H. N. RAY AND J. A. IDNANI 261
varied from either negative or slight malaise to actual death. Besides B.
muris they also found Eperythrozoon coccoides in the erythrocytes of certain
rats.
Gomes and Pinto [1926] described B. rocha-limai from the blood of Hemi¬
derma bovicauda. Gomes and Cruz [1927] as quoted by Bayon [1928], pointed
out that what was described by Carini as Grahamella muris was identical with
B. muris and that the organisms were found in liver, lungs and sometimes
within the macrophages in the lungs.
Mello, Fernandes, Correia and Lobo [1928] found B. melloi in the ant-
eater (Manes pentadactyli).
Yakimoff [1927] described B. nicollei from a fish (Esox lucius).
Regendanz and Kikuth [1928] described B. opossum from the splenecto¬
mized opossum (Metanirus opossum).
Schilling [1929] came across another variety of Bartonella in the blood
of white mice which he called B. muris musculi var albinus.
Schwetz [1934] found B. muris ratti in the erythrocytes of guinea-pigs.
According to his observations, this parasite, very rarely produced any anaemia
or other clinical symptoms. Splenectomy had no obvious influence on these
inclusion bodies, which he believes, were nothing but nuclear remnants,
though he admits that they very much resembled B. muris. According to
him the infection in splenectomized rodent is not in any way different from
that in non-splenectomized ones.
Nauck [1927] described a new species of Bartonella from the squirrel
(Sciurus vulgaris).
Cunha and Munz [1927] described B. ranarum from the blood of a frog.
Kikuth [1928-29] described a new anaemia producing organism in dogs
which he called B. canis. Ordinarily, he says, the infection remained in a
latent condition in normal dogs and became active only on splenectomy.
Splenectomized dogs showing the infection, were found to develop progressive
anaemia which either passed on to a chronic stage or manifested an acute
phase leading to death. This organism could not be cultivated on artificial
media and his transmission experiments through the agency of the dog flea
also failed. According to him, Bartonella canis is filtrable through Berkefeld
filter N, and Neosalvarsan in therapeutic doses can clear the blood of the
parasites within 24 hours.
Knutti and Hawkins [1935] demonstrated in three out of four splenecto-
mized bile fistula dogs, which consistently exhibited periods of anaemia
associated with excessive bile pigment production, the presence of Bartonella
canis. According to their experience simple splenectomized dogs did not
show any such spontaneous periods of anaemia. Two splenectomized dogs
when inoculated with blood containing Bartonella developed the typical symp-
toms and the parasites in their blood. Injection of such blood into a splen-
ectomized biliary renal fistula dog also presented a similar picture. They
failed to cultivate Bartonella on artificial culture media. Neosalvarsan is
stated to have a specific sterilizing effect in this malady. It is further men-
tioned that when fed on spleen extract the periods of anaemia and bile pig-
ment overproduction is inhibited. Bartonella canis is stated to be associated
with blood destruction which yields a large excess of the pigments in bile
fistula dogs.