NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
70
DHURRUMGAUM.
Operations performed by Mr. Apothecary W. WAITE, Khandeish Bheel Corps.
Population
No Cost.
Years.
1868
1869-70
Total
Vaccinated.
108
167
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
...........
59
Decrease.
...........
...........
Successfully
Vaccinated.
92
165
Percentage
of Success.
85.4
98.8
Vaccination was without much difficulty carried on throughout the year, and
with, I am happy to say, far greater success than during the preceding year. 167
children, of ages varying from four months to three years, were vaccinated. Of these,
162 were of the Bheel corps, and 5 of followers. 165 cases proved successful, and only 2
unsuccessful; these latter being again vaccinated until the operation proved success-
ful. The number of unsuccessful cases to successful, as shown, is very small com-
pared with previous years, being only 1.2 per cent. The unsuccessful cases, it was
noticed, occurred in children above one year of age rubbing and scratching their arms
and breaking the vesicles before they arrived at maturity. On one occasion only
during the year (in the month of November) was I necessitated to apply to the Native
Vaccinator at Nusseerabad for a supply of lymph, and which he very readily supplied
me with (sent on glasses). The lymph appeared very good and healthy, and vaccina-
tion was recommenced at the beginning of December. During eleven months of the year,
from April to October and December 1869, and from January to March 1870, a fresh
supply of lymph was continually kept up, and vaccination was propagated from one
child to another, which accounts for the very small number of failures. In one instance
only, as above remarked, did the supply of lymph in the Hospital run short. Vac-
cination is still practised once a week amongst the children of the corps and followers,
the operation being at all times carefully performed by myself.
2. It is most pleasing to have to note again during another year the entire
absence of small-pox amongst the children of the corps, and that only a few mild cases
appeared in the town of Dhurrumgaum.
No fatal cases were reported as having occurred.
71
KARWAR.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon S. B.
HALI DAY (Acting).
Population 9,975. Total cost, Rs. 154. Average cost of each vaccination,
3 annas and 4 pies.
Years.
1868.....................
1869-71 .........
Total
Vaccinated.
362
733
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
.........
371
Decrease.
.........
.........
Successfully
Vaccinated.
306
601
Percentage of
Success,
excluding
Unknown.
.........
86.0
The total number vaccinated during the year 1869-70 is 733, being 371 more
than in the previous year. Of this total number, 100 only were under one year of age,
and 633 over that age. The small number under one year is accounted for by the very
great prejudice the natives have against vaccinating a child under one year of age;
after that age they readily submit, but do not seem anxious, to have the operation
performed, except when small-pox prevails, and then they become anxious to have it
done.
Station Vaccinator Simon Gonsalves (General No. 329) is paid entirely by
Government, and I allow one of the Hospital Peons to assist him.
The increase I consider fair and satisfactory, and shows that the natives are
getting more faith in the operation. The lymph has been good and in sufficient
quantity during the year.
The conduct of the Vaccinator has been satisfactory. I cannot suggest any
improvement over the present system.
Small-pox is rare here ; 9 persons were attacked lately, and of this number 2 died
and 7 recovered. The two fatal cases were not vaccinated ; 2 also of the cases which
recovered were not vaccinated, and those suffered more severely than the vaccinated.
The disease then disappeared, and no measures were necessary to arrest it,
72
SATTARA.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon H. V. CARTER,
M.D.
Population 22,949. Total cost, Rs. 305. Average cost of each vaccination,
2 annas and 4 pies.
Years.
1868
..................
1869-70...............
Total
Vaccinated.
3,177
2,033
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
.........
.........
Decrease.
.........
1,139
Successfully
Vaccinated.
2,825
1,831
Percentage
of Success,
excluding
Unknown.
.........
98.2
The above table shows a diminution in the number of vaccinations at this station,
as compared with the previous year, but not with other former years. The cause of
decrease may be referred to the great prevalence of cholera in 1869 : for experience
has shown that this fell disease has a paralyzing and distracting effect upon the people,
highly unfavourable to the progress of vaccination ; families are both unwilling to move,
and are strongly disinclined to vaccination, during the prevalence of this epidemic. Such
considerations, I am assured, amply account for the falling off in the number above
shown; and I believe there is generally no opposition offered to Vaccinator's work,
but, on the contrary, a satisfactory appreciation of its benefits. It should be added
that small-pox widely prevailed during the early part of the year under report, and
had not the dread occasioned by cholera co-existed, it is probable that no decrease
would have occurred, as vaccination was proceeding steadily in April (in which month
no fewer than 837 children were vaccinated) ; but afterwards the monthly number
diminished two-thirds, and then suddenly fell to 97 in June.
2. The lymph employed here continues to be good and efficient; in the
month of September, as it appeared to give less satisfactory results than usual, a
fresh supply was obtained in tubes from the Circle Superintendent, but it did not
take well, and with the subsidence of the rainy season the original lymph much im-
proved. Perhaps this fact may serve to show the unabated efficiency of Jennerian
vaccine, which the advocates of animal vaccine (so called) are disposed to doubt.
The percentage of success, 89.8, is slightly over that in 1868, which stood at 88.9.
3. The Vaccinator has continued to conduct his work so well, that any addition
to his pay, by way of batta, for district work, would be merited ; and it does not seem
clear why he should not have the benefit of rank by service as well as Hospital
Assistants and District Vaccinators.
4. Referring to the subject named in paragraph 2 of Circular No. 4442, dated 9th
December 1869, by the Inspector General, Medical Department, and subsequent
73
instructions, (a) and (b) are shown in the attached return. Total cost as last year,
Rs. 305 per annum paid by Government only ; finally (d) the average cost of each
vaccination amounted to annas two and pies four, being an increase on that of the
previous year, owing to the smaller number actually vaccinated.
BELGAUM.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon Major G. G.
MAITLAND, F.R.C.S.
Population 35,973. Total cost, Rs. 156. Average cost of each vaccination, 3
annas and 11 pies.
Years.
1868...............
1869-70............
Total
Vaccinated.
578
627
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increaase.
......
51
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
566
611
Percentage
of Success.
......
97.4
Vaccination has been carried on by the Station Vaccinator uninterruptedly
throughout the year.
The number vaccinated is in advance of that of the previous year by 51, and it
is hoped that now the Vaccinator has a Peon permanently attached to him, he will be
able to show a greater increase of numbers vaccinated than in former years.
In addition to the number above shown, the Vaccinator was engaged in carrying
on operations in the Cantonment Bazaar and Ordnance Lascars' Lines. In the former
95 children were vaccinated, and in the Lines 21 ; total 121. Of these all were
reported successful.
The vaccine lymph has been uniformly good, and the percentage of successful
vaccinations is 97.4. The success, however, I ascribe, in great measure, to the practice
here adopted, of carrying on arm-to arm vaccination, and not trusting to the dry
vaccine virus, which in certain seasons, and however carefully preserved, very often
fails in its results.
The Vaccinator is an old and experienced operator, and I have every reason to
be satisfied with the work performed, and to the trustworthiness of his returns.
Small-pox in a modified form was somewhat prevalent in the town, Cantonment Bazaar,
and Lascars' Lines during the month of April 1869. Of the 23 cases reported within
the Military limits, 15 were adults and 8 were children. All the persons attacked had
been previously vaccinated, and all made a favourable recovery. Of the few cases
among the Ordnance lascars that came under my own observation, the disease appeared
in a very mild form, and speedily recovered.
10 v s
74
DHARWAR.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon M. M. MACKENZIE,
Population 30,000. Total cost, Rs. 120. Average cost of each vaccination,
2 annas and 3 pies.
Years.
1868............
1869-70.........
Total
Vaccinated.
661
835
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
.........
174
Decrease.
.........
.........
Successfully
Vaccinated.
536
718
Percentage
of Success.
.........
85.9
The accompanying vaccination return for the past official year shows an increase
of 174 over that of the preceding year, there having been 835 operated upon as
compared to 661 in 1868; of these 835, 718 were successful, giving a percentage of
86, as compared to 81.1 of the preceding year. The greatest number of monthly
vaccinations occurred respectively in May, March, February, January, December,
November, and June.
Sex and Age.—Under this head 430 males and 405 females: 226 were under
1 year and 569 above that period.
Caste.—Hindoos, 550, form the greater majority, followed by Mussulmans 268,
15 Christians, and 2 Parsees.
Cost.—The total cost of vaccination was Rs. 120, giving thus annas 2 and pies 3
to each vaccination, or 7 pies less than that of 1868. These expenses are paid by
Government, as also a yearly supply of two lancets, and Maratha, Canarese, and
English forms.
The percentage of vaccination to population stood at 2.7, a slight increase over
that of the preceding year. I have every reason to be perfectly satisfied with the
assistance given by the Civil Authorities.
The supply and quality of lymph has always been fully kept up ; at various
times supplies have been called for and given to Kolapoor State, Superintendent
of Vaccination Southern Circle, and Regimental Hospital at Dharwar.
Small-pox in the Dharwar districts.
According to the monthly report forwarded by the Collector's Department, I
am glad to be able to state that there has been a great falling off in the number of
small-pox cases in the Dharwar Collectorate. While the year 1868-69 gave a total
of 1,467, that for 1869-70 gave only 614, or a reduction of 853 cases: the monthly
report for March has, however, not yet been received. The greater number of small-
pox cases occurred in the months of April, May, June, and July, giving respectively
75
162, 112, 97, and 68 ; there has been a steady decrease towards the latter months of
the year, November and December presenting only 16.
The late Vaccinator, Shewana, had for along time been consumptive, and, although
a good, conscientious man, was unable latterly to overtake his work. He died in Decem-
ber 1868, and was succeeded by the present Vaccinator, Appana bin Teepuna, a good,
steady, and zealous youth, who, I am glad to report, has been increasing the numbers
and success of vaccination cases.
TANNA.
One Municipal Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon W. C.
KIERNANDER.
(Acting).
Population, 10,581. Total cost, Rs. 246. Average cost of each vaccination,
10 annas and 9 pies.
Years.
1868..................
1869-70............
Total
Vaccinated.
232
324
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
92
Decrease
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
191
300
Percentage
of Success.
82.3
92.5
Vaccination was carried on throughout the year in the town of Tanna, with the
above, I think, very satisfactory results. They include 49 cases that were vaccinated in
the neighbouring villages, as will be seen from the following return for the year.
The Vaccinator's name is Pandoo Ram Sawunth. He is paid by the Municipality,
and his salary has been increased from Rs. 11 to Rs. 20 a month; he has also
been allowed, he tells me, to spend Rs. 6 and annas 5 in presents to the children, and
their mothers who allow lymph to be taken. The total cost, therefore, to the Muni-
cipality has been Rs. 246 (no Peon is paid by the Municipality). Each vaccination
cost 10 annas and 9 pies. I have not seen a single case of small-pox during the year
I have been here, nor has any case been reported to me. The lymph was good, and
I found no difficulty in keeping up a regular supply. The Vaccinator behaved well
during the year, and is a willing and hard-working man. I have found no difficulty
in inducing people, who have at first refused, to allow their children to be vaccinated,
by quietly pointing out its benefits, and the dangers likely to accrue to the whole
family and neighbourhood if such a pestilence as small-pox once breaks out amongst
them. I have seen every case operated on by the Vaccinator in the town, and have
vaccinated a few myself, and have no doubt that the confidence engendered in the
parents of those already vaccinated will give us a large increase of numbers in 1870-71.
76
RUTNAGHERRY.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon C. JOYNT, M.D.
Population, 20,789. Total cost, Rs. 229. Average cost of each successful vacci-
nation, 3 annas and 1 pie.
Years.
1868..................
1869-70.........
Total
Vaccinated.
1,342
1,183
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
Decrease.
......
154
Successfully
Vaccinated.
1,080
847
Percentage
of Success,
excluding
Unknown.
......
72.2
There is a decrease in the number vaccinated as compared, with the year 1868,
and the percentage of success is considerably less also. This was owing to the variable
quality of the lymph used till January, in which month it was so bad that eighty-two
operations (all that were performed) failed. A new supply of good lymph was obtained
from the Circle Superintendent in February, and the operations have been fairly
successful since. The progress of vaccination in Rutnagherry is slow, and the reluc-
tance of some of the people to its extension considerable ; and this reluctance is to some
extent attributable to the unsuccessful result of the operations, people naturally dislik-
ing the trouble of having their children operated on when the operation proves of no
use. The lymph was variable during the earlier months of the year, becoming worse
towards the end of 1869, and very bad in January, when every operation failed; it
was good in February and March. The conduct of the Vaccinator has greatly improved
in the last three months. Any improvement that may be deemed practicable will be
adopted, and the Writer is attentive to the matter. Small-pox has been prevalent
in the neighbourbood during the greater part of the year, and has had the effect of
causing a greater demand for vaccination than previously obtained.
VINGORLA.
Operations performed by the Medical Pupils under Mr. Apothecary MUNDAY,S
supervision.
Population, 10,000. No Cost.
Years.
1868...............
1869-70
.........
Total
Vaccinated.
382
296
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
Decrease.
......
86
Successfully
Vaccinated.
358
275
Percentage of
Success,
excluding
Unknown.
......
95.8
77
Vaccination has been performed by the Native Medical pupils attached to the
Civil Hospital, and under the supervision of the Apothecary in Medical charge of the
Station of Vingorla.
2. A decrease of eighty-six in the total number vaccinated, as compared with the
previous year, is owing to the vaccination being stopped in July, in consecquence of
Cholera being amongst the inhabitants, and those children that had been vaccinated
in the end of June having left the place, fearing the Cholera that was in the vicinity of
their houses. Lymph was obtained from Sawunt Warree early in August, which proved
good, and vaccination has been kept up since with considerable difficulty, the inhabit-
ants not caring about it. Notwithstanding the Chief Constable giving all the assistance
in his power, and the operations performed at the dwellings of the people, it is with
difficulty that sufficient numbers can be procured : the parents hide the children when
they see any one approaching for the purpose of vaccinating. There being no Native
Vaccinator's Peon here to procure children, a considerable amount of trouble is
experienced.
3. Progress does not appear to have been made during the year.
4. The lymph has been good throughout; in many cases the vesicles have been
found broken by the parents, to prevent its being taken to vaccinate others.
5. Improvements might be made, and the numbers increased, if a Native
Vaccinator or Peon resided here for the purpose of collecting children.
6. No cases of small-pox occurred during the year.
DAPOOLEE.
Operations performed by Honorary Assistant Surgeon A. POLLARD in charge
Civil Hospital.
Population, 6,000. No Cost.
Years.
1868...............
1869............
Total
Vaccinated.
252
348
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
.........
96
Decrease.
.........
.........
Successfully
Vaccinated.
228
288
Percentage
of Success.
90.5
82.8
During the year 1869-70 there were 348 children vaccinated, varying in age from
three months to ten years. Compared with the preceding year this shows an increase of
96, and if compared with the year 1867 an increase of 225 vaccinations; thus showing
that the prejudice entertained by the population against this operation being performed
78
on their children is rapidly giving away before the known benefits derived : in fact, the
people now seem to look upon it in its proper light, and believe it to be a preventive
of small-pox, or, if the disease should be contracted after vaccination, they believe that
it will appear in a very modified form. Of the children operated on, 202 were males
and 140 females,—1 Christian, 319 Hindoos, and 28 Mussulman ; 72 were under 1 year
and 276 above that age; 288 were successful, 18 unsuccessful,and 42 doubtful. The
lymph was generally good, but it appeared after the lapse of time to deteriorate. When
such was the case a fresh supply was applied for. The unsuccessful and doubtful cases
cannot be attributed to bad lymph, as other children vaccinated from the same virus
produced genuine and excellent vesicles. On the whole, I consider that vaccination
has been very successful. Vaccination has been carried on almost all the year, with
the exception of short intervals in the months of June and July, and again in August
and September. In the latter part of December a few cases of small-pox occurred in
the camp at Dapoolee, about eight altogether. Upon inquiry, I found that, with the excep-
tion of two very young children attacked, all had been vaccinated : they were all of a
modified character, and no death occurred. The disease has raged a good deal the
last three months in the Dapoolee District, particularly at Bankote and Muddunghur,
which are situated to the north-east and about 20 or 25 miles from Dapoolee. Some
deaths have taken place, but, I believe, it has now almost ceased. The native District
Vaccinator has been employed there since its first outbreak.
ALIBAUGH.
Operations performed by Sub-Assistant Surgeon PEREIRA, in charge Dispensary.
Population, 4,704. No cost.
Years.
1868...............
1869-70
............
Total
Vaccinated.
335
161
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
.........
.........
Decrease.
.........
174
Successfully
Vaccinated.
263
136
Percentage
of Success.
90.0
84.4
The above number of children were vaccinated by me either at the Hospital,
in the town, or the neighbouring villages. The services of a Peon were allowed me
by the Civil Authority when necessary. The number of vaccinations performed this
year is less than the preceding year, as vaccination had suffered a temporary cessation
during the last monsoon, on account of the prevalence of cholera in the town and its
vicinity. The parents could not be persuaded to bring their children for vaccination
under such circumstances. The advantages resulting from the practice of vaccination
is tolerably well understood and appreciated by the people, except the Kolee section,
79
The quality of the lymph made use of during the year was good. The vesicles were
of normal size and appearance, and passed regularly through their various phases.
The want of lymph sometimes felt, owing to parents objecting to its being taken
from the vesicles, but it was soon supplied by the Superintendent of the Circle.
Small-pox prevailed to a certain extent in the town, especially among the Kolees, or
fishermen, who entertain strong prejudices against the practice of vaccination, and
never allow their children to be vaccinated.
SURAT.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon H. J. GANE,
(Acting).
Population, 90,000. Total cost, Rs. 264. Average cost of each vaccination,
2 annas and 6 pies.
Years.
1868...............
1869-70
.........
Total
Vaccinated.
2,840
1,680
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
Decrease.
......
1,160
Successfully
Vaccinated.
2,390
1,523
Percentage
of Success,
excluding
Unknown.
......
96.7
The population of Surat is estimated at 90,000. During the past official year one
thousand six hundred and eighty children have been vaccinated by the Native Vacci-
nator (under my supervision), being a decrease of one thousand one hundred and sixty
compared with the previous year. The decrease is to be attributed to the circumstance
that small-pox did not prevail during the year: consequently the natives were not so
ready to bring their children for vaccination.
Results.—One thousand five hundred and twenty-three cases were successful,
fifty-two were unsuccessful, and one hundred and five were unknown.
The percentage of successful cases, not excluding doubtful cases, being 93.7.
Sexes.—Eight hundred and sixty-one were males, and eight hundred and nineteen
were females.
Castes.—Nineteen were Christians, one thousand three hundred and seventy-six
were Hindoos, one hundred and sixty-four were Mussulmans, forty-five were Parsees,
and seventy-six were other castes.
Ages.—Nine hundred and fifty-nine were under one year, and seven hundred and
twenty-one were above one year.