15
106. In one dachi, there was advanced cirrhosis of the liver; in the other,
this was not apparent, but there was dilatation of the 1st stomach which had
abnormally thin walls. The normal camel's liver, like that of the pig, has a con-
siderable amount of interlobular connective tissue and a cirrhosis of a fine character
may have been overlooked in some of the last year's cases ; but cirrhosis is-not
the first lesion of Wail. The extremely oedematous state of the muscles is
therefore the most constant feature of the cases I have seen. Examination of
the blood having revealed no parasite, careful observations with laboratory
facilities at hand are required before it can be decided whether Wail is a specific
disease or an infinitely slow process of debility due to the animal being reared
entirely on Lana, somewhat similar to that Which Gilruth (Veterinary journal,
July 1905) has seen in sheep from " Ragwort poisoning" in which there is also
an extremely slow cirrhosis of the liver. This work will be done at Sohawa as
soon as it is made possible.
107. I am not satisfied that the disease is incurable by common sense treat-
ment, i. e., long rest and change of grazing-ground, in cases where cirrhosis is not
advanced ; this is also to be tried.
108. In the first three paragraphs of my last report on Wail is an account of
its Occurrence to which I have little to add. Exactly similar accounts were given
to me by camel owners of the Thal far from the place of last year's enquiry ; and
the disease is certainly distinct from surra.
109. The Thal is partly in Mianwali district and partly in Khushab tehsil and
the grazing in the Wail-affected area is almost unmixed lana. This is the only
part of the Punjab in which camels are reared almost entirely on lana ; in most
other places, lana is considered excellent as an alterative, the camels being
sent on to the lana grounds about once or twice a week; many Salt Range
owners however will not allow their camels to touch it.
110. The water-supply of the Thal is from wells and tanks; the camels of
the country are the least likely to be affected with insect-borne disease, owing to
it's dryness and barrenness.
111. Poor condition and weediness is the normal state in Thal camels.. They
are unfit for Camel Corps, and are often found to have little work left in them if
bought " nesh " (i. e., 8 years old).
112. The strongyle which I thought at first was causal of the disease has
been identified by Raillet as Haemonchus longistipes; the specimens found in the
Wail cases were however less than half the normal size of Haemonchus longistipes
as it commonly occurs in camels.
113. Camel-pox and Gai-sujh.—Futher investigations made on these condi-
tions have been described in a short article published in Volume 4, No. 1 of Journal
of Tropical Veterinary Medicine.
114. Filariasis.—Much information has been obtained on this disease, and
will be published on the completion of certain observations.
115. Mange.—The experiments with crude oil emulsion at Mohand had
unfortunately to be interrupted as the application of the dressing was found to
keep off flies and interfered with the more impotent work on Surra. They have
been begun again at Sohawa and although not yet finished, it is clear that
although the emulsion has a curative action it is markedly inferior in efficiency
to the ordinary process of dressing with Taramira oil.
116. Echinococcus Cysts have been met with in the lungs of most camels
and often also in the liver and spleen. In every case a perfectly satisfactory reason
for the death or debility of the animal has been apparent other than the presence
of the hydatids, even when the latter were in large numbers. The camel in
tuberculosis and in suppuration of the lungs, shows such an extraordinary
tolerance to the destruction of large areas of the lungs that it is highly impro-
bable that the presence of hydatid cysts in the lungs have much debilitating
influence on the camel. The worst infected camel that I have yet examined
post-mortem was one in first class condition.