NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
69
I believe the climate of Belgaum, from the absence of extreme temperatures, to
be particularly favourable to the success of vaccination, and although it has been sup-
posed that atmospheric moisture is inimical to vaccination, I have observed no falling
off in the percentage of successful operations during the heavy and protracted rains
which fall in Belgaum during the monsoon season.
A few cases of modified small-pox occurred in the Cantonment during April and
May of the past year, and one case of that disease from the Lascars' lines was admitted
for treatment into the Civil and Staff Hospital (was accommodated in a tent).
In addition to the operations performed in the villages within a radius of 5 miles
from Belgaum, 153 persons have been vaccinated within the limits of the Cantonment,
of which 146 were successful.
The vaccinator is an experienced man, and though somewhat advanced in age, is
active and zealous in the performance of his duty, and I have reason to be satisfied with
the manner in which he has performed the work entrusted to him.
DHARWAR.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon M. M. MACKENZIE.
Population 30,000. Total cost Rs. 240. Average cost of each successful vacci-
nation 6 annas.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
835
848
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
13
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
718
763
Percentage of
success.
85.9
90.4
The vaccination report for the past official year shows an increase of 13 total
vaccinated over that of the preceding year. 763 were successful, giving a percentage of
90.4 as compared to 86.0 of the preceding year. The greatest number of monthly
vaccinations occurred respectively in May, June, January, July, November, and
February, giving 82, 82, 77, 72, 72, and 72.
The supply and quality of lymph has always been fully kept up, and a tube filled
with a little lymph has been sent every week to the Superintendent of Vaccination,
Southern Circle.
70
According to the monthly report forwarded by the Collector's department I am
glad to be able to state that there has been a great falling off in the number of small-
pox cases in the Dharwar Collectorate. While 1859-70 gave a total of 658 cases, the
nine months ending 31st December 1870 gave only 378, a considerable reduction ; for
the remaining 3 months of the official year 1870-71 the monthly reports have not
been received. The greater number of small-pox cases occurred in the months of
July, August, and June, respectively 61, 55, and 53.
KARWAR.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon S. B.
HALLIDAY (Acting).
Population 9,975. Total cost Rs. 240. Average cost of each successful vacci-
nation 7 annas and 2 pies.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
733
783
Compared with the
precoding year.
Increase.
......
50
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
604
535
Percentage
of success.
86.0
68.3
The total number vaccinated during the year 1870-71, amounts to 783, being
50 more than the year preceding. Of these 441 are males and 342 females. 535 were
successful, and 248 unsuccessful, including those doubtful. The percentage of success
is 68.3. Considering the population is only 9,975 the total number vaccinated could
not be expected to be more, and the vaccinator sometimes is obliged to go beyond the
municipal limits of the town in search of children with a view of keeping up the supply
of lymph. The inhabitants of Karwar have still great objections to get their children
vaccinated under one year of age, and again great prejudice prevails amongst the
community against allowing the lymph to be taken from the arm of the successfully
vaccinated children, they think that the protective virtue of vaccination would be lost
if the lymph be removed from the arm. This I consider interferes greatly with the
practice of vaccinating children direct from arm-to-arm, and in several instances the
children were vaccinated with preserved lymph.
52 persons were re-vaccinated, out of which 21 proved successful and 31 unsuc-
cessful. Endeavours have been made to induce persons to be re-vaccinated, by explain-
71
ing to them the benefit arising from it, but as the practice has only been recently
introduced, the people have little faith in its protective power.
Small-pox was prevalent to a very limited extent in the neighbourhood of the
town. 17 deaths have been reported. All these cases with the exception of a few
were protected by vaccination. The disease did not last long, and no sanitary
measures were necessary to arrest its progress.
The lymph employed was good throughout the year, and the vesicles were well
developed and normal.
KULLADGHEE.
One Municipal Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon SELIM
MYER SALAMAN, M.A., M.D.
Population 15,000. Total cost Rs. 146. Average cost of each successful vacci-
nation 7 annas and 3 pies.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
651
370
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
Decrease.
......
281
Successfully
Vaccinated.
651
321
Percentage of
success.
100.
91.
During the year 1870-71, 370 persons have been vaccinated by the Municipal
vaccinator in a population of 15,000 at Kulladghee and surrounding villages, at a
total cost of Rupees 146, including pay of vaccinator and contingencies, at the
average cost of 7 annas and three pies for each vaccination, this sum being paid by
the Municipality of Kulladghee.
2. The very large falling off in the number of persons vaccinated is probably
due to the fact that most of the children had been previously vaccinated.
3. The lymph used is of good quality, the vaccinations are as far as practicable
performed from arm-to-arm.
4. There have been no cases of small-pox either in Kulladghee or the surround-
ing villages.
15 vac
72
KOLHAPOOR.
One Native State's Vaccinator under Mr. Apothecary G. SINCLAIR, in Medical
charge Civil duties.
Population 110,000. Total cost Rs. 399. Average cost of each successful vacci-
nation 2 annas and 1 pie.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
3,165
3,476*
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
310
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
3,107
2,959*
Percentage of
success.
89.8
96.†
54.‡
* Includes re-vaccinations.
† Primary.
‡ Re-vaccinations.
The whole of the vaccine operations during the past year in the town of Kolhapoor
and villages in the neighbouring Petah of Kurwar, were performed by the Station
vaccinator.
2. The population of the town of Kolhapoor is estimated at 50,000, that of the
villages in the Kurwar Petah at 60,000, making a total of 110,000 inhabitants amongst
whom these operations were performed.
3. The total cost of vaccination including pay of vaccinator, peons, and contin-
gencies amounted to rupees 399, which amount is wholly defrayed by the Kolhapoor
State ; the average cost of each vaccination has been 2 annas and 1 pie.
4. There is, it will be observed, a decrease in the number primarily vaccinated
during the past official year as compared with the year 1869-70; the percentage of
success is higher than during the preceding year. A new supply of lymph in glass
tubes has been obtained from the Superintendent Southern Circle. The decrease
is to be ascribed to the circumstance that small-pox did not prevail during the
past year to the same extent that it did the year previous.
5. The total number of primary vaccinations by the vaccinator was 2,056.
Of these 1,094 were males, and 962 females; arranged according to caste 2,020 were
Hindoos of all castes, and 36 were Mussulmans. In regard to age, the proportion of
children under 1 year was about 19.6 per cent. of the whole number vaccinated.
6. Amongst the low castes of Hindoos such as chumbars, mangs, and mahars,
there were 157 vaccinations, or in the proportion of 10 per cent. of that class.
7. Only 26 re-vaccinations have been performed, and these were mostly amongst
educated natives of Kolhapoor, the Head Master of the High School having shown
73
an excellent example by being re-vaccinated himself, along with the adult members of
his household. I am hopeful that the small beginning now made will go on steadily
increasing, and that much of the apathy and opposition now manifested will be over-
come by explaining to the educated classes the importance of re-vaccination in affording
additional security against small-pox if successful; whilst failure only affords an
assurance that the original vaccination has been so complete that its prophylactic
influence still renders the person insusceptible to small-pox.
8. The quality of the lymph has been uniformly good throughout the year.
Latterly however the vesicle has not presented the usual healthy, large, and well-
shaped appearance, nor has the character of the resulting cicatrix been as well marked
as could be desired. As already stated, a fresh supply of lymph has been obtained
from Mr. Raby, the Superintendent of the Circle.
9. The conduct of the vaccinator has been satisfactory. He is a very expert
operator, and I have every reason to be satisfied with his work, as well as the trust-
worthiness of his returns.
10. I have no improvement to suggest.
11. The annual vaccination return of the Kolhapoor dispensary is herewith for-
warded. It shows an increase in the number of operations during the past year, being
431 against 367, or an increase of 64 ; of these, 99 per cent. were successful. The
proportion of children under 1 year has been 39.9 per cent.
12. Vaccination has also been regularly practised amongst the families of the
Kolhapoor Infantry whenever subjects could be obtained. 122 children were vacci-
nated; of these only 89, or in the proportion of 73 per cent. only proved successful,
owing to the degeneration of the lymph.
13. Re-vaccination has been extensively practised in the corps. Every adult
male and female has been operated upon, with the following results. Of 460 subjects
bearing cicatrices of previous vaccinations, 287, or a proportion of 62.4 per cent.
proved successful, and out of 211 persons who were protected by small-pox either
inoculated or natural, 59, or a proportion of 28 per cent., were successfully re-vaccinated.
Of course the results were more or less modified in many of these cases, whilst
in others the vesicles were as perfect and characteristic as those observed in primary
vaccination.
14. 167 prisoners in the Kolhapoor jail were also re-vaccinated during the year,
and 70 of the number or a proportion of 42 per cent. were successful. The result
in 15 of the number is not known, in consequence of their release soon after they were
operated upon.
15. Small-pox appeared in Kolhapoor and in one of the villages of the Kurwur
Petah during the past month (March), but as already stated the disease was less
prevalent than it had been during the preceding year.
74
TANNA.
One Municipal Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon W. C.
KIERNANDER (Acting).
Population 10,581. Total cost Rs. 252. Average cost of each successful vac-
cination 6 annas and 8 pies.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
324
632
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
308
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
300
597
Percentage
of success.
92.5
94.4
Vaccination has been carried on during the year with very satisfactory results,
there being only 35 unsuccessful cases out of 632 vaccinations ; of these 329 were
done in the surrounding districts and 303 in the town. It appears to me that more
should be done, and that the vaccinator's attention should be less directed towards the
surrounding districts as he is a servant of the Municipality. His pay is the same as
it was three years ago, 20 Rupees per mensem.
There has been no small-pox during the year. The lymph has been good and the
supply regularly kept up. The vaccinator is a willing, hard-working individual, and
has a great deal of opposition to put up with in order to get the people to allow their
children to be vaccinated, and even if they do allow it, they frequently break the pus-
tules before the lymph can be obtained from them.
BANDORA.
Operations performed by Sub-Assistant Surgeon A. DESOUSA, in charge Dispen-
sary.
Population 7,746. No cost.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
102
247
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase
......
145
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
70
201
Percentage of
success.
76.
80.
75
During the year ending 31st March 1871 the total number of vaccinations and
re-vaccinations performed amounts to 247, being an excess of 145 over the previous year.
Most of the vaccinations were performed in January, February, and March, agreeably
to Circular No. 166, dated 14th May 1870, from the Superintendent of Vaccination,
Western Circle.
The number of operations performed at each sitting varied from 12 to 44,
according to the number of applicants. To secure a regular supply of lymph for
subsequent operations some of the children belonging to St. Joseph's Convent at
Bandora were at first vaccinated, and it was subsequently kept up, both at the dis-
pensary and the Convent on every succeeding Friday, the lymph being for the most
part obtained from the latter institution. The percentage of success obtained during
the year under report is a very fair one, namely 79.8. The appearance of the vesicle
on the 7 th day, and its progress from the commencement have been satisfactory.
Small-pox was not seen here except during the month of March last, when a few cases
appeared in a sporadic form in the town. No cases however presented themselves for
treatment; the inhabitants generally speaking have a great prejudice against allowing
this disease to be medically interfered with.
CALLIAN.
Operations performed by Sub-Assistant N. DUNJEEBHAI, in Medical charge
Dispensary.
Population 8,000. No cost.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
43
113
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
70
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
32
103
Percentage of
success, ex-
cluding
unknown.
80.
96.2
The number of persons vaccinated during the year under report was 113, out of
which four cases were re-vaccinations, while during the previous year the number was
43. The people are now beginning to understand the benefits of vaccination. By
vaccinating in the months of December and January last, as directed by the Superin-
tendent of Vaccination Western Circle, in Circular No. 166 of the 14th May 1870,
the results were more satisfactory than usual, as there was a higher percentage of
successful cases, being 96. this year instead of 80. last year, and the field for selecting
76
good vesicles from was greater, as fifteen or twenty children were vaccinated at one
sitting instead of two or three children at one sitting in weekly vaccinations. There
were four cases of re-vaccinations in children vaccinated successfully before, among
which one case was successful. There was no epidemic of small-pox in the town, or
admission into the Dispensary from that cause.
BHEWNDY.
Operations performed by Sub-Assistant Surgeon SHAMRAO JAGHANATH, L.M.,
in charge Dispensary.
Population 10,000. No cost.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
39
77
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
38
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
24
52
Percentage of
success.
82.7
69.3
The total number of vaccinations performed during 1870-71, compared with the
total number of the previous year, shows an increase of 38. Fifty-two proved success-
ful, two unknown, and the rest, 23, unsuccessful; thus giving 69.3 percentage of suc-
cess : a ratio of success inferior to the one obtained in the previous year.
2. Fresh lymph to start vaccination was obtained from the Superintendent of
Vaccination Western Circle ; that Officer kindly forwarded vaccine lymph both in a
capillary tube and on seven ivory points. The lymph on the ivory points succeeded
well, and produced large and full vesicles; the liquid lymph in the tube failed completely.
3. The return shows only one operation in excess of children vaccinated.
4. No re-vaccinations were performed during the year.
5. The people of Bhewndy, both Hindoos and Mahomedans, though not averse
to vaccination yet entertain great and strong prejudices against allowing us to take
lymph from the arms of their children, and this objection on their part I have not as
yet been able to overcome, but I trust that I will be able to impress upon the com-
munity the harmlessness and necessity of this practice.
6. In conclusion I beg to bring to notice that I have done my best to impress
the benefits of vaccination upon the people of this place, and I am happy to say that I
have succeeded in vaccinating most of the children of a caste of the Hindoo population
of Bhewndy greatly prejudiced against vaccination.
77
ALIBAGH.
Operations performed by Sub-Assistant Surgeon PEREIRA, in charge Dispensary.
Population 4,704. No cost.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
161
275
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
114
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
136
266
Percentage
of success.
84.4
97.
During the year under report (embracing a period of nine months only) 273
persons received vaccination and two were re-vaccinated. This number compared with
that of the preceding year (1869-70) shows an increase of 114 operations. Of the 273
vaccinations 264 were successful, and 9 unsuccessful, showing a percentage of 96.
successful cases.
Two re-vaccinations were performed successfully during the year.
Fresh lymph was invariably used, and its purity and goodness were proved by the
success attending vaccine operations.
The year under report was peculiarly exempt from the prevalence of the small-
pox disease.
The benefit and immunity conferred upon the people by the practice of vaccina-
tion is admitted and believed in by the people of the town as well as of the adjacent
villages ; objection is at times raised on account of days being those of their religious
observance, or on account of certain unfavourable seasons. The lower classes object
purely on account of the expense they have to undergo, for 21 days, in performing the
worship of the goddess which presides over small-pox when a person is vaccinated in
their house. The Kolee section, proverbially wanting in intelligence, and devoted to
superstition, rarely receive vaccination. Once I represented this matter to the District
Magistrate with regard to a neighbouring village, called Wursolee, and by his per-
suasion the children of that village were vaccinated.
Vaccination was performed, during the 9 months, on every 7th or 8th day. In
accordance with the instructions received from the Superintendent of the Circle, vac-
cination was stopped from the close of December last. Two seasons in the year have
lately been fixed for performing vaccination. These seasons, I beg to observe, are
not those at which people here are anxious to receive vaccination. The hot season of
the year is the one in which they readily accept vaccination, probably through fear
of the small-pox breaking out. This limiting of vaccination to two seasons in the
78
year will perhaps affect the total number of annual vaccinations. Every endeavour
will however be made to give due notice to the people of the town and the neighbour-
ing villages, through the Civil authority, of the time when vaccination is to be opened,
and I hope there will be a good gathering of recipients at each of these two seasons.
RUTNAGHERRY.
One Government Vaccinator under the Civil Surgeon, Surgeon C. JOYNT, M.D.
Population 20,789. Total cost Rs. 231.
Average cost of each successful vaccination 8 annas and 3 pies.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total
Vaccinated.
1,188
619
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
Decrease.
......
569
Successfully
Vaccinated.
847
443
Percentage of
success.
72.2
71.5
During the year under report the number of vaccinations performed in Rutnagherry
and its immediate neighbourhood was considerably below that of the year preceding,
and also lower than the average of late years. It is not easy to offer a satisfactory
explanation of this decrease. Undoubtedly there still exists in this neighbourhood a
great reluctance on the part of parents, and especially female parents, to have their
children vaccinated. The Station vaccinator who was employed under the Civil Sur-
geon until the 28th of February, was deficient in tact as well as energy, and failed to
secure the confidence of the community. He was discharged on the vaccinators being
made subordinate to the Circle Superintendent, on the 1st March. The vaccinator sent
by the Superintendent appears to possess more energy, and I hope that the ensuing
year will show better results than the past.
Besides the vaccinations shown in the return, 2 European children were success-
fully vaccinated.
Throughout the year the lymph was of variable quality, sometimes good, at other
times indifferent. During the visit of the Superintendent several children were vacci-
nated direct from the cow, but a failure resulted in each case.
Small-pox prevailed in several talookas about Rutnagherry during the year, but
was much less prevalent in the Town and immediate neighbourhood than in the year
1869-70.
79
DAPOOLEE.
Operations performed by or under the direction of Honorary Assistant Surgeon
A. POLLARD, in charge of Civil Hospital.
Population 9,000. No Cost.
Years.
1869-70
1870-71
Total.
Vaccinated.
348
413
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
65
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
288
341
Percentage
of success.
82.8
82
During the year 1870-71 there were 413 operations performed at the Station of
Dapoolie ; of which number 9 were re-vaccinations of persons previously vaccinated
with success, and two children were primarily operated upon twice each ; there has
consequently been only 411 persons actually vaccinated, including the re-vaccinations.
When compared with the preceding year this shows an increase of 63 persons vac-
cinated, and a still greater increase of 159 over that of the year 1868, which may be
looked upon as a sign that the people are becoming more alive to the benefits derived
from vaccination.
During the first half of the year, vaccination was carried on almost uninterrupt-
edly in Dapoolie and the surrounding villages some miles distant, but during the
latter part, my operations have been confined to the Camp of Dapoolie and a few
villages in the immediate neighbourhood, as my Dispensary servant, who has been
taught to vaccinate, could not be spared to vaccinate at a distance ; the District
vaccinator doing the work I am unable to perform. During the months of December
and January and the greater part of February no vaccination was performed.
In the month of February 1871 small-pox appeared in the village of Julgaum,
which is about a mile from the Camp, and about 20 children are reported to have
been attacked, of which 3 died. Upon inquiry I find that those children had been
vaccinated. Vaccination was at once commenced in this village and is now being
carried on, re-vaccination being performed also, on those who will undergo the operation.
VINGORLA.
Operations performed by or under the direction of Mr. Apothecary MUNDAY, in
charge Dispensary.
Population 10,618. No cost.
16 vac