NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
INDEX.
iii.
Donovan's solution, 207
Dorsal vertebræ, 60
Doses, medicines, 194
Drink, 79
Dullness, 80
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, 66
Duration of pregnancy, 15
Dusting powders, 225
Dysentery, 139, 140
Ear, 73
Eczema, 182
Elephants in calf, work of, 15
As transport animals, 2
Fly, 185
Inferior points of, 11
Source of supply, 3
Pox, 102
Emaciation, 84
Embrocations or liniments, 225
Endurance, power of, 33
Enemas or clysters, 196, 226
Enteritis or inflammation of bowels, 138
Epidemic pneumonia, 110
Dysentery or murrain, 140
Epsom salts, 208
Eucalyptus oil, 208
Ointment, 208
Examination, post mortem, 99
Excretions, 79
Exercise and work, 30
Exposure, 35
External applications, 224
Parasites, 184
Extract of nux vomica, 208
Extremities, 61
Eye, 72,154
In health, 156
Fallopian tube, 68
False or asternal ribs, 61
Feeding, time of, 26
Femur or thigh bone, 62
Fennel, 208
Fenugreek, 208
Ferri carbonas saccharata, 208
Iodium, 208
Sulphas, 208
Perchloride, tincture, 208
Fetters, 48
Fever, 80
Indications of, 82
Medicines for, 82
Treatment of, 82
Fibula and tibia, 62
Flatulent colic, 134, 228
Floating ribs, 61
Flukes-Liver, 146
Fodder, daily allowance of, 21, 27
Natural, 21
Food, 79
Forceps, 196
Foot, 63
Foot-and-mouth disease, 105
Fundament or anus, 81
Fracture, 191
Friar's balsam, 208
Galls, 164
Galls, oak, 208
Ganja, 208
Garlic, 26, 208
Gear, 36
General indications of ill-health, 80
Symptoms of anthrax, 88
Treatment of sickness, 78
Uses, 1
Gentian, 208
Ghee, 208
Ginger, 26, 209
Green, 209
Girths and slings, 37, 39, 41
Glands, temporal, 160
Inflammation of, 161
Glycerine, 209
Grazing, 43
Green fodder, varieties of, 24
Grooming and bathing, 29
Guddee, 39, 41, 42
Guddela, 39, 40, 42
Gullet, 64
Gunruss, 191
Hæmaturia or bloody urine, 126
Harderian gland, 73
Haunch bone or pelvis, 62
Haw, 73
Heart, its functions, 69, 84, 112
Heat apoplexy, 119
Exhaustion, 118
Height, 7
Hellebore (black), 209
Hemp, Indian, 209
Hepatitis or inflammation of liver, 150
Honey, 209
House utensils, 193
Hoof slipper, 63
Huldee, 209
Humerus, 62
Hydatids, 152
Hydrarg, iodidum, rubrum, ointment, 209
Hyoscyamus, 209
Hypodermic injection, 195
Identification, marks of, 8
Idiosyncrasies, 11
Ileum, jejunum, and duodenum, 65
Impregnation, 68
Indications of ill-health, 80
iv.
INDEX.
Indigestion, 134
Acute, 134
Chronic, 135
Indisposition, signs of, 10.
Inflammation of mouth, 136
Of bowels, 138
Of bladder, 125
Of cornea, 157
Of feet, 188
Of kidneys, 124
Of liver, 151
Of temporal glands, 161
Of skin, 164
Ingrowing nails, 181
Ink nuts, 209
Instructions for saddling, 41
For securing elephants, 52
Instruments, 196
Care of, 197
Post mortem, 99
Internal remedies, 237
Parasites, 144
Intestinal obstruction, 140
Iodine, 209
Liniment, 209
Ointment, 209
Tincture, 209
Iodoform, 209
Ointment, 209
Irregularities of the teeth, 136
Jaggery, 209
Jaundice, 151
Jejunum, duodenum, and ileum, 65
Jinjili leaves, 209
Oil, 210
Seeds, 210
Kaing grass, 22
Kerosine oil, 210
Kidneys, 67, 124
Knee joint or carpus, 62
Koochlie, 137
Kootkie, 210
Kumree, 117
Lachrymal apparatus, 73
Laminitis, 188
Larnyx, 70
Laxatives or aperients, 239
Lead acetate, 210
Leeches, 187
Lotion, 210
Subacetate liquor, 210
Lemon juice, 210
Lice, 185
Lime, 210
Lime water, 210
Chloride of, 206
Water, 310
Liniments or embrocations, 225
Linseed meal, 210
Oil, 210
Lips, 64
Liquor ammon., dilute, 210
Ammon. acetate, 210
Arsenicalis, 210
Liquorice root, country, 211
Liver, 66, 151
Flukes, 146
Weight of, 67
Loading, 31
Lock-jaw or tetanus, 109
Lumbar vertebræ, 60
Lungs, 70, 121
Mace, 211
Maggots, 138, 166,172, 185
Management, 21
Mango tree bark, 211
Seeds, 211
Margosa bark, 211
Fruit, 211
Fruit oil, 211
Leaves, 211
Tree, 211
Tree toddy, 211
Marks of identification, 8
Measure glasses, 196
Medicines, preparations of, 193
Administration of, 193
Mesentery, 66, 100
Metatarsals. 63
Midriff or diaphragm, 69
Milk, 17, 211
Sour, 211
Moisture around nails, 182
Mookunda, 192
Moringa bark and roots, 211
Flowers, 212
Leaves, 212
Mortar and pestle, 196
Mosquitoes, 187
Mothea beenj, 158
Mounting, 46
Mouth, cavity of, 64
Inflammation of, 136
Mucous membrane, 65, 70
Mumps or sore-throat, 122
Murrain or epidemic dysentery, 140
Muscular system, 73
Mussauls, 26, 82
Mustard, 212
Oil, 212
Musth, 68, 160
Myrrh, 212
Nails, diseases of, 181
Nasal chambers, 121
INDEX.
v.
Natural fodder, 21
Neck rope, 39, 42
Needles, surgical, 196
Seton, 196
Nephritis, 124
Nervous diarrhœa, 129
System, 115
Nictitating membrane, 73; 156
Nipples or teats, 69
Nose, 70,121
Numdah, 36
Nutmeg, 26, 212
Nux vomica, 212
Ôesophagus, 64
Oil of cinnamon, 212
Of turpentine, 212
Oleander, sweet scented, 212
Olive oil, 212
Onions, 213
Opacity of cornea, 158
Operations, to secure for, 49
Ophthalmia or sore-eyes, 157
Opium, 213
Tincture, 213
Optic nerve, 72
Ordinary diarrhœa, 129
Organs of generation, 14, 67
Outbreak of " Rot," 147
Ovaries, 68
Paces, 35
Pack gear, 38
Pain, 83
Papaw tree leaves, 213
Tree juice, 213
Paralysis, reflex, 117
Of trunk, 118
Of flap of ears, 118
Paraplegia, 117
Parasites, internal, 144, 228
External, 184
Symptoms of presence of, 150
Parasitic diarrhœa, 129, 145,146, 150
Parturition, 16
Patella or knee cap, 62
Pay of attendants, 21
Peculiarities in some animals, 12
Pelvis or haunch bone, 62
Penis, 67
Pepper, black, 213
Long, 213
Peppermint, 213
Pericardium, 69, (1) 1,112
Peritoneum, 65
Peritonitis, 141
Pestle and mortar, 196
Phalanges or toes, 63
Pharynx, 64
Phenyle, 213
Physic, precautions before giving, 131
Pimenta, 213
Piper cubeba,213
Pityriasis or scurf, 184
Pix liquida, 213
Plantain, 213
Tree leaves, 214
Tree root, 213
Pneumonia, 110, 122
Symptoms and treatment, 123
Points of good elephants, 10
Of inferior elephants, n
Poisoning, 142
Poisons and their antidotes, 143
Pomegranate rind, 214
Root, bark, 214
Poppy capsules, 214
Post-mortems, 99, 104
Potash bicarbonate, 214
Acetate, 214
Bromide, 214
Chlorate, 214
Iodidi, 214
Permanganas, 214
Permanganas liq., 214
Nitras, 214
Powers of endurance, 33
Precautions before giving physic, 131
Pregnancy, 15
Duration of, 15
Preparation of medicines, 193
Premier vaccin charbonneux, 95
Presence of parasites, symptoms of, 150
Prevention of disease, 76
Price of elephants, 4, 9
Probes, 196
Pulse, 82, 113
Purchase, 9
Purgatives, 221
Pyloric and cardiac, 65
Orifice, 66
Pyœmia, 107
Quicksands, 46
Quinine, sulph., 215
Rabies, 108
Treatment of, 109
Raddish, 215
Radius and ulna, 62
Reflex paralysis, 117
Remarks on height, 7
On post-mortems, 99
Resin, 215
Ointment, 215
Respiratory organs, 121
Rest and sleep, 30, 79
Restraint, 48
Retention of urine, 125
Retighten girth on march, 42
vi.
INDEX.
Rheumatism, 110
Symptoms and treatment,110
Rhubarb, 215
Ribs, 61
Rivers, crossing of, 46
Rot, 146,149
Runaway elephants, 42
Sacral vertebrae, 60
Saddles or ohn-dones, 37, 39, 41
Saddling, instructions for, 41
Sajhan, 174
Sales, 13
Salt, common, 215
Black, 215
Enema, 215
Rock, 215
Saw, fret, 196
Scales and weights, 196
Scalpels, 196
Scapula or shoulder-blade, 61
Scissors, 196
Scurf, 184
Secure for operations, 49
Seminal fluid, 67
Septicœmia, 107
Shelter, 79
Shoulder-blade or scapula, 61
Signs of health, 9
Of indisposition, 10
Skin, 74, 84, 163
Skull, 55
Sleep and rest, 30, 79
Small intestines, 66
Snake roots, 215
Soap, bar; soap, hard, 215
Country, 215
Enema, 215
Lint. co., 215, 226
Nuts, 215
Soft, 215
Sodæ, bicarb., 215
Carb., 215
Hyposulphite, 216
Sulphite, 216
Sore-eyes or ophthalmia, 157
Throat, 122
Sores or ulcers, 171
Sounds, trumpeting, 72
Spearmint, 216
Spermatozoa, 69
Spirits, aether, 216
Ætheris nitros, 216
Ammon., aromatic, 216
Camphor, 216
Rectificatus, 216
Spine or backbone, 59
Spleen, weight of, 67
Sprains, 190
Squills, Indian, 216
Staphyloma, 158
Standings, 80
Sternum or breastbone, 61
Stomach, 65
Stomatitis or inflammation of mouth, 136
Subnitrate of bismuth, 216
Sugar, coarse, 216
Sukka zahirbad, 85
Sulphur, 216
Ointment, 216
Sunstroke, 118
Super-purgation, 130
Supply, 3
Surgical needles, 196
Surra, 102
Definition and symptoms of, 102
Sutto, 216
Sweet flag, 217
Symptoms of presence of parasites, 150
Syringes, 197
Tamarind pulp, 217
Tar ointment, 217
Tarsus or hock, 63
Teeth, 57, 64. 137
Temperature, 80
Temporal glands, 160
Congestion of, 160
Tender feet, 187
Tendinous fibre, 73
Testicles, 68
Tetanus or lock-jaw, 109
Treatment and symptoms, 109
Tethering chains, 49
Thermometers, 81
Thorax or chest, 69
Thullee or tender feet, 187
Thut, 84, 105
Thymol, 217
Tibia and fibula, 62
Ticks, 187
Times of feeding, 26
Tobacco decoction, 217
Infusion, 217
Leaves, 217
Tonics, 222
To secure for operations, 49
Tongue, 64
Trachea and bronchi, 70
Treacle, 217
Treatment during sickness, 79
Of fever, 82
True or sternal ribs, 61
Trunk, muscular mechanism of, 70
Turmeric, 26, 217
Tusks, cutting off, 137
Udder, 69
Ujman, 217
Ujwan, 217
Ulceration of cornea, 158
INDEX.
vii.
Ulceration of forehead, 175
Of ear, 176
Of tail, 177
Ulcers or sores, 171
Ulcers on elbows, 173
Ulna and radius, 62
Urethra, functions of, 67, 124
Ureters, 67,124
Urinary organs, 67, 84, 124
Urine, specific gravity of, 124
Retention of, 125
Bloody, 126
Uro-genital canal, 67
Urticaria, 183
Use of salt, 26
Uterus or womb, 68
Vaccination, 95
How performed, 95
Vagina, 68
Value, 9
Varieties of green fodder, 24
Ventricles, 112,113
Verdigris, 217
Vermifuges, 223
Vinegar, 201, 217
Vomiting, 141
Vulva, 68
Warbles, 185
Warty growths around nails, 181
Watering, 28
Wax, 217
Weakness, anaemia, 84
Weight of carcass, 74
Of heart, 70
Of liver, 67
Of spleen, 67
Weights and measures, 193
Used by mahouts, 193
Wheat flour, 218
White arsenic, 70, 201
Wind-pipe, 70, 121
Windstroke, 117
Womb or uterus, 68
Work and exercise, 30
Working of elephants in calf, 15
Wounds, 166, 171
Zahirbad, 85
Sukka, 85
Zinc, chloride liq., 218
Lotion, 218
Oxide, 218
Ointment, 218
Sulphate, 218
G. B. C. P. O.—No. 19, A. V. D., 27-12-1901—510.
29
From
SURGEON-CAPTAIN L. F. CHILDE.
To
THE PRESIDENT,
Plague Research Committee.
Bombay, 20th October 1897,
SIR,
I have the honour to forward herewith my report on plague. It is
mainly confined to the pathology of the disease and the mode of entry of the
plague-bacillus into the body, with its exit therefrom, as this was the portion of
the enquiry assigned to me at a meeting of the Committee held in October 1896.
A clinical account of plague-pneumonia has been added, as well as some notes
on cases of unusual interest.
I regret that this report is not more complete, as I could have made more
post-mortem examinations had time permitted, and it is possible that there may
be some other varieties of plague which have escaped me; but as I have had
to perform all my ordinary duties during the whole of this enquiry, and those
of the First Physician, Sir Jamsetji Jijibhoy Hospital, in addition, during a part
of it, I have been unable to devote as much time to this research as I could
have wished.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
L. F. CHILDE, Surg.-Capt., I. M. S.,
Member, Plague Research Committee.
B 1751—8
41
six: such patches in the right lung and five in the left. The patches on the
surface had early pleurisy over them, and there were sub-pleural petechiae.
There were also live or six areas of mere engorgement, not consolidated but full
of blood and of intense purple-red colour ; they were patches in the first stage of
pneumonia.
Bronchial glands,.rather engorged and soft.
Liver, Spleen and Kidneys, large and engorged.
Stomach and Intestines engorged and some petechiae.
Lymphatic glands : Might Popliteal, two the size of beans rather red and
tirm, the left one normal.
Inguinal on both sides. The lowest were the largest, like walnuts partly
red, partly cream-colour, all rather firm ; the upper were all smaller, like beans,
some being red and some pale.
Iliac.—The lowest on each side was like a large almond, the others like
beans ; all were of a cream colour and rather soft.
Lumbar.—Pink, soft and as large as beans, some of them almost diffluent.
Mesenteric.—Some normal, some like beans and slightly red.
Supra-trochlear.—Right, like a large bean, purple-red, engorged and firm.
The left was normal.
Cervical.—The highest on each side was like an almond, swollen, firm and
deep-red ; of the lower ones some looked normal and some engorged.
Axillary, as large as hazelnuts, beans and peas, the larger ones being
much engorged and the smaller less so.
There was no haemorrhage, engorgement or oedema of the areolar tissue
around these sets of glands .respectively.
Distribution of the Plague-Bacillus.
Lung.—Second stage of pneumonia ;
enormous numbers of plague bacilli ; firt stage of pneumonia, plenty, but not so
many as above ; and general lung tissue far less.
Fluid in Trachea and Bronchi.—Enormous numbers of plague bacilli,
The Bronchial Glands showed only a few.
Liver and Kidney a few; Spleen rather more.
Blood, present, but not in large numbers.
Lymphatic Glands. Bight Inguinal showed enormous numbers and so did
the left, and generally the larger glands showed more of them than the smaller.
The Right and Left Iliac showed immense numbers.
The Lumbar showed large numbers,.but not so many as the above.
The large upper Cervical glands on each side showed huge numbers, and
the lower glands less.
The large Axillary glands of both sides showed large numbers, and the
smaller glands a few.
Right Supra-trochlear gland contained immense numbers, and the left
extremely few.
Right Popliteal contained a few, and the left scarcely any.
The Mesenteric contained very many, presenting almost the appearance of
the large inguinal glands.
Thus in this case the plague-bacillus was found in enormous numbers in the
pneumonic patches of the lungs, as well as in nearly all the lymphatic glands
of the body ; whereas the remaining organs showed it to an inconsiderable extent.
It will be convenient here to give an account of two further cases which
were of considerable interest.
B 1751—11
ELEPHANTS
ANT THEIR DISEASES
G. H. EVANS
ELEPHANTS AND THEIR DISEASES
LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
IN INDIA.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta.
W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
THACKER & Co., Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
PROPRIETOR, HANTHAWADDY PRESS, Rangoon.
SUPERINTENDENT, AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon.
IN ENGLAND.
E. A. ARNOLD, 41 and 43, Maddox Street, Bond Street, London, W.
HENRY S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, London, E.C.
CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, London, W.
BERNARD QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London, W.
P. S. KING & SON, 2 and 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, London, W.S.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street, London, S.W.
T. FISHER UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W.C.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 and 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
DEIGHTON BELL & Co., Cambridge.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane, London, E.C.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, London, W.C.
ON THE CONTINENT.
R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin, Germany.
OTTO HARRASSOWITZ, Leipzig, Germany.
KARL W. HIERSEMANN, Leipzig, Germany.
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris, France.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague, Holland.
RUDOLF HAUPT, 1. Dorrientrasse, Leipzig, Germany.
[Frontispiece.
AFRICAN AND INDIAN ELEPHANT.
ELEPHANTS
AND THEIR DISEASES
A Creatise on Elephants
BY
G. H. EVANS, LIEUT.-COLONEL
SUPERINTENDENT, CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
BURMA
PUBLISHED BY
AUTHORITY
RANGOON
SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA
1910
Price, Rs. 15 or 21s.]
PRINTED AT
THE GOVERNMENT PRESS
RANGOON
PREFACE.
THE last edition of this book was published in 1901 and has been out
of print for several years. The work has now been entirely rearranged
to make it more convenient for reference ; portions which appeared of
doubtful or of secondary interest have been omitted ; parts have been
entirely rewritten ; and considerable additions have been made from
my own experience and that of others.
The book has been written primarily for the use of those entrusted
with the anxious task of preventing or curing disease in elephants,
rather than for those possessed of medical or other scientific know-
ledge. The scantiness of the literature on the subject is, I am aware,
a source of embarrassment to those in charge of these valuable animals
and the need of some guide embodying the latest information has been
widely felt. It is hoped that the present volume will, to some extent
at least, supply this want.
In many of the forests of Burma the readily accessible timber has
been worked out, necessitating operations being conducted further and
further afield. Thus the work of extraction becomes more and more
arduous and the need for adequate elephant labour more than ever
imperative, and this, too, with a steady increase in the price even of
untrained or partially trained animals. The timber industry is not only
the source of handsome revenues to Government but is a lucrative one
for the capitalists engaged therein. The subject of elephant diseases
therefore, apart from its high scientific interest, has become a matter
of immense economic importance to the Province.
I regret that my appeal in the last edition for information and notes
concerning elephants and their diseases has, with a few exceptions,
met with little response. I trust those who are in a position to do so
will favour me with any facts and observations that may come under
their notice. In this connection the detailed instructions for the
preparation of blood-smears, if carefully followed, may materially assist
in arriving at a correct diagnosis.
viii
PREFACE.
I have much pleasure in acknowledging assistance from many friends
and acquaintances. Messrs. The Bombay Burma Trading Corporation,
Limited, Messrs. Steel Brothers & Company, Limited, and Messrs. C. B.
Lacey, H. Roberts and H. F. Bowden of the Bombay Burma Trading
Corporation, Limited, Messrs. B. T. Petley, H. R. Kerr, G. H. Fraser
and Baker of Messrs. Steel Brothers & Company, Limited, Mr. Dal-
gleish of the Borneo Company, Siam, and Mr. W. Hepburn, M.R.C.V.S.,
have at various times afforded me information. For the drawings I am
indebted to Major F. W. Thomas, Major T. Robinson and Captain
A. G. Stuart, of the Indian Army, and for the coloured plates
illustrating Fasciola Jacksoni, bacteria and other organisms to Captain
J. D. E. Holmes, Mr. S. H. Gaiger, both of the Civil Veterinary'Depart-
ment, and the Editor of the "Journal of Tropical Veterinary Science."
My colleagues, Messrs. T. Rennie and C. J. N. Cameron, read the
proof sheets and advised me as the book was passing through the
press. Finally to Mr. R. W. Bishop, Superintendent, Government
Printing, to whose care the publication was entrusted, my special
thanks are due.
It only remains to add, as on a previous occasion, that the book
has been written at odd intervals of official duties which involve almost
constant travelling, and no one can be more conscious of its short-
comings than I. Nevertheless I am sanguine enough to hope that its
publication will do something towards ensuring a better knowledge of
elephants and perhaps the better supervision and health of these
noble creatures.
G. H. EVANS.
RANGOON, June 1910.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
ADAMS.—" A Treatise on the Diseases, Lameness and Accidents to which the
Horse is liable."
" Animal Life and the World of Nature."
ASHBY.—" Notes on Physiology."
BAKER.—"The Rifle and the Hound in Ceylon."
BLANFORD.—" Fauna of British India (Mammalia)."
BROWN.—" Shikar Sketches, etc."
BROWNING.—" Siam, its Kingdom, and its People."
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CARTER.—" The Kingdom of Siam."
CLIFFORD.—" Handbook for Transport Training Classes."
COBBOLD.—" Parasites."
" On the Internal Parasites of Domesticated Animals."
CUVIER.—" The Animal Kingdom."
FINLAY DUN - .—" Veterinary Medicines."
FLEMING.—" Animal Plagues " ; " Veterinary Sanitary Science and Police."
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extinct."
FORSYTH.—" The Highlands of Central India."
FRIEDBEGER AND FROHNER (Translated by Hayes).—" Infective Diseases of
Animals."
GILCHRIST.—" Treatise on Diseases of the Elephant, 1848—1851."
HAWKES.—" Diseases of the Elephant and Camel."
HAYES.—" Veterinary Notes for Horse-owners."
HOARE.—" Veterinary Therapeutics."
HOLMES.—"Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of Bazaar Drugs."
HUNTER.—"A Statistical Account of Assam."
" Journal of Tropical Veterinary Science."
KHORY.—"The Bombay Materia Medica and their Therapeutics."
LEVSON (H. A. L.).—" Sport in Many Lands."
LINGARD.—" Horse Surra."
MACALISTER.—" Anatomy of Vertebrata."
MACNAMARA.—" Diseases of the Eye."
MIALL AND GREENWOOD.—" Anatomy of the Indian Elephant."
NETTLESHIP.—" Diseases of the Eye."
" Oriental Sporting Magazines."
OWEN.—" Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Vertebrates."
PEASE.—" On Surra and Anthrax."
" Quarterly Journal of Veterinary Science in India."
SANDERSON.—" Pack-gear for Elephant."
"Thirteen Years among the Wild Beasts of India."
SELOUS.—"A Hunter's Wanderings in Africa."
SHAKESPEARE.—" Wild Sports in India."
STEEL.—" Indian Veterinary Manuals " : " The Elephant."
STEEL AND SYMONDS.—" Indian Veterinary Manuals," " Materia Medica,"
" Veterinaria Indica."
STERNDALE.—" Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon."
SYMONDS AND MILLS.—" Veterinary Materia Medica and Therapeutics."
TENNENT.—" Natural History of Ceylon, 1861."
TUSON.—" Veterinary Pharmacopœia."
" Veterinarian." Papers on the Elephant by Hawkes.
"Veterinary Journal." Paper by Nunn, 1892.
" Veterinary Record."
" Veterinary News."
WICKHAM.—" Military Transport in India, 1892."
YULE.—" Narrative of an Embassy to Ava, 1855."
[Facing page XI.
DIAGRAM OF ELEPHANT WITH BURMESE NAMES FOR VARIOUS POINTS.
CONTENTS.
PART I.
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
I.—Supply. Age. Height. Weight. Value. Purchase.
Sales. Marks of Identification
II.—General Hygiene:—On the Causes and Prevention
of Disease. Feeding. Natural Fodder. Artificial
Food. Times of Feeding. Watering. Work and
Exercise. Power of Endurance. Paces. Rest and
Sleep. Exposure. Bathing and Grooming. Atten-
dants and their Duties
III.—Hygiene:—Gear for Dragging. Pack-gear. Care of
Gear. Summary of General Hygiene
IV.—Mounting. Restraint. Fettering for Grazing. Secur-
ing for Operations. Bolting. Crossing Rivers.
Quicksands. Destruction of Elephants
PART II.
OUTLINES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
I.—The Skeleton
.
II.—The Skin. Mucous and Serous Membranes. Mus-
cular System
.
III.—The Chest and Organs of Respiration
IV.—The Circulatory System
V.—The Digestive System
VI.—The Urinary System
VII.—Organs of Reproduction. Milk. Breeding. Pregnancy.
Parturition
.
.
.
.
VIII.—The Nervous System and Special Organs
IX.—Elementary Physiology
X.—Elementary Physiology—continued
PAGE
I
15
39
49
61
73
76
81
83
88
90
98
100
104
xii
CONTENTS.
PART III.
MEDICINES AND THEIR ADMINISTRATION. FORMULÆ.
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
I.—Preparation and Mode of Administration
II.—Instruments. Weights and Measures
III.—Formulæ—Internal Remedies
IV.—List of Useful Drugs in the Treatment of Elephants—
Drugs with their Doses and Equivalent Native
Names, etc.
....
PAGE
109
"3
117
138
PART IV.
NON-INFECTIVE DISEASES.
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
I.—General Treatment of Sickness
II.—General Indications of Ill-health
III.—Stomatitis (Inflammation of the Mouth). Disorders
of the Teeth. Congestion and Inflammation of the
Temporal Glands
....
IV.—Wounds. Abscess. Serous Abscess
V.—Ulceration. Sinuses and Fistulæ. Burns and Scalds
VI.—Sprains
Fractures and Dislocations. Cramp.
Rheumatism
....
VII.—Diseases of the Skin :—Abrasions. Galls. Pityriasis
or Scurf. Urticaria or Nettle-rash. Eczema. Boils.
Hæmatidrosis
....
VIII.—Diseases of the Skin {continued)—External Para-
sites :—Blood-sucking Flies. Non-blood-sucking
Flies. Maggots. Warbles. Spider-flies. Ticks.
Lice. Leeches
....
IX.—Diseases of the Feet:—Tender Feet. Inflammation of
the Feet. Cracked Sole. Cracked Heels. Abscess
of the Foot. Disease of the Nails. Moisture
under the Nails. Gunruss. Chowrung
163
165
173
179
190
198
202
210
218