96
from those of ganja. It is more intoxicating and
far more weakening. It renders the blood black
and deficient in quantity. It is principally used
by fakirs and sadhus, and has no good effects at
all. The intoxication produced by smoking charas
lasts longer than that from ganja. The smoking
of ganja strengthens the smoker while the intoxi-
cation lasts, and also increases the appetite.
Charas does neither of these things. Charas also
destroys all capacity for sexual intercourse.
38. The round ganja is a little more intoxicat-
ing than the other forms; but the effects are the
same for all three.
39. There is no ganja preparation smoked which
is less injurious than drinking bhang. The
drinking of bhang causes no injury in most cases
while the smoking of ganja is injurious if it is
used frequently.
40. Ganja and charas are not used in medicine.
Bhang is, however, used sometimes both externally
and internally. Ganja is used in the treatment
of cattle disease with advantage, especially in
foot and mouth disease and in " fasi."
41. Bhang is useful as a food accessory and
digestive, and to alleviate fatigue. It is not used
as a febrifuge. It is used to alleviate mental
pain. All classes, but especially Marwaris and
Pardeshis, use bhang for these purposes. Ganja
is used to excite the appetite, and to give staying-
power under exertion, and also as a prevention of
disease in forest tracts, and is useful for these
purposes if used in moderation and occasionally.
Ganja is largely used by labourers and forest
people for these purposes. Charas in moderate
use is in no way beneficial. Bhang used for the
above purposes in moderate quantities and habi-
tually is beneficial. Of dwellers in the forest
about 40 per cent. smoke ganja, and of dwellers
in town about 10 per cent. of the labourers smoke
it. Ganja, costing one pice, will give as much
effects as liquor costing four pice.
42. Charas is in no way beneficial. The
moderate use is harmful, as it reduces the appetite
and weakens the body.
43. Moderate consumers are inoffensive to their
neighbours.
44. Ganja is refreshing and a little intoxicating.
It does not allay hunger, but creates an appetite.
Its effects last about three hours, and it leaves the
smoker disinclined for any effort. The want of
subsequent gratification produces both longing
and uneasiness. Bhang is refreshing. It pro-
duces intoxication, which lasts little longer than
that of ganja. It increases the appetite and
leaves no after-effects. The want of subsequent
gratification does not produce any great longing
or uneasiness. Charas is intoxicating and allays
hunger. The intoxicating effect lasts longer than
that of ganja, but less than that of bhang. The
want of subsequent gratification would produce
longing and uneasiness.
45. (a ), (b), (c), (d), and (e) No, as regards
bhang and ganja.
(f) No, as regard all three drugs.
46. All these drugs used in excess cause loss of
appetite and weaken the constitution and induce
l a z i n e s s . Th e y e n g e n d e r a d e s i r e f o r mi l k a n d
sweet things. All these drugs in excess cause
insanity of a permanent nature. The persons who
become insane from their use are noisy and wander
about, but are not violent unless interfered with.
I know of no typical symptoms.
47. The habitual moderate use of these drugs
is not hereditary, though children of moderate
consumers would learn the habit from their parents.
The children of moderate consumers are, as a rule,
weaker than those of others.
48. Same as to 47 ; but the habitual excessive
consumers have fewer children.
49. Ganja and bhang in moderate quantities
are used as aphrodisiacs occasionally. It is so
used by prostitutes. The use for this purpose is
not more injurious than its use as an ordinary
narcotic. All three drugs in excess produce im-
potence, and charas in small quantities also does.
51. I should say that about 95 per cent. of bad
characters are ganja smokers either in moderate
quantities or in excess. There is no special con-
nection between ganja and crime. Ganja smoking
does not cause a man to become a bad character ;
but the bad characters are drawn from the lowest
classes, who indulge most in ganja.
53. No.
54. No.
55. Both ganja, and bhang are used by criminals
to stupefy their victims. Complete stupefaction
can be produced by either drug without any ad-
mixture if the victim is not in the habit of using
the drug.
56. Tobacco mixed with ganja, produces less
intoxication. It is used by moderate consumers.
Arsenic produces more intoxication. Its effects
are more powerful than ganja, and it produces
complete stupefaction. It shortens life and pro-
duces madness.
Dhatura is also mixed with ganja; but its effects
are less than the admixture of white arsenic and
ganja. These two are only used by excessive ha-
bitual consumers. Dhatura and ganja mixed are
used occasionally by bad characters to stupefy
their victims if for any reason they wish to pro-
duce greater insensibility.
57. I know of no such customs.
Oral evidence.
Question 29.—It is sadhus who mix white
arsenic with ganja for smoking. I have made
enquiries at the Durdadari temple in Wardha.
A masha or half masha is put into a pipe. A
ma s ha i s 1/ 12- t h of a t ol a . Some s a dhus t a ke a s
much as 3 mashas in a pipe full of tobacco. I have
not seen it so used. My information is derived
from enquiries. It is mixed for purposes of in-
toxication and not to keep up warmth. Copper
pice are employed in manufacturing bhang for
drinking in order to increase the intoxicating
effect.
Question 34. —The consumers of ganja are la-
bourers who are also drinkers of liquor. If de-
prived of ganja, they would take to other drugs or
confine themselves to liquor and would not feel
inconvenience. Jowari root is the root of the ordi-
nary jowari (Sorghum). It is pounded and mix-
ed with water and ghee and then boiled. In this
process an oil rises to the surface, which is taken
off and made into sweetmeats. It is intoxicating.
This preparation is used at marriages, and its
qualities are generally known. The preparation
is made up by halwais. It is more intoxicating
than bhang, but less so than ganja. It grips the
throat. Jowari root is not mixed with ganja for
smoking.