NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
24
Percentages of success, age, and sex.
3. The following are the percentages of success, age,
and sex :—
Primary Vaccinations ... ...
Re-vaccinations
...
...
...
Percentage
of
Success.
95.4
76.7
Percentage of Age.
Under 1
year.
55.1
...
Above 1
year.
44.9
...
Percentage of Sex.
Males.
52.6
...
Females.
47.4
...
Cost.
4. The total expenditure of the whole Circle, as shown by Statement No. III., is
Rs. 26,420-12-9 ; the cost of each successful case, including
dispensary vaccinations, is 4 annas and 11 pies.
Lymph.
5. As regards the quality of the lymph in use in this Circle, the work of 28 persons came
under my personal observation. Judging from this, and
from the reports of the Assistant Superintendents, it may be
said that the lymph in use was good. Of the 28 persons whose work was inspected, the lymph
of 18 was good, of 2 middling good, of 6 middling, and of 2 bad.
English Lymph.
6. Two supplies of English lymph were received from the Superintendent General
The first, received in November, was tried in Veramgáon
Táluká and failed; the second supply was used in Camp
Disá, and was only partially successful.
Dengue Fever in Gujarath,
7. From April up to December 1872 a severe epidemic of dengue fever prevailed in all
parts of this Circle, and it was the cause of more than the
usual amount of sickness among our vaccinators. Owing to
this, there were incessant breaks in work in different parts of the Circle, and the difficulties
of resuming work were great. Among the village population, also, the fever was so very
prevalent that our vaccinators found great difficulty in getting children for vaccination.
But for the prevalence of this fever, incapacitating both the vaccinators and those to be vac-
cinated, there would have been a larger increase in this year's work.
Changes among Vaccinators.
8. When my last report was submitted, there were three vacancies on the establish-
ment unfilled on account of the difficulty I experienced
in getting trustworthy men. During the year all these
have been filled up. In Bánsdá no work was performed from April up to August,
in which month Balwantráo Gopál, the late vaccinator of Rádhanpur, was employed to fill
the vacancy. Considering that, since his arrival in Bánsdá, this vaccinator has been on and
off ill, his work (1,457 operations) is satisfactory. The Dholká municipal vaccinatorship was
filled up by the end of October, and I regret to observe that Lallú Jádhao, who was selected
for the post, has turned out in many respects an unfit man. The third vacancy, that of Um-
reth in Khedá Zilhá, has been, as a temporary measure, filled up only within the last month
of the year under report. Three vacancies occurred during the year. Premsing Gangasing,
municipal vaccinator of Veramgáon, was dismissed for falsifying his returns, and his place was
filled up by Pírkhán Mahmadkhán in May, but after a few months' work Pírkhán died of
fever in October, and his place was filled up in November by Narbhirám Tápishankar. Ha-
27
sent of the Rádhanpur and Pálanpur Darbárs. During my late travels through the Superin-
tendency I availed myself of an opportunity of calling upon Colonel Phayre, the Political
Superintendent, and begged him to give his support. I was promised that the subject
would receive his best attention, but soon after my interview he left the Superintendency to
take charge of the Barodá Residency. As regards Mahí Kánthá, by date the 27th July 1872,
Major P. H. LeGeyt, the Acting Political Agent, informed me that at present he was unable
" to obtain from the Chiefs of Mahí Kánthá the increased amount of subscription" required;
adding that, after making the personal acquaintance of the Chiefs, he hoped to be " able to
effect more towards the desired end." On account of this hopeful reply I was desirous of
meeting Major LeGeyt whilst on my tour through the Mahí Kánthá, but I did not succeed
in getting an opportunity of so doing. To have met with the approval of the Political Offi-
cers is, I consider, a gain on the side of success, and I hope that the scheme may ultimately
receive the consent of the several Darbárs and Thákur Chiefs.
Tour.
17. In the beginning of the year I was encamped in Broach. The two months and
a half (April, May and half of June) of that fair season were
spent in the inspection of Broach and Ankleshwar tálukás
of Broach Zilhá and of Ulpád, Mándví, Bárdolí, Chikhlí and Jálalpur tálukás of Súrat
Zilhá. The dispensary vaccinations of Ankleshwar, Eláo and Mándví were inspected. I
was pleased to find Mr. Lakshuman Anant of Eláo doing good work ; of the amount of
pains taken by the other two dispensary officers on vaccination I may simply state that it
was nil. I was out on district work again in November, and nearly the whole of the pre-
sent fair season has been devoted to the inspection of the vaccinators' work of the Pálanpur
Superintendency and Mahí Kánthá Agency; and though everything was not found quite satis-
factory, yet the state of vaccination was better than what I had observed on my previous
inspection of the States. During the whole tour I examined in all, including dispensaries
the work of 28 vaccinators, 13,640 children were inspected, my travelling extended over
2,054 miles, and 414 villages have been visited.
Camp Umreth, Khedá District,
23rd April 1873.
28
SINDH CIRCLE.
Superintendent.—Assistant Surgeon J. WILLIAMS, M.D.
Establishment.—4 Assistant Superintendents, 1 Clerk, 43 Vaccinators under Local
Funds, 1 under Native Chiefs, and 21 Dispensaries.
Population 2,179,671. Total cost, Rs. 31,728-0-4. Average cost of each successful
vaccination, 7 annas and 2 pies.
Establishment.
Government ......
Local Funds ......
Municipalities......
Native State......
Dispensaries......
Years.
1871-72
1872-73
1871-72
1872-73
1871-72
1872-73
1871-72
1872-73
1871-72
1872-73
Total
vaccinated.
13,905
288
53,110
65,402
7,976
8,228
2,180
1,941
2,099
2,455
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
......
12,292
......
252
......
......
......
356
Decrease.
......
13,617
......
......
......
......
......
239
......
......
Success-
fully
vaccina-
ted.
13,005
276
50,434
62,287
7,001
7,145
1,770
1,486
1,811
2,194
Percentage of
success, exclud-
ing those un-
known from
the Total.
In Pri-
mary
Vaccina-
tion.
99.3
100.
98.2
97.9
93.6
94.6
81.1
79.1
92.4
93.7
In Re¬
vacci-
nation.
51.8
100.
71.5
73.6
80.2
61.3
...
...
59.6
72.7
Decrease.
As compared with the year 1871-72 there has been a decrease in the number of persons
vaccinated of 956. The large decrease of 13,617 in the Gov-
ernment Establishment is due to the vaccinators having been
transferred to the Local Fund Establishment, one vaccinator having been in receipt of pay
from Government for a couple of months only. There is a decrease of 239 shown by the
returns of the Native State vaccinator. I should not have been sorry if his return could have
been omitted altogether, for I have reason to believe he has been falsifying largely. His case
is under investigation.
Increase
2. There is an increase shown by the Local Fund Establishment of 12,292, accounted
for by an increase in the number of vaccinators ; by the
municipal vaccinators of 252 owing chiefly to a large num-
ber of vaccinations at Karáchí, which includes those performed at the Jail under Dr. Mac-
Dougall. It appears from Dr. MacDougall's report that the vaccinator under his charge per-
29
forms a large number of operations in European regiments which are not included in his
returns.
The increase of 356 vaccinations at dispensaries is due chiefly to the addition of Guadar
to the list.
Collectorates.
3. Taking the several Collectorates, Karáchí shows a decrease of 3,872, Shikárpur
702, Haidarábád 619; whilst Jacobábád has an increase
of 719, and the Thar and Párkar 3,472.
The large decrease in the Karáchí Collectorate is not so unsatisfactory as at first sight it
appears to be, for it occurs entirely in the column for children above one year of age.
4. There was a considerable falling off in the quantity of work done from August to
December, owing, apparently, to the great prevalence of sickness consequent upon an unusual-
ly heavy rainfall.
Strength of Establishment.
5. During the year the establishment was brought up to the strength proposed by Dr.
Pinkerton. So that there are four Assistant Superinten-
dents* and forty-three vaccinators paid out of Local Funds
and five vaccinators paid out by Municipalities, viz. two at Karáchí, one at Haidarábád and
one at Shikárpur. The Kotrí municipal vaccinator was dismissed last year, and it was deem-
ed unnecessary to replace him, as his work would be performed by the táluká vaccinator.
Expenditure.
6. There has been a considerable increase in the ex-
pense, viz., Rs. 5,069-3-8 due to the increase in the esta-
blishment.
Sex.
7. There were 41,430 males and 32,054 females
against 41,579 males and 32,153 females (primary vaccina-
tions) in 1871-72.
The proportion is just the same in both years, viz. 56.3 males to 43.7 females in 1871-72
and 56.4 males to 43.6 females in 1872-73.
8. According to the dispensary returns the proportion of males to females is 1,451—992
in 1872-73, and 1,170—807 in 1871-72, or a percentage of 59.4 males and 40.6 females (or
nearly 3 to 2) in 1872-73, and 59.2 males and 40.8 females in 1871-72. So that on compar-
ing the proportion of males to females in the tálukás and in the dispensary towns, in the
latter the males predominate to the extent of 3 per cent.
Caste.
Year.
1871-72
1872-73
Christians.
.19
.18
Hindus.
15.39
14.58
Musal¬
mans.
76.55
76.32
Pársís.
.05
.12
Other
Caste.
7.81
8.77
The increase in the column " Other Castes " is due to the increased number of vaccina-
tions in the Thar and Párkar Districts.
10. In the dispensary towns the proportion of Hindús to Musalmáns is much higher.
In 1871-72 there were 1,043 Hindús to 915 Musalmáns. In 1872-73 there were 1,114 Hin-
dús to 1,307 Musalmáns. The difference in the proportions of the two years is caused by
the vaccination as Guádar, where the population is chiefly Musalmán.
* Paid by Government—P. S. T.
34
ly taken up by vernacular correspondence, &c., whilst the more important duties of super-
intending and supervising have, to a similar extent, to be neglected, or, at least, are very
imperfectly done.*
I would also point out that the number of peons now attached to my office is quite
insufficient for carrying on my work efficiently. Formerly I had a havaldár and four
peons (one of whom was paid out of Local Funds) ; now there are only the havaldár and
two peons, and for collecting children for inspection this number is quite inadequate. I
would, therefore, suggest that two more peons be added to the establishment, at least dur-
ing the travelling season.*
Thanks to Authorities.
31. I have again to acknowledge the material assistance I have received from the
Commissioner, Sir William Morewether, and all the Dis-
trict Officers.
My thanks also are due to Colonel Dunsterville, particularly as Political Agent of
Khairpur; to Colonel Phillips, Collector of Haidarábád; and to Colonel Tyrwhitt, Political
Superintendent of the Thar and Párkar Districts. For personal assistance I am much
indebted to Major Boulton, Captain Mayhew, and Mr. Tyndall. I am also under great
obligation to Dr. Miller, Deputy Inspector General of Hospitals in Sindh, for his constant
advice and assistance in connection with vaccination at dispensaries.
Karáchí, June 23rd, 1873.
* A second clerk and an additional peon for each Circle has since been sanctioned by Government in their Resolu¬
ion No. 2783 of 7th August 1873.
35
KA'THIA'WA'D CIRCLE.
Superintendent.—Surgeon E. R. BUTLER, M.D.
Acting Superintendent.—Surgeon H. J. BLANC, M.D.
Acting Superintendent.—Surgeon E. SEXTON, M.D.
Establishment.—2 Assistant Superintendents, 1 Clerk, 1 Station Vaccinator under Gov-
ernment, 32 Vaccinators paid by Native Chiefs, and 3 Dispensaries.
Population.—1,782,062. Total cost Rs. 18,960-0-7.
Average cost of each successful vaccination, 4 annas and 4 pies.
Establishment.
Government
...
Native Chiefs ...
Dispensaries
Year.
1871-72
1872-73
1871-72
1872-73
1871-72
1872-73
Total vac-
cinated.
4,690
1,967
64,756
73,601
246
57
Compared with
the preceding year
Increase.
......
......
......
8,845
......
......
Decrease.
......
2,723
......
......
......
189
Success-
fully vac-
cinated.
4,315
1,681
61,378
68,231
234
52
Percentage of
success, exclud
ing those un-
known from the
total.
In Pri-
mary
Vaccina-
tion
94.6
89.1
96.8
96.2
97.5
98.1
In Re-
vacci-
nation.
71.0
64.4
81.8
73.9
25.0
...
I received charge from Dr. Sexton on June 19th, 1872, Dr. Blanc having been in
charge during April and May.
Progress.
The progress of vaccination in Káthiáwád, judging
by the grand total, in comparison with other years, has
been satisfactory.
There has been, certainly, on the part of the people generally, a greater demand for
vaccination. I have had numerous letters from many tálukás complaining that the vac-
cinator had not visited or vaccinated the children for months, and requesting he might be
sent at once.
Increase.
2. The increase in the number of vaccinations performed by the itinerant estab-
lishment is considerable, as may be seen by glancing at
the above table, altogether amounting to 6,122.
I do not consider, as stated by Dr. Blanc in his last report, that this increase is due
entirely to a better distribution of men, and to more effective supervision, but I do
think that the regular pay of the vaccinators has something to do with this increase, for
in former years the vaccinators were very often without pay for a year ; but, then, on the
other hand, before this new distribution, they were supplied with a pony, and they and
their ponies were always fed and lodged ; and in tálukás like Bháwanagar, where they
were regularly paid, I consider they were much better off then than they are now.
36
3. Dr. Blanc's new distribution of vaccinators did not commence till August, so that
for four months of the year the establishment was working on the old plan, and in the early
months of the year there was an increase. Indeed, the increase in those four months was
in greater proportion than the increase in the last eight months.
If the same rate had continued throughout the year,the total would have been 70,000,
whereas the total was 69,446 according to Dr. Blanc's returns : and if the time of the year
is taken into consideration, viz., April, May, June and July, the hottest months of the
year, in which less work is done than in the other seasons, I think, I may safely conclude,
that the total would have certainly been more with the old than with the new system.
Positively so if the old system had provided 2 Assistant Superintendents.
Work performed in 1871-72.
April............
May
June
.....
..
July
August ............
September ............
October
............
November ............
December
............
January
...
February
...
March
.........
Old System.
Total 4 months.
23,333
New system total, 8
months, 46, 113
New System.
Average total of 4 months.
23,056
My own impression of the real cause of increase is, that the people take more kindly
to vaccination, and place less difficulties in the way, and also that the Darbárs earnestly
strive to help the spread of vaccination, because they know it is the wish of the Sarkár, and,
lastly, to the impetus given by the Assistant Superintendents.
4. Vaccination in Káthiáwád is of very few years' growth. Dr. Lord started it two
or three years before I took over charge, and from the year 1864 up to the present time
there has been a yearly increase of from 3,699 to 9,671 till 1871-72, when the total culmi-
nated in an increase of 11,680 ; but as I shall show farther on (under heading False Entries)
and as Dr. Turnbull has already pointed out, that this increase was partly due to false
entries.
Decrease by Government Esta¬
blishment.
5. There is very little to be said on this head ; there being only one Government vac-
cinator now. For part of the year 1871-72 there were nine.
The number vaccinated by this man is 1,967, a very fair
quantity, and very nearly equal to the average.
Re-vaccination.
6. Re-vaccination is urged upon the people, but with very little success, except in
the station of Rájkot and among the Government ser-
vants.
39
16. In justice to the vaccinators I must add that they have great difficulties to con-
tend with. The new plan organized by Dr. Blanc has dealt a heavy blow upon the
vaccinators. Formerly, although they received smaller pay, and that irregularly, still
they got a tattoo and free quarters supplied to them by the Darbár, besides food for them-
selves and beast, which, by order of the Darbár, was supplied to them gratis in every gaum.
Now, when they go to gaums away from their homes, they have the greatest difficulty in
procuring the commonest necessaries of life ; indeed in some gaums the inhabitants will
not, or cannot, supply grain or grass, as I know to my cost. In others they are bound by
vow not to sell things. In many gaums the people only store enough of these things to
supply their own wants, and to part with any of their little hoard means short commons
for themselves. Another difficulty the vaccinators have to contend with, is that they
have to collect the children for vaccination themselves ; formerly they were collected by
a Darbár sepoy. For the above reasons the vaccinators pay as short a visit as possible to
each gaum (unless the villagers are charitable), and the consequence is, that the work is not
as carefully done as it used to be.
False Entries.
17. During the year the two Assistant Superintendents reported 414 false entries,
but on a close enquiry I found some of these were not
false entries, and I have no doubt, if I could have gone
through the whole myself, I should have found that more of them were mistakes. How-
ever, taking the whole 422 (including those I found), of these 236 were reported before I
took over charge of the office, and the remainder 186 after I rejoined.
18. During the whole of my tour of nearly six months I found only 28 false names ;
and taking into consideration that I inspected 7,498 registered children, the number is not
large. Besides, some of these the vaccinators explained by declaring they were travellers,
but as I am unable to prove this I have given the whole number.
19. The cause of the greater number of false entries being, in my opinion, the fining
of each vaccinator if he did not return 200 a month, I did not enforce Dr. Blanc's order
on re-taking charge, and consequently the disease has died a natural death, as is shown by
the following table :—
False Entries reported.
April
May
June
July
100
108
28
108
August
September
October
November
17
31
25
6
December
January......
February
March
0
0
0
0
Village Registers.
20. Village registers have been distributed to most gaums, and copies forwarded to
the Assistants and Division Officers. Captain Philips, Spe-
cial Assistant, Gondal ; Captain Watson, 1st Assistant;
and Mr. Aston, 3rd Assistant, all at different times accompanied me to several gaums to
test their correctness, and have taken the greatest interest in vaccination.
Mr. Dhanjíshá Hormasjí, Special Assistant, Bántwá,also gave me great assistance
and takes great interest in vaccination.
43
The last station I visited was Kbánbáliá, Nawánagar, in charge of Nánálál. His
work is good, but, like all others, he had not been 10 kos from his home.
Altogether during the time of my tour of a little under six months I travelled 1,828
miles, examined 19 vaccinators' work, and saw 23,736 vaccinated children.
Concluding Remarks.
26. In conclusion I beg to state that, whatever remarks I have made, I mean nothing
in any way personal. Dr. Blanc performed a right good
service in changing the system—a change much wanted,
and both Colonel Keatinge and Colonel Anderson, at my suggestion, had tried to effect an
alteration years before. But Dr. Blanc made, I consider, two mistakes in his system—
I. Taking all responsibility out of the hands of the Chiefs.
II. Substituting 5 rupees a month bhattá in place of pony, board, and fodder.
I do not blame Dr. Blanc for this, because he had not a sufficient knowledge of the
country, or the customs of the people, and was only following the policy of the time. The
new scheme has worked well, inasmuch as vaccination is now much more generally dis-
tributed throughout Káthiáwád than it was formerly ; and if there was any supervision of
the Gáíkawád's gaums, the result would be still better,
Camp Khambdliá, 16th April 1873.
44
REWA' KA'NTHA' CIRCLE.
Superintendent.—Assistant Surgeon S. B. HALIDAY.
Establishment.—1 Assistant Superintendent, 1 Clerk, 5 Vaccinators under Local
Funds, 10 under Native Chiefs, and 2 Dispensaries.
Population estimated at 445,166. Total cost, Rs. 7,013-0-6. Cost of each successful
case, 6 annas and 2 pies.
Establishments.
Government ......
Local Funds ......
Native Chiefs
Dispensaries
Years.
1871-72
1872-7 3
1871-72
1872-73
1871-72
1872-73
1871-72
1872-73
Total
vaccinated.
1,208
......
7,314
6,950
10,899
11,838
465
487
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
......
......
......
939
......
22
Decrease.
......
1,268
......
364
......
......
......
......
Success-
fully
vaccina-
ted.
1,182
......
7,092
6,733
10,176
11,243
411
424
Percentage of
success, exclud-
ing those un-
known from
the Total.
In Pri-
mary
Vaccina-
tion.
95.6
......
97.1
98.1
95.6
96.2
89.0
96.1
In Re-
vacci-
nation.
24.0
...
80.5
80.0
30.6
72.9
100.0
48.2
The above table shows a total number of 19,275 persons operated on during the year
1872-73, and a decrease of 671.
Cause of Decrease.
1. The cause of this decrease is owing to fever and den-
gue having prevailed to a great extent during the year.
Perecntage of Success.
2. Percentage of success this year is 96.7, which is 1.1
more than last year, which goes far to balance the decrease
in the total.
Average of Operations by each Vac-
cinator.
3. The average number of operations by each vacci-
nator is 1,253.
Sex.
4. The number of males is 9,541, and of females 9,388,
which shows that almost as many females as males
were vaccinated.
Caste.
914, Musalmáns only 890, and Pársís 20. Con¬
be large number of Musalmáns in this Circle the
number vaccinated is small, but they are very prejudiced
and obstinate. The Pársís show a fair return for the small number of their caste in the
Circle.