NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
182
Contagious Pleuro-Pneumonia of Goats
TABLE XLII
Control.—Immunity test after one inoculation of pneumonic lung emulsion(29 days p. ins.)
Group
E
Goat No.
451
452
440
441
420
Date
11 July
1939
„
„
„
„
Inoculum
P. L. E. in Tyrode's
(1 : 1) ex goats, 381,
383 and 384, 5 c.c.
„
„
„
„
Seat
S/C Tail
„
S/C Ear
S/C Leg
S/C Shoulder
Test
Date
9 August
1939
„
„
„
„
Material
P. L. E. in Tyrode's
(1:1) ex goats, 298,
484, 499, 522, 534
and 548. 15 c.c. I
Nasal
„
„
„
„
Result
(Lungs)
—
—
—
—
—
Remarks
Destroyed on
30
August 1939
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Survival
days p. ins
21
21
21
21
21
TABLE XLIII
Control.—Immunity test after one inoculation of pneumonic lung emulsion—2 test insufflations (15 days p. ins.)
Group
G
Goat
No.
506
507
508
509
510
Date
25 July
1939
„
„
„
„
Inoculation
Route and
dose
S/C
Shoulder
5 c.c.
„
„ „
„
Inoculum
P. L. E. in Ty-
rode's (1: 1) ex
goats 311, 424
and 426
„
„
„
„
1st insufflation
Date
9 August
1939
„
„
„
„
Material
P. L. E. in Ty-
rodes' (1:1) ex
goats 298, 484,
499, 522, 534
and 548. 15 c.c.
I/Nasal
„
„
„
„
2nd test insufflation
Date
12 August
1939
„
„
„
„
material
P. L. E. in Ty-
rode's (1:1) ex
goats 505, 529,
and 531. 15 c.c.
I/Nasal
„
„
„
„
Result
(Lungs)
—
—
—
—
—
Remarks
Destroyed on
4 Septem-
1939
Do
Do
Do
Do.
Survival
days
p. ins.
26
26
26
26
26
E.
O.
LONGLEY
183
TABLE XLIV
Healthy controls to 1st test insufflation
Group
H
Goat
No.
571
572
573
574
575
576
Date
9 August
1939
„
„
„
„
„
Route and
dose
15 c.c.
I/Nasal
„
„
„
„
„
Material
P. L. E. in Tyrode's
(1:1) ex goats
299, 484, 499, 522,
534 and 548
„
„
„
„
„
Result
(Lungs)
—
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
—
+ + + +
Remarks
Destroyed on 30
August 1939
Destroyed on 23
August 1939
Destroyed
on 22
August 1939
Died 24 August 1939
Destroyed
on 28
August 1939
Died on 21 August
1939
Survival
days p. ins.
21
14
13
15
19
12
TABLE XLV
Healthy controls to 2nd test insufflation
Group
I
Goat
No.
577
578
579
580
581
Date
12 August
1939
„
„
„
„
Route and
dose
15 c.c.
I/Nasal
„
„
„
„
Material
P. L. E. in Tyrode's
(1:1) ex
goats
505, 529 and 531
„
„
„
„
Result
(Lungs)
+ + +
—
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
Remarks
Destroyed on 4 Sep-
tember 1939
Do.
Destroyed
on 26
August 1939
Died on 28 August
1939
Died on 25 August
1939
Survival
days p. ins.
23
23
14
16
13
At the second test, it will be seen that of the total of 26 vaccinated goats
tested, only two showed pneumonia. In one, No. 439 of Group B 2 (ear and
shoulder inoculations, 1st test insufflation) which was slaughtered on the 30th
of August 1939, 21 days p. ins., patches of consolidation in both diaphragmatic
lobes, and a small patch on the cardiac lobe of the left side, and slight pleuritis
were found. The other, No. 447, of Group C 2 (metacarpal and shoulder in-
oculations ; two test insufflations) died on the 31st of August 1939, 22 days
p. i., with hepatisation of the right apical lobe and early oedematous lesions of
both cardiac lobes, with pleuritis. In neither case were the lesions extensive.
Of the six controls to the 1st test insufflation, four were positive, after
natural death in two cases, at the 12th and 15th days p. ins., in the other
two at slaughter for material at the 13th and 14th days p. ins. All lesions
were typical and extensive.
184
Contagious Pleuro-Pneumonia of Goats
Of the five controls to the 2nd test insufflation, four proved positive at
autopsy, with natural deaths in two cases at 13 and 16 days p. ins. ; in the others
at slaughter on the 14th and 23rd days p. ins. In all but the last mentioned
the lesions were typical and extensive. In this, however, the lesions were
confined to the cardiac lobe of the right lung, and evidenced retrogression with
fibrosis.
Experiment 33.—Active immunisation by the inoculation of virulent pneumonic
lung emulsion subcutaneously in the ear (2nd trial).
In the preceding experiment, the relative avirulence of the inoculum per-
mitted no satisfactory conclusion as to the safety or otherwise of inoculations
at the various sites. In that experiment, the inoculations in the ear had proved
so convenient that it was decided to attempt a second small experiment to
determine the above point, on the same lines, and employing this site. The
donor was goat No. 387 of Experiment 20 slaughtered at the 14th day p. ins.,
with a pneumonia involving the cardiac and apical lobes of both lungs with
early highly oedematous lesions which proved a very virulent inoculum.
Procedure.—Pneumonic lung emulsion (1:1 Tyrode's) was prepared as
usual and inoculated immediately to five healthy goats in 5 c.c. doses sub-
cutaneously in the ear in four, and in one, No. 487, in the tail. This was
necessitated by the fact that the goat's ears had been cropped.
As controls, the five in-contact goats of the second contact experiment
(Experiment 17), were utilized, and received 5 c.c. of the emulsion subcuta-
neously in the shoulder as already detailed.
Results.—The ear and tail reactions in the experimental group did
not differ essentially from those in the preceding experiment, though slightly
more severe. There was well defined swelling, thickening and some tenderness
at 24 hours, which slowly subsided over the ensuing week. Control inoculation
of the same emulsion, heated, into the opposite ear in two of the goats caused
a transient inflammation which had receded completely by the 3rd day, and
was clearly different in degree, and kind, from the reactions with the infective
material.
In the controls, severe progressive fatal reactions ensued in all the five
goats, as shown in Table XLVI and already recorded in Experiment 17.
TABLE XLVI
Goat
No.
268
269
270
271
272
Date
13 July
1939
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Inoculum
P. L. E. in Tyrode's (1 : 1) ex
goats 387. S/C 5 c.c.
„
„
„
„
Result
(Local
lesions)
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
Remarks
Died on 18 July 1939
Died on 20 July 1939
Died on 18 July 1939
Died on 18 July 1939
Died on 18 July 1939.
Survival
days p. ins.
5
7
5
5
5
E.
O.
LONGLEY
185
Immunity test.—This was effected concurrently with Groups A 2 —D 2
of the preceding experiment (2 test insufflations.) The results are tabulated
below.
TABLE XLVII
Goat
No.
487
488
489
490
491
Immunisation
Date
13 July
1939
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Material
P. L. E. in
Tyrode's
(1:1) ex-
goat 387.
S/C Tail 5
c.c.
Do.
S/C
Ear
5 c.c.
Do.
Do.
1st test insufflation
Date
9 Aug.
1939
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Material
P. L. E. in
Tyrode's
(1 : 1) ex-
goats 298,
484, 499,
522, 534
and 548.
I/Nasal 15
c.c.
„
„
„
„
2nd test insufflation
Date
12 Aug.
1939
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Material
P. L. E. in
Tyroed's (1:
1) ex-goats
505, 529 and
531.
I/Nasal 15 c.c.
„
„
„
„
Result
(Lungs)
—
—
—
—
—
Remarks
Destroyed
4
Sept.
1939
Do.
Do.
Do.
Died
19
July 1939.
Sur-
vival
days
p. ins.
26
26
26
26
26
All four survivors were ree from any pulmonary lesions at autopsy when
slaughtered 26 days p. ins., while as described in the preceding experiment
(Tables XLIV and XLV) eight of the total eleven controls were positive.
Experiment 34.—Active immunisation by the inoculation of virulent pneumonic
lung emulsion subcutaneously in the ear (3rd trial).
The preceding experiment had clearly established that material highly
virulent, and 100 per cent lethal when inoculated subcutaneously on the
trunk, could be inoculated with complete safety subcutaneously into the
ear. In view of the fact that fresh untreated material must be regarded
as the antigen par excellence, and that a safe and convenient route of ad-
ministration had thus been determined, it was felt that a third confirmatory
experiment on the same lines should be arranged forthwith, though the results
of the two preceding similar experiments were still pending.
The inoculum was the pneumonic lung emulsion used for the ' reinforcing'
inoculation in Groups A 2 —D 2 on the 25th of July 1939, in Experiment 27.
The local reactions in the ear were similar to those described previously.
Immunity test.—For fear of failure of test material, it was decided to
split the group into two, as with Groups A 2 —D 2 , one half to receive one
test insufflation, the other, two test insufflations. The tests were arranged
to coincide with the corresponding tests on Groups A 2 —D 2 , with the same
controls. The results are shown in Table XLVIII.
186
Contagious Pleuro-Pneumonia of Goats
TABLE XLVIII
Goat
No.
516
517
518
519
520
511
512
518
514
516
Immunisation active
Date
25 July
1939
} Do.
Route
and
dose
S/C Ear
5c.c.
Do.
Inoculum
P. L. E. in
Tyrode's (1:1)
ex-goats 311,
424 and 426.
Do.
1st test insufflation
Date
9
Aug.
1939
Do.
Material
P. L E. in Tyrode's
(1 : 1) ex-goats 298,
484, 499, 522, 534
and 548.
I/Nasal 15 c.c.
Do.
2nd test insufflation
Date
12 Aug.
1939
Do.
Material
P. L. E in Tyrode's
(1 : 1) ex-goats 505,
529 and 531.
I/Nasal 15 c.c.
Do.
Result
(Lungs)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Remarks
Destroyed on 30 Aug.
1939
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Destroyed on 4 Sept.
1939.
Died 25 Aug. 1939
(Metritis)
Destroyed 4
Sept.
1939
Do.
Do.
Survival
days p. ins.
21
21
21
21
21
26
16
26
26
26
E.
O.
LONGLEY
187
It will be seen that all vaccinated goats were negative at autopsy on the
21st and 26th days p. ins., respectively. As already described, eight of the
total of eleven controls were positive.
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
The results in these three experiments are condensed in the table below :—
TABLE XLIX
Expt.
32
32
34
33
32
32
Group
A—D
G
...
...
E
A—D
Immunised with
1 inoculation
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
2 inoculations
Tested at
14 days p. i. .
15
„
.
15
„
.
27
„
.
29
„
.
29 days p. ins. (14+
15)
Total.
Results
Experimental
+
1
...
...
...
...
2
3
—
15
5
10
4
5
14
53
56
Control
+
5
8
13
—
5
3
8
21
These results are sufficiently clear cut to require no statistical assessment.
In Experiments 33 and 34, 100 per cent protection was afforded against
normally virulent material, which, as stated earlier, infects 75 per cent of
unprotected goats. Of the total of 42 goats vaccinated in Experiment 32,
only three developed the pneumonia. This gives a joint morbidity of three
in the total of 56 goats vaccinated, or 5.4 per cent.
Of the total of 21 controls, 13 developed the pneumonia. The slightly
lower control morbidity here (62 per cent) is due to the 50 per cent result in
the 1st control group, a figure readily attributable to chance. In the other
control group the morbidity (8 out of 11, or 73 per cent) is average.
Full immunity is established 14 days after inoculation, and there is no
indication that two inoculations afford a greater immunity than a single one,
nor that—lethal emulsions are less effective than virulent preparations.
The ear is established as a safe, convenient, and effective site for the
immunising inoculation, a further practical value of this site being that should
accidental abscess formation occur from a contaminated inoculum, no damage
is done to the hide.
It is probable that a smaller dose of vaccine than that employed in the
experiments (5 c.c. of 1 : 1 pneumonic lung emulsion) would afford satis-
factory protection, but it has not been possible to examine this point, nor the
question of the duration of immunity, a matter of the greatest practical
importance.
I
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1906-1907.
SIMLA:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRINTING OFFICE.
1907.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1906-1907.
CONTENTS.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Officers in charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspector-General's four . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART A.—PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION.
I.—VETERINARY INSTRUCTION—
Veterinary Colleges and Schools
.......
II.—TREATMENT OF DISEASE—
Contagious disease amongst solipeds, outbreaks, mortality, etc. .
Contagious disease in bovines, outbreaks, preventive inoculation, mor-
tality, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries
......
III.—BREEDING OPERATIONS—
Bovines—
Stud bulls and their produce . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bull-rearing and breeding Farms and Depôts
.....
Sheep breeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equines (under Local Bodies)—
Horse, pony and donkey stallions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fairs and Shows
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
IV.—SUBORDINATE ESTABLISHMENT—
Numbers, supervision and work performed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART B.—IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATION.
Bacteriological Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government Cattle Farm, Hissar . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PART C.—GENERAL.
Expenditure of the Department
.......
General remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PAGES.
1
ib.
2
3
4
5
8
ib.
ib.
9
ib.
ib.
10
ib.
ib.
13
15
ib.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT
OF THE
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT IN INDIA
FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR
1906-1907.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
Preface.
The districts under the control of the Civil Veterinary Department are
shown in light red on the Map which forms an enclosure to this report, and are
the same as last year. With the exception of a few minor alterations, the
Tables accompanying the report also remain unchanged.
2. Colonel J. W. A. Morgan was in charge of the Office of Inspector
General, Civil Veterinary Department during the whole year, except for four
months, when Major H. T. Pease officiated for him.
Officers in
charge.
3. The Table given below gives the names of the officers who held the
several appointments in the Department during the year under report:—
Appointments.
Inspector General ...
Imperial Bacteriologist ...
Assistant Bacteriologist
...
2nd Assistant Bacteriologist ...
Superintendent,
Government
Cattle Farm, Hissar.
Superintendent, United Provin¬
ces.
2nd Superintendent, United
Provinces.
Chief Superintendent, Punjab...
Superintendent,
North-West
Frontier Province and North
Punjab.
Superintendent, South Punjab
Superintendent, Sind, Baluchis-
tan and Rajputana.
Principal, Punjab Veterinary
College.
Professor, Punjab Veterinary
College.
1st April 1906.
Colonel J. W. A. Morgan ...
Dr. A. Lingard
...
G. D. Martin, Esq. ...
......
Captain J. Farmer
...
Major H. M. Maxwell
...
E. W. Oliver, Fsq. ...
Captain G. K. Walter ...
V. de V. H. Woodley, Esq....
...
K. Hewlett, Esq. ...
Major H.T. Pease ...
Captain A.
Smith
...
31st March 1907.
Colonel J. W. A. Morgan ...
Dr. A. Lingard
...
G. D. Martin, Esq. ...
H. E. Cross, Esq.
...
Captain J. Farmer
...
Major H. M. Maxwell
...
E. W. Oliver, Esq. ...
Captain G. K. Walker ...
V. de V. H. Woodley, Esq.
......
......
Captain A. Smith
...
......
REMARKS.
Major Pease officiated
5th July to 2nd No.
vember 1906.
Joined 16th August
1906.
Mr. Oliver from 25th
May to 25th Novem-
ber 1906.
Designations altered
from 12th Novem-
ber 1906.
Mr. Hewlett held charge
in addition to his
duties as Superinten-
dent, Bombay.
Officiated from 5th
July to 9th Novem-
ber 1906 and from
5th March 1907 to
end of year in addi-
tion to his own duties.
2
Appointments.
Professor, Sanitary Science,
Punjab Veterinary College.
Principal, Bombay Veterinary
College.
Assistant Principal, Bombay
Veterinary College.
Superintendent, Bombay ...
Principal, Bengal Veterinary
College.
Superintendent, Bengal
...
Superintendent, Eastern Bengal
and Assam.
Superintendent, Madras
...
On special duty in Madras ...
Superintendent, Burma
...
2nd Superintendent, Burma ...
3rd Superintendent, Burma ...
Superintendent, Central Provin-
ces.
Veterinary Officer investigating
Camel diseases.
1st April 1906.
Captain F. S. H. Baldrey ...
M. H. Sowerby, Esq. ...
W. A. Broad, Esq. ...
K. Hewlett, Esq. ...
Captain A. S. Trydell ...
D. Quinlan, Esq.
...
......
Major W. D. Gunn ...
......
Major G. H. Evans ...
T. Rennie, Esq. ...
......
J. S. Jethiji, Esq. ...
R. E. Montgomery, Esq. ...
31st March 1907.
S. H. Gaiger, Esq. ...
Major F. Joslen
...
M. H. Sowerby, Esq.
...
K. Hewlett, Esq. ...
Lieut.-Colonel F. Raymond
D. Quiulan, Esq. ...
......
Major W. D. Gunn ...
Captain J. D. E. Holmes ...
Major G. H. Evans ...
T. Rennie, Esq. ...
......
J. S. Jethiji, Esq. ...
......
REMARKS.
Joined 1st April 1906.
Prof.,
Sanitary
Science, from 9th
October 1906.
From 3rd June 1906.
Mr. Broad died 18th
September 1906.
Also
Superintendent
Sind, Baluchistan and
Rajputana in addition.
Captain Trydell 1st—
25th April 1906. Mr.
Quinlan 26th April to
17th
May
1906.
Lieatenant-Colonel
Raymond from 18th
May 1906.
Resigned 4th March
1907.
4. From the above Table it will be observed that during the year under
report, 2 officers joined the Department and were posted as follows (1) 2nd
Assistant Bacteriologist and (2) Professor of Sanitary Science, Punjab Veteri-
nary College.
5. During the year, Mr Montgomery resigned service in the Civil Veteri-
nary Department; Captain J. D. E. Holmes returned to India after completing
a course of training in Bacteriology; and Captain F. S. H. Baldrey was
deputed to England to undergo a similar course of training. It is with great
regret that the death of Mr. W. A. Broad, a promising young officer, which
took place on 18th September 1906, has also to be reported. At the close of the
year, the following officers were on leave in England:—
Lieutenant-Colonel J. Brodie-Mills.
Major H. T. Pease, C.I.E.
Major A. S. Trydell and
Captain W. O. Dawson.
It will be observed from the above table that during the year only 10
officers were employed in actual district work.
Inspector
General's tour.
6. Colonel Morgan attended the Rawalpindi and Amritsar Horse Fairs;
inspected the Bacteriological Depôt at Bareilly; (proceeded on leave to Eng-
land from 5th July to 2nd November 1906); attended Arab Purchasing Com-
mittee at Bombay ; inspected the Madras Veterinary College, and the Govern-
ment Cattle Farm at Hissar; inspected site at Kodaikanal for proposed Bac-
teriological Laboratory in Southern India; attended the Board of Scientific Ad-
vice at Calcutta, and then proceeded to Burma on a tour of inspection. Was
President of the Valuation Committee at the Hissar Cattle Farm and attended
11
increased number of animals kept, has been a difficulty but is being arranged
for. The Forest reserve has been carefully managed.
84. Serum preparation.—There is again a marked increase in the quantity
of anti-rinderpest serum of which 467,993 doses were prepared against 211,407
doses last year. The demand for Anthrax serum has considerably decreased,
15,280 doses were therefore prepared which was more than sufficient to meet
the demand. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia serum on the other hand has been
required in greater quantity, so that 88,875 doses were made against 15,470 in
the previous year. Last year, 3,407 doses of Mallein were prepared whilst
this year's outturn was 11,276 doses. An antitoxin for the prevention of
Tetanus has been prepared for the first time this year, 7,540 doses being made.
In addition to this, 17,869 doses of protective vaccines and serum for Charbon
Symptomatique (Black Leg) have been prepared.
85. Rinderpest.—The amount of this serum issued to Superintendents of
the Civil Veterinary Department, is more than double that required last year.
The following table gives the figures and results of the use of this serum in the
field, the figures being supplied by the various Superintendents and others
using it. From this it will be seen that the results have been excellent. The
figures relating to the number of deaths of animals which died of the disease
after inoculation are only approximate, being furnished in most cases by out-
side officials. The mortality after inoculation, however, is small and the good
results obtained under present conditions are undoubted according to the reports
received. No better proof of this can be advanced than the fact that the
method is yearly becoming more popular :—
Province.
Punjab and North-West Frontier Province ...
Bengal
...
...
...
...
United Provinces
...
..
Central Provinces
...
...
Madras
...
...
...
...
Bombay
...
...
...
...
Eastern Bengal and Assam
...
...
Burma
...
...
...
...
Sind, Baluchistan and Rajputana
...
Total ... ...
Last year
...
...
Difference
...
...
Number of
outbreaks.
329
103
190
141
288
79
142
36
5
1.313
910
+ 403
Number of
animals inoculs¬
ted.
93,489
10,367
11,669
7,816
11,043
31,415
27,220
3,617
507
197,143
124,015
+73,128
Number died
after inocula-
tion.
47
57
2
26
40
651
67
16
3
903
383
+ 520
Percentage of
mortality.
.05
.55
.01
.33
.36
2.07
.24
.32
.59
.45
.20
+.15
86. Anthrax.—It has been already shown that the demand for Anthrax
serum has considerably decreased. This disease is difficult to diagnose at present,
the staff of Veterinary Surgeons available for the purpose being so extremely
small and reports of outbreaks being received so late. It appears probable
that in former years Hæmorrahagic Septicæmia may have been treated as
Anthrax. Far more care is now exercised in diagnosis and hence the decrease
in the demand for Anthrax serum, The following table gives the results
abstracted from the tables supplied by the various Superintendents who used
12
the serum during the year. The mortality after inoculation is only approxi-
mate for the reason previously mentioned:—
Province.
Bengal
...
...
...
...
United Provinces
...
...
...
Madras
...
...
... ...
Eastern Bengal and Assam ... ...
Total... ...
Last year ... ...
Difference
... ...
Number of
outbreaks.
3
24
105
5
137
248
—111
Number of
cattle inocula-
ted.
51
2,207
8,856
1,490
12,604
25,910
—13,306
Number died after inocula-
tion.
...
...
1
3
4
68
—64
Per cent.
...
...
.01
.20
.03
.26
—23
87. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—This serious disease is very prevalent
at certain seasons of the year and causes serious losses. As will be seen from the
following table, the disease is so far shown to be most prevalent in the Punjab.
Efforts are being made to protect animals at the critical periods in villages
where the malady is most prevalent. The following are the figures showing
results so far as is known, extracted from the reports of the various Superinten-
dents. The same remarks apply to them as to other sera:—
Province.
Punjab and North-West Frontier ... ...
United Provinces ... ... ...
Madras
...
...
...
...
Eastern Bengal and Assam
... ...
Total ... ...
Last year
...
...
Difference
...
...
Number of
outbreaks.
97
52
37
1
187
123
+ 64
Number of
animals inocula-
ted.
30,897
4,158
679
376
36,105
13,451
+ 22,654
Number died after inoculated.
17
...
...
...
17
14
+ 3
Per cent.
.05
...
...
...
.04
.10
—.06
88. Charbon Symptomatique.—Two kinds of vaccine and a serum have been
prepared for the protection of animals against this disease. Nine hundred and
thirty doses of the ordinary 1st and 2nd vaccines were issued to Superintendents
for trial during the year but, so far, no reports have been received as to the results
obtained from their use. It is not so convenient as the single vaccine obtainable
and known as Blacklegoids which has been used in 4,911 cases with apparently
good results. The double vaccine is not very suitable for India owing to the
time required to carry out protection with it.
89. Tuberculine.—Only 40 doses of this material have been asked for
during the year.