263
the people, but ganja chiefly by fakirs, bairagis,
kshattries, and wanderers of the world.
28. (a) Habitual moderate consumers drink
bhang of ¼ pice per day, while ganja of 2 pice
per day.
(8) Habitual excessive consumers drink bhang
of 2 pice per day, while ganja of Rupee one daily
can be used.
29. Ingredients of bhang are pepper, carda-
moms, almond.
30. Among the rich class people it is used in
solitary places, but among low class people in
company. It is used generally by male 6ex at
the prime of life, and occasionally by children.
31. Yes ; bhang can be got over, but not ganja.
Bhang is not used in excess ; but ganja when
once taken increases daily.
32. Bhang is generally used in Shivaratri and
Holi, but essential, as former dedicated to Shiva.
33. It is held in disrepute, for it produces sloth
and idleness.
34. Its consumers would suffer physically, but
not risksome.
35. Their prohibition would not amount to a
political danger.
36. No.
37. Smoking of ganja results in a swoon, but
of others does not.
38. Ganja is more injurious than bhang.
40. Yes ; bhang is given to cows and other
animals.
41. Bhang is digestive, gives staying-power,
and alleviates fatigue. Bhang and ganja are use-
ful for cold climates, but the former in both, when
used moderately.
42. Bhang, when moderately used, is harmless.
43. Yes.
44. Bhang, when used moderately, refreshes,
produces intoxication, and creates appetite ; and its
intoxication lasts for five hours, while others,
nearly two hours. Bhang does not produce un-
easiness when not available.
45. Bhang does not produce any noxious effects,
but ganja does. Both create appetite, but when
excessive, ganja causes dysentery, bronchitis or
asthma. They do increase laziness and sloth.
Ganja after long U3e deadens the intellect and
produces insanity, but not bhang. To a certain
extent it relieves mental anxiety, but in mental
disease it does no good.
47. No.
49. No.
51. It is used by persons of loose habits, but
does not stimulate to criminal acts, but may
result in a broil.
53 to 55. No.
56. It can be modified by the use of ingre-
dients. Dhatura is used for increasing the intoxi-
cation.
58. No need of better Government than
England.
196. Evidence of MATHURA PRASAD CHOWDHRI UPADHYAYA, Brahmin, Zamindari
and State Service, Mirzapur.
1. I have come to know more of it through
persons that use them, and as for bhang I use it
myself now and then.
2. I think Dr. Prain's definitions are quite
sufficient for the purpose in hand. Bhang is
usually called bijaya, buti, subzi, chaitnya,
chamak, but bhang and siddhi are the usual
names with which it is commonly called.
3. It grows spontaneously in Bahraich, Gonda,
Gorakhpur, Butwal, Bengal, etc.
4. Ganja is also called sulpha, dam.
5. It generally grows in damp climates and
hilly tracts.
6. It grows densely when it has overgrown.
7. (a) Bahraich, Gonda,
(c) Goruckpur, Bahraich, Butwal.
10. There are no special classes that cultivate
them, but generally low caste people, viz., Ahirs,
Bhars, Chamars, cultivate them.
11. Generally from the seeds, but sometimes
by planting the same plants.
13. It can be cultivated anywhere (after ob-
taining a license from the Government), provided
the soil be not very dry. Rainfall and damp are
favourable to its growth.
14. Ganja and bhang only. Places already
mentioned in answer 7.
15. Bhang is usually prepared after packing
the plants in bundles and drying them in sun-
shine.
16. Bhang can be easily prepared. Yes ; it is
generally prepared from the hemp plants, Ganja
could be prepared, but not charas.
17. Generally by the low caste people. The
Nepalese, Bhutias, Bhars, etc. (vide answer 10).
18. Bhang and ganja deteriorate after an year.
It produces very little or no intoxication. At-
mospheric action, generally cold, is the cause of
its deterioration.
19. For smoking purposes only.
20. Only Brahmans (who are religiously for-
bidden to smoke) do not smoke these drugs.
Others smoke them. They are usually used in
cold countries and tracts adjacent to snowy moun-
tains and Himalaya, but they abundantly are used
in Lucknow and other places in Oudh and the
North-Western Provinces. 90 or 80 per cent. of
the people smoke them.
21. Chur or baluchar, as it is usually termed,
is used and liked by persons of caste ; others by
poor people.
22. Charas, generally used in these provinces,
is what is imported from Jammu and Kashmir.
23. No ; if the ganja-smokers do not get ganja,
they generally smoke bhang.
24. Bhang is generally used by all Hindus
(excepting Muhammadans) ; nearly 60 per cent.
of people drink bhang. But it is used with
abundance in Mathura, Brindaban, Benares,
Mirzapur, Lucknow, and Cawnpore.
25. It is increasing day by day, for the idlers
and wanderers are daily increasing.
26. Bhang-consumers are moderate in their