316
Brahmins use for (a) and (d) ; Muhammadans
for (d), and other classes for k b) and (d). Mod-
erate habitual use for first few years and moderate
occasional use.
42. It is injurious.
Gradual perversion of
physical and mental energy ensues.
43. Not offensive.
44. Excitement stage. Not refreshing. It
produces intoxication. The effects of the drug
last for eight to twelve hours. After stimulation,
sleep is produced. It does not produce any long- -
ing or uneasiness afterwards.
45. A habitual consumer generally exceeds mo- -
deration. Their moral sense, physical and mental
energies, though preserved for some years, will be
perverted after a time. It weakens the constitu-
- tion. It does not seem to produce loss of appetite.
Induces laziness and habits of immorality and
debauchery. Whether in moderation or excess, it
is practised by men who are in want of self-con- -
trolling powers. As insanity is not produced in
all the consumers, I think there must be some pre- -
disposing cause in the nervous system of hemp
insanes.
46. It deadens the intellect. Produces both
permanent and temporary insanity. The follow-
ing shows the types of insanity under my observa- -
tion : Out of 5 Brahmins, 1 died, 2 recovered,
and 2 remaining ; out of 3 Telagas, 1 died, 1
recovered, and 1 remaining ; out of 1 Kapu,
1 remaining ; out of 2 Velamas, 2 remaining.
The Brahmins who recovered have resumed the
use, but not yet acquired a relapse. They admit
that they were using the drug, but not attribute
the evil to their habit. Habitual excessive use is
undoubtedly injurious to health. It produces, be-
- s i d e s t h e e v i l s f r o m m o d e r a t e u s e , a n æ m i a , p i l e s ,
somnambulism, and emaciation.
47. In some the use of ganja and bhang is
hereditary. Children of moderate consumers are
not affected.
48. The result is the same as above.
49. Yes ; practised as an aphrodisiac. It is
used by prostitutes. The evil effects are the
same for whatever purpose it is used. Never
produces impotence in young. Habitual excessive
use produces impotency in advanced age in many,
i.e., from 50 years upwards. Some consumers eat
the drug for aphro<illegible>isiac properties, but the nar- -
cotic effects soon putting them into sleep enjoy
their expectations in dreams.
50. It is practised in large doses as an aphrodisiac
in the habitual consumers, i.e., to prolong the re
- t e n t i o n o f s e m e n i n s e x u a l i n t e r c o u r s e . L a r g e
doses are used by prostitutes when they get more
visitors in a day. Large doses are always at-
tended with hallucinations and delusions. There
are cases in which the consumers of large doses
having been suspected by their relatives that they
are possessed were beaten black and blue to drive
off the evil spirit flow the consumers. Inhalation
of chilly smoke is practised, nearly suffocating the
man with irritating gas. These consumers, for
fear of exposing, themselves as ganja-eaters, patient-
ly bear the tortures under the intoxication of the
drug.
51. The habitual consumers, whether in modera-
- tion or excessive in use, are generally debauch- -
ees and thieves. The former is due to aphrodisiac
properties, and the latter for the want of money
to meet the expenses of their favourite drug.
53. I have not heard or seen an y case of
homicide.
55. Complete stupefaction can be induced by
the administration of some of the preparations of
ganja, and also by ganja alone.
56. The effects of hemp vary according to the
substances mixed with it. Certain confections
prepared by native doctors contain dhatura, opium,
certain resins, almonds, walnut, musk, spices,
ghee, honey, sugar and some roots; and in some
metallic oxides and compounds are mixed, such as
oxides of iron, copper, silver, and gold. One of
the noted consumers of the confection of ganja
prepares yearly 4 maunds of the confection for his
self use. Those who eat pure ganja., one Iola
twice a. day, told me that they cannot eat this
gentleman's confection more than the size of a
hazel nut. It is made with all the roots that can
be found in the world from poisonous to inert,
with most of the native metallic preparations, with
all spices and with drugs procurable in bazaars.
This gentleman eats it twice a day, balls of the
size of a large lime.
57. Ganja is in the form generally eaten and
drunk. The effects are all the same, whether
smoked or eaten. Habitual smokers attribute the
evil effects to eating and the eaters to smoking.
61. Charas is not produced, and it is unknown
to the public here.
62. No separate cultivation for bhang.
66. Sellers of ganja and confections are to be
separately taxed. The latter sale fetches more
profit.
67. The present method of taxing ganja is not
felt by the consumers.
68. There are no licensed shops or houses for
the sale of this drug.
69. The opinion of the public would be as good
and necessary as for opening houses and shops for
other intoxicants.
Oral evidence.
I. I am a Hospital Assistant., and passed out
of the Madras Medical
,
College in 1871. From
1871 to 1875 I was in the Maharaja's employ.
since then I have been employed by the Local
Board. I have not had any special experience in
the treatment of insanity.
25. 1 have been observing ganja smokers and
ganja eaters in Bobilli and the surrounding
villages, and have noticed some increase of the
habit.
.16. I have had cases of insanity under my treat- -
ment in Bobilli, both at the dispensary and in my
private practice. Of the eleven cases I have
mentioned, nine belong to Bohilli and one to a
village near Vizianagram. There are 14,000
people in Bobilli. The Bobilli cases were cases of
insanity lasting for years, and not of a tempora-
ry kind. 1 am sure that I treated two cases from
outside Bobilli, and five of the cases which occur-
r - r e d i n B o b i l l i i t s e l f . I d i d n o t k n o w t h e p a t i e n t s
from outside Bobilli before they became insane.
I knew three of the five Bobilli patients before
they became insane. I have been seventeen years
in Bobilli. I do not think that hemp by itself
produces insanity : there must be some predisposipg -
cause. 1 do not remember any predisposing cause
in the cases I have mentioned, and I have kept
no notes. I see so many consumers of ganja who
do not become insane that I think some predis- -
posing cause is necessary to produce that result.
Many Brahmin pandits, consumers of the drugs,
are acquaintances of mine, and they are all in full