52
19. Ganja aud charas are used for smoking only.
20. All Hindus, save Brahmins, smoke ganja
and charas. Bairagis, gosains, Hindus, Muham-
madan fakirs, and low class Muhammadans gener-
ally smoke charas and ganja.
21. Round ganja is preferred for smoking.
22. Yarkand charas is used in these provinces.
It comes from Amritsar, Punjab.
23. Bhang is never smoked. It is eaten or
drunk.
24. People of all castes eat and drink bhang.
I cannot say in what proportion. It is drunk in
hot season and eaten in cold season.
25. There is no increase or decrease.
27. Gosains, fakirs, and Gangaputra Choubays
of Muthra are excessive consumers of bhang, and
high class Hindus, who do not drink, are moderate
consumers of bhang.
28. Charas worth half anna to three annas
ganja from three pies to two annas, arid bhang
from half pice to seven pies can be consumed in
one day.
29. Dhatura seeds are mixed up with bhang to
make it strong. It is done by consumers and not
by sellers. Bhang is also fried to make it strong.
Souf, pepper, cardamom, almond, sugarcandy,
milk, rose water, and keora water are also mixed
up.
30. Ganja and charas are used in company, and
bhang is used in solitude as well as in company.
31. The habit is easily formed. It can easily
break off. The moderate use of it often leads to
excess.
32. The use of the drugs is prohibited by Shas-
tras and Shivahs ; but the Hindus who drink
bhang called it bijiar, and use it at Holi and
Shivratri and offer it to Mahadev.
33. The use of all intoxicating things is in dis-
repute. The use of bhang according to custom is
not now so much held in disrepute as the use of
drugs and liquors.
34. The Choubays of Muthra, the gosains, the
bairagis, the Muhammadan fakirs, and the
Hindus who do not drink would feel it seriously
if they are not allowed to use bhang. The num-
bers of each cannot be given.
35. The people are bound to obey Government,
but the masses will be dissatisfied if the Govern-
ment prohibits the use of these drugs. The pro-
hibition to use these drugs will make them drink
liquors, which are very costly.
36. Alcohol is not used in place of these drugs.
58. It is working well, and is not capable of
improvement.
68. Sakins and license-holders of these drugs
have shops where these drugs are consumed on the
premises. It is bad to have these shops, and is
full of evil consequences to the public.
69. No.
70. None.
37. Evidence of BABU CHANDU LAL, Khattri, Deputy Collector, Orai, Jalaun
District.
1. My answers are framed from my own per-
sonal experience and observations, supplemented
by a study of certain publications and enquiry
from experts. 1 saw ganja and bhang plants
growing wild at Naini Tal. I was an excise
officer for a few months in the Jaunpur district.
I have frequently seen ganja and charas being
smoked and I myself have occasionally used a cup
of bhang beverage and majum.
2. Yes. These definitions may be accepted
for the North-Western Provinces and Oudh.
Ganja consists of the young tops and unfertilized
female flowers, and older leaves and fruit vessels
bhang, and the resin charas.
Bhang is also known by the name of sabzi, buti,
vijia, harshni (the delight-giver), and kamalapati.
The following is a proverb in this connection :—
Translation.—Those who call it vijia are mad,
and those who call it bhang are ignorant Its
name is kamalapati, as it keeps the eyes full and
brilliant.
Charas is also known by the name of momea or
Sabrjahan (prepared in Nepal) and garda (prepared
in Punjab). Of this garda there are three sorts—
"lurkhai," "bhangra," and "khaki."
Ganja is known by the name of puthar ganja
(imported from the Holkar's territory), baluchur
(broken), gol (round), and chapta (flat) imported
from Bengal.
3. It grows wild in Bengal, also at Naini Tal,
Kumaon, Garhwal, Kashipur, Nagina (Bijnor
district), and Kashmir. It is acclimatized on the
plains of India generally.
4. In the North-Western Provinces and Oudh
it is known by the following names :—
Gulbhanga (female) and phulbhanga male) fibre
plant, bhang, ganja, and charas-ké-per.
6. Dense, so far as I am aware.
7. Yes. In Garhwal and Kumaon I am told
there are two varieties common there—the wild
and the cultivated. The former is practically use-
less either for the fibre or the drug. The culti-
vated form is for production of ganja, bhang, and
also for charas. The ganja produced here is con-
sidered of little value, and is probably not exported.
The people of Kumaon and Garhwal also grow the
plant on account of its fibre. The female plant
yields fibre, from which Bhungela cloth of Garh-
wal is manufactured, also called Kothla, Bora
Gajia, and ropes for bridges. Bhang is also pre-
pared in Oudh, in Terai, Parganas Gonda,
Bahraich, etc., and in Nagina in the Bijnor dis-
trict, where the hemp plant in its wild state
flourishes abundantly. Kashipur also furnishes
supplies.
9. It is grown on high land which is manured
and freed from weeds and ploughed up, and seeds
sown in May and June, and the plants are thinned
out if they come up too closely. It is mature
from September to November.
10. They do not form a special class, so far as
I am aware.
11. No, so far as I am aware.
12. It is cultivated. Antri, Gwalior, Sitapar,
Dutea, Garhwal, Kumaon, and Khandwa.
14. See answer to question 7.
Puthar ganja—Is cut by a sickle and made