NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
106
DISPENSARIES IN RAJPUTANA.
STATEMENT H.—Showing the Income and Expenditure of State, Public, Local
DISTRICT.
1
MEWAR .
.
PERTABGARH .
BANSWARA
.
KUSHALGARH .
DUNGARPUR
.
INCOME.
Name of Dispensary.
2
NATIVE STATES—concluded.
Lansdowne Hospital
.
.
Chitorgarh
.
.
Rashmi
.
.
. .
Sarara .
.
.
.
.
Saran
.
. . .
Nathdwara
.
.
. .
Jehazpur
.
. . .
Bhilwara
.
.
.
.
Kapasin
.
.
.
.
Sadri Khurd .
.
.
.
Mandalgarh .
.
.
.
Udaipur Railway Dispensary .
Rajnagar
. . . .
TOTAL .
Partabgarh
.
. . .
Banawara
.
. . .
Garhi
.
.
.
.
TOTAL .
Southern Rajputana States Agen-
cy Hospital
. . . .
Kushalgarh .
.
.
.
Dungarpur
. . . .
Sagwara
.
.
.
.
TOTAL .
Adam'a Memorial Hospital, Abu,
Abu Road
.
.
.
.
TOTAL .
Deoli .
.
.
.
.
Kherwara
.
.
.
.
TOTAL NATIVE STATES .
PROVINCIAL TOTAL CLASS
A. . (GENERAL
DISPEN-
SARIES) .
.
.
.
B.—HOSPITALS AND DIS¬
PENSARIES FOR FEMALES.
NATIVE STATES.
Jaswant Female Hospital, Jodh¬
pur
. . . . .
Bharatpur Female Hospital .
Lady Dufferin Hospital, Alwar .
Walter Zenana Hospital, Tonk .
Victoria Hospital, Kotah
.
Walter Female Hospital, Udaipur
PROVINCIAL TOTAL CLASS B.
(FEMALE DISPENSARIES).
COMBINED PROVINCIAL
TOTAL . . .
Cash
balance.
3
R
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2,746
2,746
224
...
2,970
6,299
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
6,299
GOVERNMENT
CONTRIBUTION.
As
salary.
4
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1,924
540
2,464
...
...
2,464
7,397
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
7,397
Other-
wise.
5
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
743
400
1,173
...
...
1,173
4,662
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4,662
Local Fund con-
tributions.
6
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Municipal Fund
contributions.
7
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Interest on in-
vestments.
8
R
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Figures not received.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
668
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
668
...
...
...
96
...
96
...
...
96
2,496
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2,496
...
...
...
175
...
175
...
...
175
994
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
994
SUBSCRIPTIONS.
Euro-
peans.
9
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
287
...
287
...
...
287
287
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
287
Natives.
10
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
500
...
500
1,756
...
2,256
7,113
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
7,113
DISPENSARIES IN RAJPUTANA.
107
Fund and Private non-aided Dispensaries of Rajputana for the year 1910—concld.
Miscellaneous
receipts
(to
include sale of
securities).
11
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
378
...
378
378
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
378
Total
receipts.
12
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
7,441
7,441
2,358
...
9,799
30,294
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
30,294
EXPENDITURE.
SALARIES.
Medical
officers.
13
R
3,434
696
434
615
890
720
744
1,142
574
449
434
550
522
11,204
610
756
575
1,331
139
...
660
393
1,053
1,200
540
1,740
183
194
1,21,841
1,35,510
6,110
1,020
4,280
3,600
5,040
4,320
24,370
1,59,880
Nurses.
14
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
588
588
...
240
...
...
...
...
240
828
Inferior
servants.
15
R
1,317
389
245
182
179
420
345
542
282
168
311
228
203
4,811
420
365
181
546
10
MEDICINES.
European.
16
R
6,072
736
752
411
222
480
643
504
358
222
519
119
314
11,352
857
867
283
1,150
138
Bazar.
17
R
392
65
46
32
39
36
33
51
41
20
42
15
42
854
70
77
33
110
1
Diet
18
R
1,299
232
155
25
36
...
16
161
86
...
53
...
...
2,063
79
27
10
37
...
Figures not received
371
300
671
*1,088
201
1,289
367
165
56,380
61,252
1,472
1,162
1,229
1,574
1,404
529
7,370
68,622
1,108
320
1,428
773
400
1,173
730
262
80,766
86,772
938
400
1,240
426
514
85
3,603
90,375
29
34
63
115
67
182
30
42
5,772
6,431
50
21
53
23
61
56
264
6,695
19
33
52
283
103
386
59
7
26,964
28,003
271
864
382
155
262
143
2,077
30,080
Miscel¬
laneous
charges.
19
R
1,275
140
93
95
65
36
76
130
61
33
44
63
70
2,181
106
126
95
221
70
...
104
62
166
269
155
424
655
56
29,975
33,581
325
280
188
317
144
137
1,391
34,972
Buildings
or
Repairs.
20
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
48
48
...
...
...
...
...
10,796
12,092
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
12,092
Invest-
ments.
21
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total Ex-
penditure.
22
R
13,789
2,258
1,725
1,360
1,431
1,692
1,857
2,530
1,402
892
1,403
975
1,151
32,465
2,142
2,218
1,177
3,395
358
...
2,291
1,190
3,481
3,728
1,466
5,194
2,024
726
3,33,082
3,64,229
9,166
3,987
7,372
6,095
7,425
5,270
39,315
4,03,544
Closing
Balance.
23
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2,247
2,247
334
...
2,581
7,288
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
7,288
* Includes the pay of Vaccinator.
Q 2
108
DISPENSARIES IN RAJPUTANA.
STATEMENT J.—Showing the Account of Invested Capital of the Dispensaries in Rajputana
during the year 1910.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Names of Dispensaries.
Ajmer
.
.
.
.
Kekri
.
.
.
.
Pisangan .
.
.
.
Ramsar
.
.
. .
Deolia
. . . .
Beawar
.
.
. .
Todgarh .
.
.
.
TOTAL .
Abu and Abu Road . .
GRAND TOTAL .
Balance on
1st January
1910.
R
5,500
...
...
2,500
500
...
...
8,500
5,000
13,500
Invested
during the
year.
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
TOTAL.
R
5,500
...
...
2,500
500
...
...
8,500
5,000
13,500
Securities
sold.
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Deposits
withdrawn.
R
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Balance on
31st Decem¬
ber 1910.
R
5,500
...
...
2,500
500
...
...
8,500
5,000
13,500
REPORT
ON
SANITATION DISPENSARIES, AND JAILS IN
RAJPUTANA FOR 1910,
AND ON
VACCINATION FOR THE YEAR 1910-1911.
Published by Athority.
CALCUTTA
SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA
1911
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM-OPIUM.
(An extract from the sixth volume of the Dictionary of Economic
Products of India.)
BY
GEORGE WATT, M.B., F.L.S., C.I.E.,
REPORTER ON ECONOMIC PRODUCTS WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM—OPIUM.
Papaver somniferum, Linn. ; Fl. Br. Ind., I., 117.
THE OPIUM, OR WHITE POPPY.
Vern.—Afiyun, afim, kashkásh, post, HIND. ; Post, BENG.. Aphim,
NEPAL; Posta, OUDH; Posht, KUMÁON ; K h a s h - k h a s h , p o s t , d o d a , a f i m ,
khish-khash, PB. ; Aphim, appo, khaskhas, post, BOMB. ; Aphu, posta,
khuskhus (afú-ke-t har),M A R . ;
A p h i n a , p o s t a , k h u s k h u s ,
G u z . ;
A f i m ,
khashkhash- ké- bóndé, khashkhash, D E C .
Abini, gashagasha. postaka-
t ol , gashagasha-t ól , casa-casa,T A M . ;
gasagasúla-tólu, gasa-
gasálú, casa-casa, TEL.; Khasakhasi, gasagase, afim, K A N . ;
K a s h a .
kasha-karuppa, kashkashat-tól, kasha-kashak kuru, afiun, MALAY.;
Bhain, bhain-zi, BURM. ; Abin, SING.; Ahiphena (c'hosa, according to
Fleming), (khaskhasa, póst ubéj am?),S A N S . ;
Afiun, qishrul-khash-
khásh, bisrul-khashkhash, abunom, ARAB.; Khashkhásh, afiún, pósté-
kóknár, tukhme-koknar, PERS.
N O T E . — T h e d i s t i n c t i o n i n t o O p i u m , P o p p y s e e d s , P o p p y c a p s u l e s , P o p p y plant, and beverage from Poppy, has not been attempted in the above enu-
meration of vernacular names.
References.— Boiss., FI. Orient. I.,116 Roxb.,Fl. Ind., Ed. C.B.C., 426;
Voigt, Hort. Sub. Cal., 5; D a l e . & a m p ; G i b s . , B o m b . F l . , S u p p . , 3 ; S t e w a r t ,
Pb. Pl . , 10 ; Ai t chi son, Cat . Pb. &amp; Si nd Pl . , 4 ; Kuram Val l ey Rept . ,
Pt. I., 9 ; Rept. Pl. Coll. Afgh. Del. Com., .32 ; DC., Orig. Cult. Pl.,
397 ; Graham, Cat. Bomb. Pl., 6 ; Mason, Burma &amp; Its People, 487 ;
Enumeration Plants of China Proper by Forbes &amp; Hensley (Linn.
Soc. Four. , Vol . XXIII. , 34) ; Hooker, Hi mál ayan Fournal s, I. , 86 ;
Pharm. Ind., 13, 15-23; British Pharm. (Ed. 1885), 295-297, 299;
F l ü c k . & a m p ; H a n b . , P h a r m a c o g . , 4 0 - 6 4 ; U . S . D i s p e n s . , 1 5 t h E d . , 9 7 7 ,
1054-1078, 1082; Martindale, Extra Pharm., 20, 151, 236-241, 244,
259; Fl emi ng, Med. Pl . &amp; Dr ugs ( As i at i c Res . , XI . ) , 174; Ai ns l i e,
Mat. Ind., I., 271, 326; II., 339; O'Shauglznessy, Beng. Dispens., 170
– 1 8 3 ; I r v i n e , M a t . M e d . P a t n a , 6 , 7 7 ; M o o d e e n S h e r i f f , S u p p .
P h a r m . I n d . ,
87, 190, 194, 358 ; Mat. Med. S. Ind. (in MSS.), 18; U. C.
Dutt, Mat. Med. Hindus, 112, 289; Sakharam Arjun, Cat. Bomb.
Drugs, 9; K. L. De, Indig. Drugs, Ind., 82-83; Murray, Pl. &amp; Drugs,
Sind, 75 ; Bidie, Cat. Raw Pr. Paris Exh., 2, 84, 103 ; W
aring, Bazar
Me d . , 1 0 4 ; Be n t . &a mp ; Tr i m. , Me d . P l . , t . 1 8 ; Dy mo c k , Ma t . Me d . W.
Ind. , 2nd Ed. , 39-48; Dymock, Warden &amp; Hooper, Pharnzacog. Ind. ,
Vol. I., 73-108; Official Corresp. on Proposed New Pharm. Ind., nu-
merous' references ; Watts, Dic. Chemistry, IV., 207–210, 338; VI.,
PAPAVER
somniferum.
Trade in Poppy Seed.
4
Extracted from the Dictionary of
OIL.
TRADE
in
Seed.
Malwa seed.
Coastwise.
One or two similar brief passages occur in Indian works on this subject,
but for the past forty years no writer of any note appears to have dealt with
poppy seed or oil. All that has appeared on the subject might, in fact, be
characterised as a republication of the statements made by Hawkes and
Bingham, in which the oil is commended as one likely to find a place in
European commerce. Silently it has, however, advanced, and, at the present
moment, it holds a distinct place among the oil-seeds of India.
TRADE IN POPPY SEED.
The following table exhibits the FOREIGN IMPORTS and EXPORTS to and
from India in poppy seed for the past ten years :—
YEARS.
Imports.
Exports.
Cwt.
R
Cwt.
R
1880-81
892
6,526
579,544
39,76,254
1881-82
430
3,096
603,289
39,04,065
1882-83
1,201
9,768
571,542
30,26,401
1883-84
109
723
514,228
30,30,184
1884-85
709
4,348
659,900
40,91,595
1885-86
320
1,857
695,097
40,28,685
1886-87
583
3,609
612,654
34,10,452
1887-88
246
1,769
456,308
27,76,571
1888-89
1,198
8,464
730,455
47,61,731
1889-90
2,191
16,059
482,893
36,79,626
The fact that India imports from foreign countries any poppy seed at
all seems surprising. Taking the last of the above series of years for the
subject of special enquiry, it is found that the major portion of the imports
came from Persia (viz., 2,161 cwt.) and was received by Bombay (viz.,
2,073 cwt.), with the balance to Sind and Madras. It is not known whether
any special merit is attributed to the Persian seed, but, Mr. J. E. O'Co nor,
in a letter to the Editor on this subject, says that it is believed the Persian
seed is imported, as the supply from which much of the Malwa Opium is
raised. If this be so the fact is of some interest in the light it throws on the
difference between Bengal and Malwa Opiums, and on the discussion,
which will be found below, on the botanical nature of the forms of poppy
grown in these centres. It is probable that these imports are to some ex-
tent, however, the expression only of one of those abnormal but conservative
features of trade which adjust the balance of exchange in other commodi
-ties. Of the exports by far the larger quantity went to Belgium (viz.,
220,849 cwt.); next in importance came France (192,929 cwt.), followed by
the United Kingdom (64,839 cwt.). The largest exporting province
appears to be Bombay, which issued 279,981cwt., and was followed by
Bengal as exporting 202,116 cwt. This analysis of the returns of one year
expresses very nearly the features of the present trade.
OF THE COASTWISE TRANSACTION.—NO separate record appears in the
trade returns. The interchanges between the provinces along the coast
Extent of Cultivation and Total Produce in the Patna Agency.
OPIUM
SUB-AGENCIES.
BIGHAS CULTIVATED WITH POPPY (OPIUM BIGHA=
§
t h O F A N A C R E ) .
PRODUCE IN MAUNDS.
Average
yield per
bigha for
1883-84. 1884-85. 1885-86. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90. 1883-84. 1884-85.
1 8 8 5 - 8 6
1885-86.
1887-
8 8
1888-89 1889-90.
the yeas
1883 to
1890.
Tirhoot
Hajeepore
Chupra
Alligunge
Moteeharee
Betteah
Shahabad
Gya
Tehtah
Patna
Monghyr
Bighás
TOTAL
Acres
17,255
13,138
23,094
41 , 1 55
55,208
33,983
35,198
63,420
42,986
39, 1 47
29,934
19,048
11,256
29,923
42,640
71,232
39,5 12
35,8o7
65,906
45,036
39,469
33,332
22,199
15,338
26,425
42,6 12
74,343
41,430
36,623
69,117
46,972
43,038
35,4 1 7
26, 765
1 7,444
31,103
44 , 031
74, 1 42
40,564
35,711
65,696
45,741
42,396
34,673
25,638
13,227
29,383
43,236
74,30
37,488
34,556
66,044
46,178
41,846
35,313
21,142
14,119
27,969
40,774
57,78 7
37,456
32,239
62,832
42,455
40,754
30,339
24,367
11,507
27,701
38,728
6 3, 04 1
33,3 11
29,384
60,238
43,152
38,445
28,356
1,686
1,538
4,112
6,153
4,84 2
3,160
6,992
10,992
8,23 1
7,079
4,775
2,033
1,321
3,484
6,409
6,683
4,515
5,751
3,725
6,555
6,151
4, 1 75
2,318
2,009
4,495
7,3 25
6,970
4,141
5,621
9,81 4
6,466
6,430
4,277
2,443
1,87
3,5 13
6,465
6,968
3,799
4,376
7, 06
5,436
4,472
3,163
2,410
1,721
4,470
7,455
6,534
3,905
6,050
9,969
6,843
6,444
4,391
1,285
1,16
2,637
4,336
3,354
2,474
3,001
5,005
3,809
2,964
2,158
1,551
925
2,782
4,516
5,021
2,553
4,361
7,802
5,8 12
4,738
3,057
Srs. Ch.
3 15
4 9
5 9
6 5
3 1 0
4 0
6 7
5 10
5 15
5 15
4 15
399,5 18
249,699
433,161
2 7°,726
453,514
283,446
453,266
286,416
447,759
279,849
405, 866
253,666
398,2 30
248,893
59,560 55,802 59,8661 49,582 60,192 32,233 43, 1 47 5 2
PAPAVAR
SOMNI FERUM
Ar e a & P r o d u c t i o n .
42
E x t r a c t e d f r o m t h e d i c t i o n a r y o f
Extent of Cultivation and Total Produce in the Benares Agency.
OPIUM SUB-
AGENCIES.
BIGHAS CULTIVATED WITH POPPY (BIGHA =5/TH ACRE).
PRODUCE IN MAUN DS.
A v e r a g e y i e l d p e r b i g h á f o r t h e y e a r s 1 8 8 3 t o 1 8 9 0 .
R E M A R K S
1883-84. 1884-85
1 1 5 8 5 - S 6 . . 1886-87. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90. 1883-84. 1884-85. 1885-86. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90.
Srs. Ch.
Average for
four years
o n l y .
For
four
years only.
For 1887-88
O n l y
For four
years only.
Ghazipur
35,133
39,214 39,826 39,856
38,471
21, 139
20,995
6,092
5,820
6,150
4,549
6,248
2,316
2,864
5 15
Mirzapur
. . .
. . .
...
...
...
16,699
18,421
. . .
1,728
3,021
. . .
Azimgurh
15,377
17,677 20,574
20,263
19,028
15,531
17,231
2,759
3,186
3,252
2,674
3,059
1,691
2,318
6
7
Gorakhpur
29,118
30,731 30,720
31,477
3 0 , 5 5 0 27,925
29,478
4,361
5,008
4,707
4,501
5,134
3,113
3,598
6
3
Bustee
36,054
38,434 40,235 34,983
31,388 29,425 26,215
4,810
6,181
5,406
4,625
4,765
2,926
3,515
5 11
Allahabad
22,565
23,983 24,418 23,349
23,074
13,050
14,421
4,937
4,594
3,312
3,907
4,069
1,186
2,085
7
1
Etawah
...
...
. . .
11,364
13,103
...
...
832
1,218
...
Cawnpore
30,450
11,237
12,349
10,928
10,817
...
3,818
1,057
862
764
814
...
. . .
3
7
Futtehgarh
45,065
34,192 36,433
29,965 26,076
19,056
20,735
7,042
4,386
3,106
2,804
2,935
1,695
2, 556 4
9
Mainpuri
...
33,449 37,453 33,606
28,842
14,124
15,959
...
4,436
3,397
3,002
3,157
1,343
2,276
4
3
Roh ilk hand
29,696
40,668 47,741
32,689
29,969 23,171
27,635
5,117
7,382
4,184
3,822
4,312
2,643
4,271
5
9
Aligarh
6,540
9,098 11,310
8,976
8,093
. . .
917
1,156
743
897
895
...
...
3
9
Lucknow
Sitapur
} 59,056
56,118
{18,878
57,969
19,300
50,743
16,105
48,033
15,347
24,889
18,718
31,24
21,353 {
9 , 9 4 9
{ 10,783
3,288
7,925
2,135
7,759
2,109
8,052
2,188
3,331
2,442
5,133
3,533
6
7
5
9
Faizabad
38 ,0 30
43 ,809 46,552
40, 1 4 2
36,812
18,159
21,639
5,360
7,368
6,178
5,902
5,874
2,285
3,502
5 15
Gonda
. . .
. . .
18,703
27,023
...
1,916
3,186
. . .
Pertabgarh.
. . .
...
28,663
25,916 31,753
. . . ...
...
5,116
2,611
4,338
7
2
Rai Bareilly
. . .
39,910 41,053 38,263 35,650 32,043 36,661
. . . 7,517
5,810
5,917
6,233
3 ,441
5,407
6
9
Sultanpur
{ Bighás
TOTAL
Acres
61,747
33,784 32,427
29,673
. . .
...
11,875
5,839
4,467
4,763
...
. . .
6 10
409,831
256,144
471,232
294,520
498,360
311,175
441,018
275,636
410,813
256,758
329,917
206,198
373, 862
233,664
6 7 , 0 3 7
{
78,001 61,634
57,995 62,851
35,499 52,721
5 1 1
PAPAVER
somniferum.
MANUFAC
-
TURE.
Valuation.
66
Extracted from the Dictionary of
Estimation of value of Opium.
has been adjudged of nearly equal consistence by the remarkable power
of hand estimation practised at the factories, a power that is gained only
by years of experience in the examination of the drug.
" It would be difficult therefore—nay impossible—to lay down rules for
arriving at results that can be satisfactorily obtained only by practice. A
few guiding principles will, however, be touched on here.
" As a rule the consistence of opium freshly collected from the capsule
varies considerably, according to peculiarities of soil and weather, ranging
from 30°
to 50°, that is, it contains from 30 to 50 per cent. of solid
matter.
" Between the time of collection, and of weighment and examination of
the drug at the Government scales, there is generally an interval of from
one to even three months, and during this period it is within the power of
the cultivator so to manipulate his drug as to raise it to any standard of
spissitude. Experience, however, shows that the cultivator is not so easily
schooled into turning out an article exactly suitable to the requirements of
our factories, and it is no uncommon thing to find in one season two jars
lying side by side, one of which contains opium yielding a clean section if
cut with a spatula, the other containing a drug so fluid as to be poured
out of the jar by tilting it over.
" The practical impossibility of guessing with certainty to a degree the
consistence of any given sample of opium has given rise to the 'classes'
of opium now obtaining at the two Agencies. Each class includes in it
a range of three degrees of consistence, and between the first and the last
class is included all the opium that is ordinarily brought to the Govern
-ment scales.
" The following is the classification table adopted for good opium at the
two factories at Patna and Ghazipur, together with the distinctive mark of
each class :–
CLASS
DISTINCTIVE MARK.
Degrees
included in
each Class.
At Patna.
A t G h a z i p u r .
Báshi bála darawal
. . .
X
XXX
79, 80, 81
Bála darawal
. . .
X
XX
76, 77, 78
Darawal
. . .
X
X
73, 74, 75
Awal. . .
I
I
70, 71, 72
Duyum
. . .
I I
I I
67, 68, 69
Siyum
. . .
I I I
I I I
64, 65, 66
Chaharum. . .
. . .
IV
61, 62, 63
Panjum
. . .
. . .
V
58, 59, 60
Shishum
. . .
•••
VI
55, 56, 57
Haftum
. . .
•••
VII
52, 53, 54
" For purposes of district classification the above table answers admir
- a b l y , a n d i t i s a l s o a d h e r e d t o a t t h e f a c t o r i e s w h e n r e - c l a s s i f y i n g b y t o u c h
the classification of district officers, prior to the ultimate appraisement of
the opium by the help of steam tables. During this final classification,
however, when the object at the factories is to arrive at the true consistence
of every parcel of opium, drug of a spissitude estimated by touch to be
above the highest or below the lowest class is assayed separately on the
steam table, and its true consistence adjudged.
" We have thus seen that there are two methods practised at the Agencies
for estimating consistence, ( a ) by steam tables, (b) by touch. The second is a
C o n s u m p t i o n o f O p i o m i , i n I n d i a .
Revenue on Consumption of Opium in India.
PROVINCES.
1878-79.
1879-80
1 8 7 9 - 8 0
1881-82 1882-83.
1 8 8 3 - 8 4
1884 85.
1 8 8 5 - 8 6 . 1886-87. 1887-88.
1 8 8 8 - 8 9
1 8 8 9 - 9 0 .
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
Rx.
India, General.
918
522
319
381
650
1,610
2,902
2,434
2,799
2,720
3,174
5,012
Oudh
8,515
12,090
13,512
13,486
14,448
14,618
14,203
15,221
15,808
15,189
18,596
19,899
Central Provinces
64,239 I 75,946
83,447
89,511
92,938
94,922
94,624 95,441
93,709 88,129
90,331
93,824
Burma
151 ,2 96
162,6 44 180,593 177,035 1 7 9, 982 181,554 176,769 164,383 197,340 209,106 226,009 229,463
Assam
154,813
156,760 163,740 155,351 164,703 165,059 169,232 166,700 166,594 162,746 163,560 173,681
Bengal
148,294
155,358 164 398 174 '
160 179,592 190,548 188,393 185,798 190,575 198,491 200 , 8 13 195,948
North-West Provinces
67,244
72,155
84,809 80,370 83,384 81,137 80,13 1
80,617 80,833
79,749 87,340 89,142
Panjáb
32,863
32,511 133,171 47,818 43,344 42,589
41,668
36 ,333
3 6,7 22
37,119
38,183 38,521
Madras
Not recorded.
63,1371 47,018 51, 406 63 , 973
66,52 4
76,014 67,632 65,251
68,387 64,022
Bombay
31, 861
34,691
3 , 8 3 7
1 4,7 60
9, 0 7 0
9,624
10,208
21,236
11,056
18,847
23,587
19,416
TOTAL Rx,
660,043
702,677 810,963 800,490 819,517 845,634 844,654 8 44,177 S6 3,073 877,377 919,980 928,928
Number of Abkari Chests manu-
factured tor consumption in
India
5,605
4,221
4,378
3,959
591
2,146
4,321
2,291
2,831
3,367
3,485
6,320
Trade in Opium.
PAPAVER
somniferum.
89
the Economic Products of India.
TRADE.
Trans-
Frontier.
imported illicitly, especially from Nepal. The following table exhibits
the traffic for the past three years :—
IMPORTS
INTO BRITISH INDIA.
EXPORTS
FROM BRITISH INDIA.
COUNTRIES FROM
WHENCE—KASHMIR
AND NEPAL.
COUNTRIES TO WHICH-
NAGA AND MISHMI
HILLS.
1887-88.
1 8 8 8 - 8 9 . 1889-90. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90.
Weight in Cwt
167
306
200
4
1
4
Value in Rupees
2,68,650 4,20,088 2,38,490 8,309 2,102 8,695
The exports from Nepal (which represent the major portion of the im
-ports into British India) are received by the province of Bengal. The ex
- p o r t s f r o m B r i t i s h I n d i a g o f r o m t h e p r o v i n c e o f A s s a m t o t h e f r o n t i e r
Hill States.
Govt . of I ndi a Cent r al Pr i nt i ng Of f i ce. —No. 52 R. <i l l egi bl e>A. - 20- 6- 91. - 50.
NOTES
ON THE
PROPAGATION AND CULTIVATION
OF THE
MEDICINAL CINCHONAS,
OR
PERUVIAN BARK TREE:.
I p / 2 5 / B C . 2
m . 9 1 . e
NOTES
ON THE
PROPAGATION AND CULTIVATION -
OF THE
MEDICINAL CINCHONAS,
PERUVIAN BARK TREES.
Printed and Published by Order of the Government of Madras.
BY
WILLIAM GRAHAM Mc IVOR, F.R.G.S., C.M.R.B.S.E.,
SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT CINCHONA PLANTATIONS
AND BOTANICAL GARDENS, NEILGHERRIES.
M ADRAS:
PRINTED BY GANTZ BROTHERS,
AT THE ADELPHI PRESS, 175, MOUNT ROAD.
1867.
1887.
CONTENTS.
PARAS.
Alkaloids, formation of, in the plant
39, 40
Alkaloids, oxydation and waste of, by the action of light
41
Aspect of Plantations
5
Bark, first harvest of
34—36
Bark, value of South American compared with Neilgherry
37
Bark, Neilgherry, analysis of
38
Barking knife, description of, and method of using 45—48
Cinchona species introduced into India, notice of
49
Cinchona Succiruba, " Red Bark"
50
Cinchona Calisaya " Yellow Bark"
51
Cinchona Officinalis α Uritusinga, " Original Loxa Bark" 52
Cinchona Officinalis ß Coudamenia, " Rusty Crown Bark"
53
Cinchona Officinalis δ Crispa, "Fine Crown Bark"
54
Cinchona Lancifolia, " Pitayo Bark"
55
Cinchona Nitada, " Genuine Grey Bark"
56
Cinchona species without name
ib.
Cinchona Micrantha, " Grey Bark"
58
Cinchona Peruviana, " Finest Grey Bark"
59
Cultivation
26
Cultivation, preparation of sites
27, 28
Direction of operations, and arrangement of labor
60—67
Establishing plants, substitute for earthen pots in
21
Mossing, its advantages
41
Moss, mode of application
42, 43
Mossed Bark, manner of taking from the plant 44
Manuring
32
Nurseries, formation of, in the open air
22—25
Plant, nature and requirements of
3
Plants in Wardian cases, treatment of
68, 69
Plants, shading young, after planting
31
Plants, protection of, by staking
33
Planting
29, 30
Planting, precautions to be observed in
32
Preface
1, 2
Propagation, importance of
9
Propagation by seeds
10—13
Propagation by layers
14