NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
xiii
A total of 44,613 cases were vaccinated with vaseline lymph, 37,998 with animal
lymph, and 20,525 with human lymph. The largest number of vaccinations were performed
with stored lymph Fresh buffalo lymph appears to have given the best results in primary
cases and human lymph in re-vaccinations. The stored lymph takes a lower position in pri-
mary vaccinations giving 2.2 per cent. less successful results than human lymph and 3.5 less
than fresh animal lymph, and in re-vaccination it gives 10 per cent. better results than fresh
buffalo lymph which has a low rate of successes, and 3.5 percent. less successful results than
human lymph. The differences are not very great, considering the fact that the vaseline
lymph has often been kept some time before it is used.
The power of the lymph
at various times of year.
4. The following table (Table No. 2) gives the percentages
of successful cases during each month of the year :—
Table No. 2.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
MONTHS.
April ... ...
May
...
...
June ... ...
July
...
...
August ... ...
September ...
October
...
...
November ...
December ...
January ... ...
February ... ...
March ... ...
BUFFALO CALF LYMPH.
VASELINE LYMPH.
HUMAN LYMPH.
Percentages of successes
in————————
Primary cases.
85.12
82.09
84.27
94.67
96.52
88.72
91.30
86.13
93.04
92.67
93.58
92.50
Re-vaccinations.
72.45
57.27
47.06
72.11
41.51
24.26
...
17.08
45.13
48.28
33.39
64.00
Total.
84.84
70.88
76.29
82.77
86.22
61.81
91.30
77.02
90.58
92.37
92.56
92.23
Primary cases.
71.15
92.10
78.10
87.38
88.08
90.76
86.58
90.72
91.80
94.74
...
...
Re-vaccinations.
53.65
45.92
56.60
68.20
68.50
67.50
50.00
52.57
65.04
...
...
...
Total.
70.12
68.07
69.11
78.67
76.62
80.09
84.62
86.80
90.13
94.74
...
...
Primary cases.
...
98.38
87.22
92.56
87.27
96.25
86.01
...
...
...
...
...
Revaccinations.
...
76.78
78.21
71.63
74.32
87.09
83.71
...
...
...
..
...
Total.
...
82.78
81.69
79.80
78.66
89.24
84.28
...
...
...
...
...
REMARKS.
During the hot weather vaccinations are only carried on in the hills.
The following table gives the total of percentages of successes including re-vacoinations
month by month in a more graphic form :—
Table No. 3.
\img\
xiv
Inspections.
5. A very small number of inspections were made by the Deputy Sanitary Commis¬
sioner.This was due to the fact that he was on plague duty during
seven months of the year under reference. The months in which
he was able to do inspections happened to be the rainy season, and consequently he was unable
to get to a large number of villages in the hills. September, as usual, was spent at Murree,
preparing and sending out the annual supply of lymph to the plains. Table No. 4 gives the
details of the inspections made.
Table No. 4.
Names of places.
Mandi and Suket States ...
Murree Tahsíl ... ...
Total ...
Total number of vil-
lages inspected.
17
56
73
Total number in-
spected.
494
845
1,339
Males.
303
468
771
Females.
191
377
568
Primary.
88
629
717
Revaccmatjons.
406
216
622
PRIMARY WITH MARKS.
6
48
236
284
5
14
115
129
4
5
75
80
3
8
62
70
2
6
60
66
1
3
56
59
0
4
25
29
RE-VACCINATIONS.
3 or more.
148
39
187
2
53
23
76
1
48
27
75
0
157
127
284
Average cost of each
successful vaccination.
6. The average cost of each successful vaccination was 3 annas 2 pies, being a decrease
of 9 pies on the previous year. This decrease is mainly due to the
saving in expenditure as well as the larger number of vaccinations
performed.
Changes.
7. There has been no change in the subordinate staff during
the year.
Punishments.
8. The punishments inflicted have been a little in excess of
last year. The details are as follows :-—
For neglect of duty.—Ishar Das, Native Supervisor, Rs. 3, and Vaccinators Ghulám
Rasál Re. 1-8-0, Anant Rám II annas 4, Anant Rám I Re. 1, Tulsi Rám
annas 8, and Aqil Beg annas 4.
For bad work.—Vaccinators
Lál Chand Re. 1, Khushál Singh Re. 1, Partáp Singh
Re. 1, Anant Rám II Re. 1, Jawáhar Lál Re. 1, Kishen Singh Be. 1, Udho
Rám Re. 1, and Mának Chand Re. 1.
For insubordination.— Anant Rám II annas 2, and for false returns Khushhál
Singh annas 12.
Localities in which the
Special Staff have worked.
9. The Special Staff have worked in the following lo-
calities:—
Rámpur, Bushahír, Sirmoor, Kalsia, Mandi, Suket and Chamba States, Kotgarh,
Wazírabad, Zafarwal, Murree, Pindigheb, Jagádhri, Moga, Fázilka, Now¬
shera, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Huripur, Nakodar, Samrála, Pind Dádan
Khan, Shahpur, Bhera, Jhajjar, Rewftri, Tbánesar, Bhiwáni and Gugera
tahaíls and Kálka town.
The Animal Lymph Depot.
The Animal Lymph De-
pôt, Murree.
10. During the summer months 1,489 ten grain tubes of vasiline lymph were prepared:
179 tubes were used in the annual supply sent out on September 21st
to the various districts of the Punjab.
The results of these tubes were—
Successful ... ... ... ... ... ...
Unsuccessful ... ... ... ... ... ...
Returned unused ... ... ... ... ... ...
Lost or broken in transit ... ... ... ... ...
Kept in stock ... ... ... ... ... ...
Results unknown, ... ... ... ... ... ...
818
62
118
61
52
378
Of the 179 tubes sent out for the annual supply, only 4 tubes sent to Hissár were
entirely unsuccessful.
XV
The Amritsar Depôt.
11. During the winter months 1,361 tubes were sent out
from the Amritsar Depôt with the results stated below :—
Successful ... ... ... ...
Unsuccessful ... ... ... ...
Returned unused...
...
... ...
Lost or broken in transit ... ... ...
Kept in stock ...
...
... ...
Results unknown
...
... ...
531
...
53
45
65
667
1,361
Total number of tubes prepared at the depôts, 2,850.
There has been considerable difficulty in obtaining sufficient buffalo calves for the
supply of lymph at Amritsar. Buffaloes are very plentiful, but many people object to hiring
them for the purposes required. The consequence was that in February the depôt came to
an absolute standstill and the Sanitary Commissioner had himself to make arrangements for the
further supply. It is hoped that the difficulties will ultimately be got over, but, in the mean-
time, we have to allow the Special Staff Vaccinators to depend entirely on fresh buffalo calf
vaccination.
C. H. JAMES, SURGEON-CAPTAIN,
Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, Punjab.
REPORT
VACCINATION
IN THE PUNJAB
FOR THE YEAR 1898-09,
Published by Authority.
Price Re.1-1-0.
Lahore :
THE "CIVIL AND MILITARY GAZETTE " PRESS.
Contracters to the Punjab Government.
1899
REPORT
ON
VACCINATION
IN THE PUNJAB
FOR THE YEAR 1898-99.
Published by Authority.
Lahore :
THE " CIVIL AND MILITARY GAZETTE " PRESS,
Contractors to the Punjab Government.
1899
Proceedings of the Hon'ble the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, in the Home(Medical and Sanitary)
Department, No. 671 S., dated the and of August 1899.
READ—
The Report on Vaccination in the Punjab for the year 1898-99, by Lieutenant-Colonel
C. J. BAMBER, I. M. S., Officiating Sanitary Commissioner, Punjab.
"Paragraphs 1 to 5.
Paragraph 5.
REMARKS.—In accordance with the orders of the Government of India
the report is not only for the year 1898-99; it
deals also with the triennial period 1896-97 to
1898-99. During this period the strength of the Vaccination Department
remained practically uniform, viz., I Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, 6 Divisional
Inspectors, 34 native Supervisors and 303 Vaccinators, but during the latter
half of the year 1897-98 the Department was temporarily deprived of the
services of the Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, as it was found desirable to send
that officer to the plague-infected area in the Jullundur and Hoshiárpur Districts.
The total cost of the Department during the triennial period 1893-94
to 1895-96 amounted to Rs. 2,55,470, or an
average of Rs. 85,156 per annum, the average
number of operations performed was 963,274 per annum, the cost of each
successful operation being one anna and nine pies. In the three-year period just
closed the total cost amounted to Rs. 3,01,032, the annual average being
Rs. 1,00,344: the number of operations performed averaged 862,924 per annum,
and the average cost of each successful operation was two annas and two pies.
The work performed by the different staffs for the two triennial periods is con-
trasted in the following statement :—
District staff ...
Special staff ...
Cantonment staff ...
Dispensary staff ...
Total ...
1893-94 to 1895-96.
Primary
vaccin-
ations.
1,738,077
179,249
14,125
1,437
1,936,488
Re-vaccin-
ations.
863,110
77,700
10,286
2,238
953,334
AVERAGE PER ANNUM
IN the TRIENNIAL
PERIOD.
Primary
vaccin-
ations.
579,359
59,750
4,908
1,479
645,496
Re-vaccin-
ations.
287,703
25,900
3,429
746
317,778
1896-97 to 1898-99.
Primary
vaccin
ations.
1,744,437
202,007
14,479
5,866
1,966,789
Re-vaccin-
ations.
531,822
79,959
7,073
3,129
621,983
AVERAGE PER ANNUM
IN THE TRIENNIAL
PERIOD.
Primary
vaccin-
ations.
581,479
67,336
4,826
1,955
655,596
Re-vaccin-
ations.
177,374
26,653
2,358
1,043
207,328
*Average percentage of successful results in all the staffs—
1893-94 to 1895-96
...
... ... ...
1896-97 to 1898-99 ... ... ...
Increase in total primary operations
...
Increase in annual average primary operations
Decrease in total re-vaccinations
...
Decrease in average annual re-vaccinations ...
Primary.
93.71
94.15
30,301
10,100
331,351
110,450
Re-vaccinations.
51.04
59.78
Thus the comparison of the two triennial periods shows an increase in primary
vaccinations and improvement in the percentages of successful results attained
both in these and in re-vaccinations. Re-vaccinations fell off largely as the
unavoidable corollary of an order enforcing the seven years limit before re-vaccin-
ations may be performed. At one time these were performed indis¬
4
It was remarked by the Army Sanitary Commission in paragraph 7 of
their Memorandum on the Sanitary Commissioner's Report for 1896 with
reference to the objection that the vaseline lymph does not produce the foveated
scar hitherto considered to be characteristic of genuine vaccination, that a few
persons vaccinated with it should be subjected to the test of a subsequent
operation performed with fresh calf or human lymph. The result of the experi-
ments to be made on this suggestion is to be incorporated in the Vaccination
Report for the current year.
5. Other causes assigned for the decrease in the number of operations
call for little comment. Doubtless there is
difficulty in procuring buffalo calves for purposes
of direct vaccination : carelessness on the part of vaccinators, supervision by
the Divisional inspectors which prevents trickery in the fudging of returns, an
antagonism to vaccination by the people and excessive sickness from fever may
also be accepted as being more or less causes of a decrease real or nominal in the
returns ; but, as previously stated, the prevalence of small-pox cannot be admitted
as a deterrent influence.
Paragraph 14 (2), (4 and 5), (6 and 7)
and (8)
Paragraph 15.
6. The
Lieutenant-Governor is glad to observe that vaccination
continues to meet with a fair measure of attention
in the large Native States which employ their
own vaccination establishment. In the frontier district of Kurram, under
British management, there was a falling-off on the figures for 1897-98, amount
ing to 816 in the case of primary vaccinations, but an increase of 315 in
re-vaccinations.
7. During the year 1898-99 inspection work was carried out energetically.
The amount of inspection work done by Civil
Surgeons varied greatly in different districts.
In Simla, Muzaffargarh, Gurdaspur and Jullundur more than 20 per cent. of
primary vaccinations were inspected by the Civil Surgeons. The Civil Surgeons
of Hoshiárpur and Lahore do not appear to have inspected a single case.
Paragraph 19.
Paragraph 20.
8. At the end of the triennial period ending with the year 1895-96 the
Vaccination Act (XIII of 1889) was in force in
10 Municipal towns in the Punjab. At the close
of the further triennial period ending with the 31st of March last this number
had increased to 19. The Act is also in force in 10 cantonments.
ORDER.—Ordered that the above Remarks be published in the Punjab
Government Gazette and be communicated to the Officiating Sanitary Commis-
sioner, Punjab, for information and guidance; also that they be forwarded with
the Report as usual to the Government of India in the Home Department.
By order of the Hon'ble the Lieutenant-Governor,
H. J. MAYNARD,
Judicial and General Secretary to Government, Punjab.
Punjab Government Press, Lahore—14-8-99—260,
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Para.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
I
II
III
IV
V
Subject.
Officers in charge of the Department
...
...
...
...
...
...
Deputy Sanitary Commissioners
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Strength of the vaccination establishment
...
...
...
...
...
Cost of the Department
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total number of vaccinations performed by all agencies
...
...
...
Statement showing total number of primary and secondary operations per-
formed by the four different agencies
...
...
...
...
...
...
Working of the District Staff during the triennial period
...
...
...
Special Cantonment and Dispensary Staffs
...
...
...
...
...
Deputy Sanitary Commissioner's Report
...
...
...
...
...
...
Cause of decrease in 1897-98
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Work of the District Staff in 1898-99
...
...
...
...
...
...
Vaccination according to sex
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
Vaccination according to age and the proportion per cent. ... ... ...
Vaccination in Native States
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Establishment of Vaccine Depôts
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Action taken on order of Government
...
...
...
...
...
...
Proposed scheme for supplying lymph to all districts
...
...
...
...
Extent of supervision exercised by the officers of the department
...
...
Extension of Vaccination Act
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
Explanation of Civil Surgeons regarding Vaccinators working in bodies and
Sanitary Commissioner's opinion thereon (vide Punjab Government letter
No. 516, dated 14th April 1899)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Opinion of Sanitary Commissioner ...
...
... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination diagram
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
Conclusion
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
ANNUAL FORMS.
Statement No. I showing particulars of vaccination in the Punjab Province
during the year 1898-99 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Appendix to Statement No. I showing the details of the vaccination operations
performed by the Special and Cantonment Staffs according to localities during
the year 1898-99
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Showing the cost of the Department in the Punjab Province during the year
1898-99
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Showing dispensary vaccinations in the Punjab Province during the year 1898-99
Comparative Statement showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated
and the number of those persons who were successfully vaccinatad in the
Punjab in each of the undermentioned official years
...
...
...
...
Showing total number of primary and re-vaccinations performed and number
inspected by Civil Surgeons and Native Supervisors or other inspecting
officers, the percentages of those inspected, together with the percentages of
cases found successful by them, as contrasted with the percentages reported
by the Vaccinators in each district of the Punjab during the year 1898-99 ...
Page.
1
ib.
ib.
2
ib.
ib.
4
5
ib.
ib.
6
ib.
ib.
8
9
ib.
10
12
ib.
ib.
20
ib.
ib.
ii
iv
V
vi
vii
viii
ii
Para.
A
B
C
D
E
Subject.
APPENDICES.
Statement showing inspection of primary and re-vaccinations by Lt.-Col.
C. J. Bamber, I. M. S., Sanitary Commissioner, Punjab, daring the year 1898-99.
Statement showing the results of Vaccinations seen by each Divisional Inspec-
tor during the year 1898-99
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Statement showing the annual number of successful vaccinations and the
annual ratio of deaths from small-pox per 1,000 of population for five years
ending 1898-99 district by district
...
...
...
...
...
...
Showing the vaccination work done under the Compulsory Vaccination Acts
Nos. V (B. C.) and XII of 1880 in certain municipalities during the
years 1889-90 to 1898-99
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Annual Report of the Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, 1898-99
...
...
Page.
ix
X
xi
xii
xiii
ERRATA.
1.— Page 12, para. 20, line 3, instead of 18 towns should be 20.
2.— In para. 23, line 3, add Amritsar, Gurdáspur and Mooltan.
3.—In Annual Form No. II, in Montgomery District, colnmn 15 read Rs. 1,758-8.8 instead
of Rs. 758-8-8.
4.—In apppndix E, para, 16, in the table column of total of Re-vaccinations unsuccessful
instead of 2,442 should be 2,942.
No. 37/ 1262.
FROM
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL C. J. BAMBER, I.M.S.,
Sanitary Commissioner, Punjab,
To
H. J. MAYNARD, ESQUIRE, C. S.,
Judicial and General Secretary to the Government of the Punjab.
Dated LAHORE, the 1st July 1899.
SIR,
This being the triennial year, a full report on the working of the Vac-
cination Department, Punjab, during the three years 1896-97, 1897-98 and
1898-99 is submitted in accordance with the order conveyed in Government
of India letter No. 28-1529, dated 15th July 1887.
Officers in charge of the
Department.
2. From the commencement of the triennial period under report up to the
25th August 1897 Lieutenant-Colonel W. A. Crawford Roe
was in charge of the Department; when he proceeded or
three months' privilege leave, Lieutenant-Colonel C. J. Bamber, I.M.S., Civil
Surgeon of Ráwalpindi, was appointed temporarily in his place, Lieutenant-Colone
Roe was recalled to duty before expiration of his privilege leave,—and resumed
charge of the office of Sanitary Commissioner on the 22nd September 1897. Or
22nd August 1898 Lieutenant-Colonel Roe proceeded on a year's furlough or
medical certificate, and Lieutenant-Colonel Bamber succeeded him. Lieutenant-
Colonel Bamber has been in charge of the Department ever since, and is the
officer who submits this report.
Deputy Sanitary Com¬
missioners.
3. Captain C. H. James, I.M.S., held charge of the office of Deputy
Sanitary Commissioner, Punjab, from 1st April 1896 to
the 13th November 1898, when he was appointed Civil
Surgeon of Dharmsála, Captain E. Wilkinson, I.M.S., was appointed Deputy
Sanitary Commissioner from 14th November 1898, and has remained in charge
from that date.
Strength of the vaccina-
tion establishment.
4. The following table shows the number of Divisional Inspectors.
Native Supervisors and Vaccinators who have been em-
ployed in this triennial period, and who are paid from
Provincial, Municipal and District Funds. The special staff establishment is also
included in the table:—
YEARS.
1896-97
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1897-98
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1898-99
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
DISTRICT AND SPECIAL STAFFS.
Divisional
Inspectors.
6
6
6
Native
Supervisors.
34
34
34
Total
Vaccinators
of all grades.
303
305
303
The fluctuation in the strength of the establishment during the past
three years is unimportant, and needs no explanation.
2
Cost of the Department.
5. The following statement shows the cost of the
Department during the triennial period :—
Deputy Sanitary Commissioner
...
...
...
Divisional Inspectors
...
...
...
...
...
Native Supervisors
...
...
...
...
...
Vaccinators ... ... ... ... ...
Clerks
...
...
...
...
...
Peons,
&c.
...
...
...
...
...
Travelling allowance ... ... ... ... ...
Contingencies ... ... ... ... ...
Total
...
1896-97.
Rs.
8,573
7,070
15,841
41,559
13,551
2,138
6,424
7,023
1,02,179
1897-98.
Rs.
7,741
6,858
16,058
41,564
13,533
2,144
4,479
6,131
98,508
1898-99.
Rs.
8,143
7,002
15,882
41,054
13,642
2,319
5,540
6,763
100,345
The total expenditure in 1898-99 was Rs. 100,345 as compared with
Rs. 98,508 in 1897-98 and Rs. 102,179 in 1896-97. The variation in the
figures of these three years is chiefly under the head of pay of Deputy Sanitary
Commissioner, Travelling Allowance and Contingencies.
The total number of vac-
cinations performed by all
agencies, &c.
6. The annexed table shows the total number of operations performed
(both primary and secondary) by the four different vaccina-
tion agencies during the past three years, and the average
number of operations performed by each Vaccinator:—
District Staff
...
...
...
...
...
Special Staff
...
...
...
...
...
Cantonment Staff ... ... ... ... ...
Dispensary Staff ... ... ... ... ...
TOTAL ...
Total number of operations
performed during the
triennial period.
1896-97.
785,463
101,893
9,093
5,964
902,413
1897-98.
733,881
103,135
6,667
1,808
845,491
1898-99.
756,915
76,938
5,792
1,223
840,868
Average number performed
by each Vaccinator.
1896-97.
2,845.88
4,852.05
1,515.50
...
2,978.26
1897-98.
2,639.86
4,911.19
1,111.17
...
2,772.10
1898-99.
2,742.45
3,663.71
965.33
...
2,775.14
From the above it will be seen that in 1898-99 the aggregate number of
vaccinations performed was 840,868, being less by 4,623 in 1897-98 and by 61,545
in 1896-97. With regard to the average number of vaccinations performed by each
member the figures show that they have been fairly constant during the past
three years for the Province, as a whole, and need no comment.
Statement showing total
number of primary and
secondary
operations
performed by the four
different agencies.
7. The following table shows the number of primary and secondary
operations performed by the District Staff, Special Staff,
Cantonment Staff and Dispensary Staff during the past
three years, the total number successful, and the ratio per
cent. of successful cases, to total operations, excluding cases
unknown:—
3
STAFFS.
District Staff
...
...
...
...
...
Special Staff
...
...
...
...
...
Cantonment Staff
...
...
...
...
...
Dispensary Staff
...
...
...
...
...
TOTAL
...
Total number of primary
operations.
1896-97.
596,686
67,780
4,875
3,737
673,078
1897-98.
553,317
72,031
5,185
1,241
631,774
1898-99.
594,434
62,196
4,419
888
661,937
Total number of
secondary operations.
1896-97.
188,777
34,113
4,218
2,227
229,335
1897-98
180,564
31,104
1,482
567
213,717
1898-99.
162,481
14,742
1,373
335
178,931
Number of primary
successful.
1896-97.
560,688
58,919
4,481
3,330
627,418
1897-98.
526,551
63,911
4,930
999
596,391
1898-99.
567,705
55,158
4,132
760
627,755
Number of secondary
successful.
1896-97
111,733
21,094
2,784
1,437
137,048
1897-98.
106,905
21,484
1,196
300
129,885
1898-99.
95,614
8,378
1,015
211
105,218
Percentage of primary
success.
1896-97.
93.97
86.93
91.92
89.11
93.22
1897-98.
95.16
88.73
95.08
80.50
94.40
1898-99.
95.50
88.68
93.51
85.59
94.84
Percentage of secondary
success.
1896-97
59.19
61.84
66.00
64.53
59.76
1897-98.
59.21
69.07
80.70
52.91
60.77
1898-99.
58.85
56.83
73.93
62.99
58.80
7
District Staff ... ... ... ... ...
Special Staff
...
...
...
...
...
Cantonment Staff ... ... ... ... ...
Dispensary Staff ... ... ... ... ...
1896-97.
PRIMARY VACCINATION.
Successful.
Under one year.
440,912
39,710
1,912
2,670
One year and under
six years.
112,354
14,673
1,903
619
Six years and over
six years.
7,422
4,536
666
41
1897-98.
PRIMARY VACCINATION.
Successful.
Under one year.
428,020
44,874
2,241
794
One year and under
six years.
93,020
14,665
2,398
187
Six years and over
six years.
5,511
4,372
291
18
1898-99.
PRIMARY VACCINATION.
Successful.
Under one year.
453,779
38,703
2,356
603
One year and under
six years.
108,434
13,491
1,353
141
Six years and over
six years.
5,492
2,964
423
16
1896-97.
PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSFUL
Under one year.
73.89
58.59
39.22
71.45
One year and under
six years.
18.83
21.65
39.04
16.56
Six years and over
six years.
1.24
6.69
13.66
1.10
1897-98.
PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSFUL
Under one year.
77.36
62.30
43.22
63.98
One year and under
six years.
16.81
20.36
46.25
15.07
Six years and over
six years.
1.00
6.07
5.61
1.45
1898-99.
PERCENTAGE OF SUCCESSFUL.
Under one year.
76.34
62.23
53.32
67.91
One year and under
six years.
18.24
21.69
30.62
15.88
Six years and over
six years.
0.92
4.77
9.57
1.80