205
sumption, except that it is extremely hard to keep
to it. The tendency is to become excessive.
43. Quite inoffensive.
44. Bhang.—Imagination is immediately stimu-
lated, and body is refreshed. Intoxication is pro-
duced. Hunger is caused. Effects last about
three hours. Lassitude and weariness and flatu-
lency are caused after. If more is not obtained
at ordinary time there is great longing.
Charas.—Limbs seem strong, and the brain
seems strong. There is also intoxication. Hunger
is allayed. Effects last one or two hours and
followed by lassitude and weariness.
The difference is that bhang drinkers get fat,
and charas smokers thin and withered,
45. Bhang.—Digestion is impaired and appetite
is diminished. Liver does not work. Dysentery
is not induced. Bronchitis is induced, and so is
asthma. Moral sense is destroyed, and immorality
is induced. People's senses are deadened, but
insanity is not produced.
Charas.—Lungs, brain, heart, liver are all
weakened. All diseases caused by drying up of
natural moisture are produced by this, as fever,
asthma, coughs. Virility is diminished. This
drug has a bad moral effect, because physical
powers are decreased, and money must be obtained
for purchase of the drug and other necessaries, and
this can only be done by illegal or immoral means.
The effect of charas is to dry up natural moisture.
The skin feels dry.
Never seen a case of perfect insanity induced
by these drugs, but often seen people with intel-
lects weakened by them.
46. The same symptoms, but much quicker.
47. Habit not hereditary, but children are in-
juriously affected.
49. Charas is used by both men and women as
an aphrodisiac, and its effect is that the act of
copulation can be prolonged. If it is only used
for this purpose it is not very injurious, but there
is danger of the habit being formed. The use of
all hemp drugs tends to produce impotence.
51. Bad characters generally use these drugs,
especially charas and ganja. People of respect-
able character will not touch these. The use of
the drugs tends to crime, as shown in an answer
above.
53. The effect of these drugs is to cause timidity
and does not cause any homicidal tendency.
54. No, as their effect is just the opposite.
55. No, because charas smells so strongly.
56. The sale should be decreased by raising
duty and price by degrees.
139. Evidence of NAIM ULLAH , Sheikh Bani Iraet, Medical Practitioner,
Aligarh.
1. I have seen effects of hemp drugs during my
practice for twenty-six or twenty-seven years in
Aligarh.
2. Definitions hold for this place. The Arabic
names are for bhang, warqul qiyal, warqul nishat,
falaq taz. Common names are bhang, sabzi, patti.
Charas is also called sulfa, which means a small
ball (of tobacco) placed in the huka and smoked
without an intervening tile.
3. Khurasan, Irak, Bengal, North-Western Pro-
vinces. In districts about here it is very rare.
Common in eastern districts.
4. There are three kinds : pahari (hill) ; butani
(grown in gardens, i.e., cultivated) ; and jangli
(wild).
19. Always for smoking.
20. Charas—smoked by Kahar, Koli, Bhangi,
Chamar, all low castes. Of Kahars about 6 per
cent.; Kolis 7 or 8 per cent., Bhangis 4 or 5 per
cent.; Chamars 4 or ft per cent.
Ganja.—The same castes and also bhishtis use
this, but it is very little used about here.
24. (b) All classes of Hindus drink it at the Holi.
Of Kayasths only about 5 per cent. use it ordinari-
ly, as they drink wine ; Banias about 50 per cent.
and Brahmins about 40 per cent. ; Thakurs about
20 per cent.; Bhangis, Chamars , and other low
classes about 10 per cent.
25. The use of charas and bhang is increasing,
because there is now no penalty attached to the
use of it as there was under former Governments.
26. (a) About half.
(b) Ditto.
(c) Very few.
(d) All Hindus at the Holi.
27. Banias are habitually excessive, because
they take no other stimulant or intoxicant.
28. (a) About one and a half or two tolas of
charas, costing 3 or 4 annas. About ¼ tola of
Bhang, costing one pie.
(J) About 2 tolas of bhang.
29. (a) Almonds, aniseed, cardamoms, black
pepper, seeds of kakri (Cucumis utilissimus) (used
in warm weather only to a small degree), cloves,
seeds of the lanka (Cucurbita lagenaria) (in the
hot weather). Cardamoms are used as digestive
and aperient,
30. Bhang is generally used in company ; charas
is used indifferently in company or alone. Prosti-
tutes are about the only women who use these
drugs. Bhang is generally used by youths, and
witness has seen children of eight or nine years
using it. Charas is also more used by young
men—by young men is meant men from 20 to 30.
31. Both charas and bhang are hard to give up.
Great tendency to become excessive consumers.
32. At the Holi and in marriages bhang is
much used. In the Holi sugar is mixed with
bhang, and this increases its intoxicating effects.
At a Bania wedding all the guests of the bride's
father receive bhang to drink. At the Holi the
use of bhang is excessive ; in weddings it is moder-
ate. About three weeks' use is required to form
the habit, There is no fear of it being formed at
weddings or the adi, and there is no harm in
these.
33. The consumption is regarded as an evil by
those who do not use these drugs. Charas is con-
sidered worst, as it has the worst effect.
34. Great privation would be caused by sudden
complete deprivation of these drugs.
35. It would be feasible to prohibit the use by
degrees, but confirmed consumers would procure
the drugs illicitly. There is no fear of any politi