371
44. (b) Yes.
(c) Not in small quantities.
(d) Yes.
(e) Very considerably.
( f ) According to the quantity taken it varies.
(g) No.
(h) Only in habitual consumers.
45. (a) No.
(b) No.
(c) No. It increases the appetite.
(d) No. It relieves all these diseases.
(e) Not in moderate doses.
(g) I have met only one insane who became so,
it was alleged, from the excessive use of the drug.
He took it in order to put himself in a position to
study magic and witchcraft. He was suffering
from all the symptoms of acute mania.
47 No.
53. See 45.
55. Yes.
58. It is working well and requires no altera-
tion.
60. Cultivation of the hemp plant for the pro-
duction of bhang should not be controlled more
than at present.
63. The vend of these preparations is extremely
limited in this district. No special legislation
different to that now in force is at all necessary.
68. No.
152. Evidence of the REV. JOHN S. CHANDLER, M issionay Madura.
1. Conversations with natives and other mis-
sionaries.
2. The distinctions between bhang, charas, and
ganja are not common here. Not known, so far as
I have inquired. Bhang and ganja are used in-
terchangeably. Four kinds of ganja are men
- t i o n e
d—odoriferous ganja, resinous ganja, culti-
vated ganja, and wild ganja. The odoriferous
ganja is said to be a large shrub ; but as both this
and the resinous ganja do not grow here, the dis-
tinction may not be accurate. Two preparations
are made, either from the leaves, or from leaves,
flowers, and stem all together, and the form is the
flat ganja.
3. The Pulney mountains.
4. Ganja and bhang.
6. Scattered.
7. There is some cultivation of the plant, espe-
cially where Muhammadans live ; but not to a
great extent, because the abkari peons threaten
those who raise it.
8. Decrease seems to have resulted from the ac-
tion of abkari peons.
9. Usually it is raised from seed in private
gardens.
10. Same as other cultivators, but especially
Muhammadans near their mosques.
11. Not to a great extent on the plains ; per-
haps not at all.
13. I presume it can be raised anywhere.
14. See answer to No..2.
16. Where raised it is prepared privately; but
the chief use is of the odoriferous ganja, which
comes as flat ganja, prepared in the north.
17. The Muhammadans, ascetics, and some of
the lower classes of the people prepare it.
18. Ganja deteriorates and the electuary formed
of it moulds by keeping. It is said to lose its
effect entirely after a few months. It keeps from
two to six months. It must 1,e kept under cover.
19. Ganja is used chiefly for smoking with
tobacco, but is also eaten as an electuary or mixed
with food, and sometimes drunk with water or
milk.
20. Muhammadans aid ascetics and the low
castes use it, chiefly by smoking.
21. Odoriferous ganja from the north.
VOL. VI.
26. Ganja
—
(a) One-eighth.
(b) One-half.
(c) One-eighth.
(d) One-quarter.
27. The ascetics take it to sustain them in long
journeys without food. The Muhammadans take
it for the intoxication. Others take it because of
their poverty and exposure. But all take it more
or less for intoxication.
28. Ganja
—
(a) Half anna.
(4) One anna.
29. Tobacco and spices for smoking, sugar anal
meat for eating, and milk and water for drinking.
Dhatura is mixed with tobacco for asthma, but
not with ganja. A " massali" is used for horses
and people that has ganja or bhang in it. Its
ingredients are garlic, pepper, assafœtida, onion,
dried ginger, galanga, piper dichotomum, piper
longum, allspice, nutmeg, arrack, and bhang.
30. Both in solitude and in company, ganja
electuary is given to children. Boys also take it
in sport for the intoxication.
31. Easily formed ; broken off with great diffi-
culty. The tendency to develop into excessive
use seems strong.
32. (a) In the Kama festival this is especially
used, and by some is connected with the idea of
Siva's passion under intoxication.
(c) Excessively and in manner likely to lead to
the habit. The Sittar are all said to have written
their famous poems under the influence of ganja.
33. All who use it are despised. " A bhang
eater," " a ganja smoker," are terms of oppro-
brium. When they take it, as Siva is said to
have used it, they worship him as they take it.
34. They are so dependent on it that very
likely it would cause them suffering to drop it at
once.
35. (a) Yes; .to a considerable extent in this
district,
(6) Some would probably bring it in from the
north; but residents generally would not do it
illicitly.
(d) Only at first.
3 D 2