222
particular class of persons. All classes accustomed
to it will cultivate this plant.
11. No.
12. No wild hemp plant could be found here.
Male hemp plants are, as a rule, removed from the
female plants and destroyed.
13. No restriction is placed on cultivation of
the hemp plant in the two districts already men-
tioned, and the cultivation is common in these two
districts. It grows both along the sea coast and
in the interior ; in the plains and in the hill tracts
as well. Red earth is said to be more favourable
to its growth and effects than any other soil, and
so in cold climate. The ganja produced in elevat--
ed tracts, such as Malayas,is considered superior
to that cultivated in the plains.
14. (a) Ganja and bhang are to a small extent
prepared in some cusba stations and muts where
ascetics and bairagis assemble, and in some such
places.
(b) Charas is unknown.
(c) Bhang is a preparation made of dried tender
leaves of female hemp plants, sugar, spices, and
milk. Sometimes water is substituted for milk,
when pepper also is mixed.
15. Wild hemp plant is unknown in these parts.
Ganja and bhang leaves are gathered from the cul-
tivated hemp plant. The former is used for smok-
ing and the latter for drinking. The broken ganja
locally called gunda or ganja is made into majum
balls with sugar and spices.
(a) Ganja is smoked in a chilhem.
(b) Majum balls are eaten. In addition to this
Madanakameswaram and similar intoxicating
lehams are prepared from ganja for eating.
(c) Bhang is prepared for drinking.
16. Bhang is generally prepared by the people
in the houses for their own consumption. It is
prepared from the leaves of the cultivated hemp
plant. No wild plant is grown here.
17. These preparations were used to be made
formerly by any class of people who wanted them
for private use or sale ; but they are now made by
the ganja licensees alone for sale.
18. Ganja will keep for two years, but begins to
lose its effect after one year. Bhang leaves will
keep for one year only. Deterioration takes place
b y m i l d e w , a n d i n o r d e r t o p r e v e n t i t , p r o p e r c a r e
should be taken to expose it to the sun as often as
necessary.
19. Ganja is used for smoking and eating in the
shape of majum and other lehams of which it
forms an ingredient.
20. Much of the Uriya population and some
Telugus and Khonds (hill people) and almost all
the fakirs and every bairagi and ascetic smoke
ganja.
21. Flat and round ganja is equally preferred to
kali, gunda, or broken ganja. Chur is not known
here.
22. Charas is not known here.
23. Bhang is not used for smoking.
24. Bhang is used as drink by a very small and
insignificant proportion of people who are fond
of getting intoxicated, but who are averse to or
prohibited from, by caste or position, the use of
alcohol ; but its use is not restricted to any parti-
cular locality.
25. The use of ganja appears to be on the
increase owing to the restrictions placed on the
manufacture and consumption of illicit liquor.
26.
Ganja.
(a) 50 per cent.
Bhang.
80 per cent.
Majum.
60 per cent.
(b) 30
,,
3 , ,
20, ,
(C) 15
,,
15
, ,
15 , ,
(d)
5
,,
2
, ,
5 , ,
of the consuming population.
The above proportion is not accurate but approxi-
mate. The proportion of the consuming popula-
t i on may be 1 per cent . on t he whol e t o t he ent i r e
population.
27. Those that resort to ganja smoking are
mainly taken from the lower castes having no
social position ; but instances are not wanting
where high caste men of dissipated habits indulge
in this smoking. Majum and bhang are used by
all classes given up to luxurious and vicious habits.
The society in which men constantly move, and lazy
and sensual habits lead to the practice.
28. (a) Smoking.- 1 to 3 tolas per diem, cost 1
to 2 annas per tola.
Eating.— The extract or the drug itself of half a
tola of ganja per diem, cost half an anna to two
annas per tola, according to the ingredients with
which it is prepared.
Drinking.— Half a tola of bhang.
(b) Smoking.— Three tolas and upwards up to 12
tolas, cost two annas per tola.
Eating .—Upwards of half a tola up to two tolas.
Drinking.—Ditto
ditto.
29. (a) 1. _Drinking (Bhang).—Pepper and
aniseed.
2. Eating Majum.—Dry ginger, cloves, cin-
namom and jaggery. Madanakameswaram (used
by the higher classes to increase virile power) the
above things except jaggery, and several other spi-
ces, sugar, ghee, honey, besides medicinal roots.
3. S MO king.—Pure ganja is smoked, but is often
mixed with tobacco before it is smoked.
( b ) 1 . D r i n k i n g
B h a n g . — B e s i d e s t h e d r u g s
shown in (a) (1), nutmeg, cardamoms, dry ginger,
milk and sugar are added with a view to give the
preparation more intoxicating power.
2. Eating.—Dhatura seed is mixed to give the
majum more intoxicating power.
3. Smoking.— Ganja is mixed with tobacco and
smoked.
Bhang massala is not known here.
30. In the majority of cases, ganja is smoked in
company and majum and bhang in solitude. The
use of these drugs is mainly confined to males after
twenty years, and the habit grows with age. Majum
pills in mild form are medically administered to chil-
dren, but not otherwise.
31. The habit of consuming ganja and bhang
easily formed. It is very difficult to break off.
The moderate habit will in several cases tend to
the excessive use of the drug in time.
32. There is no custom (religious or social)
which requires the consumption of this drug.
33. The consumption of this drug is generally
regarded as disgraceful in a social point of view,
and intoxication is reckoned as a vice. The smok-
ing of ganja is, however, religiously respected by
ascetics, etc., as a means of absorbing the mind in
meditation and practising yoga. Ganja leaves are,
therefore, styled by this class gyanapatti — meaning