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even longer. I attended a female patient who was
under the influence of bhang, and told me she had
taken bhang the day before. She wandered in her
conversation occasionally. On the third day she
told me that she felt a recurrence of the intoxi-
cation on taking food. She was a respectable
woman. She must have taken a dram of bhang. The
graduate mentioned above must have taken more.
It did not occur to me to be a peculiar symptom
that the intoxication should recur on taking food.
That is a common effect of the drug on a
beginner.
Question 39.—The observations contained in the
second part of my answer are not based on post
mortem examinations; they are derived from my
knowledge of general physiological laws. The
same effects might occur in a more moderate
degree from tobacco. I have not read Dr. Prain's
work on the cultivation of ganja in Bengal. I
have heard of cases in which ganja-smoking has
terminated in insanity. I know two or three
persons who used to take ganja and charas, and
are now insane. I cannot say whether they
had the alcohol habit also or not. People attribute
their insanity to the hemp drugs. I can men-
tion one case of simple ganja-smoking. He was a
distant relation of mine, and an old man when I
was a schoolboy. His ways were curious, and
people said his eccentricities were caused by ganja.
I know he was not used to take any liquor. He
was abusive, and used bad language. He had
remained in the same insane condition since he
was first attacked. He was sometimes violent,
but only in words, not acts. He did not go to an
asylum. I was then 13 or 14. He died when I
was 16 years of age. I know of no other cases,
which I can vouch for, of insanity caused by the
use of ganja without any other intoxicant. The
active principle of the drug is the resin.
Question 44.—I remember the case of a student
who took to ganja in his 17th or 18th year. He
acquired the habit through mixing in low com-
pany. He had a weak brain and was wanting in
self-control, or he would not have taken to low
company. He is quite mad now. This case oc-
curred in 1884. He is not in an asylum. I
cannot say if he is still alive. He lodged near me
in Calcutta. I did not hear of his drinking or
leading a vicious life. I consider he was half mad
before he took to ganja. I know several eases of
men who were alcohol-drinkers, and have taken
to ganja-smoking partly because they wanted in-
creased intoxication, and partly because of the
cheapness of the drug. At the time they took to
ganja their mind had, I think, been weakened by
alcohol. I can recall three such cases in which the
men are now pronounced insane. A neighbour of
mine told me of a case in which a single pull of
ganja by a beginner had caused death. I was
not an eye-witness of the case. The case of
the man who went insane from a single pull of
ganja did not come under my own observation.
My statement in regard to the sudden effects of a
single draught of ganja is based on hearsay.
Question 58.—In my answer recommending that
the use of bhang and charas may be allowed, but
the smoking of ganja stopped, I have Bengal and
the parts of the North-Western Provinces which I
know in my mind. Both ganja and charas are
consumed in the Etah district. I have found
all three drugs consumed everywhere. In the
eastern part of the North-Western Provinces
ganja is consumed more than charas. Charas
and ganja are both equally good for the voice.
They have the same effects. Charas is indispens-
able for singers, but ganja is too strong to be
recommended. The best charas comes from Nepal.
It is the strongest. I have not seen Garhwal
charas.
Evidence of ASSISTANT SURGEON RAM LAL CHUCKERBUTTY, Brahmin, in
charge of Bulrampur Hospital, Lucknow.
1. Experience gained during a period of more
than twenty-three years as a medical practitioner
and from general knowledge.
2. The definitions hold good generally with
reference to the North-Western Provinces and
Oudh, where bhang is also called buti or sabji,
and ganja and charas are also called sulfa.
"Flat ganja" and charas are usually sold in
these provinces; but "round ganja" is seldom
seen in these provinces.
N. B.—There are two varieties of both ganja
and charas in use in the North-Western Provin-
ces and Oudh. Of ganja the varieties are called
pathar and baluchar, the former being imported
from Malwa, Khandwa, and other places in
Central India, and the latter from Bengal and
Behar. Yarkandi or bhuri and the saljahani are
the two varieties of charas in use.
19. As far as known to me, ganja and charas
are used for smoking only. Flat ganja is,
however, often used in these provinces medici-
nally in external application. An oil is extracted
from the seeds of ganja, which is largely used in
cases of rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, and similar
painful diseases.
23. I have never known bhang being smoked.
28. Average daily allowance for habitual
moderate consumers of (1) bhang not more than
a tola, worth about half a pice; (2) ganja and
charas not more than half a tola, worth about an
anna for ganja, and about two annas and a half
for charas.
No average daily allowance can be stated for
habitual excessive consumers; but, as a rule, not
more than two chittacks of bhang, worth about an.
anna and a half, or half a chittack of ganja or
charas, worth about five to twelve annas, are
daily used by them.
29. Bhang when used as thandai (i.e., tritu-
rated with water and dissolved very freely in it)
is ordinarily mixed with the following articles :—
(1) black pepper, (2) aniseed, (3) dhania. Ex-
ceptionally it is mixed with (1) those already
mentioned, (2) dried leaves of rose flower, (3)
seeds of khira, kakri, kharbuja, tarbuz, kahu,
khurfa, kasni, (4) liquorice, (5) sometimes dry
ginger, (6) poppy seeds, (7) almonds, (8) kishmis
or raisins, (9) big and small cardamoms, (10)
keura or rose water, (11) milk, (12) sugar.
These articles are known as bhang massala. The
object of mixing these articles with bhang is to
counteract the injurious effects of the drug, and to
give a flavour and relish. Habitual consumers
of bhang generally use the ordinary mixture.
The exceptional mixture is used mostly by occa-
sional consumers and well-to-do people, and on