95
large ones. But they know not the distinction
between male and female hemp plants.
The lessees, or thekadars, get charas known as
kuppi* and bhar from Amritsar and Mian Mir,
where it is imported from Bokhara and Yarkand.
This charas is called bhuri.
People in Oudh know ganja by two terms " kali "†
and "chur" (powder). They don't call flat ganja
or round ganja in any of the eight districts I had
been as a Deputy Collector.
Bokhara charas is black in colour, and Yarkand
charas is brown. People like the latter, so the for-
mer is less imported now in Oudh.
3. Bahraich, Kheri, and partly in Lucknow,
Hardoi, and Sitapur.
Bahraich and Kheri has abundant, particularly
in Majhgain, Kheirigarh, Ramnagar, Barsola,
Singahi, Narrangabad, Negasan, Gharouri, Ban-
waripur, Motipur, Kuraya, Tikonia, Dhonrahra in
Kheri district, Nanpara and Bhinga in Bahraich
district, Tahsil Biswan in Sitapur district.‡
4. By bhang and ganja.
5. Damp climate and elevated soil, I know, are
essential. The rainfall is not much required. The I
rain rather injures the plant; so all lessees cut bhang
during the months of February, March, April and
May, and till commencement of rainy season.
6. Dense.
7. No.
8. 9 and 10. Hemp is not cultivated here.
11. I am not aware that trial has ever been
made.
12. Nowhere in Oudh the wild hemp is special-
ly cultivated for the production of ganja.
I find that Act X of 1871
has been repealed.
13. There is no restriction to the cultivation of
the hemp plant for ganja;
but on the other hand, the
cultivation is permitted by sections 2, 3 and 4 of
Act X of 1871. Section 11, clause 2 of the new
Act, XXII of 1881, does not prohibit the cultiva-
tion of hemp in India, but allows its cultivation
under the rules. But, as I have said before, no
one cultivates hemp plant for ganja in any district
I know of. If trial be made, one can then say
whether the climate, soil, rainfall and elevation
above the sea-level, or any of them, is a bar to the
cultivation, or whether the cultivation is impossible
in the province.
14. The preparation or manufacture of ganja
and charas is never tried here; but majun§ is pre-
pared from bhang all over the country. Also falak
sair and yakuti are prepared from bhang.
15. There is no cultivated hemp plant, and all we
got is wild hemp.
Imported ganja and charas are mixed for smok-
ing purposes along with smoking tobacco. In the
absence of charas, men mix ganja and dried leaf of
tobacco together, and powder them by thumb after
mixing some water and then smoke. Ganja and
charas are not eaten or drunk in any place, and
bhang is not smoked, but is eaten and drunk.
Majun is prepared from bhang, thus:—In 5 seers
bhang (well saturated and washed) put 15 seers
* Leathern vessel.
† Bud, blossom or unblown flowers hero means round
ganja.
‡ NOTE.—Rajapur Dalai in Nepal, which is somewhere near
Ghat at Gola Mandi, imports a very large quantity of bhang
to Oudh and North-Western Provinces.
§ An intoxicating drug made of the extract of hemp and
sugar (see Fallon's dictionary, page 1104.
water and boil them together with moderate heat
for 6 hours, then put in 2 seers ghi and boil it
again for 6 hours; after which put the boiled bhang
in a tat patti with two handles attached on each side,
and then twist it well until bhang leaves ghi
and water and becomes quite dried. Afterwards
take this ghi and throw away water. You will
thus obtain about 1¾ seers of mixture in green
colour, which is to be washed with water five or six
times to make it white.
With this mixture prepare majun: Take 2
chittacks mixture and 1 seer sugar (chini or kand)
and 4 chittacks khowa (a) and prepare barfis (b)
in the same way as sweetmeat makers prepare bar-
fis. It is optional to put in badam, chironji, pista,
and keora oil to make it more delicious. People here
give a coat of silver leaves also over the majun barfis.
Some make khutias also, by putting 4 mashas of
alum into the sugar (1 seer), chashni (c), and 2
chittacks ghi (mixture). Process is the same as
in preparation of khutias, which is also known by
the term " reori."
Badam—Almond.
Chironji—The nut of the Chironjia tapida.
Pista—Pistachio-nut.
Keora—Strong scented flower.
Khutia
and
Kind of sweetmeat.
Reori.
(a) Khowa, curd or boiled clotted milk.
(b) A kind of sweetmeat.
(c) The viscous state of a syrup.
16. (a) Yes. (b) It can be, no matter where
bhang is grown. (c) Ganja is prepared in small
quantities, but charas is not.
The mixture of ganja and charas is called ganja
jamuni, and is more liked by smokers. Small bits
of shaljan charas, I believe from wild plants, that
comes from Nepal, is smoked with tobacco and not
with common ganja. Some people, with a view to
become more intoxicated, sometimes mix shaljan
batti (rounded) with balucher ganja, which is very
expensive and intoxicating. This balucher comes
from Murshidabad and Patna districts.
17. Majun and reori by drug farmers for public
sale and by private persons for their own use.
Grounded bhang mixed with black pepper and ani-
seed is prepared by Brahmans and gangaputras for
public bhang drinkers, and by private persons for
their self use. Ganja and charas preparations by
sakins (kind of prostitutes) for public smoke.
18. (1) Ganja and bhang deteriorate by keep-
ing them above three years; charas above two years,
as it gets dried and loses its effect. Yes, it quite
loses its effects in time. With ordinary care ganja
and bhang keep good for three years and charas two
years. Dampness, leaking, and want of fresh air are
the chief causes of deterioration. Strong wooden
frames or pucca flooring coated with tarkol as well
as pucca roofing and timely fresh airing are the only
measures which, in my opinion, can prevent deterior-
ation.
19. Yes they are used only for smoking and not
any other purpose I know of.
20. (1) Amongst the Hindu communities the
low castes, such as sweepers, chamars, koris,
pasis, dhaunks, kanjars, mochis, bahilias, kahars,