231
mundry, Ellore, Narsapur, Peddupur, etc. Bhang
is not consumed. in these districts. Charas is not a
word in use, and it is not known here.
16. Bhang is not used here. It is not known if
it could be prepared from wild hemp. Charas is
not known here. There is no wild growth of ganja
here.
19. Ganja is used not only for smoking, but also
in preparing intoxicating stuff, called majum, halua
and some medicines. It is not known for what
other purposes ganja is used.
20. Ganja. Muhammadans on a large scale.
Sudras specially addicted to this habit to some ex-
tent. Religious devotees, such as bairagis and
bavajees. The proportion is too small, say about
10 per cent. amongst Muhammadans, and about 1
to 2 per cent. amongst Hindus, excluding bairagis
and bavajees, all of whom, without exception, smoke
ganja. The localities are those mentioned against
question No. 14.
24. None.
25. The use of ganja is slightly on the increase,
as it could be seen from the quantity of ganja
brought for sale into the licensed shops.
28. Three pie in case of ganja.
32. In social life, amongst lower orders, the
smoking of ganja is not taken objection to and so
religiously. In higher orders of society, there are
hardly any cases of ganja smoking. Consumers of
preparations made with ganja, such as majum,
halua, etc., are looked down in higher orders of
society. Religiously the consumption of ganja is
taken objection to. Ganja goes by the name of
gnanapatri. It means wisdom leaf. There is a
notion amongst certain classes of religionists that
ganja smoking helps steadiness of mind in devo-
tion.
33. The consumption of the drug is considered
as degrading. The public opinion against the con-
sumption is socially demoralising and degrading.
Religiously it is prohibited in this part of the
country. The use of ganja is in disrepute, as it is
considered to produce unwholesome effect on the
mind of the consumer, in making him unsteady in
his avocations, unfit to manage any business, unfit
to be the managing head of a family, and unsuit-
able generally for the purposes of society. It is
very often found to accelerate death in cases of ex-
tremes. Many instances are within my knowledge
in which parents of young men accustomed to the
use of this ganja and its preparations have had
serious thoughts about their sons' future. The plant
is not worshipped in this part of the country. To
show to what extent ganja smoking is despised, I
take the liberty to quote the following folk-song
sung in public dramas :—
There is nothing in the world to compare with
ganja.
There is no godliness equal to lying.
39. Both are considered to be more or less in-
jurious, because the smoker, though half conscious
under its influence, is equally emaciated as the
consumer.
40. Not by itself.
It is not used in the treat-
ment of cattle diseases.
41. No.
42. Even moderate use does harm, as it affects
the mind and health of the consumer to a greater
or less degree.
43. They are positively offensive.
44. It prevents the nervous weakness and mental
disturbance of the consumer. It is not refreshing.
It produces intoxication to a certain extent. It
slightly allays hunger, to produce it again with
double-fold effect immediately. It does not create
appetite. The duration of its effect depends upon
the dose. The effect is produced. if the dose is
increased over the usual quantity. There are often
effects of mental debility and physical weakness.
Want of subsequent gratification will produce
longing and uneasiness.
45. It is believed that even moderate use of this
will produce noxious effects physically, mentally
and morally. No case has been continually
watched to give a narrative account of it.
49. Yes.
51. Bad characters generally use this in large
quantities. It has no connection with crimes. It
is an auxiliary to gamblers, such as cock-fighters,
etc.
53. The excessive use of this drug does not incite
unpremeditated crimes. It produces timidity and
not excitement. I am not aware of any ease of
any homicidal frenzy.
5 4 . N o .
5 5 . N o .
45. Evidence of A. KRISHNAMACHARULU, Tahsildar, Bapatla, Kistna District.
1. As Tahsildar I have had the opportunity of
consulting the actual cultivators and dealers of
these drugs in this taluk ; and further on several
times had occasion to observe the consumers of
these drugs.
2. Terms bhang and subji are used in this taluk
and denote the dried leaves of the male plants, cul-
tivated in this part. Female plants are destroyed
and not at all used. Chains or the resinous juice is
not separately collected and is not used here.
The term ganja is applied to the dried flowering
tops of the male plants. These are called generally
(kalle). They are coated with resinous matter.
Seed is formed inside this kalle. The formation of
the seed is not prevented. Only one variety, i.e.,
flat ganja is prepared here. And it is known by
the simple name of ganja.
7. It is grown in the villages of Dagapad and
Pusapad, Bapatla Taluk, Kistna, District—
(1) For production of ganja.
( 2 ) F o r u s e a s b h a n g .
Fibre is not extracted from the plant here. The
seeds are carefully preserved for sowing, and they
are said to be also used occasionally for feeding
milch cows, etc.
8. The sale of this drug has been licensed since
July 1889. Before that, the cultivation was more
extensive, but now it is brought down to about 125
acres. A statement of its cultivation for the last
five years is attached.
9. Seed beds are first prepared, and seedlings
grown and daily watered till they grow up to a
span's height. The top leaves of the plants are then
nipped off, and the plants are allowed to grow in.
the same place till they put forth new leaves.
Thence they are transplanted in large fields pre
- p a r e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e . G e n e r a l l y f o u r o r f i v e
plants are put in together. The transplantation