NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
6
With reference to the Chief Commissioner's letter No. 6445-344 of the
3rd November 1888, regarding the adjustment of the value of Europe medicines,
the Superintendents have been requested to send separate indents in future.
The cost under this head will be given correctly in future annual returns.
The following table is appended as usual showing mean cost of each patient.
in the Asylums of different Provinces :—
TABLE III A.
Mean of
years.
4
4
3
2
5
5
1
Provinces.
Bengal
...
Bombay ...
Tezpur ...
Rangoon ...
Punjab ...
Central Provinces ...
Do.
Mean cost per head.
Superin-
tendent.
Rs.
19
29
27
14
12
21
21
a.
11
1
4
4
12
11
15
p.
2
0
6
1
0
11
7
Esta-
blish-
ment.
Rs.
21
38
30
31
33
15
16
a.
3
2
9
10
0
7
12
p.
10
11
1
5
6
0
8
Diet.
Rs.
33
81
39
41
37
25
26
a.
15
7
9
14
8
8
10
p.
4
10
10
11
10
9
7
Cloth-
ing.
Rs.
2
8
6
2
6
2
1
a.
13
9
9
5
9
5
12
p.
6
9
4
1
10
4
11
Building
and
repairs.
Rs.
1
3
0
a.
13
3
0
p.
4
10
1
...
...
0
0
8
15
10
3
Bazaar
medi-
cines.
Rs. a. p.
...
0
1
0
0
2
0
6
3
10
0
1
2
...
...
Contin-
gent
proper.
Rs.
4
9
2
4
6
8
3
a.
3
9
0
1
15
3
14
p.
0
2
1
3
5
0
5
English
medi-
cines.
Rs.
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
a.
6
0
9
14
14
8
6
p.
6
8
7
2
3
7
5
Total.
Rs.
84
172
107
97
97
69
72
a.
12
6
10
8
0
5
7
p.
8
0
5
0
0
5
10
The total net profits were at Nagpur Rs. 216-11-7 more and at Jubbulpore
Rs. 72-0-9 less than in 1887; and the net profit per head was at Nagpur
Rs. 2-1-6 more and at Jubbulpore Rs. 2-14.9 less than in 1887.
The cost per patient is as under:—
Nagpur
...
Jubbulpore ...
Rs.
79
66
a.
2
4
p.
0
6
or after deducting the amount received from paying patients and that of net
profits—
Nagpur
...
Jubbulpore ...
Rs.
72
52
a.
4
12
p.
9
10
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
G. C. CHESNAYE,
Deputy Surgeon-General,
Central Provinces.
7
Report on the Nagpur Lunatic Asylum for 1888.
ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS.
A zenana-compound-wall with a cook house for the Deputy Superintendent,
quarters for keepers and a latrine for lunatics were built during the year.
STATEMENT I.
2. The number of admissions exceeded the average for the ten years
1877—87 by two, and was less than that for the latter year by seven. Re-admis-
sions were also less than those for the previous year by five : one was merely a
transfer from the criminal to the non-criminal side ; one was re-admitted as a
criminal having committed again some petty thefts ; and the third, a woman,
had been twice previously in the Asylum—on the first occasion as a criminal
for six months in 1879, and again in 1882 for eight months as a non-criminal.
3. Nineteen left the Asylum under these conditions, or eighteen less than
during the previous year; nine were cured or twelve less than in 1887; of these
5 suffered from acute mania and recovered after intervals varying from five to
three months : 3 suffered from acute dementia, of these one was in the asylum
for two and half years, one for just eight months, and one for just six ; whilst
one was a mild case of chronic dementia and was discharged after residence of
just two months.
4. Five are shown as improved; 2 of these suffered from acute mania, and
were made over to friends after one year's residence each ; a case of chronic
mania was similarly disposed of much improved after three years' residence, and
one case each of acute and chronic dementia were also made over to friends
after four years' and one year's residence respectively.
5. Of five discharged otherwise, one was transferred to the jail, one was
transferred to the non-criminal list, one was sent for trial, one a leper and
not insane was made over to friends, and one escaped.
In paragraph 12 of the report for 1887,I wrote thus:—" The remaining sick at
" the close of the year stood at 14 against 22 in the previous year, whilst
" the character of the sickness was much lighter : thus the opening of the year
" 1888 was brighter than that of the year under report," and so it has turned
out. Twelve died or less than half the mortality of the previous year : of these
one died in each of the following months, February, March, April and June, two
in July and six in December. Paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 of my report for 1887
give the circumstances which gave rise to the heavy mortality of that year, the
immediate causes being anœmia and general debility 10, fevers 7, bowel diseases,
3, dropsy, paralysis, acute mania, asthma and phthisis. During the
year under report 9 died from general debility, three of these compli-
cated with a little fever, one from epilepsy, one from acute mania and
one from leprosy ; the year, with the exception of the last six weeks, being
a mild and healthy one the admissions to hospital numbered 57 only as against
124 of the previous year. Of the six who had succumbed by the close of July,
8
three were cases of debility remaining from the previous year, one died worn out
from leprosy, one from acute mania after twenty-four days' residence only, and one
died in an epileptic fit after having been fed by enœmas entirely for just three
months. No deaths occurred between the 29th of July and the 7th of Decem-
ber owing, I think, to the mildness of the autumn ; cold weather set in suddenly
about the middle of November, and those who were in a weak and debilitated
condition ran down rapidly, six dying between the 7th and 23rd of December
notwithstanding all the care bestowed upon them ; they had fires to sit at, they
got blanket-coats for the first time instead of cotton, they got hot chappatties and
coffee in the mornings, but to no purpose, the cold seemed to be too much for
them, they got a little fever and succumbed. I may add that milder weather hav-
ing set in about Xmas and having continued since then up to date there have been
no further deaths, nor is there any immediate prospect of any.
STATEMENT II.—CRIMINAL LUNATICS.
6. Eleven were admitted, or three in excess of those for 1887, and two
were re-admitted as stated in the latter part of paragraph 2, eight were trans-
ferred to the Central Jail for trial or made over to friends by order of the Local
Government, their offences being of minor importance.
STATEMENTS III, IV & V.
7. These statements call for no comment.
STATEMENT VI & VII.
8. The admissions from acute mania (8) were nearly two-thirds less than
those in 1887 ; admissions from chronic mania were in excess by 3, whilst
dementia numbered 14 as against 16 in 1887. Three admissions were in
reality sane; one sent from the Central Jail, a clever schemer, who after a month's
residence effected his escape ; one a feeble leper sent in from Bhandara, and one
confined on account of some petty theft.
9. The orders of the Government of India relating to the alleged causes of
9
insanity—Home Department (Medical) No. 9/700-10. dated Simla, the 31st October
1888, having been received on the 28th November 1888, it is not possible to bring
the form into use for 1888 without causing great delay in the submission of the
statement ; it will, however, apply to all admissions for 1889.
STATEMENT VIII.
10. This statement has been already disposed of in the remarks under
Statement I: It will perhaps be sufficient to add that the main cause of mortality
was general debility, the subjects of which were unable to stand the cold at the
close of the year ; I may add here that half the barred doorways of wards were
blocked with bricks and mud subsequently in accordance with the views of
Dr. Lethbridge, Inspector-General of Jails, Bengal.
STATEMENT X.
11. Receipts from the treasury were in excess of those for the previous
year owing to (a) twelve months' pay having been drawn within the year instead
of eleven as in 1887 ; (b) to purchase of an entire stock of brass cooking vessels
9
and to the construction of a cattle shed ; and (c) heavier charges by the Public
Works Department. The items are thus made up:—
Garden and Farm produce ...
Europe medicines
...
...
Miscellaneous ... ...
Department Public Works charges ...
Total
...
Rs.
662
92
20
4,746
5,522
a.
9
0
7
14
0
p.
10
0
11
5
2
12. The jowari crop of 1887 sold in 1888 was almost a complete failure,
and so the value of farm produce was diminished.
13. Clothing was purchased at more favorable rates than the jails could
supply it : Europe medicine is charged at its actual value, the system hitherto
in force not being approved of. Public Works Department charges were heavy.
14. The following table shows the average cost per lunatic under various
heads during the past five years:—
Establishment ...
Diet
...
Clothing
...
Contingencies ...
Medicines
...
Cost per lunatic
...
1884.
Rs.
18
26
2
7
0
55
a.
5
5
15
10
3
7
p.
4
0
11
6
0
9
1885.
Rs.
16
24
2
5
0
48
a.
0
8
10
5
5
14
p.
7
11
3
2
11
10
1886.
Rs.
16
26
3
6
1
53
a.
8
13
1
0
1
10
p.
7
8
4
11
9
3
1887.
Rs.
16
26
4
4
2
56
a.
15
15
5
14
13
0
p.
8
10
0
1
5
0
1888.
Rs.
19
25
1
7
0
55
a.
12
14
5
11
11
7
p.
6
11
5
9
2
9
STATEMENT XI.
15. Profits were higher in 1888 than the preceding five years; farm pro-
fits were good notwithstanding the loss of some crops : the net profits stand at
Rs. 727-11-5.
J. F. BARTER,
Brigade Surgeon,
The 31st January 1889.
Supdt., Nagpur Lunatic Asylum.
10
Annual Report on the Lunatic Asylum, Jubbulpore, for the year 1888-
Additions and alterations.
The usual annual repairs were done by the Public Works Department. For
some reason, which I am unable to give, some of the Asylum buildings are ex-
cluded from the charge of the Executive Engineer, e. g. the barrack outside the
railed enclosure known as the" Hospital," the Deputy Superintendent's quarters.
and the latrines both within and without the enclosure. In March last, the
hospital barrack required re-roofing, and some correspondence took place between
the Executive Engineer and the Asylum authorities, regarding it, the former
stating that the building was not on his books, but as the work was urgent, and
the Superintendent of the Asylum had no means for carrying out such works
the Commissioner of the Division intervened, and ordered the work to be done
at once. A new roof with large Jubbulpore tiling was put on. The official
visitors in their last meeting recorded their opinion that arrangements should
be made for bringing all buildings of every kind pertaining to the Asylum on
the books of the Department Public Works.
STATEMENT I.
There was an increase in the strength of the Asylum last year, the daily
average strength was greater than in any of the past ten years, but there was no
overcrowding.
The number remaining on the 31st January was 132 (101 males, 31 females).
The average remaining for the past ten years was 130.4, so there was very
little variation. There were 25 admissions (22 males, 3 females) making a
total of 157 (123 males, 34 females) ; of these, 6 (5 males, 1 female) were dis-
charged cured, and 7 (5 males, 2 females) died, leaving 144(113 males, 31
females) remaining at the end of the year. There were no re-admissions. Of
the 25 admissions, 7 (6 males, 1 female) were criminal lunatics. Of the 6
discharged cured, two were cases of chronic mania, one had been in the Asylum
for 5 years and 4 months, the other one year ; four were cases of acute mania ;
their residence in the Asylum varied from 5 months to 18 months.
The capacity of the Jubbulpore Asylum is at 54 superficial feet per patient
for 163 (125 males 38 females). The maximum number confined on any one night
was 148(116 males, 32 females) so there was no overcrowding on either side-
The daily average strength was 141.43 compared with 135.75 in the preceding
year, but this included 6 patients received from the Rewah State, and 3 from
Central India. One patient was also received from the Betul district, this was a
criminal lunatic, a female ; the order directing her transfer to Jubbulpore was
evidently a mistake, as the Betul district, as a rule, sends its lunatics to the
Nagpur Asylum.
It has not been found necessary to make any alteration in the arrangement
formerly made by which the patients are divided into classes according to their
condition as dangerous, harmless, or dirty ; no distinction is made between criminal
and non-criminal. Many of the former are only criminal because they were
found committing some petty theft, and when taken up it was discovered they
were insane and did not know the nature of the act they had committed.
11
There were 7 deaths (5 males, 2 females)—two less than last year. The per-
centage of deaths to strength was 4.95 as compared with 5.40, the average of the
preceding ten years. These deaths included one suicide and two from old age.
One of the latter had been an inmate of this Asylum for nearly twenty-one
years.
STATEMENT II.
This statement deals with criminal lunatics, of whom there were 29 (23 males
6 females) when the year began; 7 new cases (6 males, 1 female) were admitted,
making a total treated of 36 (29 males, 7 females); of these 3 died (2 males, 1 fe-
male,) none were discharged ; of the admissions, 5 were for acute mania, one chro-
nic mania, and one chronic dementia. The cause of insanity is only known in
two of the cases of acute mania, one was due to ganja smoking, and the other
to epilepsy.
At the end of the year the number of criminal lunatics remaining was 33
(27 males, 6 females). The average for the preceding ten years was 26.
STATEMENT III.
OF the 25 admitted, 21 were Hindus, 3 Mohamedans, and one unknown; 7
came from the Jubbulpore district, 6 from Rewah, 2 from Narsinghpur, 2 from
Nimar, and one each from the Central Jails, Seoni, Sehore and Neemuch.
There is nothing more calling for remark.
STATEMENTS IV & V.
Do not call for remark.
STATEMENT VI.
The following changes were made in the classification of the cases remaining
from the previous year :—two cases of acute dementia were changed, one to chronic
mania and the other to chronic dementia; one chronic dementia to chronic mania
one from acute to chronic mania, and one of chronic mania to chronic dementia.
Of the 25 total admissions, 18 were due to acute mania, one to chronic
mania, one melancholia, one acute dementia, one chronic dementia, and three
to idiotcy.
STATEMENT VII.
The cause of insanity is only known in 10 out of the 25 admissions. It is
nearly always difficult to assign a cause for the insanity, as in the majority of the
cases no reliable previous history is given by the police, and nothing is known
of the patient's antecedents.
Ganja smoking was the cause in four cases,—all acute mania, Epilepsy was
the cause in two other admissions for acute mania. Loss of money caused one
acute mania, and one melancholia. The loss of a child and religion each caused
an admission, both of acute mania.
STATEMENT VIII.
Refers to bodily sickness. There were 83 admissions to hospital and 7
deaths, as compared with 78 admissions and 9 deaths in the preceding year.
As usual, fever gave most admissions, viz., 19; then abscess and ulcer 11, bowel
complaints 7, bronchitis 6, debility and anæmia 6.
12
The daily average number of sick was 4.73 as compared with 3.65 in 1887,
the increase was caused by every case being admitted to hospital, even trifling
cases, such as gumboil and whitlow, were not omitted; even with these additions
the number of sick is remarkably small, particularly when we consider the large
number of old patients the Asylum contains. The freedom from bowel complaints
is very notable, there being only seven admissions to hospital and no deaths
under this head ; this compares very favourably with the returns of the neigh-
bouring jail.
Mortality.—There were only 7 deaths against 9 in the preceding year. Two
of the deaths were due to senile decay or old age. One of these cases had been
in the Asylum for 20 years and 10 ½ months, the other for 6¼ years: two died of
anæmia; 1 died of general debility ; 1 died of apoplexy, and one was a
suicide,—a criminal lunatic from Rewah named Surju, whilst being shaved,
snatched the razor which had been placed on the ground by the barber, and an
attempt being made to recover possession of the weapon, drew it across his ab-
domen, completely dividing the anterior wall for about 12 inches, and making
an incision some two inches long in the stomach itself. He was attended to at
once, but died on the following morning. To avoid a similar accident occurring
again, I have had a circular hole, large enough to admit a man's head, made in
the door of a room—the barber is locked up inside and the patients come in turn,
passing their head through the hole and are shaved, it being absolutely im-
possible for them to get at the razor. No difficulty has been experienced in
carrying out this plan.
As four out of the seven deaths were due to causes beyond our control, I do
not think the others call for any special notice, their residence in the Asylum
was about 2, 3, and 6½ years.
STATEMENT IX.
Is the Cash Account. The figures in this statement explain themselves
There is an increase in the cost of diet due to two causes, 1st to the increase in
the number of patients, the daily average strength being 141 against 135 in 1887;
2nd, to the market price of wheat and dall being higher.
STATEMENT X.
There was an increase of Rs. 145 in the cost of establishment ; this was due
to the promotion to a higher grade of two warders and an increase in the
strength of the establishment. The cost of establishment is still however
Rs. 504 below the sanctioned amount.
STATEMENT XI.
Deals with manufactures and is very much the same as last year, the net
profit was less by Rs. 72. Manufactured articles to the value of Rs. 947 were sup-
plied to the Asylum for asylum purposes against Rs. 775 for the year preceding.
This increase was due to a larger number of blankets and warm coats being sup-
plied than in former years.
The extra Table XII is annexed which shows the
total cost of maintaining the lunatics for the past seven years.
13
TABLE XII.
Establishment ... ...
Diet
...
...
Clothing
...
...
Contingencies ... ...
Medicines
...
...
Total ...
Per patient on daily average strength ...
Daily average strength of males and fe-
males both
...
1881.
Rs.
4,832
9,108
352
261
34
8,588
69
a.
2
15
0
12
1
15
8
p.
8
3
0
6
6
11
9
126.08
1882.
Rs.
4,763
3,053
307
235
10
8,370
64
a.
10
4
10
13
5
11
3
p.
7
2
0
1
3
1
2
131.39
1883.
Rs.
4,689
3,043
188
226
7
8,157
59
a.
11
15
15
11
15
5
7
p.
8
7
10
1
6
8
3
137.20
1884.
Rs.
4,744
2,826
219
197
8
7.996
59
a.
11
15
3
10
2
10
10
p.
0
2
0
2
7
5
10
133.86
1885.
Rs.
4,747
2,783
235
178
8
7,953
59
a.
13
9
0
9
4
5
10
p.
7
0
0
10
8
1
10
133.03
1886.
Rs.
4,711
3,449
230
250
8
8,649
64
a.
10
2
15
1
8
6
13
p.
6
7
0
7
10
8
6
133.39
1887.
Rs.
4,836
3,539
189
191
8
8,765
64
a.
8
14
1
6
12
10
9
p.
1
4
9
1
6
9
1
135.75
1888.
Rs.
4,981
3,867
316
198
11
9,374
66
a.
3
5
11
2
2
8
4
p.
3
2
9
6
0
8
6
141.43
Cost per head
for each item in
1887.
Rs.
35
26
1
1
0
a.
10
1
6
6
1
p.
1
2
3
6
1
......
......
......
Cost per head
for each item in
1888.
Rs.
35
27
2
1
0
a.
3
5
3
6
1
p.
6
6
10
5
3
......
......
......
14
The total cost per patient on daily average strength was Rs. 66-4-6 against
Rs. 64-9-1 in 1887 ; the increase was due to higher price of food stuffs, and a
more liberal allowance of warm clothing. This sum however does not show the
actual cost to Government, as profits on manufactures, and receipts for paying
patients, &c., must be deducted from the gross cost.
Cash paid to Treasury as profits on manufactures, ...
vide column 4, Statement XI.
Cash paid into Treasury for paying patients,
...
column 3, Statement No. IX.
Difference between amount drawn from the Treasury
(Rs. 499-12-1) for manufacturing purposes, and the
amount shown as the expenditure for diet and clothing
which were supplied from the manufacturing Depart-
ment, and amounting to Rs. 947-2-8, vide columns 12,15,
16, and 18, Statement IX, also column 5, Statement XI.
Total ...
Rs.
254
1,204
447
1,906
a. p.
9 10
10
6
10
10
1
9
This is equivalent to Rs. 13-8-5 per patient which, deducted from the
average cost given above, leaves the actual cost to Government as Rs. 52-12-1
per head per annum, this is lower than it has ever been before.
The usual monthly meetings were held, and the Asylum was regularly in-
spected by the official visitors : the Deputy Surgeon-General also inspected the
institution.
The Deputy Superintendent Mohun Lall, 1st grade Hospital Assistant,
continues to merit the praise bestowed upon him in former years for his kind-
ness to, and careful management of, the patients, as well as for the zeal and
intelligence with which he discharges all his duties.
JUBBULPORE :
The 1st February 1889.
B. FRANKLIN,
Surgeon-Major,
Supdt , Govt. Lunatic Asylum.
STATEMENT
Showing the admissions, discharges, &c., &c., of Lunatics in the Asylume
1
Years.
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
2
Districts.
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur
...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur
...
Jubbulpore
...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur
...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
3
Remained on
1st January.
Male.
102
112
99
92
93
91
86
89
87
88
84
106
90
99
125
102
132
103
123
105
103
101
Female.
27
33
25
30
29
34
27
36
23
36
25
36
27
24
28
31
33
31
28
29
27
31
Total.
129
145
124
122
122
125
113
125
110
124
109
142
117
133
153
133
165
134
151
134
130
132
4
Admitted.
Male.
23
19
13
14
11
7
13
22
7
24
10
18
50
10
35
13
26
12
26
10
23
22
Female.
4
4
7
8
5
4
1
6
6
4
6
3
4
2
11
2
3
2
7
5
3
3
Total.
27
23
20
22
16
11
14
28
13
28
16
21
54
12
46
15
29
14
33
15
26
25
5
Re-admitted.
Male.
2
...
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
4
4
3
2
1
...
...
...
5
...
2
...
Female.
1
...
...
1
1
...
...
...
1
1
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
...
1
...
Total.
3
...
1
3
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
3
2
1
...
...
...
8
...
3
...
6
Total population.
Male
127
131
113
108
106
100
190
112
95
114
98
128
143
111
161
115
158
115
154
115
128
123
Female.
32
37
33
39
35
38
28
42
30
41
31
40
31
36
39
33
36
33
33
34
31
34
Total.
159
168
145
157
141
138
128
154
125
155
129
168
174
147
200
148
194
148
192
149
159
157
7
Discharged.
A.
Cured.
Male.
10
19
9
7
8
...
6
10
5
2
3
15
3
5
10
5
11
4
19
7
9
5
Female.
3
6
1
1
5
...
1
...
3
2
2
5
2
3
2
1
...
...
2
1
...
1
Total.
13
25
10
8
13
...
7
10
8
4
5
20
5
8
12
6
11
4
21
8
9
6
B.
Transferred to friends.
Improved.
Male.
7
10
2
6
5
2
2
4
2
3
...
3
2
...
8
1
1
...
4
...
5
...
Female.
2
...
1
2
...
...
8
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
2
...
...
...
3
...
...
...
Total.
9
10
3
8
5
2
3
4
2
3
...
4
2
...
10
1
1
...
7
...
5
...
Not improved.
Male.
3
...
1
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
3
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Female.
1
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
Total.
4
...
1
...
...
...
2
1
1
...
...
3
1
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
C.
Otherwise.
Male.
1
2
1
1
1
4
...
5
1
1
3
2
7
2
2
1
7
...
8
...
4
...
The capacity of the Asylums is at 50 superficial feet per patient
...
...
The maximum number of lunatics confined on any one night
...
...
Female.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
Total.
1
2
1
1
1
4
...
6
1
2
3
2
7
2
3
1
7
...
9
...
5
...
D.
Total.
Male.
21
31
13
14
14
6
9
19
8
6
6
23
13
7
20
7
19
4
31
7
18
5
Female.
6
6
2
3
5
...
3
2
4
3
2
6
2
3
5
1
1
...
6
1
1
1
Total.
27
37
15
17
19
6
12
21
12
9
8
29
15
10
25
8
20
4
37
8
19
6
Nagpur ...
Jubbulpore ...
Nagpur
...
Jubbulpore ...