may cause to a certain extent in the North-West
- e r n P r o v i n c e s a n d P u n j a b T h e p r o h i b i t i o n m a y
probably be followed by recourse to alcoholic sti--
mulants by the rich who could afford and to other
drugs by the poor who could not afford alcoholic
stimulants.
36. Yes; there is reason to think that alcohol is
now to a certain extent substituted for these drugs.
The causes which I assign are advanced civilization,
reformed societies, and the idea that ganja is a
great depression and makes a man dull and lazy.
37. As I do not know about charas, I am un
-able to answer this.
38. Flat ganja is only used in this part of the
district, so I am unable to state the different
effects.
39. Smoking ganja is more injurious to health
than eating or drinking in its different prepara
- t i o n s , a s i t d i r e c t l y p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h e a i r p a s s a g e s
and irritates them. But smoking by huka or
gudgudi is preferable to dry smoking by chillum
[vide 1 5 ( A. ) ] , a s i n f o r me r c a s e s , t h e s mo k e i s
somewhat purified by the water kept in them.
40. Ganja and bhang are widely used in medi
-cines by the native doctors for eating and drink
- i n g p u r p o s e s , b u t n o t f o r s m o k i n g . I d o n o t
know about charas. Ganja is scarcely used in
cattle diseases.
41. Ganja and bhang, if recommended by doc
- t o r s ( n a t i v e ) , i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h o t h e r d r u g s i n
moderate doses, and taken occasionally for short
periods, have some benefit in their uses.
( a ) B o t h a s a f o o d a c c e s s o r y a n d a n a p h r o d i s i a c .
(b) Bhang alone gives staying-power under
severe exposure to sun and alleviates fatigue.
(c) Smoking ganja is believed as a febrifuge or
preventive to malaria in unhealthy tracts, which I
cannot believe, and, if at all so, it is for a new con
- s u m e r a n d f o r a s h o r t p e r i o d , t i l l h e i s a c c u s t o m e d
to it, when it will be more injurious.
(d) Drinking bhang cools and strengthens the
system in hot seasons. Almost all the classes,
except those that are mentioned in answer Nos. 20
and 24, use the drug for the above purposes, and
about 20 per cent. use so.
The above answers refer to both moderate habi
- t u a l u s e a n d m o d e r a t e o c c a s i o n a l u s e o f t h e d r u g .
I know not about charas.
42. Moderate occasional use of eating and drink
- i n g g a n j a a n d b h a n g u n d e r m e d i c a l a d v i s e w i t h
the admixture of the other medicinal drugs in pro--
per doses in their different preparations (vide an
- s w e r s N o s . 1 5 ( B ) a n d ( C ) , i s h a r m l e s s , b e c a u s e
they are widely used to cure diseases and to im--
prove health by doctors of different races. I know
not about charas.
43. All sorts of consumers are offensive to
their neighbours. But it is not so when recom-
mended by doctors and taken as stated in the pre--
vious answer.
44. The immediate effects of moderate use of
smoking ganja on a habitual consumer are slight
intoxication, refreshment, allaying hunger, aiding
slightly the digestive process, and keeping the
bowels slightly free, but it does not create appetite;
and these symptoms are temporary, lasting about
an hour or two. The immediate after-effects are
— a f t e r f r e e f r o m t h e i n t o x i c a t i o n — g r e a t e x h a u s t i o n ,
weakness, excessive thirst, sometimes headache,
giddiness, etc., in case of empty stomach and fol
-lowed by sleep. It does produce longing or un
- e a s i n e s s . T h e i m m e d i a t e e f f e c t s o f m o d e r a t e u s e
of drinking bhang on a habitual consumer are
slight intoxication, great refreshment, allaying
hunger when taken in empty stomach to a certain.
extent, creation of appetite, and cooling and
strengthening the system. The after-effects are
increased appetite, uneasiness, dulness of mind,
and if proper food is taken sound sleep ensues.
This also produces longing and uncasiness, but not
so much as smoking ganja. I do not know about
charas.
45. Smoking ganja moderately does produce
noxious effects, physic-ally, mentally and morally,
to the family people, but not to the bairagis and
other religious people who are accustomed to it,
though in some cases the physical strength of the
latter may be affected. Drinking bhang moderately
does not produce any effect physically even to family
men if they are accustomed; but it may produce
some bad effect mentally and morally to them, and
nothing to bairagis and other religions people
who are accustomed to it. Except moderate use
of drinking bhang, all forms of smoking ganja
impair the constitution of family men as well as
bairagis or other religious men to a certain extent.
Moderately smoking ganja, even occasionally, in
my opinion, injures digestion and causes loss of
appetite in due course of time; but occasional
moderate eating of ganja in different preparations,
as stated in answer No 15 (B), under a doctor's
advice, does not cause loss of appetite or injure
digestion. Moderate use of smoking ganja may
cause dysentery, bronchitis or asthma, both to those
who are habituated or not habituated to it, and
sometimes even when taken occasionally; but eat--
ing ganja or drinking bhang occasionally (vide
answer Nos. 15 (B) and (C) for their different
preparations) in moderate doses may not do harm
to those who are accustomed, and it does not cause
the abovementioned diseases even to those who
are unaccustomed, except slight intoxication, gid-
-diness, loss of memory, great depression in spirit,
excessive thirst, and deep sleep temporarily.
Habitual moderate use of smoking ganja or drink
-ing bhang may lead to undue laziness, habits of
immorality or debauchery to all classes of con-
-sumers, with the exception of those who indulge
in them intentionally to devote their time specially
in religious matters. Moderate habitual use of
smoking ganja and drinking bhang may deaden
the intellect or produce insanity to some people
who are especially weak and of bílious tempera
- m e n t , a n d i f t a k e n w h e n t h e p e r s o n i s m u c h
exhausted and tired with fatigue and hunger.
Excessive use of smoking ganja will produce
insanity. The type may be called as mania, It
is permanent, though the person may have tem-
- p o r a r y r e l i e f f r o m t h a t i n s a n i t y i n c a s e o f h i s n o t
using the drug for some tune. The following
typical symptoms may be noticed in a person who
becomes insane by smoking ganja: his counten-
- a n c e w i l l b e d u l l a n d h e a v y a s a s t u p i d ; h e w i l l
talk much unnecessarily or will be mute; laugh
or cry spontaneously; wander much or sit quietly,
keeping his head down; have a steady gaze; some--
times suddenly get up and go away for a mile or
so talking to himself, have disturbed sleep, but he
w i l l
n o t d o a n y h a r m t o o t h e r s . I h a v e n o t s e e n
insanes in whom insanity was the result of drink--
ing or eating bhang excessively. I believe that
an insane who has no recorded ganja history may
confess to the use of the drug. As for charas,
I d o n o t k n o w . I a m o f o p i n i o n t h a t i f a m a n
suffering from mental anxiety or brain disease
indulge so much in the use of the drug as to pro--
duce insanity, he will become mad sooner than an