NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
SECT. X.] SANITARY REGULATIONS.
187
(g.)The space allowed for the hutting of each rank is as follows :—
Subadar
... ... ...
...
... 30 by 40 feet.
Jemadar
...
...
...
...
... 30 „ 30 „
Farrier, Trumpet, Drum, Bugle, and Fife Majors,
and Havildar Majors, Havildar and Darogah of
Artillery
...
...
...
...
...
... 30 „ 20 „
Farrier, Trumpeter, Drummer, Bugler, Fifer, Hos-
pital Assistant, Naigue, and Choudry of Artillery. 30 „ 16 „
Private, Puekally, Lascar, Dhoby, Barber, and Driver
of Artillery ...
...
...
...
•••
...
30 „ 13 , ,
(h.) The height of the centre walls of each hut to be thirteen feet, and
that of the side walls eight feet. The verandah beyond the side walls being
the slope down to four feet.
(i. ) The drainage of lines should be systematically effected, and special
care should be taken to ensure all water and sewage being discharged at a
distance from the lines, and from the vicinity of adjacent wells, tanks, or
reservoirs. When stone is abundant, all the large street drains must be of
stone masonry of V shape. The angle of these drains should be closed in the
cement, and to ensure cleanliness, they should be flushed daily.
Ventilation and Cooling.
101. Punkahs.—All Barrack-rooms, Hospitals, Libraries, Canteens, and
guard-rooms in the occupation of European troops, with
the exception of those in Mysore, and Hill stations, will
be provided with punkahs at the expense of the State, to
be pulled night and day, during such period of the hot
season, as may be certified by the officer commanding the station to be
necessary.
102. PUNKAHS AND TATTIES, FAMILY QUARTERS.—Kuss-kuss tatties, Pun-
kahs and punkah-pullers, supplied at the expense of the
State, to the Barracks of European Regiments and Bat-
teries at the Stations noted in the margin, will also be
supplied to the Family quarters at each of the said
Stations, for such period, during the hot season, as
may be certified (by the Commanding Officer) to be
necessary.
103 Night Tatties. —Tatties are allowed during the night for Barracks,
Hospitals and cells, whenever at 9 P.M. the thermometer
indicates a temperature of, or in excess of 95° Fahren-
heit. The establishment must be discharged when for two consecutive nights
the temperature falls below that degree.
G. O. G., Nos. 117
and 223 of 1848.
No. 84 of 1849
No. 133 of 1854.
Fort St. George,
Bellary, Kamptee,
The Mount, Secun-
derabad, Poonamal-
lee, Trimulgherry,
Trichinopoly.
G. O. G ., No. 165 of
16th April 1867.
G. O., No. 3,153 of
1869, M. D.
188
SANITARY REGULATIONS.
[SECT. X.
104. Soldiers' Gardens.—Soldiers' Gardens are of two kinds—
(a.) Regimental—worked by the men entirely, at fixed rates, or by
Natives under regimental supervision, and supplying
vegetables for the Commissariat Department or local
market ; these should be at a convenient distance from the Barracks.
(b.) Company, or small plots in the immediate vicinity of the Bar-
racks—worked solely by the men themselves for their own amusement and
benefit.
1 0 5 . D I S T I N C T I O N S T O B E O B S E R V E D I N C O R R E S P O N D E N C E . — T h e s e
d i s t i n c t i o n s ,
" Regimental" and " Company," will be observed in all correspondence.
106. SELECTION OF SITES AND PREPARATION OF THE GROUND.—In order to
prevent any future objections being raised, either by Medical Officers or Offi-
cers of the Public Works Department, to the sites selected for gardens, they
are to be chosen by the Cantonment Committee ; and the Executive Engi-
neer must state on the report whether there is any departmental objection to
the site or sites.
107. SUPPLY OF PRODUCE TO COMMISSARIAT DEPARTMENT.—AS a first step
towards the provision of vegetables for the troops, recourse is to be had to
Regimental Gardens, it being the desire of Government to give these gardens
every reasonable encouragement.
108. In furtherance of this object, Executive Commissariat Officers will,
in the first week of January of each year, furnish Officers commanding
stations with a memorandum, showing the probable quantity of vegetables that
will be daily required for Emropean Troops during the ensuing official year.
109. On receipt of this memorandum, Commanding Officers will ascer-
tain from Officers Commanding European Corps, the extent to which the
gardens are likely to furnish the quantity required ; the several kinds of
vegetables that can be supplied in each month of the year, and the price at
which, in their opinion, payment should be made.
110. FORMATION AND ASSEMBLY OF COMMITTEES.—On the above inform-
ation being obtained, Commanding Officers
of stations will assemble Committees to de-
termine the articles that should be taken from
the gardens during each month of the year,
and to fix the prices to be paid for the vege-
tables ; due consideration being given by the
Committee to the interests of the Soldier, and
to the prices locally prevailing for the des-
cription of articles recommended by the
Committee.
G. O. C. C., No. 89
of 13th July 1868.
To be composed as follows : —
Head Quarter Stations.
Senior Medical Officer H. M.'s
Forces to be in attendance.
Executive Commissariat Officer.
A Field Officer or Captain.
Out Posts.
A Field Of f
icer or Captain.
An Officer in charge of a Troop
or Company.
A Medical Officer to be in at-
tendance.
Qr. Matr. Genl.'s
Dept., Cir. No. 404 of
16th Jan. 1868.
Dis. of S. S., No.
67 of 9th March 1865.
SECT. X.] SANITARY REGULATIONS. 1 89
111. If it shall appear that these gardens are capable of supplying only
a portion of the vegetables required, or that the gardens cannot be depended
on to supply any, Committees will determine what description and quantities
of each kind, reported to be obtainable from other sources during each season,
should be issued in the several months.
112. The proceedings of Committees, on being closed, are to be
made over to Executive Commissariat Officers, who will arrange for the
supply of the articles recommended by Committees to complete the quanti-
ties which the Soldiers' Gardens may be unable to supply.
113. Bedding of troops.— A Regiment arriving in India is, on landing,
supplied with full bedding; but should a Corps arrive
late in the season, the supply for the year due on the 1st
October following, is only issued in addition, when certified by a Committee to
be necessary.
114. BEDDING OF TROOPS AT SEA.—All troops proceeding to England,
including Invalids and time-expired men, are allowed
each a hammock with bedding and pillows, and two Eng-
lish blankets, with five spare blankets per 100 men for use on boardship, to
be provided by the Commissariat Department. The old bedding in possession
is to be disposed of by the men before they embark. No old bedding is to be
permitted to be taken on board.
115. The annual bedding issuable in October will not be supplied to
troops about to proceed Home in the ensuing cold-weather.
116. STRAW FOR PALLIASSES.—Government sanctions the issue of two
Palliasses (with 20 lbs. of straw to each) for each
cot, whether iron or wooden, in use with European
Troops.
117. Recreation. —Provision for the following build-
ings in connection with the barracks of each European
corns is sanctioned :—
I. FIVES COURT.—A double Fives Court for each Wing on an improved
plan, one Court in each Wing to have a back wall to admit of its being used
for racket playing.
II. SKITTLE ALLEY.—A double Skittle Alley in each Wing, one of each
to be of sufficient length to allow of the American bowl game.
III. GYMNASIUM.—A Gymnasium according to the English plan, of the
4th class as far as practicable.
IV. SWIMMING BATH.—A Swimming Bath for each Wing for men, raised
above the level of the ground to admit of complete natural drainage.
Mil. Dept., No. 159
of 9th June 1864.
G. O. C C., No. 95 of
13th Sept. 1866.
190
SANITARY REGULATIONS.
[SECT. X.
V. The same for each Wing for the men's families.
VI. WORKSHOPS.—Accommodation for Workshops.
VII. READING AND REFRESHMENT-ROOM.—A reading-room with Presses
for Books, a Recreation-room and Regimental Refreshment shop, all under
the same roof, but the latter at one end, separated entirely from the rest of
the building by a partition wall, and having a separate entrance.
VIII. CRICKET GROUND.—A Cricket ground to be railed in and turfed by
Government.
IX. SERJEANTS ' MESS.—A Serjeants' mess with Reading and Recrea-
tion-rooms in a central position, convenient to the Staff Serjeants' quarters,
or in the case of Batteries of Artillery, or other bodies of men, under the
same roof as the Staff Serjeants' quarters.
X. MUSKETRY INSTRUCTION-ROOM.—A Musketry Instruction-room.
XI. WOMENS ' DAY-ROOM.—A Woman's day-room for each Wing.
III.—Marching of Troops.
G. O. C. C., No. 11
of 22nd Jan. 1866.
118. Rules for the prevention of Cholera.— Prior to the march of
troops, it should be ascertained whether cholera prevails
on the road.
119. SELECTION OF CAMPING GROUNDS.—Particular attention must, at all
times be given to the selection of encamping ground, for which, whenever
practicable, elevated and dry situations should be chosen, sufficiently re-
moved from the village or town, and from the influence of swamps or pools of
stagnant water. The banks of rivers are to be avoided. Officers are strictly
enjoined never, under any circumstances, to encamp upon ground, however
inviting it may appear, where cholera has shown itself in a preceding Corps
or Detachment.
120. MEDICAL OFFICER TO BE CONSULTED.—Officers C o m m a n d i n g C o r p s o r
Detachments in movement, are to consult with the officer in medical charge,
regarding the healthiness of the site upon which they propose encamping,
and in such cases officers are to be guided by medical opinion, unless they
shall see weighty reasons for setting it aside, which are at once to be reported
to the Quarter Master General for the information of the Commander-in-
Chief.
121. When Epidemic cholera appears. —In the event of the troops or
followers being attacked by sickness, it is directed that the greatest attention
be paid to the selection of encamping ground ; that it be high, dry, and
clean ; and this, it is considered, may generally be found at some slight
sacrifice of convenience, with respect to water and supplies, which, however
in the case supposed, must be looked upon as of minor importance.
SECT. X.]
SANITARY REGULATIONS.
191
122. TOWNS AND VILLAGES TO BE AVOIDED.—Officers whose camps may be
attacked by cholera, are strictly enjoined to avoid encamping near towns or
villages, and to allow no further communication with the inhabitants than
may be absolutely necessary for the supply of provisions, and this under such
restrictions, as may confine it to the healthiest part of the camp.
123. The same rules are to be followed when passing through a district,
or through a town or village in which the disease may exist.
124. HALTS, OR SHORT MARCHES AND DIVISION OF CAMP.—In cases where the
violence of the disease may render the measure necessary, Officers will halt
altogether on any eligible spot within reach, or merely move their camp for
change of air, and clean encamping ground, until it may appear advisable to
move on. Whenever practicable, the Corps or Detachment should be broken
up into as many divisions as can be properly provided with medical aid, and
separate encampments formed, one or two miles apart, measures being taken
to prevent communication.
125. DAILY REPORTS.—So long as cholera exists in camp, a daily report of
cases and deaths is to be forwarded to the Quarter Master General; Europeans
and Natives are to be separately shown, and the names of all European Officers
attacked or deceased, are to be reported.
126. COUNTRY COTS .—In cases of extraordinary sickness, Officers Com
- m a n d i n g C o r p s a n d D e t a c h m e n t sa
r e
a u t h o r i z e d t o i n d e n t u p o n C o l l e c t o r s ,
or the Commissariat Department, for such number of country cots as may be
absolutely necessary.
127. REGIMENTS TO MOVE BY WINGS, WHEN PRACTICABLE.—When sufficient
medical aid is available, and there is no military necessity for marching
entire, Regiments will march by Wings, at an interval of ten days.
128. WASHING AND PURIFICATION OF CLOTHES.—On every occasion of a halt,
orders should be issued and enforced for a thorough washing of all the clothes
and for the complete purification of the carts, and the matting which forms
the hood of the carts. Officers commanding are especially enjoined to see
that these instructions are rigidly carried out, as it has been proved by expe
- r i e n c e t h a t t h i s i s o n e o f t h e m o s t e f f e c t u a l m o d e s o f p r e v e n t i n g c h o l e r a o r o f
mitigating its attacks. In the Progress Report, it should be noted that this
has been done. Care should be taken that the water used for this purpose is not
that used for drinking. A guard should be invariably placed over the latter
to prevent its contamination.
129. DIVERGENCE FROM ROUTE.—Should cholera attack the Regiment, it is
desirable that a divergence from the road of four or five miles should be made,
at right angles to the prevalent wind, or track of the disease. But this will
192
SANITARY REGULATIONS.
[SECT. X.
seldom be practicable on account of the want of supplies on a road on which
notice has not been given.
130. Conservancy of Camps.—With a view to preserving the conser-
vancy of camps and encamping grounds, the Commander-in-Chief directs that
the system shall be adopted in camp, as is the practice in all Military Can-
tonments, the main principle of which is, the daily burial of all refuse
matter.
131. TRENCHES FOR LATRINES.-It is established as a standing order
among all European Troops moving in course of relief, or otherwise, that two
trenches, each two feet deep, two feet wide, and fifty feet long, are to be dug
by coolies to be employed for the purpose, at a distance of 120 yards from the
ranks of each encamping ground, the inward flanks of such trenches to be
120 yards from the outward flanks of the camp, that is, in echellon; but
should the nature of the ground prevent their location according to this rule,
the same principle for their location is to be observed, that is, they are not on
any account to be directly in front or rear of the camp, but in echellon on their
flanks, being so placed that the prevailing wind is not to carry the effluvia to
the camp these trenches are never to be in such proximity to wells as to
make percolation to the water possible.
132. LATRINE TRENCHES TO BE DUG DAILY.—The Quarter Master, or who-
ever is entrusted with the formation of the encampment, is to see that this
arrangement is made daily at the advance ground. before the arrival of the
troops, and a flag or other mark should be placed to show the position of the
trenches, one of which is to be allotted for the European soldiers, and the
other for the Native camp followers, &c., of a British Regiment : the same
principle is also to be strictly enforced for Native Regiments, Cavalry or
Infantry, on the march. Officers commanding are to allot a certain site or
position in the vicinity (but not too close) of each encamping ground for the
use of the Native soldiery and camp followers. The practice of defiling the
ground on all sides of the camp must be strictly prohibited.
133. TRENCHES TO BE FILLED WITH EARTH, AFTER USE.—These trenches
are to be thoroughly filled in with earth by coolies, before the rear guard quits
the ground, and for those duties the coolies should be properly divided between
the advance and main camps, and the Officer on duty with the rear guard is to
be required to report to the Commanding Officer that the trenches have been so
filled in, and in the case of Native Troops, that the " sites" specially selected
have been properly cleaned.
134. ENCAMPING GROUNDS TO BE CLEANED AFTER USE.--The Commanding
Officer of every Regiment or Detachment on the march, is required to place
himself in direct communication with the Tahsildar, or other responsible Native
SECT. X.] SANITARY REGULATIONS. 19
functionary at each encamping ground, to arrange that effectual measures are
adopted by the Native local authorities for thoroughly sweeping and cleaning
the whole area of each encamping ground immediately it is cleared of the camp
as well as the " sites" above referred to, and for burning or removing to a suit
-able distance all collections of stable litter or refuse-of every kind, &c., so as to
make the ground perfectly fit for re-occupation by any troops marching by the
same route.
135. ADDITIONAL TRENCHES FOR STANDING CAMP.—In the event of troop
forming a standing camp for exercise or other duties, or halting more that
the ordinary time at any camp ground, an additional deep trench should be
dug at a distance of at least 200 yards from the camp, and to leeward of it
on the same conditions as the first trenches, for the reception of filth twice
every day, coolies removing it from the camp trenches before mentioned, and
depositing it in the deeper and distinct trench as is done from the latrines in
Cantonments, and covering over with earth each day's accumulation.
136. Quality of drinking water. —Inquiries are also to be made by
the Quarter Master, or other responsible Officer of the Regiment, at each
advance ground, from the Native functionaries, as to whether the we
water has been recently drawn, and the water in a state fit for use for drin
k - i n g a n d o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; i f n o t , e f f e c t u a l a r r a n g e m e n t s m u s t b e m a d
for rendering it so before the arrival of the troops on the encampin
ground.
137. PROGRESS REPORTS.—In the Progress Reports furnished by Reg
ments to the Quarter Master General of the Army, a note is in future to be
entered, that these orders have been strictly carried out.
138. LABORERS TO BE SUPPLIED BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES.—The coolies to be
employed are to be supplied by the Native local authorities, on the requis
ition of the Commanding Officer, in such numbers as may be actually required.
Payment will be made on Contingent bills vouched in the usual manner, an
forwarded to the Quarter Master General to be disposed of, as are all other
contingent expenses on a march. The requisition for the coolies should be
made by the Commanding Officer at the same time that he furnishes the Civil
authorities with the indent for supplies.
139. WORKING PARTIES.—In the event of difficulty being found in supply
ing coolies, a working party from the Regiment must be told off to dig the
trenches, and fill them with earth, but not to remove the excreta. Regime
n - t a l i n t r e n c h i n g t o o l s a r e t o b e u s e d .
140. ENCAMPING GROUNDS TO BE PLOUGHED AFTER CHOLERA.—All encamping
grounds, used as Cholera camps, are to be ploughed im-
mediately after the troops have quitted them.
G. O. C.,No.150
of 1867.
Z
194 SANITARY REGULATIONS. [SECT. X.
141. NOT TO BE RE-OCCUPIED FOR TWELVE MONTIIS.—Cholera encampments
after being ploughed up are not, except when unavoidable, to be re-occupied
within twelve months. The ground, especially latrine trenches and such like,
within the limits of an encampment, is not to be disturbed during occupa-
tion, but all refuse, &c., is to be buried at a distance of at least five hundred
yards.
142. Burial Grounds. —In all encamping grounds, whether "Cholera"
or otherwise, a portion of the ground in the right rear angle 30 by 30 yards
(or in very small encamping grounds 30 by 20 yards) will be clearly marked
o f f a n d k e p t s o , t o b e u s e d , i f n e c e s s a r y , a s a b u r i a l g r o u n d .
143. CONSERVANCY OF CAMP BURIAL GROUNDS.—Whenever it is necessary to
inter a corpse in any encamping ground, immediate notice should be given by
the Commanding Officer to the Chief Civil authority of the District, and to
those on the spot and Government will be requested to provide for such
grounds being at once neatly enclosed by a good hedge, or other fence,—as
may be most convenient with reference to the locality—with a wicket for
entrance ; and also for the ground and its enclosure being thenceforward pro-
perly cared for.
144. Families on the march. — The following arrangements are ordered
with reference to the movement of the families of troops, European and
Native.
145. FAMILIES MAY PROCEED IN ADVANCE.—Officers Commanding Regi-
ments are allowed the discretion of sending the families in advance of the
men in the afternoon, or of suffering them to follow the Regiment, but the
former course is to be preferred when it can be adopted without inconve-
nience.
146. WORKING PARTY TO ACCOMPANY.—If the road is good, and the obstruc-
tion of rivers, &c., does not occur, the families may generally arrive soon after
the Regiment on the ground. When it is otherwise, it is better that the
families should precede the men. But in either case, the Regimental Artifi-
cers and a strong working party from the Regiment, under a Non-Commis-
sioned Officer, should accompany the carts to assist them in case of need.
147. CAMP TO LEEWARD.—The Quarter Master of the Regiment will
mark out on the new ground a site for the families to leeward of the ground
chosen for the camp of the men, and at some distance from it. Crowding
of the carts should be prohibited, and the bullocks should be removed to
the rear. No carts ought to be allowed to leave the camp during the
night, as they create disturbance and obstruct the road for the Regiment in
the morning.
SECT. X.]
SANITARY REGULATIONS.
195
148. IMPROPER FOOD PROHIBITED.—The Officer Commanding will take
particular care that unripe fruit and other sources of disease, are not sold in
the camp, nor brought to it. Frequent inspection of the bazaars should be
ordered.
149. ATTACKS OF DIARRHŒA TO BE REPORTED.—In order to maintain men
and families in health, they should be encouraged to eat heartily, and to bring
to speedy notice any attacks of Diarrhœa or any premonitory symptoms of
cholera, however sligh t.
IV.—Sanitary Regulations for Field Service.
150.INSPECTOR GENERAL TO APPOINT SANITARY OFFICER.—Whenever an
Army is about to take the Field, the Inspector General,
Indian Medical Department, shall recommend for appoint-
ment a competent Sanitary Medical Officer, to be attached to the Quarter
Master General's Department, as Sanitary Officer to the Army.
151. SANITARY INSTRUCTIONS.—Instructions shall be issued to the Princi-
pal Medical Officer and Sanitary Officer of every Army on active service, for
their guidance, on all matters connected with rations, clothing, shelter for
troops, sanitary arrangements and precautions for preventing disease, in addi-
tion to any printed regulations or instructions on the subject, as may be neces-
sary to meet the specialties of each case.
152. SANITARY OFFICERS TO MAKE INSPECTIONS OF BUILDINGS, AND TO ADVISE
QUARTER MASTER GENERAL.—The Sanitary Medical Officer shall accompany
the Quarter Master General, or such Officer as he may appoint, in selecting
buildings for occupation by troops, whether as hospitals, quarters, or stables.
He shall examine into their sanitary condition, as respects cleansing, nui-
sances, drainage, ventilation, lighting, water supply, lime-washing, cubic con-
tents, and into all other matters connected with such buildings as are likely to
affect the health of the troops or of sick ; and he shall advise the Quarter
Master General, or his deputy, on all such subjects, sending copies of all
reports he may have considered it necessary to make, to the Principal Medical
Officer of the force. The Sanitary Officer shall point out in his reports every
sanitary defect requiring removal, and the number of troops or sick which
can be safely accommodated in the buildings.
153. ALSO OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES.—The Sanitary Medical Officer shall
further examine into the sanitary condition of towns or villages about to be
occupied, and their neighbourhood ; and he shall make recommendations for
organizing a proper sanitary police, to preserve cleanliness and for removal of
nuisances, as well as for the execution of such sanitary measures as he may
consider necessary for protecting the health of troops in occupation.
H. M.'s Medical Re-
gulations, p. 82.