NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
126 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ III, I
duodenum shows slight congestion or is livid in colour. The mucous membrane of
the small intestines, caecum and rectum presents marked congestion and the
contents are fluid. The gall-bladder is distended with dark green bile, with a faint
blush of congestion of the mucous membrane. The mucous membrane of the
genital organs is also congested.
(c) Respiratory system.—The mucous membrane lining the larynx, trachea and
smaller air passages is congested and a large quantity of froth is present in these
tracts. Both the lungs show distinct stages of pneumonia; all the lobes, especially
anterior and cardiac, are consolidated and the cut surface of this area is moist and
exudes a serous fluid; the pleura is congested and thickened; occasionally there is
a greyish fibrinous deposit on its surface and adhesion and there is about 50 to
100 c.c. of sero-sanguinous fluid present in the thoracic cavity.
(d) Circulatory-system.—The pericardium shows congestion of vessels with a few
c.c. of serous fluid in the sac. The heart is usually normal.
MORTALITY.
The usual rate of mortality is from 70 to 90 per cent, except in the case of
Bhotia goats (chitkoo*) which, almost without exception, succumb to an artificial
infection with the disease. The mortality rate, however, as in the case of cattle,
is largely determined by the season and virulence of virus. Thus, at Muktesar, the
mortality rate is considerably higher in the winter and monsoon months than during
other parts of the year. The mortality factor would also seem to depend upon the
degree of virulence of the virus, for in this respect, considerable variation has been
observed in accordance with the localities from where the virus has been derived.
The symptoms of rinderpest in artificially infected goats in the plains of India
where such symptoms are not associated with acute pneumonic complications, are
far less severe than those described above. One may only notice a definite rise
of temperature after an incubation period of two or three days with a certain
amount of depression and a slight disturbance in the breathing accompanied with
a mild cough. Pregnant goats mostly abort if the attack is severe. The symptoms
rarely progress to a fatal issue and recovery is usual.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS.
The clinical symptoms of rinderpest in goats, particularly its pneumonic form,
present a considerable degree of resemblance to those of certain other pneumonic
* This is the local name of Bhotia goats.
RINDERPEST : CLINICAL SYNDROME IN GOATS
127
conditions, notably miliary tuberculosis, tubercular pneumonia and pleuropneumonia
and in the absence of the diagnostic buccal lesions, viz., vesicles and ulcers, it is
difficult to distinguish this disease from the others. However, when rinderpest
is suspected in goats—such a suspicion should doubtless be regarded as warranted
if there is a history of rinderpest outbreaks in cattle in the neighbourhood—it is
always a good plan to seek confirmation of the diagnosis by the sub-inoculation
of blood into susceptible cattle. The blood should always be drawn from goats
at the height of fever, and bulls between 3 and 7 years of age should be selected
for the purpose of sub-inoculation, for young bulls, although preferable on grounds
of economy, are known to possess a high degree of resistance to rinderpest infection,
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.
(a) Rinderpest can be easily maintained in goats by the subcutaneous inocu-
lation of blood taken from affected animals at the height of fever.
(b) There are two types of the disease, the acute type which is usually compli-
cated with pneumonic symptoms and the subacute or the uncomplicated form,
the principal clinical changes met with, being often pneumonic and not alimentary
as in bovines.
(c) The symptoms following upon an artificial infection with rinderpest virus
are much less severe in the case of goats in the plains than those observable in
goats at Muktesar and the mortality rate is also noticeably lower.
(d) A correct diagnosis of the disease in goats can always be arrived at from
the results of sub-inoculation of the infected blood into susceptible cattle.
(e) The disease can be transmitted from infected to healthy goats by contact
and probably to cattle as well.
(f) The respiratory involvement as an invariable feature of rinderpest in goats
has been mentioned by almost all previous workers [Beaton, 1930 ; Hallen, 1871 ;
Edwards, 1927 ; Cooper, 1931] and has also been observed by the present writers
in almost every one of a very large number of goats examined by them. Whether
or not the pneumonic lesions observed in these cases are to be regarded as specific
of rinderpest itself or to be merely accounted for by the fact, that goats, as a
class, have a natural predisposition to pneumonia, is a matter in regard to which
it is hardly possible to express a definite opinion. However, the very large mass
of available experimental evidence definitely points to the conclusion that the
pneumonic symptoms constitute a remarkably constant feature of the rinderpest
syndrome in goats.
128 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ III, I
REFERENCES.
Beaton, W. G. (1930) Jour. Comp. Path. & Therap. 43, pp. 301-307.
Chicoli, (1863) cited by Hutyra and Marek (1926) Spec. Path. and Therap. of the diseases of
domestic animals.
Cooper, H. (1931). Ind. Jour. Vet. Sc. & Anim. Husb., 1, p. 6.
Edwards, J. T. (1927). Trans. 7th Congr. Far Eastern Assoc. Trop. Med., 3, p. 705.
Galombos, (1861) Gyogyaszat cited by Hutyra and Marek (1926) Spec. Path. and Therap. of the
diseases of domestic animals.
Hallen, J. H. B. (1871). Rep. Ind. Cattle Plagues. pp. 883-889.
Hutyra and Marek (1926) Spec. Path. and Therap. of the diseases of domestic animals.
Koch, R. (1897). Agri. Jour. Cape of Good Hope., Jan. & Feb. p. 9.
Oliver, E. W. (1913). Bull. 20 U. P. Agra. & Oudh. p. 2.
Topacio. (1926). Phil. Agri. Rev. 19, p. 4.
BIHAR AND ORISSA VETERINARY COLLEGE, PATNA.
NOTICE.
The next session of the Bihar and Orissa Veterinary College will commence
from the 1st July, 1933.
1. Each candidate desiring admission should submit his application on the
prescribed form, together with the following certificates in original, so as to reach
the Principal on or before the 1st June, 1933.
(a) Age and moral character certificate from the Head-master of the school
at which he last read.
(b) University certificate or a certificate from the School or University
authorities to show that he has passed the Matriculation Examina-
tion.
(c) Medical certificate of fitness from an Assistant Surgeon.
(d) Letter from his guardian stating that all expenses incurred by his ward,
during the latter's period of study at the college, will be paid.
(e) Letter of identification from some well known person stating that the
candidate is known to him and that the statements made in the
application form are correct.
2. Each Government or District Board stipendiary should, in addition to the
above, produce a letter from the Director of Veterinary Services, Bihar and Orissa,
or from the Chairman of the District Board concerned, to whom he should apply
in the first instance, stating that his selection as stipendiary has been approved.
3. Preference will be given to candidates who have passed the I. A. or I. Sc.
Examination of a recognised University. A good knowledge of English is
essential.
4. Non-stipendiary candidates will have to appear before the Governing Body
of the College when called for interview.
5. Fees must be paid according to the scale under rule 8 of the College rules,
in advance, the initial payment due at the time of admission being Rs. 35-8 only.
6. Candidates will reside in the college hostel from the date of their admission
unless specially exempted.
7. Admission forms may be had free on application to the principal. A pros-
pectus will be supplied on receipt of Re. 0-4-0, for each copy required.
( 129 )
130
Corrections to the Indian Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
Volume II, Part IV.
ERRATA.
(1) Page 352, line 12 read " O. intermedia "
for " O. odhneri ".
(2) " Type-species.—O. intermedia Odhner, 1912 " at the top of page 353
should be read at the bottom of page 352.
MGIPC—S3—III-1-68—8-4-33—900.
THE DURATION OF IMMUNITY IN CALVES INOCULATED
BY THE BULL VIRUS CUM SERUM METHOD
AGAINST RINDERPEST
BY
J. D'COSTA, G.B.V.C.,
Temporary Deputy Director,
AND
BALWANT SINGH, G.P.V.C.,
Offg. Head Laboratory Assistant, Imperial Veterinary Serum Institute, Izatnagar.
(Received for publication on 7th September 1932.)
A survey of the available literature upon the subject of the immunisation of
calves against rinderpest indicates that the general opinion in most countries,
notably in Africa, is that calves do not form a suitable medium for the practice of
this method of immunisation, in that the duration of the immunity conferred as
compared with that developed in adult cattle is so uncertain as to be of negligiblt
value in the immunisation of cattle in extensive areas.
The earliest available references on the subject to which we have access is that
of Montgomery [ 1915-16 ], who states that the double inoculation of calves under
six months old does not always result in the production of permanent immunity,
and Pool, India [ 1921 ], states that calves under 9 months old should not be
inoculated. P. Croveri, Somaliland [ 1919 ], Walker, Kenya [1921 ], and Askar
Mohammad Bey, Egypt [ 1924 ], have described experiments upon calves from
immune cows, which would indicate the presence in such calves of a partial or
complete immunity ; this immunity depending upon the ingestion of anti-bodies in
the milk from immune mothers. The immunity wanes as the animal becomes older
and completely disappears a short time after weaning. In the experiments of
Walker, Kenya [ 1929 ], and Deutressoulle, West Africa [ 1924 ] the immunity in
unweaned calves from immune cows was of such strength as to withstand without
fatal result a test inoculation of virulent blood alone. According to Walker [ 1921]
( 131 )
B
132
INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ III, II
calves from non-immune mothers do not possess any immunity, but no reference
can be obtained as to whether the serum-simultaneous inoculation of such calves
produces a durable immunity. Mention must also be made of the work of Rabag-
liati, Egypt [ 1924 ], and his conclusion that the double inoculation of unweaned
calves cannot be relied upon, and that when it is performed it should be
repeated after weaning. The interesting conclusion which this author draws
from his experiments is that a calf, which reacts to the first serum-
simultaneous inoculation, will not subsequently react to a further inoculation. He
states that stock from one year old and upwards can be relied on to give a durable
immunity. In Nigeria the unsatisfactory results following upon the serum-simul-
taneous inoculation of calves have also been noted.
In India Edwards [ 1927 ] describes the investigation of immunity developed
by young calves in the experimental herd maintained at the Imperial Institute of
Veterinary Research, Muktesar, and he also details the advantages, economical and
technical, which would accrue if this method could be shown to be reliable. The
object of the experiments referred to in this article, as laid down by Dr. Edwards,
late Director of the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar, was :—
(i) Whether cattle in India generally develop a shorter immunity after protec-
tion by the serum-simultaneous method than has hitherto been accepted
from the observations made in other countries ;
(ii) Whether the duration of immunity bears any relationship to the degree of
reaction that arises in the course of the immunisation ;
(iii) whether age is a factor of much significance in the durability of the
immunity.
A preliminary report on the earlier results obtained has already been made by
Edwards [ 1927 ], and he formed the conclusion that the immunity remains a solid
one for about two years after serum-simultaneous inoculation, but as the experi-
ment in its original form has been continued, it is considered of interest to record
the final results now obtained in detail.
The calves used for the experiment were all reared in the Muktesar dairy herd
with the exception of a few which were kindly lent by the military dairies. The
calves belong to various indigenous breeds or are cross-breds of indigenous X
European extraction, in every case, with the exception of the calves from the
military dairies whose previous history is unknown, the dams were immune, this
immunity having been artificially conferred by the serum-simultaneous method.
The sera used for immunisation were of known potency, and the dosage given
to each animal was estimated to confer ample, though not necessarily complete,
IMMUNITY IN CALVES AGAINST RINDERPEST
133
protection. The virus was obtained from Kumaon hill-bulls, artificially infected,
and in those cases which showed no evidence of reaction at the normal period
(fourth or fifth day) after inoculation, a further dose of virus was administered.
In all cases the virulence of the virus used for immunisation and for testing the
duration of immunity was tested by inoculation into susceptible hill-bulls.
Altogether 128 calves have so far been used for this experiment, of which the
records of 98 (30 of indigenous breed and 68 indigenous X European) are given in
the appended Table I. The remainder either died, were destroyed for other
experimental purposes, or were otherwise disposed of before the period of test.
B 2
134
INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ III, II,
TABLE I.
Details of inoculated calves.
Serial
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Brand
No.
147
56
54
53
135
161
159
935
160
134
Breed
½ European . .
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
? . .
Hill/Hariana .
Ditto
. .
Hill/Tharparker ..
Hill/Hariana .
½ European . .
Date of
inocula-
tion
12-11-26
20-10-23
16-5-23
7-5-23
5-3-26
7-11-27
7-11-27
7-11-27
7-11-27
5-3-26
Age at time
of inocula-
tion
10 days .
10 „ .
14 „ .
21 „ .
1 month .
1
„ .
1
„ .
1
„ .
1 „ .
1½
„
.
Reaction to serum-
simultaneous
inoculation
No appreciable reaction .
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
A high, temperature re-
action somewhat late
but possible due to
Rinderpest.
No reaction . . .
Date
of
retest
11-9-30
16-5-24
13-12-25
13-12-25
16-11-26
22-11-30
22-11-30
22-11-30
22-11-30
16-11-26
Interval
between
inoculation
and test
48 months
9
„
31 „
31 „
7½ „
36 „
36 „
36 „
36 „
7½
„
Reaction to test
Severe reaction—High tem-
perature. Mouth lesions
and digestive disturb-
ance.
Fever, digestive disturb-
ance and diarrhœa.
Severe reaction with typi-
cal symptoms—Died.
Decided temperature reac-
tion.
Temperature reaction with
slight inappetence.
No reaction.
Mild temperature reaction.
Marked fever with inappe-
tence and depression.
No reaction.
Mild temperature reaction
and inappetence.
IMMUNITY IN CALVES AGAINST RINDERPEST
135
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
394
105
776
133
86
79
81
17
51
3
28
108
146
135
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
Ditto . .
Tharparkar . .
½ European . .
Tharparkar . .
½ European .
¼
Ditto . .
Scindi . . .
½ European . .
Ditto . .
Sahiwal . .
Ditto . .
28-9-27
30-10-24
12-11-26
5-3-26
23-3-24
17-4-24
12-4-24
17-8-22
7-5-23
30-5-22
31-8-22
18-3-25
11-6-26
11-6-26
2 months .
2½ „ .
3 „ .
3½ „ .
4
„
.
4
„ .
4
„ .
4
„ .
4 „ .
4 „ .
4
„ .
4
„ .
4
„ .
4 „ .
Ditto
.
.
.
Ditto
.
Mild temperature
re-
action.
No reaction .
.
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
High temperature and
mouth lesions.
No reaction . . .
Temperature reaction and
inappetence also re-
spiratory symptoms.
No reaction . . .
High temperature and
inappetence
due
to
Piroplasmosis.
Mild but decided tempera-
ture reaction.
Definite temperature re-
action
with
inappe-
tence.
23-9-31
29-8-27
11-9-30
16-11-26
10-7-24
5-11-24
30-1-25
6-9-23
9-6-24
20-3-24
18-3-25
24-9-27
4-7-29
4-7-29
48
34
48
7½
3
6
9
12
12
21
30
30
36
36
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Severe reaction with typi-
cal symptoms—recover-
ed.
High temperature with
slight inappetence.
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
High temperature day after
inoculation—normal by
4th day —probably not
Rinderpest.
Temperature reaction late
in appearing —probably
not Rinderpest.
Very slight temperature
reaction.
High
temperature
and
inappetence.
No reaction.
Ditto.
136
INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ III, II
TABLE I—contd.
Details of inoculated calves—contd.
Serial
No.
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Brand
No.
144
152
151
83
11
6
77
136
22
2
26
119
850
Breed
Sahiwal . .
Sahiwal/Scindi .
½ European . .
Sahiwal . .
½ European . .
Scindi . .
½ European . .
Ditto
.
.
Ditto
. .
Scindi . .
½ European . .
Ditto
. .
Ditto .
.
Date of
inocula-
tion
11-6-26
28-9-27
28-9-27
7-5-24
8-8-22
25-7-22
19-4-24
28-5-26
24-8-22
9-5-22
31-8-22
15-9-25
12-11-26
Age at time
of inocula-
tion
4 months
4
„
4
„
4½
„
5
„
5
„
5 „
5 „
5 „
5
„
5
„
5
„
5 „
Reaction to serum-
simultaneous
inoculation
Mild temperature reac-
tion.
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Slight temperature re-
action.
No reaction . . .
Temperature
reaction
commencing on eighth
day probably due to
Piroplasmosis.
No reaction . . .
Marked temperature re-
action.
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Date
of
retest
4-7-29
23-9-31
23-9-31
7-5-26
27-11-22
27-2-23
5-11-24
20-7-27
11-6-24
28-5-24
18-12-24
23-3-29
11-9-30
Interval
between
inoculation
and test
36 months
48
„
48
„
24 „
3
„
6 „
6 „
13 „
21 „
24
„
27
„
42
„
48 „
Reaction to test
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
No appreciable reaction.
Severe temperature
re-
action with inappetence.
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
IMMUNITY IN CALVES AGAINST RINDERPEST
137
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
10
7
12
13
8
14
15
84
16
50
9
5
19
18
4
20
Ditto . .
Scindi . .
½ European . .
Ditto . .
Scindi . .
½ European . .
Ditto . .
Tharpakar . .
½ European . .
¼ „ . .
Scindi . .
„ . .
½ European . .
Ditto . .
Scindi . .
½ European . .
8-8-22
14-8-22
8-8-22
8-8-22
17-8-22
8-8-22
17-8-22
12-4-24
17-8-22
7-5-23
1-9-22
6-7-22
17-8-22
17-8-22
17-6-22
24-8-22
6 „
6
„
6 „
6
„
6 „
6
„
6
„
6
„
6
„
6
„
6
„
6
„
6 „
6 „
6 „
6
„
Ditto . . .
Temperature
reaction
(late).
Temperature reaction .
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
Distinct
temperature
reaction complicated by
Piroplasmosis.
Marked temperature reac-
tion and diarrhœa.
No reaction . . .
Very slight temperature
reaction.
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Marked temperature re-
action.
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
27-11-22
27-11-22
27-2-23
27-2-23
6-6-23
6-6-23
6-6-23
30-1-25
6-9-23
9-6-24
6-9-23
24-10-23
6-12-23
6-12-23
5-1-24
11-3-24
3
„
3
„
6
„
6
„
9
„
9
„
9
„
9
„
12
„
12
„
12
„
15
„
15
„
15
„
18
„
18
„
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Slight temperature re-
action.
No reaction.
Rise of temperature from
1st — 4th day after test
inoculation of unknown
origin.
No reaction — subinocula¬
tion negative.
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Very slight temperature
rise with fleeting diges-
tive disturbance.
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
138
INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ III, II
TABLE I—contd.
Details of inoculated calves—contd.
Serial
No.
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Brand
No.
115
24
25
27
116
118
117
72
132
130
48
Breed
½ European . .
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
Ditto
. .
Sahiwal/Harniana
½ European . .
Ditto
. .
¼ European . .
Date of
inocula-
tion
19-7-25
24-8-22
31-8-22
31-8-22
15-9-25
15-9-25
15-9-25
17-4-24
28-5-26
28-5-26
7-5-23
Age at time
of inocula-
tion
6 months
6
„
6 „
6 „
6 „
6 „
6 „
7 „
7 „
7 „
7 „
Reaction to serum-
simultaneous
inoculation
Temperature
reaction
rather late for Rinder-
pest.
No reaction . . .
Marked temperature re-
action.
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Slight temperature late
in appearing.
Mild temperature
re-
action.
Severe temperature re-
action.
No reaction . . .
Date
of
retest
27-7-27
23-10-24
23-10-24
18-12-24
23-3-29
23-3-29
23-3-29
5-11-24
24-9-27
24-9-27
6-10-24
Interval
between
inoculation
and test
24 months
26 „
26 „
27
„
42 „
42 „
42 „
6
„
15
„
15
„
16
„
Reaction to test
Marked temperature with
inappetence.
No reaction.
Mid temperature reaction
probably due to causes
other than Rinderpest.
Marked temperature re-
action with inappetence.
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Slight temperature rise 3rd
and 4th day after in-
oculation.
No reaction.
Very mild temperature
reaction.
IMMUNITY IN CALVES AGAINST
RINDERPEST
139
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
49
75
114
113
59
43
44
110
112
128
42
109
57
148
129
Ditto
. .
½ European . .
Ditto
. .
Ditto . .
Sahiwal/Hariana .
¼ European . .
Ditto
. .
½ European . .
Ditto
. .
Ditto . .
¼ European . .
½ European . .
Sahiwal . .
½ European . .
Ditto
. .
7-5-23
17-4-24
19-8-25
19-8-25
17-4-24
29-1-23
29-1-23
19-8-25
19-8-25
28-5-26
29-1-23
19-8-25
17-4-24
28-9-27
28-5-26
7 „
7
„
7 „
7 „
8 „
8
„
8 „
8 „
8 „
9 „
9 „
9 „
9 „
10 „
10 „
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Small temperature reac-
tion rather late.
No reaction .
.
.
Temperature
reaction
rather late.
Late temperature reaction
apparently not due to
Rinderpest.
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Mild temperture reaction
6-10-24
18-3-27
29-11-28
29-11-28
5-11-24
6-10-24
6-10-24
24-8-27
24-8-27
24-9-27
6-10-24
29-8-27
18-3-27
23-9-31
20-7-27
17
„
35 „
39 „
39 „
6 „
20 „
20 „
24
„
24 „
15 „
20 „
24 „
35 „
48 „
13 „
Very slight temperature
reaction.
Typical Rinderpest com-
plicated later by try-
panosomiasis.
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Mild temperature reaction
on 6th and 7th day with
slight inappetence.
Mild temperature reaction
(rather late).
No reaction.
Ditto.
Very mild temperature
reaction with slight in-
appetence.
Very mild temperature
reaction and inappetence
with loss of condition.
Mild temperature reac-
tion with inappetence.
Severe temperature reac-
tion with inappetence.
No reaction.
Ditto.
140
INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ III, II
TABLE I—conoid.
Details of inoculated calves—concld.
Serial
No.
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Brand
No.
47
78
124
125
126
45
46
32
34
74
123
Breed
Tharparkar . .
½ European . .
Sahiwal . .
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
¼ European . .
Ditto
. .
Hariana . .
¼ European . .
½ European . .
Sahiwal . .
Date of
inocula-
tion
7-5-23
18-9-24
8-4-26
8-4-26
8-4-26
7-5-23
7-5-23
1-12-22
1-12-22
18-9-24
8-4-26
Age at time
of inocula-
tion
10 months
10 „
12 „
12
„
12 „
12 „
12
„
12 „
12
„
12
„
15
„
Reaction to serum-
simultaneous
inoculation
No reaction . . .
Late rise in temperature
due to piroplasmosis.
Very mild temperature
reaction and slight inap¬
petence.
Marked temperature reac-
tion.
Marked temperature reac-
tion with inappetence.
Slight temperature reac-
tion.
No reaction . . .
Ditto . . .
Slight temperature reac-
tion—late.
No reaction . . .
High temperature and
inappetence.
Date
of
retest
6-10-24
18-3-27
24-1-27
24-1-27
24-1-27
6-10-24
6-10-24
18-3-25
18-3-25
18-3-27
24-1-27
Interval
between
inoculation
and test
16 months
30 „
9 „
9
„
9 „
17 „
17 „
27 „
27 „
30 „
9 „
Reaction to test
Marked temperature reac-
tion.
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Slight temperature reac-
tion.
No reaction.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
IMMUNITY IN CALVES AGAINST
RINDERPEST
141
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
39
37
33
35
36
41
111
40
¼ European . .
Ditto
. .
Hariana . .
¼ European .
¼ „ .
¼ „ .
½ „ .
¼ „ .
1-12-22
1-12-22
1-12-22
1-12-22
1-12-22
3-4-23
28-5-26
1-12-22
15
„
15 „
15
„
15
„
15
„
16
„
17
„
24
„
Temperature reaction and
inappetence.
Temperature reaction
No reaction . . .
Marked temperature re-
action.
Marked temperature re-
action complicated by
piroplasmosis.
No reaction . . .
„
„
.
.
.
Marked temperature re-
action.
23-10-24
18-12-24
18-3-25
20-9-25
20-9-25
24-4-24
24-9-27
23-10-24
22 „
24
„
27 „
33 „
33 „
12
„
15 „
22 „
Ditto.
Ditto.
Distinct temperature re-
action.
No reaction.
„ „
Very slight temperature
disturbance.
No reaction.
„ „