144
Contagious Pleuro-Pneumonia of Goats
Infarcts were found at autopsy in the controls, and in two of the four experi-
mental ' infarcted ' goats, the typical pleuro-pneumonia resulted. The experi-
ment is not recorded in detail, as the subsequent finding that the pneumonia
could be readily transmitted by insufflation—a much less artificial proce-
dure—fortunately obviated the necessity for further experimentation on
these lines, which involve an unnecessarily laborious technique.
(2) Intra-nasal insufflation
Experiment 11.—Transmission by intra-nasal insufflation of pneumonic lung
emulsion : 1st passage
Campbell [1938] reports that bovine pleuro-pneumonia can regularly
be induced in cattle by spraying cultures of the organism at high pressure
into the atmosphere of a closed space housing the cattle, this providing the
long felt need of a reliable method of testing immunity, etc. It was thought
that the principle employed here might prove successful in the caprine disease,
by adopting the procedure of spraying fresh emulsion into the nostrils.
Technique.—For the experiment, the De Vibis atomiser was useed with
the nozzle inserted some 2-3 inches into the nasal cavity, the source of pres-
sure being a Leybold's electric vacuum pump reversed for pressure. These
in combination were found to provide an exceedingly fine spray which dis-
charged for about a metre at the rate of some 20 c. c. per minute.
The virulent pneumonic lung emulsion (1:1 Tyrode) from donors 42
and 46, prepared on the 14th of February 1939, and used for testing the sus-
ceptibility of other species (Experiment 21) and for other experiments, was
administered after 24 hours in cold storage, intra-nasally, and in the above
manner, to four healthy goats, spraying 5 c. c. into each nostril. Intermittent
pressure on the chest wall was applied during the insufflation to enforce deep
respirations. Two goats received 2.5 c. c. of the emulsion intra-muscularly,
as controls of its virulence.
All the four intra-nasal subjects were housed in a separate section, pre-
viously unused for goats, and distant some 400 yards from all other goats,
with a separate attendant in charge of them.
Results.—Both controls developed full local lesions and were destroyed
in extremis, as shown above, for purposes of transmission. Goats Nos. 125
and 126 died 15 days after the insufflation and were autopsied. Goat No. 125
had typical lesions of consolidation in the diaphragmatic lobe of the left lung
and complete consolidation of the right apical lobe. Coagulated effusion was
present in both pleural cavities, attached to and covering both lungs, with
bilateral costal pleuritis. Goat No. 126 was found to have typical consolida-
tion of the apical and cardiac and of a portion of the diaphragmatic lobe of
the right lung, with congestion of the costal pleura and early hepatisation of
the cardiac lobe of the left lung. Only the last named had shown any thermal
reaction (104.2°F., on the 8th day only) and neither had revealed clear symp-
toms of disease, nor was reported to have been coughing. In both cases
the lesions were quite characteristic, but no transmission was here attempted
by reason of post-mortem change. In view of these findings, the two resi-
dual goats, Nos. 124 and 127, were slaughtered on the following day (3 March
1939), 16 days after insufflation. In goat No. 127, the right lung showed no