NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
rungam, Rameswaram, Cuddapah, and Shimoga
district, etc.
24. The same as abovementioned eat and drink
bhang. First of all, they rub ganja with pepper
and mix it with water, and this solution is called
bhang in Deccan ; but charas is called bhang in
Northern India. Those who have much heat in
their bodies drink bhang, and those who are of
cold nature smoke it.
25. The use is increasing and it is owing to the
increase in population. Every day those who are
fond of it are increasing.
28. Any man can get well intoxicated by
spending a quarter of an anna in each.
32. They use this according to their custom
and it is no religious observance at all.
33. It is regarded with contempt. Neither the
social observers nor the religious ones allow the
use of this. They regard the use of this as con-
temptuous, because they see that all who use this
leave their wives and relatives without support
and go away with the fakirs. There is no sect
that worships these plants.
39. There is more injury caused in smoking it
than in eating or drinking. In smoking it there is
much injury caused, because it changes the fea-
tures of the face, and the smokers become indolent
and sick, and therefore they take to begging.
Everything, whatever it may be, is digested by
him By walking a great
d i s t a n c e
h e d o e s n o t
feel tired. Cold does not catch him, even al-
though he may go to cold countries. The climate
and water of every place suits him.
40. The native doctors prescribe it as medicine
for some diseases. They give this even to cattle
for some of their diseases.
41. Moderate use of it will not be beneficial.
42. There is no harm or disadvantage, because
its effects are brought into play when it is taken
habitually.
43. They are inoffensive to neighbours, and
they don't injure any one.
44. As soon as it is taken it brings on idleness ;
it refreshes ; it intoxicates; it creates appetite.
The appetite lasts as long as he smokes it again.
When he does not take it, anger comes on him and
also idleness, and he feels a headache.
45. By eating it he becomes stout, and by
smoking it he becomes feeble. It brings on mental
injuries when it is taken without being washed ;
but not injury is caused when it is taken after
washing.
51. Bad characters do not use this. It has no
connection with any crime.
53. Excessive indulgence does not incite to
unpremeditated crime. No, we are not acquainted
with any such case.
54. No, they do not use this for committing
any crime or any act of violence.
55. No, they do not do so.
G o . 4 o f I n d i a C e n t r a l P r i n t i n g O f f i c e — 1 6 2 F . & C . D . — 2 9 - 1 0 . 9 4 . — 1 , 5 1 2 .
`Indian Hemp Drugs Commission.
VOL. V
I.
EVIDENCE OF WITNESSES
FROM
CENTRAL PROVINCES AND MADRAS
TAKEN BEFORE THE
INDIAN HEMP DRUGS COMMISSION.
CALCUTTA :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA .
1894.
Price Two Rupees Eight Annas.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1907-08.
SIMLA:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL BRANCH PRESS
1908.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1907-08.
SIMLA:
GOVERNMENT CENTRAL BRANCH PRESS,
1908.
ERRATUM.
Page 7 —paragraph 41.
In line 11 for the word "casual" read "causal".
Page 16—paragraph 106.
In first line read "spirochaetosis" for "spirochoetosis".
Page 17—paragraph 113.
In first line read " Table VIII" for " Table VII".
Page 25—paragraph 163.
In line 4 for the word "quantity" read "quality".
Page 31—paragraph 199.
Alter number of paragraph from "299" to "199".
Page 33—paragraph 223.
In line12 read " the " for " he ".
Page 40—Table V.
In column 23, opposite Bengal read " 166" for " 1.66 ".
Page 52—Table XV.
Against foot-note (g) read " Rs. 1,250" for " £1,250 ".
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1907-1908.
CONTENTS.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
Preface . . . . . . . . . . .
Officers in charge . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspector-General's tour .
PART A.-PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION.
I.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION—
Veterinary Colleges and Schools . . . . . . . . . . .
II.—TREATMENT OF DISEASE—
Contagious disease amongst solipeds, outbreaks, mortality, etc.
Contagious disease in bovines, outbreaks, preventive inoculation, mor¬
tality, etc. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other diseases . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries .
.
.
.
.
III.—BREEDING OPERATIONS—
Bovines—
Stud bulls and their produce . . . . . . . . . . .
Bull-rearing and breeding Farms and Depots
Sheep breeding . . . . . . . . . . .
Equines (under Local Bodies)—
Horse, pony and donkey stallions
Fairs and shows . . . . . . . . . . .
IV.—SUBORDINATE
ESTABLISHMENT—
Numbers, supervision and work performed
PART B.—IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION.
Bacteriological Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . .
Government Cattle Farm, Hissar . . . . . . . . . . .
PART C.—GENERAL.
Expenditure of the Department . . . . . . . . . . .
General remarks . . . . . . . . . . .
PAGES.
1
ib.
2
3
6
8
16
17
ib.
18
20
ib.
21
22
23
30
33
ib.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1907-1908.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
Preface.
A coloured Map which accompanies this Report, shows, in light red, the
districts under the control of the Civil Veterinary Department. The usual
Tables are also appended.
2. Colonel J. W. A. Morgan held the appointment of Inspector-General,
Civil Veterinary Department, up to 16th August 1908 on which date he retired
from the service. He was succeeded by Colonel H. T. Pease, C.I.E., who
assumed charge of his duties on 3rd September 1908, Mr. C. A. Innes, I.C.S.,
Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Revenue and
Agriculture, held charge of the current duties of the office in the interval
between 16th August and 3rd September 1908.
Officers in
charge.
3. The table given below gives the names of the officers who held the
several appointments in the Department during the year under report:—
Appointments.
Inspector General ...
Imperial Bacteriologist ...
Assistant Bacteriologist
...
2nd Assistant Bacteriologist ...
Superintendent, Government
Cattle Farm, Hissar.
Superintendent, United Pro-
vinces.
2nd Superintendent, United
Provinces.
Chief Superintendent, Punjab...
Superintendent,
North-West
Frontier Province and North
Punjab.
Superintendent, South Punjab...
Superintendent, Sind, Baluchis¬
tan and Rajputana.
Principal, Punjab Veterinary
College.
Professor, Punjab Veterinary
College.
Professor, Sanitary Science,
Punjab Veterinary College.
Principal, Bombay Veterinary
College.
1st April 1907.
Colonel J. W. A. Morgan ...
Dr. A. Lingard ...
G. D. Martin, Esq. ...
H. E. Cross, Esq. ...
Captain J. Farmer ...
Major H. M. Maxwell
...
E. W. Oliver, Esq. ...
Captain G. K. Walker ...
V. de V. H. Woodley, Esq....
......
* K. Hewlett, Esq. ...
Major H. T. Pease ...
Captain A. Smith ...
S. H. Gaiger, Esq. ...
Major F. Joslen
...
31st March 1908.
Colonel H. T. Pease, C.I.E.
Captain J. D. E. Holmes,
M. A., D. Sc.
H. E. Cross, Esq.
Abolished.
C. W. Wilson, Esq.
Major H. M. Maxwell.
G. D. Martin Esq. (lent
temporarily).
Captain G. K. Walker.
V. de V. H. Woodley, Esq.
......
Major A. S. Trydell
...
Captain A. Smith.
Captain W. O. Dawson.
S. H. Gaiger, Esq.
Major F. Joslen.
REMARKS.
*Mr. Hewlett held charge
in addition to his duties
as
Superintendent,
Bombay.
2
Appointments.
Assistant Principal, Bombay
Veterinary College.
Superintendent, Bombay
...
Principal, Bengal Veterinary
College.
Superintendent, Bengal
Superintendent, Eastern Bengal
and Assam.
Superintendent, Madras
..
Superintendent, Burma
...
2nd Superintendent, Burma ...
3rd Superintendent, Burma ...
Superintendent, Central Pro
vinces.
Veterinary Officer investigating
camel diseases.
1st April 1907.
M. H. Sowerby. Esq.
...
* K. Hewlett, Esq. ...
Lieutennnt-Colonel
F.
Raymond
D. Quinlan, Esq. ...
......
Lieutenant-Colonel W. D.
Gunn.
Major G. H. Evans
...
T. Rennie, Esq.
...
......
J. S. Jethiji, Esq.
...
......
31st March 1908.
M. H. Sowerby, Esq.
K. Hewlett, Esq.
...
Lieutenant-Colonel
F.
Raymond.
D. Quinlan, Esq.
W. Harris, Esq.
Lieutenant-Colonel W. D.
Gunn.
Lieutenant-Colonel G. H.
Evans.
T. Rennie, Esq.
......
J. S. Jethiji, Esq.
A. S. Leese, Esq.
REMARKS.
* Also
Superintendent,
Sind Baluchistan and
Rajputana in addition.
4. The following officers have been confirmed in their appointment and
definitely posted to the Department:—
Messrs. E. W. Oliver, T. Rennie and J. S. Jethiji.
5. During the year under review, Colonel J. W. A. Morgan, Inspector-
General, Civil Veterinary Department, and Lieutenant-Colonel J. Brodie-Mills,
Principal, Bombay Veterinary College, retired from the service. The under-
mentioned officers joined the Department and have been posted for training as
follows:—
Mr. G. Taylor to the Punjab,
Mr. S. Carless, to the Punjab,
Mr. F. Ware, to the Bombay Presidency.
Mr. R. Branford, to the Muktesar Laboratory.
Mr. A. S. Leese, who also joined the Department during the year, has been
appointed as Veterinary Officer investigating camel diseases. Messrs. Aitchison
and Cameron who were placed for training in Madras and Burma, respectively,
have not yet been substantively posted. Captain F. S. H. Baldrey was in
Europe undergoing a course of training in bacteriology, and the following
officers were on leave in England at the close of the year :—
Captain J. Farmer.
Mr. E. W. Oliver.
6 The rules applicable to the officers of the Army Veterinary Department
who have elected for permanent service in this Department, have been amended
to bring them into line with the Royal Warrant Army Order No. 180 of 1903.
Inspector-
General's tour.
7. Colonel J. W. A. Morgan visited the Rawalpindi and Amritsar Horse
and Cattle Shows; inspected the Bacteriological Laboratory at Muktesar; and
proceeded to Bombay to hand over charge of the office of Inspector-General,
Civil Veterinary Department, on retirement.
8. Colonel H. T. Pease, C.I.E., took over charge of the Office of Inspector
General, Civil Veterinary Department, on 3rd September 1907. He inspected
the Bacteriological Laboratory at Muktesar, Punjab Veterniary College at
Lahore and the Government Cattle Farm at Hissar; attended the Dewali
22
IV.-SUBORDINATE ESTABLISHMENT.
Numbers,
supervision and
work peform-
ed.
146. Table VII gives the strength of the subordinate establishments as
they stood at the end of the year. Very important progress has been made in
the reorganization of the subordinate Civil Veterinary Department during the
year. It has been made provincial and pensionable in Madras, Bengal and
Eastern Bengal, and a scheme for placing it on the same footing in the Central
Provinces is under consideration. The old system was found in these provin-
ces, now that the importance of dealing with epidemics has been recognised,
to be too slow in developing and to be too inelastic to allow of proper concent-
ration of forces being made. It is obvious that to cope with an epidemic of
rinderpest for instance, extensive preventive inoculations must be made as
soon as possible otherwise it will go on spreading. If we cannot concentrate
a sufficient number of Veterinary Assistants to inoculate the incontact animals
it is not likely that we shall limit spread. The difficulties previously experien-
ced will now to a great extent be obviated. The Department will develop
more rapidly and owing to the establishment being more mobile, the necessary
concentration of forces will, when a sufficient number of Assistants is forth-
coming, be more easily made. In the United Provinces too sanction to the
expansion of the Department has been accorded and the pay of Veterinary
Assistants has been improved. The pay of the establishment has been improved
in the North-West Frontier Province, bringing it into line with the Punjab.
147. The following table will show at a glance the sanctioned establish-
ment of the various Provinces, the numbers added and the strength at the end
of the year :—
Provinces.
Punjab
... ... ... ...
North-West Frontier Province ... ...
United Provinces
...
...
...
Bengal
...
...
... ...
Bombay
...
...
...
...
Madras
...
...
... ...
Central Provinces and Berar ... ... ... ...
Burma
...
...
... ...
Eastern Bengal and Assam ...
...
...
Sind, Baluchistan and Rajputana ...
...
IMPERIAL.
Government Cattle Farm, Hissar
... ...
Bacteriological Laboratory
...
...
Veterinary Officer Investigating camel diseases
...
Total ...
SANCTIONED SCALE.
Deputy Superintendents.
...
...
2
9
4
3
...
5
2
...
1
...
...
26
Veterinary Inspectors.
24
2
20
30
24
15
8
12
8
...
...
2
...
145
Veterinary Assistants.
170
26
210
229
215
132
120
120
120
2
2
6
1
1,353
NO. EMPLOYED
DURING 1907-08.
Deputy Superintendents.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
1
Veterinary Inspectors.
12
2
9
10
...
1
6
10
2
...
...
2
...
54*
Veterinary Assistants.
116
20
96
50
32
27
65
90
25
9
2
4
1
537*
INCREASE DURING
1907-08.
Deputy Superintendents.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
1
Veterinary Inspectors.
...
...
1
1
...
1
2
3
1
...
...
...
...
9
Veterinary Assistants.
4
6
17
10
5
12
5
18
14
1
...
...
...
92
* In addition to this number, 24 were employed during the year on the teaching staff at Veterinary Colleges
and Schools.
24
157. The insufficiency of the superior staff for the purpose of research in
addition to the very heavy work entailed by the preparation of serum, has
already been brought to notice. It has been found impossible to undertake
very necessary research work in the field on account of the lack of trained
officers on the laboratory staff. Such research work as it has been found
possible to carry out in the laboratory has been small, but no opportunity has
been missed to do what was possible.
158. Some revision of the subordinate establishment maintained at the
Laboratory has been carried out. An important and very necessary matter
which has received attention during the year is the improvement of the library.
The Government of India have sanctioned the sum of Rs. 20,000 for the
purchase of books and sets of journals and a library allowance of Rs. 2,500
per annum.
159. Preparation of Sera. Rinderpest Anti-Serum.—During the past
year 1,907, 466 c.c. or 4, 82, 833 doses have been prepared as against
1,779,876 c.c. or 4, 67, 993 doses during the previous year. The serum issued
during the year amounted to 4,40,585 doses against 4,58,661 doses during
1906-07.
160. The following shows the Anti-Rinderpest serum injections carried out
in the field collated from the respective returns received in this office:—
Provinces.
Punjab
...
North-West
...
Frontier.
Bengal ...
Eastern
Bengal
and Assam.
United Provinces
of Agra and
Oudh.
Central Provinces
Madras ...
Bombay
...
Mysore ...
Burma
...
Sind, Baluchistan
and Rajputana.
Total ...
Number of
outbreaks in
which inocula-
tion was
undertaken.
70
22
58
60
418
333
643
...
5
45
1
1,655
Number of animals
which died uninoculated
in course of outbreak.
Equines.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
792
322
748
1,885
5,404
5,998
10,929
1,176
211
270
8
27,743
Others.
...
...
...
31
...
...
93
...
...
...
...
124
Number of animals
inoculated.
Equines.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
14,815
5,484
5,977
12,795
123,977
27,648
28,508
21,705
1,614
3,552
200
246,275
Others.
...
...
62
259
...
...
126
...
...
...
...
447
Remarks.
The Veterinary Officer, Cachar
and Sylhet, finds that the
villagers are now realizing
the value of inoculation.
The Superintendent, United
Provinces finds the returns
of his Province unreliable.
The Inspector of Cattle
Diseases remarks " that
serum
treatment
for
Rinderpest has become very
popular in Mysore State and
that my experience in the
work for 6 months shows
that the results have been
very favourable.''
161. The serum method has proved very satisfactory and is daily growing
in favour.
162. The preparation of the Rinderpest serum has been carried out under
full pressure throughout the year and I am convinced that under the most
25
favourable circumstances a maximum of more than 5 lacs doses cannot be ex-
ceeded at present. This amount represents the maximum output that the
staff and machinery can cope with, and it is further confirmed by the limi-
tation of fodder and water supply and also by the available supply of Hill Bulls.
163. During the months of January, February and early part of March it
was found that Hill Bulls were lost owing to severe weather on the road, also
experience has proved that the serum prepared at this time is of very inferior
quantity. For these reasons, the serum preparation work will be reduced as
far as possible during this period. The question, therefore, of establishing
another laboratory for the manufacture of serum in Southern India is under
consideration,
164. Anthrax Anti-Serum.—During the year 80,455 c. c. or 16,091 doses
of this serum were prepared as against 76,402 C. C. or 15,280 doses and 38,772
doses were issued against 11,814 doses, during the previous year.
165. I have already made some remarks regarding the protection of
animals against anthrax by means of serum alone and the lines on which it
may be used in future. The method of serum alone is certainly not an ideal
one but our staff is not sufficiently trained to allow of other known methods
being adopted even if we had enough information regarding the prevalence and
importance of the disease to decide when and where it would be necessary to
have recourse to extensive inoculation.
166 The following table shows the injections carried out in the field with
Anti-Anthrax serum :—
Provinces.
United Provinces of Agra
and Oudh.
Madras ... ...
Eastern Bengal and Assam
Total ...
Number of
outbreaks in
which inocula-
tion was
undertaken.
37
45
4
86
Number of animals
which died uninoculated
in course of outbreak.
Equines.
...
...
6
6
Bovines.
247
482
312
1,041
Others.
...
...
...
...
Number of animals
inoculated.
Equines.
6
...
39
45
Bovines.
6,027
8,461
894
15,382
Others.
...
9
...
9
Remarks.
167. The demand for this serum increased this year somewhat but in the
new conditions is likely to decrease considerably. As the protection afforded
by the use of this serum is of short duration it was decided to endeavour to raise
the potency and for this purpose many experiments are being made. Most of
the serum made during the latter part of the year was of this nature and has
been used in the Laboratory for testing purposes. Experiments are also being
made by the simultaneous method.
168. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia Anti-Serum.—During the year under report
1,88,796 doses were prepared as against 88,875 doses and 1 12,713 doses issued
against 57,375 doses for the last year.
26
169. Statement of injections carried out in the field :—
Provinces.
Punjab ... ...
North-West Frontier ...
United Provinces of Agra
and Oudh.
Central Provinces
...
Madras ... ...
Total ...
Number of
outbreaks in
which inocula-
tion was
undertaken.
151
2
451
9
12
625
Number of animals which
died uninoculated in
course of outbreak.
Equines.
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
1,622
21
1,181
85
57
2,966
Others.
...
...
...
...
...
...
Number of animals
inoculated.
Equines.
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
44,236
1,793
32,206
647
1,179
80,061
Others.
...
...
...
...
...
...
Remarks.
170. A careful examination of this serum by laboratory tests showed that
owing to the short immunity conferred and to the nature of the disease it was
not likely to prove of much service in the field and the issue has been discon-
tinued since 22nd December 1907, the balance in hand on that date being dis-
carded. Endeavours are being made to discover a more suitable protective and
with this view 39,066 c. c. of Hemorrhagic Septicæmia Anti Serum has been
prepared by various processes for experimental work and been used in the
Laboratory. I am afraid that with a serum it will be difficult to deal with any
but actual outbreaks, whilst the disease is prevailing, and those in present cir-
cumstances are not often met with.
171. Charbon Symptomatique.—Three hundred doses of a single vaccine
were prepared for experimental purposes.
The total issues of the 1st and 2nd vaccines amounted to 2,100 doses
during the year, as against 930 doses in the previous year.
172. Blacklegoids have been largely used in giving protection against this
disease by the United Provinces, Punjab, and North-West Frontier Province
Superintendents. This method of single vaccination is undoubtedly successful
and easy of operation and more suitable to the requirement of the country at
present, than any other known method. Numerous experiments have been
conducted during the past six months with a view to preparing a single vaccine
in pillule form at the laboratory.
Provinces.
Punjab ... ...
North-West Frontier ..
Government Cattle Farm,
Hisaar.
Central Provinces ...
Total ...
Number of
villages in
which inocula-
tion was
undertaken.
31
23
2
4
60
Number of animals which
died uninoculated in course
of outbreak.
Equines.
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
...
...
9
83
92
Others.
...
...
...
...
...
Number of animals
inoculated.
Equines.
...
...
...
...
...
Bovines.
1,635
3,080
20
176
4,911
Others.
...
...
...
...
...
Remarks.
Blacklegoids.
Do.
Do.
Injections
with
vaccine prepared
at Muktesar.
28
182. During the year under review the following doses of sera were prepared and issued from the Muktesar Laboratory :—
Serial
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Name of sera.
Rinderpest ... ... ...
Anthrax
... ... ...
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia ... ...
Charbon Symptomatique ... ...
Mallein ... ... ...
Tuberculin ... ... ...
Opening balance.
*49,823
26,914
31,500
13,100
vaccine
3,839
serum
9,213
170
(returned from
Saharanpur)
44
Prepared
doses.
482,833
16,091
188,796
300
3,753
34
Total out-
put.
532,656
43,005
220,296
17,239
13,136
78
ISSUED.
Punjab.
30,000
...
16,000
...
60
20
South Punjab.
10,000
...
30,000
...
...
...
North West Frontier
and North Punjab.
...
...
8,000
...
24
...
United Provinces of
Agra and Oudh.
152,861
10,500
39,000
100
...
...
Bengal.
25,500
200
500
...
‡232
...
Eastern Bengal and
Assam.
74,116
13,450
4,100
...
25
...
Central Provinces.
42,500
2,000
5,500
1,920
...
...
Madras.
42,000
9,000
1,700
...
...
...
Bombay.
35,562
500
...
...
§137
5
Sind Baluchistan and
Rajputana.
1,000
1,000
...
...
90
...
Native States.
11,450
...
...
...
||1,318
...
Military Department.
3,785
2,000
...
...
5,779
30
Foreign Countries.
2,100
...
...
...
32
...
Used
in experiment
at
the Laboratory.
9,672
122
7,913
80
29
20
Total issue.
440,585
38,772
112,713
and
92,120
discarded
2,100
and
3,839
discarded
7,926
and
2,941
Pseudo mallein
discarded
75
Balance in
hand.
92,071
4,233
†15,453
11,300
3,166
3
* Serum in Powder form now discarded
not included.
‡ 12
§ 12
|| 40
doses by cash sale.
„
„
„
„
† Retained for experimental purposes at this
Laboratory.