M u h a m m a d a n s ,B
rahmins, gold-
smiths and carpenters, weavers, and men of the
Vedantist sect, and soldiers and policemen who do
service in feverish districts.
(2) The proportion.—A very intelligent native
gentleman, a graduate of the Madras College
and a District Munsif, tells me that in his native
district the following are about the number
addicted to ganja in the large towns mentioned
Berhampore, 1,000 out of perhaps 25,000; Puri,
800 out of '20,000; Cuttack, 1,000 out of
30,000; and Chicacole, 700 out of 15,000,
Mr. Stillwell furnishes information gleaned from
his 100 and more students to the effect that
for ganjai of male population (adult) one in
ten, and for charas one in five. This latter estim-
-ate is certainly excessive. Mr. Garside says that
in Tuni. and Paikaraopetta, the adjacent town,
with a combined population of 10, 000, about 150
use ganjai. The Mirasidar of Yellamanchili and
a leading Vakil state that in the population of
6,000 some 300 use ganja. The use of ganja is
more excessive near the jungle districts and in the
foot hills of the Eastern Ghâts. As far as I can
gather, my opinion is that as for ganja, (1) the
religious mendicants, commonly called bairagis or
sanyasis, all use it. (2) The people attached to the
monasteries (matamalu), where these men congre--
gate in large numbers, and which is the only home
they have, also use it. Amongst these are women
and children. (3) The disciples of these men in the
villages which they habitually frequent use it, and
their numbers differ in different places. They
usually visit only larger villages of 1,000 inhabi-
tants and more, and in such places there may be
30 or more men who smoke ganja with them, (4)
Many Muhammadans are reported as using it,
so that it has passed into a proverb. When a
man desires something another does not wish to
give, he is reproved by the proverb, "Why, you
are like a Muhammadan after ganja. " (5) Of
the remainder of the people, perhaps the general
division may be between the well-to-do and the
poorer classes. The latter use ganja, the former,
bhang. Of the poorer classes, the goldsmiths,
carpenters, vendors of sweetmeats, and such people
as are of a rather unsettled habit of life, constant-
ly moving from place to place, e.g., soldiers, police,
salt and other peons, etc., use it; although, from
any information gleaned about these, I am not
convinced that the habit is at all general or even
noticeably prominent as are the habits of liquor-
drinking and opium-using.
(3) The localities.— Those mentioned jn Chapter
I, Question 1.
21. The round ganjai and the flat seem to be
generally used. The broken ganjai is not used as
an article of exchange, though by the time it is
ready for use, it is, as paragraph 14 indicates, very
much broken.
23. Mr. Garside is the only one who volunteers
information under this paragraph. He says
bhang is used for smoking by the weaver caste.
24. Mr. Still well, who speaks with the voice of
80 men, is the only one who volunteers very
much information under this head. He says it is
used by about one in ten (I presume of the adult
male population), and in both ways, but as a drink
especially in the hot season.
Two very scholarly Brahmin gentlemen, one a
teacher and the other in the Judicial Department,
tell me that Vizianagram is a notorious place for
bhang-drinking, and they know whereof they
affirm. It seems the habit has been introduced
from Benares by the pundits attached to the train
of the Maharaja as well as by the Muhammadan
quota, and has been gradually extending amongst
their intimate friends and acquaintances until the
custom has become quite prevalent. One of them
was of opinion that it was generally used in the
form of a drink mixed with milk, spices, ani--
seed, pepper-water, dried ginger, etc. The other
declared that a great many used it in the form of
a sweetmeat. As their testimony, which is very
emphatic, is corroborated by general rumour, I
am disposed to conclude that in Vizianagram more