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areas will utilize this lymph for their requirements. Besides the municipalities,
the chief purchasers of the lymph were the East Indian Railway at Allahabad
and Native States (specially those in Bundelkhand). What is especially interest-
ing in this connection is the increasing demand for lymph in small quantities by
private individuals and practitioners. Rupees 166 worth lymph was thus sold in
1907-08 against Rs. 116 in 1906-07 and Rs. 48 in 1905-06.
The price at which lymph is sold in quantities over 24 tubes, viz., Rs. 3 per
100 tubes of cow calf lymph and Rs. 2-8-0 per 100 tubes of buffalo calf lymph, is
just sufficient to cover the cost of production. In Great Britain six pence per
tube is usually charged against one anna per tube charged here for quantities of
24 tubes and under, so that we produce and sell much cheaper than at home and
the results are equally, if not more, satisfactory.
During 1907-08,184 calves—125 cow and 59 buffalo—were operated upon at
the Patwa Dangar depôt as compared with 133 in 1906-07 and 96 in 1905-06.
The number of those successfully vaccinated was 161 in 1907-08—116 cow calves
and 45 buffalo calves—against 123 and 88 respectively in 1906-07 and 1905-06.
Nine cow and 14 buffalo calves proved unsuccessful in 1907-08. This was due to
heat and to the fact that some of the calves were too old to take successfully in
warm weather. The average amount of crude lymph we obtain is about 17
grammes per cow calf and about 24 grammes per buffalo calf. This year owing to
the excessive heat we obtained on an average 4 grammes less. In Germany they
obtain about the same amount as we get, and they slaughter the calves usually a
few minutes before the collection of the pulp. From the crude lymph 9,974-4
grammes of glycerinated lymph, 1,506.2 grammes of glycerine paste and 175 1 gram-
mes of lanoline paste were prepared in the past year. Lanoline paste was prepared
to meet the special demand of the Chief Medical Officer, East India Railway, Allah-
abad. Buffalo glycerine paste was prepared to meet the demand of the Agency
Surgeon, Nowgong. Lanoline paste, if good anhydrous lanoline is procured, no
doubt withstands high temperature better than any other preparation, but more
skill is required on the part of the operator if the best results are to be obtained.
Returns of results have been received for 123,799 primary and 36,154 secondary
operations and show a percentage of success of 91.7 and 69.7 respectively in the
vaccination season, and 62.3 and 61.1 respectively during the period from April
to August. The percentages of success in 1906-07 and 1905-06 were 88.2 and 88.1
in the case of primary operations and 46.9 and 52.6 in the case of revaccination.
The results obtained during the year 1907-08 were satisfactory. It may be noted
that the returns received show different degrees of success obtained with the same
lymph by different operators. This appears to be due to the difference in climatic
conditions of various localities, difference in the distance the lymph has to travel
from the depôt, and difference in the skill of the operators.
As in previous years, passage of the lymph through the buffalo was found
useful in keeping up the strength of the virus. The passage of humanised virus
through every fifteenth calf was practised to fortify the lymph. Attempts were*
made to pass the virus through the goat but were only partially successful. Calves-
were also inoculated from the lymph of rabbits and proved in most cases successful.
Buffalo lymph can stand a fairly high temperature. As the weather, owing to
drought, was comparatively hotter in September 1907 than usual, it was considered
advisable to supply this lymph to start seasonal vaccination in the Provinces. The
first supply was issued on 14th September 1907 and was renewed bi-weekly; the
vesicle was well established in almost all districts on due date.
The depôt was inspected at frequent intervals by the Sanitary Commissioner
and the Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, Second Circle, who is in charge of the
institution.
While on leave I visited the Cologne Vaccine Depôt and the Lister Insti-
tute of Preventive Medicine, the latter an Institution supervised by Government,
and I do not think that either can teach us anything or improve our technique. At
the Lister Institute they vacuumise long thin metal tubing which, when filled, is
cut off in lengths by a machine—each small section of the tube being sufficient for a
vaccination. I do not however recommend this tubing for India as it conducts
heat much more readily than glass. Unless an urgent demand is suddenly made
we find no necessity for sterilization of the lymph by the chloroform process and at