NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
30
At the hill Sanitarium of Tárágarh the drinking water supplied to the con-
valescents is obtained from the Doodea well in the city of Ajmere. The analysis
published in the report on Nasirabad shows that it is a most unsafe drinking
water.
At Nasirabad the troops are at present supplied from two wells, only one of
which is proved by analysis to contain good water. A reservoir, regarding
which full details are given in my report on that station, has been constructed
among the hills about five miles from the Camp, and although the water from it,
owing to a large amount of vegetable contamination, is not at present fit for
immediate use, I am confident when the filtering and storage arrangements have
been improved that it will yield very good water. The inhabitants of the Sadar
Bázár are at present solely dependent for their drinking water on diggies and
surface wells, the water in which is simply sewage; and until the Danta Lake
water, supplemented from the Bir tank, can be brought into the bázár, its condition
must be a standing danger to the troops. The Analyst made a very complete
analysis of all the waters at Nasirabad.
At Neemuch the water-supply is solely derived from wells sunk in the late-
rite rock. The troops obtain their supply from the hospital well, which contains
water of good quality, but which is open to danger, as I have explained in my
report on that station. The water in the wells in the Sadar Bázár at Nee-
much is very impure and is a source of danger to the troops frequenting it. The
analyses are embodied in the report.
At Indore the water for the troops is obtained from a well sunk on the
black cotton soil. As this is open and situated close to a public road, it must,
at all times, be liable to pollution.
At Mhow the water-supply is derived from surface wells, many of which
are at a lower level than the barracks, and they are at all times liable to be
contaminated by surface impurities. Full details regarding the water supplied
to the troops and that used in the Sadar Bázár, which is most impure, will be found
in my report on that station together with the analyses made by the Analyst.
At Asirgarh the drinking water for the detachment is obtained from a well
sunk on the banks of the Sukkur Tank. Drains have with great judgment been
made to cut off water flowing over inhabited areas from finding its way into the
drinking water-supply and to convey it into another tank at a lower level. The
catchment area of the tank is formed by the parade ground and the greatest
care is taken to keep this clean. The tank water is filtered through sand before
it passes into the well, and the beneficial effect of this treatment in reducing the
amount of organic matter is seen from a comparison of the water taken from
the tank and that from the well:—
Sukkur Tank
Well
Do. after passing through the Macnamara filter
Parts per Million.
Free Ammonia.
026
Nil.
Nil.
Albuminoid Am-
monia.
7
13
09
The water from the two nálás on the road from Chandni Eailway Station to
Asirgarh and that from a well and the nála at Chandni is in each instance bad.
31
Date.
8th January.
Do.
Do.
...
Do.
9th do. ...
Do.
...
Do.
Do.
Do.
20th do.
Do.
Do.
Station.
Asirgarh . .
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do. ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Chandni ...
Do.
Source.
Mama banja tank
Well behind tent store
Sepoy tank
Sukkur tank
Sukkur tank well (filtered)
Do. after being shaken up
in musuck.
Do. from filter tub in Station
Hospital.
Do,
from Macnamara filter
in Station Hospital.
Dhuvara nála nearer Asirgarh
than Chandni.
Simul nala nearer Chandni
than Asirgarh.
Nála at Chandni
Well at Chandni
GRAINS PER GALLON.
Total
Solids.
11·9
29·4
23·1
26·9
23·1
25·2
25·9
23·
28·7
23·1
26·2
33·6
Chlorine.
1·26
1·05
2·24
2·17
1·96
2·
2·
1·92
1·12
1·05
1·26
2·2
PARTS PER MILLION.
Free
Ammonia.
026
Nil.
106
026
Nil.
026
026
Nil.
08
026
052
026
Albu-
minoid
Ammonia.
6
11
8
7
13
15
15
09
42
2
17
26
Sediment, &c.
Copious, vegetable debris, con-
fervæ, monads, paramecia,
rotifera.
Vegetable debris, monads, para-
mecia, confervæ.
Copious, vegetable debris, mo-
nads, paramecia, rotifera, oscil-
latoreæ, confervæ.
Copious, vegetable debris, mo-
nads, paramecia, rotifera.
Vegetable debris,
confervæ,
monads, paramecia.
Copious, vegetable debris, mo-
nads, paramecia, rotifera.
The same as above
Very scanty, vegetable debris .
Copious, vegetable debris, mo-
nads, paramecia, vorticella, cu-
plotæ, confervæ, rotifera.
Copious, vegetable debris, mo-
nads, paramecia, rotifera.
The same as above
Copious, vegetable debris, mo-
nads, paramecia, rotifera, voi-
ticella.
Quality.
Bad.
Fair.
Bad.
Do.
Fair.
Bad.
Do.
Good.
Bad.
Do.
Do.
Do.
At Devláli the water is derived from wells. The water is said to be pure and
wholesome, but to run dry during the hot weather.
At Ahmednagar the troops are supplied with water brought into Camp
through old native aqueducts from wells situated near the base of the surround-
ing hills. The European troops obtain their water from the Bhingár and Shá-
hápur aqueducts, but the latter source dries up during the hot weather.
The water at each source is of excellent quality, as will be seen by the ana-
lysis, which is as follows :—
Bhingár aqueduct
Sháhápur „
Grains per Gallon.
Total Solids.
16·8
18·2
Chlorine.
0·91
1·00
Parts per Million.
Free Ammonia.
0·00
0·00
Albuminoid
Ammonia.
0·04
0·04
The water from the Sháhápur aqueduct flows into an open tank between the
Infantry Barracks and the officers' houses, from whence it is drawn by Bhisties,
whilst the Bhingar aqueduct supplies the Artillery Barracks.
It is much to be lamented that water brought into Camp in a pure
state should not reach the men in an equally pure condition but that its quality
should be deteriorated by the objectionable mode of distribution, by leaves,
dust, &c., blowing into the tank. As recommended in my report on this station
in 1876, this tank should be covered and the water pumped up for distribution
to each set of barracks.
Another source of danger is that, the aqueducts on their way into Camp
have been broken into by villagers, &c. This practice should be rigorously
dealt with, as by it dangerous impurities may easily find their way into the water-
supply.
33
Date.
1883.
th March. ...
Do.
...
Do.
...
Do.
...
21st do.
...
Do.
...
Do.
...
Do.
...
22nd do. ...
Do
Do.
...
Do.
...
24th do.
...
Do.
..
Do.
..
Do.
..
25th do.
..
Do.
..
Do.
..
Do.
..
26th do. ..
Do.
..
Do. ...
Do.
27th do. ..
Do.
..
Do. ...
Do.
..
Station.
Poona. ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
..
Do. ..
Do. ..
Do. ..
Do. ..
Do. ..
Do. ..
Do, ..
Do. ...
Do. ..
Do. ..
Do. ..
Source.
Khadakvásla at source
Do. from
canal outside
sluices.
Do. stand-pipe
supplying
Station Hospital.
Do.
do.
Bhisti's
musuck, Station Hospital.
Do.
do. filter tub,
Station Hospital.
Do.
do.
Macnamara
filter, Station Hospital.
Do.
do.
cook-room
barrel, Station Hospital.
Do. tank in Military Prison.
Do.
do. filter tub, Military
Prison.
Do.
do. Macnamara filter.
Military Prison.
Do. filter tub, No. 6 block of
East Yorkshire Regi-
ment, Wanowrie lines.
Do. Macnamara filter do. ...
Do. filter tub, No. 16, block,
Riñe Brigade, Wanowrie
linea.
Do. Macnamara filter, do. ..
Do. pipe supplying York and
Lancaster Regiments a1
Ghorepuri.
Do. ghara filtered water, do
Sodawater from Mr. Hormasji
Motabhai's shop in Main
Street, Sadar Bázár.
Do. from Mr. Bejonji Jam-
shedji's shop in Main
Street, Sadar Bázár.,
Do. from Mr. Merwanji Cur
setji's shop in East Street-
Do. from Mr, Esubai's shop
opposite liquor-shop near
Batlivala's houd.
Do. from Syena Nagoo's shop
in Camatipura.
Do. from Haroo Multani's
shop in Main Street.
Do. from Malku Makaji's shop
in Main Street.
Do. from
Mr.
Nurbhai
- Mamodali's shop in Sholá-
pur Bázár.
Water from prostitute's house
(registered No. 165) in Nána's
Do. (registered No. 147) in
Sholápur Bázár.
Do. (registered No. 94) in
Ghorepuri bázár.
Do. (registered No. 53) in
Wanowrie bázár.
GRAINS PER GALLON.
Total
Solids.
4.5
4.52
4.2
4.5
4.5
4.
4.5
4.2
4.5
4.
4.9
4.
4.9
4.
4.2
4.2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
14.2
11.
7.7
7.
Chlorine.
•72
•72
•7
•72
•72
•7
•72
•7
•72
•7
•73
•7
•74
•7
•7
•7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.2
1
•9
•9
PARTS PER
Free
Ammonia.
•0132
•0132
•005
•0132
•0132
Nil.
•0132
•005
•0132
Nil.
•026
Nil.
•026
Nil.
•008
Nil.
.0132
•005
•026
.026
•0132
•0132
•0132
.0052
•0132
•026
•026
•0132
MILLION.
Albu-
minoid
Ammonia.
11
•08
•04
•13
•14
•04
•14
•05.
•11
•035
•14
•041
•13
•044
•04
'08
•06
•06
•09
•16
•11
.11
•14
.09
•15
•14
•14
•16
Sediment, &c.
Scanty, vegetable debris, mo-
nads, paramecia, confervæ
diatomaceæ.
The same as above
Very scanty, vegetable debris
monads.
Copious, vegetable debris, mo
nads, paramecia, rotifera.
The same as above
Nil
Copious, vegetable debris, para
mecia, rotifera.
Scanty, vegetable debris, mo
nads.
Copious, vegetable debris, mo
nads, paramecia.
Nil
Copious, vegetable debris, para
mecia, rotifera.
Very scanty
Copious, vegetable debris, con
fervæ, paramecia, rotifera.
Nil
Scanty, vegetable debris, mo
nads.
Scanty, vegetable debris
Copious, vegetable debris, para
mecia, rotifera.
The same as above
...
Do.
do.
...
—
Do.
do.
Quality.
Fair.
Good.
Do.
Bad.
Do.
Good.
Bad.
Good.
Fair.
Good.
Bad.
Good.
Bad.
Good.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Fair.
Do.
Baa.
Good.
Bad.
Do.
Do.
Do.
B 357—9
36
"Tourmaline at Bombay,
the 22nd of March 1883.
SIB,
In answer to your letter of the 5th instant (No. 53, 1883,) I have the honour to inform
you that the rations supplied to men in the Royal Navy while serving on the East Indian
station are precisely the same as on the Home station, in accordance with the following
scale :—
Fresh Meat...
...
... Lb. 1 daily.
In Harbour.
Vegetables ...
...
...
"
½
"
*Soft Bread
...
... „ 1¼ „
Salt Pork ...
...
... „ 1
„
with Split Peas
...
„ \1/3\ „
Celery Seed
...
... As requisite
alternately with—
At Sea.
Salt
Beef ...
...
... Lb. 1 daily.
with Flour
...
... Ozs. 9
„
I Suet
...
...
... „ \3/4\ „
Raisins
...
...
... „ 1½ ,,
except on every fourth day, when the following is issued :—
Preserved Meat
...
... Lb. \3/4\ daily.
with preserved Potatoes or Rice ... Oz. 4
„
Rum
...
...
... Pt. \1/8\ „
Sugar
...
...
... Ozs. 2
„
Both at Sea Cocoa
...
...
... „ 1
„
and in Har- Tea
...
...
„ \1/4\ „
bour.
Mustard ...
...
...
"
½
weekly.
Pepper
.,,
...
... „ \1/4\ „
Vinegar
...
...
... Pt. \1/4\ ,,
* The same quantity of biscuit in lieu at sea-
When men are engaged on special duty, an extra ration of chocolate, or occasionally
rum, is issued.
On the recommendation of the Medical Officer, lime juice, oz. 2, is issued daily at sea.
The following are the meal hours :—
Breakfast (Bread and Cocoa)
Dinner (Meat and Vegetables, &c.)
Supper (Bread and Tea)
...
...
6-45 A.M.
Noon.
4-30 P.M.
N.B.—It is customary for men to save something from dinner to eat privately at a later hour.
(2). With regard to alteration, I would recommend that an extra ration of soluble
chocolate (which can be rapidly prepared) should be issued every morning, soon after the
men turn out (usually 5 A.M.), that the breakfast hour should be 8 A.M. instead of 6-45, that
supper should be at 6 P.M. instead of 4-30. The day would then be more equally divided.
At present the interval between the 4-30 supper hour and the following breakfast is more
than 14 hours, which is much too great.
The new hours would be thus :—
Early chocolate
Breakfast
Dinner
Supper
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
5 A.M.
... 8 „
... 1 P.M.
... 6 „
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) CHARLES L. RIDOUT,
Staff Surgeon, R. N."
37
" No. 16 OP 1883-84.
Chemical Analyser's Office,
Bombay, 5th April 1883.
FROM
THE CHEMICAL ANALYSER TO GOVERNMENT;
To
DEPUTY SURGEON GENERAL HEWLETT,
ON SPECIAL DUTY,
Bombay.
SIR,
I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter No. 263 of 26th ultimo with enclo-
sure from Staff Surgeon, Ridout, R. N., herewith enclosed, and beg to forward the following
statements showing the nutritive values of the various articles of diet supplied to the British
soldier in India and to the men of the Royal Navy serving in the East Indian station :—
2.
DIET OF THE BRITISH SOLDIER IN INDIA.
Nutritive Value in Ounces Avoirdupois and in 10ths of Ounces.
Articles.
Meat (1/5th bone)
Bread
Potatoes
Onions (as mixed vegetables)
A. Rice
B. Flour
Tea
Sugar
Salt
Total quantity A
,,
,,
B
Daily
quantity.
12 Oz.
16
,
12
,
4
4
4
5/3
2½
55.88
55.88
Water.
9.60
6.50
8.88
3.64
•42
•60
...
•08
...
29.12
29.30
Nitroge-
nous Subs-
tances.
1.91
1.18
•18
•08
•02
•44
...
...
3.55
3.79
Fat.
1.07
•24
•01
•02
•03
•08
...
...
...
1.37
1.32
Carbo-
hydrates.
7.87
2.81
•23
3.33
2.81
2.40
...
16.64
16.12
Salts.
•210
•208
•015
•025
. 020
•068
...
•019
•666
1164
1.212
Total Nitrogen in the foregoing diets
Total Salts
Carbon in Albuminates
„
Fats ...
„
Starches
Total Carbon in
A
244.95 grains.
•••B
261.51 „
A
511.0
„
•••B
530.21
„
A
827.15
,,
...B
883.07
„
A 473.47
„
... B 456.19
„
A
3,231.49
„
B 3,130.50
„
A 4,532.11 „
B
4,469.76 „
Remarks.—In the above statement two values of the diet are indicated, in A the value
when rice is taken, in B when flour is taken as part of the diet. In both the total nitrogen is
deficient and is below the quantity in the standard average diet of a European which con-
tains about 316.5 grains. Carbon is also below the average standard (4,862 grains). The
proportion of carbon is too large for the nitrogen. Fat is very deficient, and all the carbon
mostly is yielded by the carbo-hydrates and not by the fat. Diet would be improved by
the addition of a small quantity of oil or butter with peas or beans. Accessory foods are
deficient. Vinegar has been strongly recommended as an addition. The salts in the diet
are sufficient. Greater variety is required for perfect health so as to suit the peculiarities in
taste of the men. In India the diet is probably insufficient for even light labour and is al-
together insufficient for soldiers undergoing severe exertion in the field.
BRITISH SAILOR ON EAST INDIAN STATION—DIET IN
harbour.
Nutritive Value in Ounces Avoirdupois and in 10ths of Ounces.
Articles.
Fresh meat (1/5th bone)
Vegetables
Soft Bread ...
Sugar
Total quantity ...
Daily
quantity.
16 Ozs.
8 „
20 „
2 „
46 Ozs.
Water.
9.60
7.28
8.00
0.06
24.94
Nitroge-
nous Subs-
tances.
1.91
•16
1.60
...
3.67
Fat.
1.07
•04
0.30
...
1.41
Carbo-
hydrates.
•46
9.84
1.93
12.23
Salts.
•210
•050
•260
.010
•531
Total Nitrogen
„ Salts
Carbon in Albuminates
„ Fat
„ Carbo-hydrates
Total Carbon
252.23 grains.
...
231.875 „
...
855.11
... 487.29
... 2,375.06
... 3,717.46
„
B 357—10
44
At most stations the night-soil is deposited in trenches, the site of which at
Neemuch is only 600 yards from the hospital, in the direction from which the
wind blows during the cold weather; but generally speaking the site of the
trenches is a safe one as regards the barracks, though, as at Mhow, they are not
always safe as regards native villages, public roads, &c., in the neighbourhood,
or, as at Baroda, where the manure yard adjoins the Sadar Bázár. The
removal of the solid refuse from regimental lines is as a rule extremely well
carried out, but its mode of disposal is as objectionable as the massing of the
night-soil in pits; for, as at Karáchi, Neemuch, Belgaum, &c., it is collected in
heaps which slowly undergo decomposition.
Bázárs.
The bázárs are in my opinion, almost without exception, in an unsatis-
factory state from a sanitary point of view. I readily acknowledge
that with the limited means at their disposal the Cantonment Magistrates do
all they can to keep them clean, but the radical defects as regards regularity
with respect to houses, the entire absence of any proper sewerage system, the
dangerous cesspools in use, the faulty latrines, the large number of animals
that are allowed in them, &c., &c., are of such magnitude as to render their
efforts nugatory.
The soldier most especially frequents the lowest quarters where the
brothels are situated, where he is exposed to many temptations, for convenient-
ly near the prostitutes' houses are generally to be found vendors of spirits, soda-
water, ginger pop, and such like beverages. The prostitutes, who are recruited
from the lowest castes, almost invariably live in dark, damp, and badly ventilat-
ed houses. There is not unfrequently a privy or a cesspool close by, and the man,
often half drunk, sleeps on a cot within a few feet of it. By the rules the prosti-
tutes are compelled to keep water for ablation and drinking purposes in their
rooms, and the analyses of the water found in such places show how impure it
invariably is, as also how deleterious are the beverages usually sold in the
bázárs. I regard the prostitutes' houses as hotbeds of diseases other than
Venereal complaints. The drainage of bázárs is, I have said, most imperfect, and
though, as at Nasirabad, Neemuch and partly at Mhow and in other stations, en-
deavours are being made to improve them in this respect, it will take much time
and more money before they can be considered even approximately safe in this
respect.
I have therefore no hesitation in saying that men predisposed by youth and
recent arrival are exposed to danger in frequenting the bázárs, whilst
the sanitary state of native villages in the immediate neighbourhood of Canton-
ments is much worse; for, when these are situated in foreign territory, no attempt
is made in the direction of sanitation, and even in places under British rule only
the most prominent causes of disease are removed.
OÍ
TABLE
VII.
Admissions and Deaths from Enteric Fever arranged by Corps in each Station during each of the 10 years, 1872 to 1881.
YEARS.
1872
I
1873
f.
1874
.
1
1875
1
1876
.,
1..
1877
'
1878
1879
1880
1 1
1881
...
Total ...13
1
I
KARA'CHI.
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1 6 3
1 .
2 1
5 2
5 4 2
1 3 3
... 3 2 1 1
1*29 19
... 4 4
3 2
8 56 36 1 1
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1
3
E?
g
G
—*
D
1
1
2
SA'TA'RA
A
3
1
1
2
7
S
±3
D
2
2
BELGAUM.
A
4
R
S
D
4
A
7
§
c
-H
D
5
ADBÎ«
&
(0
?
<î
d
>>
S
tí
â. I>
1
1
$ 1
A
1
?,
7
.
t
s
s
D
2
S
SOUTHERN
AFGHANIS-
TAN.
ery.
s-
<
"d
A D
?
2
p
s
A
16
16
D
8
8
TROOPS
MARCH-
ING.
;
(
A
1
3
î?
ï
<
1 o
1°A
1
1
2
S?
c
d
S
D
1
1
TOTAL.
An
A
40
17
32
28
44
30
45
29
94
42
401
D
24
14
14
18
10
14
25
19
57
23
232
. A. Men of all arms are included in these figures as all patients including those sent down from the Front were treated in the Base Hospital betweon 1st June and 31st Pecember 1880.
t B. The admissions for Royal Artillery and Infantry are not shown separately. All are «ntered in the return under Infantfy.
49
the barracks in a south-east direction whith a nearly W. S. W. aspect and
exposed to the prevailing winds, which are westerly and from the sea."
Efforts have been made to improve the surface drainage, but water still
lies in places after heavy rain, and no doubt the retentive nature of the sub-soil is
one of the causes of fever.
The wastage water from the plunge-bath and from the dipping well near
the filters is carried away by a drain paved with sandstone to a nála between the
barracks and the railway, but the stones are porous and the water escapes and
forms a line of moisture to the north-east of some of the barracks. Regarding
the barracks themselves the only thing I can suggest is that the long rooms be
divided into two by a partition wall so as to reduce the draught and that over
the doors rectangular windows be provided which should open upwards, as sug-
gested by the Army Sanitary Commission and Mr. Lurnsdaine, so as to direct the
current of air entering them upwards and not downwards on to the men's cots ;
and perhaps it might be well, as an experiment, to hang chicks along the outer
verandahs so as to diminish the force of the wind, and if this is found to have
any effect in reducing sickness, fixed Venetians might be applied.
The three Artillery or Somerset Barracks are upper-storied buildings and
are out of the line of wind blowing off the swamp. Another great source of safety
to them is that, although they are close to the Sadar Bázár, they are to wind-
ward of it, and the men are, therefore, not exposed to the danger of breathing air
blowing over a foul population group ; and although the men occupying them
cannot be said to have been healthy, yet that they have been healthier than the
men in the Napier Barracks will be seen by the following table, showing the
ratio of admissions and deaths from the principal diseases per 1,000 of average
strength : —
Period—Six years, 1877—82.
Royal Artillery
Infantry
Cholera.
A
0
0 3
D.
0
0 3
Enteric
Fever.
A.
4 6
5 8
D.
1 1
40
All Fevers
except
Entefic.
A.
1,045 9
1,642 3
D.
2 3
5
Dysentery.
A.
19 5
51 8
D.
3 4
4 0
Diarrhoea.
A.
45 9
115 2
D.
0
0 3
All Causes.
A.
1,975 9
2,476 1
D.
17 2
24 2
I do not wish to lay too great stress on these figures, because for seven months
in 1880 the Base Hospital was established in Karáchi and men sent from the
army in Afghanistan were treated in it. Still if these admissions are elimi-
nated altogether, it will be seen that there has been more sickness among the
Infantry than among the Artillery.
It is only fair also to state that the 98th Regiment landed on the 5th Sep-
tember 1880 from Malta and, like all new regiments, suffered on first arrival. The
higher rate of dysentery and diarrhœa among the Infantry is a noticeable fact.
The analysis of the water in the wells which formerly supplied the Infantry
and Artillery is as follows :—
Well supplying Napier Barracks
Do.
Somerset do.
GRAINS PER GALLON.
Total Solids.
79 1
112
Chlorine.
29 4
48 65
PARTS PER MILLION.
Free Ammonia.
Nil
0 26
Albuminoid
Ammonia.
06
06
B 357—13
51
Artillery, Karachi.
Year.
1877...
1878...
1879...
1880...
1881...
1882 ..
Corps.
I/1 Royal Artillery .
D/2
do.
D/2
do.
M/1
do.
D/2
do.
M/l
do.
D/B Royal Horse
Artillery
M/l Royal Artillery
14/9
do.
15/9
do.
M/l
do.
A/4
do.
E/2
do.
Period.
Jan. to Nov.
Nov. and Dec. ...
Jan. to Dec.
Nov. and Dec. ...
Jan. and Mar. ..
Jan. to Dec,
March to June ..
Jan. to July
March
March to June..
Jan. to Dec.
December
Jan. to Dec.
Actual Strength.
141
133
127
115
10
146
125
117
45
46
146
147
131
Average Annual Strength.
131
22
127
19
2
146
41
68
4
22
14
1
13
87
Cholera.
A.
...
...
...
D.
...
...
...
Enteric Fever.
A.
4
4
D.
1
1
Simple Continued
Fever.
A.
4
87
1
9
20
121
D.
...
...
Febricula.
A.
...
1
2
29
32
D.
...
...
Intermittent Fever.
A.
44
21
80
24
1
346
51
35
53
47
16
11
729
D.
Remittent Fever.
A.
. ..
1
5
17
1
3
...
2
29
D.
...
...
...
i
1
...
...
2
All Fevers except
Enteric.
A.
48
21
168
29
1
364
52
35
56
88
16
33
911
D.
...
...
1
1
...
...
2
Dysentery
A.
8
2
3
...
3
1
17
D.
1
.
..
1
..
Diarrhæa
A.
1
13
. ..
6
1
1
10
8
40
D.
:::
...
...
...
...
All Causes.
A.
150
47
311
40
5
470
96
72
3
72
240
28
187
1,721
D.
1
5
1
2
1
1
3
1
15
Cholera.
A. D.
RATIO PER 1,000 ON ANNUAL AVERAGE - STRENGTH.
Enteric Fever
A.
30.5
4.6
D.
7.6
1.1
All Fevers except Enteric.
A.
366.4
954.5
1,322.8
1,526.3
2,493.2
1,268.3
514.7
2,545.5
602.7
1,333.3
251.9
1,045.9
D.
6.8
24.4
...
...
2.3
Dysentery.
A.
63.0
...
73.2
...
20.5
7.6
19.5
D.
7.9
...
...
...
6.8
...
3.4
Diarrhœa.
A.
7.6
102.1
41.1
24.4
14.7
68.5
61.0
45.9
D.
:::
...
...
...
...
...
...
All Causes.
A.
1,145.0
2,136.4
2,448'0
2,105.3
3,219.2
2,341.5
1,058.8
750.0
3,272.7
1,643.8
2,333.3
1,427.5
1,975.9
D.
7.6
...
39.3
...
13.7
24.4
14.7
...
...
20.5
83.3
...
17.2