167
26. The habitual and occasional excessive con-
sumers of both ganja and bhang are bairagis,
weavers and Maruvars. They are also the habi-
tual moderate consumers. The other classes are
occasional and moderate consumers.
27. Rude classes. Indolent habits lead to the
practice.
28. Ganja, 3 pies weight, worth two pies, is
enough for (a) consumers ; 9 pies weight, worth
six pies, is wanted by (b) consumers.
Bhang one-quarter to three tolas by a moder-
ate consumer, about three up to six tolas by
excessive consumers. The price of bhang per
tola is two pies.
29. For ordinary ingredients vide answer to
question 15. No exceptional ingredients are
mixed. Dhatura is not so used. Tobacco is
admixtured to add flavour, the other ingredients
are used to make the preparation palatable and to
promote digestion. Bhang massala is the ingre-
dient already described, vide answer to question
15.
30. Smoking and drinking ganja is done in
company and eating in solitude. The consump-
tion is mainly confined to the male sex. Puru-
nathi for children is administered to children.
31. Habit easily formed ; difficult to break off,
like every other habit. There is tendency to
develop into the excessive. The Head Assistant
Collector says : " Differs in tendency with differ-
ent constitutions."
32. Ganja is offered to Karuppana Swami and
other deities and then taken. The pusari takes
the offered quantities for his use. The use of the
drug in connection with such custom is regarded
as essential. The offertory varies with the means
of votary. The offertory may lead to a develop-
ment of the habit by the pusari.
33. Some of the consumers take it as a medicine.
Public opinion is against the practice. Its use is
regarded as vicious, and one who uses it, becomes
unfit for the conduct of business of life. Hence
the public opinion is against it. The plant is not
worshipped.
34. The consumers of both ganja and bhang
who use it to overcome exhaustion may feel it a
privation to forego the practice.
35. May be prohibited. Will be consumed
illicitly then. Prohibition may be enforced by
making cultivation, manufacture, sale, etc., penal.
Discontent not serious. No political danger.
The prohibition may be followed by recourse to
other stimulants and drugs.
36. No. One shopkeeper has, however, stated
in reply to the first part " Yes."
37. Charas is not known here.
38. Onl y f l at ganj a i s us ed her e.
39. There is not much difference. Smoking if
in excess is also injurious. The Head Assistant
Collector says : " Smoking is said to be more in-
jurious." Just as with tobacco, there is a liability
that the throat and sight may become affected.
Such liability seems slight.
40. Prescribed to promote digestion, to revive
appetite and to check diarrhœa. Used to a limited
extent in the treatment of cattle disease.
41. Moderate use of bhang is reported as bene--
ficial. The Deputy Collector, Madura Division,
M. R. R. P. Theenathayalu Naidugaru, replies
this part of the question in the negative. All
classes use bhang when administered as a medicine.
Both the uses are referred to.
42. Mr. E. L. Vaughan, Acting Sub-Collector,
replies thus : " I have no reason to believe it
harmful if used in moderation any more than is
tobacco to a European." M. R. R. P. Theena--
thayalu Naidugaru, Acting Deputy Collector,
Madura, writes : "Not harmless. Consumers lose
health gradually." Mr. Walter Francis, Acting
Head Assistant Collector, says : " Moderate use
appears to be quite harmless and to be even
beneficial."
43. Inoffensive.
44. It is refreshing. It produces temporary
lethargy. It does not allay hunger markedly and
is even alleged to create appetite. The effects do
not altogether disappear for some few hours.
Only after-effect seems to be a slight lethargy.
Absence of subsequent gratification produces long-
ing.
45. M. R. R. P. Theenathayalu Naidugaru
answers all the questions in the affirmative. Mr.
Walter Francis answers the questions in the nega-
tive. Smoking is said to cause some throat affec-
tions.
46. The first named officer mentioned in the
answer to question 45 says : " Produces all the
above effects." The second named officer says :
" Habitual excessive use has been known to impair
the intellect."
47. No.
48. No.
49. The drug is said to be aphrodisiac, but
there is no general employment of it for this pur-
pose ; not by prostitutes. There is not much
difference. Impotence may be produced. One
shopkeeper stated that it increased potency. The
Head Assistant Collector says, in reply to the
last question, " not as far as can be ascertained."
50. Nil.
51. No. Moderate use has no connection with
crimes.
53. No.
54. Not as far as can be ascertainable.
55. No cases have occurred here. It is said
that complete stupefaction can be thus induced
without admixture.
56. The substances mixed with it here are used
to add flavour. Dhatura is not admixtured.
57. It is stated that no differences are notice-
able. One individual said that if ganja is drunk
intoxication is greater.
58. The present system works well.
60. Cultivation is very limited. No addition--
al provisions are required. The process of its pre-
paration is sufficiently controlled.
61. Charas is not produced here.
62. No control seems required. The use of the
plant is no way abused, nor is ganja cheap.
63. No objection.
64. No.
65. Ganja and bhang are taxed alike. The
consumers are poor and an increase in taxation
would cause discontentment.
66. Not necessary. Flat ganja is much used
here.
67. The ultimate incidence falls now on the
consumer.
68. No such houses or shops.
69. Yes, municipalities and other local bodies
are consulted. Shops are located at reasonable
distances where necessary, so that all consumers