NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS.
13
Calcutta—a state of things which forms a great contrast with its frequent
occurrence in other parts of India. It is well known that young Europeans
of short residence in the country are particularly liable to be attacked, and it
is all the more surprising that there should be so little of this form of
fever in Calcutta, where every year there is a large immigration of youthful
persons from England and the Continent of Europe. Possibly the purity of the
water-supply may account for the immunity which Calcutta enjoys.
36. Cerebro-spinal Fever. —The Superintendent of the Cambell Hospital
says in his report that there were four cases of cerebro-spinal fever and all
were fatal. The Superintendent of the Mayo Hospital also reports that there
were thirteen admissions from this disease in that institution with four deaths.
The Superintendents of the other hospitals do not return any cases under this
head.
37. Rheumatic affections were not more than usually prevalent.
38. The figures relating to the other diseases given in the return differ
little from those of 1886 and previous years, and do not call for any special
remarks.
20
REPORT ON THE
60. The total income of the combined institutions was Rs. 4,45,839-4
derived from the following sources:—
RS. A. P.
a .—Balance on 1st January 1887
...
. . .
14,329 7 3
b.—Contributed by Government
...
...
2,53,419 3 11
c .—From local and municipal funds, interest on in -
vestments, subscriptions, &c.
...
...
1,78,090 8 10
4,45,839 4 0
The total expenditure was—
a.—Cost of establishment, medicines, diet and up-keep
of the hospitals generally
...
...
3,99,069 4 2
b .—Invested during the year
...
. . .
30,837 2 8
Balance on 31st December 1887
. . .
15,932 13 2
4,45,839 4 0
Comparing these figures with those of 1886, we find
—
1887.
1886.
RS. A. P.
RS.
A. P.
1st.—That the net cost of the hos -
pitals to Government was
... 2,53,419 3 11 2,51,355 4 7
2nd.—Receipts from local and muni -
cipal funds, interest on invest -
ments, subscriptions, &c
... 1,78,090 8 10 1,81,174 0 6
3rd.—Cost of establishment, mainte-
nance, &c.
...
... 3,99,069 4 2 4,37,670 12 8
4th.—Invested during the year
...
30,837 2 8
......
61. It will be seen from the above that the hospitals collectively cost the
Government Rs. 2,063-15-4 more than they did in 1886, while the income from
local sources decreased by Rs. 3,083-7-8. The gross expenditure, however, fell
from Rs. 4,37,670-12-8 to Rs. 3,99,069-4-2 in 1887. The cause of these
variations cannot be accurately gathered from the reports and accounts rendered
by the different medical officers, but it would appear that the large sum which
had to be given by Government to the General Hospital in 1887, was not counter
- b a l a n c e d b y t h e d i m i n i s h e d G o v e r n m e n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e o t h e r h o s p i t a l s .
The cost of salaries at the Medical College Hospital and the Presidency General
Hospital increased during the year from causes which were unavoidable. The
income exclusive of the Government grant was less in 1887 owing to the smaller
amount received from local funds and from European subscriptions.
62. The rate per cent. contributed by Government to the cost of the
several hospitals was as follows :—
1887.
1886.
Medical College Hospital
...
... 77.72
75.88
Presidency General Hospital
...
...
65.55
49.85
Mayo Institutions
...
...
. . .
63.52
59.93
Campbell Hospital
...
...
... 49.01
49.63
Police Hospital
...
...
... 41.57
41.59
Howrah Hospital
...
...
... 21.33
14.
Voluntary Lock-hospitals
...
. . .
99.76
99.75
63. The chief points in connection with the income and expenditure at
the several institutions which require to be noticed are given below
:—
Medical College Hospital. —The income from Government shows a consider
- a b l e d e c r e a s e o w i n g t o t h e d i m i n i s h e d c o s t o f m e d i c i n e s , d i e t , m i s c e l l a n e o u s a n d
public works charges. That from other sources has been swelled by a donation
of Rs. 22,409 from Mrs. Ezra and Rs. 400 from Mrs. Sabina or Heritage, but in
other respects it is less than 1886.
64. The expenditure shows an increase on establishment charges owing to
the employment for a part of the year of Assistant Surgeons of a higher grade
26
REPORT ON THE CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS.
against 23 and 4 .7 per cent. respectively in the preceding year. There
were treated in the hospitals 2,214 out-patients (natives), against 1,629
in 1886, showing an increase of 585 patients the daily average being 8.59,
against 6 .2 in the previous year. Of the total number of out-door patients, 13
(natives) were treated in the Sealdah Lock-hospital, against 38 in 1886. Two
thousand two hundred and one patients (natives) were treated in the Alipore
Lock-hospital, against 1,591 in the preceding year. There were 327 inter-
current affections treated in the hospital among in-door patients during 1887,
against 337 in 1886. The principal intercurrent affections were—ague,
rheumatism, dysentery, splenitis, and phthisis pulmonalis. Dr. Mackenzie reports
that all of these occurred in the persons of those whose constitutions were
saturated with venereal poison. No cases of cholera, variola, typhoid fever,
or cerebro-spinal meningitis occurred in the hospitals during the year 1887.
I have the honour to be,
SIR,
Your most obedient servant,
A. HILSON , M.D .,
Offg. Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal.
( 3 )
increase in the number of deaths due to the prevalence of septicemia in the
hospital, which has caused no less than 15 deaths. Dr. Harvey remarks
that he believes all precautions to prevent the recurrence of this cause will be
fruitless until better arrangements are made for the washing of soiled bedding
and linen. The erection of a steam laundry has been sanctioned with a view
to providing the requisite arrangements.
10. The Lieutenant-Governor is glad to find that the nurses employed
in the hospitals continue to afford satisfaction, and that the superintendence
exercised by the ladies of the Clewer Sisterhood is recognized in the reports of
the medical officers of the different institutions as of the greatest value. The
Honorary Secretary of the Hospital Nurses' Institution reported that the nurses
employed in the Canning Hospital attended 54 cases of illness, in addition to
their work at the hospital, and have earned for the institution a sum of
Rs. 7,011 in fees. The dhais also attended nine cases in native families. Two
passed females of the North-Western Provinces Branch of Lady Dufferin's Fund
have been sent to the Eden Hospital to be trained in midwifery.
11. The total invested capital of the institutions rose from Rs. 5,49,300 to
Rs. 5,80,200. The increase appertains to the Medical College Hospital, Mayo
Hospital, Ezra Hospital, and the Howrah General Hospital. The total income
during the year, including opening balance, amounted to Rs. 4,45,839. Of
this sum, Rs, 2,53,419 were contributed by Government. The total expen-
diture fell from Rs. 4,37,671 to Rs. 3,99,069. The decrease falls mainly
under the heads of diet, miscellaneous charges and buildings and repairs.
Dieting expenses decreased considerably in the Medical, Presidency, and
Campbell Hospitals, owing to the smaller number of patients. There was also
a considerable reduction in the miscellaneous charges in the Medical and
Presidency Hospitals. The increased expenditure on establishment in the Pre-
sidency Hospital was due to the opening of a contagious diseases ward, and to
the entertainment of extra establishments for cholera and small-pox cases.
12. The thanks of the Lieutenant-Governor are due to Dr. Hilson for his
practical and useful report.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,
J. WARE EDGAR,
Chief Secretary to the Govt. of Bengal.
N o. R/4 2.
COPY of the above Resolution, and of the Report, submitted to the Govern-
ment of India, in the Home Department, for information.
No. R/4 3.
COPY of the above Resolution forwarded to the Inspector-General of Civil
Hospitals for information and guidance.
No. R/ 4 4.
COPY of the above Resolution, and of the Report, forwarded to the Chair-
man of the Corporation of the Town of Calcutta, for the information of the
Commissioners.
No. R/4 5.
COPY of the above Resolution, and of the Report, forwarded to the Com-
missioner of Police, Calcutta, for information.
( 4 )
No. R/4 6.
COPY of the above Resolution forwarded to the Governors of the Mayo
Hospital for information.
No. R/4 7.
COPY of the above Resolution forwarded to the Commissioner of Burdwan
for information and communication to the Commissioners of the Howrah
Municipality.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,
R. W. CARLYLE,
O f f g . U n d e r - S e c r e t a r y t o t h e G o v
CALCUTTA,
The 19th November 1888.
W. J. &. LeB. Reg. No. 8181C—256—20-11-88
REPORT
ON THE
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
FOR THE YEAR 1888.
BY
A. HILSON,
ESQ., M.D.,
Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal.
PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1889.
Not printed ,for Sale.
REPORT
ON THE
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
FOR THE YEAR 1888.
BY
A. HILSON, ESQ., M.D.,
Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal.
Calcutta:
PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1889.
Not printed for Sale.
STATEMENT No. VII.
Showing the results of the more important surgical operations performed in the Calcutta
Medical Institutions during the year 1888.
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS.
13
19. Of those treated for cataract, 75 per cent. were successful in having
good vision restored. The large number of dislocations said to have been
reduced is still a very remarkable feature of the surgical work at these institu
-tions, but it is satisfactory to see that they have decreased to 75 from 96 in
1887. An analysis of these dislocations is given below :—
Total number of
operations, all kinds,
performed in 1888.
Mayo Hospital
...
...
... 233 of which 14 were dislocations
Chandney Dispensary
...
... 50 do. 28 ditto.
Park Street
"...
. . 29 do. 26 ditto.
Sookea Street "
...
...
5 do.
5 all of the lower
jaw.
Chitpore
"
...
... 16 do.
2 were dislocations.
Total
... 333 do. 75 were dislocations.
20. Most of these figures speak for themselves, and it is difficult to
believe that so many dislocations could have been met with during the year at
the Chandney and Park Street dispensaries. Most of the larger operations at
the Mayo Hospital were performed by Dr. Sanders and Dr. Perry, and it would
have been more satisfactory if a larger portion of them had been allotted to the
Native Assistant Surgeons.
21.
Howrah Hospital. —Surgery is at a very low ebb at this institution,
only 59 major operations having been performed at it during the year, and this
has in a great measure been due to the indifferent health of the Superintendent.
He states that patients from Howrah resort to Calcutta when they require
surgical aid, but while giving due weight to this assertion, I am inclined to
think that much more surgical work could be accomplished at this hospital if
a zealous effort were made to do it. If Dr. Mathews was in bad health, he
might have induced his subordinates to do more in this direction than they
have done ; and if the House Surgeon cannot perform the more common opera
-tions met with in surgical practice, he ought to make way for some one who
possesses the ability to do so.
22.
Dental practice. —The number of patients treated at the dental dis
-pensary was 1,811, and the number of operations 2,067, particulars of which
are given. below :—
1887.
1888.
Extractions
...
...
... 1,644
1,632
Stoppages
...
...
...
131
123
Miscellaneous ... ...
...
395
312
Total
... 2,170
2,067
23.
Obstetric practice. —At the Eden Hospital, or that part of the Medical
College Hospital in which midwifery cases and diseases of women are treated,
much good work has been done. The number of in-door patients is shown below
in a tabular form :—
ADMISSIONS.
Europeans.
Remaining on 1st
January 1888.
Admitted.
Total.
Adults
...
...
...
31
711
742
Children ... ...
...
5
252
257
Total
...
36
963
999
14
REPORT ON THE
Natives.
Remaining on 1st
January 1888.
Admitted.
Total.
Adults
... ...
...
...
16
582
598
Children
... ...
...
3
69
72
Total
...
19
651
670
GRAND TOTAL
...
55
1,614
1,669
In 1887 a total of 946 Europeans (of whom 688 were adults and 258
children) were treated, and of natives a total of 661, of whom 581 were adults
and 80 children, or a grand total of 1,607.
Daily average sick.
1888.
1887.
Europeans
...
...
...
45 .8
49.2
Natives
...
... ...
23.2
18.6
DEATH-RATE.
Europeans.
Number of
deaths.
Rate per
mille.
Adults
. . . ... ...
8
10.78
Children
...
...
...
18
70.03
Total
...
26
26.02
Natives.
Number of
deaths.
Rate per
mille.
Adults
... ...
...
2 9 .
48.49
Children
...
...
...
2 2 .
305.55
24. The total number of deaths out of the 1,669 patients treated was 77,
or a rate of 46 . 13 per mille, which is a considerable improvement on the
previous year, when the death-rate reached 60.36. Dr. Joubert, the Officiating
Superintendent of the Hospital, has suggested that the death-rate of each class
should be shown separately, as he has done this year in his annual report, because
the heavy mortality that occurs among native children swells the general average
to such an extent as to give an erroneous impression of the death-rate among
the other patients. This system will be adhered to in future.
25. There were 513 confinements as against 439 in 1887, showing the
growing popularity of the hospital. Of these 513, 224 were Europeans with
four deaths. and 289 natives with 16 deaths.
26, There was a very satisfactory diminution in the number of cases of
septicaemia, only three patients having developed the disease in hospital, while six
had contracted it before admission. This makes a total of nine cases with
three deaths, as compared with 18 cases and 15 deaths in 1887. In regard to
the lessened prevalence of and mortality from this fatal disease, Dr. Joubert
makes the following very interesting and instructive remarks in his annual
report :
—
"With reference to this diminution in the number of septic cases occurring
in hospital, I must give the fullest credit and praise to the very energetic
action of my late Resident Surgeon, Dr. Walsh—action which at one time caused
much discontent among the nurses. Dr. Walsh found considerable carelessness in
the nursing in the matter of the observance of anti-septic precautions after
labour. By insisting upon the most rigid precautions, all of which means much
extra trouble to the nurses, this fatal and almost always preventible disease was
reduced to a minimum during the past year. A new set of rules were issued and
enforced, and antiseptics were more freely used than formerly. A new supply of
bed linen for lying-in cases was received during the year, but not before it was
very badly wanted. All the linen of labour cases is now disinfected before being
sent to the dhobee. The present system of washing by dhobees will shortly
cease, as a steam-laundry is in course of erection."
All these measures have undoubtedly been the means of reducing to a
very great extent the mortality in this hospital from septicemia, and while I
( 3 )
No. 2679P.
COPY of the above Resolution, and of the Report, submitted to the Govern-
ment of India, in the Home Department, for information.
No. 2680P.
COPY of the above Resolution, and of the Report, forwarded to the Inspec- -
tor-General of Civil Hospitals for information and guidance.
No. 2681P.
COPY of the above Resolution, and of the Report, forwarded to the Chair-
man of the Corporation of the Town of Calcutta for the information of the
Commissioners.
No. 2682P.
COPY of the above Resolution, and of the Report, forwarded to the Com-
missioner of Police, Calcutta, for information.
No. 2683P.
COPY of the above Resolution forwarded to the Governors of the Mayo
Hospital for information.
No. 2684P.
COPY of the above Resolution forwarded to the Commissioner of Burdwan
for information and communication to the Commissioners of the Howrah Muni-
cipality.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,
L. P. SHIRRES,
CALCUTTA,
T h e
1 6t
h A u g u s t
1 8 8 9 .
W. LeB —Reg. No. 3028C—259—21.8.99.
REPORT
ON THE
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
F O R T H E Y E A R
1 8 8 9 .
BY
A. HILSON, ESQ., M.D.,
Insp ector-General of Civil Hospital, Bengal.
Calcutta:
PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1890
Not printed for Sale.
REPORT
ON THE
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
FOR THE YEAR 1889.
BY
A. HILSON, ESQ. , M.D.,
Inspector-General of Civil Hospital Bengal.
PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1890.
Not printed for Sale.
REPORT
ON THE
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
FOR THE YEAR 1889.
N o .
6 3 5 8 .
FROM A. HILSON, ESQ., M.D.,
Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, Bengal,
To THE CHIEF SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Dated Calcutta, the 2nd June 1890.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to submit the Annual Report on the Medical
Institutions of Calcutta for 1889.
2. The past year, as far as can be judged by the returns of mortality
furnished by the Health Officer and Sanitary Commissioner, was not distin-
guished by any marked increase or decrease of sickness, the deaths in the
aggregate from all diseases being much the same as in 1888.
YEAR.
CHOLERA.
BOWEL-
COMPLAINTS.
FEVERS.
SMALL-POX. OTHER CAUSES.
TOTAL.
RATI O PER MI LLE
OF POPULATION.
T o w n o f C a l c u t t a .
To wn o f Ho wr a h . S u b u r b s o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f C a l c u t t a . T o w n o f H o w r a h . S u b u r b s o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f H o w r a h . S u b u r b s o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f C a l c u t t a . T o w n o f H o w r a h . S u b u r b s o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f H o w r a h . S u b u r b s o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f H o w r a h .
S u b u r b s o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f C a l c u t t a .
T o w n o f H o w r a h .
S u b u r b s o f C a l c u t t a .
1879
1,186 397 1,870 1,516 522 2,404 4,796 1,225 5,999 772 78 791 4,774 263 2,570 13,044 2,485 13,634 30.3 25.41 53.01
1880
8 0 5 217 997 1,267 347 2,018 3,797 1,562 5,153 114 82 49 5,698 275 3,236 11,681 2,483 11,453 27.1 25.39 44.53
1881
1,693 489 1,971 1,491 514 1,981 3,765 1,570 5,075 133 33 75 5,948 372 3,119113,0:10 2,978 12,221 30. 30.45 47.52
1882
2,240 668 2;470 1,451 527 1,759 3,018 1,068 4,313
17 2 25 5,848 376 2,923 13,177 2,641 11,490 30.4 25.00 45.69
1883
2,037 653 2,177 1,307 425 1,697 3,442 933 4,042
73
6 92 5,466 415 2,824 12,325 2,432 10,832 28. 23.02 43.08
1884
2,272 707 2,421 1,209 379 1,590 3,618 841 3,897 478 25 249 5,679 645 3,232 13,256 2,597 11,389 30.5 28.59 45.29
1885
1,603 372 1,877 1,655 451 2,099 3,831 928 4,109 155 21 69 5,463 665 3,113 12,707 2,437 11,267 29.3 26.83 44.81
1886
1,741 528 1,845 1,258 343 1,682 3,422 674 3,590
15 ...
7 5,011 511 3,063 11,447 2,056 10,187 26.42 22.63 40.51
1887
1,198 295 2,090 1,197 340 1,817 3,253 515 3,675
2 12
6 5,329 432 3,017 10,979 1,594 10,605 25.34 17.55 42.17
1888
1,734 598 2,583 1,056 402 1,608 3,198 525 3,605
12 4 17 5,685 440 2,873 11,685 1,969 10,686 26.97 21.68 42.49
1889
1,079 488 *1,236 1,331 393 *1,425 3,341 585 *2,656
71 19 *28 5,860 578 *2,539 11,682 2,063 *7,884 26.9 22.71 *46.9
* These relate to the amalgamated area of the Suburbs.
3. It will be noticed that for the Town of Calcutta the death-rate was
26.9, and for the Suburbs 46.9, as against 26.97 and 42.49, respectively,
in the previous year; but the most notable feature in the table is a consi-
-derable diminution of deaths from cholera and an active recrudescence of small--
pox which occurred at the end of the year after it had been comparatively
dormant for three previous years.
4
REPORT ON THE
STATEMENT NO. IV.
Deaths of Men, Women, and Children in 1887, 1888, and 1889.
1887.
1888.
MEN.
WOMEN.
CHILDREN.
MEN.
WOMEN.
T r e a t e d .
Di e d.
D e a t h - r a t e p e r
m i l l e .
T r e a t e d .
D i e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r
m i l l e .
Male.
Female.
T r e a t e d .
D i e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r
m i l l e .
T r e a t e d .
D i e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r
m i l l e .
Treated.
D i e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r
mi l l e .
T r e a t e d .
D i e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r
m i l l e .
Medical College
Hospital
. . .
*3,070 363 118.24 *2,224 148 66.54 *308 27
87.66 *351 45 128.20 *3,430 384 114.86 *2,120 134 63.20
Ge neral Hospital 2,278 85 37.31
407 20 49.14 120 12 100.
161 5
31.05
2,279
87 38.17
399
14 35.08
Mayo Institu-
tions
. . .
. . . 2,298 188 81.81
280 34 121.42 101 6
59.40
57 6 105.26
2,475 230 92.92
252
30 119.04
Campbell Hospi-
tal
. . .
. . . 4,849 936 193.02 1,384 390 281.79 11.7 14 119.65
82 13 158.53
4,911 994 202.40
1,358 374 275.40
Police Hospital
...
2,738 23
8.40
...
...
. . .
...
. . .
. . .
... ...
...
2,735
30 10.96
...
...
. . .
Howrah General
Hospital
...
1,255 211 168.12
180 49 272.22
41 11 268.29
26 5 192.30
1,159 260 224.33
185
60 356.75
1888—continued.
1889.
CHILDREN.
MEN.
WOMEN.
CHILDREN.
Male.
Female
T r e a t e d .
D i e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r
m i l l e .
T r e a t e d .
Died.
D e a t h - r a t e p e r
mi l l e .
Male.
Female.
T r e a t e d .
D i e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r m i l l e .
T r e a t e d .
Di e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r m i l l e .
Tr eat ed.
D i e d .
De a t h - r a t e p e r mi l l e .
Tr e a t e d .
D i e d .
D e a t h - r a t e p e r m i l l e .
Medical College
Hospital
... *298
29
97.31 *346
40 115.6 *3,745
341 91.05 *2,318 137 59.10 *294 27
91.83 *308 39 126.62
General Hospital 129
4
31.
361
6
37.26 2,498
84 33.62
373 23 61.66 143 11
76.92 176 9
51.13
Mayo Institu-
tions
...
81
11 135.80
25
5 200.
1,931
243 125.84
217 31 142.85
91 5
54.94
39 10 256.41
Campbell Hospi-
tal
... 127
18 141.73
101
17 168.31 6,122 1,174 191.76 1,637 447 269.76 2:39 27 112.97 234 35 149.57
Police Hospital ...
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . . ...
2,432
20
8.22
...
...
...
... ...
...
... ...
...
Howrah General
Hospital
...
27
12 414.44
14
5 357.14 1,281
260 202.96
183 56 306.01
30 7 233.33
19 6 315.79
* Inclusive of cases treated in the ophthalmic ward of the Medical College Hospital.
15. It will be noticed from the above table that the death-rate at the
Campbell and Howrah Hospitals, where patients of the poorest class are treated
in large numbers, stands as usual at a very high figure; while at the other
hospitals, in which a considerable portion of the patients are of a better
class, the mortality is much less. The death-rate among children is also very
high, and usually more so among girls than among boys. At the Police
Hospital, where comparatively strong and well-fed men only come under
treatment, the mortality is insignificant. In these and other respects this
return presents no features distinguishing it from those of previous years.
16. The following statement shows the diseases treated at the different
hospitals :—
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS. 5
STATEMENT No. V.
CALCUTTA MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS.
9
Europeans who have recently arrived in the country, a class of people parti-
cularly prone to attacks of this disease. Eleven cases were treated in the General
and three in the Howrah Hospitals, but none in any of the other Institutions.
Neither is it common among the European troops quartered in Fort William,
only one case having occurred in 1889 in an average annual strength of 1,118.
It will be observed from the table that while enteric fever has not increased
to any appreciable extent in the last three years, there has been a consider-
able decrease in the number of cases of remittent fever in that period.
27.
Cerebro-spinal fever.—Three cases of cerebro-spinal fever were
admitted into the Campbell Hospital, but none into any of the other hospitals
during the year.
28. Surgery.— The following statement shows the results of the more
important surgical operations performed in the Calcutta Medical Institutions
during the year 1889 :—