235
166. Evidence of SAYAD MASOOM ALI, Hakim, Agra.
19. Ganja and charas only for smoking, not for
drinking. Rarely native physicians use charas as
a medicine to prolong sexual intercourse, but not
so used in Agra. In my opinion it injures, but to
a person of lymphatic temperament during sexual
intercourse it produces dryness, and causes increase
in the act, and aids erection, or in a cold climate
it causes heat. These drugs are much used in
India.
28. According to medical doctrine, and from ex-
perience, I can say that bhang is not smoked. It
is used in several other ways. It is used by
Hindus. Its dose is seven mashas ; and if more
is taken by one unaccustomed, it kills. I have
heard that the Chaubes of Mathra drink one pao
of bhang.
28. Bhang—moderate consumer, half pice ;
those in excess, one pice. Ganja—moderate smok-
ers, two pice ; those who use in excess, one anna.
Charas—moderate consumer, one anna ; those in
excess, two annas.
29. With charas and ganja tobacco is mixed.
Opium and nuxvomica are not mixed, because
these are poisons. With bhang sounf and kasni,
almonds and red roses, milk and sugar are mixed.
30. In private, people use them in moderation ;
in company they go to excess. Moderate dose of
bhang, six mashas ; of ganja, two maghas ; and of
charas, one masha. Usually used by males, rarely
by prostitutes. Old and young, as they are weak,
seldom use it.
31. As bhang has a good taste, people become
easily habituated, but the habit of smoking ganja
and charas is acquired with difficulty, because
these are acrid. It is said that the habit of ganja
and charas smoking can be left easily than that of
bhang drinking.
32. No religious custom makes the use of these
drugs essential, but in the Hindu religion it is
administered to Shibji, and Hindus consider it
good.
37. Charas and ganja smoking have the same
effect ; charas is more potent. These differ from
those of bhang, which latter takes a longer time
to. produce its effects and makes a man merry.
Bhang as it is drink is cooling in its effects ; the
others are not, and produce bilious diseases, remit-
tent fever, hectic fever, meningitis, phthisis,
asthma. Bhang produces lymphatic diseases, as
fever caused by lymphatic humour, cough, cold,
paralysis, &c.
40. Bhang is used more in treatment than
charas and ganja. It is also used in the treat-
ment of cattle diseases.
41. Nutritive and digestive. Will be able to
bear heat, not cold and fatigue. In wet situations
and for people of lymphatic temperament, it is
useful in fever and cholera.
42. According to medical doctrine nothing has
been created uselessly by God ; some are more
beneficial and less injurious and vice versa.
Charas and ganja cause more injury than bhang,
because they act at once on the brain ; that bhang
does not so act, and has cold and hot properties
mixed in it. Those who smoke ganja and charas
they become affected with bronchitis and asthma.
The reason for ganja and charas being injurious is
that these are not used by physicians, neither
prescribed in books.
44. According to the medical doctrine, ganja
and charas act at once, and bhang takes long time.
Bhang causes laziness and indolence and malaise,
particularly to persons of lymphatic temperaments.
Smoking ganja and charas cause vertigo, dryness,
uneasiness, particularly during heat, because both
of these injure the heart. To strong and habitu-
ated, it causes no injury, not even intoxication.
Most lose appetite. Bhang in the beginning
causes appetite. But at last the appetite is lost.
Undoubtedly even in moderate doses charas if used
against the temperament it produces disorder of
the brain, injures morality, disorders digestion,
causes dysentery, bronchitis and asthma, etc.
Those who use bhang on account of excess of
lymph become affected with rheumatism, paralysis,
etc. As blood and spirit are deficient in produc-
tion, such consumers are impotent, but they usual-
ly become thieves : when they have no money,
they are obliged to steal. As these drugs act on
the brain, surely they might become insane, al-
though no such patient has yet come under my
treatment.
46. Answered in question 45.
47. Those whose ancestors use it might do so
and so it might be considered hereditary.
48 Described in answer 47.
49. All three cause impotence ; but to persons
of lymphatic temperament, charas and ganja are
aphrodisiacs. In my opinion, prostitutes use them
for intoxication, and to make them shameless
during coitus. I have seen ganja-smokers become
impotent.
50. Ganja is mixed with nothing else, but
tobacco for smoking. Dhatura, nux vomica and
opium are mixed to kill others, not to kill himself.
57. I have never heard that ganja and charas
are eaten ; had it been so, my experience would
surely have made it known to me.
167. Evidence of SYAD AULAD HOSSAIN, Hakim, Agra.
1. From our books and experience.
2. Charas is dust and dew. which collects on the
bhang plant. The properties of ganja, charas and
bhang are nearly the same. These are dry and
warm ; come from Kashmir and Kabul ; intoxicat-
ing and astringent more than opium. Whether
applied externally or administered internally, these
are injurious to the brain, cause syncope, and
weaken the heart.
19. Ganja and charas are smoked. Ave ingre-
dients in astringent medicines, both externally
and internally, and much used in India.
23. Bhang is not used for smoking. If it is smok-
ed in any other country, we are unaware of its use.
28. We do not know its price. Contractors
and consumers know it. Those who use less are
injured less than those who use it in excess. These
are injurious when used internally or externally.
29. If dhatura, opium, nux-vomica, conium,
and hyoscyamus are mixed with these drugs, then
vol. v.
2 L 2