NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( iv )
Circle.
CENTRAL ........
SOUTHERN
...
WESTERN
...
NORTHERN ...
Name of Town.
1. Poona
2. Indapoor
3. Kheir
4. Ahmednuggur
5. Sholapoor
6. Barsee
7. Punderpoor
8. Sangola
9. Barramuttee ............
10. Khanapoor
............
11. Mân
12. Kurrar
13. Walwa
14. Koregaon
15. Malseerus
16. Khatow
17. Nassick
............
18. Dhoolia
1. Kulladghee
2. Bagulkote
3. Beejapoor
............
4. Belgaum
5. Uthnee
6. Hooblee
7. Gudduck and
Bet¬
tegherry
8. Sircy
1. Tanna
2. Panwell &
3. Oorun ............
1. Ahmedabad
2. Veerumgaum ............
3. Dholka
............
4. Dhundooka
5. Neriad
............
6.Broach ............
Name of Collectornte.
Poona
Do.
Do.
Ahmednuggur ...
Sholapoor
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Sattara ............
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
............
Do.
............
Do.
............
Nassick ............
Khandeish ............
Kulladghee
Do.
............
Do.
............
Belgaum ............
Do.
............
Dharwar ............
Do.
............
North Canara ............
Tanna ............
Do.
............
Ahmedabad ............
Do.
............
Do.
............
Do.
............
Kaira ............
Broach ............
Number of ]
cipal Vacci
1870-71.
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
19
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
7
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
7
nators.
869-70.
2
1
...
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
17
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
...
...
...
4
( v )
Circle.
SIND
PRESIDENCY ...
Name of Town.
1. Kurrachee
2. Kotree
3. Hydrabad
4. Shikarpoor ...........
Bombay .................
Aden .....................
Name of Collectorate.
Kurrachee
Do .
Hydrabad
Shikarpoor ...........
Bombay .................
Aden .....................
Grand Total ......
Number of Municipal
Vaccinators.
1870-71.
1
1
1
1
4
11
1
51
1869-70.
...
1
...
...
1
...
...
33
Besides the above, the town of Dharwar has also agreed to pay for its
own vaccinator, as has also the town of Sattara from the commencement of
1871-72.
Whenever a Municipal vaccinator works in villages around the Muni-
cipal town which pays him, a list of the names of the villages is given to
him by the Superintendent of the Circle, so that the Talooka and Municipal
vaccinators may not clash. There is still considerable room for an increase
of Municipal vaccinators, and I trust Superintendents will use their best
endeavours with communities of 20,000 souls or more to induce them to
maintain their own vaccinators. When I had the honour recently of speak-
ing to His Excellency the Governor on several subjects connected with
vaccination, His Excellency remarked that probably the most convenient
method of working Municipal vaccination, would be by receiving an annual
grant from each of the Municipalities, and in return the Vaccination Depart-
ment should keep the town vaccinated. I think something of this kind
should be done, so as to have Municipal vaccination thoroughly under the
control of the Superintendents. The Muncipalities in a few cases might
object to this arrangement, but it would be undoubtedly a good one, and as
it has been done by the Local Fund Committees I cannot see any difficulty in
the Muncipalities doing so also. It is very seldom there is any difficulty with
a Municipality, but neither our time nor energy should ever be wasted in cor-
respondence about the dismissal of a Municipal vaccinator. I have frequently
stated my opinion that a Municipal vaccinator should not be entertained, dis-
missed, nor punished without the approval of the Superintendent of Vacci-
( vi )
nation of the Circle, and in the case of entertainment or dismissal the sanction
of the Superintendent General should be obtained. This may appear to be
almost too careful, but I write this after much consideration, and I think it is
not right to leave the dismissal of a vaccinator entirely in the hands of
Municipalities, because they generally take little interest in vaccinaton, nor in
the hands of the Superintendent,—simply because of the many changes which
take place among our Superintendents. A new Superintendent is occasionally
disappointed and annoyed with carelessness or disobedience on the part of a
vaccinator, and at once jumps at the idea that the man should be made an
example of, and he probably wishes to dismiss or degrade him, quite ignoring
the fact that perfection on Rs. 14 per mensem is a chimera. For ordinary
small faults a small fine is, I think, ample punishment, and if the fault be
repeated supersession is a very good punishment. Although I like to treat
our vaccinators kindly, still whenever a man commits a crime such as falsi-
fying his records, I think he must be dismissed the service without any
consideration or mercy. But Superintendents should be careful to discri-
minate between clerical errors and falsifying of records. In the Central
Circle there was an increase of two Municipal vaccinators, one in Dhoolia and
the other in Kheir. In the Southern Circle there was one less, the Sircy
Municipality having ceased to keep a vaccinator. I will not urge anything
against this as their town is too small to keep a vaccinator going above a
couple of months in the year. In the Western Circle Dr. Blanc reduced one
municipal vaccinator by joining Oorun and Panwell in one charge; this has
worked very well, for the one vaccinator did more than the two in the pre-
ceding year, and at a saving of Rs. 60 in the year. In their resolution (No.
2095 dated 1st September 1870, para 8.) on my last report, Government took
notice of there being only 4 Municipal vaccinators in Guzerat. I have much
pleasure in stating that there are now 7; the towns of Dhundooka, Neriad
and Broach having each appointed a vaccinator who is paid from Municipal
funds. There has also been an increase of three in Sind, the towns of
Kurrachee, Hydrabad, and Shikarpoor having each employed one. I have
already mentioned that there are now eleven in the Presidency Circle where
there were none in 1869-70.
Local Fund Vaccinators.
7. There were 13 Local Fund vaccinators in Sind, 3 in Poona Zillah and
6 in Dharwar Zillah. I mentioned in my last
report that Tanna, Colaba and Rutnagherry had
provided for several vaccinators in their Local Fund budgets for 1870-71.
There were employed during the past year 3 in Tanna Zillah, 3 in Colaba
Zillah, 3 in Rutnagherry Zillah, and in North Canara Collectorate one was
( vii )
employed in January on account of small-pox being prevalent in Moongode
talooka. In Khandeish we have never been able to supply sufficient Govern-
ment vaccinators ; this was brought to Mr. Ashburner's notice, and he
provided for six, who were at work during the past year. There were thus an
increase of 16 Local Fund Vaccinators, making the total 38 as compared with
22 in 1869-70. It is six years past since in Sind the first Local Fund
Vaccinators were appointed by the Hon. Mr. Mansfield, then Commissioner
in Sind, and I trust it will not be long before all talooka vaccinators be paid
by Local Funds, and Government entirely relieved of the expenditure on
account of talooka and all other vaccinators. I have long been of opinion that
the superintendence, printing and any other expenditure which is involved
in the State's seeing that vaccination is as good as it ought to be, should be
met from Imperial revenue, but that the people themselves should pay all
expenses connected with vaccination itself in their own towns or districts;
and this I hope will soon be done by the Local and Municipal funds
paying for all vaccinators, vaccinators' peons, expenses of stationery for the
vaccinators' use, and also the expenses incurred in carrying vaccinifers from
their own to other villages to enable the vaccinators to vaccinate from arm-
to-arm.
Native States' Vaccinators.
8. In the Southern Circle a vaccinator was appointed for the Native
State of Savanoor. In the Kattiawar Circle
two were appointed, one for Drangdra and the
other for Moorvee. By the aid of Mr. Hope vaccination has been introduced
into the State of Bansda by Dr. Colah. Dr. Blanc has recommended that two
vaccinators be entertained by Jinjeera, and he thinks that the influence of
Mr. Duff will be sufficient to ensure his recommendation being acted on.
The proximity of Jinjeera to Bombay and the constant intercourse of its
people with the people not only of Bombay but with those in the neighbouring-
British territory which bounds the State of Jinjeera, make the introduction of
vaccination into that State an object of importance. It is said that small-pox
is nearly always present in the Hubshee's territory, and that the inoculation
of small-pox is practised: under such circumstances the disease cannot fail
to be brought into the districts of Colaba as well as into the city of Bombay.
There was a considerable break in the work in Johar, on account of the ill-
health of the vaccinator, who resigned, and it was long before one could
be got to accept a vaccinatorship in the bad climate of Johar, but now a
native of the place has been appointed, who will doubtless suffer less from
ill-health than a stranger.
( viii )
Suggestions by Dr. Colah that
the Native States in his Circle
should contribute to a vaccination
fund, from which the vaccinators
should be paid.
Dr. Colah has suggested that the Native States in his Circle contribute
to a vaccination fund, and that the vaccinators
be paid from it instead of from the Durbars.
The suggestion I consider good, and only hope
that the Durbars will approve of it and adopt
it. It would save the Superintendent a great
deal of trouble and the vaccination of the Native States would be done more
regularly and better too. There has been a considerable increase of Native
States' vaccination in Kattiawar and Rewa Kanta, a small increase in Sind and
a smaller in Kutch. In all the other Circles there was a decrease, which I
trust is only temporary, and hope that in next report the numbers will be
again higher. I do not think our Superintendents can do very much more than
they are doing in Native States, and the Chiefs generally give their aid and
countenance to vaccination when the subject is brought before them. When
I consider that many of the Chiefs maintain vaccinators more in deference to
the opinions of their friends, the Political Officer and Superintendent of Vac-
cination, I am inclined not to urge the subject of vaccination much on them,
and feel disposed to wait and trust to the people themselves appreciating it.
On the whole then I think vaccination in the Native States is progressing as
well as we have any right to expect, though perhaps not as well and as
quickly as we would like.
Native Assistant Superinten-
dents.
Contributions from Local Funds
towards paying rural vaccinators.
9. For several years back Government, as well as the Medical Depart-
ment, have been conscious of the necessity of
having a supervising agency between the
Superintendents of Circles and the vaccinators,
and Government directed me in their Resolution No. 1939, dated 13th August
1869, to place myself in communication, through the Revenue Commissioners,
with the several Presidents of Local Fund Committees, and ascertain how
far they are disposed to contribute towards paying the rural vaccinators, so
that the imperial money which goes to pay
them might be used for strengthening the staff
of Superintendents. After obtaining precise
information regarding the number of talookas in each Zillah, their population
and area, I addressed a letter to the two Revenue Commissioners and to
the Commissioner in Sind, in which I sketched a scheme, based on the in-
structions of Government, that each talooka should have a vaccinator and each
collectorate a Native Assistant Superintendent of Vaccination. I stated in
my sketch that what is now known in India and Europe as the Bombay
System of Vaccination has been found to work so well, and is so suitable to this
( ix )
country, that it has been generally adopted all over India. Its main features
are that the vaccinators peregrinate from village to village and are under the
control, direction, and supervision of a Medical officer, the Superintendent of
vaccination, who also peregrinates through his Circle. The want of Native
Assistant Superintendents was for many years little felt in this Presidency
because the number of the vaccinators in each circle was few, and for many
years they worked together in close proximity to the Superintendent, who
could constantly watch over their work and conduct, but in recent years—
especially within the last fifteen—the prejudices against vaccination have in a
great measure disappeared, the mass have begun to appreciate it, the intelli-
gent few to ask for it; the number of vaccinators has greatly increased and
the area which they work over is enlarged, so that they can no longer work
all together in close proximity to the Superintendent, indeed two or three
years are now required by a Superintendent to visit all his vaccinators and
inspect their work : nor can this be helped, for a Superintendent has now
in the smallest circle, 29 vaccinators, and 74 in the largest, spread over circles
of from 20,000 to over 60,000 square miles in size; no single officer can by
any possibility exercise a close supervision over so many vaccinators spread
over the length and breadth of such areas. This is undoubtedly the main
cause for the reproach of false returns so often made against the Vaccination
Department. But a false return is a minor evil compared with bad vaccina-
tion. Now without closer supervision than we have at present there is very
little certainty, indeed there is no certainty, of all vaccinators always vaccinat-
ing so carefully as always to obtain the best possible results, and to obtain less
is an evil the magnitude of which cannot be reckoned. Doubtless our method
of vaccinating from arm-to-arm is a great preventive against very much bad
vaccination, but notwithstanding this, I am very decidedly of opinion that we
should have Native Assistant Superintendents to assist the Superintendents
of Circles; and as far as I can see, the only way we are likely to get them is
in the way suggested by Government, that Local Funds should bear the
expenditure on account of rural vaccinators, and the imperial money thus set
free used to pay the Native Assistant Superintendents.
I may mention that some few years ago, when Dr. Pearson reorganized
the Vaccine Department of the North Western Provinces on the model of
the " Bombay system," he did not fail to strike the one blot in our system,
viz. the want of Native Assistant Superintendents, and provided them in his
reorganization ; since then he has frequently spoken very highly of them. In
1865 when I organized, under the instructions of the Honourable Mr. Mans-
field, then Commissioner in Sind, the Sind Local Funds Vaccination Estab-
ii vac
( x )
lishment, I included in it two Native Assistant Superintendents, who have
ever since been found of the greatest use.
10. It took quite a year to complete the correspondence with Local
Fund Committees, and I could only submit the result to Government in my
letter No. 777 dated 30th January last, along with my proposals on the man-
ner of carrying out the wishes of Government to have a vaccinator in each
Talooka, and a Native Assistant Superintendent in each Zillah, which has
undertaken to maintain its rural vaccinators.
Acknowledgments due to Mr.
Havelock, Mr. Rogers, and Sir
William L. Merewether.
11. I think the Local Fund Committees have in general met my
proposals in a truly liberal spirit. I would
here beg to acknowledge the aid which I have
received from the Revenue Commissioners, in
the Southern Division from Mr. Havelock, in
the Northern from Mr. Rogers, and in Sind from Colonel Sir William L. Mere-
wether. The whole of the correspondence took place through them as
ordered by Government, and it must have caused them considerable
trouble. They have most heartily entered into my scheme, and most
courteously given me their assistance, which I beg Government will ac-
knowledge.
12. I will now proceed to state what provision has been made in the
Local Fund budget for 1871-72 by each zillah.
I. In the Southern Division.
Ahmednuggur Collcetorate.
Scheme for paying all rural
vaccinators from Local Funds in
order that the Imperial money
so set free may be used for
strengthening the staff of Superin¬
tendents.
1st. Ahmednuggur collectorate has 11 talookas, an area of about 6,000
square miles, and a population of about 700,000.
I asked for Rs. 3,264 per annum to pay 10
vaccinators, 10 peons, and contingencies, but
only got Rs. 1,200. This was about the amount
Government was spending on 4 rural vaccina-
tors in this Collectorate, and it would appear
that the Committee were unwilling to grant
more than a sum equal to the Government expenditure. This was introduc-
ing a principle quite wide of our intention, which Government had declared
to be that the money set free should be used for strengthening the inspecting
staff of the Department. As the grant of Rs. 1,200 per annum is utterly
insufficient to maintain 10 vaccinators and 10 peons, I proposed that a
sum of Rs. 1,728 be paid from the Imperial grant, to make up the number
of vaccinators to 10. There should be 11 vaccinators as there are 11 talookas,
but one talooka was transferred from Nassick just about the time my proposals
( xi )
were first sent to Local Fund Committees, and so it was overlooked. As
the grant from Local Funds is considerably less than what I proposed Go-
vernment should continue to spend, I did not recommend the appointment of
a Native Assistant Superintendent in the Ahmednuggur Collectorate. There
is a Municipal vaccinator in the town of Ahmednuggur.
Poona Collectorate.
2nd. Poona Collectorate has 8 talookas, an area of about 4,272 square
miles, and a population of 606,000. My proposals
were accepted by the Local Fund Committee, and I
recommended that there be 8 vaccinators and peons at an expenditure of
Rs. 2,472 per annum from Local Funds, and that there be a Native Assistant
Superintendent paid from the Imperial money set free. There will now be
in this Collectorate 8 Local Fund and 4 Municipal vaccinators. Two of the
latter are for the large city of Poona and the other two for the towns of Kheir
and Indapoor. There is also a Military vaccinator in Poona, who takes
charge of the Cantonment vaccination in Poona and Kirkee. I am of opinion
that this vaccinator is unnecessary, and that the two Municipal vaccinators in
Poona are sufficient, but the Municipality made some objection to their
vaccinators being employed out of Municipal limits. This is an objection
that I think Dr. Turnbull, the Superintendent of the Central Circle, will be
able to overcome. It really is an advantage to the Municipal vaccinators to
have good large charges, and to have charge of a large Sudder bazaar like
Poona should be a pleasure to a vaccinator, because vaccination is compulsory
in all our cantonments, and there he can depend on maintaining his lymph
without difficulty. Vaccination in Poona City and Camp requires to be
organized. There have been four vaccinators, including the Civil Station
vaccinator recently transferred to the Central Circle Establishment, at work
for some years back in Poona, and two good vaccinators could have done
the work easily and probably better at half the cost. Dr. Turnbull will give
this subject his attention during the rainy season.
Sholapoor Collectorate.
3rd. Sholapoor Collectorate has six talookas, an area of nearly 7,000
square miles, and a population of nearly 600,000.
The President of the Local Fund Committee, Mr. T.
Bosanquet, met with some little opposition to my scheme from one of the
District Committees, but the sum I asked for was at length sanctioned. In
this Collectorate, Government will be entirely relieved of all expenditure on
account of vaccinators. I recommended 6 vaccinators with their peons, at a
cost of Rs. 1,872 per annum; this of course includes contingencies. There
are 5 Municipal vaccinators in this Collectorate, one in each of the following
( xii )
towns—Sholapoor, Barsee, Punderpoor, Sangola, and Barramuttee. Except
Sholapoor, not one of these towns has sufficient population to keep a vacci-
nator permanently at work; they are therefore allotted the neighbouring
villages in a radius of 3 miles or more, and this reduces the area for the
talooka vaccinators which would otherwise average about 1,000 square miles
to each. There will be a Native Assistant Superintendent for this zillah, who
will look after 6 Local Fund and 5 Municipal vaccinators, and also 1 in the
Native State of Akulkote.
Sattara Collectorate.
4th. Sattara Collectorate has 12 talookas, an area of about 8,350 square
miles, and a population of close on a million. Some
few years ago (1863) Municipal vaccination was first
commenced in this zillah, when the Honourable F. S. Chapman was Collector
of it, and Surgeon Plumptre was Superintendent of Vaccination in the South-
ern Circle. Since then the number of Municipal vaccinators has gone on
increasing in this Presidency. In the Sattara zillah there are several Marathi
Chiefs' States, four of whom keep each a vaccinator; they are Bhore, Atta-
padee, Jhutt, and Phulton. There has thus been in this Collectorate, Govern-
ment, Municipal, and Native States' vaccinators at work for several years.
Just about the time I sent in my proposals anent having Local Fund vaccina-
tors, the Collector, Mr. Arthur, had submitted to the Revenue Commissioner,
Southern Division, a scheme for distributing the vaccinators better, and his
scheme very closely resembled my proposals as regards the number of vacci-
nators required for the Collectorate. My proposals were that 12 Local Fund
vaccinators and peons should be entertained at a cost of Us. 3,672 per annum,
and this sum has been sanctioned. The Sattara Municipality has sanctioned
the maintenance of a vaccinator for that town. There are at present 6 other
Municipal vaccinators, each of whom has a group of Municipal towns in his
charge. I am not quite certain whether it will be necessary to keep on quite
so many, but I trust to Dr. Turnbull and the Collector arranging about this;
however, I think there will be employment for them all for some time to
work up arrears, after that, the 19 vaccinators would each have an average
of about 50,000 of a population to look after, which will probably be found
to give ample employment to each of the 19. As Government will be en-
tirely relieved of all charges on account of vaccinators, Sattara Collectorate
will have a Native Assistant Superintendent. I think there should be two
Native Assistant Superintendents in this zillah, as there will be 23 vaccina-
tors, including the 4 in the Native States, and when the final arrangements
are made, this might be considered, but until all the Collectorates get a
Native Assistant Superintendent this can stand over.