NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
INTERNAL REMEDIES AND EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS,
ALSO A NUMBER OF FORMULÆ FOR MUSSAULS, &c.
Internal remedies.
Anodynes.—Agents employed to allay or diminish pain, and of
these opium is the most useful—
(1) Opium may be given in doses from 2 drachms up to 1 ounce.
(2) Indian hemp ...
(3) Dhatura ...
(4) Henbane
(5) Opium
Camphor
Bhang ...
Ganja ...
Seeds ...
Leaves ...
...
...
...
... 5 to 10 drachms.
... 2 to 6 drachms.
... 2 to 4 drachms.
... 4 drachms to 1½ ounces.
... 2 to 4 drachms.
... 3 drachms.
... 4 drachms.
Any of the above in doses regulated in accordance with the se-
verity of the case may be added to other medicines, namely, carda-
moms, nutmeg, cloves, assafœtida, but must be repeated with
caution, that is, half doses every three or four hours.
(6) Laudanum
Sweet spirits of nitre
Water...
... 3 ounces.
... 3 ounces.
sufficiency.
Soaked in bread or boiled rice.
Astringents are drugs which aid in checking secretions such as
diarrhoea and dysentery—
(7) Opium ...
Powdered catechu ...
Powdered cardamoms
Powdered chalk
... 3 drachms.
... 6 drachms.
... 4 drachms.
... 2 to 4 ounces (mix well).
Every four hours if necessary.
(8) Opium ... ... ... ...
Acetate of lead ... ... ...
Powdered ginger ... ... ...
3 drachms.
½ to I drachm.
6 drachms to an ounce.
Twice a day.
Sulphate of copper ... ... ...
Or powdered alum ... ... ...
1 drachm,
2 drachms.
May be used in lieu of the lead.
Oak galls in doses of 2 to 4 drachms, or gallic, or tannic acid, in
doses of I drachm, may be added to, or substituted for, one or
more of the ingredients in the above prescriptions, the opium being
retained.
(9) Pomegranate peel powdered, in doses of 6 drachms to 3 ounces,is also a
good astringent.
Bael fruit is very useful, as also is solution of gum arabic.
(10) Opium ...
...
...
Galls
...
...
...
Pimento, or nutmeg... ... ...
Carbonate of soda ...
... ...
2 to 4 drachms.
2 drachms.
4 drachms.
½ ounce (mix.) ––Tuson.
Once or twice daily.
220
APPENDICES.
Carminatives, cordials, or digestive tonics.—Warm stimu
lating drugs generally possessing an agreeable taste and odour,
such as aromatic seeds, spices. They dispel flatus, allay griping,
temporarily restore exhausted strength and rouse the system. They
are generally given mixed with ghee, jaggery, by mahouts, under the
name of mussauls. They are also beneficial combined with stimu
lants, rum, brandy, especially to an animal suffering from cold and
fatigue.
The more important are turmeric, garlic, cardamoms, nutmeg,
cinnamon, coriander, aniseed, ginger, caraway, allspice, cloves,
mace, cummin, mustard seeds, long pepper, black pepper, fennel,
fenugreek, liquorice, and assafcetida. Dose ½ an ounce, once or
twice a day. Capsicum is useful in doses from ½ to I½ drachms.
It has already been noted that though useful when occasion arises
their indiscriminate employment is undoubtedly a source of much
mischief.
(11) Powdered aniseed...
Powdered cardamoms...
Powdered gentian...
⅓ an ounce of each, to be well mixed.
Once or twice a day.
(12) Podwered caraway seed...
Powdered cinchona bark...
Powdered ginger...
⅓ an ounce of each, mixed.
Once or twice a day.
(13) Powdered black pepper
Powdered chiretta
Powdered liquorice
... ⅓ an ounce of each, mixed.
Once or twice a day.
(14) Bicarbonate of soda...
Chiretta... ...
Caraway seed ... ...
⅓ an ounce of each, mixed.
Once or twice a day.
(15) Fatigue brandy, rum or whisky, with powdered cloves or
nutmeg and a little water.
Soaked in bread or mixed with boiled rice.
Diuretics.—Agents which promote the action of kidneys, caus
ing an increased secretion and discharge of urine.
(16) Nitrate of potash
...
...
...
Powdered resin
...
...
...
Bar soap ... ... ...
⅓ ounce.
1 to 1½ ounces.
1 ounce.
To be well mixed and given with jaggery.
(17) Bicarbonate of potash ... ...
Rum or gin
...
...
...
Water ...
...
...
...
4 to 6 drachms.
8 ounces.
Sufficiency.
Especially useful in feeble animals.
APPENDICES.
221
(18)
(19)
(20)
Sweet spirits of nitre ...
Vinegar ... ...
Sour milk ... ...
Boiled rice ... ...
Onions ... ...
Green ginger ... ...
in 3-ounce doses, with water.
4 ounces, well diluted.
of each 10 pounds.
1 pound.
Give once a day if necessary for two or three days.
(21)
(22)
Oil of turpentine
...
Radishes have a diuretic action.
2 -ounce doses, mixed with
white of egg or gruel, but
must not be used when
the kidneys are affected.
Dose 6 to 24 pounds.
The bark, root, and seeds of the common moringa or drumstick
fruit tree may be given in doses of I to 4 pounds.
Laxatives or aperients.—Agents which act gently on the
bowels.
(23) Tamarind pulp ...
Common salt ...
(24) Castor, or ... ...
Linseed oil ... ...
(25) Tamarind pulp ...
Salt
... ...
Cassia pulp
...
...
Sweet oil
...
...
Cummin
...
...
of each 8 ounces.
1 to 1½ pints.
2 ounces.
8 ounces.
1 ounce.
8 ounces.
1 ounce.
Mix and put the whole in a tender plantain leaf and give.—Steel.
(26) Tamarind pulp ...
Epsom salts ... ...
(27) Sublimed sulphur ...
Jaggery ... ...
(28) Clarified butter or ghee ...
6 ounces.
10 to 12 ounces.
3 ounces.
A sufficiency.
1 to 2 pounds.
Mixed with honey or jaggery.
Purgatives.—Purgatives are medicines which cause evacuation
of the bowels ; the milder are called laxatives or aperients. Mahouts
are much averse to the use of purgatives.
Purgatives often cause severe griping pains; in order to correct
this they are usually combined with some warm aromatic drugs
such as aniseed, ginger, coriander, cardamoms, caraway seeds,
allspice, &c, in doses of half an ounce and more.
Henbane leaves may be used with the same object, combined
with aloes, colocynth, &c, in drachm doses.
Barbaloin is the active principle of Barbadoes aloes; it is claimed
that its action is more rapid and safer, and it has the great advan-
tage of being tasteless and odourless, and also does not gripe. Its
strength is said to be two and a half times that of Barbadoes aloes,
that is, that I drachm equals about 2½ drachms of aloes. The
only thing against it is that it is expensive: it is nevertheless, being
a tasteless drug, well worthy of extensive trial.
222
APPENDICES.
(29) Common or Epsom salts ... ...
(30) Cassia pulp
... ... ...
(31) Cassia leaves (senna) ... ... ...
*(32) Croton oil
...
...
...
Castor oil
... ... ...
(33) Tamarind pulp
... ...
(34) Custard-apple leaves
... ...
(35) Aloes, Barbadoes
...
...
Calomel ... ... ...
(36) Colocynth
...
...
...
(37) Aloes ...
... ...
Croton seeds
...
...
...
Jaggery
...
...
...
1 pound.
1 to 3 ounces.
1 to 2 pounds.
30 to 40 drops.
8 ounces.
1 pound.
100
to 250.
8 drachms.
1 drachm.
The dried peeled fruit free
from seeds, or the pulp,from
4 to 6 drachms. As it may
cause severe griping, it
should be combined with a
drachm or two of powdered
henbane. Especially use-
ful when the liver is out of
order.
4½ to 6 drachms.
2½ to 4½ drachms.
A sufficiency.
Or, nine drachms of croton seeds alone may be given, and repeated
the following day if the animal refuses to take aloes.—Hawkes.
(38) Croton seeds
...
... ...
Calomel
...
... ...
Aloes
...
... ...
1 ounce.
1½ drachms.
6 drachms.
Make into a ball with rice flour and jaggery.—Forsyth,
Tonics.—Agents which gradually improve the condition and
functions of the digestive organs so as to enable the system to ac-
quire increased tone and vigour. Tonics should be continued for
some time. Iron and arsenic are two of the most valuable.
Arsenic must only be given after food, and it is also desirable to
only give it for a week or ten days at a time, after which it should
be discontinued for four days or so, some other tonic being substi-
tuted during this period.
Liquor arsenicalis is tasteless and readily taken mixed in a
bucket of water. Strength : an ounce of liquor arsenicalis contains
four grains of arsenic.
(39) Liquor arsenicalis.
Dose ½ to 1 ounce daily.
(40) Arsenic
Nux-vomica (powdered)
Genlian or chiretta (powdered)
Once or twice a day.
(41) Sulphate of iron ...
Cinchona bark (powdered)
Ginger
Once or twice a day.
... 2 grains.
... 1 drachm.
... ½ ounce.
... 2½ drachms.
... 4 drachms.
... 6 drachms.
* Useful in apoplexy.
APPENDICES.
223
(42) Carbonate of
iron...
... ...
Sulphate of
quinine...
...
...
Extract of nux-vomica...
... ...
Caraway
seed...
...
...
2 drachms.
1 drachm.
10
grains.
2 drachms.
Once or twice a day.
(43) Sulphate of copper
...
...
...
Cinchona bark (powdered)
...
...
Aniseed ... ... ...
1 to 1⅓ drachms.
½ ounce.
⅓ ounce.
Once daily.
(44) Nim or margosa bark, powdered (Tama-akauk),..
Ginger
...
...
...
(45) Holarrhena antidysenterica (seeds)
...
...
Gentian
...
...
...
1 ounce.
½ ounce.
4 drachms.
4 drachms.
Twice a day.
(46) Embelia ribes (berries)
...
...
...
Ginger
...
...
...
6 drachms.
4 drachms.
Once daily.
Vermifuges.—Agents which kill, expel, or prevent the return of
worms.
Before administering these remedies an animal should be allowed
short ration for some few hours beforehand and for some hours
after. These preparations will require repetition every now and
again.
After expulsion of worms, good food, wheaten cakes, gruel, boiled
rice and salt must be given to keep up the animal's strength, and
the same treatment must be adopted during convalescence, when
tonics should be given.
(47) Daily administration of salt
... ...
(48) Tartar emetic ...
... ... ...
Sulphate of iron
... ... ...
Aniseed
...
... ... ...
1½ to 2 ounces.
2 drachms.
2 drachms.
½ ounce.
Once daily for four or five days, after which a purgative should be
given.
(49) Powdered black salt
...
...
...
Sulphate of iron
...
...
...
Chiretta
...
...
...
2½ ounces.
2½ drachms.
1 ounce.
Once a day.
(50) Assafœtida ... ... ...
Calomel ... ... ...
Aniseed ... ... ...
1 ounce.
1 drachm.
½ ounce.
Once daily for a few days, followed by a purgative.
(51) Powdered seeds of the Butea frondosa (Pouk bin)... 4 or 5 drachms.
Once daily for three or four days, followed by a purgative.
(52) Pomegranate peel (Thalai-thi-akhun)...
1 to 2 ounces.
Once daily.
(53) Holarrhena antidysenterica ... ...
Bdellium (myrrh) ... ... ...
Catechu ... ... ... ...
Common salt
...
...
...
Water ... ... ... ...
4 drachms.
4 drachms.
1 ounce.
5 ounces.
1½ pints.
Mix and give as a draught.—Steel.
224
APPENDICES.
The papaya fruit and leaves may be given. Steel and Khory state
that it is a good vermifuge for round worms.
External applications: Blisters.—Blisters are substances
which when applied to the skin cause irritation, raise it, and give
rise to blebs containing an amber coloured watery looking secre-
tion.
Objects for which used.—(1) To raise the vigour of the circulation
of the affected part by establishing a degree of irritation or inflam-
mation of the skin.
(2) To stimulate the absorbent vessels of the part, and by so
doing cause removal of effused fluids.
Instructions on their use,—(a) Never apply a blister to an abraded
surface or to a part when inflammation, that is, heat, pain, and ten-
derness exist. Wait till all inflammation has been subdued through
the agency of other means.
(b) When the blister has acted wash off with soap and tepid water,
then apply vaseline or sweet oil to the surface.
(c) Never apply a blister at the bend of a joint. If desirous to
apply one in the vicinity of a joint, it is necessary to protect the bend
by first smearing plain vaseline or lard into it.
When using fluid blistering agents place a little cotton wool below
the part to be blistered to absorb the drip. Apply with a brush, or
dab on with a cloth.
The size of the blister will depend on the condition to be treated.
On the loins, for the kidneys, or injury, it may be a foot square on
each side. Around sores, a ring is applied 2 or 3 inches broad
close to the wound, but so as not to enter it. The blistered surface
should be covered over with a piece of paper or cloth and protected
with a rug to prevent the animal getting his trunk or tail smeared
with any of the blistering agents. The mahout should remain with
the elephant till blister has acted and been washed off.
(54) Croton oil ... ... ...
Oil of turpentine or soap liniment ...
(55) Red iodide of mercury ... ...
Lard, vaseline, or ghee ... ...
(56) Powdered cantharides (Spanish fly) ...
Oil of turpentine ... ...
Methylated spirit ... ...
... 2 drachms.
... 1½ to 2 ounces.
... 1 part.
... 8 to 12 (1 to 8 is a very
strong blister); 1 to 16
mild.
... 1 ounce.
... 2 ounces.
... 1 pint.
Mix and allow to digest for a fortnight, occasionally stirring, then
strain. Never to be applied to the loins. Useful blister
Caustics are corrosive applications which by. chemical action
destroy tissues to which they are applied, and are used in foul
ulcerated surfaces, spreading inflammations, or to keep down proud
flesh.
APPENDICES.
225
Strong caustics,
(57) Hot iron, rarely used on elephants.
(58) Nitrate of silver (lunar caustic)—used in pencil as a solid.
The affected tissues are gently rubbed with the stick, which must,
like other solid caustics, be held in paper or a caustic-holder.
(59) Sulphate of copper (blue-stone)—similarly applied.
(60) Carbolic acid
...
...
...
Water
...
...
...
1 part.
3 parts.
Milder caustics.
(61) Nitrate of silver ... ... ...
Water ... ... ...
(62) Sulphate of copper ... ... ...
Water ... ... ...
(63) Chloride of zinc ... ... ...
Water ... ... ...
5 to 15 grains.
1 ounce.
10 to 30 grains.
1 ounce.
1 to 3 grains.
1 ounce.
Dusting powders are dry applications used to protect raw
surfaces and reduce discharges. The drugs are generally mixed
with precipitated chalk, starch, or fine flour.
(64) Iodoform
...
...
...
Starch
...
...
...
(65) Alum (powdered)
...
...
...
Charcoal
...
...
...
Chalk
...
...
...
1 part.
3 parts.
1 drachm.
4 drachms.
1 ounce.
especially used when there is a foul odour.
(66) Boracic acid (powdered).
(67)
(68)
(69)
Oxide of zinc
Starch
}
equal parts.
Powdered catechu.
Powdered aloes.
Iodoform, one part, may be added to three parts of any of the
above and will tend to keep away flies. Lint, gauze, tow, cotton,
wool, medicated with antiseptics such as carbolic acid, boracic
acid, corrosive sublimate, eucalyptus, iodoform, are largely employ-
ed in dressing and protecting wounds from air, dirt, &c. Carbolized
tow is inexpensive and most useful.
Embrocations or liniments are local agents used for stimu-
lating the skin and subjacent parts, in sprains, enlarged glands, &c,
and require to be rubbed into the affected parts for ten to fifteen
minutes once or twice a day.
Solution of ammonia, which is much used in the preparation of em-
brocations, is made as follows :—
Liquor ammonia (fort)
...
...
Water
...
...
(70) Solution of ammonia ...
...
...
Olive or sweet oil
...
...
1 part.
2 parts.
1 ounce.
2 ounces.
Mix and shake well.
29
226
APPENDICES.
(71) Solution of ammonia...
... ...
Olive
oil...
... ...
Oil of turpentine-...
... ...
equal parts.
Shake the oil and ammonia together well, and then add the tur
pentine and shake again.
Compound liniment of camphor.
(72) Camphor
...
...
...
Methylated spirit ... ... ...
Olive or sweet oil
...
...
...
Solution of ammonia ... ... ...
1 ounce.
4 ounces.
1 pint.
2 ounces.
Dissolve the camphor in the spirit, shake the olive oil with the
ammonia, and mix well.
Compound soap liniment.
(73) Soft soap ... ... ...
Camphor ... ... ...
Methylated spirit ... ... ...
Solution of ammonia ... ... ...
4 ounces.
1 ounce.
2 pints.
⅓ pint.
Dissolve the soap and the camphor in the spirit, then add the
ammonia and strain for use.
(74) Oil of turpentine ... ... ...
Mustard oil ... ... ...
equal parts.
Liniments.
(75) Mustard mixed with warm water (not boiling) and made into a thin paste.
Anodyne for pain.
(76) Laudanum
...
...
...
Soap liniment
...
...
...
1 part.
3 parts.
Enemas or clysters, are liquids thrown into the rectum by
means of an instrument, and the one recommended is Read's
patent, with a specially long nozzle (that is, two feet). The gum-
elastic tubing does not last in this climate, but rubber tubing can
be attached easily and will answer the purpose very well, or an
enema funnel can easily be made (see Fig. 34). It consists of a tin
funnel. The bend is usually made of copper, into which is fixed a
wooden pipe.
Objects for which they are used:—
(a) To bring about an evacuation or emptying of the bowels.
(b) To allay pain in the bowels, or adjacent organs such as
the kidneys and bladder.
(c) To introduce medicinal substances when from any cause
they cannot be given by mouth.
APPENDICES.
227
Instructions for their use :—
Posture.—The animal must be made to assume the crouching pos-
ture he does while being loaded, but if possible the fore-quarters
should be lower than the hind-quarters. A sloping ground will
answer this purpose. The tail must be held on one side or right
up by a man standing on the back.
(a) In order to evacuate the bowels a large quantity (many
quarts) must be thrown up. The procedure is as follows : As much
dung as can be reached must be removed by the hand first of all,
then the pipe of the syringe previously anointed with some lubri-
cant (vaseline or any sweet oil) must be passed gently a foot or more
into the bowel ; this requires no force, but gentle manipulation. If
force is used there is danger of injuring the bowel wall, and the
creature is induced to strain down, which is just what is not desired
at this time. The pipe having been inserted, warm water and soap,
or plain water, is to be injected without force, and continued till the
animal can contain no more, evinced by obvious discomfort. For
producing evacuation of the bowels enemas are most useful in ele-
phant practice ; they are to be preferred in most cases to internal
remedies, producing the desired result in a much shorter time, with
less pain, and at all times where the possibility of obstruction exists
they are the only safe means to be employed. Again, no consti-
pation ensues, which is almost an invariable sequel to internal re-
medies.
(b) In this instance it is not desired to bring about an evacuation
but merely to bring hot water into contact with the parts with the
object of allaying pain. Hence, to do good this must be retained,
and to effect this, not more than four quarts must be injected at
a time. Should this be returned, a smaller bulk must again be
thrown up and this can be repeated every half-hour till pain is reliev-
ed. For this purpose water alone must be used and should be
injected at a temperature of 105 0 as nearly as possible (not higher).
The hand will bear this without discomfort. If less, the value of the
enema is diminished.
(c) Is administered like (b), that is, with the object of being re-
tained. Medicines are added to the enema to effect various objects,
e.g., relief of pain, killing parasites.
In procedure (a) the following may be added where ordinary
simple enemas are not effectual:—
Constipation.
(77) Castor-oil
...
...
...
...
Bicarbonate of soda
...
...
...
Soap, soft
...
...
...
...
1 pint.
4 drachms
1 ounce.
Mix well with some warm water.
228
APPENDICES.
(78)
(79)
Turpentine up to four or five ounces beaten up with the whites of three or
four eggs, and added to one pint of gruel or starch, and well mixed with
warm water.
Powdered aloes ... ... ...
Bicarbonate of soda
...
...
...
Boiling water
...
...
...
1 ounce.
½ ounce.
4 quarts.
When cool enough, inject.
(80) Salt or Epsom salts
...
...
Warm water
...
...
10 to 12 ounces.
1 gallon.
Wind, as in flatulent colic.
(81) Assafœtida
...
...
...
Soft soap
...
...
...
Warm water
...
...
...
1 to 1½ ounces.
½ ounce.
3 to 4 quarts.
In procedure (c).
Pain or diarrhœa.
(82) Powdered opium ... ... ...
(83) Laudanum ... ... ...
Starch or gruel ... ... ...
½ to 1 ounce boiled in
water, to which add thin
arrowroot, rice, or starch
gruel.
2 to 4 ounces.
3 quarts.
(84) Six or eight poppy-heads well boiled in water, after which add three quarts
of rice gruel or starch.*
Parasites (Ascaris lonchoptera.)
(85) Common salt
...
...
...
Daily.
(86) Oil of turpentine ... ... ...
Sweet oil
...
...
...
Soft soap and warm water
...
...
Alternate days.
4 ounces, to 2 quarts of
warm water.
4 ounces.
1 pint.
2 to 3 quarts.
* The starch should be mixed with very hot water, when it swells up into a thick gruel, and when cool enough is
added to enemas.
APPENDICES.
229
Stimulants.
As a stimulant if animal is very weak.
(87) Rum, brandy or whisky, eight ounces beaten up with six eggs.
Starch gruel
...
...
...
... 2 quarts.
Repeat as required.
or
(88) Sulphuric æther ...
...
...
... 2 or 3 ounces.
Water ...
...
...
...
... 2 quarts.
Eye washes.
(89)
(90)
(91)
(92)
(93)
Sulphate of copper ... ... ... ...
Water
...
...
...
...
Nitrate of silver ... ... ... ...
Water
...
...
...
...
Sulphate of zinc ... ... ... ...
Water ... ... ... ...
Borax ... ... ... ...
Water ... ... ... ...
Alum ... ... ... ...
Water ... ... ... ...
1 grain.
1 ounce.
1 grain.
1 ounce.
1 grain.
1 ounce.
10
grains.
1 ounce.
4 grains.
1 ounce.
A small quantity to be syringed gently into the eye three or four
times a day. Weak solutions as the above can do no harm.
Pain.
(94) Extract of belladonna ... ... ... ...
Water ... ... ... ...
5 grains.
1 ounce.
This may be added to any of the above in this strength, that is,
5 grains of extract of belladonna to the ounce.
(95) Extract of belladonna
...
...
...
Water
...
...
...
...
Glycerine
...
...
...
...
2 drachms.
1 drachm.
½ ounce.
Rub the extract down with water, then add the glycerine and mix well
together. This may be applied by rubbing it into the skin around
the eye.
Eye ointments.
(96) Yellow oxide of mercury
...
...
...
Vaseline
...
...
...
...
1 to 3 grains.
1 drachm.
A small quantity about the size of a split pea is inserted under the
upper lid.
Eye powder.
(97) Calomel, a few grains on a camel's hair brush flicked into the eye
once daily.
230
APPENDICES.
Fomentations are local applications of hot water with the ob-
ject of relieving pain. They may be employed over small areas
such as the eye, or extensive areas such as the back. Several
gallons of water must be kept heated and when a large surface is
to be fomented such as the belly or chest a large common, or cooly,
blanket furnished with six ropes, one attached to each corner and
one at the centre of each short side, long enough to meet and be
secured over the back, is the best method.
Fomentations may be applied in two ways, either (a) by first
soaking the blanket in water so hot that the hand just bears it,
wringing it out thoroughly and applying to the part at once and
tying it over the back, a second dry blanket or tarpaulin being
placed so as to envelop it and thus retain the heat; or (b) as
Hawkes recommends, by first securing the cumbly or blanket dry,
with a layer of straw placed between it and the body. Hot water
that the hand will just bear is poured continuously from both sides.
A large quantity of water is requisite. Other parts such as limbs,
may be similarly enveloped with pieces of blanket of suitable
size. The success of all fomentations depends on the degree and
retention of heat: if the water be too hot, the skin may be scalded,
and if not hot enough it is useless in allaying pain. In order to
maintain heat the blanket should be changed at least every ten
minutes until the pain is allayed. Every preparation should be
ready, so that the blanket may be clapped on immediately it is wrung
out, and to do this satisfactorily it is desirable to have at least two
blankets in use. The relief of pain locally may be supplemented
by sprinkling over the first blanket two or three tablespoonfuls of
turpentine; this may be repeated once or twice during the day.
When the last fomentation is withdrawn it is necessary to guard
against chill by covering the fomented area with a dry blanket for
some hours, or by rubbing the part till thoroughly dry, after which
some mild liniment may be applied. At times pain is so severe or
deeply seated, or the patient so troublesome to deal with, that local
efforts are of little avail and recourse must be had to internal
remedies.
Injections are medicines thrown by means of a syringe into
cavities such as abscesses or sinuses to promote healing or for
purposes of cleanliness.
(98)
(99)
(100)
Tincture of iodine
Water
Nitrate of silver
Water
Chloride of zinc
Water
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1 to 2 drachms.
1 pint.
2 to 3 grains.
1 ounce.
2 grains.
1 ounce.