123
(b) Charas, 2½ tolas to 1 cluttack.
Ganja, 1 chittack to 2 chittacks.
Bhang, 1 chittack.
29. (a) Tobacco is usually mixed with charas and
ganja. Bhang is usually mixed with black pepper.
(b) Bhang is sometimes mixed with cardamoms,
almonds, sugar, milk, rose leaves, cucumber seeds
and raisins.
Bhang massala is sold in bazar. It consists of
bhang mixed with the ingredients given above.
30. Women do not consume these drugs as a
rule, except prostitutes. It is not usual for children
to consume these drugs.
31. The habit of consuming is easily formed and
is difficult to break off, the process being accom-
panied by severe pains in the arms and legs, and
sometimes diarrhoea. It is not necessary to go on
increasing the quantity consumed to produce desired
effect.
32. Not used in connection with religion.
Chaube Brahmins of Mathra and Hurdwar use
these drugs largely, but not in connection with
their religious ceremonies.
37. Charas produces greater physiological effects
than ganja.
Bhang-drinking and ganja and
charas-smoking have practically the same effects on
individuals, except that bhang excites the sexual
passions ; charas and ganja do not.
39. Drinking bhang is less injurious than smok-
ing ganja or charas, and it is said not to produce
insanity, as is the case when charas and ganja are
smoked to great excess. Insanity is frequently
undoubtedly due to ganja and charas-smoking.
40. I don't think these drugs are much used
medicinally. Some native doctors use decoctions
of bhang as an external application to relieve pain
in acute local inflammations.
41. (a) The moderate use of bhang, ganja and
charas are said to excite the appetite and aid diges-
tion.
(b) They stimulate the nervous system, and
give staying-power for the time being.
(c) Not used particularly for this purpose.
42. The moderate use of these drugs does not
appear to be harmful.
44. The immediate effect of the moderate use
of these drugs on the consumer is to lighten the
intellect and cause a feeling of capacity for work.
It stimulates the appetite, and does away with the
feeling of fatigue after exertion. The want of
subsequent gratification produces the opposite
effects, i.e., a general feeling of malaise, fatigue,
loss of appetite, pains in the limbs and diarrhœa
occasionally.
45. In moderate doses it does not appear to have
any effect in producing disease.
In excess it undoubtedly produces insanity, us-
ually mania of a pronounced type.
The insanity due to ganja and charas-smoking
is usually temporary, and insanes who have been
cured readily confess to a history of ganja-smoking.
No doubt in many cases of insanity supposed to be
due to ganja, the ganja-smoking is a symptom of
the disease and not the cause.
46. See remarks on question 45.
49. Bhang is undoubtedly used as an aphrod-
isiac. It is used by prostitutes. Bhang does not
appear to produce impotence; but charas and ganja,
if smoked to excess, do eventually cause loss of
sexual power,
50. See last question.
56. Bhang is mixed with black pepper and
other carminatives, as without them it tends to
produce colic. Dhatura is used, mixed with bhang
by criminals, to drug their intended victims.
57. Ganja and charas are never eaten and drunk
in this province.
84 Evidence of SURGEON-CAPTAIN R. R. WEIR, Superintendent, Central Jail,
Fatehgarh.
1. During practice in India, as Surgeon in
charge of regiments, as Civil Surgeon, and as
Surgeon of jails.
2. Bhang, sabzi, and patti are names given in
these parts to the leaves. Charas and ganja are
also the known names in these provinces. Flat
and broken ganja are known here.
19. They are only used for smoking.
23. No.
28. Of ganja a moderate consumer takes from ½
a pice to 1 pice daily : an excessive habitual con-
sumer would take 3 pice daily. Of charas a
moderate consumer takes from ½ to 1 pice daily :
an excessive consumer 4 pice worth. Of bhang a
moderate consumer takes from ½ a tola to ¼ chit-
tack : an excessive consumer up to 1 chittack daily.
29. Tobacco is ordinarily mixed with ganja and
charas. Nothing else is mixed with these drugs.
Ordinarily, black pepper is mixed with bhang, and
exceptionally, sonf, and seeds of melons, cucumbers
and kakri, on account of their cooling effect. These
last form the ingredients of " bhang massala."
30. Charas and ganja seem to be taken in com-
pany. Bhang seems generally to be taken alone.
Bhang is also taken by women, but rarely : charas
and ganja seem only to be taken by prostitutes.
It is not usual here to give any of these drugs to
children.
31. The habit seems easily acquired in all three
drags. There seems no difficulty in breaking off
bhang, except that for four or five days there is
desire for it. In the case of charas and ganja, con-
siderable malaise is experienced for several days.
There seems to be a tendency in all three drugs to
increase the amount, if it can be procured.
36. I cannot say.
37. Charas seems to have more lasting effect than
ganja, and both have a sedative effect.
40. (a) Bhang is given in treatment of piles
externally.
(b) Bhang is sometimes given to animals suffer-
ing from the effects of heat.
41. Bhang, charas, and ganja all seem to be
taken as an accessory to digestion.
(b) Also to alleviate fatigue.
(c) None seem to act as preventive of fever.
44. The immediate effects of ganja and charas
seem to be intoxication; with bhang, at first a
feeling of refreshment and later of intoxication.
Bhang allays hunger, and when intoxication sets
in hunger begins, and the same with charas and
ganja. The effects of ganja last an hour; of
charas an hour and a half; of bhang six hours.
After bhang there seems no after-effect.
After
vol. V.
U 2