60
ABSTRACT
[VOL. XVIII, PART 1,
sheep of immature flukes was 12 ± 29.3 and that of adults was 2.07 ± 5.29. While necropsy of the latter lot showed
immature flukes in three and mature flukes in one only and the mean number per sheep of immature flukes was10 ±
13.74 and that of adults was 0.57 ± 1.69. The results indicate that immature flukes are more resistant than mature
ones. The author suggests that the treatment of animals should be undertaken during the season when there are
fewest immature flukes in the body.
To determine the effect of repeated administration of the drug, it was drenched to one small mature ewe and one
yearling ram in daily doses of 30 and 60 c.c. for 12 and four days respectively and was found to be well tolerated by
both. However, in a footnote, the author states, that some instances of intoxication and death occurred in one
locality following treatment of sheep with hexachlorethane as well as with a standard dose of carbon tetrachloride.
(M.A.)
REVIEWS
The Use and Misuse of Shrubs and Trees as Fodder with Tables showing composition and
digestibility.
(Published by the Imperial Bureau of Pastures and field Crops Aberyslwyth, Imperial Forestry Bureau, O
Imperial Bureau of Animal Nutrition Aberdeen, June 1947 Re. 0-9-0-)
IN the foreword of this recent publication of the I. A. B., the reader is reminded of the importance
of the subject with which it deals by the arresting statement that ' It is humbling fact for grass pasture
experts to realize that probably more animals feed on shrubs and trees, or on associations in which
shrubs and trees play an important part, than on true grass or grass-legume pastures, short and tall-
grass ranges, and steppes '.
A brief and very general description is given of the material, now available for grazing and brow-
zing in vast areas on every continent, except Latin America (already dealt with in Bulletin 36) ; of
the land on which it grows ; of the system, or lack of system, used by the graziers ; of observations
made by the scientists and of their recommendation for regeneration, preservation and development;
of a descriptive list of the fodder trees and shrubs found in each territory of the importance attached
to them locally as animal feed. A valuable Table indicates the chemical composition of the edible
parts, at various stages of growth of 486 of these trees and shrubs, and another, the nutritive value of
79 of them.
Throughout the world, there is the same tale of ignorant misuse, if not, actual abuse of this indis-
pensable fodder. Although it is within, only the last two or three decades that the subject has received
any considerable scientific study, the authorities in each country apparently have little difficulty
in confidentally recommending the action needed to stop deterioration. The lamentable fact remains
however, that although one reads of what should be done and what could be done, there is little to be
told of what has been done. In this respect, India is, with the United States, one of the countries
which can report the results of trials actually made.
One of the most useful parts of the publication, will probably be, found to be the list of references
at the end of each section.
[G. W.]
MGIPC—III-I.26 -9.2.49—520.