174
Bhang is given as a sweetmeat to children on
these annual festivals on religious grounds. This
annual custom is not likely to lead to the habit,
but may be injurious in certain eases producing
temporary insanity, etc.
36. I do not think that alcohol has taken the
place of these drugs.
37. Charas affects the brain, lungs and heart
more than ganja. Bhang is milder than the
other two, but the effects of drinking it are
much the same as smoking the other two drugs.
39. Charas and ganja I have never seen used
otherwise than as smoked, and bhang I have never
seen smoked, so I cannot give any opinion on the
subject. There is however in my mind no doubt
that insanity, both temporary and permanent, can
be produced by the long-continued use of these
drugs.
40. Yes; I have used them in tetanus, hydro-
phobia, hæmorrhoids, and sexual debility. Bhang
is given to horses and cattle to help digestion.
41. (a) Yes: especially bhang when taken be-
fore meals.
(b) Alleviate fatigue, but do not give staying-
power under exertion or exposure.
(c) Act as a febrifuge and preventive of
diseases in malarious and unhealthy tracts.
(d) Bhang is used internally in hæmorrhoids,
dysentery and diarrhœa.
42. I consider them beneficial in the above dis-
eases, etc.
44. All these are refreshing and certainly pro-
duce more or less intoxication and allay hunger.
Bhang only creates appetite. Effects of bhang-
last longer than charas, and that of charas longer
than ganja, but the time varies from one to four
hours. There are after-effects, such as giddiness
and general weakness. Yes; the want of subse-
quent gratification does produce trying for the
drug, and uneasiness if the drug be not ob-
tained.
45. It does impair the constitution. Yes; after
some considerable use of the drug, the digestion
is injured and appetite is impaired. Charas and
ganja alone produce bronchitis and asthma, and
bhang does not do so; none produce dysen-
tery. The use of all these does impair moral sense
and induces habits of laziness, immorality and de-
bauchery. Yes; all these do deaden the intellect
and produce insanity. In the majority of cases
seen by me these drugs have been the predisposing
causes. Bhang produces melancholia. Charas
and ganja produce mania. All these produce in-
sanity of both, i. e., temporary and permanent.
The symptoms may be re-induced by use of the
drug after liberation from restraint. The majority
of the cases laugh inordinately. The consumers
do confess to the use of the drug. Yes; and
there is in my opinion not sufficient evidence to in-
dicate that the weakened intellect would tend to
the indulgence of the drug.
46. The excessive use of these drugs produce
the same noxious effects only more quickly and
more markedly.
47. Not necessarily hereditary, and does not
produce any injurious effects on their children.
48. Not necessarily hereditary, but produces ill-
effects on the brain and constitution of their child-
ren.
49. It is used as an aphrodisiac, and so by the
prostitutes. Such use of it is certainly more in-
jurious, as it totally impairs the virile power even-
tually. The habitual use of hemp drugs does in
my opinion produce impotence to some extent.
50. These drugs are not used in excess as aphro-
disiac, but the excessive use of these drugs
would produce impotence.
56. The intoxicative effects of bhang are in-
creased by mixing with almonds, cardamom and
nutmeg, and lessened by black pepper, aniseed and
cloves. I know of nothing used to lessen or
increase the effects of charas and ganja, except
that dhatura leaves are sometimes mixed with
ganja to produce more quickly and strongly. As
regards the other drugs, I know nothing about
their admixture for personal consumption or ad-
ministration to others.
57. I have never seen ganja or charas eaten.
119. Evidence of WARIS ALI, Retired Hospital Assistant, Bareilly.
The Evidence of this witness is the same as that of witness No. 118. and is not reprinted.
120. Evidence of S. P. ROY, Brahmin, Municipal Analyist, Allahabad.
1. Personal enquiries, observations and exper-
ience.
2. Besides the round, flat, and chur ganja,
which generally go under the name of baluchar
ganja, from the name of a place in Rajshahi where
it is solely cultivated and produced, there is ano-
ther variety of ganja sold in the markets of
Allahabad and other districts, and is called pathar
ganja. It comes from Khandwa and other south-
ern provinces of India. It is also found in flat-
tened masses, and in appearance much greener
than baluchar ganja, and is therefore called also
kacha ganja on account of this green colour. It
is said to be very harmful. It is much cheaper,
several times so than the baluchar ganja, which
is frequently adulterated with this so-called ka
cha ganja.
19. Besides smoking, ganja is used medicin-
ally in certain painful affections, as fomentations
or in the form of liniment made with oil and
other ingredients in bronchitis, asthma, and so-
called muscular rheumatism. Ganja is smoked
in the ordinary way. Charas is taken internally,
under hakims or vaid's advice or self-prescribed,
as aphrodisiac, and such practice is, I believe,
common enough in Bengal and North-Western
Provinces.
28. (a) A good chillum of ganja cost one pice.
Habitual moderate consumers use about five chil-
lums daily, and so the cost per diem comes to
about 15 pies, Pathar ganja will cost about one-
fourth of this, being considerably cheaper than
baluchar ganja. Chillum of charas costs about