NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
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12. During the year, he inspected 8 veterinary hospitals and
41 veterinary dispensaries, the Government cattle at the Sabour
Farm, the jail cattle at Gaya, Buxar, Bhagalpur and Hazaribagh,
the Government ponies at the Police Training School, Hazari-
bagh, the Mounted Military Police horses at Arrah and also the
conservancy buffalœs at Giridih. In addition, he attended the
annual general meeting of the Co-operative Bank at Bihar Sharif,
and while on tour, visited 78 police-stations and 486 villages.
He spent 170 days on tour and travelled 3,729 miles by road
apart from the railway journeys.
NORTH BIHAR RANGE.
13. Special Officer, Mr. Ismail Malik, M.R.C.V.S., held charge
of the range throughout the year. He inspected all the hospi-
tals and dispensaries numbering 43, visited the Government
cattle farms, Pusa and Sipaya and also the important fairs and
shows at Sonepur, Purnea City, Khagra, Singheswarthan and
Sitamarhi and acted as one of the judges of the Sitamarhi and
Khagra shows. A severe outbreak of Anthrax having occurred
in the Darbhanga Raj stables, he personally attended the out-
break and also supervised the revaccination of the Sipaya herd
against hæmorrhagic septicæmia. He acted as an examiner at
the professional examination of the subordinate officers held at
Patna in October. Mr. Malik spent 152 days on tour and travel-
led 2,634 miles by road, in addition to the railway journeys.
CENTRAL RANGE.
14. Assistant Director Babu Nilmoni Chattarji was in
charge of the range throughout the year.
15. During the year, he inspected ail the hospitals and
dispensaries numbering 51 in the range and also the offices of
four veterinary inspectors. In course of his tours he visited
88 police-stations and 570 villages where he made enquiries into
the existence of cattle-disease and verified the work of the
subordinate staff. He moreover visited the Monghyr Dairy
Farm, the agricultural farms at Gaya, Bikramganj and Jamui and
the municipal cattle-sheds at Monghyr and Bhagalpur. He also
visited Mounted Military Police lines at Arrah, and inspected the
cattle of the Gaya, Bhagalpur, Hazaribagh and Buxar Central
Jails, the conservancy cattle of the municipalities of Bhagalpur,
Gaya and Arrah and the Hazaribagh Reformatory School,
attended the Bihta Show where he acted as a judge, and also
attended a meeting of the Divisional Development Board at
Bhagalpur; he delivered lectures to the cadets of the Hazaribagh
police training school on common contagious diseases of cattle
and their general management; examined a compounder under
4
training at the Bhagalpur veterinary hospital and acted as
a member and Secretary to the Bihar and Orissa Veterinary Exa-
mination Board in April and October. He was on tour for 138 days
and travelled 6,230 miles by road, in addition to the rail journeys.
16. The work of this range has considerably developed in
consequence of the extensive tours of the Range Officer and the
Special Officer, Mr. Sen, and also because the Director was
able to visit a larger number of institutions during the year.
ORISSA RANGE.
17. Assistant Director Rai Sahib P. N. Das was in charge
of the range. He inspected practically all the veterinary hos-
pitals and dispensaries, and while on tour, checked the mufassal
work of the veterinary assistant surgeons. He inspected the
offices of the veterinary inspectors, the pinjrapoles at Jatni,
Sambalpur, Sohella and Bargarh, visited the vaccine depot at
Namkum, and saw the livestock of the agricultural farms at
Cuttack, Khurda and Kanke, the Angul khedda elephants and
the horses of the Ravenshaw Girls' School, Cuttack. The Pashu-
mangal mela or the Show for the welfare of animals at Cuttack
was organized by him jointly with the Secretary to the local
S. P. C. A. He also attended the fairs and exhibitions at Chau-
liaganj, Banki and Ravenshaw college. He was on tour for
163 days and travelled 2,903 miles by road in addition to the
railway journeys.
CHAPTER II.
VET BINARY INSTRUCTION.
BIHAR AND ORISSA VETERINARY COLLEGE.
18. The college completed its second session during the
year. Mr. R. T. Davis, I.V.S., held charge of the Principalship
throughout the year except for one month from 16th December
1931 to 15th January 1932 when he proceeded on leave and the
Professor of Pathology and Research Officer, Mr. P. G. Malkani,
B.V.SC., M.R.C.V.S., remained in charge of the Principal's office in
addition to his own duties.
19. Mr. Davis, in addition to his duties as Principal and
Professor of Medicine, also acted as Secretary of the Governing
Body for the college, as a member of the Board of Examiners for
the session and as an external examiner at the annual examina-
tions of the Bengal Veterinary college at Belgachia. As con-
trolling officer of the Government Cattle Farm, Patna, he
supervised the work of the Manager and the staff.
5
20. There was no change among the superior teaching staff
except that Professor Malkani was granted one month's leave
in continuation of the summer vacation, but as regards the
subordinate staff, due to financial reasons, the three assistants to the
professors of Anatomy, Surgery and Hygiene had to revert to the
department and their posts in the college cadre remained vacant
from 1st March 1932. The details of the staff are shown in
Table VII of the college.
21. Students.—21 new students were admitted to the
1st year class. This together with the 32 old students who
returned after the vacation made the total number on the roll
53 on 1st July, against 52 students of the previous session.
The number included one student who had left in the preceding
session but was subsequently allowed to join. Of the total
number, 39 students belonged to the province of Bihar|and
Orissa, 6 were stipendiaries of the United Provinces Government,
6 of the Hyderabad-Deccan State, 1 of Keonjhar State and
1 private student from the Central Provinces.
22. According to their religion, 31 students were Hindus, 18
Muhammadans and 4 Indian Christians, while amongst them,
6 were under-graduates, 45 matriculates and 2 non-matriculates
(old students from the Bengal Veterinary College). As one of
the students did not return after the X-mas holidays the total
number at the end of the session was 52.
23. Examinations.—The diploma and annual examinations
of the college for the session 1931-32 were conducted by the
Board of Examiners. All the 52 students appeared at the
examinations, the results being as follows :—
Class.
"A" ... ...
"B" ... ...
"C" ... ...
Appeared.
22
19
11
Passed.
14
15
8
Percentage
of
passes.
63.6
78.9
72.7
As in the previous year, the Board of Examiners recorded
their opinion that the results were satisfactory.
24. Slipends.—Out of 52 students on the roll at the end of
the session, 39 held stipends as follows :—
Bihar and Orissa Government (4), United Provinces
Government (6), Hyderabad State (6), Bihar and Orissa District
Boards (21), Keonjhar State (1) and Bettiah Raj (1).
Of the 13 private students, 12 belonged to Bihar and Orissa
and 1 to the Central Provinces.
25. Hostel.—All the students except three who were speci-
ally exempted, resided in the college hostel. The accommodation
6
was just enough for the present number and the question of
increasing it in view of more students coming from other
provinces and States is receiving attention.
26. The general health of the students in the hostel was satis-
factory during the year.
Professor G. N. Roy Chowdhury
relinquished the charge of wardenship to Mr. S. I. H. Akbari,
Lecturer in Materia Medica, from the 5th July 1931. The latter
officer was appointed warden for the new session for 1931-32.
27. Library and Museum, Athletic and Debating society.—
Considerable additions were made to the number of books in the
library by fresh purchases, and the sports club was reconstituted
during the year. Students took an active interest, in both in and
out-door games. A debating society was also started, and it held
several meetings during the session.
28. Hygiene laboratory.—Dr. A. C. Chaudhury, Professor
of Hygiene and Dietetics was in charge of this laboratory and
tested 1,150 samples of milk. Students were also given practical
instructions in milk inspection at the laboratory and shown the
processes of milking and recording, handling and pasteurising
of milk at the Patna Dairy Farm. The slaughter houses and
the meat market at Dinapur were visited by the Professor along
with the senior students for the purpose of giving demonstrations
on meat inspection.
29. Veterinary Hospital.—The work in the college hospital
was supervised by Mr. G. N. Roy Chaudhury, Professor of
Surgery and Obstetrics, who was in charge of the hospital ward.
2,290 patients (207 in and 2,083 out-patients) were treated and
499 operations were performed, while specimens numbering 152
were sent to the laboratory for bacteriological and pathological
examinations. Besides this, anti-rabic treatment of a number of
dogs was done, and experimental treatment of nasal granuloma
by antimonium, coccidiosis by kaolin and distemper in dogs by
iodin was undertaken.
30. Training of compounders-—Only one candidate, a sowar
of the Mounted Military Police, received training for six
months as compounder and dresser. The work under this head
is likely to expand as applications for such training are occa-
sionally received from the district boards.
31. Shoeing Forge.—The work at the shoeing forge
improved as 178 horses were shod during the year. Hot shoeing
was also carried out at the forge when so desired.
32. Riding school, ponies and ambulance.—The riding school
was completed by the Public Works Department during the
7
year and taken over by the college. All the students received
training in equitation. Two new animals were added to the
strength of the riding ponies.
33. Research laboratory.—In pursuance of the programme
already outlined, research work was started at the laboratory and
observations and experiments were either conducted or under-
taken on some of the selected diseases, viz., nasal granuloma,
kumri, anthrax, coccidiosis, bursattee, etc.
Two kumri ponies were presented to the laboratory for
experimental purposes by their owners, Mr. Everet and Raja
P. C. Lal of Purnea, for which thanks are due to them.
34. Special attention was paid to finding out the cause of
nasal granuloma; and from experiments which were conducted,
the conclusion arrived at was that the cause of the disease was a
schistome, the intermediate host being a species of fresh water
snail. It however did not turn out to be an original discovery
but merely confirmed what had already been discovered at the
Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar.
35. 3,635 specimens including blood smears, pus, faeces
urine, skin scrapings, etc., were received from the district staff
and examined. The details are shown in the departmental report.
36. The work of the serum depot was carried out by the
laboratory staff and 308 requisitions for sera and vaccines
received from the districts were complied with.
37. General remarks.—The Governing Body met four
times during the year.
The two schemes for conservancy work and street-lighting
were sanctioned by Government. The latter scheme provided
for electric lights on the roads in the area of the college and the
farm.
The function of the diploma and prize distribution was held
on the 9th April 1932. It was presided over by the Hon'ble
Sir Saiyid Muhammad Fakhr-ud-din, Kt., Kban Bahadur, the
Minister of Education, Bihar and Orissa, who was pleased with
the results so far achieved by the college.
38. The total expenditure of the college during the year
amounted to Rs. 88,015-14-3, while a sum of Rs. 14,104-4-9 was
derived as receipts under various heads. The details are shown
in Statement "C".
PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATIONS.
39. Bihar and Orissa Veterinary Examination Board.—
The Bihar and Orissa Veterinary Examination Board conducted
these examinations twice, once in April and again in October. I
8
acted as President and senior examiner and Babu Nilmoni Chattarji
as second examiner on the first examination board. The second
board was constituted by three members, viz., myself as Presi-
dent and senior examiner, and Mr. Malik and Babu Nilmoni
Chattarji as examiners. In addition to his duties as an examiner,
the latter officer also acted as Secretary to both the boards.
32 veterinary assistant surgeons including those who failed
before, appeared, and 24 passed. The effect of these examina-
tions in keeping the professional knowledge of the subordinate
staff up to date has so far been salutary.
40. Post-graduate training.—Arrangements
were made
during the year for opening a post-graduate training class at
the Bihar and Orissa Veterinary College from 1st July 1932.
This is a distinct advance towards improving the professional
knowledge of those subordinate officers who are eligible for
promotion to higher posts. Formerly these officers were sent
either to the Madras or to the Lahore veterinary college at
considerable inconvenience to the officers themselves and expense
to Government. Deputation of subordinate officers to such
distant places will no longer be necessary. The post-graduate
hostel attached to the Bihar and Orissa Veterinary College has
accommodation for 10 students and is provided with modern
comforts. The class will be open to students from other provinces
also. It is proposed to send four subordinate officers of the
department to this class for training during the first session.
41. Training at Muktesar.—Special Officer Mr. S. K. Sen
was deputed to the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research,
Muktesar, for a short course of advanced training. While there,
he went through a systematic course of study in bacteriology,
pathology, biochemistry, helminthology, serology and other
subjects. He worked in the laboratories of the different sections
and did practical work which was associated with field-work.
He returned to Patna on the 30th June after finishing the
course for 2½ months.
42. It is also proposed to depute the Disease Investigation
Officer, when appointed, to the above institute to undergo
a special course of training as part of an approved programme.
43. Lectures on diseases.—Lectures on the common conta-
gious diseases and general management of domestic animals were
delivered to the cadets at the annual examinations of the Hazari-
bagh police training school by Assistant Director Babu Nilmoni
Chattarji. Similar lectures were also delivered by the Veterinary
Inspector, Bhagalpur circle, in connection with the annual
examinations of the co-operative training institute at Sabour.
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CHAPTER III.
TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
44. During the year, a strict watch was kept over the
progress of contagious diseases and the statistics which were
subjected to greater scrutiny show that since the severe epidemics
of i928-29 and 1929-30 at which very extensive preventive
measures were undertaken, the virulence of the diseases has
been steadily on the decline. The four principal diseases,
rinderpest, hæmorrhagic septicæmia, black quarter and anthrax
were prevalent, but their attacks were generally less severe, and
as regards black quarter and anthrax, the diseases were almost
sporadic with certain exceptions. The latter disease was not
reported in North Bihar Range except in Darbhanga, while
Purnea, and Supaul and Madhipura subdivisions of Bhagalpur
district are said to have been free from black quarter. This disease
was also not reported in five districts out of the eight of each
of the Central and Orissa Ranges. Like black quarter, anthrax
was also not reported in two districts of the Central and six of
the Orissa Range. It was however towards the suppression of
rinderpest and hæmorrhagic septicæmia that most of the energy
was directed. These two diseases, though the outbreaks were
not very widespread, affected all the districts. Rinderpest was
particularly severe in Cuttack where it carried off more than two
thousand animals. It was least perceptible in Muzaffarpur and
Angul. Foot and mouth disease was less prevalent in the two
ranges, North Bihar and Central, but was not so in the Orissa
Range where a large number of animals were affected though
the death-rate was low. No death from this disease was reported
in the North Bihar Range.
45. The map attached to the report shows the general dis-
tribution of the principal contagious diseases in the province.
46. Altogether 4,728 outbreaks were reported during the
year against 6,318 in 1930-31. In these outbreaks, out of a total
number of 80,067 animals affected, 21,684 died, as compared
with 113,382 attacks and 33,719 deaths during the previous year,
which shows a decrease of 33,315 and 12,035 respectively in the
total number of attacks and deaths. Excluding 34,531 cases of
foot and mouth diseases, the number of animals which suffered
from the more deadly forms of diseases, came to be about 45,500—
a wholesome decrease of over 25,000. Judging from these
statistics, the year under report should be considered a healthier
one than any of the three previous years. Of the total number of
4,728 outbreaks, 4,347 were attended by the staff, the percentage
of attendances being about 92.
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47. The figures for the outbreaks of contagious diseases,
deaths, etc., according to the area and cattle population of each
range are shown below:—
Name of Range.
North Bihar ... ...
Central ... ...
Orissa ... ...
Total ...
Area
in square
miles.
20,457
33,844
28,864
83,165
Livestook.
10,094,441
10,120,105
9,089,537
29,304,083*
Number of
out breaks
reported.
635
2,667
1,526
4,728
Number of
outbreaks
attended.
534
2,453
1,360
4,347
Number of
animals
affected.
4,907(a)
39,004(6)
36,156 c)
80,067
Number of
deaths
recorded.
2,388
12,981
6,315
(d)21,684
*The figures are according to the census of 1930.
(a) Includes 1,398 cases of foot and mouth disease.
(b) Do.
11,043
ditto.
(c) Do.
22,090
ditto.
(d) Excludes 16 deaths under "Equines" and 649 deaths under "Others'
(smaller animals).
48. During the year the question of steady increase in the
death rates from contagious diseases, especially rinderpest and
hæmorrhagic septicæmia since 1926-27 was thoroughly examined
and a full report explaining the actual position was submitted
to Government. It was shown that the increase in the death-
rates has no direct bearing on the number of outbreaks but
depends on the severity of the disease and local conditions, and
as regards rinderpest, its virulence was not confined to Bihar
and Orissa alone. It was due to a recrudescence of the malady
which prevailed in all the surrounding provinces during the
three years ending 1929-30. What was stated has come to be
true. According to its characteristic, the virulence of rinderpest
has considerably declined during the last two years.
49. Reporting
of diseases.—According
to the practice
followed, outbreaks of contagious diseases of cattle are reported
chiefly by the chaukidars to the Thana officers, and by the
latter to the veterinary assistant surgeons on Police Manual
form no. 11. The chaukidars are recommended either for
reward or for punishment according as they report promptly
and regularly, or fail to do so. This system has so far worked
fairly well but a question having arisen as to why the chaukidars
are not more frequently rewarded, statistics showing the dates
of occurrence of the outbreaks and those on which they were
reported, were collected for one year. These now indicate that
the chaukidars, on the whole, are not discharging their duties
in this respect as satisfactorily as before. The assistance of the
Police Department in the matter of reporting cattle-disease is,
and has always been, considered invaluable.
The village
chaukidar is a direct source of information of cattle mortalities
in the interior and the real cause of his failure is well worth
investigation. If, on enquiry, it is found to be due to want of
sufficient encouragement he should be rewarded for better work
11
more liberally from the Chaukidari Reward Fund. The matter
is being placed in the hands of the Inspector-General of Police.
50. During the year, 123 chaukidars were either punished
or recommended for punishment, for failing to report outbreaks,
while 9 were rewarded or recommended for reward for giving
help to the staff.
51. The old Police Manual form no. 11 being found defec-
tive, the Inspector-General of Police has kindly undertaken its
revision in order to make it agree to its counterpart, the human
epidemic report form. With the modifications suggested, the
new form, it is hoped, will give better results.
EQUINE.
52. Glanders and Farcy.—Glanders or Farcy has not been
reported in the province now for many years.
53. Dourine.—This disease is also non-existent in the
province.
54. Anthrax.—Equine anthrax broke out in a rather severe
form in the Darbhanga Raj stables where three ponies died out
of five attacked. The disease originally appeared among the
deer belonging to the Raj and from them the infection spread to
the horses, probably through grass and water supplied from the
infected area. Special preventive measures including segrega-
tion and inoculation were carried out under the personal super-
vision of the Special Officer after which the outbreak subsided.
Instructions to stop the grass-cuts supplying grass from the
infected area and to fence the area off were issued to the Raj
authorities.
55. Surra.—One case of equine surra resulting in death
was reported from Nawada in Gaya district. Another case of
the same disease was detected in the district of Ranchi but the
animal died before any treatment could be adopted.
56. Tetanus.—Five deaths from tetanus were reported, of
which 2 occurred in Bhagalpur and one each in Darbhanga,
Gaya and Monghyr.
57. Strangles.—Fifteen cases of strangles were detected in
the North Bihar Range and all of them were cured. One of
these cases was treated at the Muzaffarpur experimental station.
The distribution of these cases is shown in Table II.
58. Rabies.—One death from equine rabies was recorded in
Darbhanga district; another case was reported in Ranchi.
BOVINE.
59. Rinderpest—As in the preceding year, rinderpest was
reported in all districts but it was more prominent in Gaya,