NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
Revised list of Agents for the sale of Punjab Government Publications,
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.
CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street,
Leicester Square, London W. C,
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & Co.,
Limited, 68-74, Carter Lane, E. C,
and 25, Museum Street, London,
W.C.
BERNARD QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street,
New Bond Street, London, W.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Limited, No. 1,
Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C.
P. S. KING & SON, 2 and 4, Great
Smith Street, Westminster, London,
S.W.
H. S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, and 9,
Pall Mall, London.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street,
London, S. W.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane,
London, E. C.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street,
London, W. C.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 and 51, Broad
Street, Oxford.
DEIGHTON, BELL, & Co., Limited, Cam-
bridge.
OLIVER & BOYD, Tweeddale Court,
Edinburgh.
E. PONSONBY, Limited, 116, Grafton
Street, Dublin.
ON THE CONTINENT.
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte,
Paris, France.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague, Hol-
land.
IN INDIA.
A. CHAND & Co., Imperial Book Depôt
Office, Delhi.
GULAB SINGH & SONS, Mufid-i-'Am
Press, Lahore.
MANAGER, Punjab Law Book Depôt,
Anarkali Bazar, Lahore.
S. MUMTAZ ALI & SON, Rafah-i-'Am
Press, Lahore (for Vernacular publi-
cations only).
RAMA KRISHNA & SONS, Book-sellers
and News Agents, Anarkali Street,
Lahore.
N. B. MATHUR, Superintendent and
Proprietor, Nazir Kanun Hind Press,
Allahabad.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA SONS & Co., Bom-
bay.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta and
Simla.
NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
R. CAMBRAY & Co., Calcutta.
THACKER & Co., Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAMS, Limited, Madras.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Calcutta.
V. KALYANARAM IYER & Co., 189,
Esplanade Row, Madras.
G. A. NATESAN & Co., Madras.
SUPERINTENDENT, AMERICAN BAPTIST
MISSION PRESS, RANGOON.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CAMEL SPECIALIST
For the year 1914-15.
L a h o r e:
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, PUNJAB,
1915.
No. 2930-S. (Rev. & Agri.-Genl.).
FROM
THE HON'BLE MR. J. P. THOMPSON, I.C.S.,
Revenue Secretary to Government,
Punjab and its Dependencies,
To
THE DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRIES,
PUNJAB.
Dated Lahore, the 4th September 1915.
Revenue and Agriculture.
General-
SIR,
I AM directed to acknowledge the receipt of the Annual Report of the
Camel Specialist for the year 1914-15, forwarded with your letter No. 2032,
dated 23rd July 1915.
I have, etc.,
J. P. THOMPSON,
Revenue Secretary to Government, Punjab.
20 DA- 871—14-9-15—SGPP Lahore.
No. 2032.
FROM
C. A. H. TOWNSEND, ESQUIRE, I.C.S.,
Director of Agriculture and Industries, Punjab.
To
THE REVENUE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT, PUNJAB.
Dated Lahore, the 4th June 1915.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to forward herewith the annual report of the Camel
Specialist for 1914-15.
2. Mr. Cross is an enthusiast in his subject, and this interesting report
bears witness to the good work he has done daring the year. The various
suggestions he makes in it which relate to Silladar and Grantee Corps are,
I presume, brought to the notice of the Military Department.
3. It has recently been decided that the appointment should bo made
permanent, and steps are being taken to provide Mr. Cross with better
accommodation in which to treat sick camels. Much of the report =e.g. that
dealing with anti-fly emulsions= might appropriately be issued as a bulletin.
A printed note on surra in camels has recently been issued and widely
circulated.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient servant,
C. A. H. TOWNSEND,
Director oj Agriculture and Industries, Punjab.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CAMEL SPECIALIST
For the year 1914-15.
I held charge of the office of Camel Specialist throughout the year.
I travelled 10,196 miles by rail and 1,637 miles by road.
2. Further experiments were carried out on the treatment of surra,
particulars of which are given in paragraph 49.
3. Forty-four camels, belonging to various corps, suffering from surra,
treated by " Arsenic alone method " or by " Arsenic and Soamin method " were
returned cured. The Officer Commanding Local Transport, Derajat Brigade,
Dera Ismail Khan reports that 68 camels of his corps suffering from surra were
treated by one or other of these methods by his staff and 54 were cured.
The number of cases cured during the year was, therefore, 44 + 54 = 98,
which, at an average price of Rs. 140, represents a saving to Government of
Rs. 140 × 98 = Rs. 13,720, as all these animals if they had not been sub-
mitted to treatment would have been destroyed.
4. Three Veterinary Duffadars underwent a course of training in the
diagnosis and treatment of surra in the camel.
5. Two hundred and twenty-one specimens were sent to this office
for examination, and the result of the examination reported to those con-
cerned.
6. The camels of the 54th, 55th, 56th and 57th Silladar Camel Corp,
and the 59th, 60th, 61st and 62nd Grantee Camel Corps and Local Transport
Bannu, and a number of private camels were examined, amounting to nearly
9,000 in all. Particulars are given in paragraph. 36 to 39.
7. Experiments with anti-fly emulsions were carried out, particulars
of which are given in paragraph 52.
8. Investigations were carried out on the diseases known as Jhooling
and Wail.
9. Investigations were carried out in connection with the course that
surra runs in the camel, and the susceptibility of other animals to camel
surra. Particulars are given in paragraph 40.
10. A tour was made in the Chenab Colony to investigate the diseases
affecting the camel in this area. Particulars are given in paragraph 70.
11. Investigations on the action of purgatives on the camel and the
doses of various purgatives that should be given were carried out. Particulars
are given in paragraph 59 to 67.
12. Various rakhs and roads were examined for biting flies.
13. One hundred and ninety-seven animals belonging to private owners
were treated for different diseases.
14. The accommodation is quite inadequate. Owing to want of sheds
the susceptibility of camels to rinderpest, anthrax, haemorrhagic septicemia,
etc., could not be carried out for fear of spread of the disease to villagers'
cattle. Plans for sheds, etc., that are absolutely essential have been submitted
to Government, and it is to be hoped that sanction will be accorded for the
erection of the buildings.
2
15. Silladar Camel Corps.—Summary of mortalities compiled from the
monthly returns sent in by the Corps :—
Name of the disease.
Destroyed on account of frac-
tures, lameness etc.
Abscess
Urinary diseases ...
Colic
Sore throat
Falls
Killed by accident...
Snake bite
Stomach staggers...
Poisonous plants ...
Camel pox
Rabies
Drain diseases
Surra
Influenza
Respiratory diseases
Unknown
Rupture of stomach
Paralysis
Sudden death
Rupture of diaphragm
Debility
Peritonitis
Pus in Frontal Sinus
Tetanus
Choking
Septicaemia
Mange
Diarrhoea
Dysentry
Anthrax
Liver diseases
Enteritis
Old age
Otitis
Lymphangitis
Rheumatism
Lost
Ship fever
Fever
Tuberculosis
Total
50th
3. C. C.
14
8
4
9
1
16
1
1
1
1
1
...
2
5
3
6
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
83
51st
S. C. C.
1
...
2
15
4
14
2
1
2
1
1
...
...
7
5
12
2
...
3
...
..
8
...
...
1
1
1
...
3
1
...
1
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
90
52nd
3. C. C.
1
3
2
17
8
2
...
6
...
...
...
...
1
4
...
15
4
1
...
...
8
...
3
1
...
...
...
5
1
...
1
2
1
...
3
7
1
13
...
...
110
53rd
S. C. C.
1
14
1
11
...
9
...
4
...
...
1
1
5
11
8
6
1
2
...
...
1
...
1
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
1
1
81
54th
S.C.C.
...
...
1
11
3
...
....
2
1
...
...
...
2
153
...
29
13
...
1
...
...
2
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
223
55th
S. C. C.
7
...
2
4
...
...
3
...
1
...
...
...
1
17
...
3
17
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
...
1
...
|
...
...
...
1
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
60
56th
S. C. C.
7
...
2
8
1
3
2
...
4
...
1
...
...
60
...
8
8
...
....
4
...
7
1
...
...
...
1
1
...
...
...
2
2
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
123
57th
S. C. C.
...
1
3
16
4
...
...
...
...
12
...
...
7
...
4
17
...
4
..
...
8
1
3
...
...
2
...
...
3
1
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
87
Total.
31
26
17
91
21
44
8
14
9
14
3
1
7
258
19
85
68
2
13
6
1
35
4
10
2
1
3
3
8
2
3
6
9
2
1
4
9
2
13
1
1
857
3
16. Mortality in the Camel Corps and Local Transport, calculated from
the mortality returns, on employed and unemployed pay:—
Corps.
Silladar Corps—
50th
51st
52nd
53rd
54th
55th
56th
57th
Local Transport—
Dera Ismail Khan
Banna
Kurrum Valley Militia
Grantee Camel Corps—
59th
60th
61st
62nd
Average
strength.
1,046
1,034
823
956
1,033
1,064
1,035
1,053
384
105
5
980
991
983
1,001
Deaths on
employed
pay.
29
34
44
33
89
15
58
47
55
17
1
...
...
...
...
Deaths on
unemployed
pay.
54
56
66
48
134
45
65
40
...
...
...
147
59
58
84
Total.
S3
90
110
81
223
60
123
87
55
17
1
147
59
58
84
Percentage.
7.9
8.7
13.3
8.4
21.5
56
11.9
8.2
14.3
16.1
20.0
15.0
5.9
5.9
8.3
17. Statement showing the total losses of camels in the Silladar
Camels Corps, Local Transport and Grantee Camel Corps from deaths and
castings during the year 1914-15 :—
Corps.
Silladar Camel Corps.
50th Campbellpur
51st Rawalpindi
52nd Jhelum ...
53rd Sargodha ...
54th Lahore
55th Montgomery
56th Montgomery
57thMultan ...
Local Transport.
Dera Ismail Khan
Bannu
Kurram Valley
Grantee Camel Corps.
59th
60th
61st
62nd
Average
Strength.
1,046
1,034
823
956
1,033
1,064
1,035
1,053
384
105
5
980
991
983
1,001
Cast.
16
13
11
46
143
111
86
107
28
...
...
58
80
102
66
Died
83
90
110
81
223
60
123
87
55
17
1
147
59
58
84
Total.
99
103
121
127
366
171
209
194
83
17
1
205
139
160
150
Percentage.
9.4
9.9
14.7
13.2
35.4
16.0
20.1
118.4
21.6
16.1
20.0
20.9
14.0
16.2
14.9
4
18. Percentage of losses by deaths for the year 1914-15 :—
Corps.
Silladar Camel Corps
Grantee Camel Corps
Local Transport
Dera Ismail Khan
Bannu
...
...
Kurram Valley Militia
Percentage,
10.6
8.7
14.3
16.1
20.0
19. Percentage of losses by deaths and castings for the year 1914-15 :—
Corps.
Silladar Camel Corps
Grantee Camel Corps
Local Transports.
Dera Ismail Khan
Bannu
Kurram Valley Militia
Percentage.
17.2
16.5
21.6
16.1
20.0
20. Total losses from deaths and castings amongst the 8 Silladar
Camel Corps, 4 Grantee Camel Corps and the Local Transports, Dera Ismail
Khan, Bannu and Kurram Valley Militia = 17.1 per cent., whereas the
total losses from deaths alone = 10.2.
21. Percentage of losses by deaths in all Silladar Camel Corps :—
Year ending 31 st March 1909
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
Percentage.
22.3
18.6
13.3
107
8.7
9.7
10.6
22. Number of eases of surra diagnosed from 1st April 1914 to the
31st March 1915 in the Silladar Camel Corps, Grantee Camel Corps, Local
Transport and private camels :—
Corps
Silladar Camel Corps.
50th Campbellpur
51st Rawalpindi
52nd Jhelum
53rd Sargodha
54th Lahore
55th Montgomery
56th Montgomery
...
...
57th Multan
Grantee Camel Corps.
59th
60th
61st
62nd
Local Transport.
Dera Ismail Khan
Bannu
Kurram Valley Militia ...
...
...
Private Camels.
Average
Strength.
1,046
1,034
823
956.
1,033
1,064
1,035
1,053
980
991
983
1,001
384
105
5
355
No. of cases
of surra.
5
5
7
9
167
17
61
8
28
11
22
21
88
6
...
23
Percentage.
0.47
048
0.85
0.94
16.1
1.5
5.8
0.75
2.8
1.1
2.2
2.09
22.9
5.7
0.0
6.4
6
(hyocyamus) and bhekker (adhaioda vasica) had been given pieces of
brick.
33. Twenty-one deaths occurred from sore throat. I have been unable
to obtain any material from such cases for investigation.
34. Six deaths are reported as " sudden deaths." Although one member
of the staff was deputed to obtain material from such cases, only 2 cases were
brought to his notice. The cause of death in these 2 cases was twist of the
bowel and suppurative nephritis, respectively.
35. The mortality in the Silladar Camel Corps has increased this year;
the increase is largely due to the number of animals destroyed in the 54th and
56th Corps on account of surra. In view of the fact that the camels of the
52nd Corps were on board ship for many weeks it would not have been,
surprising had the mortality in this Corps been higher than it is.
RESULT OF ONE DAY'S EXAMINATION OF THE CAMELS OF THE 54TH, 55TH,
56TH AND 57TH SILADAR CAMELS CROPS.
36. 54th Corvs—
At Kana Kachha
„ Malkwal
„ Jagraon
„ Sukhoke
„ Qila Skeikhupura
„ Shahdara
307
137
109
57
347
76
examined,
„
„
„
„
„
0
0
0
0
2
4
surra cases found.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
Result—-
1,033 Examined.
35 Absent.
6 Surra cases.
The camels as a whole were in excellent condition, there were a few
camels at Shahdara in poor condition, and a few at Qila Sheikhupura, these I
suggested should be carefully observed for surra.
55th Corps—
At Havali
....
„ Jamlera
537 examined,
509
„
0
0
surra cases found.
ditto.
Result —
1,086 Examined.
22 Absent.
0 Surra.
The condition of the camels, with the exception of 20, was very good,.
56th& Corvs-
At Havali
...
...
„ Jamlera
„.
...
„ Pakka Haji Majid
„ Montogomery
„ Khushab
106
115
213
232
346
examined,
„
„
„
„
1
0
0
8
15
cases of surra found.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
Result—
1,012 Examined,
56 Absent.
24 Surra..
The camels examined at Khushab are severely infected with surra..
57th Crops-"
At Jahania
...
...
1,036 examined, 6 cases of surra found.
7
Result—
1,036 Examined.
32 Absent.
6 Cases of surra.
With exception of a few the camels were in good condition.
RESULT OF A ONE DAY'S EXAMINATION OF THE CAMELS OF THE 59TH, 60TH,
61ST AND 62ND GRANTEE CAMEL CORPS.
37. 59th Corps—
At Rurala
...
...
968 examined.
Result—
968 Camels examined,
100 Camels absent.
16 Cases of surra found.
1 Case of filariasis.
(Two cases of surra amongst the private camels brought to be
registered).
60th Corps-—
At Tandlianwalla
„ Kanjwani
„ Sandianwalla
„ Sonari
307
414
260
29
1,010
camels examined.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
Result—-
1,010 Examined.
58 Absent.
2 Cases of surra.
61st Corps—
At Sandianwalla
...
„ Sonari
7..
217 camels examined.
759
ditto
976
Result-
976 Examined.
92 Absent.
1 Case of surra.
1 Case of filariasis.
62nd Corps—
At Bahalak
...
„ Tandlianwalla
741 examined.
298
ditto.
1,039
Result-
1,039 Examined,
29 Absent.
4 Cases of surra.
RESULT OF A ONE DAY'S EXAMINATION OF THE CAMELS OF THE
LOCAL TRANSPORT, BANNU.38.
137 Camels examined..
4 Cases of surra.
I Case of filariasis-.
9
99 days : no appearance of trypanosomes. Improred in condi-
tion.
Goat No, 4.—Inoculated with 1 c. c. blood (trypanosomes 1 in 1 field)
from camel No. 39 subcutaneously. Under daily blood exami-
nation for 99 days: no appearance of trypanosomes. Improved
in condition.
Dog No. 1.—Inoculated with 1 c. c. blood (trypanosomes 5 in 1 field)
direct from camel No. 240 subcutaneously. On the 9th day
after inoculation trypanosomes appeared in the blood. Died on
61st day after inoculation.
Dog No. 2.—Inoculated with 1 c. c. blood (trypanosomes 5 in 1 field)
direct from camel No. 247 subcutaneously. Trypanosomes ap-
peared in the blood on the 23rd day after inoculation. Died
on the 55th day after inoculation.
Dog No. 3.—Inoculated with 1 c. c. blood (trypanosomes 1 in 1 field)
direct from camel No. 39. Trypanosomes appeared in the blood
on the 5th day after inoculation. Died on the 37th day after
inoculation.
Dog No. 4.—Inoculated with 1 c. c. blood (trypanosomes 20 in 1 field)
direct from camel No. 1072. Trypanosomes appeared in the
blood on the 6th day after inoculation. Died on the 54th day
after inoculation.
Dog No. 5.-—Inoculated with 1 c. c. blood (trypanosomes 5 in 1 field)
direct from camel No. 187. Trypanosomes appeared in the
blood on the 6th day after inoculation. Died on the 56th day
after inoculation.
From these experiments it would appear that :-
(1) Dogs are susceptible to camel surra.
(2) Goats are insusceptible to camel surra.
With regard to the ponies no conclusion can be drawn till it is seen
whether the ponies live or die.
41. The treatment of surra.—In 1913, 47 camels of the Local Transport
Derajat Brigade, Dera Ismail Khan, were treated at Sohawa. Nineteen died
during treatment and 28 were returned cured.
Out of these 28,
O
ne relapsed.
Two were killed by accident in a storm.
Three were destroyed as they did not put
on condition.
The remaining 22, the Officer Commanding Local Transport reports on
16th April 1915, " have been working regularly since they were returned in
1913, and all, with the exception of one, are very fit." The number cured, if
the three that were destroyed on account of hot putting on condition are
omitted, is 24 out of 47 or 51 per cent.
In 1914,19 camels of the Local Transport, Derajat Brigade, Dera Ismail
Khan, were submitted to treatment at Sohawa :—
8 died during treatment.
6 returned cured.
5 still under observation at Sohawa,
The- 6 that were returned towards the end of 1914 the Officer Command-
ing states " have been working regularly and are very fit." Altogether 24 +
6 = 30 camels have been returned cured ; had they not been submitted to
treatment they would have been shot ; the saving to Government if the average
price per camel is taken at Rs. 140 : = 140 × 30 = Rs. 4,200.
42. The treatment of these surra camels having given satisfactory
results, the Officer Commanding Local Transport, Dera Ismail Khan, decided to
11
Camel No. 387.—Inooulated subcutaneously with 2 c. c. blood (trypano-
somes 2 in 1 field) direct from pony No. 1A. Trypanosomes appeared in the
blood on the 10th day after inoculation.
46. Conclusions.—Out of the 2 camels inoculated only 1 camel
developed the disease. Camel No. 2 which did not develop the disease was not
immune to camel surra, as when inoculated direct with blood from a camel
suffering from surra he developed the disease. Before any definite conclusions
can be drawn the experiment must be repeated on a larger number of camels,
but it would appear from this experiment that by passing camel surra through
ponies the virulence is decreased for the camel.
47. Do camels recover from surra without treatment ?—While a great
number of camelmen maintain that animals suffering from surra never recover,
a great number of camelmen, on the other hand, maintain that a large number
of camels do recover. With the exception of the experiments carried out some
years ago by Colonel Pease of the Civil Veterinary Department nothing is
definitely known regarding the course of the disease in the camel.
To determine the course of the disease 11 camels suffering from surra
and in fair condition have been obtained from Camel Corps. They are
under daily blood examination and a daily record is kept of their temperature
and of the presence or absence of trypanosomes in the peripheral circulation.
They are given good grazing, 6 lbs. of gram daily and as much bhoosa as they
can eat. When green fodder is available, this is given in place of bhoosa, in
other words they are being kept under the most favourable conditions. They
are weighed periodically :—
No, of camel.
1,759
658
894
1,653
714
1,987
1,959
1,063
1,061
2,921
606
Weight on10th
November 1914.
Mds.
14
15
14
15
14
...
...
...
...
...
...
Weight on 21th
March 1915.
Mds.
13 ½
15
13 ½
15 ½
13 ½
14 ½
12
17 ½
15 ½
...
...
48. In addition to these camels a villager about six miles from Sohawa
has seven surra infected camels. These camels are worked and. grazed in
Amritsar and Ambala Districts, and are only kept at his home for a few
months during the year. These camels were first diagnosed by me as surra
infected on the 29th September 1913. Since that time I have had them
under observation. Prom the time they were diagnosed with surra (29th
March 1913) till November 1914 they were grazed at his home and given
no work. In November 1914 they were taken to Ambala to graze and work
Out of the seven, two males have died and the dachi aborted.
49. The treatment of surra by iodine and other drugs.—In 1913-14 one
camel was treated by ten gradually increasing doses of iodine dissolved in
potassium iodide and given intravenously. The strength of the solution was
one per cent. The initial dose was one gm. and the doses were gradually
increased to 1.5 gms. This camel showed no return of trypanosomes (132)
days), but did not improve in condition. As from this case iodine gave some
Promise
of
success
further
expriments
were
carried
out
although
so
far
13
no better results. The stomoxys appearing on the camel 25—30 minutes after
the application of the emulsion. Tabanidæ appeared on the sprayed and
control camels at the same time about three hours after the application of the
cmulsion.
Result.—Stomoxys were kept off for 25 minutes.
Three hours after the application Tabanidæ were not prevented
from biting.
During the night mosquitoes worried the camels greatly, and there was no
difference between the control and sprayed camels.
EXPERIMENT III.—TARAMIRA OIL EMULSION.
Soap.
11b.
Taramira oil.
20 ozs.
Water.
1 gallon.
Amount applied to each camel.
3 pints.
Stomoxys disappeared on application of the emulsion, but in 25—30 minutes
were again seen on the sprayed camels. Tabanidæ appeared at the same time
on the sprayed and control camels, about 3 hours after the application of the
emulsion.
Result.—Stomoxys were kept off 25—30 minutes.
Three hours after the application Tabanidæ were not prevented from
biting.
EXPERIMENT IV.
The above experiment was repeated. The same result was obtained,
and the sprayed camels were worried at night by mosquitoes to the same
extent as the control camels.
EXPERIMENT V.
Anti-fly emulsion submitted to me for trial by Mr. Warde of the Forest
Department. This preparation had been found very useful by Mr. Warde who
very kindly offered to make some up for me for trial. The preparation is non-
oily, and has a very pungent odour, and would appear to contain amongst other
things eucaplytus oil and turpentine. Only one pint was submitted for trial.
This quantity was not sufficient, but was sprayed on to one camel. Stomoxys
at once left the camel on spraying, and did not return to it for an
hour. Its efficacy with regard to stomoxys was, therefore, double that of
the kerosine oil emulsion and Taramira oil emulsion. Tabanidæ appeared on
the controls and the camel sprayed with this emulsion at the same time,
namely, 3—4 hours after the application.
Result.—Stomoxys were kept off for one hour.
Three to four hours after the application Tabanidæ were not kept off.
As this preparation gave some promise of success three pints were
obtained from Mr. Warde and sprayed on to a camel. At a distance of four
yards from the camel the odour of the preparation could be distinctly smelt.
Tabanidæ were seen on the camel at the same time as the control about three
hours after the application.
Although it had very little effect against the flies, its effect was very-
marked on the camel. The camel was restless all day, did not graze and was off
his evening feed of gram. Next morning it was noticed that the skin was
slightly blistered. The solution was at once washed off, and the camel was
perfectly well the next day.
I mentioned the effect of his preparation on the camel to Mr. Warde,
and he stated that once when he had applied it to some of his hens for ticks
they died shortly afterwards : he had, however, not attributed at that time the
deaths of his hens to the solution, but he was now convinced that the cause of
death was spraying them with the solution,