NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
LIST OF DRUGS.
151
Hydrargyri iodidum
rubrum ointment
(red ointment)
Honey
Huldec
Hyoscyamus
Ink nuts
Iodine
Iodine
liniment;
iodine ointment
Iodine tincture
Iodoform
Iodoform ointment
Jaggery (treacle) ...
Jinjili leaves
Jinjili oil
Jinjili seeds
Kerosene oil
Kootkic
... Shath—Slymm
Shabad
or
mudh—Steel
Huldce
Khorasani aj¬
wan—Steel
Kakar
singi
ulday
...
...
....
...
...
Goor
...
Mitha tel, til
ka tel, barik
tel—Steel
Tib
Muttee ka tel—
Slymm
Kutki— Steel
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Laxative, emollient, demul-
cent— Slymm
See Turmeric
Narcotic, soporific, ano-
dyne,
anti-spasmodic—
Steel. Sedative— Slymm.
Cardiac tonic — Finlay Dun
Tonic, as tringent
Tonic, alterative, resolvent,
deobstrucnt— Tuson
...
...
...
...
Nutritive,
demulcent,
laxative, vehicle—Steel
...
Substitute for olive oil;
vehicle, laxative, demul-
cent, and errhinc—Steel
Emmenagogue —
Steel.
Laxative
...
A
valuable tonic -Steel.
Febrifuge, anti-periodic,
anthelmintic—Steel
Blister,
counter-irritant,
caustic, stimulant: ac-
cording to strengtli
...
Anodyne—Steel. Leaves as
poultice
Astringent. To tender feet
and sore eyes—Steel
...
Stimulant, resolvent (to
bursœ)
and
enlarged
glands—Tuson
Caustic, stimulant, deob-
strucnt ; injected diluted
in sinuses, and abscesses
Antiseptic, wound dressing,
anti-fly dressing
Do.
...
Demulcent, emollient—Steel
Emollient, demulcent,
vehicle
Excitant—Slymm
...
...
...
1 to 2—
Steel
2 to 4—
Steel
4 drs.;
2 to 8
tolas
...
Ail lib.
...
1 to 2
pints
4 to 8
drs.;
2 to 6
tolas
...
...
1 to 3
tolas
2 to 6
tolas
...
...
...
½ to 3
seers
...
...
...
1 to 3
ozs.
(seeds)
2 to 8
tolas
...
...
...
½ to 4
seers
...
, ..
Ail lib.
2 to 4
drs.
(leaves)
...
½ dr.
...
...
1 to 2
pints
½ to 1
oz.
Red mercury blister
Leaves and seeds
(especially)
of
hyoscyamus
nigcr
Galls of rhus suce-
danea
Mollasses
Sesamum Indicum
Fixed oil obtained
by
expression
from the seeds of
above
Stem with the root
of
Picrorhiza
kurroa
152
A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS.
List of Drugs employed in the Treatment of
Elephants—continued.
Drugs.
Lead acetate
Lead lotion
Lead subacetate
liquor
Lemon juice
Lime
Lime water
Linseed meal
Linseed oil
Liquor ammonia
(dilute)
Liquor ammonia
acetate
Liquor arsenicalis
Liquorice
root
(country)
Hindustani.
....
...
...
Nimboo ka rus
Chuna
Alsi-tisi
Alsi ka tel ...
...
...
..
Mitta lukhre—
Slymm. Jathi
madh mulati
—Kkory
Burmese.
...
...
...
..
USES.
Internal.
Sedative, astringent, in
diabetes—Tuson
...
...
Refrigerent—Slymm
...
Antacid, in flatulency
Demulcent—Steel.
Emol-
lient, nutrient—Slymm.
Laxative—Tuson
Nutritive, laxative, emol-
lient, vehicle—Tuson
...
Mild stimulant, diaphore-
tic, diuretic, febrifuge—
Tuson
...
Tonic,
nutrient — Steel,
Slymm. Demulcent, lax¬
ative, expectorant, diure-
tic— Khory
External.
...
Astringent, sedative, cooling
to wounds, etc.
Astringent, sedative, cooling
to wounds—Tuson
Caustic, desicant
...
Astringent — Steel.
As
poultice
Emollient, vehicle—Tuson
Counter-irritant
Discutient
Suppurative, detergent—
Steel
DOSES.
Steel.
...
...
...
...
Ad lib.
...
...
...
...
Slymm.
...
...
4 to 6
tolas
Gilchrist.
...
...
2 to 12
tolas
...
...
...
½ to 2
seers
...
...
...
...
...
—
½ to 1
dr.
...
8 to 10
ozs.
...
1 to 1½
pints
4 ozs.
½ to 1
oz.
4 to 8
drs.
Remarks.
Goulard's extract
Seeds of
linum
usitatissimum
Strength 4 grains
of arsenic in each
ounce
Root of glycer¬
rhiza
glabra.
Steel says roots
of abrus preca¬
torius
is
an
efficient substitute
LIST OF DRUGS.
153
Macc
Mango tree bark ...
Mango seeds
Margosa bark
Margosa fruit
Margosa fruit oil...
Margosa leaves ...
Margosa tree
Margosa tree toddy
Milk
Milk, sour
Janantri
Aam ka zad ka
chal
Aam ka bit¬
chce
Neem ka chhal
Neem ka tel...
Neem ka putta
Neem ka zad
Nim ka nira
Dudh
...
...
Carminative—Slymm. Sti-
mulant, digestive, tonic,
astringent—Khary
Tonic, astringent—Steel ...
Kernel of the seed said to be
good for expelling worms
Tonic, astringent,
anti-
periodic— Steel. Relieves
thirst,
vomiting
and
nausea in fever—Khory
Purgative,
anthelmintic,
emollient
in
urinary
diseases—Khory
Anti-spasmodic,
anthel-
mintic— Steel. Stimulant
—Khory, Steel
Vermifuge— Steel. In jaun-
dice and skin diseases,
such as boils, prurigo,
etc.— Khory
Deodorizer; febrifuge ; its
vicinity ensuring freedom
from
specific
febrile
disorders
Stomachic
Emollient, nutritive, demul-
cent
....
...
Mild astringent
In skin diseases—Khory ...
In sprains and rheumatism,
parasiticide,
anti-fly
dressing; also keeps off
maggots ; used for sore
shanks,
bruised
legs,
etc.—Steel
Stimulant to ulcers and in
chronic skin diseases;
used as poultice—Steel.
Discutient;
useful
in
dispersing indolent glan-
dular swellings, made into
a pulp; useful
appli-
cation to pustular erup-
tions, open sores and
bruised joints—Khory
...
...
...
...
...
...
4 to 8
drs.
...
...
Ad lib.
...
½ to 4
tolas
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
4 to 6
drs.
...
1 oz.
...
...
5 to 10
lbs.
Arillus of the seeds
of myristica offi¬
cinalis
Bark of Mangifera
Indica
Bark
of Azadi¬
rachta Indica
Azadirachta Indica
154
TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS.
List of Drugs employed in the Treatment of Elephants—continued.
Drugs.
Moringa bark and
roots
Moringa flowers ...
Moringa leaves ...
Mustard
Mustard oil
Myrrh
Nutmeg
Nux vomica
Oil, cinnamon
Olive oil
Hindustani.
Munge— Steel.
Sengna—
Khory
Sengna ka phul
Shegata pan—
Khory
Rai
...
Bol — Steel.
Heerabole
Jaephul
Kuchla—
Slymm.
Kuchila—
Khory
Darchini
ka
tel, taj ka tel
...
Burmese.
USES.
Internal.
Stimulant, diuretic, parti-
cularly indicated in dropsy
with debility—Steel. In
cough—Khory
Tonic, diuretic : increases
flow of bile—Khory
Digestive, emetic in large
doses — Slymm.
Stimu-
lant, anti-spasmodic
Mild aperient—Khory
Stimulant and tonic—Steel.
Expectorant—Slymm. In
chronic
cough—Tuson.
Astringent and detergent
—Khory
Carminative—Slymm. Sti-
mulant, digestive tonic,
astringent—Khory
Nervine tome—Steel.
Sti-
mulant —Slymm.
Astrin-
gent—Khory. In chronic
rheumatism,
paralysis,
chronic diarrhoea
and
dysentery. Good vermi-
fuge— Khory
Stimulant. In diarrhœa—
Khory.
Anthrax.
Laxative, nutritive, emol-
lient, vehicle—Tuson
External.
Application for contusions.
Promotes
absorption.
Stimulant to sloughing
wounds — Steel.
As
poultice acts as rubefa-
cient to reduce swell-
ings, relieve rheumatic
pains, etc.—Khory
As poultice;
useful in
reducing glandular swell-
ings.
It always pro-
duces a blister—Khory
Stimulant—Steel.
Rube-
facient, counter-irritant
Stimulant, anti-fly dressing,
removes scurf and lice—
Khory
Traumatic—Steel.
Exci-
tant, deodorizer—-tuson
...
...
Stimulant,
rubefacient—
Khory
Emollient, vehicle—Tuson
DOSES.
Steel.
...
...
2 drs. to
1 oz.
...
½ to 2
drs.
...
...
Siymm.
...
2 to 6
lbs.
1 to 4
tolas
4 to 6
tolas
¼ to 2
tolas
...
...
Gilchrist
1 to 4
lbs.
...
...
...
½ to 2
drs.
...
...
...
1 to 4
drs.
4 drs.
1 to 4
drs.
½ to 1½
drs.
1 dr.
...
Remarks.
Moringa pterygo¬
spermca
Seeds of sinapis
alba and nigra
Gum resinous exu¬
dation from the
stem of Balsamo¬
dendron
myrrha
—Tuson
Seeds of myristica
officinalis
Seeds of strychnos
nux vomica
Oil from cinnamo¬
mum zeylanicum
From Olea Euro¬
pœa
LIST OF DRUGS.
155
Oil of turpentine ...
Oleander,
sweet
scented.
Onions
Opium
Opium tincture ...
Papaw tree leaves
Papaw tree jnice ...
Pepper, black
Pepper, long
Peppermint
Phenyle
Pimenta
Tarpin tel
Kanil or karbi
—Steel. Lal
kaneri —
Slymm
Peeaz
Afeem
Afeem ka arak
Papaiya—Steel.
Papaya ka
putta—Khory
Kali mirchi ...
Piplee
Pndina
...
...
...
...
...
Diuretic, stimulant—Steel.
Astringent, diaphoretic,
anti-spasmodic, anthel-
mintic, cathartic—Tuson
Excitant, tonic, slightly
narcotic, anti-periodic:
bark—Steel
Digestive, diuretic, has
more action on kidneys
than garlic; may be given
to animals exposed to
a chill; stimulant—Steel.
In colic—Khory
Narcotic anodyne—Steel.
Stimulant, sedative, anti-
spasmodic—Tuson
Anodyne, hypnotic, sedative,
anti-spasmodic—Tuson
...
Vermifuge, especially for
lumbrici
Stimulant— Steel. Carmi-
native—Slymm. Stoma-
chic, . aromatic—Tuson.
Resolvent, tonic, anti-
periodic—Khory
Tonic, carminative, stoma-
chic—Slymm. Stimulant,
in debility— Steel. Gil-
christ recommends it in
gunruss and chowrung.
In chronic cough—Khory
Carminative—Steel.
In
diarrhoea, debility and
colic— Gilchrist
...
Aromatic,
carminative,
stomachic,
anti-spas-
modic. In indigestion,
flatulency, and colic—
Tuson
Stimulant—Steel.
Vesi-
cant,
counter-irritant,
digestive
In irritable and sloughy
wounds, bruises and
burns; in form of poultice
When roasted its poultice
applied to inflamed and
indolent boils—Khory
Anodyne
Anodyne. In enemas in
diarrhoea
The remedy par excellence
in capped elbow and
other fibrous tumours ;
detergent—Steel
Digestive—Steel.
Locally
in chronic eczema; it's
application (as a paint)
with borax water is highly
prized
Stimulant
In obstinate ulcers; com-
bined with onions—Steel,
Gilchrist
...
Antiseptic,
disinfectant,
and deodorizer
...
5 ozs. 2
drs.; 1 oz
—Steel &
Symonds
1 to 6
drs.
8 lbs.
(Hawkes)
½ to 1
oz.
....
3 drs. for
horses.
May be
tried in
same
dose
½ to 1
oz.
½ to 2
ozs.
...
....
....
1 to 3
seers
½to 4
tolas
...
...
...
2 to 8
tolas
2 to 8
tolas
...
...
...
...
1 to 5
seers
...
...
....
...
....
½ to 2
ozs.
1 lb.
...
2 ozs.
...
10 lbs.
2 drs. to
1 oz.
3 ozs.
...
..
½ oz. to
6 drs.
½ oz. to
6 drs.
....
½ oz. to
6 drs.
From Pinus palus¬
tris and others
Root, bark and
flowers of nerium
odorum
Bulb of allium cepa
Papaver somnife¬
rum
Laudanum
Carica papaya
..
Berries of piper
nigrum
Fruit
of
piper
longus
Mentha piperita
Dried unripe ber¬
ries of Eugenia
pimenta—Tuson
156
A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS.
List of Drugs employed in the Treatment of
Elephants—continued.
Drugs.
Piper cubeba
Pix liquida
Plantain
Plantain tree root
Plantain tree leaves
Poppy capsules ...
Potass, bicarbonate
Potass, chlorate ...
Potass, bromide ...
Potass, nitras
Potass,
perman¬
ganas.
Potass,
perman¬
ganas liq.
Hindustani.
Cabaub chinee
—Steel.
Si¬
tal
chini—
Khory
Kil alkatra ...
Monz; kela—
Steel
Monz ka jud
Monz ka pntta
Posht
...
...
...
Shora—Steel
...
...
Burmese.
...
...
...
...
USES.
Internal.
Carminative,
excitant—
Slymm.
Specially valu-
able in cases of catarrh
in small doses—Steel
...
In musth, urinary disorders,
nutritive
Diaphoretic— Slymm
...
...
Antacid, diuretic
Mild stimulant, diuretic,
refrigerent, in flatulency
chiefly—Tuson
Sedative; lowers generative
functions in a marked
degree
Diuretic, febrifuge, refri-
gerent—Steel, Slymm
...
...
External.
...
Useful for foot sores—Steel.
Excitant,
rubefacient,
anti-deodorizer,
anti-
parasitic—Tuton
...
...
Eye-shades, etc.
Anodyne as fomentations
or poultice to bruised
and inflamed parts, or
to tender and irritable
ulcers, or to eyes in
ophthalmia—Khory
...
Stimulant and refrigerent
to unhealthy ulcers
...
Refrigerent- Steel. Stimu-
- lant to unhealthy wounds
— Tusun
Deodorizer,
disinfectant,
excitant
to
unhealthy
wounds—Tuson
Cleansing wash for diseased
surfaces—Tuson.
Dis-
infectant, deodorizer
DOSES.
Steel.
½ to 1
oz.
...
6 to 12
lbs.
...
...
...
...
...
½ to 1
oz.
...
Slymm.
2 to 8
tolas
...
...
3 to 8
seers
...
...
...
...
1 to 3
tolas
...
Gilchrist.
...
....
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
—
....
...
Ad lib.
...
4 to 6
drs.
2 to 4
drs.
4 to 6
drs.
½ to 1
oz.
...
Remarks.
Fruits of cubeba
officinalis
Tar
Fruit of musa para¬
disiaca
Capsules of Papa¬
ver somniferum
Nitre, saltpetre
Condy's fluid con¬
tains 4 grs. to 1
oz.
LIST OF DRUGS.
157
Potass, iodidi
Potass, acetate
...
Pomegranate riud
Pomegranate root,
bark.
Quinine sulph.
Radish
Resin
Resin ointment ...
Rhubarb
Salt, common
Salt, enema
Salt, rock
Salt, black
Snake roots
Soap, bar ; soap,
hard
...
..
Anar darum—
Khory
...
....
Mula— Khory.
Moolee—Steel
Dhuna —Steel.
Ral
rosina
—Khory
...
Revunchinee—
Slymm
Nimuck
...
Gumbeede—
Slymm
Kala nimuck
(a) Ganadan :
or kiramaror
Belgan dan—
Gilchrist
Saboon
...
...
...
Alterative,
deobstruent,
diuretic;
in
articular
rheumatism, dropsy and
enlargement of lymphatic
glands—Tuson
Same as nitrate, diuretic—
Finlay Dun
Astringent—Steel. Vermi-
fuge, stomachic—Khory.
In chronic diarrhœa and
dysentery
Anthelmintic for tœnia—
Steel. Specific in tape-
worms—Khory
Tonic,
anti-periodic. In
loss of appetite, weak
digestion, debility, acute
rheumatism
Diuretic—Steel
Diuretic— Steel.
Astrin-
gent—Khory
...
Tonic, refrigerent, stoma-
chic—Slymm
Tonic, vermifuge, nutrient
— Steel. Cathartic, diur-
etic, alterative, resolvent
...
Carminative,
stomachic,
digestive—Khory. Tonic,
refrigerent—S lymm
Digestive—Slymm
Anti-periodic,
stimulant,
tonic in flatulence and
debility—Steel
Cathartic, diuretic, antacid,
vehicle— Tuson
Promotes absorption
of
tumours and other abnor-
mal growths
...
...
...
...
...
Adhesive— Steel. Excitant,
astringent,
styptic—
Tuson
Stimulant
to
wounds,
blistered surfaces—Tuson
....
Stimulant
in
chronic
sprains
Laxative, vermifuge
...
...
...
Stimulant to sprains and
contusions, to burns and
scalds
...
...
..
..
..
6 to 24
lbs.
1 to 4
ozs.
..
..
1 lb.
..
...
3 ozs.
..
..
..
..
2 to 6
tolas
...
3 to 12
seers
..
½ to 1
seer
16 to 30
ozs.
½ to 2
tolas
10 to 20
ozs.
...
...
...
..
..
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2 drs.
2 to 3
drs.
6 drs. to
3 ozs.
1 to 2
drs.
6 to 24
lbs.
1 to 2
ozs.
...
½ to 1
lb.
...
2 to 4
ozs.
...
1
oz.
Punica
granatum
(rind of the fruit)
Rhaphanus sativus
Dried roots of spe¬
cies of Rheum
Table salt. Chlo¬
ride of sodium
Bay salt. Chloride
of sodium (crude)
Aristolochia brac¬
teta aristolochia
lndica
158
A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS.
List of Drugs employed in the Treatment of Elephants—continued.
Drugs.
Soap, country
Soap, enema
Soap lint. co.
Soap nuts
Soap, soft
Sodæ bicarb.
Sodæ carb.
Sodæ hyposulphite
Sodæ sulphite
Spearmint
Spirits, aether
Spirit, aether nitros
Hindustani.
Saboon
...
...
Rita
...
...
...
...
...
Poodina—Steel
..
...
Burmese.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
USES.
Internal.
Anthelmintic. In lungun—
Steel
...
...
Refrigerent— Steel,
Slymm.
Purgative—Steel. Laxa-
tive, diuretic, tonic. In -
colic,
flatulence,
etc.—
Steel
Antacid, diuretic
Do.
Antiseptic,
disinfectant,
alterative. In indiges-
tion, flatulence, anthrax—
Tuton
Do.
Carminative — Steel,
Slymm.
In
diarrhoea,
debility and colic
Diffusible stimulant, anti-
spasmodic—fuson
Stimulant, anti-spasmodic,
diuretic,
diaphoretic—
Tuson
External.
Detergent—Steel, Slymm ...
Purgative
Stimulant,
anodyne,
to
sprains, sore-throat. etc.
—Tuson
Detergent—Steel
Stimulant, detergent, lubri-
cant,
cleansing.
To
burns and scalds
...
...
Antiseptic,
disinfectant,
deodorizer—Tuson. Pha-
gedænic sores and ulcers
...
...
...
...
DOSES.
Steel.
1 to 6
drs.
½ to 2
lbs.;
1 to 2
seers
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
Slymm.
...
½ to 2
seers
...
...
...
...
½ to 1
seer
...
...
Gilchrist.
½ to 3
tolas
...
...
...
...
...
About
alb.
...
...
—
1 oz..
...
½ oz.
2 drs.
2 to 6
drs.
2 ozs.
...
...
3 to 4
ozs.
Remarks.
Sap. lauri folius
Mentha viridis
Sulphuric aether
Sweet
spirits
of
nitre.
Nitrons
aether
LIST OF DRUGS.
159
Spirit ammon.,
aromatic
Spirit camphor
...
Spirit rectificatus
Squills, Indian
Sugar, coarse
Subnitrate
of
bismuth
Sulphur
Sulphur ointment
Suttoo
...
Sweet flag
Tar ointment
Tamarind pulp
...
Thymol
...
...
....
Jangli kana ...
Suckur
...
Gandhak
...
Suttoo
Bach, butch or
goor butch—
Steel
...
Amhli — Steel.
Imhli—Khory
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Diffusible stimulant, anta¬
cid,
anti-spasmodic—
Tuson
Do.
Stimulant, diuretic, diapho¬
retic— Tuson
Young bulbs only useful,
old bearing little or no
action. In strangury and
fever—Steel
Vehicle
See Bismuth
Alterative—Steel,
Slymm.
Laxative—Slymm. Dia¬
phoretic—Slymm.
In
rheumatism—Tuson
...
Nutrient,
demulcent,
vehicle—Steel
Stomachic, aromatic, anti¬
periodic, tonic, stimulant
—Steel
...
Laxative—Steel.
Refriger-
ent—Steel, Slymm.
Diu¬
retic—Steel,
Slymm.
Cooling aperient—Slymm.
Vehicle
Antibilious, anti-scorbutic,
carminative,
digestive,
quenches thirst—Khory
...
...
Stimulant, anodyne, dis¬
cutient— Tuson
Added to cooling lotions to
increase their refrigerat¬
ing power and in prepar¬
ing tinctures
...
...
Disinfectant, deodorizer
when burnt
In skin affections
...
In chronic
rheumatism.
Anti-parasitic, for fleas
For cracks and foot dress¬
ing
Vehicle
Antiseptic, disinfectant
...
...
...
½ to 1
oz.
Ad lib.
2 to 2½
ozs.
(About a
lb.) ad
lib.
½ to 1
oz.
6 ozs.
...
...
...
...
...
2 to 6
tolas
...
....
6 to 12
tolas
....
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1½ to 2
ozs.
...
...
2 drs.
3 ozs.
...
...
8 ozs. to
1 lb.
½ to 2
drs.
Sweet
spirits of
ammonia.
Aro-
matic spirits of
ammonia.
Sal
volatile
Strength 1 to 4
Spirits of wine
Urginea Indica and
Scilla
Mixture of gram
and barley flours
Rhizome of acorns
calamus
Rine fruit of Tama¬
rindus Indica
l60
A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS.
List of Drugs employed in the Treatment of Elephants—concluded.
Drugs.
Tobacco decoction
Tobacco leaves ...
Tobacco infusion
Treacle
Turmeric
Ujwan of Ajwan,
three kinds :—
Ujwan or Omam
Ujwan or Shoree
Ujwan Khorasani
—Steel
Ujman
Hindustani.
...
Tumhakoo ....
...
Goor
Huldee
...
...
...
Ajmayan—
Steel
Burmese.
...
USES.
Internal.
Antidote to nux vomica;
strychnia
Sedative, anodyne, valuable
in cases of strangury of
urine
and
obstinate
spasm of the bowels. In
tetanus, colic; relieves
constipation—Steel.
Narcotic,
purgative—
Slymm
...
Laxative, vehicle, hastens
activity of cathartics
Aromatic, stimulant, mild
tonic—Steel
...
...
...
Stimulant, aromatic, tonic,
especially
useful
in
diarrhoea and indigestion
with
flatulence—Steel.
Carminative, stomachic
—Slymm. Anti-spasmo-
dic—Khory. In
colic,
bronchitis
External.
Antiseptic, disinfectant
Anodyne, especially useful
in allaying cutaneous
furor
Parasiticide—Steel, T'uson.
Applied to sore feet of
elephants—Steel
...
Fumes of burning turmeric
useful as an inhalation
in catarrh, and a decoc-
tion has a beneficial effect
in ophthalmia—Steel
...
...
...
....
DOSES.
Steel.
....
...
...
...
...
½ to 1
oz. ;
2 to 8
tolas
Slymm.
½ to½
tola
...
...
...
...
...
Gilchrist.
1 to 1½
drs.
...
2 to 4
ozs.
...
...
...
...
-
...
...
½ to 1
oz.
...
...
...
...
Remarks.
Nicotiana tabacum
Molasses
Rhizome of Cur¬
cuma
longa—
Steel
Carni fructus
Cleome visca
Hyoscyamus or
Henbane seeds
Ptychotis ajorvan
(fruits of)
LIST OF DRUGS.
161
Verdigris
Vinegar
Wax
Wheat flour
Zinc chloride, liq.
Zinc oxide
Zinc ointment
...
Zinc sulphate
Zinc lotion
Zangar
Sirka
Mom
Geong ka atta
..
...
...
Suffed
tuta—
Steel
...
...
...
...
Tonic, astringent—Tuson
See Acetum
...
Vehicle, nutrient
...
...
...
Astringent, tonic
...
Stimulant
to
wounds—
Steel.
Escharotic —
Slytmm
Adhesive — Steel,
Emol-
lient
Caustic, astringent, deo-
dorizer,
disinfectant;
stimulant to wounds, un-
healthy ulcers, in eczema
Desicant, astringent
Astringent. In slight ex-
coriations
and ulcera-
tions— Tuson
...
Astringent, excitant, mild
escharotic, and desicant
when applied to wounds.
Collyrium injected into
sinuses and in quittor
according to
strength
used
...
Ad lib.
...
2 to 4
drs.
...
...
....
...
...
...
...
...
2 drs.
Cnpri subacetas
Sir William Bur ¬net t ' s disinfect
ing f l u i d c o n t a i n ¬ 2 0 0 grains to the
ounce
11
[Facing page 163.
PLATE VIII.
OUNGING AND DRAGGING.
PART IV.
Non-infective Diseases.
CHAPTER I.
GENERAL TREATMENT OF SICKNESS.
IT will be as well to remark here that elephants generally are
bad patients from three points of view : (a) they are naturally very
timid suspicious creatures, difficult and often dangerous for strangers
to handle ; (b) their vital processes are slow, hence diseases run a
protracted course, take a low form and loss of condition is only
slowly regained. Their natural timidity in health is often augmented
by disease ; they very readily lose heart, becoming indifferent or
oblivious to their surroundings in serious ailments ; (c) the difficulty
usually encountered in the administration of medicines.
If successful treatment is to be achieved, these facts must never
be lost sight of, everything calculated to frighten the patient should
be as far as possible avoided and every effort to conciliate and gain
his confidence employed in preference to any method of restraint to
effect one's purpose.
Restraint in any form increases his fears,
stimulates him to offer resistance and exhausts his energies. For
this reason it is advised that the details of treatment laid down by
the person in charge should be carried out under his personal
supervision through the agency of the oosis alone.
(1) Rest.—Whenever
any indication of ill-health, however
trivial, is observed, the first step in treatment is to rest the animal
and by rest is meant that except for gentle walking exercise if not
lame, the animal must be tethered and not allowed to travel or
work on any pretext whatever until such time as the person in
charge is satisfied that the animal is fit to do so.
(2) Shelter.—During
the hot season a cool and shady standing
must be selected. In the rains he must be kept out of the wet and
not exposed to cold winds. Should an animal show signs of chilli-
ness, some sort of covering should be thrown over him or massage
may be practised. Burmans, Karens and Shans usually employ this
latter method, which they perform with their hands and feet and
which appears to afford the patient comfort.
(3) Food.—All grain ration should be withheld.
In most
diseases the appetite is partially or wholly lost and it is therefore
164
A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS.
necessary to tempt the patient with some favourite fodder, small
quantities of which should be presented frequently, such as leaves
and boughs of favourite trees well-known to attendants, plantain
stems, bamboos, maize or millet stalks in or out of ear, sugarcane
or fruits such as pineapples, plantains, bael, green cocoanuts,
etc.,—in fact anything that he can be enticed to eat.
(4) Drink.—Unless the water-supply is in the immediate vicinity,
elephants should not be taken long distances to drink or bathe, but
arrangements must be made to carry this out near the standings.
It is always desirable to have a tubful of fresh clean water at the
standing as well. As much freshly made cold gruel as they will take-
should be offered in bucketsful. Gruel rapidly turns sour in this
country, hence it should not be made a long time before offering,
also every care should be taken that it is presented in clean vessels..
(5) Excretions.—The
dung must always be carefully examined
daily and especial attention paid to the early detection of parasites
which are often so small as to be easily overlooked. Many animals die
every year from want of attention to this important matter, parasites
often not being detected until the animal is passing them in thou-
sands, has serious diarrhoea, and has become so enfeebled as to render
treatment futile. The urine too must be daily examined and depar-
tures from health as mentioned under " Urinary system " reported.
(6) Standings.—Important
as it is under ordinary circumstances
to keep standings and surroundings in a thoroughly clean state, it
is still more necessary to do so during any sickness.
Offensive
gases emanate from collections of clung and litter, which are them-
selves unwholesome and these in addition attract flies, causing
annoyance to the sick creature as well as materially aiding in
the spread of infection. When disinfectants can be procured—and
there are many inexpensive ones on the market—they should be
freely used to purify standings. Once a week the sick animal
should be removed to a fresh standing if it is only 30 or 40 yards
distant. It is also a wise precaution to isolate all sick animals.
All animals suffering from wounds and abscesses should as much as
possible be kept on standings free from sand and dust, owing to the
habit elephants have of taking up dust and dirt in their trunks and
blowing it over abraded surfaces.
(7) Convalescence.—When
once an animal has regained a
certain amount of strength so that he is able to roam about, he should
be taken to suitable jungle, sufficiently fettered to prevent his being
lost and let loose. By this means an animal has the opportunity of
satisfying his own inclinations with regard to the nature, quality and
quantity of his food, and there is no method of treatment that will
advance and restore his.usual health and vigour with the same rapidity.