191
Of course the habitual excessive use of any of
these drugs weakens many of the organs, and it
is found out by experience and common sense that
the organs which were weak in parents are similar
in their offspring.
49. Apparently they are not used for sexual
strength, but for pleasure and intoxication.
Moreover, bhang is used to bring on more in-
clination for food.
50. Apparently the desire of more intoxication
in Tamil, ganja; in Burmese, bin; in Malay,
increases the quantity of their use and their bad
effects are worse. The sexual powers and diges-
tion are lost.
56. Its answer is stated against the 29th ques-
tion.
57. Ganja and charas are used in smoking and
bhang in drinking methods here; but small
quantities of charas are mixed with bhang occa-
sionally.
130. Evidence of MANOHER PERSHAD TEWARI, Brahmin, Practitioner in Medicine
and Surgery, Cawnpore.
1. I am an inhabitant of these provinces, and
have been living, moving, and practising as
Assistant Surgeon in Government dispensaries
and in private practice among the people of these
provinces, and of observing their effect and ob-
taining information regarding the matters con-
nected with them in several localities and dis-
tricts.
2. Bhang.—Thandai and bijia are two other
names given to bhang in these provinces. It is
of three varieties—
(a) Composed of "bhurie," or brown leaves.
(b) Composed of "sabz," or green leaves.
(c) Consisting of "zarad," or pale leaves,
Called bhure pattie, sabz pattie, and zarad pat-
tie, respectively,
Charas is of three kinds—
(a) Sheljehan.— Superior kind, dark green or
blackish in appearance.
(J) Sabz or green variety, second in quality.
(c) Bhura or brown charas, third quality.
The two latter qualities or kinds are adulterated
ones.
Ganja.—There are three kinds of this—
(a) Baluchar, or superior kind, is flat in shape ;
its buds are reddish and flatter than
the other kinds; and its tree smaller.
(6) Pathar ganja.—The flowering tops and
buds are round in shape, larger in size,
green ; it is second quality.
(c) Chur or broken ganja consists of broken
down flowering tops of either kinds
of ganja.
Yes, these definitions may be accepted for our
province.
Charas is said to be collected in a peculiar way
from the plants. Those who wish to collect this
wear leather apparel, with which they go about
amidst the plants, rubbing them closely, by
which means the resin gets collected on them, i.e.,
the skins, which is afterwards scratched and
thoroughly removed from them.
3. It grows spontaneously in all such places
which border on or near the Himalayan mountains
and other bills connected with them—as Kumaun,
Garhwal, Nepal, the Punjab, Kashmir, Vindhia-
chal Mountains.
It grows very abundantly in Farukhabad,
Bareilly, Bijnor, Bahraich, Gonda, Muzaffarnagar,
Patna, Khandwa, Hoshiarpur, Gujrat and Jaga-
dhri in the Punjab.
4. It is called Cannabis saliva in Latin ; in
English, Cannabis indica; in Persian, bhang; in
Hindustani, ganja; in Arabic, kurnuhor kanul;
ganja, gujji. Ganja, charas, bhang, and its pre-
paration, majum, refers exactly to the same plant.
5. It grows in cold and damp climates and
moist soils and low-lying places underneath the
hills above the sea level during and after the rainy
seasons.
6. Its growth is ordinarily dense.
7. It is cultivated for the sake of ganja and
bhang to a great extent in Gwalior, Patna,
Khandwa, Gonda, Bahraich, Bijnor, Bareilly,
Hoshiarpur and Jagadhri in the Punjab. For
bhang alone in Farukhabad, Meerut, and Muzaf-
farnagar, etc.
8. Yes, there has been considerable increase in
the area under such cultivation for the sake of
trade.
9. It is cultivated in soils which are either
sandy, half sandy, or hard soils, just after the
rainy season. The soil is first well dug and pre-
pared, and then seeds are thrown over it. After
a few days these germiuate and grow into plants
and flower in season, when they are cut above
their roots, which again flourish the next year as
before. In this way the plants continue giving
their products every year, Only the ground is
required to be prepared, watered, and manure
supplied or added to it, so that one seed is suffi-
cient for several years.
10. Those who cultivate hemp for its narcotic
properties do not form any special class, but one
of the same class, as other agricultural cultivators.
11. The plants cultivated for the production of
ganja are raised from the seeds of the wild hemp,
but yield ganja very sparingly, or nothing at all
if cultivated in soils other than that necessary for
its production.
12. As far as my information on the subject
extends, I think wild hemp is nowhere cultivated
for the production of ganja, and I do not know
any districts in which this occurs, nor can I say
that the male plant is extirpated in such cases.
13. The cultivation of the hemp plant for ganja
is not restricted, but is peculiar to some districts
only, as those which border on or near the Hima-
layan mountains. It is said to be cultivated in
Gwalior districts and Nepal territory ana the
Punjab, for the soil of these places is naturally
favourable to its growth. The cultivation is not
and cannot he common to all districts. There are
special conditions ofclimate, soil, rainfall, elevation
above the sea level, etc. which are necessary for the
cultivation of hemp for producing ganja. It
cannot grow to yield ganja sufficiently in any of the
districts or parts in our province, excepting Kumaun
and Garhwal, and other hilly tracts or places ad-
jacent to them. Its cultivation in our provinces
appears impossible.