S7?
ing him blood money. Jalal at present remains
obdurate, but there is every reason to believe that
if clemency is shown to Kalu Khan there will he
no difficulty in satisfying Jalal by the grant of
land or money either by private arbitration or by
the award of a jirga.
R. E. YOUNGHUSBAND
Dated 9th April 1893.
Copy of a letter No. 229-8., dated 16th June 1893,
from R. E. Younghusband,
Esq., Officiating
Junior Secretary to the Government of the Pun-
jab, to the Commissioner and
Superintendent,
Derajat
Division.
In reply to your memorandum dated the 4th
ultimo, I am directed to say that, in deference to
the strong opinion of the local officers, the Lieute-
nant-Governor has consented to commute the sen-
tence of transportation for life which was passed
upon Kalu Khan Isani Khosa, and to remit all the
sentence in excess of seven (7) years on the fol-
lowing conditions :—
(a) that up to the expiration of the seven years
the Khosas observe their promise to abstain from
the use of "bhang" to the satisfaction of the
Deputy Commissioner and do not take to any
other stimulant ; and
(b) that the relations of the murdered man are
compensated according to Baluch custom and the
feud permanently ended. It has been ascertained
that Kalu Khan has already been deported to the
Andamans. I am directed to request that when
the term of his imprisonment draws to a close,
on will report whether the prescribed conditions
have been fulfilled in order that the necessary
warrant may be issued for his release.
10. Evidence of MR. ALEXANDER ANDERSON, Deputy Commissioner, Delhi.
1. I have served in the Punjab since November
1872, as Assistant Commissioner, Settlement
Officer, and Deputy Commissioner.
2. The local names are—
Bhang—leaves.
Charas
Sulfa
—resinous matter.
3. It grows abundantly in the Kuln sub-division
of the Kangra district, and spontaneonsly. There
is a patch near every house almost, which might
almost be considered as cultivated. Perhaps it is
sown, but it also grows spontaneously.
4. It was known as bhang.
5. It grows well in Kulu, say, 5,000 to 6,000
feet above sea level. Rain is bad for it, at least
so far as charas is concerned.
6. As fur as I can recollect, it was fairly dense.
7. I believe that it is sometimes sown in Kulu
for its fibre and seeds. It is now so long since 1
left the Kangra district that 1 cannot give parti-
culars, but i attach a report submitted by me in
1880 when Assistant Commissioner of Kulu.
10. All I know on this point is contained in the
report referred to above.
14. Yes, bhang. See report referred to above.
18. Charas arrives in the Punjab in September
and October, and remains good during the cold
weather. But heat and moisture cause it to
deteriorate very rapidly : but it is sold in the
second winter probably mixed with some quantity
of the new crops, and cheaper. In the third year
it has lost almost all its intoxicating effects, and
is sold very cheap. Charas retains its effects
longer the drier it is kept. In kupis it will keep
for two years.
Bhang is cut in spring, and is best just after
the rains.
When once quite dry, it goes bad, if
moisture gets to it.
19. I believe that charas is only smoked.
20. 1 doubt if any class is quite exempt from
the charas habit, but as a rule only the poorer
people, and those who are much exposed, smoke
charas. It is commonest of ail among fakirs,
but Chamars and other low castes not unfrequently
smoke it.
I cannot estimate the proportion using charas.
I have been told 4 or 5 per cent. I would not
myself put it at so high a figure.
vol. v.
21. I know nothing about ganja,
22. The charas used here is imported from
Yarkand.
23. A fakir may sometimes smoke bhang, but
this is so seldom that it may, I think, be said that
bhang is not smoked.
24. My belief is that bhang is much more used
than we think. It is, I believe, used by the better
classes as a sort of stomachic, e.g., if a well-to-do
buniah goes to another place for a lew days, he
will perhaps use a little bhang water to prevent
the evil effects of the change of water. At a
procession of the Rathjatra in Delhi, I myself saw
a cart- with a decoction of bhang just behind the
car, and it was distributed to the people generally.
Thandai is the name by which the decoction is
known. It is considered bad manners to speak
of bhang, but 3thandai is often ordered by the
better classes, specially in the hot weather.
I cannot say what propertion use it, but certainly
a very much larger proportion than charas.
25. I doubt if there is any increase. Country
liquor, and also, specially, imported spirits are
being used more. But speaking generally, I
would say there has not recently been any increase.
When Deputy Commissioner in Hissar, I thought
that more charas was going into Rajputana than
before, but probably this was because regulations
for the import of charas into Rajputana had been
made, and that brought the subject more to the
front.
26. I am unable to answer this question.
27. See answers 20 and 24.
28. Half an anna or even less for moderate
consumers : an anna for excessive consumers ; but
some consume much more.
29. Tobacco is often used, also red-pepper, but
the richer classes put in cardamoms, poppy seed,
etc., in fact, anything they like to flavour it.
Dhatura is occasionally used by a very confirmed
excessive smoker. It would probably be used in
greater quantity, if charas and bhang were much
dearer.
30. Charas is generally smoked in company
Bhang is taken in solitude as well as in company.
Prostitutes smoke it, but not women of good
character.
31. Easily formed, I believe, and net. as difficult
to break off as is the opium-habit or the excessive
consumption of spirits. I believe that, in the
3 F