NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
June, 1950]
ABSTRACTS
149
marked changes were, however, noticed on the blood plasma vitamin A after rumen
inoculation. When grain was introduced in the ration of calves fed with alfalfa
hay and milk, there was marked reduction in hay consumption. There was an
increase in plasma vitamin A, but a decrease in ascorbic acid during that period.
These results show that palatable and high quality hay stimulates the early
development of rumen function in young calves and also meets the vitamin require-
ments of animals. (P.N.J.)
MGIPC—M—6 AR 5 4-51-850.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
COMPARATIVE GROWTH PROMOTING VALUE OF OILS
AND FATS
By V. R. BHALERAO, D. VENKATAPPIAH and C. P. ANANTAKRISHNAN, Indian Dairy
Research Institute, Bangalore
(Received for publication on 1 June, 1948)
(with two text-figures)
O ILS and fats form an important constituent of the human diet. In different
parts of the country, however, people have acquired a taste for different fats,
though butterfat being generally preferred. But on account of its high cost and
scarcity, other fats specially of vegetable origin are used as substitutes, either in
their original form or after conversion into a semi-solid mass by hydrogenation.
Vegetable fats and body fats are of course, lacking in vitamins A and D which are
present in butterfat. It will be useful to know if, even after supplementation with
vitamins, the vegetable fats and body fats show any difference in nutritive value
from butterfat. Considerable work has been done on the nutritive value of various
fats in different laboratories, but there is, at present, no complete agreement as
regards the results of their comparative growth promoting values.
Using vitamin supplements Boutwell et al. [1941, 1943] have carried out a
series of experiments on the growth promoting values of different fats and have
come to the conclusion that butterfat promoted better growth in rats than did
vegetable fats. This effect was pronounced when lactose formed the sole carbo-
hydrate in the diet, the difference, however, disappeared when the lactose was
replaced by any other carbohydrate or a mixture of carbohydrates. Hoagland
and Snider [1940, 1941, 1942] carried out experiments with rats to determine the
nutritive properties of vegetable oils, animal fats and manufactured shortenings.
The average growth values of different fats were found to be almost similar in the
presence of vitamins. They further stated that there was no relationship between
the melting point or chemical composition of a fat and its nutritive properties.
Deuel et al. [1943, 1944] found no difference in the growth rates of rats fed on butter-
fat, vegetable margarine fat, maize, cottonseed, soyabean, olive or peanut oils,
when added, to the extent of 32 per cent, to a diet of mineralized skim milk powder
and supplemented with vitamins. Zialcita and Mitchell [1944] have observed
that apart from the differences in the vitamin content, butterfat and corn oil were
essentially equal in growth promoting values. Haris and Rosenfield [1940] in their
experiments on feeding rats found that butterfat promoted better growth, than
olive oil or coconut oil, in diets containing extracted skim milk powder supplemented
by minerals and vitamins. Bour and Janson [1941] described experiments in which
butter, fatty acids of butter, olive oil and margarine were fed at 10 per cent level
(151)
A
September, 1950] BHALERAO, VENKATAPPIAH AND ANANTAKRISHNAN 153
Batch I
1 Cow ghee
2 Buffalo ghee
3 Cow body fat
4 Buffalo body fat
5 Sheep body fat
6 Goat body fat
7 Groundnut oil
8 Sesame oil
9 Safflower oil
10 Coconut oil
11 Groundnut V. m.p. 37.0°C.
12 Groundnut V. m.p. 34.1°C.
13 Cottonseed V. m.p. 38.5°C.
14 Sesame V. m.p. 38.7C.
Batch II
1 Cow ghee
2 Goat ghee
3 Sheep ghee
4 Mustard oil
5 Cottonseed oil
6 Groundnut V. m.p. 39.0°C.
7 Sesame V. m.p. 39.3°C.
8 Sesame V. m.p. 37.1°C.
9 Cottonseed V. m.p. 37.3°C.
10 Cottonseed V. m.p. 35.5°C.
V. Refers to vanaspati in all cases
To study the growth promoting value, young albino rats about 28 days old
(6 female and 4 male rats) were used. Rats from different litters were distributed
as evenly as possible among the groups receiving different fats. The diet consisted
of skim milk powder 57 per cent, and cane sugar 30 per cent, yeast 5 per cent, salt
mixture (Osborne and Mendel) 3 per cent each and fat 5 per cent. The skim milk
powder (Acorn Brand) contained about 0.30 per cent ether extractives and was,
therefore, extracted twice with cold low boiling petroleum ether. Subsequently
the milk powder obtained contained only minute amounts of ether extractives,
so further extractions were not done. Yeast was extracted by soxhleting for
12 hours with petroleum ether. The average increase in weight, at the end of
48 days of the experiment, was studied and was taken as an index of the growth
promoting activities of the various fats.
To study the effect on maintenance, reproduction and lactation, the rats were
further maintained on a less liberal basal ration consisting of ground wheat 18
per cent and ground maize 52 per cent, skim milk powder 23 per cent each and
yeast 2 per cent each. The diets were supplied with the same fats at 5 per cent
level. In addition to the m aize diet, each rat received 5 gm. of fresh green consisting
of carrots and cabbage. Each rat was supplied with about 5 gm. of the diet in
the beginning, which was slowly increased to 10 gm. taking care as far as possible
that not much diet was left on the next day. The weights of the animals were
recorded every fourth day throughout the experiment.
When the animals were 4 months old, the females of each group were mated
with males of the same group. The number of live young ones born was recorded
as an index of reproduction capacity and the number of young ones alive at weaning
time to represent the ability of the mother to rear her offsprings.
154
GROWTH PROMOTING VALUE OF OILS AND FATS
[Vol. XX, Part II
In order to study the effect of continuous feeding of vanaspati, the experiments
were continued over second and third generations using groundnut vanaspati m.p.
37.1°C. and 39.0°C., sesame vanaspati m.p. 37.1°C. and 38.7°C., and cottonseed
vanaspati m.p. 37.3°C. and 38.5°C. following the same technique. The rats in the
second generation were fed the diets their mothers were receiving , viz. the different
fats at 5.0 per cent level. The growth rate was compared after 48 days of the
experiment and at maturity, i.e. after 4 months, the male and female rats of the
same group were mated. The third generation of rats obtained was treated in the
same way as in the second generation.
The gain in weight made by the female and male rats, at the end of 48 days of
the experimental period, is shown in Fig. 1 for the first generation and in Fig. 2
for the second and third generations.
The summary of the growth promoting values of the various fats and the average
gains in weight per week per gm. of fat intake with their standard errors of the mean
for male and female rats, at the end of 48 days of the experiment in the first genera-
tion, shown in Tables I and II. Further, the summary of the results of the vanaspati
groups continued over the second and third generations is shown in Tables III
and IV.
TABLE I
Summary of the data on growth promoting value of various fats on male rats in first
generation
(results obtained at the end of 48 days of the experiment)
Serial
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Kind of fat used
Cow ghee
Buffalo ghee
Cow body fat
Buffalo body fat
Sheep body fat
Goat body fat
Groundnut oil
Sesame oil
Safflower oil
Coconut oil
Groundnut V. 37.0C.
Groundnut V. 34.1°C
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cow ghee
Goat ghee
Sheep ghee
Mustard oil
Cottonseed oil
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 39.3°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
Cottonseed V. 35.5°C.
Initial
weight
of rats
gm.
37.0
38.0
38.0
37.0
36.5
38.5
38.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
38.5
38.0
38.5
38.5
38.0
37.5
37.0
38.0
38.0
38.0
38.5
39.0 39.0
37.0
Gain in
weight gm.
Food
consumed
gm.
First series
90.2
80.8
85.0
84.3
85.0
79.8
92.0 81.3
79.3
92.3
88.0
82.3
79.0
84.5
346.5
342.5
350.0
349.0
358.5
348.5
350.0
350.0
348.5
348.5
348.3
351.0
348.0
353.5
Second series
97.0
95.8
96.8
113.8
107.0
94.3
99.3
95.8
75.5
80.3
348.0
350.5
352.0
338.0
347.0
340.0
332.0
336.0
323.5
323.5
Fat
intake gm.
17.3
17.1
17.5
17.5
17.7
17.4
17.5
17.5
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.6
17.4
17.7
17.4
17.5
17.6
16.9
17.4
17.0
16.6
16.8
16.2
16.2
Gain in
weight/
gm. of
fat
5.22
4.72
4.87
4.85
4.80
4.59
5.26
4.64
4.54
5.30
5.06
4.69
4.54
4.78
5.58
5.41
5.51
5.93
6.17
5.55
5.98
5.70
4.67
4.97
't' test for
significance
0.343
0.325 N.S.
0.268 „
0.440
„
0.190
„
0.185
„
0.331
„
0.126
„
0.382
„
0.169 „
0.253 „
0.264
„
0.344
„
0.170
„
0.402
0.278 N.S.
0.290 „
0.592 „
0.181 „
0.273 „
0.636 „
0.365
„
0.394
„
0.201
„
V.—Hydrogenated oil
N.S.—Not significant
September, 1950] BHALERAO, VENKATAPPIAH AND ANANTAKRISHNAN 155
FIG. 1(a).
FIG. 1(b).
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Cow ghee
Buffalo ghee
Cow body fat
Buffalo body fat
Sheep body fat
Goat body fat
G.
II.
I.
J.
K.
L.
Groundnut oil
Sesame oil
Safflower oil
Coconut oil
Groundnut oil V.37°
Groundnut oil V.34°
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
Cottonseed V.38.5°
Sesame V. 38.7°
Cow ghee
Goat ghee
Sheep ghee
Mustard oil
S.
T.
U.
V.
W.
X.
Cottonseed oil
Groundnut V.39°
Sesame V.39°
Sesame V.37°
Cottonseed V.37.3°
Cottonseed V.35.5°
FIG. 1.—The average gain in weight of male (Fig. 1a) and female (Fig. 1b) rats after six weeks
(solid black) after eight weeks (cross hatched) and after twelve weeks (up to top of blank
space) on the following diets in first generation
156
GROWTH PROMOTING VALUE OF OILS AND FATS
[Vol. XX, Part III
FIG. 2(a).
FIG. 2(b).
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 37°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cottonseed V.38.5°C.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cow ghee
Groundnut V.39°C.
Sesame V.37.1°C.
Cottonseed V.37.3°C.
FIG. 2.––The average gain in weight of male (Fig. 2a) and female (Fig. 2b) rats after six weeks
(solid black) eight weeks (cross hatched) and after twelve weeks (up to top of blank space)
on the following diets in the second and third generations
September, 1950] BHALERAO, VENKATAPPIAH AND ANANTAKRISHNAN 157
TABLE II
Summary of the data on growth promoting value of various fats on female rats in first
generation
(results obtained at the end of 48 days of the experiment)
Serial
num-
ber
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
10
Kind of fat used
Cow ghee
Buffalo ghee
Cow body fat
Buffalo body fat
Sheep body fat
Goat body fat
Groundnut oil
Sesame oil
Safflower oil
Coconut oil
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Groundnut V. 34.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cow ghee
Goat ghee
Sheep ghee
Mustard oil
Cottonseed oil
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 39.3°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
Cottonseed V. 35.5°C.
Initial
weight
of rats
gm.
38.0
38.0
37.0
38.0
37.5
37.0
37.5
37.0
37.0
38.5
37.5
38.0
37.5
38.0
39.0
38.0
38.0
37.0
37.0
38.0
38.0
39.0
37.5
38.0
Gain in
weight gm.
Food
consumed
gm.
First series
66.3
63.3
58.7
57.0
57.0
57.7
57.7
57.3
65.7
64.0
61.2
54.5
64.3
55.0
350.0
341.0
350.3
335.0
332.7
340.0
349.0
342.0
353.7
338.7
345.0
336.0
333.7
336.0
Second series
64.3
66.7
72.8
69.8
68.3
64.7
66.0
63.3
50.5
71.0
346.0
344.7
339.0
346.0
330.7
333.0
335.3
325.7
313.3
335.3
Fat
intake gm.
17.5
17.2
17.5
16.8
16.9
17.0
17.5
17.1
17.7
16.9
17.3
16.8
16.7
16.8
17.3
17.2
17.0
17.3
17.0
16.7
16.8
16.3
16.7
16.8
Gain in
weight/
gm. of
fat
3.78
3.72
3.35
3.31
3.43
3.38
3.31
3.36
3.72
3.80
3.56
3.24
3.86
3.26
3.73
3.88
4.20
4.04
4.02
3.88
3.94
3.89
3.22
4.23
't' test for
significance
0.217
0.191 N.S.
0.062 S.
0.123 „
0.123 N.S.
0.325 „
0.120 „
0.239 „
0.186 „
0.247 „
0.192 „
0.090 8.
0.115 N.S.
0.118 S.
0.122
0.152 N.S.
0.062 S.
0.106 N.S.
0.160 „
0.185 „
0.143 „
0.159 „
0.101 S.
0.194 N.S.
V.—Hydrogenated oil
N.S.—Not significant
S.—Significant
158
GROWTH PROMOTING VALUE OF OILS AND FATS [Vol. XX, Part III
TABLE III
Summary of the data on growth promoting value of various fats in second generation
(results obtained at the end of 48 days of the experiment)
Serial
num-
ber
Kind of fat used
Initial
weight
of rats
gm.
Gain in
weight gm.
Food
consumed
gm.
Fat
intake gm.
Gain in
weight
gm. of
fat
't' test for
significance
Growth of male rats
First series
1
2
3
4
Cow ghee
Groundnut V.37.0°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
38.5
37.5
40.0
39.0
81.5
80.3
80.8
59 0
366.0
366.0
370.5
303.5
18.3
18.3
18.5
15.2
4.45
4.38
4.36
3.90
0.151
0.190 N.S.
0.344 „
0.150
S.
Second series
5
6
7
8
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
37.0
37.5
39.0
39.3
72.3
74.3
76.5
70.5
360.0
359.3
360.3
337.3
18.0
18.0
18.0
16.9
4.07
4.17
4.25
4.13
0.197
0.188 N.S.
0.116 „
0.324 „
Growth of female rats
First series
1
2
3
4
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Sesame V. 38.5C.
Cottonseed V. 38.7°C.
38.0
38.0
38.0
39.0
59.5
57.0
46.3
50.3
358.0
357.0
302.0
338.0
17.9
17.8
15.1
16.9
3.33
3.19
3.07
2.98
0.307
0.037 N.S.
0.054 „
0.130 „
Second series
5
6
7
8
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
37.0
37.6
37.5
37.5
48.7
45.5
54.0
53.3
349.8
342.5
329.8
333.8
17.5
17.1
16.5
16.7
2.80
2.66
3.25
3.19
0.166
0.106 N.S.
0.206 „
0.119 „
V.—Hydrogenated oil
N.S.—Not significant
S.—Significant
September, 1950] BHALERAO, VENKATAPPIAH AND ANANTAKRISHNAN 159
TABLE IV
Summary of the data on growth promoting value of various fats in third generation
(results obtained at the end of 48 days of the experiment)
Serial
num-
ber
Kind of fat used
Initial
weight
of rats
gm.
Gain in
weight gm.
Food
consumed
gm.
Fat
intake gm.
Gain in
weight
gm. of
fat
't' test for
significance
Growth of male rats
First series
1
2
3
4
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
37.5
37.3
39.0
37.6
75.0
67.3
53.8
48.0
311.7
285.7
275.7
271.7
15.6
14.3
13.8
13.6
4.81
4.75
3.85
3.53
0.191
0.226 N.S.
0.134 S.
0.181 „
Second series
5
6 7
8
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
40.0
30.0
39.6
30.3
93.7
95.5
89.5
90.7
340.7
340.2
339.3
343.0
17.0
17.0
16.9
17.2
5.50
5.62
5.28
5.29
0.062
0.062 N.S.
0.175
..
0.199
..
Growth of female rats
First series
1
2
3
4
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.3°C.
37.3
37.3
38.3
37.0
53.5
52.3
45.0
46.2
329.7
308.7
270.3
305.3
16.5
15.4
13.5
15.3
3.25
3.40
3.33
30.3
0.092
0.116 N.S.
0.174
..
0.112
..
Second series
5
6 7
8
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 39.3°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
39.6
39.5
40.0
39.6
64.5
63.8
62.5
55.0
340.0
337.3
338.0
331.7
17.0
16.9
16.9
16.6
3.79
3.79
3.70
3.32
0.128
0.198 N.S.
0.173
..
0.182
..
V.—Hydrogenated oil
N.S.—Not significant
S.—Significant
From Figs. 1 and 2 it is seen that there is practically no difference in the gain
in weight made by different groups when compared with cow ghee, except sesame
V. m.p. 38.7°C. in second and third generations and cottonseed V. m.p. 38.5°C. in
third generation which caused poor growth in male rats, during the first 6 weeks
of the experiment.
If the growth of the male rats was taken into consideration at the end of 48
days, it is seen from Table I, that the maximum growth induced was by coconut
oil in the first batch and by mustard oil in the second batch, but the differences
in the gains in weight made by different groups when compared with cow ghee group
were without statistical significance. Among the female rats the body fats from
cow and buffalo, groundnut oil, groundnut V. m.p. 34.1°C. and sesame V. m.p. 38.7°C.
showed significantly poor growth when compared with cow ghee group in the first
batch. In the second batch only cottonseed V. m.p. 37.3°C. indicated poor growth,
while sheep ghee was found to induce better growth.
In second generation sesame V. m.p. 38.7°C. indicated poor growth in males.
The average gain in weight per gm. of fat consumed in case of the other Vanaspati
groups, however, compared favourably well with that of cow ghee group and the
slight differences obtained were without any significance.
160
GROWTH PROMOTING VALUE OF OILS AND FATS
[Vol. XX, Part III
With regard to the growth rate in the third generation it was found that there
were practically no differences in the growth promoting values of vanaspati and
cow ghee groups except in the case of cottonseed V. m.p. 38.5°C. and sesame V.
m.p. 38.7° C. which induced poor growth in male rats.
The results of the growth rate at the end of 64 days of the experiment, which
are shown in Tables V to VIII confirm the results for 48 days.
TABLE V
Summary of the data on the growth promoting value of various fats on male rats in first
generation
(results obtained at the end of 64 days of the experiment)
Serial
num-
ber
Kind of fat used
Initial
weight
of rats
gm.
Gain in
weight gm.
Food
consumed
gm.
Fat
intake gm.
Gain in
weight
gm. of
fat
't' test for
significance
First series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Cow ghee
Buffalo ghee
Cow body fat
Buffalo body fat
Sheep body fat
Goat body fat
Groundnut oil
Sesame oil
Safflower oil
Coconut oil
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Groundnut V. 34.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
37.0
38.0
38.0
37.0
36.5
37.5
38.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
38.5
38.0
38.5
38.5
109.3
99.0
101.8
105.2
108.0
106.8
109.0
110.3
98.3
112.5
102.3
103.6
105.6
105.0
505.0
495.5
497.5
496.0
505.5
492.0
508.5
491.5
499.0
491.5
493.5
499.5
498.0
510.5
25.3
24.8
24.9
24.8
25.3
24.6
25.4
24.6
25.0
24.6
24.7
25.0
24.9
25.5
4.33
4.01
4.10
4.26
4.24
4.35
2.49
4.50
3.93
4.59
4.10
4.15
4.24
4.11
0.208
0.141 N.S.
0141 „
0.311 „
0.173 „
0.196 „
0.223 „
0.196 „
0.231 „
0.115 „
0.108 ,
0.200 ,
0.245
0.143 „
Second series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Cow ghee
Goat ghee
Sheep ghee
Mustard oil
Cottonseed oil
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 39.3°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
Cottonseed V. 35.5°C.
38.0
37.5
37.0
38.0
38.0
38.0
38.5
39.0
39.0
37.0
135.3
136.5
136.0
149.2
142.5
129.5
131.7
131.0
112.8
112.8
500.5
531.5
504.0
487.5
508.0
480.0
472.5
487.0
470.5
463.0
25 0
26.6
25.2
24.4
25.4
24.0
23.6
24.4
23.5
23.2
5.40
5.15
5.41
6.12
5.59
5.39
5.58
5.38
4.79
4.85
0.200
0.168 N.S.
0.216 „
0.115 S.
0.374 N.S.
0.381 „
0.191 „
0.204 „
0.276 S.
0.208 N.S.
V.—Hydrogenated oil
N.S.—Not significant
S.—Significant
September, 1950] BHALERAO, VENKATAPPIAH AND ANANTAKRISHNAN 161
TABLE VI
Summary of the data on growth promoting value of various fats on female rats in first
generation
(results obtained at the end of 64 days of the experiment)
Serial
num-
ber
Kind of fat used
Initial
weight
of rats
gm.
Gain in
weight gm.
Food
consumed
gm.
Fat
intake gm.
Gain in
weight
gm. of
fat
't' test for
significance
First series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Cow ghee
Buffalo ghee
Cow body fat
Buffalo body fat
Sheep body fat
Goat body fat
Groundnut oil
Sesame oil
Safflower oil
Coconut oil
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Groundnut V. 34.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
38.0
38.0
37.0
38.0
37.5
37.0
37.5
37.0
37.0
38.5
37.5
38.0
37.5
38.0
76.0
71.8
69.0
63.1
65.9
68.2
72.4
68.7
74.4
75.7
78.1
65.8
73.4
70.0
506.3
494.7
517.0
474.0
471.7
483.7
499.3
483.7
508.0
482.3
496.3
479.0
477.0
479.3
25.3
24.7
25.9
23.7
23.6
24.2
25.0
24.2
25.4
24.1
24.8
25.0
23.9
24.0
3.00
2.90
2.67
2.67
2.79
2.83
2.73
2.85
2.93
3.10
3.04
2.75
3.08
2.92
0.098
0.201 N.S.
0.103 S.
0.227 „
0.167 „
0.221 N.S.
0.205 S.
0.178 N.S.
0.131 „
0.190 „
0.183 „
0.096 S.
0.106 N.S.
0.097 „
Second series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Cow ghee
Goat ghee
Sheep ghee
Mustard oil
Cottonseed oil
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 39.3°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
Cottonseed V. 35.3°C.
39.0
38.0
38.0
37.0
37.0
38.0
38.0
39.0
37.5
38.0
85.2
81.8
86.8
91.6
84.0
79.5
90.6
85.2
66.4
89.3
493.0
495.7
487.0
488.0
488.0
480.7
477.7
466.0
449.3
482.7
24.7
24.8
24.4
24.4
24.4
24.0
23.9
23.3
24.5
24.1
2.43
3.31
2.57
3.75
3.41
3.28
3.97
3.66
2.95
3.65
0.140
0.140 N.S.
0.081 „
0.616 „
0.219 „
0.134 „
0.220 „
0.113 „
0.076 S.
0.325 N.S.
V.—Hydrogenated oil
N.S.—Not significant
S.—Significant
C
162
GROWTH PROMOTING VALUE OF OILS AND
FATS
[Vol. XX, Part III
TABLE VII
Summary of the data on growth promoting value of various fats in second generation
(results obtained at the end of 64 days of the experiment)
Serial
num-
ber
Kind of fat used
Initial
weight
of rats
gm.
Gain in
weight gm.
Food
consumed
gm.
Fat
intake gm.
Gain in
weight
gm. of
fat
't' test for
significance
Growth of male rats
First series
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
38.5
37.5
39.0
40.0
116.7
115.2
104.5
118.0
514.3
507.2
496.8
508.2
25.7
25.4
24.8
25.4
4.50
4.54
4.21
4.64
0.239
0.268 N.S.
0.184 „
0.256 „
Second series
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
37.0
37.5
39.0
39.3
104.7
116.5
112.5
102.8
519.5
516.5
517.7
492.3
26.0
25.8
25.9
24.6
4.03
4.50
4.35
4.46
0.218
0.155 N.S.
0.078 „
0.194 „
Growth of female rats
First series
1
2
3
4
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
38.0
38.0
38.0
39.0
81.8
73.8
72.0
62.5
504.3
498.7
492.7
488.2
25.2
24.9
24.6
24.4
3.23
2.90
2.92
2.56
0.202
0.109 N.S.
0.048 „
0.063 S.
Second series
5
6
7
8
Cow ghee
Groundnut V .39.0°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
37.0
37.6
37.5
37.5
71.5
63.7
72.3
75.0
489.8
495.0
476.7
479.3
24.5
24.8
23.8
24.0
2.84
3.14
2.87
3.12
0.194
0.082 N.S.
0.459 „
0.131 „
V.—Hydrogenated oil
N.S.—Not significant
S.—Significant
September, 1950] BHALERAO, VENKATAPPIAH AND ANANTAKRISHNAN 163
TABLE VIII
Summary of the data on growth promoting value of various fats in third generation
(results obtained at the end of 64 days of the experiment)
Serial
num-
ber
Kind of fat used
Initial
weight
of rats
gm.
Gain in
weight gm.
Food
consumed
gm.
Fat
intake gm.
Gain in
weight
gm. of
fat
't' test for
significance
Growth of male rats
First series
1
2
3
4
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
37.5
37.3
39.0
37.6
111.3
104.8
102.7
91.0
496.7
484.0
490.3
484.7
24.8
24.2
24.5
24.3
4.68
4.32
4.19
3.75
0.143
0.209 N.S.
0.118 S.
0.130 „
Second series
5
6
7
8
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesam V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
40.0
39.0
39.6
39.3
134.3
139.0
121.0
124.2
498.0
494.3
494.6
492.0
24.9
24.7
24.7
24.6
6.39
5.63
4.93
5.19
0.034
0.219 N.S.
0.157
„
0.114
„
Growth of female rats
First series
1
2
3
4
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 37.0°C.
Sesame V. 38.7°C.
Cottonseed V. 38.5°C.
37.3
37.3
38.3
37.0
78.1
75.7
76.8
70.0
486.3
476.0
466.7
461.3
24.3
23.8
23.3
23.1
3.22
3.17
3.29
3.04
0.083
0.141 N.S
0.073 „
0.144 „
Second series
5
6
7
8
Cow ghee
Groundnut V. 39.0°C.
Sesame V. 37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. 37.3°C.
39.6
39.5
30.0
39.6
81.6
76.4
77.2
79.7
496.0
488.3
494.0
482.0
24.8
24.4
24.7
24.1
3.29
3.13
3.01
3.31
0.232
0.109 N.S.
0.308 „
0 102 „
V.—Hydrogenated oil
N.S.—Not significant
S.—Significant
164
GROWTH PROMOTING VALUE OF OILS AND FATS
[Vol. XX, Part III
From the record of the reproduction capability of the female rats as shown in
Tables IX and X, it was found that practically all the females gave birth to young
ones and the number per litter from group to group did not vary much.
TABLE IX
Record of the reproduction capability and the ability of the mother to rear her offsprings
when fed on various oils and fats
Serial
num-
ber
Kind of fat used
Number of
females
remained
sterile
(out of
six)
Number of
young ones
born
Female Male
Number of
deaths
before
weaning
Average weight of
the young ones at
weaning time in gm.
Female Male
First series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Cow ghee
Buffalo ghee
Cow body fat
Buffalo body fat
Sheep body fat
Goat body fat
Groundnut oil
Sesame oil
Safflower oil
Coconut oil
Groundnut V. m.p.
37.0°C.
Groundnut V. m.p.
34.1°C.
Sesame V. m.p.
38.7°C.
Cottonseed V. m.p.
38.5°C.
—
—
1
—
—
—
1
—
2
1
—
1
—
—
20
24
14
18
20
13
21
21
15
19
16
12
12
14
15
13
10
13
11
15
8
10
10
12
16
14
15
13
—
—
1
—
2
1
1
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
25
24
25
23
20
22
22
23
20
21
23
22
21
23
23
23
24
23
22
24
21
21
22
20
22
23
23
23
Second series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Cow ghee
Goat ghee
Sheep ghee
Mustard oil
Cottonseed oil
Groundnut V. m.p.
39.0°C.
Sesame V. m.p.
39.3°C.
Sesame V. m.p.
37.1°C.
Cottonseed V. m.p.
37.3°C.
Cottonseed V. m.p.
35.5°C.
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
1
1 mother
died due
to accident
1
24
21
17
23
22
19
19
15
16
16
21
14
23
22
25
25
29
22
13
20
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
21
23
21
20
22
21
20
23
21
22
22
23
24
20
24
23
22
25
24
24
V.—Hydrogenated oil or vanaspati