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the moderate use has with general crime is that
the consumers commit crimes with impunity, and
encouragement caused by influence of smoking
ganja especially.
52. The proportion of excessive consumers among
bad characters is from 5 to 8 per cent. as appears
from general observation. The exeessive con-
sumer is likely to commit crimes of more serious
nature.
53. Of course excessive indulgence very rarely
incites unpremeditated crimes of violence, such as
homicide and offences against chastity. I remem-
ber to have read in some medical works that a con-
sumer murdered a man by strangulation while in
the state of intoxication from the effect of ganja.
54. Yes ; the criminals intending to commit
acts of violence have been known to use ganja to
fortify themselves.
55. Criminals in order to carry out their designs
often induce victims to partake any of these drugs,
so that they may be stupefied, to afford every
possibility of being deprived of their property.
These cases generally are to be met with during
journeys. A man can be completely stupefied
by being administered ganja and charas, but cri-
minals generally mix dhatura for the purpose.
56. The admixture of other substances, such as
dhatura and tobacco, changes its effects. However
small quantity of dhatura be adulterated, it greatly
enhances the effect of intoxication, as it is one of
the principal ingredients of Cannabis sativa ; but
the consumers for their personal use mix it in a
very small quantity, but while administering to
others mix a greater quantity of it.
57. So far as I know I have never heard or seen
persons eating or drinking ganja and charas, except
in case when no bhang is available they substitute
ganja for bhang in drinking.
Oral evidence.
Question 1.— I was educated at the Nagpur
Medical School, and passed as Hospital Assistant.
I have served in Balaghat, Jabalpur, Nimar
and Seoni, and was six months in the Jabalpur
Asylum.
Question 39 .—Cannabine is the resin of ganja
or hemp. It is not decomposed by smoking.
Question 45.—By " sure" I mean " likely " in
the end of the first paragraph. I have seen cases
of insanity from excessive ganja smoking. One
was the man Udairam, the Burhanpur Tahsil
Jamadar, elder brother of the municipal clerk,
Gangaram of Khandwa. There was no other
cause apparent. I knew nothing of any admix-
ture. The case was treated by Dr. Quayle. He
often asked for ganja in hospital, saying it would
cure him. He was about a month in hospital.
He did not recover. He was quiet sometimes from
sedatives, and then was violent. He was sent to the
Jabalpur Asylum, and (I hear) died there, He
was sent there (I think) in 1891. He was talka-
tive, violent, singing occasionally. The pupils were
dilated. This is the way with ganja as well as
with dhatura. I have observed the pupils of
ganja smokers when smoking. They are dilated.
There was no reason to think that this man took
dhatura : that is not common. There was no
insanity in the family, nor had the man epilepsy
I do not know the father's name. I remember
also a Muhammadan fakir being brought to hos-
pital at Wara Seoni in a state of insanity. His
previous history was not known ; but we knew
he took ganja. He was filthy in habit, liked to
go naked, assaulted women. He was sent to
Balaghat. I do not know what became of him.
The second part of my reply to question No.
45 refers to insanity from all causes. Some of
these symptoms appear singly or conjointly in ganja
insanity. I have myself seen them. I do not
know any typical symptoms of ganja poisoning
except the dilated pupils. This would also be
caused by dhatura; but dhatura insanity is of a
more temporary character than that arising from
ganja. The asking for ganja would also be a
typical symptom.
I
think ganja injurious, and bhang, though less
powerful, is of the same character. I think that
if a man takes ganja long he is likely to be
insane. I think that it makes madness more
likely ; I think 50 per cent. of the insanes in the
Jabalpur Asylum were from ganja. This was
in 1882, I think. It is long ago and I cannot
accurately remember the proportion. It was
large. I was only temporarily there as a a sub-
stitute. Therefore I have not very effective ex-
perience. I had only just left college a little
before. I had never seen a case of insanity
before.
Question 46.—I think that those who remain
moderate consumers, and do not fall into the
excessive habit, are few. This is in my opinion true
of all intoxicants. I have served in cities and
towns, and have not experience of village life.
I h a v e s e e n t w o o r t h r e e c a s e s i n m y h o s p i t a l
practice of men attributing loss of appetite, etc.,
to ganja. One man was brought to me (a fakir)
insensible from ganja, and a man with fever once
asked me if I could give him something to cure
a tendency to impotence. I have never seen any
other cases of illness ascribed to ganja. I have
seen cases in which the administration of cannabis
as medicine in dysentery led to violence and a
form of intoxication. In mania it is a sedative.
1 have not found ganja to be a cause of disease.
Beyond what I have said, it has never come be-
fore me. I have never seen an asthma, bron-
chitis or dysentery case arising from ganja.
I have only had one case of insanity in my hospital
practice.
Question 47.—I think that if any one is insane
his children will probably be insane. I have never
seen a case of hereditary insanity.
Question 51. —There is a slip here : what
I m e a n b y " w i t h i m p u n i t y " i s " w i t h o u t f e a r . "
Question 53 .—By " very rarely," I mean
occasionally, but very rarely.
Question 55. —A man who does not take
hemp drugs can be made senseless by pure ganja
or other hemp drug. But not a habitual smoker.
Question 56. —I think that dhatura is generally
mixed with ganja. I mean it is one of the com-
monest admixtures, i.e. , those who mix anything
generally mix dhatura with their ganja.