206
cal danger because no religious question is involv-
ed.
(a) Alcohol would not be used by Banias, Brah-
mins, and other high castes.
(b) Opium would be used move.
37. Effects of charas.—Body becomes dry and
limits lose their strength.
Effects of ganja.—Same as charas, but slighter.
39. Smoking is the worst form, because the
essence of the plant is absorbed and the lungs are
dried up.
40. Not used for human beings, but bhang is
used to increase the appetite of buffaloes, horses,
and other cattle, so that they may fatten.
41. (a) Bhang is an aid to digestion when first
used, but hinders digestion afterwards.
(b) The effect of charas and ganja has an intoxi-
cating effect, so that fatigue is not felt. Their
use does not give strength, but on the contrary
weakens.
(c) Bhang is used to produce a kind of intoxica-
tion before the approach of a recurring fever.
42. The moderate use is bad, specially because
it tends to become excessive so quickly.
43. Quite inoffensive.
44. Bhang.—Imagination
is stimulated and
body is refreshed. Intoxication follows. Hunger
is produced at first. Effects last for about three
hours. After that lassitude and weariness and
flatulency are produced. There is great longing
if more is not obtained at the proper time,
Charas.—Whole body seems strong and refresh-
ed. Hunger is allayed. Half an hour or an hour.
Weakness and lassitude produced afterwards.
Great longing if charas is not obtained at usual
time, as in case of opium, and senses are not all
right.
45. Bhang—Digestion is impaired and appetite
is diminished. Asthma is induced, but only slight-
ly. Moral sense is destroyed, and immorality is
induced. Insanity is produced by excessive use of
bhang, or, if not insanity, idiocy. Whether this is
permanent or temporary depends on whether bhang
is given up or not, If the drug is again taken,
the same effect will be produced. Such a man's
breath is very bad, and the eyes appear dirty ; the
skin is dull.
Charas.—Lungs are affected, brain is weakened
and becomes distracted, heart is weakened, and
so is liver. Fever, asthma, coughs are pro-
duced. Virility is also diminished, and a charas
consumer is often childless. The intellect is
deadened, and insanity is produced by use of cha-
ras. Great dryness of lungs, chest and colour
darkens, the tongue is affected, so that they speak
with difficulty. Eyes sink in. The stool is also
very dry.
Never seen a case of perfect insanity produced
by these drugs, but often gets people with intel-
lects weakened.
46. The same symptoms, but much quicker.
47. Habit not hereditary.
49. By using charas the act of copulation may
be prolonged, and it is so used.
The use of all hemp drugs tends to produce
impotence.
51. Bad characters generally use these.
53. Thefts and such offences are often led up
to by use of these drugs, but violent acts are not
caused, because the tendency is to produce fear.
55. No.
62. Hemp cultivation should be controlled like
opium.
140, Evidence of BAL MUKAND, Brahmin (Parvati), Medical Practitioner, Aligarh.
1. I have used bhang myself. I have been a
doctor for thirty-six years. Bhang is called ganja,
matulani, madini, bijair, jaya, bhanga in Sanskrit.
2. Kashipur, Rudarpur and Hardwar.
6. Dense.
7. The plant from which bhang is made grows
in Kumaun. Charas is also obtained from it, and
from its fibre baskets and strings are made. Its
seeds are used in spices and with vegetables to a
great extent,
10. Any caste do this.
14. I have seen charas made in Kumaun by
squeezing stalks and leaves of the plant.
This is only done to a small extent.
16. Ganja and charas can be made anywhere.
20. Fakirs (about 70 or 75 per cent.), Kahars
(about 80 or 90 per cent.), Brahmins (about 10
or 12 per cent.), Banias (about 7 or 8 per cent.),
Kaiths (about 5 per cent.), other low castes (about
60 or 70 per cent).
22. From Bokhara and Kandahar.
24. (a) Only in Holi and for illness.
(b) Brahmins, about 22 or 25 per cent. ; Tha-
kurs and Banias about 12 or 14 per cent.; Kaiths,
about 7 or 8 per cent.; Nais and Kahars, about
75 or 80 per cent.; other low castes, about 40
per cent.; low class Musalmans, about 7 or 8
per cent.
25. Ganja, charas and bhang are increasing in
use, specially the first two. The reason is that
the climate of India is becoming cold.
28. Bhang—
(a) 6 mashas, costing one pice.
(b) a chittack, „
one anna.
Charas—
(a) 6 or 7 mashas costing, one anna.
(b) 1 or 2 tolas
„
two anras.
20 Bhang—
(a) Aniseed.
Cardamom.
Mulahti (liquor-
ice).
Black pepper.
Kakri seeds.
Kasni
(Chico-
ria endivia or
indybus).
Black pepper.
Almonds.
Ginger.
Cardamoms (big
ones).
Used
in
hot
weather.
In cold weather.
Us ed only by moderate
drinkers.