NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
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32. Students.—Admissions during the new session were
quite satisfactory as 24 new students joined the ordinary course,
against 10 in the preceding session. The number 24 included
20 private students, viz. 11 from Bihar and Orissa, 4 from the
United Provinces, 3 from the Punjab, 1 from the North-West
Frontier Province and 1 from Bengal, against 4 private in
1930-31, 9 in 1931-32 and 3 in 1932-33. The increase in the
number of admissions of private students of the province as well
as from outside is very encouraging.
The above together with the 28 old students who returned
for further studies after the summer vacation made the total
number on the roll 52 at the commencement of the session,
against 46 of the same period of the preceding session. But as
8 students left during the session on medical or private grounds,
the total number at the end of the session was again 44.
The distribution of the students according to provinces was
as follows:—
Bihar and Orissa 32, United Provinces 6, Hyderabad 1,
Punjab 3, North-West Frontier Province 1 and Bengal 1.
According to religion, 23 were Hindus, 14 Muhammadans,
2 Sikhs and 5 Indian Christians. Amongst these, 42 were
matriculates or of equivalent qualification, 1 was a passed I. Sc.
and 1 a non-matriculate.*
33. Stipends.—Out of the total of 44 students, 18 students,
including 9 from outside, were private, and 26 held stipends as
follows:—
Bihar and Orissa Government 3, United Provinces
Government 2, Hyderabad State 1, Bihar and
Orissa district boards 19, Bettiah Raj 1.
34. Examinations.—The results of the annual and diploma
examinations for the session 1933-34, which were conducted as
usual by a Board of Examiners were considered satisfactory
by the Board. Out of 43 students who appeared at the above
examinations, 26 came out successful, the percentage of passes
being 61.1 in the first year class, 66.6 in the second year class
and 56.2 in the final year class. Out of 9 students who took
diplomas, one gained distinction in three out of four subjects,
viz. Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Bacteriology and Meat
and Milk Inspection, and one, in one subject, viz. Meat and Milk
Inspection.
35. Post-Graduate course.—The refresher course which was
instituted last session was again held from the 1st July to the
23rd December 1933. Six officers, viz. 3 from the Civil
Veterinary Department, Bihar and Orissa, 2 from the Civil
* ld student of the Bengal Veterinary College.
1
Veterinary Department, Hyderabad-Deccan, and 1 from Baudh
State who were deputed for post-graduate training, attended the
course, and all were awarded certificates of proficiency on its
termination.
36. Hostels.—With a few exceptions in the case of students
of the ordinary course, all resided in the college hostels. Their
general health was satisfactory. One old student of the first
year class proceeded on medical leave from 19th October 1933,
and could not return.
Lecturer, Mr. M. B. Bose, took over charge of Warden ship
from Dr. A. 0. Chaudhuri with effect from the 4th July 1933,
and held it up to the 20th idem when he was relieved by Mr.
G. N. Roy Chaudhuri, the Professor of Surgery. The latter officer
continued to discharge the duties of Warden for the remaining
period of the session.
37. Library.—New books worth Rs. 433 were purchased
for the library. The total number of books in stock including
the books for district hoard and Government stipendiaries
amounted to 630 on the 31st March 1934.
33. Hygiene, Anatomy, Materia Medica and Chemistry
Sections.—The work of these sections was satisfactory.
Dr. A. 0. Chaudhuri, Professor of Hygiene, besides carrying out
his usual duties, presented for publication a paper entitled
"Mineral Requirements in relation to Milk Yield in Dairy
Cows" and also prepared a monograph on the breeds of cattle
in India.
39. Veterinary hospital.—Mr. G. N. Roy Chaudhuri, the
Professor of Surgery and Obstetrics, continued to supervise the
work of the college hospital.
40. During the year, altogether 3,363 patients were treated
at the hospital as against 2,665 treated during 1932-33. The
number included 2,062 operations with 1,548 intravenous
injections and 235 castrations. Of these, 395 were in-patients
including 88 cruelty cases. 156 pathological specimens were
also sent to the laboratory for examination. 17 dogs bitten
by rabid animals were treated at the hospital by subcutaneous
injection of Anti-rabic Vaccine with satisfactory results.
41. Training of compounders.—A sowar of the Mounted
Military Police, Arrah, was deputed to the college for training
as compounder-dresser and attended the hospital for six
months from the 9th October 1933 to the 8th April 1934.
42. Shoeing Forge.—191 horses were shod at the Forge
against 259 of the preceding year. To encourage better shoeing
amongst ekka and hackney carriage ponies as well as cases
prosecuted under the Cruelty to Animals Act, the rates of
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shoeing charges were considerably reduced, viz. Re, 1-4-0 for
hackney carriage ponies and Re. 1-0-0 for ekka ponies.
43. Riding class.—Students of this class received regular
training in equitation. Two riding ponies got ill and therefore
could not be put to work for some months.
44. Breeding bull.—A stud bull was maintained at the
hospital for free service to cows of the public. The local
inhabitants took full advantage of the privilege and brought
no less than 94 cows,
45. Research laboratory.—Research work was continued
by Mr. P. G. Malkani, the Research Officer, on the life history
of the parasite of nasal granuloma, transplantation experi-
ments in infective sarcoma in dogs and Johne's disease, and special
attention was focussed on the study of the true histo-pathology
in Kumri. Questionnaires were issued in connection with
diseases of unknown etiology, diseases of fowls, mastitis and
abortion in cows, and a commencement was made in the study of
bovine lymphangitis, mastitis and abortion.
The programme of research for 1934-35 is as follows:—
(1) Studies in Rinderpest, (2) Studies in Kumri.
46. Goat virus inoculation.—Inoculation against rinderpest
by the goat virus alone method was again undertaken by the
Research Officer. Altogether 108 animals of the Government
Cattle Farm were immunized by this method and the operation
was quite successful. While conducting this experiment, last
year's experiments were repeated (1) to test the effect of 2nd
dose of goat virus given 8 days after first inoculation and (2)
to test the immunity after 11 days, 17 days and 1 year, of
vaccinated animals against bull virus. These experiments
showed (1) that revaccination with goat virus 8 days after
primary vaccination does not alter the reaction of animals that
give a poor reaction to the primary vaccination and (2) that
animals vaccinated with goat virus alone method, 11 days,
17 days and 1 year before have enough immunity to withstand
a dose of bull virus which produced a thermal reaction in 10
animals, and rinderpest in one.
47. Bovine abortion.—Three agglutination tests were carried
out for suspected cases of bovine abortion with negative results.
48. Vaccine.—Autogenous vaccines for different diseases
of equines and bovines including mastitis were prepared at the
laboratory and supplied to the veterinary assistant surgeons
in the mufassal and college hospital.
49. Routine laboratory work.—1,365 specimens including
blood, pus, fæces, urine, skin scrapings, etc, received from
various sources were examined at the laboratory, and out of
9
them, diseases were diagnosed in 396 cases. Details are shown
under section "Laboratories". Post-mortem examinations were
conducted on 44 carcases and diseases diagnosed in 42.
50. Serum depot.—The work of the serum depot was
carried out as usual by the laboratory staff. Altogether 340
requisitions for sera and vaccines were dealt with. 217,650
doses of different sera and vaccines (including balances) were
received, and 199,259 doses issued during the year. This depot
is maintained mainly for the Central Range.
51. Photo and Art works.—125 photos of different breeds
of cattle and of various diseases of clinical and pathological
importance were prepared for use in the different sections,
while 321 lantern slides and 8 coloured charts were prepared
for demonstration classes.
52. General remarks.—(a) Finance.—The total expendi-
ture of the college during the year was Rs. 84,210-0-6 against
Rs. 82,123-15-3 of the preceding year, while Rs. 7,189-11-9 were
derived as receipts.
Statement 'D' shows the details of receipts
and expenditure.
(b) Governing Body.—The College Governing Body met
only once during the year to pass the college accounts and the
budget estimates.
(c) Gift.—Some big wooden kennels were presented to the
hospital by the Hon'ble Raja Sir Rajendra Narayan Bhanja
Deo, Kt., of Kanika. These have been of great use in the Rabid
Ward and thanks of the college are due to the Raja for the gift.
53. Diploma and prize distribution.—The function was
held on the 11th April 1934. Hon'ble Mr. S. A. Azizs
Barrat-Law, Minister of Education, presided over the function
and gave away the diplomas and prizes, Rai Bahadur Mihir
Nath Roy announced the award of a medal from the next year
to be known as "Aziz Medal of Surgery". It will serve as
a great encouragement to students and thanks are due to the
Rai Bahadur for this award.
54. Visits.—His Excellency the Governor and Lady Sifton
were both pleased to visit the college on the 15th December 1933.
The college was also visited by Colonel A. Olver, C.B., C.M.G.,
F.R.C.V.S., Animal Husbandry Expert to the Imperial Council
of Agricultural Research, Mr. D. T. Mitchell, the Director of
Veterinary Services, Burma, and Mr. W. Taylor, the officiating
Director of the Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research,
Muktesar.
55. Earthquake.—The main building, the stables in the
hospital and the Anatomy block were damaged as a result of the
terrible earthquake on the 15th January 1934, and consequently,
2
4DVS
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work for some time was dislocated, and classes were carried on
with difficulty under unfavourable conditions.
The above
buildings have since been repaired except the main college in
which the repairs are in rapid progress and are expected to
be completed before the commencement of the ensuing session.
Professional Examination and Training.
56. The Bihar and Orissa Veterinary Examination
Board.—The half-yearly professional examinations of the sub-
ordinate officers were conducted by the Board twice as usual,
i.e., in April and October, the Board having been constituted by
Major Riley as the President and Head Examiner and Messrs.
Malik and Sen as second and third examiners, respectively.
Mr. Sen also acted as Secretary to the Examination Board.
57. Altogether 46 veterinary assistant surgeons appeared
at the examinations, and out of them, 29 passed in all subjects
the percentage of passes being 63.1. The final results of these
examinations were published in the Gazette as usual.
CHAPTER Ill.
Treatment of diseases.
58. Although contagious diseases were prevalent all over
the province, it is satisfactory to have to note that the department
has been able to record the work of another healthy year, inasmuch
as no widespread epidemic of any of the deadly diseases, such as
rinderpest or hæmorrhagic septicæmia were brought to notice.
Moreover, anthrax was not reported in the entire region of
North Bihar, while the two districts, Cuttack and Puri, are
reported to have remained free from rinderpest for two consecu-
tive years, viz. 1932-33 and 1933-34. Apart from the question
of seasonal virulence of some of these diseases, this satisfactory
state of affairs must have been due, to a considerable extent, to
the activities of the department. Prompt preventive measures
have always been taken wherever possible. It is only foot and
mouth disease that appears to have caused some trouble in the
Central and Orissa Ranges, especially in the districts of Ranchi,
Singhbhum and Sambalpur. The disease was, however, not
reported in Bhagalpur and Shahabad districts.
59. The incidence of the principal contagious diseases of the
province is shown in the map appended hereto.
60. During the year, altogether 5,865 outbreaks of different
contagious livestock diseases were brought to notice, as compared
with 5,063 reported in 1932-33. In these outbreaks, out of
a total number of 108,454 animals affected, 14,973 died,
compared with 89,198 attacks and 20,896 deaths recorded in
the preceding year. The number of animals affected include
11
81,763 cases of foot and mouth disease. This disease was also
responsible for the comparative increase in the number of
outbreaks as well as attacks. The outstanding feature of these
figures is that while the outbreaks and seizures increased in
number, the number of deaths showed a decrease of 6,575,
compared with the corresponding figures of the previous year.
Of the total number of 5,865 outbreaks reported, 5,250 were
attended by the staff, the percentage of attendance being about
90 against 95 and 92 of the years 1931-32 and 1932-33, respec-
tively. This shortage appears to have been due to the dislocation
of work caused by the earthquake during the latter part of
the year.
61. According to the area and cattle population of each
range, the distribution of the outbreaks, etc., was as follows:—
Name of range.
1
North Bihar...
Central ...
Orissa ...
Total ...
Area in
square miles.
2
20,457
33,844
28,864
83,165
Livestock.
3
10,094,441
10,120,105
9,089,537
29,304,083*
Number
of out-
breaks
reported.
4
648
3,252
1,965
5,865
Number
of out-
breaks
attended.
5
648
2,965
1,637
5,250
Number of
animals
affected.
6
9,278(a)
56,996(b)
42,180(c)
108.454
Number of
deaths
recorded.
7
1,929
9,049
3,995
14,973(d)
* The figures are according to the Census of 1930.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Includes 5,657 cases of foot and mouth disease.
Do. 41,333
ditto.
Do. 34,773
ditto.
Do.
540 deaths under "Equines" and "others".
62. Reporting of diseases.—There appears to have been
some improvement effected in the reporting of diseases by the
police as the figures indicate. This is evidently the result of the
steps taken by the Inspector-General of Police at Major Riley's
request in 1932-33.
63. Altogether 204 chaukidars were either rewarded or
recommended for reward, for good work; while, 61 were either
punished or recommended for punishment for not carrying out
their duties satisfactorily.
Equine.
64. Glanders and Farcy.—No case of Glanders or Farcy
was reported during the year.
65. Dourine.—This disease, as usual, was also not reported.
66. Anthrax.—One case of equine anthrax resulting in the
death of the animal was reported in Hazaribagh. Another case
occurred among the Mounted Military Police horses at Jamshed-
pur, district Singhbhum. The animal died immediately after
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detection. The outbreak subsided after the necessary precautions
were taken and remaining horses protected with anti-anthrax
serum. Unlike the previous two years when the Darbhanga Raj
horses were seriously affected, this disease was not reported
during the year under report in the North Bihar Range.
67. Surra.—Only 2 deaths from surra were reported, 1 in
Gaya and 1 in the Santal Parganas. No treatment could be adopted
in these cases. In another instance which occurred in Dhanbad
subdivision, the animal was cured after treatment with Naganol.
68. Other (Equine) contagious diseases.—Diseases of
equines such as Strangles, Tetanus, etc., are shown under this
head.
(a) Strangles.—4 cases of strangles were reported in the
districts of Champaran and Monghyr, but they were not attended
with any casualty,
(b) Tetanus.—9 deaths from tetanus were reported during
the year of which 6 occurred in the North Bihar and 3 in the
Central Range. Their distribution according to districts is
given in Table II.
(c) Rabies.—Only one case of rabies was reported in
Monghyr district.
Bovine.
69. Rinderpest.—Considerable decline in the mortality
figures is noticed under this head, as, out of a total of 19,129
animals affected, only 8,467 deaths were recorded during the year,
against 35,667 attacks and 15,215 deaths recorded in the year
1932-33. Deaths numbering over a thousand were reported
only in two districts, Gaya and the Santal Parganas, while the
minimum number (5) was reported in Darbhanga. As already
stated, the disease was not reported in Cuttack and Puri. Of
the total number, 1,150 deaths were recorded in the North Bihar
Range, 5,303 in the Central Range and 2,014 in the Orissa
Range.
70. Foot and Mouth disease.—Foot and mouth disease was
prevalent in all districts of the province, and from the statistics
available, it was more widespread than in the previous year.
The outbreaks of this disease were somewhat obstinate in Ranchi
and Sambalpur where they lingered on throughout the year.
Palamau also suffered heavily with 14,399 attacks recorded
in it. As remarked in the previous year's report, the number
of deaths caused by this disease is generally very small. It
reached 211 only during the year under report, out of 81,763
animals affected, showing a percentage of .25 death.
71. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
also affected all the districts and its incidence was slightly
13
greater during the year, as, out of a total number of 6,659 animals
affected, 4,957 deaths were recorded, compared with 5,572
attacks and 4,230 deaths recorded in the year 1932-33. Alto-
gether 1,179 outbreaks were brought to notice and of these, 1,155
were attended by the staff.
72. Black Quarter.—Black Quarter was reported in 17
districts out of 21, the exceptions being Saran, Cuttack, Balasore
and Angul, but in none of them was it of virulent type.
In all, 84 outbreaks were reported, and out of a total number
of 499 animals affected in them, 425 died, compared with
554 attacks and 475 deaths in 89 outbreaks reported during
1932-33. All the outbreaks were attended.
73. Anthrax.—Bovine anthrax was reported in 9 districts,
viz. Shahabad, Gaya, Patna, Monghyr, Palamau, the Santal
Parganas, Hazaribagh, Sambalpur and Singhbhum against 12 of
the previous year. 19 outbreaks were brought to notice and all
of them were attended, the number of deaths recorded in
them being 104 out of 120 animals attacked, compared with 369
deaths and 462 attacks recorded in 1932-33.
Information of these outbreaks was furnished to the Consul-
General of America, Calcutta, every month.
74. Other contagious diseases.—The number of deaths
recorded under this head was 279 against 276 recorded in the
year 1932-33. It includes 98 deaths from bovine surra,
.00 deaths from parasitic diarrhoea, 47 deaths from ephemeral
fever and 17 deaths among cattle affected by rabies.
Others.
75. 526 deaths were recorded under this head against 132
of the preceding year. This shows that greater attention was
again paid to the diagnosis of diseases in smaller animals.
The following particulars are worth noticing:—
Rabies.—66 deaths were recorded under this sub-head
which shows an increase of 10 over the previous year's figure.
Most of these cases were rabies in dogs, and in one case it was
rabies in jackal. In the North Bihar Range, 2 cases bitten by
a rabid dog were treated with anti-rabic vaccine. 11 brains
from rabid dogs were also sent to the Pasteur Institute from
that range. All of them proved positive to negri bodies.
Fowl cholera.—This disease was diagnosed in 31 cases.
The other diseases include canine distemper, ovine tetanus,
Ranikhet disease, etc., the details of which are given in Table II.
76. An outbreak of what is known as "Ranikhet" disease
was for the first time discovered by the Disease Investigation
Officer at Dumka town. The officer investigated the disease and
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advised preventive measures. Altogether 79 deaths of fowls and
other birds from this disease were recorded in Dumka town
alone.
Preventive inoculation.
77. The position of preventive inoculation was more satis-
factory during the year as the old outstanding debts of the local
bodies having been cleared and there being no pressing demand
for extra expenditure of sera and vaccines, protection by this
method could, in most cases, be extended without any difficulty.
Reduction in the prices of some of the Muktesar products,
especially in that of anti-rinderpest serum has given relief in
that a larger number of animals could bo protected without
the need of a corresponding increase in the budget allotment of
a district board. The net result of all this was that altogether
189,417 cattle could be protected with preventive inoculation in
765 outbreaks, as compared with 164,232 inoculations done in 881
outbreaks in 1932-33. This shows an increase of over 25,000
inoculations. The number would have further increased, had not
the normal activities of the department in the interior of the
North Bihar Kongo been disturbed for about two months and a
half due to the earthquake.
197 inoculated animals died of the disease showing a
percentage of .10 death as compared with .11 of the previous
year.
78. Details of the work done in each district are furnished
in Table III. Of the total number, the North Bihar Range has
to its credit 37,338 inoculations, the Central Range 108,358 and
the Orissa Range 43,721.
79. Rinderpest.—Inoculation of cattle against rinderpest by
the "serum alone" method was carried out in all districts except
Cuttack in which the disease was not reported. The largest
number protected by this method in any one district was 19,334
in Gaya, and next to that, 10,285 in Purnea where the disease
appeared in a virulent form. The total number of inoculations
performed against rinderpest was 84,929 as compared with
106,649 done in 1932-33. The decrease in the number of inocu-
lations against this particular disease is consistent with the low
mortality figures noticed in a previous paragraph. The Central
Range showed the largest figure, viz., 47,292 inoculations as in the
previous year.
80. "Serum Simultaneous" Inoculation.—Owing to the
difficulties mentioned in paragraph 63 of the Annual Report of
1932-33, this method of inoculation was not adopted during the
year but as its substitute, the goat adapted virus method though
still experimental, was introduced on a larger scale as shown
below.