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delusion was love of adorning himself like a I
woman. There are no typical symptoms of hemp
drug insanity. It may take any form. The
same symptoms might be induced by heredity,
self-abuse, privation, poverty, loss and immorality,
or self-indulgence. I have never seen or read of
a case of injury to the head being a cause of in-
sanity, nor of epilepsy. If I had no history of
any of the six causes above mentioned, I should
attribute the insanity to hemp drugs if the patient
used any of them. I eliminated these causes in
this case before attributing it to hemp drugs,
Whether two or three drams would be an exces-
sive dose of bhang would depend on the idiosyn-
crasy of the patient. I think there was no in-
tolerance of the drug in this case. There was no
dhatura in this case. I inquired. Dhatura is
never used except accidentally unless there is cri-
minal design or an exceptional recourse to it by
excessive consumers when they have not the
hemp drug. Care is always taken to separate the
dhatura which sometimes gets in by mistake, as
bhang and dhatura grow together all the same.
A special inquiry was made, and his father was
asked whether he had taken any thing else. All
the family said he had taken nothing else at all.
Dhatura might produce temporary insanity for an
hour or two, but I have never heard or read of a
case. Bhang is a cumulative poison. The cumu-
lative action of bhang takes three to seven years
before symptoms are produced. The doses this
patient took were moderate. There was no in-
sanity in this man's family. The father never
took bhang, but he used to prepare it always for
his son. He encouraged his son on account of his
desire to satisfy him and meet his wishes. He
had taken his ordinary dose that day. The in-
toxication on that day was the same. He was
sleeping on the roof in the hot weather. I cannot
say whether there was moonlight. There was no
parapet wall. He was asleep by ten o'clock so far
as was known. He had a quarrel with his wife
after ten o'clock and before the fall. It was over-
heard. He was so violent that he jumped off the
roof without thinking of consequences. There
was no serious injury of any sort. I alone treated
him. I do not consider that he was mad before
that night. I saw no sign of madness before
that. The boy was not educated, but had average
intelligence. He was a strong, stout fellow and a
wrestler. He was an only son. His father died
about the age of ninety.
There is another case of insanity due to bhang.
About two years ago, I had a case of a young
man about 22 years of age (born 1869). He used
to take bhang habitually every day from the age
of 17 (18S6). His doses cannot be accurately
stated. He was taking it every day in moderate
or excessive doses. There was change in his
character after three years' indulgence. He was
violent to relatives and neighbours. His ideas
became perverted, worse and worse every day.
At last he became insane. He lived in my neigh-
bourhood, and I know the case from early times.
He showed symptoms every now and again of
violence. These began after about three years'
indulgence in 1889. He had occasional fits last-
ing for an hour or two. They gradually increased
in duration, until he was insane for one night or
one-day for twelve hours. Then he became per-
manently insane. That was in 1891, He was
brought to me for treatment. I attended him at
the time, and attend him still. He is worse than
ever, uncontrollable, and therefore left alone to
Nature. He lives alone shut up from his rela-
tives. He killed a man over two years ago; he
killed his brother, but it was not proved that he
did so. He was not then insane when he went
before the Magistrate. He was acquitted because
the Magistrate did not believe the accused had
killed his brother. It was in the autumn of 1891.
He answered the Magistrate quite rationally. It
was about six months after that he became insane,
in the spring of 1892, His previous violence was
known to few, and was not brought to the Magis-
trate's notice. I know of no other cause that could
have contributed to the insanity. Such insanity
may sometimes be cured if the taking of the drug
is prevented.
I saw this lad in some of the fits which I des-
cribed between 18S9 and 1891. He was talking
loudly and irrationally. After this kind of fit was
over, he was not trusted by his relatives, I am
certain there was no dhatura in his bhang; for no
one uses that drug. I cannot say that bhang is a
more frequent cause of insanity than ganja or
charas. I rather think the opposite.
Question 33 —People generally regard these
drugs as things to be abhorred. The word ' abo-
minable ', however, does not apply to bhang except
in excessive doses,
Question 35.—Arsenic (which produces heating
effects and is thought by the people to be intoxi-
cant), nux-vomica, chandu or madak would to
some extent be adopted in place of the hemp
drugs, if prohibited. They would be more ex-
pensive than any of the hemp drugs; and arsenic
is not easily available. I do not name dhatura.
It is not used.
Question 36.—I do not mean that old consumers
are giving up drugs for alcohol, but that people
choosing their intoxicant now go more to alcohol.
Question 39.—My statement regarding these
criminal cases is based on records I have seen, but
I cannot give particulars of any case now. There
are no means whatever (chemical or physical) of
detecting these poisons in the stomach. On post-
mortem examination, however, solid particles were
found. These are reported by some chemical
examiner, and quoted in a book I have, the name
of which is a Report on medico-legal cases.
Question 42.—All these symptoms are from my
own observation. I examined the spermatozoa in
urine. I do not remember what power of micros-
cope I used. I have seen spermatozoa move
about. It was not in urine, but in an emission
brought to me and shown to me. I have ex-
amined six or seven specimens of semen. In each
case I told the patient to bring an emission for
my examination. They were all cases of com-
pliant of sterility or impotence connected with
hemp drugs.
It having been pointed out to me, that I have
in one case at least shown evil effects from the
moderate use of bhang, I wish to alter my answer
No. 42 by substituting the word " minute "for
" moderate " in the last paragraph. By " minute "
I mean doses which a man may easily bear. I do
not wish to have this modification made elsewhere.
Question 47.—I was an Assistant Surgeon in
Garhwal. People use ganja there largely. There
is a great deal of goitre in Garhwal, and a great
deal of idiotcy. My experience of the connection
between idiotcy and hemp is based entirely on
Garhwal.
Question 48.— The Chaubes of Muttra are
strong men ; but not intellectually strong. No
idiotcy is found in them, but they are not intellec-
tual men. I think their intellectual powers are not
so great as they would have been without the drug