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20. I cannot state the proportion of people who
smoke ganja and charas respectively. People of
all classes smoke both, especially Khatris, kahars,
etc. Ganja is more extensively consumed than
charas.
21. In this district 'pattar' and 'chur' (i.e.,
flat) ganja is chiefly used all over the district.
'Baluchur' ganja on account of the higher price
is consumed by persons who can afford to pay for
it.
22. Charas is not made in this district. It
comes from Hoshiarpur district.
23. I have never seen bhang used for smoking,
nor is it so used in this district.
24. People of all castes eat and drink bhang.
The practice is not confined to any one caste, but
Khatris, Brahmans, and Hindu fakirs are the chief
consumers.
25. In my opinion the use of all three drugs is
on the increase, and the reason is that poor people
get tired from daily labour and take one or two
pice worth of ganja or charas as a stimulant, and
this relieves their lassitude. After a time they con-
tract the habit of consuming these drugs.
26. I cannot state.
27. Chiefly people of the lower castes as kahars,
guriyas. The circumstances and habits of these
are different ; i.e., method of speech, manner of
sitting down and getting up is changed.
28. I don't know.
29. Some consumers of bhang to improve the
taste mix 'arak keora' and 'gulab' with it.
Some mix 'elachi' and black pepper and sugar.
Dhatura is mixed with ganja to increase its intoxi-
cating properties.
30. All three drugs are generally consumed in
company, but are also consumed alone. The use
does not commence at any special age, but is more
common among adults. Men are the chief consum-
ers, but women also consume these drugs.
31. The habit of consuming these drugs is easily
formed, and is very difficult to breake off. There
is a tendency for moderate habit to develop into
the excessive.
32. There is no such custom among Muhamma-
dans. I am not sufficiently acquainted with the
Hindu religion to give an answer as regards them.
33. (a) Among respectable people the use of
these drugs is condemned. Among Musalmans
it is absolutely forbidden to use these drugs. The
use of narcotics is in disrepute among all castes.
(b) The reason is that consumers of intoxicants
lose all self-control, and neglect their business and
associate with their inferiors.
34 It would be a serious privation for any class
of consumers to forego the consumption of the
drug they use all at once. The reason is that it is
a privation to forego a habit.
35. In my opinion the use of ganja and charas
should be prohibited, because charas and ganja do
much more harm than bhang. The habit of con-
suming bhang can be overcome, but not that of
consuming ganja and charas.
As regards prohibition, the difficulties which are
always entailed by new laws will be experienced ;
but the rules now in force as regards ganja and
bhang will be of great use for this purpose. The
cultivation of the hemp plant is generally illegal ;
but if the cultivation allowed by law be reduced by
two-thirds, there will remain sufficient to supply
the wants of the consumers of bhang, and the
amount now cultivated for the manufacture of
ganja and charas will be abolished. This also will
be sufficient for regulation of wild hemp plant, but
supervision for prohibiting cultivation of hemp
plant will have to be increased The loss of revenue
which is involved in the reduction of the cultiva-
tion of the hemp plant can easily be made up ; that
is, the impost on bhang can be trebled.
Another proposal is that the use of ganja and
bhang should be made a crime by legal enactment,
and some small fine should be imposed as a penalty
for infraction of the law. The prohibition of the
use of ganja and charas will be very distasteful to
the consumers, but not to a dangerous extent. I
do not consider that the prohibition of the use of
a drug the consumption of which is universally
condemned will have any lasting effect on the
minds of the people.
There is no doubt that the habitual consumers
of ganja and charas, when they are unable to ob-
tain these drugs, will take to other intoxicants.
As the intoxicating effect of opium and chandu is
similar to that of charas and ganja, these men will
chiefly take to these, i.e., opium and charas ; but
some will take to intoxicating liquors; such as
spirits and tari. It is a matter of experience that
consumers of intoxicants when deprived of one in-
toxicant will take to 6ome other intoxicant. Un-
doubtedly very few give up the practice entirely,
but as a rule they take to some other intoxicant.
36. Persons of education, Hindustani and Eng-
lish, instead of ganja and charas, consume fer-
mented liquors. This must be the result of their
education.
37. Charas is more intoxicating than ganja, and
hence has a more deleterious effect.
38. Baluchar ganja is the most intoxicating ;
after this round ganja. Flat ganja is the least in-
toxicating.
39. Ganja and charas, which are smoked, are more
deleterious than bhang ; which is eaten and drunk.
40. Bhang is often prescribed for cattle, and is
of benefit to the cattle. It is prescribed at times
for human beings. Ganja and charas are never
used medicinally.
41. (a) Bhang increases the appetite.
(b) All three drugs are used to alleviate fatigue.
42. Ganja and charas are altogether deleterious.
Their use causes various diseases, as cough and
asthma, silliness and weakness of brain, and weak-
ness of heart and weakness of sight, etc. Bhang
has not much deleterious effect.
43. If consumers of ganja and charas smoke such
a little that no odour is perceived in the neighbour-
hood, they are inoffensive to their neighbours.
44. Ganja and charas take effect immediately on
habitual consumers. They also stop the feeling of
hunger. The effect of bhang is the opposite. The
effect of ganja and charas last about fifteen or
twenty minutes, and of bhang for one or two hours.
45. The noxious effects mentioned in this ques-
tion are all produced by ganja and charas, but not
by bhang.
I cannot give any opinion as to the connection
between use of hemp and insanity.
46. It is usually found that the use of intoxi-
cants tends to excess, and hence the evil effects also
increase.
47. Habitual use is not hereditary.
48. Not hereditary.
49. (a) None of these used as aphrodisiac.