NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
41
in his too. If you can send me details of the plans you intend to carry out, I will send them
to Government, and request that they may be sent on to the Government of India, and I would
advise you to send the sketch to Colonel Anderson for submission to Government through
the Political Department too. It is a great step and cannot be too well known; we will have
reason to be proud of it if you succeed, and I have no doubt of it."
It is almost too soon to be able to show the results of my scheme, so far I can claim for
it, that the men are better distributed and better paid; that the majority work well, and that
the falsification of Register is a far less frequent occurrence ; that small districts where no
vaccinations had ever been performed are now protected; and that Village Registers of
vaccination are being gradually introduced all over Káthiáwád.
The Barodá Káthiáwád State.
In the province of Káthiáwád, apart from the Native States, there are large districts
belonging to Barodá. For these some vaccinators are
entertained by the Barodá Darbár, but they are under
no real supervision, and their work is never inspected. I proposed to Colonel Walker, the
Assistant Political Resident in the Káthiáwád Barodá territory, that his vaccinators should
be placed under the Superintendent of Vaccination in Káthiáwád. That officer approved of
my suggestion, and wrote twice on the subject to the Political Resident at Barodá, but no
answer was ever received to his recommendations on the subject.
There is another part of Káthiáwád which is not visited by the Superintendent of
Vaccination in Káthiáwád. I refer to the tálukás of Gogo, part of Pátri, &c., which belong
to the Ahmadábád Collectorate, these might well be placed under the Superintendent of
Káthiáwád, and thereby the Superintendent of the Northern Circle relieved from visiting a
distant part of his Circle.
Lymph.
The lymph I saw was good, some very good. Most of the recent work I inspected was
also good, and this speaks also in favor of the good
quality of the lymph. Mr. Kánojí Jayarám and Mr.
Ranchoddás Mangaldás both found, on their tour of inspection, vaccinators who were working
with bad lymph; they at once started a fresh supply, which was favorably reported upon.
I made some experiments with vaccine lymph, diluted to ten times its volume with
pure glycerine and filtered water ; the result was very encouraging and worthy of notice. On
one occasion 19 children were vaccinated, with three tubes of lymph, diluted with glycerine
and filtered water ; the result was 16 successful and 3 unknown.
Cicatrices.
The following tabular statement bears on the quality of the cicatrices 1 observed during
my tour. I took notes of 11,341 cases :—
Good.
7,363
Indifferent.
1,544
Bad.
1,297
Unsuccessful.
1,137
Percentage in-
cluding "Bad.'
89.8
Deputy Superintendents.
I have much pleasure to record my entire satisfaction of the manner in which the two
Deputy Superintendents of Vaccination in Káthiáwád
(Mr. Ranchoddás Mangaldás and Mr. Kánojí Jayarám)
have performed their duties. They are both very good and trustworthy men; I think that
they should be allowed a small amount for carriage of office.
9 V R
43
register to a considerable extent, but did so when small-pox prevailed to a great extent in
the very districts he was visiting. He was also found to have been working with perfectly
effete lymph. Some men were suspended for a few months, and another chance given to
them, others were fined. The vaccinators understood at last that the days of otium cum
dignitate were over, and some set to work diligently and honestly, others resigned. There
can be no doubt that the quality and the quantity of the work performed have very greatly
improved, and when all will feel thoroughly convinced that good men are promoted and
rewarded, and that bad men are fined, suspended, or dismissed, then only will the majority
strive to give satisfaction.
Candidate Vaccinators.
When I found with what bad material I had to work with, I at once set to train young
men for the department. Three have already been
appointed, and others are in training, and will soon be
ready to fill up any vacancy that may occur. A candidate is attached to this office for a
month, so that we may judge of his conduct and character ; after that period, if the opinion
formed be favorable, he receives Rupees 4 a month as sustenance allowance, and he is sent
to learn his work under a good vaccinator. He remains with him for a couple of months,
and when he is reported fit for duty, he is again attached to this office, where his knowledge
is tested, and, if approved of, he is appointed to the first vacancy that occurs. By this time
all the men in the department have had fair warning, and false entries to any extent, or
working with bad lymph will not be tolerated any longer; further leniency would be deemed
weakness, and the good name of the department could but suffer in the opinion of the Native
Chiefs. All the vaccinators are well paid ; the lowest pay is Rupees 14, batta Rupees 5, a
peon Rupees 7, total Rupees 26; whilst others draw Rupees 32, even some Rupees 42, includ-
ing the pay of their peons. With such good pay we should have first-rate men, and were I
to remain in this Circle I would most certainly have them.
Tour.
During my tour I visited the centre, the east, the north, and west of Káthiáwád; it
would take another couple of months to visit thoroughly
the south. I could here but repeat myself were I to
enter again into details; any important remarks that my tour might call for have been noticed
in the body of the report.
Civil Authorities and Native Chiefs.
I beg to record here the great assistance I always received from Colonel Anderson, the
Political Agent in Káthiáwád; to his support and co-
operation is certainly due the introduction of the present
improved position of the Vaccine Department in Káthiáwád. My best thanks are also due to
Mr. Percival, the Joint Administrator of Bháwanagar; he has always been foremost in favor-
ing the progress of vaccination, and he has very materially assisted the reform of the Vac-
cination Department. All the Representatives of the Native States have always willingly
responded to any suggestion of mine, and they have all, without a single exception, afforded
me the help and assistance I required from them.
44
REWA KA'NTA CIRCLE.
Superintendent.—Assistant
Surgeon T. CODY.
Acting Superintendent.—Assistant
Surgeon S. B. HALIDAY.
Establishment.—1 Probationary Native Assistant Superintendent, 1 Clerk, 5 Vaccinators
under Government and Local Funds, 10 under Native Chiefs, and 2 Dispensaries.
Population estimated at 7,00,000. Total cost, Rs. 6,135-13-3. Cost of each successful
vaccination, 5 annas and 4 pies.
Establishment.
Government .........
Local Funds .........
Native Chiefs .......
Dispensaries .........
Year.
1870-71
1871-72
1870-71
1871-72
1870-71
1871-72
1870-71
1871-72
Total
Vaccinated.
6,496
1,268
......
7,314
12,658
10,899
116
465
Compared with
the preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
......
7,314
......
......
......
349
Decrease.
......
5,228
......
......
......
1,759
......
......
Success-
fully Vac-
cinated.
5,792
1,182
......
7,092
11,541
10,176
94
411
Percentage
of Success,
excluding
those
Unknown.
93.5
94.1
......
95.2
95.1
95.1
82.3
89.3
The above table gives a total number of 19,946 persons vaccinated for the year under
consideration, and an increase of 676 over the preceding year, and excluding dispensaries a
total of 19,481, which is an increase of 327 on the previous year. This total of 19,481 shows
the actual number of persons vaccinated by the 15 vaccinators.
Causes of Increase.
1. The causes of the increase are, I think, due to : 1st, the assistance rendered by the
Civil authorities; 2nd, increased industry on the part of
the vaccinators ; 3rd, increasing appreciation on the part
of the Natives of the protecting power of vaccination, and the appointment of a Native
Assistant Superintendent of Vaccination in August 1871. This man was formerly the Dohad
vaccinator, and has been in the department for several years; he, therefore, is well up to the
work, and has been favourably noticed by my predecessors ; he travelled with me for 17 days
in March, and I found him most energetic and useful; he seems to be able to manage the
Natives most successfully, and, with an admixture of tact and firmness, induces them to
cheerfully comply with all necessary requests. If he always discharges his duty as well as
at present, he will be a very useful Government servant.
Average of operations by
each Vaccinator.
2. The average number of operations by each vaccinator is 1,298. This is an increase
of 21 for each vaccinator over the preceding year.
Dispensaries have been excluded from this calculation.
Sex.
3. Of the primary vaccinations 9,565 were males
and 9,550 females. This is an increase over last year of
328 in males, and 271 in females.
45
Caste.
4. The following table shows the Castes of the
total number of primary vaccinations :—
Year.
1870-71
1871-72
Christians.
1
1
Hindus.
16,659
17,786
Musalmans.
670
460
Pársís.
1
1
Other Castes.
1,185
867
Total.
18,516
19,115
COMPARED WITH THE
PRECEDING YEAR.
Increase.
......
599
Decrease.
......
......
Age.
5. Of the primary vaccinations 6,183 were under 1 year, and 12,932 were over 1 year,
which shows an increase this year over the preceding
year of 734 in the former, and a decrease of 135 in the
latter.
Re-vaccinations.
6. The following table shows the re-vaccinations:—
Panch Maháls
Rewá Kántá
Dispensaries ......
Year.
1870-71
1871-72
1870-71
1871-72
1870-71
1871-72
Successful.
243
184
90
23
1
3
Unsuccessful.
180
62
44
52
......
......
Unknown.
71
44
10
1
......
......
Total.
494
290
144
76
1
3
Total for this year 369, being a decrease of 270 from the preceding year ; but it can be
seen from the table that it is more frequent in the Panch Maháls than in the Rewá Kántá,
which seems to point out greater intelligence on the part of the Natives in the former.
Lymph and percentage of success.
7. The lymph in use during the year was good. The cicatrices were generally good
and some of them foveated. The percentage of success
was 95.6, this is 2.1 more than in the preceding year.
Husband's tubes.
8. These tubes have been used only for preserving a reserve stock of lymph in the
office for transmission to places where the lymph died
out or when required on the sudden and extensive
appearance of small-pox, as in the late epidemic in Bombay.
Inoculation.
9. During my tour I always inquired if this was
practised, and I was invariably informed it was not.
Small-pox.
10. No small-pox was reported during the year.
Conduct of Vaccinators.
11. Three vaccinators were fined during the year for irregularities. The Sankheda
Mewás vaccinator died in August, and the work was
stopped for a month. This is the only interruption
which occurred; the conduct of the vaccinators this year was on the whole satisfactory.
47
PRESIDENCY CIRCLE.
Local Superintendent.—Sub-Assistant Surgeon ANANTA' CHANDROBA', G.G.M.C.
Establishment.—11 Vaccinators (Municipal).
Population, 6,46,636 (Census of 1872). Total cost, Rs. 10,567-2-11. Average cost of
each successful operation, 14 annas and 3 pies.
Establishment.
Government .......
Municipal ..........
Government .......
Municipal ..........
Year.
1870-71.
1871-72.
Total
Vaccinated.
7,166
4,580
....
15,457
Compared with the pre-
ceding year.
Increase.
....
....
....
10,877
Decrease.
....
....
7,166
....
Successfully
Vaccinated.
8,510
......
11,848
Percentage
of Success,
excluding
those
Unknown.
86.0
......
81.8
Operations of the year.
During the past year 15,637 operations were performed, of which 12,094 were primary,
and 3,543 re-vaccinations. Amongst the primary there
was an excess of 180 operations over the number of
persons vaccinated—the number of persons being 11,914.
Increase.
2. There was thus an increase of 594 primary
operations, and of 3,297 re-vaccinations.
Sex; Caste; Age.
3. Of those primarily vaccinated, 6,995 were males, and 4,919 females; 751 Chris-
tians, 8,624 Hindás, 1,460 Musalmans, 649 Parsís, and
790 of other castes, including Jews; 5,877 under, and
6,037 above one year of age.
Result.
4. Of the total primary operations, 10,338 were successful, giving a percentage of 90.2
of success; 1,122 were unsuccessful; and in 634 the result
could not be ascertained. One percentage of success has
considerably improved owing to the excellent cow lymph always in use during the year.
Re-vaccinations.
5. At the commencement of the past year, an epidemic of small-pox was raging with
some severity all over the island. Two European
officers in high position died from the virulence of the
poison. This circumstance frightened the European community into getting themselves
re-vaccinated. Very many from amongst them were, accordingly, operated upon—for the
most part successfully. The employés of the Dockyard, the officers and crews of the
"Magpie," "Jamná," "Dalhousie," and others were also re-vaccinated. Altogether the
number of re-vaccinations amounted, during the year, to 3,543, of which 1,510, or a
percentage of 50.16, were successful, 1,500 failures, and in 533 the results could not be
ascertained. In the instance of the " Magpie," the officers and crew were operated upon in
two batches. The first batch consisted of 51 persons. Of these some 42 took the disease, and
in many of them the vesicles were almost as good as of primary operations. Before the
result of the 2nd batch could be ascertained, the vessel sailed away to its destination—the
50
RACE OR CASTE.
Number of Deaths from Small-pox . .
Budhists, Jains.
19
Brámhans.
12
Bhátiás.
10
Hindús of other Castes.
307
Hindús Out-caste.
33
Musalmans.
176
Pársís.
8
Jews.
2
Native Christians.
23
Indo-Europeans.
2
Europeans.
3
Negro-Africans.
6
Total Deaths.
601
LOCALITIES.
Number of Deaths from
Small-pox .....
Mándvi
91
Kámáthipurá.
91
Umbarkhádí.
85
Chakhlá.
48
Bhuleshwar.
40
Kumbhárwádá.
36
Khárá Táláo.
30
Dongaríf.
24
Khetwádí.
24
Parel.
21
Mázagáon.
18
Market.
15
Fort, Northern.
12
Dhobí Taláo.
11
Phanaswádi.
9
Máhim.
9
Kolábá.
8
Girgaum.
5
Tárwadí.
4
Esplanade.
3
Wálkeshwar.
3
Mahálaxumi.
2
Chawpátí.
1
Shiwrí.
1
Warlí.
1
Non-resident and Unknown.
9
Total.
601
It will be seen from the last year's report that the localities that have now suffered most,
are almost the identical ones that suffered so terribly last year. The protection of the last year's
epidemic was not sufficient to lessen the mortality in these places, from this cause, this year ;
unmistakably showing that way that the deaths this year must have been amongst the new-
born infants. Can there be anything more convincingly clear that there is an amount of
apathy, improvidence, carelessness, and indifference, almost amounting to culpable negligence
on the part of the Natives, regarding the well-being of their children ; and that legislative
interference is absolutely and indispensably necessary to avert such a terrible and wanton
sacrifice of infant life ? Yet, year after year is allowed to pass, getting its victims by hun-
dreds, without let or hindrance, without taking any action in the matter.
Conduct of Subordinates.
12. In conclusion, I have to state that the conduct
of the subordinates has been good.
51
KUTCH CIRCLE.
One Native Assistant Superintendent, and 10 Native States' Vaccinators. under Mr,
DORA'RJI' HORMASJI, G.G.M.C.
Population, 4,00,000. Total cost, Rs. 1,426-4-4. Average cost of each successful vacci-
nation, 14 annas and 7 pies.
YEAR.
1870-71..........
1871-72..........
Total
Vaccinated.
691
1,706
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
1,015
Decrease.
......
......
Successfully
Vaccinated.
582
1,563
Percentage
of Success,
excluding
those
Unknown.
84.2
93.9
In submitting the report on vaccination for the official year 1871-72, it gives me much
pleasure to say that the number of operations performed this year has reached more than
two and a-half times as much as that of the preceding three years, as will be evident from
the accompanying table :—
Year.
1868
1869-70
1870-71
1871-72
Total number of persons
Vaccinated.
624
610
648
1,706
This favorable result is partly attributable to the appointment of vaccinators at the
towns or villages belonging to the Bháyáds. In my former reports, I had been complaining
about His Highness the Ráo's vaccinators not being allowed by the Bháyáds to vaccinate
in their own towns. This obstruction has been, to a certain extent, removed through the
influence of Colonel S. C. Law, the present Political Agent, by appointing four new vacci-
nators at the towns of the Bháyáds, and maintaining them at the expenses of the latter. The
result, however, does not seem to be so satisfactory as could be expected ; for the vaccinator
at Terá, though appointed as such since July 1871, had not been able to send in his return
containing more than 5 operations ; that at Berájá had 50 operations within 5 months; while
that at Naugrihá remains only so in name; for I have not received a single return from him,
though he was taught and sent to attend his duties since the last three months. The only
work that seems to have been done was by the vaccinator at Rohá, who had performed 188
operations within 8 months.
The above facts plainly show that though the Bháyáds of Terá, Berájá, and Naugrihá
had appointed their own vaccinators, still they had not set their hands to work ; it is there-
fore hoped that they should be made to do so the next year.
Colonel Law has succeeded in appointing two more vaccinators amongst the Bháyáds
lately, one is sent to Adhoí, and the other is receiving instructions at the dispensary ; he will
be directed to go to Mothárá as soon as he is found fit to attend to his duties.
52
With a staff of 10 vaccinators, 4 maintained at the expenses of His Highness the Ráo,
and 6 by the Bháyáds, it is expected that the progress of vaccination during the next year
will still be more favourable.
Out of 1,706 persons vaccinated, 1,563 were successful; 100 unsuccessful; and 43 did not
come under observation after the operation. Of these there were 982 Hindús and 698
Musalmans.
Lymph.
The lymph used throughout the year was good; its supply was received from Mr,
Anantá Chandrobá and Dr. Blanc: the supply from the
former acted well, while from the latter failed.
Many cases of small-pox are known to have occurred here and at other places.
53
ADEN.
One Municipal Vaccinator under Assistant Surgeon G. W. R. HAY, M.D.
Population, 32,000.
YEAR.
1870-71
1871-72
Total
Vaccinated.
691
446
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
......
......
Decrease.
......
245
Successfully
Vaccinated.
582
370
Percentage
of Success,
excluding
those
Unknown.
84.2
82.7
The lymph used during the year has been of very good quality, and the general charac-
ter of the pustules excellent. I am unable to account for the decrease, except that small-pox
not having been prevalent, the people have not been frightened into allowing their children
to be vaccinated.
There is an increasing dislike to the operation, and unfortunately only persuasion can be
used. The vaccinator Anant Vitthal has given satisfaction during the year, but I am of
opinion that a Mahomedan will succeed better. The bulk of the civil population being
Musalmans.
The following figures show the mortality from small-pox during the year 1871-72 :—
Total number of cases of small-pox during the year........
Of the Total number were vaccinated.........
Of these died of small-pox who were vaccinated.
In infancy........
In after-life......
In infancy.......
In after-life.....
Of the Total number were unprotected...............................
Of these died of small-pox..................................................
Total deaths from small-pox out of the total number of cases.......
Number.
5
......
......
......
......
5
1
1
EXTRACTS from the Report on Animal Vaccination, as carried on at the KHA'N BAHA'DUR
PESTANJI' SORA'BJI' Charitable Dispensary, Púná, for the year ending 3lst March 1872.
Medical Officer in Charge.—Sub-Assistant Surgeon BA'LKRISHNA' CHINTOBA', G.G.M.C.
The cases of animal vaccination operated upon in the past year amounted in aggregate
to 621, being in excess by 291 over those of the previous year. This increase is chiefly owing
to the establishment of stations for practising the operations at the Police stations in the
different sections or streets of the city enumerated below :—
Bhatti's
Ganesh Peth
Náná's Peth
Paras
Lakdípúl
Kumbhárves
station.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
55
Hence there has been great difficulty in ascertaining accurately the result in each operation
which is of paramount importance, and which will not, I apprehend, be accomplished until
Government is moved to render, by enactment, vaccination compulsory.
The difficulty and vexation in procuring and retaining heifers for operation is not the
less felt, although a liberal compensation is offered and paid to their owners for the loan of
them for a week or 10 days. To prevent removal from the dispensary of the calves by acts of
violence on the part of their ignorant owners during the past year, I was obliged to have
them brought to my own place of residence, by which I had the satisfaction to find that the
animals were better taken care of with regard to their proper and regular feeding and water-
ing. By this arrangement the evil, although partially abated, was, I am sorry to say, not
entirely and effectually removed; for on one occasion, just at the time of the operation, a calf
was forcibly carried away by its owner from my house, and when the aid of the police
authority was invoked they distinctly gave me to understand that, under the existing regula-
tions, they could not afford the assistance asked for.
Some of the evils and difficulties attendant upon the ignorant and illiterate state of the
people, coupled with the superstitious manners and customs prevailing in this part of the
Circle, and which cannot be fully known except by the persons concerned, are graphically
described by the Superintendent of Vaccination, Central Circle, at page 8, para. 2, of the
printed report for the year 1870-71.
In spite of the favorable result above given, on the introduction, for the first time, of
animal vaccination, I am grieved to observe the uncharitable remark made by the Superin-
tendent General in the report quoted above at page 30, para. 36 : " After the rains were over,
Sub-Assistant Surgeon Bálkrishna Chintobá, who is in charge of the Charitable Dispensary
in Púná, continued the practice for some time, but finally lost his lymph, and also, I think,
his inclination to be troubled with animal vaccination," especially so when the amount of
trouble and anxiety I had to undergo in addition to those incident to my usual dispensary
duties are taken into consideration.
In conclusion, I have to acknowledge, with thanks, the receipt of lymph kindly sent by
Dr. Anantá, and also his valuable advice, personally given while he was here on leave for
a few days, regarding the keeping of a sufficient quantity of lymph in reserve for cases of
emergency.
TABLES
OF
VACCINATION RETURNS, &c.,
FOR
1871-72.
11 V R