8
On the road below Tret from mile 24 to 21, Tabanus is fairly numerous
from the beginning of the monsoon rains to the middle of September. This
also applies to the jungle on each side of this part of the road.
From mile 21 to Rawalpindi the Tabanus is so scanty that this part of the
road cannot be considered a Surra-zone.
Pelow Sunnybank therefore Tabanus is only numerous below Tret from
mile 24 to mile 21 ; the only tonga Chauki in this zone is at mile 22 and the
place where the stables happen to be situated is one of the safest situations in
the Tabanns-area, and where it is not very easy to find the fly. The common
Tabanus in the rains in the area is the same species as the common one on the
Deg in Lahore district. They are not apparently so numerous as in similar
(hill-road) Surra-zones, e.g., Mohand pass, but quite numerous enough to account
for a considerable number of new cases in camels grazing in this jungle or
marching through in the company of a fair proportion of camels with undiag-
nosed Surra.
34. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE AND CAMEL-POX. —Regarding the supposed
foot and mouth outbreak in some camels in Rhodesia in 1903, I received on
application, through the kindness of J. M. Christy, Esq., M. R. C. V. S.,
Transvaal Department of Agriculture, copies of all the reports made on the
subject at the time.
The symptoms as described are exactly those of camel-pox and it is
noteworthy that one of the Veterinary Surgeons although unacquainted with
camels at once noted the resemblance of the symptoms to Variola and did not
agree with the diagnosis of foot and mouth disease.
Camel-pox, common enough in young camels, is only occasionally found as
an epizootic in adults ; one outbreak involving 24 adults has been met with by
me in August 1909, and my Assistant, Ata Mohamed, saw a similar one in
Umbala in 1902.
I think it may be said that there is no remaining evidence of foot and
mouth disease having occurred naturally in the camel.
35. JHOOLING (JHOOLAK).—By the somewhat crude process of rubbing the
freshly shed slough of a Jhoolak lesion on the skin of healthy camels until the
epidermis of the part had been almost rubbed through, I have succeeded twice
out of three times in transmitting the disease by inoculation, the successful
cases showing typical Jhooling lesions.
The period between the inoculation and the beginning of the slough of the
necrosed skin was about 10 or 12 days.
There is little doubt that the disease is transmitted naturally in a similarway.
When one camel gets a lesion on the under side of his neck he soon
transmits it to the croup of the camel in front, on which he rubs ; an outbreak
of Jhooling occurred in my Surra camels from this cause, the lesions being
chiefly on the croup and the under side of the neck.
From this it seems that isolation and not merely segregation is advisable
for affected cases; a camel with Jhoolak in one place sometimes gets re-
inoculated in another place by one of the other patients, thus delaying return
to health.
One case of untreated Jhooling resulted in septicaemia.
36. SPECIFIC PERITONITIS.—This is a provisional name for a disease which
I met with in Montgomery district on 9th September 1909, in some sick camels
brought to my notice by Khuda Buksh, Veterinary Duffadar of 56th Camel
Corps. My tour of grazing grounds being stopped by floods, I decided to take
the opportunity of investigating the disease although I had little or no
apparatus with me at the time. Although its investigation is only at an early
stage, the occurrence of the disease must be recorded.
The following notes are the result of personal observation on the course of
the disease in 5 camels, and also of one post mortem examination performed by
myself immediately after the death of a case ; and were checked by post mortems
made several hours after the death in each case by a Veterinary Graduate sent
afterwards from Sohawa, who brought back specimens of lesions he found, and
by Khuda Buksh, both of whom also kept more sick camels under observation.