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other places, such as Shahabad in the Hardoi
district in Oudh, which is known by the name of:
"zarda."
3. This district of Bareilly does not produce
hemp for the sake of ganja, charas and bhang.
4. Bhang besides the names in this question, bears
the names of buti, bijia and zarda.
14. As far as I know, the hemp plant is not
cultivated in the Bareilly district for the sake of
ganja, charas, and bhang.
15. Ganja and charas are generally smoked like
tobacco in chillum, but bhang is consumed in
different ways, viz., some eat and drink it after
powdering and dissolving it in water, while others
take dry leaves mixed with sugar ; but it is general-
ly consumed by powdering and dissolving it in
water.
18. Dampness of the rainy season often spoils all
these three drugs, and their effect is somewhat
lessened after a year's time unless they are pre-
served from dampness.
19. Ganja and charas are generally smoked in
chillum mixed with tobacco, and sometimes are
smoked without the aid of tobacco by a pipe applied
to a pit dug in the earth.
20. Ganja and charas are generally consumed by
most of the Hindu devotees as well as by other
illiterate and uncivilized persons of both cities and
villages.
23. Bhang has never been heard of being smoked
in the chillum.
24. Bhang is extensively used by Hindu devotees,
Brahmins, and other Hindus of different sects, but
Muhammadans rarely use it.
25. All these three drugs are abundantly con-
sumed in these days, as early marriage has under-
mined the constitution of the people, and hence they
use stimulants.
27. Hindu devotees use ganja and charas abund-
dantly for the sake of self-restraint.
Chaube
Brahmins of Muthra are much accustomed to use
bhang for the sake of taking their food in an usually
large quantity, and to give relish to it.
29. The spices used with bhang are black pepper,
sonf, kasni, melon seed, kahu seeds, khearan seeds,
and almond, milk and sugar, which are used in
special cases. Sometimes dhatura seeds are also
mixed with bhang, ganja, and charas for the sake
of augmenting their intoxicating effect.
30. All these three drugs are commonly used
in assembly and seldom in seclusion, and are con-
fined to the male sex only.
31. The habit of using these drugs is caught
from bad company, and by and by becomes exces-
sive, when it is difficult to break it off.
32. It is customary among the Chaube Brah-
mins of Muthra to use bhang in order to promote
their appetite, because the pilgrims who go there
search for such Chaubes as eat a large quantity.
33. The use of ganja and charas is commonly
thought of bad, but the Hindus are in favour of
both bhang and ganja as well as charas, for in
ganja and charas they find means of subduing
their passions, while they use bhang for the con-
centration of mind. But in my opinion the use of
every intoxicating thing is bad and causes infamy ;
because when a man is under the influence of any
sort of intoxication he loses his senses, is apt to
hazard his own life and property as well as others,
and consequently is reduced to great poverty through
extravagance. At the same time he becomes unfit
for work or labour, and falls a victim to such
diseases as lead to an untimely end. Such a man
is at times also offensive to others.
34. The Hindu devotees will be put to great in-
convenience if the consumption of these drugs is
prohibited; they will become idle, and will be
disturbed in their religious contemplation.
The
Chaubes of Muthra and other Brahmins in Oudh
who are addicted to their use will also suffer in such
a case.
35. The use of ganja and charas should be
strictly prohibited, exemption being made in case of
Hindu devotees alone.
37. Charas widely differs from ganja—first, in
the excess of intoxication; and, second, in this that,
when it is smoked, it sometimes gives rise to such a
flame as often affects the heart and causes sudden
death.
40. Bhang is prescribed by the native physicians
of India, and is also used as medicine for certain
cattle diseases.
41. Bhang is digestive of food. Bhang relieves
pain and fatigue, and native physicians of India
often prescribe bhang as medicine for certain dis-
eases.
42. The use of ganja and charas, except in the
case of fakirs, seems to be pernicious, even when
moderately used—and for these reasons—first,
because it destroys all faculties; second, because it
weakens and enfeebles the constitution ; and, third,
because it produces phlegm. For the above reasons
the smoker of these drugs becomes worthless and
unable to support himself.
44. Ganja and charas bring a habitual smoker
immediately under the influence of their intoxica-
tion, while bhang produces its effect after an hour,
moreover increases appetite.
45. The habitual smoker of ganja and charas
often labours under general debility and cough
which reaches the stage of asthma.
46. Excessive use of every drug is dangerous.
Ganja and charas produce weakness and idleness
and puzzle the brain.
48. The excessive use of ganja and charas is very
mischievous, which at last produces chronic cough,
and makes man lean and useless.
55. Criminals in order to further their designs
induce their victims to partake of these three
drugs, and so stupefy themselves. Complete stupe-
faction can sometimes be induced by charas with-
out admixture.
56. Bhang with mixture of dhatura seeds pro-
duces insensibility.
57. Ganja and charas are never heard to be eaten
or drunk, but they are smoked in chillum without
tobacco.