NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
21
50. II.—Alternative doses of Iodine and Soamin, with one day inter-
val between each :—
Camel No. 1.
1st day
3rd day
5th day
7th day
9th day
11th day
13th day
loth day
17th day
19th day
..100 c.c. of 2 % solution of iodine subcutaneously.
..100 c,c. of 5 % solution of soamin subcutaneously.
.. 100 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
.. 100 c.c. of 5 % solution of soamin subcutaneously.
.. 150 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
..100 c.c. of 5 % solution of soamin subcutaneously.
.. 200 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
..100 c.c. of 5 % solution of soamin subcutaneously.
.. 250 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
.. 100 c.c. of 5 % solution of soamin subcutaneously.
Remarks.—Iodine given subcutaneously produced large swellings and
finally suppuration. After the first dose, Iodine was given intravenously
instead of subcutaneously.
Result.—The camel died 9 days after the last dose of Soamin.
Camel No. 2.
1st day
3rd day
5th day
7 th day
9 th day
11th day
13th day
15th day
... 100 c.c. of 5 % solution of soamin subcntaueously.
... 100 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
... 100 c.c. of 5 % solution of soamin subcutaneously.
... 150 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
... 100 c.c. of 5 % solution of soainin subcutaneously.
... 200 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
... 100 c.c. of 5 % solution of soamin subcutancously.
... 250 c.c. of 1 % solution of-iodine intravenously.
Result.—The camel died 19 days after the last injection of Iodine,
without showing any return of trypanosomes.
Camel No. 3.
Received the same doses as camel No. 2.
Result.—Died within half an hour after the last injection of Iodine.
Camel No. 4.
Received the same doses as camel No. 2, except that the last dose
of Iodine was reduced to 200 c.c. of a 1 % solution.
Result.—Relapsed 4 days after the last dose of Iodine was given.
Conclusions.—Satisfactory results were not obtained with Iodine and
Soamin given alternately.
51. III.—Alternative doses of Iodine and Mercury perchloride with one
day interval between each dose :—
Camel No. 1.
1st day
3rd day
5th day
7 th day
9th day
11th day
13th day
15th day
17th day
19th day
... 50 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodinc intravenously.
... 10 c.c. of 1 % solution of mercury perchloride intravenously.
... 80 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
10 c.c. of 1 % solution of mercury perchloride intravenously
... 100 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
... 20 c.c. of 1 % solution of mercury perehloride intravenously.
... 120 c.c. of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
... 30 c.c. of 1 % solution of mercury perehloride intravenously.
... 130 c.c of 1 % solution of iodine intravenously.
... 50 cc. of 1 % solution of mercury perehloride intravenously.
Remarks.—The camel did very badly during the treatment, was fre-
quently off feed and lost condition.
Result.—Relapsed 14 days after the last dose of mercury perchloride.
22
Camel No. 2.
Received the same doses as camel No. 1.
Remarks.—The camel did very badly during treatment, was continually
off feed and lost condition.
Result.—Relapsed 16 days after treatment finished.
Conclusions.—Alternate doses of iodine and mercury perchloride gave
very unsatisfactory results.
EXPERIMENTS WITH OTHER DRUGS.
52. A variety of drugs were tried, none of which gave satisfactory
results. Up to the present the only drug that gives any satisfactory results is
arsenic and its derivatives.
Experiments with garlic juce and decoctions of the leaves of the wild
olive are being carried out.
THE COURSE THAT SURRA RUNS IN THE CAMEL.
53. While a great number of camelmen maintain that camels suffering
from surra never recover, a great number of camelmen, on the other hand,
maintain that a large number of camels do recover. To determine the coarse
of the disease 11 camels suffering from surra and in fair condition have been
obtained from Camel Corps. They are under daily blood examination, and a
daily record is kept of their temperature and of the presence or absence
of trypanosomes in the peripheral circulation, They are given good grazing,
6 lbs. of gram daily and as much bhoosa as they can eat. When green fodder
is available, this is given in place of bhoosa ; in other words, they are being
kept under the most favourable conditions. They are weighed periodically.
WEIGHT
No. of
camel.
1759
658
894
1653
714
1987
1959
1063
1061
2921
806
Ago.
10 years
7 „
6 „
10 „
7 „
9 „
9 „
9 „
11 „
10 „
9 „
IN MAUNDS.
10th November
1914
14
15
14
15
14
...
...
...
...
...
...
27th March 1915.
13½
15
13½
15½
13¼
14½
12
17½
15½
...
...
31st May 1915.
16½
16½
16
17½
17
16¼
14½
19
18
18½
19¼
7th July 1915.
16½
17½
15½
17¼
17
16¼
15
18¾
18
18¾
18½
10th
September 1915.
15½
17
14½
17¼
16½
14½
183
lb
17¼
18½
16
22nd October 1915.
3.5
16½
14
16
16½
14
13
17½
17
17¾
16¼
19th December 1915.
16½
17½
15
17
17
16¼
14
18¾
17¼
18
19
7th January 1916
16½
18
15
17
17
16
13
17½
17½
17½
19½
20th January 1916.
18
15½
17
17
16
13¼
18
17
17½
19½
21st February 1916.
16½
18
15
16½
16½
15½
13
18
17½
18
19½
REMARKS.
During cold weather
severe mange.
During cold weather
suppuration
of
prescapular glands.
During cold weather
severe mange.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
In addition to these camels 3—1 year old camels have been inoculated with surra.
11
12
13
1 year
1
„
1
„
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
... 7¼
6½
6
7
5½
6½
7
6
6⅓
7½
7
6
During cold weather
severe mange.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Seven camels belonging to a villager near Sohawa were diagnosed by me to be suffering from surra
on the 29th September 1913, of thees five have died.
23
THE COURSE THAT CAMEL SURRA RUNS IN PONIES.
54. Ponies Nos. 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with camel surra. Ponies
Nos. 1 and 2 were under 5 years of age whereas pony No. 3 was about 5 years
old.
55. Pony No. 1.—Inoculated with camel surra, 22nd September
1914 :—
Trypanosomes appeared,— 1st October 1914.
Last appearance of trypanosomes,—6th July 1915.
Died,—8th February 1916.
Number of days that trypanosomes were absent since their last ap-
pearance,—216 days (6th July 1915 to 8th February 1916).
Remarks.—At the commencement of the disease the paroxysms were
frequent ; they became gradually less frequent. On the 9th November 1915
the pony showed slight loss of control of the hind legs ; this continued till he
died. On the 11th January 1916 the pony was constipated—he was given
linseed oil which caused slight purgation. On the 27th January 1916 he was
again constipated ; he was again given a dose of linseed oil, which caused the
bowels to act. On 31st January 1916 cerebral symptoms developed : the pony
kept the head on one side, ate practically nothing and was incapable of opening
the jaws properly. On 1st February 1916 he started walking round in a circle
or took a few paces backwards and then in a circle. When attempting to drink
kept head on one side and ate very little.
On the 2nd February 1916 there was a discharge from the right nostril:
he continued going round in a circle falling down at intervals, till he died on
8th February 1916.
Post-mortem. Pus in the right frontal sinus.
This pony was in excellent condition on the 31st January 1916, the day
that cerebral symptoms developed.
56. Pony No. 2.—Inoculated with camel surra, lath October 1914 : —
Trypanosomes appeared,— 22nd October 1911.
Last appearance, -18th October 1915.
Died,—10th March 1916.
Number of days that trypanosomes were absent since their last
appearance,—144 days.
Remarks.—At the commencement of the disease the paroxysms wore
frequent ; they became gradually less frequent. On the 8th February 1916 the
pony showed signs of loss of control of the hind legs ; tnis continued till he
died.
On the 6th March 1916 was constipated given a dose of linseed oil
which caused the bowels to act.
On the evening of the 6th March 1916 brain symptoms developed :
commenced to walk round in a circle with head turned towards near side.
Was off feed. Continued to walk round in a. circle falling down at intervals,
till he died on the 10th March 1916.
Post-mortem.—Right frontal sinus contained a very bad smelling blood
coloured fluid. This pony was in excellent condition on the evening of the 6th
March 1916, four days before he died.
57. Pony No. 3.—Inoculated with camel surra on the 10th September
1915 :—
Trypanosomes appeared,—17th September 1915.
Died,—22nd October 1915.
Remarks.—The paroxysms were very frequent, the pony got weaker and
weaker, death taking place 36 days after the 1st appearance of trypanosomes.
24
58. Conclusions.— (1) Ponies are susceptible to camel surra.
(2) The course that the disease runs in old ponies and young is very
different. The same difference is noticed when old and young camels are inocu-
lated with surra. In the case of old camels death takes place rapidly, whereas
in camels 1 year old the disease does not run a rapid course. See paragraph 62.
(3) Surra may produce cerebral symptoms.
Cerebral symptoms are also seen at times in camels suffering from
surra : see paragraph 65.
(4) Pus in the sinuses may be produced from surra.
(5) Surra does not always cause emaciation.
GENERAL REMARKS.
59. Contrary to the results obtained by other investigators (who, as far
as I am aware, have never recorded cerebral symptoms nor pus in the sinuses
from surra), surra, does not always produce loss of condition. With regard to
the cerebral symptoms, many camels that developed surra at Chakdara last
year presented acute cerebral symptoms. In connection with pus in the sinu-
ses, I would draw attention to a disease amongst camels termed by natives
kapauli or chalian This disease is simply pus in the sinuses, and is the cause
of many deaths amongst camels. I am inclined to think that this disease is
clue to surra. I might also mention that amongst camels suffering from surra
enlargement and suppuration of the inquinal and prescapular glands is very
common. These experiments will have to bo repeated on a much larger scale
to confirm the above results.
THE COURSE THAT CAMEL SURRA RUNS IN THE GOAT.
60. Two goats were inoculated with camel surra on 15th November
1915.
Goat No. 1—Died, from coenurus cerebralis, on 24th March 1916. The
blood was daily examined but no trypanosomes were observed. On the 14th
March 1916, two rabbits and two guinea pigs were inoculated with 1 c. c. of
blood subcut. direct from this goat, Of the two rabbits one developed surra
and of the 2 guinea pigs both developed surra.
Goat No. 2. This goat is still alive and up to the present, (March 31st
1916), has shown no trypanosomes in the peripheral circulation.
Two rabbits and one guinea pig were inoculated subcut on the 14th
March 1916 with 1 c. c of blood direct from the goat, both the rabbits and
guinea pigs developed surra.
Conclusions.—Although no trypanosomes could be observed in the peri-
pheral circulation of either goat the blood is infective. When 1 c. c. of blood
was injected (126 days after the goats were inoculated with camel surra) into
rabbits and guinea pigs these animals developed Surra.
THE COURSE THAT CAMEL SURRA RUNS IN SHEEP.
61. Three sheep were inoculated with blood from a camel suffering
from surra.
In two sheep trypanosomes appeared in the peripheral circulation after a
period of incubation of 10 days ; in the third sheep trypanosomes appeared after
a period of incubation of 11 days. The paroxysm lasted 2 to 4 days. The
blood of each sheep was daily examined for 115 days but no trypanosomes were
again observed. After 115 days the sheep were destroyed -the condition was
fair.
Through an oversight rabbits and guinea pigs were not inoculated with
blood from these sheep.
27
70. Anti-anthrax serum could not be recommended, as we at present
do not know what dose of serum, prepared from cattle horses or donkeys, a
camel will stand ; neither do we know what amount of serum is necessary to
give protection in the camel. (This will be investigated next year.)
Remarks—(1) No post-mortem should be made on camels that die from
suspected anthrax.
(2) Smears of blood from the ear should be made and submitted for ex-
amination.
(3) The carcases should be burnt.
(4) The gear and places where death occurred should be thoroughly
disinfected.
(5) Considering that thousands of tons of bones are shipped every year
from Karachi, every effort should be made to determine the cause of death in
every case of sudden death, to avoid hides and bones from Anthrax cases being
shipped to England or other countries.
DISEASE AMONGST CAMELS IN BHERA TAHSIL.
71. While touring in Chakwal Tahsil this year, I was informed that a
large number of camels had died in Bhera Tahsil during the hot weathers of
1914 and 1915. From inquiries that I made, I ascertained that some hundreds
of camels had died from a disease that camelmen were unfamiliar with. So
far, the disease has not made its appearance in the district this year. Several
camelmen were seen regarding the disease. The disease was new to them.
The main symptoms were as follows :—
The camel was off feed, began to shiver, then suddenly became mad,
and ran away. After running a considerable distance dropped down and died.
If tied up, when first noticed to be sick, he struggled violently before death
took place. Death usually took place in 12 hours to 2 days.
This disease may possible be the " mad " form of surra, or a form of
anthrax. In order to enable me to investigate such outbreaks of disease
amongst camels I would suggest that instructions be issued to Tahsildars to
send a report every month regarding any deaths occurring amongst camels in
their tahsils to this office.
72. Veterinary Assistant Kalian Singh has been promoted to the po3t
of Veterinary Inspector. He has worked well through out the year.
Veterinary Assistant Abdulla Khan was appointed to the post of
Veterinary Assistant.
Abdul Khalik has been appointed Laboratory Attendant.
The Office work has been satisfactorily carried out by Babu Sham
Shanker.
73. Statement of expenditure incurred by the Office of the Camel
Specialist during the year 1915.-16.
Sub-heads of the budget.
Salaries of officers
Pay of establishment ...
...
Travelling allowance of
officers
Travelling allowance of Establishment
Supplies, etc. (chemical and apparatus)
Contingencies
Purchase and stable feed and keep of animal ...
Total
Amount.
Rs.
10,731
1,837
1,942
945
926
3,678
6,599
26,661
A.
15
2
9
11
4
5 1
15
15
P.
4
3
0
3
1
1
9
7
H. E. CROSS, I.C.V.D., M.R.C.V.S., D.V.H., A.Sc.,
Camel Specialist.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CAMEL SPECIALIST
For the year 1916-17.
Lahore :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERITENDENT
GOVERNMENT
PRINTED,
PUNJAB.
1917.
Price : Re. 0.3-0 or 3d.
Annual Report of the Camel Specialist
for the year 1916-17.
Revised List of Agents for the sale of Punjab Government Publications.
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.
CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street,
Leicester Square, London, W. C.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & Co.,
Limited, 68-74, Carter Lane, E. C,
and 25, Museum Street, London,
W. C.
BERNARD QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street,
New Bond Street, London, W.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Limited, No. 1,
Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C.
P. S. KING & SON, 2 & 4, Great
Smith Street, Westminster, London,
S.W.
H. S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, and 9,
Pall Mall, London.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street,
London, S. W.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane,
London, E. C.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street,
London, W. C.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 and 57, Broad
Street, Oxford.
DEIGHTON BELL & Co., Limited, Cam-
bridge.
OLIVE,
Tweeddale Court,
Edinburgh.
E. PONSONBY, Limited, 116, Grafton
Street, Dublin.
WILLIAM WESLEY & Sox, 28, Esses
Street, Strand, London.
ON THE CONTINENT.
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte,
Paris, France.
MARTINUS NIJHOF, The Hague, Hol-
land.
IN INDIA.
A. CHAND & Co., Imperial Book Depôt
Office, Delhi.
GULAN SINGH & SONS, Mufid-i-'Am
Press, Lahore.
MANAGER, Punjab Law Book Depôt,
Anarkali Bazar, Lahore.
S. MUMTAZ ALI & SON, Rafah-i-'Am
Press, Lahore (for vernacular publi-
cations only).
RAMA KRISHNA & SONS, Book-Sellers
and News Agents, Anarkali Street,
Lahore.
N. B. MATHUR, Superintendent and
Proprietor, Nazir Kanun Hind Press,
Allahabad.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Co.,
Bombay.
THACKER SPINK & Co., Calcutta and
Simla.
NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
R. CAMBRAY & Co., Calcutta.
THACKER & Co., Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAMS, Limited, Madras.
T.FISHER UNWIN, Calcutta.
V. KALYANARAM IYER & Co., 189,
Esplanade Bow, Madras.
G. A. NATESAN & Co., Madras.
SUPERINTENDENT, AMERICAN BAPTIST
MISSION PRESS, RANGOON.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CAMEL SPECIALIST
For the year 1916-17.
Lahore :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, PUNJAB.
1917.
No. 643 S. (Rev. & Agri.—Genl.).
FROM
THE HON'BLE MR. H. D. CRAIK, I.C.S.,
Revenue Secretary to Government,
Punjab and its Dependencies,
To
THE DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE AND
INDUSTRIES, PUNJAB.
Dated Simla, the 3lst May 1917.
Revenue and Agriculture.
General.
SIR,
I AM directed to acknowledge the receipt of the Annual Report of the
Camel Specialist for the year 1915-16, forwarded with your letter No. 1395
dated 18th May 1917.
I have, &c.,
J. G. BEAZLEY,
UNDER-SECRETARY, REVENUE DEPT.,
for Revenue Secretary to Government, Punjab.
No. 1395.
FROM
THE HON'BLE MR. C. A. H. TOWNSEND, I.C.S.,
Director of Agriculture and Industries, Punjab,
To
THE REVENUE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT, PUNJAB.
Dated Lahore, 25th April 1917.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to forward the annual report of the Camel Specialist.
It is shorter than its predecessors for the reasons given in paragraphs 5 and 6
of the report.
2. Mr. Cross has worked very hard during the year, and takes much
interest in his work. Paragraph 16 of the report is particularly interesting :
by the success of his treatment of the surra-infected camels in question Mr.
Cross saved Government a large amount of money.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient Servant,
C. A. H. TOWNSEND,
Director of Agriculture and Industries, Punjab.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CAMEL SPECIALIST
For the year 1916-17.
I held charge of the office of the Camel Specialist throughout the year.
There were no changes in the staff.
2. I travelled 11,499 miles by rail and 2,883 miles by road.
3. Three hundred and ninety-three animals belonging to private owners
were treated for different diseases.
4. Nine hundred and thirty-five specimens were sent to this office for
examination and the result of the examination reported to those concerned.
5. In compliance with the orders of the Government of India no statis-
tics regarding military camels are being given in this report but the mortality
returns according to instructions, have been forwarded to the Principal Veteri-
nary Officer, so that the statistics can be published in the report of the Army
Veterinary Service.
8. In compliance with the orders of the Government of India details of
experiments are being omitted from this report.
The following reports of experiments have been sent for publication in
bulletin form by the Imperial Department of Agriculture :—
(1) A note on jhooling.
(2) Anti-fly emulsions for the protection of camels against the attacks
of blood sucking flies.
(3) Susceptibility of camels to rinderpest, hæmorrhagic septicæmia
and blackquarter.
(4) Feeding experiments in camels.
A note on the "action of purgatives on the camel " was printed and dis-
tributed by the Director of Agriculture, Punjab.
7. A large number of inspections of military camels were made at the
request of the military authorities.
8. A large number of camels and camelmen were obtained for camel
purchasing and recruiting officers.
9. In compliance with the military authorities' request for men, with
some experience of the diseases of camels, Abdul Khaliq, Laboratory Attendant,
and Fakir Chand, Muhammad Zaman and Rajwali Khan who acted as dressers
in this office, were sent to military duty and given the posts of temporary
Veterinary Assistants in the Camel Corps.
10. Three Veterinary Assistants underwent a short course of training
during the year.
11. The following conclusions have been arrived at regarding the
susceptibility of camels to rinderpest, blackquarter and hæmorrhagic septi-
cæmia : —
Rinderpest.—Camels are—
(1) more susceptible to rinderpest than are cattle in the Jhelum Dis-
trict,
2
(2) Though they may have very acute rinderpest lesions they re-
cover.
(3) They present similar symptoms as are seen in cattle.
Blackquarter.—Camels are —
(1) as susceptible to blackquarter as are cattle.
(2) They present similar symptoms as are met with in cattle,
Hæmorrliagic Septicæmia.—Camels are not susceptible to hæmorrhagic
septicæmia.
12. Jhooling.—Excision of the lesions and three applications of powder-
ed potassium permangate at intervals of about four days has been found to give
excellent results. The potassium permangate must be well rubbed into the
wound and not simply sprinkled on.
13. Experiments with Wail and Kumree are being continued.
14. Daily small doses of magnesium sulphate and potassium nitrate
has been found to give excellent results in a form of contagious catarrh or
influenza, called by natives "zehmat." Daily doses of soda hyosulphite has
also been found to act beneficially in this disease.
15. Surra.—Experiments regarding—
(1) the course that surra runs in the camel,
(2) the difference between camel surra and horse surra,
(3) the curative treatment of surra by means of drugs, and
(4) the preparation of a curative serum,
are being carried out.
Though it is too early to be able to draw any definite conclusions, it
would appear that—
(1) there is a great difference between the course that surra runs in
animals when the disease is—
(a) naturally acquired, and
(b) when the animal is infected with surra by artificial inocula-
tion ; and
(2) there appears to be a possibility of producing immunity in camels
against the disease.
16. Treatment of surra.—Camels suffering from surra have been treat-
ed by the methods suggested by me, by Captain Lucas, Officer in charge of
the Supply and Transport, Derajat Brigade, Dera Ismail Khan, and by Major
G. H. Davis, Commandant of the 51st Silladar Camel Corps,
Besides the treatment of the camels of the Local Transport, Captain
Lucas also treated camels of the 57th Silladar Camel Corps.
The above officers have furnished the following report:—
(1) Camels of the 57th Silladar Camel Corps.
Treated for surra
Died while under treatment
...
Destroyed for old age and debility
Cured
65
5
3
57
Out of 57 cured six were treated twice.
(2) Camels of the Local Transport.
Treated for surra
Died while under treatment
Cured
...
...
...
139
39
100
Out of 100 cured 53 were treated twice.
3
(3) Jemadar Veterinary Assistant Ghazanfar Ali of the Local Transport
also undertook to cure 2 camels of the Frontier Constabulary and 2 Police
Chanda camels with satisfactory results.
(4) Camels of the 51st Silladar Camel Corps;
Treated for surra
...
Cured
...
...
137
99
Veterinary Jemadar Ghazanfar Ali and Veterinary Jemadar Abdulla
Khan deserve great credit for carrying out the work, which must have been
exceedingly trying during the hot weather in such places as Dera Ismail Khan
and Bannu.
17. Veterinary Inspector Kahan Singh and Veterinary Assistant
Abdulla Khan have worked excellently throughout the year, and Babu Sham
Skanker has carried out the office work very satisfactorily.
18. Statement of expenditure incurred by the office of the Camel
Specialist during the official year 1916-17.
Sub-heads of the budget.
Salaries and travelling allowance of officers
.........
Pay and travelling allowance of establishment......
Supplies, etc. (chemical and apparatus)
.........
Contingencies
...
...
.........
Purchase and stable feed and keep of animals
Total ...
Amount.
Rs.
14,623
4,468
1,216
3,531
6,744
30,584
A.
4
11
0
2
15
2
P.
4
3
1
9
10
3
H. E. CROSS, I.C.V.D., M.K.C.V.S., D.V.H., A.Sc,
The 21st April 1917.
Camel Specialist.,
DA—472—17-5-17—SGPP Lahore.
ANNUAL REPORTS
OF THE
CAMEL SPECIALIST
For the years 192 7-18 and 1918-19.
Lahore :
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, PUNJAB.
1920.
Price : Re. 0-2-0.
Annual Reports of the Camel Specialist
for the years 1917-18 and 1918-19.