NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
December, 1951] P. BALARAMA MENON, C. M. SEN GUPTA AND B. C. BASU 221
5. Neocid-Geigy. A DDT product manufactured by Messrs Geigy Insecticides
Ltd., Bombay, is said to destroy bugs, lice, cockroaches, silver fishes, ants, etc.,
in dwellings and on human beings. It is claimed that Neocid containing 10 per cent
DDT has residual and long lasting insecticidal properties and harmless to human
beings and warm blooded animals.
In our series of experiments the following results were obtained. Neocid dusted
into the hairs of goats freed the animals of lice within 24 hours. Both biting and
sucking lice (Bovicola caprae Gurlt and Linognathus Endl. spp.) are killed. The
animals continued to be free of lice for more than a week. It is also effective against
Haematopinus tuberculatus Giebel, the buffalo lice. Though the animals were freed
of lice within 24 hours, reinfestation took place within five days presumably because
the animals washed the dust off by wallowing. The powder should be well rubbed
in between the hairs. By dusting the affected parts cattle were freed of Hyalomma
aegyptium Linn. within 24 hours but not much of residual effect was observed as
reinfestation took place within a week.
6. No. 1050-Geigy. (Suspension powder for use against cattle ticks.)
Geigy No. 1050 is claimed by the manufacturers to be a 50 per cent DDT suspension
powder to be made up into a spray with the help of water. The ratio recommended
is 20 pounds of the powder to 100 gallons of water and the rate of application, one
quart per animal. For use in dip baths, 30 pounds of Geigy No. 1050 to 100 gallons
of water are indictaed. Such dips are claimed to have a residual effect for a con-
siderable length of time.
Five per cent spray of No. 1050 was found satisfactory in our experiments for
the control of cattle ticks. The spray was applied by a Mish sprayer on the affected
parts of the animal. The ticks treated belonged to the species Hyalomma aegyptium
Linn. and Boophilus australis Fuller. Reinfestation did not take place for 15 days.
7. Pip. Pip, manufactured by the Bombay Chemicals Ltd., Bombay, is
claimed to be a pyrethrum spray insecticide containing pyrethrum along with
suitable activators and stabilising agents in an odourless mineral base oil. It is
guaranteed to give a quick and cent per cent kill of all harmful insects like flies,
mosquitoes, roaches, etc., and is said to be perfectly safe to human and all warm
blooded animals. It is said to kill poultry lice and flies in the dairy.
Tests on this insecticide in our laboratory indicated that pip had all the pro-
perties of a good pyrethrum insecticide. On house flies (Musca Linn. spp. mostly
Musca nebulo Wied.) and mosquitoes (Culex fatigans Wied.) it had a quick knock
down effect and percentage of kill obtained was very high. On poultry lice (Menopon
Linn. sp. and Goniocotes Nitzsch sp.) too, Pip was quite effective but much depends
on the method adopted in applying the insecticide. Fine atomisation is required
when used as a spray so as to ensure that the particles of the spray get inside between
the feathers. The results of tests on these insects are presented in Tables VIII,
IX and X.
222
TESTS OF SOME PROPRIETORY INSECTICIDES
[Vol. XXI, Part IV
TABLE VIII
Result of spraying pip on wild caught adults of Musca spp.
Date
16-4-48
Number of
flies
used
50
Time after
spray
5 minutes
10
„
15 „
20
„
1 hour
Dead
20
42
43
45
50
Moribund
28
8
7
5
..
Alive
2
..
..
..
..
Remarks
Immediate
knock down
after applica-
tion of spray
All dead
TABLE IX
Result of spraying pip on Culex fatigans, hatched out in the laboratory, 24 hours old
Date
15-4-48
Number of
mosquitoes
used
50
Time after
spray
5 minutes
10 „
15 „
20 „
30
„
1 hour
l½ hours
2 do.
Dead
22
28
30
32
32
35
40
50
Moribund
27
22
20
18
18
15
10
..
Alive
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Remarks
Sprayed.
All
knocked down
immediately
All dead
December, 1951] BALARAMA MENON, C. M. SEN GUPTA AND B. C. BASU 223
TABLE X
Result of spraying pip on poultry lice
Date
3-5-48
Fowl
number
7
8
4
6
Lice present
Menopon and
Goniocotes
Goniocotes
do.
Menopon
Result of spraying after 24 hours
None living
do.
do.
All dead excepting a small one
8. Pyrentol D 20. This is manufactured by the Standard Chemical and Pharma-
ceutical Co., Bombay, and is said to kill a large number of household pests.
Tested on house flies (Musca Linn. spp. mostly Musca nebulo Wied.) it was found
to possess good insecticidal properties. It had quick knock down effect and the
percentage of kill obtained was high. A dilution of 5 per cent in kerosene gave 40
per cent dead and 50 per cent moribund in 2 hours, where as in 4 hours 90 per cent
kill was obtained. On mosquitoes (Culex fatigans Wied.), however, 60 per cent
kill and 20 per cent moribund was obtained after one and half hours, and a kill
of 85 per cent was obtained after 3 hours. The results of these tests are given in
Tables XI and XII.
TABLE XI
Result of spraying Pyrentol D 20 (5 per cent) on wild caught adults of Musca spp.
Date
4-9-47
Number of
flies
used
60
Time after
spray
10 minutes
45
„
1 hour
2 hours
3
„
4
„
Dead
Moribund
Alive
Paralysed and lying on their backs
12
24
36
54
do.
42
30
18
..
6
6
6
6
Remarks
All
knocked
down
after
spray
6 recovering
do.
do.
6 recovered
B
224 TESTS OF SOME PROPRIETORY INSECTICIDES [Vol. XXI, Part IV,
TABLE XII
Result of spraying Pyrentol D 20 (5 per cent) on Culex fatigans, hatched out in the
laboratory, 48 hours old
Date
4-9-47
Number of
mosquitoes
used
60
Time after
spray
5 minutes
20 „
1 hour
1½ „
2½ „
3 „
Dead
6
18
30
36
45
51
Moribund
30
24
15
12
9
3
Alive
24
18
15
12
6
6
Remarks
Sprayed 36 on
floor
9. Pyro-colloid. This insecticide is marketed by the Bombay Chemicals Ltd.,
Bombay. The manufacturers claim that it is a colloidal form of pyrethrum which
is to be diluted with water before use in different proportions. It is said to be
nontoxic and can be safely used on milch cattle or cattle which have the habit of
licking their body.
This insecticide was tested in our laboratory as well as in the field in different
dilutions on flies, mosquitoes and ticks. On flies (Musca Linn spp. mostly Musca
nebulo Wied.) it had good knock down effect and gave a high percentage of kill in
dilutions of up to 1 in 600. At a dilution of 1 in 1200 it was fairly effective but was
not effective at a dilution of 1 in 2400. On mosquitoes (Culex fatigans Wied.) a 1
in 800 dilution of pyro-colloid gave fairly good result. The results of these tests
are available in Tables XIII and XIV. Pyro-colloid at a dilution of 1 in 100 and
1 in 300 when tested on Hyalomma aegyptium Linn. in the field, gave a kill of less
than 50 per cent.
10. Pyro-dust 1500. This is claimed by the manufacturers Bombay Chemicals
Ltd., Bombay to be a plant product harmless to warm blooded animals, giving
immediate knock down of insects. Prepared from Indian grown pyrethrum it is
said to be chemically stable and to act as both contact and stomach poison.
This dust was tested on cattle tick Hyalomma aegyptium Linn., both in our
laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, tests with 41 ticks, 17 were found
paralysed and 24 killed after five and half hours. The result is given in Table XV.
In field tests, however, a kill of about 50 per cent was obtained within 24 hours.
December, 1951] P. BALARAMA MENON, C. M. SEN GUPTA AND B. C. BASU 225
TABLE XIII
Result of spraying Pyro-colloid in different strengths on wild caught adults of Musca spp.
Date
6-5-49
Number of
files used
in each
test
50
Time after spray
Immediately after
spray
10 minutes
20 „
50 „
1½ hours
2 „
1 in 600
Knock
down
16
48
28
10
10
Mori
bund
..
..
20
23
3
5
Dead
..
..
..
13
33
36
Alive
4
2
2
4*
4
4
1
in
1200
Knock
down
40
44
30
20
11
5
Mori
bund
..
..
15
9
4
2
Dead
..
..
..
12
24
30
Alive
10
6
5
9*
11*
13*
1 in 2400
Knock
down
6
15
32
4
Mori
bund
..
..
3
..
Dead
..
..
..
..
Alive
44
35
15
46*
Mostly recovered
* Recovered
C
226
TESTS
OF
SOME
PROPRIETORY
INSECTICIDES
[Vol. XXI, Part IV
TABLE XIV
Result of spraying Pyro-colloid (1 in 800) on Culex fatigans, hatched out in the laboratory
48 hours old
Date
26-6-50
Number of
mosquitoes
used
60
Time after
spray
5 minutes
15
„
45
„
1 hour
1½ hours
2 „
3
„
Dead
..
6
12
24
27
39
42
Moribund
33
30
30
27
4
12
9
Alive
27
24
18
9
9
9
9
Remarks
Sprayed. Good
knock down
TABLE XV
Result of dusting Pyro-dust 1500 on cattle tick (Hyalomma aegyptium)
Date
26-6-50
Number of
ticks
used
41
Time after
spray
30 minutes
1 hour
1½ hours
2 „
2½ „
3½ „
4½ „
5½ „
Dead
..
3
4
9
14
20
24
26
Paralysed
41
38
37
32
27
21
17
15
Alive
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Remarks
Dusted
thoroughly
December, 1951] P. BALARAMA MENON, C. M. SEN GUPTA AND B. C. BASU 227
SUMMARY
Ten proprietory insecticides, viz., Anofilum, Brizk, Gamatox paste dip, Kildem,
Neocid, No. 1050-Geigy, Pip, Pyrentol D 20, Pyro-colloid and Pyro-dust were tested
in varying dilutions on different species of arthropods. Brizk, Kildem (10 per cent),
Pip, Pyrentol D 20 (5 per cent) and pyro-colloid (1 in 600) were found quite effective
against houseflies (Musca Linn. Spp. mostly Musca newbulo Wied.) and mosquitoes
(Culex fatigans Wied.). Anofilum, though effective against the same species, had
a delayed action. Brizk and Pip rid poultry of poultry lice (Menopon Linn sp. and
Goniocotes Nitzsch). Pyro-colloid and Pyro-dust 1500 when tested against cattle tick
(Hyalomma aegyptium Linn.) in the field gave about 50 per cent kill within 24
hours. Gamatox paste dip in different dilutions was found effective against the
common brown dog tick (Rhiphicephalus sanguineus Latr.), goat lice (Bovicola
caprae (Gurlt), buffalo lice (Haematopinus tuberculatus Giebel) and poultry lice
(Menopon Linn sp. and Goniocotes Nitzsch) in field trials. It possesses both
residual as well as high killing properties.
Neocid dusted into the hairs of animals controlled goat lice (Bovicola caprae
Gurlt and Linognathus Endl.), buffalo lice (Haematopinus tuberculatus Giebel) and
cattle tick (Hyalomma aegyptium Linn.) within 24 hours. The residual effect varied
from 5 to 8 days.
No. 1050—Geigy, when sprayed in a 5 per cent suspension in water, success
fully controlled cattle ticks (Hyalomma aegyptium Linn. and Boophilus australis
Fuller). Reinfestation did not take place within 15 days.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors' thanks are due to Dr. S. Datta, Director, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute and Dr. H. N. Ray, Officer-in-charge, Section of Parasitology,
for all possible facilities for conducting these experiments.
REFERENCES
Bishopp, F. C. (1946). The insecticide situation. J. Econ. Ent. 39, 4, 449-459
Buxton, P. A. (1945). The use of the new insecticide DDT in relation to the problems of tropical
medicine. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 38, 5, 367-400
Chopra, R. N. and Basu, B. C. (1939). Failure of 'M3' in prophylaxis of Indian strains of
Malaria. J. Mal. Inst. Ind. 2. 3, 253-255
Frear, Donald E. H. (1943). Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides. Chapman Hall, London
Pruthi, H. S. and Nasir M. (1945). Tests with DDT and 666 as Agricultural Insecticides in
India. Indian Fmg. 6, 11, 506-510
Puri, I. M. (1947). The practical application of DDT for malaria control in rural and urban
areas in India. Indian J. Mal. 1, 1, 211-220
Smith Bernard and Petty, B. K. (1946.) What we know about DDT. Fmg. S. Afr. 21, 245,
533-538
VALUE OF A MIXTURE OF DERRIS ROOT POWDER
AND DDT IN THE CONTROL OF POULTRY LICE
By P. BALARAMA MENON, C. M. SEN GUPTA AND B. C. BASU, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
(Received for publication on 16 October, 1950)
T HE Animal Diseases and Pests Committee of the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research in 1947 recommended that experiments on the use of a mixture of
derris and DDT to control the external parasites of poultry should be conducted
at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute. Accordingly, a series of experiments
were conducted to test the efficacy of a mixture of derris and DDT along with a
few other insecticides on poultry lice. This paper reports the results of these ex-
periments.
Poultry and poultry products are of immense value in the economy of the country
specially when there is shortage of food materials. In the undivided India there
were 1732 lakhs of fowls of which 522 lakhs were laying hens producing annually
33648 lakhs of eggs. It has been estimated that the total value of birds and eggs
sold amount to Rs. 750 and 525 lakhs respectively.
Lice in poultry are a serious problem to the poultry breeder. They are often
present in sufficient numbers to cause great discomfort and even death. The irri-
tation caused by them makes the bird exceedingly restless with consequent lower-
ing of its condition and egg production.
Uptil 1939 the standard treatment for controlling these insects was the use of
sodium fluoride by dipping, dusting or the pinch method. With the advent of
the new insecticides, much advancement has been made in the control of these
pests, though the use of a few other chemicals as well as vegetable products has
also been suggested. In brief, the record of previous work of importance in this
connection may be summarized in the following paragraph.
Bishopp and Wood [1917] appear to have first successfully controlled chicken
lice with sodium fluoride. Earlier, Pearl et al. [1915] and Lamson [1917] used
mercurial ointment but it was never popular and is not used nowadays. Abbott
[1919] wrote on the use of naphthalene and allied products and found that mer-
curial ointment, sodium fluoride, sulphur and pyrethrum were the most effective
in controlling lice on poultry. Naphthalene is low in its toxicity to the pest and
dangerous when applied to the chickens in excess of ten per cent. McIndoo et al.
[1919] and Wells et al. [1922] found derris to be the safest and effective lousicide.
Parman et al. [1928] administered many compounds orally but to no effect. Tel-
ford [1944] found that a mixture of sodium fluoride (33 per cent) and DDT (4 per
cent) was a very good lousicide. Telford again in 1945 tested 37 louse powders
to determine the effect of treatment on lice and the residual effect of each drug up
to a certain period of time. For the convenience of subsequent workers the results
229
D
230 VALUE OF A MIXTURE OF DERRIS ROOT POWDER AND DDT [Vol. XXI, Part IV
7(a) TABLE I
Trial
num-
ber
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Formula
DDT 4 per cent in pyrax
DDT 2 per cent in pyrax
DDT 1 per cent in pyrax
DDT 0.5 per cent in pyrax
DDT 0.25 per cent in pyrax
DDT 0.125 per cent in pyrax
Sodium fluoride 33 per cent in pyrax
Sodium fluoride 15 per cent in pyrax
Lethane B-71 10 per cent in pyrax
Lethane B-71 5 per cent. mic. wet
sulphur 30 per cent in pyrax.
Phenothioxine 10 per cent in pyrax
Phenothioxine 10 per cent in bentonite
Phenothioxine 5 per cent mic. wet
sulphur 30 per cent in pyrax.
Phenothioxine 10 per cent in pyrax
(fusion mixture)
Phenothioxiue 10 per cent in bentonite
(fusion mixture).
Genicide (xanthone) 30 per cent in
pyrax
NH dust 10 per cent in pyrax
NH dust 5 per cent mic. wet sulphur
30 per cent in pyrax.
Thanite 5 per cont in pyrax
Thanite 5 per cent, mic. wet sulphur
30 per cent in pyrax
Grams
per
bird
6.2
7.2
8.0
11.8
6.5
6.9
7.8
8.4
8.2
5.1
6.3
5.5
6.5
6.5
5.5
6.8
9.4
7.0
9.7
5.1
Number
of
birds
7
2
1
4
4
4
6
4
4
4
12
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Observation
period
30 days
30 days
30 days
30 days
52 hrs.
52 hrs.
30 days
4 days
7 days
15 days
11 days
11 days
15 days
11 days
11 days
9 days
5 days
15 days
9 days
15 days
Species of louse
Body
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Shaft
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Fluff
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Residual
effect
yes
yes
yes
yes
—
—
yes
yes
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
no
no
no
yes
no
yes
Effect of treatment on lice
Complete kill within 28 hours
Complete kill within 28 hours
Complete kill within 28 hours
Complete kill within 28 hours
Very poor kill
Very poor kill
Complete kill within 52 hours
Two shaft lice remaining at 4 days
Three shaft lice remaining at 4 hours
Complete kill within 26 hours
Five shaft, 1 body louse remaining at
48 hrs.
Complete kill within 24 hours
Complete kill within 24 hours
Complete kill within 24 hours
Complete kill within 24 hours
6 body, 5 fluff lice remaining at 28 hours
Complete kill within 28 hours
3 shaft lice remaining at 26 hours com-
plete eventual kill
Complete kill within 4 hours
Complete kill within 26 hours
December, 1051] P. BALARAMA MENON, C. M. SEN GUPTA AND B. C. BASU 231
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Diphenyl 5 percent, mic.sulphur 30 per
cent, beutonite 7.5 per cent in pyrax
Diphenyl 2 per cent, AR 50.5 per cent
in pyrax
o-Nitrodiphcnyl 10 per cent in pyrax
Kryotldo (cryolite) 30 per cent in
pyrax
Mic. wettable sulphur
Orthophcuylphonate 10 per cent in
pyrax
Nicotine 0.5 per cent (Black leaf 155)
in pyrax
Tetrumethyl
thiouram-disulfide 10
per cent in pyrax
2 per cent conc. of tetramethylthiouram-
monosulphate 90 per cent and tetra-
methyl thiouram-di-sulphide 10 per
cent in pyrax
2.4 dinitor-o-cyclohexyl
phenol 5
per cent in pyrax
Sabadilla 10 per cent, hydrated lime
10 per cent in pyrax
Derris (5 per cent rotenone) 10 per cent
in pyrax
2, 4 dinitroanisolc 2 per cent in pyrax
2, 4 dinitroauisole 2 per cent, IN-930
2 per cent in pyrax
Pyrethrum formula I†
Pyrethrum formula II
Pyrethrum formula III
7.6
11.2
11.1
7.0
10.4
10.9
6.3
10.1
7.7
9.5
7.0
6.1
9.0
7.3
8.5
9.2
8.2
4
4
4
4
4
1
6
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
15 days
5 days
30 days
30 days
30 days
4 days
30 days
6 days
6 days
6 days
3 days
8 days
12 days
12 days
14 days
8 days
7 days
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
yes
no
no
yes
yes
—
no
yes
yes
no
no
yes
—
—
yes
—
no
9 body, 8 shaft 5 flufflice, remaining at
26 hours complete eventual kill
Poor kill
Complete kill within 5 hours
2 body lice remaining at 5 days
Complete kill within 5 days
No control
Complete kill of body lice within 4 hours.
Poor kill of shaft lice
One shaft louse remaining at 3 days
Complete control within 28 hours
3 shaft lice remaining at 4 hours. Stains
hands and feathers
Very poor control
Complete kill within 24 hours
No control
No control
Complete kill within 4 hours
Five body lice remaining at 8 days
14 body, 3 shaft lice remaining at 7
days
* AR 50 is a polymethylated naphthalene.
† A proprietary louse powder containing: pyrethrins.0066 per cent, sulphur 30 per cent, naphthalene 5 per cent, petroleum hydrocarbons 0.45 per cent, inert
64.48 per cent. Formula I and III are ½ and ¾ dilutions respectively of the above with pyrax.
232 VALUE OF A MIXTURE OF DERRIS ROOT POWDER AND DDT
[Vol. XXI, Part IV
of his elaborate work are summarized in Table I as the literature is not easily avail-
able to workers in the field.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The 58 birds used for this experiment were white leghorns each about 24 months
old. The species of lice present on them belonged to the genera Menopon and
Gonicotes. Birds showing less than 50 parasites each were discarded. They were
divided into nine batches, 4 batches of eight birds each, three of six birds and two
of four birds each. Amongst the first four batches of eight birds each, one batch
was used for testing derris root powder, another for a mixture of derris and DDT
and the remaining two batches for DDT in different strengths. Of the three batches
of the second series, two were used for testing sodium fluoride in different strengths
and one batch was kept as control. Of the two batches of four birds each one was
used to test Gammexane and the other for pyrethrum dust. The details of these
experiments are presented in Table II.
The dilutions of the insecticides tested were as follows:
1. Derris (with 5 per cent rotenone content) ten per cent in talc.
2. D D T five per cent in talc.
3. D D T 2.5 per cent in talc.
4. A mixture of equal parts of 1 and 2.
5. Sodium fluoride 33 per cent in talc.
6. Sodium fluoride 20 per cent in talc.
7. Gammexane D 025 containing 0.6 per cent Gamma Isomer.
8. Powdered dried pyrethrum flowers.
A salt shaker type applicator (old cuticura powder tins suitably modified)
was used for dusting individual birds. The dust was rubbed in between the feathers
by the hand. The amount of dust applied to each bird was determined by weighing
the applicator both before and after use. Each batch of birds was kept in a seperate
cage. Daily examination of the birds was conducted in each case to note the in-
crease or decrease in lice population. After a week the experimental birds were
released to mix with the control birds. Each experimental bird was examined
every alternate day till reinfestation took place.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The results obtained in testing the various insecticides are tabulated in Table II.
Good residual effect was exhibited by D D T (5 per cent and 2.5 per cent),
Gammexane D 025 (0.6 per cent Gamma Isomer) Derris (10 per cent) and mixture
of equal parts of derris (10 per cent) and D D T (5 per cent) and complete exter-
mination was obtained in all these cases within 24 to 28 hours.
Sodium fluoride (33 per cent) killed all lice within 60 hours but did not show
any noticeable residual effect.
Pyrethrum, while lacking in the residual properties of rotenone, DDT and
Gammexane D 025, showed quick knock down action and complete kill was obtained
within four hours.
December, 1951] P. BALARAMA MENON, C. M. SEN GUPTA AND B. C. BASU 233
TABLE II
Trial
num-
ber
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Formula
Derris (5 per cent rote-
none) 10 per cent in
talc
DDT 5 per cent in talc
DDT 2.5 per cent in talc
Mixture of equal parts of
1 and 2.
Sodium fluoride S3 per
cent in talc
Sodium fluoride 20 per
cent in tale
Gammexane 0.6percent
in talc
Powdered dried pyrethrum
flowers
Date
of
application
25-5-49
25-5-49
25-5-49
25-5-49
25-5-49
25-5-49
25-5-49
25-5-49
Num-
ber
of
birds
8
8
8
8
6
6
4
4
Quantity
used
8.0 gm.
per bird
8 gm.
per bird
7.8 gm.
per bird
8.0 gm.
per bird
7.5 gm.
per bird
7.8 gm.
per bird
7.5 gm.
per bird
80 gm.
per bird
Effect of treatment
Complete kill within 28
hrs.
Complete kill within 24
hrs.
do.
do.
Complete kill within 60
hrs.
Almost
complete kill
within 60 hrs. except-
ing a few shaft lice.
Complete kill within 24
hrs.
Complete kill within 4
hrs.
Genera
of
lice
Menopon
and
Gonicotes
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Menopon
do.
Reappear-
ance of
lice
17 days
24 days
22 days
28 days
10 days
—
40 days
5 days
Residual
effect
yes
yes
yes
yes
poor
—
yes
No.
Remarks
A few Shaft lice noticed
throughout the obser-
vation period.
Quick knockdown.
E