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always about them followers from 500 to 1,000,
because these persons are very fond of these
things and their life, as it were, depends on their
use of these. The case with men who have families
is different. They will not find any trouble if
they are prohibited from using charas or ganja.
They would easily substitute in their place bhang,
as those who have been prohibited from using
chandu and madak have substituted opium in-
stead.
35. There would be felt some difficulty if the
use of all these drugs is at once made penal. If
it be so arranged, for instance, that the import
of ganja or of charas be stopped at first, then the
consumers will have recourse to either ganja
or charas, and thus there would be less difficulty
in putting a stop to the use of these drugs one
by one. In this way both the public convenience
and the administration will not suffer. The con-
sumers will fall back upon such intoxicating sub-
stances as bhang, tari, and juice of khajoor. The
intoxication of these is quite innocent, and in no
way injurious to the system in comparison to
ganja and charas. In support of my above sug-
gestions I draw the attention to chandu and madak.
Since the use of them is stopped, their consumers
some use opium and some charas. In the same
way, the consumers of ganja and charas will have
recourse to other substances like ganja and tari.
36. I cannot tell if any other intoxicating sub-
stance is used instead of these, but so much I know,
that tari and saindhi are also used excessively.
As quite a distinct intoxication, of course, it is
probable that if the use of ganja or charas is
prohibited its consumers will have recourse to
some other intoxicating substance.
37. The intoxication of ganja often produces
heat and burning sensation in the eyes and brain ;
charas does not produce more heat than ganja.
The intoxication of charas saljehan is good, while
that of Yarkand is bad.
33. Ganja baluchar and mora possess the same
quality of intoxication, but chur is a milder form
of it and produces less heat in the system.
39. The intoxicating substances that are obtain-
ed from the ganja plant, for instance, charas, etc.,
is only smoked in a chillum ; to use it in any
other way would be injurious, and the bhang which
is obtained from the bhang plant is only eaten or
quaffed.
40. Native physicians often prescribe bhang in
medicine more especially for external use. It is
also prescribed in cases of cattle disease.
41. The effect, good or bad, of the use of
bhang, ganja and charas is as follows :—A con-
sumer of ganja and charas does not feel satisfied
with ordinary food. By not being able to get a
superior kind of food they become thin and lean
and subjected to cough. On the other hand, the
consumers of bhang can eat with relish any sort
of food. In the case of labourers and those who
work hard, they work well when the intoxication
is on the decline, and the fatigue too is removed.
It is not a cure for any particular disease. Ganja
and charas, with the exception of Kanaujia
Brahmin, every Hindu and almost all the Muham-
madans do smoke, and they would be about 80 per
cent. Bhang is used by the Hindus of all sects
and by most of the Muhammadans. Its consumers
are about 95 per cent. Mostly the low caste men
use ganja and charas, and bhang is used among
the higher classes of Hindus.
Habitual moderate consumers use from three
mashas to five tolas, and the occasional moderate
consumers from three mashas to one tola.
42. With the exception of bhang I think the
use of ganja and charas is injurious in every way,
whether it is taken in moderate or excessive
quantities ; because ganja and charas are so much
injurious that their smoking brings on asthma,
cough, consumption. Their consumers are never
in proper senses. They become untimely old.
On the contrary bhang is not injurious ; it is
rather beneficial.
43. Wherever there are shops of ganja and
charas the occupants of the neighbouring house's
are put to much inconvenience on account of the
persons, mostly of bad character, that flock round
those shops and smoke and say indecent things,
and often behave indecently too. This is the case
with all—they are moderate or excessive consumers
—because the intoxication of ganja and charas
parches the tongue and stupefies the sense.
44. The intoxication of ganja or charas comes
on immediately after it is smoked, and exposure
to the atmospheric air increases it. Those who use
these simply to mitigate the suffering from any
cause realize their object fully from the use.
Those who smoke these daily become habituated to
them. Bhang brings on intoxication 30 minutes
after it is taken. When the intoxication goes off,
then, at the usual time of its taking, those who are
habituated to it, feel a yearning for it and feel in-
convenient if they cannot get it at that time.
45. The use of ganja and charas is extremely in-
jurious. The bad effects which their use produces on
the system are—(1) weakness and sometimes loss of
eye-sight ; (2) general debility ; (3) ghastly paleness
over the featuras ; (4) absent-mindedness, etc.
While their intoxication lasts, control does not re-
main over the senses. Even common courtesy and
natural affection suffer thereby. Loss of appetite
and heat on the liver, inactivity, and aversion from
work are the consequences.
Sometimes they cause diarrhoea, cough, bronchi-
tis and asthma. Blood also comes out in saliva.
Potency and generating power is also lost some-
times. Ultimately insanity comes on followed by
giddiness and sometimes loss of life even. Men
often die if, in the course of smoking, they with full
force breathe in the smoke, which causes suffoca-
tion and results in instantaneous death. It is
possible to give up the habit if one tries to do so
gradually. As minor effects of ganja and charas
may also be mentioned, bad smell from mouth and
disorder in the brain. The eyes by remaining red
at all times lose their lustre, liver becomes black
on account of heat and dejection, always remains
over-powering. The consumers get a lasting ten-
dency to find fault with every thing and quarrel
with every one, and nothing but indecent words
and expressions are uttered by them. This is not
the case with the consumers of bhang. They
never become a victim to any of the vices or de-
fects enumerated above. Its use is very useful to
the system. Of course, in the case of excessive
consumers, it produces dullness, but only during the
time of intoxication, while, on the other hand, it is
a great stimulant for head work. The use of
bhang is in every way far better than that of
ganja or charas.
46. As a principle the excess of every thing is
injurious, even that of daily food without which
we cannot live. Moreover, the use of ganja and
charas is expensive and brings on poverty in the
long run. A dose of ganja or charas is compara-
tively more costly than that of bhang, although