NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
[The maximum limit of the body of the Report is 8 pages.]
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
TRIENNIAL REPORT ON VACCINATION IN BURMA
FOR THE YEARS 1917-18 TO 1919-20.
General review of Vaccination work ...
...
Small-pox and Vaccination
...
...
...
Vaccination in Towns
...
... ... ...
Infant Vaccination in Towns ... ... ...
Dispensary Vaccination
...
...
...
Vaccination in Jails ... ... ... ...
Verification of Primary Vaccinations ... ...
Quality of the Vaccination
... ... ...
Lymph Supplies
...
...
... ...
Vaccination Establishment ... ... ...
Attitude of the People
... ... ...
Cost of the Department
...
... ...
General remarks
...
...
...
...
PARA.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
PAGE.
1
2
3
ib
ib.
ib.
ib.
4
ib.
6
ib.
7
8
RESOLUTION
ON THE
TRIENNIAL REPORT ON VACCINATION IN BURMA
For the Years 1917-18 to 1919-20.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma in the General Department,
No. 1Z.-4, dated the 5th March 1921.
READ—
Triennial Report on Vaccination in Burma for the years 1917-18 to 1919-20.
Resolution.—In the last Resolution on the Triennial Report on Vaccina-
tion for the period 1914—1917, it was stated that the work of vaccination was
Stimulated by three main factors, outbreaks of epidemic small-pox, improved
organization of the district staffs, and increased interest shown by district and
other officers. In the present report Lieutenant-Colonel Entrican points out that
the first and third factors were present in the period 1917—1920, and that there
was in consequence a large increase in the number of vaccinations. His opinion
is that the interest shown in vaccination by the local officers depends largely on
the prevalence of small-pox, and in this point the Lieutenant-Governor is
inclined to agree with him. District officers have a large number of duties of
which the encouragement of vaccination is not one of the most conspicuous or
attractive, and it is not possible for them to devote a large amount of time to it.
It is, however, an important work, and if it is only attended to in the face of
an epidemic it is almost inevitable that a certain number of people will be
vaccinated after they have already contracted infection, and every case in which
this happens will lead a number of ignorant people to disbelieve in the efficacy of
vaccination. His Honour trusts therefore that all local officers will realize the
great importance of vaccination as a preventive at all times, however long their
district may have been free from small-pox, and will do all in their power to
assist the Vaccination Department in its work. So far as the re-vaccination of
children is concerned increasing success will follow continuous effort; but
re-vaccination of adults in all countries and communities will only increase largely
when the danger of small-pox is imminent.
2. The outbreaks of small-pox which occurred during the period under review
had the effect of increasing the number of primary vaccinations and re-vaccina-
tions by 120,717 and 285,196 respectively as compared with the previous
triennium. Most of this increase occurred in the year 1919-20, when no less
than 838,827 vaccinations were performed, compared with an average of
507,841 for the preceding five years, increasing the ratio of successful vaccina-
tions per 1,000 of the population from 35.13 to 51.85. This was very largely
due to one district, Yamèthin, where the energetic measures taken by the
2 RESOLUTION ON THE TRIENNIAL REPORT ON VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEARS 1917-18 TO 1919-20.
Deputy Commissioner, Lieutenant-Colonel Biggwither, resulted in 179,162
persons being vaccinated out of a total population of 306,379. These results are
almost phenomenal, the average number of operations per vaccinator being
25,595 against an average for the whole province of 2,627. They show what
can be achieved by good organization and personal influence, and afford an
example to other districts.
3. The increase in the number of vaccinations performed, without any
corresponding increase of the staff, naturally resulted in a decrease in the
average cost, which was 7 annas 4 pies for the three years as compared with
8 annas 7 pies in the previous triennium, and in 1919-20 fell to 6 annas 4 pies.
The Lieutenant-Governor is pleased to note the improved results obtained
in the Thatôn District, which was unfavourably commented on in the last Resolu-
tion, but regrets to see the serious decline in Prome District, on which the
report of the enquiry being made by the Superintendent-General of Vaccination
is awaited.
The supply of lymph from the Vaccine Depôt at Meiktila was sufficient and
of good quality, but the wastage in some districts was unduly high, and more
care should be exercised in this respect.
4. In the last Resolution mention was made of representations against the
alleged hardships caused by the working of the Vaccination Law Amendment Act,
1909, in Rangoon.
The representations were considered by a Committee in 1917-18. The
conclusions arrived at by the Local Government after a careful examination of
the Committee's reports and of the relevant circumstances were—
" (i) the province of Burma is specially liable to small-pox infection through
the medium of passengers arriving by sea ;
(ii) and (iii) the application of section 9 of the Burma Vaccination Law
Amendment Act, 1909, is a necessary precaution to safeguard the
province from such infection ;
(iv) the measures now being taken need to be modified in order to bring
them into stricter conformity with the law and with the highest
possible requirements of sanitary science in their application
especially in three particulars :—
(a) the prohibition of the vaccination of immigrant children
under fourteen years of age,
(b) the exemption of persons who are not of the labouring classes
from the operation of section 9 of the Act,
(c) the improvement of the accommodation provided for carry-
ing out the purposes of the Act, in order to mitigate the
discomforts of detention and to permit the best possible
aseptic precautions to be taken."
Small-pox is endemic in Burma, but it is well known that it is constantly
reinforced by the floating population of immigrant labourers, Rangoon constituting
the focus and distributing centre of the disease. The Superintendent-General is
correct in the statement that the epidemics of small-pox in the province begin in
Rangoon and Lower Burma and then spread to Upper Burma and are coincident
RESOLUTION ON THE TRIENNIAL REPORT ON VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEARS 1917-18 TO 1919-20.
3
with epidemics in Indian provinces. It is true that small-pox is always present
in Rangoon, but it is significant that the majority of the small-pox patients in the
Contagious Diseases Hospital are Indian labourers, and that the area where these
chiefly live is the endemic centre of small-pox in Rangoon. In 1919 as
many as 85 cases of small-pox in the eruptive stage were detected among the
immigrant coolies and a considerable number obviously entered the country in the
incubation stage without being detected and the number of contacts must have
been large.
These facts lead to the conclusion that the precautionary measures taken in
Rangoon are necessary not only in the interests of Rangoon but of the whole
province. To reduce the annoyance and inconvenience to the passengers to the
minimum, directions were issued to secure discrimination as regards persons who
do not belong to the labouring classes. Something has also been done in the
direction of improving accommodation, but this question is to a great extent
dependent upon the major problem of securing better landing facilities for deck
passengers than existing conditions permit.
5. His Honour's thanks are due to Lieutenant-Colonel C. E. Williams,
I.M.S., Sanitary Commissioner, who was Superintendent-General of Vaccination
during the whole period, and to the officers who were in charge of the Vaccine
Depôt, and to the other officers who have assisted in the work of vaccination.
The Department was seriously handicapped by the shortage of supervising officers
owing to the war.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Burma,
W. B. BRANDER,
Secretary to the Government of Burma.
Printed by order of the Government of Burma.
G.B.C.P.O.-No.679, Secy. 30-3-1921—
8
TRIENNIAL REPORT ON VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEARS 1917-18 TO 1919-20.
Henzada, Toungoo, Mandalay, Shwebo, Lower Chindwin, Upper Chindwin
Pakôkku and Meiktila Districts varies between five and six annas.
13. General remarks.—Lieutenant-Colonel C. E. Williams, I.M.S., was
Superintendent-General during the whole of the triennium. The Vaccine Depôt
and training school was in charge of Dr. W. D. Jones during the greater part
of 1917, of Lieutenant-Colonel J. Entrican, I.M.S., during 1918 and 1919 and
of Captain A. J.Symes, I.M.S., during 1920.
J. ENTRICAN,
M.A.,M.D.,D.P.H.,
Lieut.-Col, I.M.S.,
Offg. Superintendent-General of Vaccination, Burma.
APPENDICES.
TATEMENT No. I—Showing particulars of vaccination in] the Province of Burma during the
year
1919-20...
...
...
STATEMENT No. II—Showing the cost of the Vaccination Department in the Province of Burma
during the year 1919-20... ... ...
STATEMENT No. III—Showing Dispensary Vaccination in the Province of Burma for the year
1910-20
...
...
...
...
STATEMENT No. IV—Showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated and the number
of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in the Province of Burma in each
of the official years 1910-11 to 1919-20... ... ...
STATEMENT No. V—Showing particulars of vaccination verified by Inspecting Officers during
the year 1919-20... ... ...
APPENDIX A—Showing the ratio per 10,000 successfully vaccinated and the mortality from
small-pox by quinquennial periods for Lower Burma only... ... ... ...
APPENDIX B—Statistics relating to the number of children under one year of age in towns
available for vaccination and the number of successful operations performed on
them... ... ... ...
APPENDIX C—Diagram showing the proportion of population protected during the seven official
years 1913-14 to 1919-20, and the death-rate from small-pox during the calendar
year 1919 in districts where registration of vital statistics is in force... ...
PAGE
10 & 11
14&15
16 & 17
18 & 19
ib.
20
ib.
21
12
APPENDICES.
Summary.
—
(1)
By special staff
(Statement I)
By dispensary staff
(Statement III).
By other agencies,
if any.
Total for 1919-20 ..
Total for 1918-19 ...
Total for 1917-18...
Total number
of persons
vaccinatcd.
Primary.
(2)
484,203
7,220
398
491,821
426,266
430,206
Re-vaccination.
(3)
358,835
4,685
391
358,911
141,109
63,854
Total number
of operations
performed.
Primary.
(4)
484,455
7,220
898
492,073
425,618
430,941
Re-vaccination.
(5)
363,886
4,685
391
358,911
141,109
63,854
Percentage of
successful cases
in which results
were known.
Primary.
(6)
97.53
81.62
99.46
97.32
97.88
95.87
Re-vaccination.
(7)
60.58
58.21
61.96
60.56
65.30
50.08
Average number
of persons
vaccinated by
each vaccinator.
Vaccinators em-
ployed.
(8)
319
...
...
319
319
305
Persons vaccina-
ted by each vac-
cinator.
(9)
2,627
...
...
2,627
1,761
1,507
Number of
children success-
fully vaccinated.
Under one year.
(10)
114,296
692
78
115,066
120,945
123,830
One year and
under six years.
(11)
226,281
1,834
197
228,312
218,999
215,757
Ratio of successful vaccina-
tions per 1,000 of population.
(12)
51.81
.56
.05
52.42
89.26
34.71
Total cost of Department.
(13)
Rs.
2,48,648
A.
13
P.
2
...
...
...
...
...
Average coat of each successful
case.
(14)
Rs.
0
A.
6
P.
4
...
...
...
...
...
APPENDICES.
17
VACCINATION.
Province of Burma for the year 1919-20 (Paragraph 5).
PRIMARY VACCINATION.
Successful.
Under one
year.
(8)
...
... 27
...
27
...
4
20
... 47
...
71
...
... 7
... 72
79
72
... 9
...
...
...
81
64
... 68
... 150
...
283
12
4
...
...
16
...
74
... ...
74
12
...
...
...
12
14
35 49
...
692
332
332
One and
under six
years.
(9)
...
...
18
...
12
...
22
81
...
99
...
202
...
... 21
...
78
99
4
...
...
...
...
...
4
473
... 337
...
201
...
1,011
20
3
... 10
33
...
166
...
...
166
44
... ...
...
44
94
163
257
...
1,884
834
720
Total of all
ages.
(10)
...
... 59
7
68
...
32
151
... 147
...
330
21
... 93
... 251
365
76
...
9
...
... ...
85
535
... 1,089
... 837
...
2,461
41
7
...
657
705
...
376
... ...
376
56
...
...
...
56
123
215
337
...
4,781
1,764
1,307
Unknown.
(11)
...
... 2
...
2
...
1
6
...
19
...
25
20
...
...
7
1
28
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
1
... 1,103
... 104
...
1,208
8
...
...
37
45
...
3
... ...
5
2
...
...
...
2
5
70
75
179
1,570
272
153
RE-VACCINATION.
Total.
(12)
...
1
40
24
65
...
35
42
... 91
...
168
224
... 684
42
866
1,216
2
...
1
...
...
...
3
1,269
... 127
...
915
...
2,311
147
7
...
250
401
...
261
...
11
272
34
...
...
...
34
7
195
202
10
4,685
1,641
1,263
Successful.
(13)
...
1
10
4
15
...
15
14
...
24
...
53
3
...
193
...
104
300
1
...
...
...
...
...
1
864
...
5
...
511
...
1,980
63
5
... 124
192
...
103
...
...
103
4
...
...
...
4
3
55
58
...
2,106
747
499
Unknown.
(14)
...
...
11
...
11
...
...
8
...
64
...
72
180
... 391
42
11
574
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
64
...
82
...
29
...
165
30
...
...
126
156
...
9
...
10
19
18
...
...
...
18
2
40
42
10
1,067
539
560
PERCENTAGE OF
SUCCESSFUL CASES IN
WHICH THE RESULTS
WERE KNOWN.
Primary.
(15)
...
... 93.65
100.00
94.29
...
94.12
100.00
...
98.56
...
98.80
100.00
... 100.00
...
99.21
99.46
100.00
...
100.00
...
...
...
100.00
99.07
... 58.39
... 93.62
...
74.80
100.00
100.00
...
100.00
100.00
...
97.92
...
...
97.98
100.00
... ...
...
100.00
96.06
96.41
96.29
...
84.62
98.49
95.40
Re-
vaccina-
tion.
(16)
...
100.00
84.48
16.67
27.78
...
42.86
41.18
...
88.89
...
55.21
8.19
...
100.10
... 29.80
46.78
60.00
... ...
...
... ...
38.83
71.11
... 11.11
... 57.67
...
64.30
53.85
71.43
... 100.00
77.42
...
40.87
...
...
40.71
25.00
...
...
...
26.00
60.00
36.48
36.22
...
68.21
67.42
70.98
PERCENTAGE OF
UNKNOWN CASES TO
TOTAL CASES.
Primary.
(17)
...
... 8.08
...
2.78
...
2.86
3.82
...
11.81
...
7.22
48.78
...
... 100.00
.89
7.09
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
.18
... 37.16
... 10.12
...
26.80
16.83
...
... 5.33
6.00
...
1.29
...
...
1.29
3.45
... ...
...
3.45
3.79
23.89
17.65
100.00
31.75
18.18
10.05
Re-
vaccina-
tion.
(18)
...
... 27.50
...
10.92
...
...
10.05
... 70.33
...
42.86
58.04
... 36.95
100.00
3.01
17.20
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4.25
... 01.00
... 8.17
...
7.14
2.41
...
... 56.10
38.61
...
6.45
... 90.91
6.99
52.94
...
...
...
52.94
28.57
20.51
20.79
100.00
22.77
32.48
44.34
No.
(19)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
...
22
23 24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
88
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
...
42
APPENDIX C.
Diagram showing the Proportion of Population protected during the seven official years from 1913-14 to 1919-20 and the Death-rate fram Small-pox
during the calendar year 1919 in districts where registration is in force,
* Registration of vital statistics is not carried owl in these district.
G.B.C.P.O.—No. 3, Sany, Commr 4-4-1911, 500. T.L.M .
TRIENNIAL REPORT
ON
VACCINATION IN BURMA
FOR THE YEARS 1917-18 TO 1919-20
RANGOON
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA
1921
NOTES AND STATISTICS
ON
VACCINATION IN BURMA
FOR THE YEAR 1920-21
RANGOON
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA
1921
[Price,—Ans. 12.]
LIST OF AGENTS
FOR THE
SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
IN INDIA:
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon.
RANGOON TIMES PRESS, Rangoon.
MAUNG LU GALE, Law Book Depôt, 42, Ayo-o-gale, Mandalay.
THACKER, SPINK. & CO., Calcutta and Simla.
W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
BUTTERWORTH & Co. (India), Ltd., Calcutta.
THACKER & CO., Ltd., Bombay.
* D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Co., Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
IN ENGLAND:
HENRY S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, E.C.
A. CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W.C.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd., 68-74, Carter Lane, E.C.,
and 39, New Oxford Street, W.C.
BERNARD QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W.
P. S. KING & SON, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street. Westminster, S.W.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street, S.W.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Ltd., 1, Adelphi Terrace, W.C.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane, Ludgate Hill, E.C.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W.C.
WHELDON & WESLEY, Ltd, 28, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.
OLIVER & BOYD, Tweeddale Court, Edinburgh.
E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
DRIGHTON, BELL & Co., Ltd., Trinity Street, Cambridge.
ON THE CONTINENT:
ERNEST LBROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris, France.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague, Holland.
*For the sale of official publications excluding those of the Legislative
Department of the Government of Burma.
[The maximum limit of the body of the Report is four pages.]
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
NOTES AND STATISTICS ON VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1920-21.
Vaccination Establishment ... ... ... ... ...
Punishment—Removals, Dismissals, etc. ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination work performed during the year ... ... ... ... ...
New plan of work ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Successful results of vaccination ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination in towns ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Infant vaccination in towns ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Dispensary vaccination ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination in jails ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Steamer vaccination ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Verification of vaccination ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccine Depôt, Meiktila ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Training Class for Supervisors of Vaccination and Vaccinators ... ... ...
Cost of the Vaccination Department
...
...
...
...
...
General Remarks ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
PARA.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
PAGE
1
ib.
ib.
3
ib.
ib.
4
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
5
ib.
ib.
NOTES AND STATISTICS
ON
VACCINATION IN BURMA
FOR THE YEAR 1920-21.
1. Establishment.—The Vaccination Establishment employed during the
year 1920-21 as compared with that of the year preceding is shown in the sub-
joined table :—
Year.
1919-20 ...
1920-21 ...
Supervising Officers.
District
Superintendent
of
Vaccination.
42
41
Sub-Assistant
Surgeons.
29
29
Supervisors
of
Vaccination,
41
46
Head
Vaccinators.
3
3
Vaccinators.
325
347
The cadre of Supervisors of Vaccination was strengthened by the addition
of five more during the year, viz. one each in Pyapôn, Ma-ubin, Bassein, Henzada
and Amherst Districts. The operating staff was also increased by 14 permanent
and 8 temporary vaccinators. The permanent appointments numbered 4 in
Pyapôn, 3 in Bassein, 1 in Kyaikto Municipality ; and the 6 vaccinators entertained
by the Sawbwa in the Southern Shan States were for the first time included in
these returns. The temporary appointments were 1 in Amherst and 3 in Yamèthin
Districts, and 4 in Mandalay Municipality.
2. Punishments.—Eight
district vaccinators, 3 in Amherst, 2 each in
Myaungmya and Thayetmyo, and 1 in Tharrawaddy Districts, were either removed
or dismissed for falsification of diaries and returns.
One Supervisor of Vaccination retired on pension, 2 died, and 1 resigned the
service.
3. Vaccination Work performed.—The total number of persons vaccinated
during the year under report was 674,483, against 850,732, in 1919-20. Of this
number, 668,167 were vaccinated by the special staff (i.e. District and Town
Vaccinators), 2,073 by other agencies, and 4,243 by dispensary staff. The total
number of operations (exclusive of dispensary work) performed in 1920-21 was
670,425, of which 481,691 were primary and 188,734 re-vaccination cases, as
compared with 484,853 primary and 354,226 re-vaccination cases in 1919-20.
There was thus a decrease of 3,162 primary operations and 165,492 re-vaccina-
tions. This decrease is attributed to absence or less prevalence of small-pox in
many districts and towns.
Arakan Division.—Akyab District returned a deficit of 3,142; 1,437 primary
operations and 1,705 re-vaccinations. The absence of a small-pox .epdemic in
the district, an outbreak of measles and chicken-pox amongst children combined
with the prevalence of scabies and other skin diseases and a cholera outbreak were
the chief causes of the decline. Moreover, 2 vaccinators were engaged on
cholera duty and 4 on census work for a considerable period. Kyaukpyu District
shows an increase of 2,390 and Sandoway District an increase of 525 primary
cases.
NOTES AND STATISTICS ON VACCINATION IN BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1920-21.
5
M.B., Ch.B. Sub-Assistant Surgeon S. Muthuswamy Iyer continued to officiate
as Assistant Director throughout the year.
The number of calves inoculated during the year was 376 against 484
during 1919-20. Of this number, 43 calves either failed to re-act or yielded
lymph of poor quality which was rejected. One calf was rejected owing to its
developing a septic ulcer after inoculation. The total of doses issued was 951,108
against 1,068,553 in 1919-20, and 755,923 in 1918-19. The outturn per calf was
28.1 grammes, against 24.06 grammes in the preceding year. The Director
has again called attention to the wastage of vaccine lymph particularly with
reference to the following stations :—
Medical Officer, Mandalay Civil Dispensary, 61.12 per cent., Bassein
38.38 per cent., Tavoy 49.83 per cent., Mandalay Municipality 62.72 per cent.,
Myitkyina 53.99 per cent., and Pyapôn 45.5 per cent.
The total cost of the Depôt during the year was Rs. 22,238-0-11. A sum
of Rs. 3,918-3-4 realized from sale of calves and lymph was refunded into the
treasury. The net cost of the Depôt was thus Rs. 18,319-13-7 as compared
with Rs. 21,555-1-11 nett cost in the previous year. The cost of each dose of
lymph issued was 3.70 pies as compared with 3.87 pies in 1919-20.
13. Training Class.—Thirteen Supervisors of Vaccination and 44 vaccinators
were trained during the year. At the close of the year 9 Supervisors passed
the qualifying examination and 4 are still under training. Of the vaccinators
43 passed and I was eventually discharged from the class as he failed to
qualify even at the second attempt.
14. Cost of the Department.—The total expenditure during the year was
Rs. 258,101-6-7 or an increase of Rs. 9,452-9-5 on that of the year 1919-20.
The increase on pay of the establishment was Rs. 4,824-10-3 and on travelling
allowance Rs 8,260-9-1, but there was a decrease on contingencies of
Rs. 3,632-9-11. The average cost per each successful case of vaccination was
Re. 0-7-9 as against Re. 0-6-4 in 1919-20 As in the preceding year Yamèthin
District returned the lowest cost per case (i.e. Re. 0-2-3), Amherst District coming
next with an average cost of (Re. 0-3-4). On the other hand, the Northern
Arakan Hill Tracts and Mergui District returned the highest cost per successful
case. The cost in the former district was Rs. 2-0-8 and in the latter
Re. 1-2-11.
15. Genera1 Remarks.—The successful working of the Vaccine Depôt,
Meiktila, was due to Major A. J. Symes, I.M.S., and Captain Aung Tun who
filled the post of Director during the year and also to the Assistant Director,
Sub-Assistant Surgeon S. Muthuswamy Iyer. My thanks are due to them and
to the various officers who have assisted in popularizing vaccination in the
Province.
C. E. WILLIAMS, M.D., D.P.H., D.T.M., Lieut.-Col., I.MS.,
Superintendent-General of Vaccination, Burma.