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77. Evidence of Mr. G. HADFIELD, Deputy Conservator of Forests, South
Malabar.
1. My experience with the people of the many
districts in the Madras Presidency where I have
been employed.
2. No. I know of only two sorts here, ganja,
and chadaganja. both the round ganja and broken
ganja are known here by the simple name of ganja,
and flat ganja by the name of chadaganja.
3. I know of no districts where it grows spon-
tancously.
4. By the simple name of ganja.
5. In alluvial soil the plant grows well. It
grows well up to 3,000 feet above the level of the
sea.
6. I have only seen wild hemp cultivated in the
backyards by these addicted to it, where it grows
densely.
7. Vide my answer to question 6. It is intend-
ed for production of ganja chiefly and for charas
also which is called locally majum.
9. It is raised by seed in the nursery, and
transplanted when they are about three or four
inches high, six feet apart in well-manured pits.
10. There is no special class that takes to the
cultivation of ganja. I have seen all nationalities
cultivating it more or less.
11. Yes.
12. Yes. Wynaad, Malabar, Tinnevelly, Madura,
Tanjore, Trichinopoly, Coimbatore, Kurnool, Goda
-vary and Cuddapah. Yes the male plant is extir
- p a t e d .
14. ( a) Yes.
(b) Yes.
(c) Yes.
In big towns they are prepared and sold in
bazaars.
15. The following are the preparations that
know of : –
A. Smokimy.—Ganja or chadaganja and tobacco
are taken in two to one, and cut very finely, and
mixed after rubling in the palm of the band for
some time, and smoked in different models of pipes.
The mole rubbed the more the intoxicating effect,
-they say (smokers).
B. Ealing.—The dried leaves are eaten with
fried peas, and also powdered and mixed with
meat and fried.
C . D r i n k i n g . — C h a d a g a n j a i s f i r s t s o a k e d i n
cold water for one or two hours, and then ground
and mixed with milk, water and jaggery syrup,
and spices are also added. Tins mixture is called
bhang.
16. Yes.
17. By the consumers generally and sweet
-meat-makers too.
19. No. They smoke, eat and drink.
20. The poorer classes and bairagis, sanyasis and
other religious mendicants.
21. Chadagauja.
29. Tobacco, piggery,, flesh and fried peas.
30. (a) Mostly practised in company and rarely
in solitude.
(b) Yes.
31. (a) Yes.
(c) Yes ; I hear.
33. The Hindus consider ganja as the hair on
god Siva's head and some that are addicted to its
use worship it. The bairagis and sany ea is are the
people that mostly worship it.
35. (a) Yes.
(b) I think so.
(c) By stringent rules.
36. I do not think it is.
40. Yes.
41. I think so, as I see some of the hill tribes
using it.
42. I consider it very harmful, as I see persons
addicted to it getting cough in the long run and
becoming emaciated.
43. They are not offensive.
45. (b) and (c) Yes.
(d) Asthma.
(e) Produces laziness and in the long run
impotency.
49. (a) Yes.
62. It should be controlled.
78. Evidence of MR. C. E. HARDIE, District Forest Officer, Manantoddy,
North Malabar.
1. A residence of four years among the hill
tribes of the Wynaad.
2. "Bhang" and "ganja" are synonymous terms
in the Wyeaad for the unfertilized flowering tops
of the female hemp plant, dried and pressed. The
other names are not known in the Wynaad.
3. The hemp plant grows spontaneously from
the seeds of cultivated plants adjacent, hut these
are few and scattered. I have seen such plants
in the Travancore and Tinnevelly ghats and in
the Wynaad. I have never seen the plant wild
W here there was no cultivated plant near.
4. I know of only one plant called bhang and
ganja. Hindustani-talking people call it bhang.
Malayans and Tamils call it ganja. The pre
- p a r e d p r o d u c t i s k n o w n a s b h a n g ,
a n d
ganja. Bhangi is used by the Canarese-talking
people of the Wynaad.
5. I do not understand what is meant by wild
hemp. if it is the plant growing spontaneously
from the seed of the cultivated plant, it grows
best between two and four thousand feet in virgin
forest soil in places having an annual rainfall of
from 50 to 100 inches and over.
6. Scattered.
7. In the Wynaad no proper cultivation so
called is resorted to, but almost every raiyat has
a few plants (four or five to 100 or so) near his
house, which is produced by sowing some seed
broadcast among the other plants surrounding the
house. Little or no care is token of the plants,
except keeping down the weeds and cutting away