16
" Temperature of the Presidency.
" The monthly and annual mean temperatures of the several stations and the ranges be-
tween the greatest and least monthly means are shown in the following table :—
" The mean temperatures of the year show a remarkable uniformity over widely separat-
ed and differently conditioned portions of the country. Thus the average temperature of the
whole of the Konkan, together with Gujarat and the Upper Tá.pti Valley,, is 80°, of Hyder-
abad in Sind 81°, of the southern group of stations on the eastern side of the Deccan 81°, and
of the northern group 79°. The coast of Sind and South Málwa have each a temperature
of 76°, North Malwa of 79°, and the western or ghat side of the Deccan of about 77°. For
much the greater pa.rt of the year the large city of Ahmedabad has a temperature in excess
of its locality. This may probably arise from an obstructed circulation unaccompanied by
any diminution of radiant heat received from, the sun ; or the conditions of life in a densely
populated place may alone suffice to heat sensibly the great body of superficial air which
envelops them. In the low region inland the variation of temperature with latitude is from
December to January that which is general in the northern hemisphere where the sun's declina-
tion is south, viz., a decrease with increasing north latitude. In March, however, a circuit of
maximum temperature has already begun to form in Gujarat ; the circuit extends northward/
its centre travelling northward at the same time till June when it has reached our north-
ern limits in Upper Sind. There it remains till July and then extends and travels south-
wards, reaching Lower Sind in October and, in a contracted form, Gujarat in November ;
here it first appeared on the sun's approach northward and here it vanishes with the sun's pro-
gress southward. From June to November the coast of the Konkan has nearly the same tem-
perature in one latitude as in another ; but in the months December to April there is a consi-
derable diminution with increase of latitude. The temperature of the coast of Sind exceeds
that of the Konkan in June and July considerably and in August and September sensibly,
but in the remaining months of the year the coast of Sind is the cooler. In the higher régnons
the Malwa plateau has a higher temperature in the north than in the south between March and
November and the reverse condition between. November and March, whilst in the Deccan
the eastern side shows a greater temperature in the south than in the north from February
to April, but only the invariable increase from west to east in other months, and the west-
ern side exhibits no decided indications of variation with latitude at any season.
" Winds of the Presidency.
" The direction of the wind at Karachi seems to be much influenced by the direction of
the Mekran Coast, For eight months in the year, March to October, the prevalent winds reach
Karachi from almost due west, that is, in continuation of the Mekran Coast line., and a wester-
ly duration component exists in the winds of the preceding and following months, February
and November, leaving only December and January with a small preponderance of'north-east
winds. The mountains which abut upon the district to the north and north-east of Karachi
also offer obstacles to the progress of the wind in that direction which are absent on the re-
latively fiat course to eastward.
" From May to September at Deesa and Baroda and from June to September at Ahmed-
abad the .prevalent direction of the wind is from the south-west quadrant with a large south
direction component. At Deesa from November to January, at Ahmedabad in November, and
at Baroda in December and January the preponderance of the wind is from the north-east
quadrant, and at Baroda in November from due east.
"Both at Deesa and Baroda the change from the winter to the monsoon character is by
a left-handed rotation of the wind with comparatively large" resultant duration coefficients,
and from the monsoon to the winter by a right-handed rotation with relatively small resultant
duration coefficients. The persistency with which the winds of Baroda yield a large east
duration component from November to January may be due in some way to the proximity of
the termination of the Vindya Mountains ; in this particular the winds of Baroda are at
variance with those at Deesa, which yield a small east duration coefficient,
Stations,
Kü/ráclii
•
• *
Hyderabad
Bom
"bo*
v
•
BaTocls*
*
Ali rned abad
Mount Abu
Nasirabad
lST(î6nïUCll
Aíhow • •
AhmcdftOigar
3? urfludhar
3?oona. .
KirlcGG
Sátííi'a . .
Kolháput
Belgaum
63-1
64-5
73-6
70-3
71-0
65-6
56'7
58-9
61-3
66-3
71-0
67-1
71-4
71-0
73-0
72-0
70-7
60-5
70-0
74-4
72-1
80-0
70'9
61-5
70-0
68-3
71-2
74-5
71-7
75-0
75-0
74-0
75-5
74-1
73-5 79-3
80-5 86-0
77-9 81-4
81-7 88-6
83-0 93-0
78-1 88-6
68-8 76-5
72-1 85-3
75-5 84-6
77-7 85-1
81-5 86-5
75-1 77-0
80-2 84'6
81-0 81-5
80-0 83'5
81-0 82-0
77-5 80-0
82-5
91-0
84-2
90-6
94-3
92-5
79-3
93-8
88-7
86-9
87-4
72-8
83-7
82-5
82-5
83-0
78-4
85-5
92-0
83-3
88-8
89-S
91-0
77-6
91-7
84-9
79-7
81-0
70-3
78-9
7S-5
76-0
78 -5
74-0
84-2
89-5
80-4
83'5
86-3
85-6
72-0
85-4
78'5
77-1
77-9
67-3
75-5
77-0
73-5
75-5
71-3
80-9
87-5
79'6
80-4
83-1
81-6
69-2
83-8
77-2
75-7
76-P
65-9
71-4
75-0
73-0
75-0
70-
80-6
86-0
79-7
82-8
83-7
81-5
69-1
83-8
77-9
76-2
75'9
67'2
75-0
75-0
74-
76-
71-
77-0 1
82-5
80-5
81-2
84'3
79'6
69-2
80-8
77-1
77-0
76-8
69-6
76-6
80-0
74-0
77-5
73-4
71-3
72-5
78-6
80-9
80-3
73-6
1 65-0
73-8
71-7
71-3
72-2
67'
74-
77'
71-
75-
72-
r
65-8 1
65-5
76'4
74-6
69-0 1
68-6
58-7
65-4
65-3
67-9
69-3
64-4
71-7
71*0
71-0
72-0
70-4
75-8
80-5
79-2
80-5
83-1
79-8
68-5
78-7
75-9
76-0
77-6
1
64-7
76-8
77'C
75 •£
76-Ê
73-f
Range between
greatest and
least monthly
mean.
22.4
27-5
10-6
20-3
1
25-8
27-0
22-6 -
34-9
27-4
¿0-8
17.9
12-6
13-2
11-5
12-5
11-0
)
9-7