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ABSTRACT
[Vol. XVIII, Part IV,
the affected quarter and reduction of milk flow. In this type of infection the organism quickly
penetrate the udder-parenchyma and as such penicillin fails to contact them effectively. It was
found that from the stand-point of sterilizing the udder, in such cases penicillin was found to be dis-
appointing. Clinically, however, the treatment resulted in marked physical improvement and the
owners get satisfied consequently with the good results that ensue. The authors consider penicillin
most effective in the treatment of chronic mastitis caused by Str. agalactiae where the infection
is dormant. In these cases the infected quarters become free from infection and remain so for months
and the milk yield increases in some cases.
In the treatment of mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus and Coryne-bacterium pyogenes, the
efficacy of penicillin is dependent upon its immediate use in the early stages. In the later stages
of these conditions, penicillin is valueless. [P. R. K. I]
Minett, F. C. (1947). Effects of artificial showers, natural rain and wallowing on the body
temperature of animals. J. Ani. Sci., 35-39.
T HE author carried out experiments to find out the extent of body heat loss by body
wetting in buffaloes, zebu cattle, small hill cattle and sheep. The wetting methods
employed were artificial showers, natural rain, wallowing, hosing and splashing. Chilling affects
the well being of animals which explains the incidence of certain diseases during monsoon in India.
A two hour's heavy shower in the morning lowers the body temperature of buffaloes by 2.8°F.
and a similar shower in the afternoon lowers the body temperature of buffaloes and cows by 1.6ºF.
and 0.5°F. respectively. The fall in buffaloes is during the shower and in cows during subsequent
drying. Young buffaloes suffer more than adults. The body temperature fall under natural shower
ranges between 0.7° to 2.7°F. in cows, 1.6 to 3.3°F. in hill cattle and 1.4° to 2.7°F. in sheep. The
results clearly show the inefficiency of temperature control in the buffalo as compared with the zebu
cow which is probably due to the protective coat in cows and the less efficient hyroid adrenal me-
chanism in buffaloes.
Body cooling or wallowing is indispensible for the buffalo in summer. Inclination to wallow
is intense from July to October. Body cooling by hosing for three minutes is as good as wallowing
for 20 minutes or one hour, but splashing for 10 minutes is not as effective. Wallowing by a previously-
exercized animal reduces the body temperature by 3° to 4°F. The author recommends showers
in place of wallows for organized dairies. [K. C. S.]
George D. Quigley & Earnest N. Cory. The utility of D. D. T. for the control of poultry ectoparasites.
Poultry Sci. Sept. 1946, Vol. XXV, No. 5, 419-423.
W HEN 50 mg. of D. D. T. was fed mixed with all mash ration even up to 120 days, no
toxic effects were evidenced but apparent elimination of body lice took place after 10
weeks. Eggs from treated birds were not toxic to experimental rats upon feeding, but when the same
amount of D.D.T. was given by mount in capsules toxic effects were noticed after 20 days, suggesting
the cumulative nature of the drug. Massive doses of D.D.T. though toxic in effects, did not prove
lethal.
At 20 per cent and one per cent levels D.D.T. in pyrophyllite when dusted on half the egg towards
the larger end or one per cent. D. D. T. in triton-xylol emulsion when applied to the egg, did not
reduce hatchability.
When applied to individual birds at 2 per cent and 10 per cent levels in pyrophyllite by salt
shaker method, D.D.T. gave protection for 30 days but 48 hours had to elapse before the birds were
free of the lice.
Dusting of layers upon the roosts twice at least two weeks apart at 20 per cent, level in pyrophy-
llite was effective to control both body and shaft lice. This method had no adverse effect on egg
production.
Insects and bed bugs were easily destroyed by D.D.T. and in case such dead insects are consumed
in large quantities by fowls the authors are of opinion that no harm will ensue. [S. G. I.]