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system is caused, and consequently dysentery,
diarrhoea, bronchitis or asthma. In the earlier
stage it produces immorality and induces laziness,
but in the latter, it puts immorality beyond power,
his health being impaired. It deadens the in-
tellect and produces insanity. Temporary mania
is produced and the sy mptoms are re-induced by
the use of the drug after liberation from restraint.
The typical symptoms are neglect of the person,
restlessness, timidity, vacant staring expression
and want of appetite. Insanes who have no re-
corded ganja history readily confess. When
spoken to about ganja they at once go through
the motions of cleaning and preparing the drug,
and seem to derive pleasure in discussing it.
51. Habitual moderate consumers of hemp do
not form any large proportion of bad characters.
The moderate use of hemp has no connection
with crime in general or with crime of any specia
character. The present number of re-convicted
criminals is 92, and of these 6 are evidently habi-
tual moderate consumers, and 1 only an habitual
excessive consumer.
52 to 54. No information.
55. I have heard of cases in which criminals,
in order to further their designs, induce their
victims to partake of these drugs and so stupefy
themselves. Invariably dhatura is said to be
mixed with ganja in order to give a quicker
effect. Complete stupefaction can be induced by
the drug alone.
56. (a) and (b) by admixture of tobacco the
effects are lessened; by admixture of dhatura the
effects are increased.
57. Already answered in body of report.
76. Evidence of MR. R. W. MORGAN, Deputy Conservator of Forests, Ootacamund,
Nilgiris.
1. I have been 23 years in the Forest Depart-
ment and during that period have mixed with all
classes of persons who are in the habit of using
ganja, etc., and have seen the plant cultivated
and wild in many places.
2. I only know of two products of the hemp
plant that are used in Southern India, ganja and
bhang. Charas is used by Muhammadans; but
1 know nothing further about it.
3. I have seen hemp growing spontaneously in
Kurnool, Malahar, Coimbatore, Nilgiris, Trichino-
poly, and Coorg. It used to be at one time abun-
dant on the Nilgiris, but does not appear to be so
common now.
4 .
N i l .
5. Wild hemp grows best with a rainfall of
90 inches at an elevation of from 2,000 to 5,000 feet
above the sea level and in the very richest soil.
It is most commonly found wild and growing
vigorously in old cattle kraals and in the
n e i g h b o u r
h o o d o f v i l l a g e s i n d
u n g h e a p s , e t c .
6. I have seen the wild hemp growing in
dense patches of from 30 to 100 square yards and
also as solitary bushes. It generally commences
to grow in a scattered manner ; but after a. few
y e a r s , w h e n t h e s o i l h a s b e e n f i l l e d w i t h s e e d s , i t
spreads rapidly and forms a dense growth.
7. There is now no cultivation of hemp in
the Nilgiris as raiyats and others are under the im-
pression that it is forbidden by Government; but
a few plants are surreptitiously grown by aborigi-
nal tribes (principally Sholagurs) in old cattle
kraals in the jungle. I have never seen hemp
cultivated for its fibre, as most natives are igno-
rant of the fact that the fibre is valuable. There is
considerable cultivation of hemp in many of the
districts of the presidency.
8. There has been a decrease in the cultivation
for the reasons given under 7 in the Nilgiri dis-
trict and Wynaad.
9. The method of cultivating Lemp is to scatter
the seed broadcast in old cattle kraals. When
the plants grow they are thinned out to 5 or 6 feet
apart aid allowed to branch. All male plants
are pulled up and the flowering tops collected
when they become sticky and covered with resin.
All large leaves that grow in the inflorescence
are removed.
10. No, they do not form special class. Many
vol. vi.
ganja smokers cultivate the plant themselves and
others purchase what they require. 1 have known
all classes cultivate hemp ; I have seen much
hemp cultivated in Tanjore district.
11. Yes.
12. Yes. Coimbatore, Mysore, Malabar. The
extent is very small and the cultivation carefully
concealed and never attempted near villages, but
usually in isolated spots in the forest. The male
plant is usually extirpated. The Sholagurs are
afraid of police action, hence their care in conceal-
ing the cultivation. They believe it to be illegal.
13. I am not aware of any part of the Presi-
dency where the hemp plant cannot be culti-
vated as it will grow from the sea level to 7,000
feet above it. I have known ganja manufactured
in Ootacamund.
14. Yes. All these products are prepared.
I cannot say to what extent.
1 5 . I h a v e o n l y s e e n g a n j a p r e p a r e d . T h e i n -
f l o r e s c e n s e o f t h e f e m a l e p l a n t s i s c o l l e c t e d w h e n
resin has fully developed, dried, tied in bundles,
and pressed tightly into a bale with cloth round
it. In this state it appears to undergo fermenta-
tion, as is the case with tobacco. Of this, how-
ever, I have no positive knowledge, as I have only
been told so by others. When cured it is stored
in a dry earthen pot or other vessel, which is kept
closed.
16. Yes. As far as I know, both ganja and
bhang can be prepared from the wild and culti-
vated varieties of hemp wherever grown; but the
quality and strength of the manufactured product
depends greatly on the soil, elevation, climate,
and amount of cultivation bestowed upon it.
17. . By al l cl asses.
18. Yes, if the drug is exposed it is subject to
mildew and deteriorates. It is usually kept in
earthen pots or tin boxes by the retail dealers,
19. Hemp products are used medicinally for
smoking and drinking in this presidency. Ganja
is used for making subja water. This is made as
follows :—Subja seeds are soaked in water and
the mucilage thus produced mixed with milk,
sugar, dhatura seeds, and powdered ganja. This
preparation is usually made by Muhammadans.
Majum is made by grinding up ganja and jagge-
ry together and forming the mass into small tab-
lets, which are usually sold by Rajput sweetmeat
vendors. These tablets are eaten, "Thathu pushti
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