NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
66
beyond the optimum quantity, in the hope to obtain an augmented protein
absorption. Thus, we showed in a summary of Table II that, with a practically
constant intake of nitrogen from rice but with a varying intake of nitrogen derived
from dal, no increase in nitrogenous metabolism accompanied an augmented
nitrogen content of the diet from dal.
The figures in support of this view on the basis of batches of five men under
observation for five days are :—
N . of arhar dal 150. 10 grms. gave 196. 25 grms. absorbed.
Nitrogen of rice and N. of massur ” 188. 40 „
„ 198. 60 „
”
vegetables
con- N.
N. of
„
„ 171. 30 „
„ 198. 13 „
”
stant.
N. of mung ” 160. 81 ”
” 193. 54 ”
”
That is, a certain amount of the protein of dal and rice is capable of being absorbed
from a diet composed of 26 ozs. of rice and 6 ozs. of dal, and, so far as our observa-
tions go, the amount of nitrogen provided by those 6 ozs. does not appear to make
any difference in the quantity of protein undergoing metabolism. The results
obtained in Puri j ail—Table III—bear this out ; however, the quantities of nitro-
gen furnished in the different observations in that jail were too similar to afford
much assistance.
The investigations in which gram dal was used show that practically the same
number of grms. of nitrogen undergo metabolism with 7 ozs. of gram dal as
when 6 ozs. of other dals are given. This is shown for Puri jail thus :—
Basis of five men under observation for five days.
Nitrogen of rice and N. of mixed dals 156. 35 gave 184. 50 grms. absorbed.
vegetables con-
N. of arhar dal 160.62 „ 185. 75 „
„
stant.
N. of gram. dal 161. 81 „ 183. 75 ”
”
In order to clear up the question whether 6 ozs. of dal gives the maximum nitrogen
absorption, or whether as good absorption would be obtained by decreasing or in-
creasing the amount of dal in the diet, the following observations were made.
As there was no hope of having the full 26 ozs. of Burma rice consumed, the
investigations were carried out with a constant quantity of 20 ozs. of Burma rice.
This, of course, introduces a new factor compared with the conditions prevailing
when the full diet is given, as the reduction of the diet in bulk may allow of an
increased absorption of dal when given in quantities of 6 ozs. or even when those
quantities are increased. The investigations were arranged so that the five men
67
were observed while on diets containing the same quantities of Burma rice, the
amounts of dal in the different diets varying.
TABLE V (a).
(i ) Investigations of the degrees of nitrogenous metabolism on diets based on the
following scheme:—
Five prisoners observed for periods of five days.
CONSTANTS.
Rice 100 ozs.
Arhar dal 35 ozs. = Diet I.
+
„ „ 30 „ = Diet II.
Vegetables 30 ozs.
„ „ 25 „ = Diet III.
Diet I.
BATCH B.
Quantity
of urine.
Total N.
of urine.
N. of
Burma
rice.
N. of
arhar
dal.
N. of
vege-
tables.
Weight.
REMARKS.
C. C.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Lbs.
Four prisoners,
Bengalis.
11,820
31.02
31.40
35.76
2.36
117.2
Corrected to a
basis of five
men for com-
parison.
10,910
31.69
31.40
35.76
2.36
117.1
9,680
28.96
31.40
35.76
2.36
117.1
12,550
35.14
31.40
35.76
2.36
117.3
10,950
33.72
31.40
35.76
2.36
117.3
Diet II.
Batch B
.
15,150
35.63
31.40
30.65
2.36
115.8
14,000
34.59
31.40
30.65
2.36
..
11,660
32.48
31.40
30.65
2.36
116.0
12,850
29.32
31.40
30.65
2.36
115.8
12,350
27.34
31.40
30.65
2.36
115.9
K 2
68
Diet III.
BATCH B.
Quantity
of urine.
Total N.
of urine.
N. of
Burma
rice.
N. of
Arhar
dal.
N. of
vege-
tables.
Weight.
REMARKS.
C. C.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Lbs.
16,460
38.02
31.40
25.54
2.36
117.8
13,470
34.88
31.40
25.54
2.36
117.8
10,680
30 . 35
31.40
25.54
2 . 36
117.6
11,740
33.69
31.40
25.54
2.36
117.8
13,430
32.52
31.40
25 . 54
2.36
117.8
What is to be learned from these results ?
Diet I.
Burma rice 20 ozs., arhar dal 7 ozs. per man.
Total intake of nitrogen—
Total output
—
N. of rice
.
. 157.00 grms.
N. of urine
.
.
.
.
1 6 0 . 5 3 g r m s .
N. of arhar dal .
. 178.80 „
.5 grm. daily constant
.
. 12.50 „
N. of vegetables .
. 11.80 „
Total nitrogenous metabolism
. 173.03 „
Total N. intake
.
. 347.60 „
= 49.77 per cent. of total nitrogen of the diet
= 6.92 grms. nitrogen per man daily.
Diet II.
Total intake of nitrogen—
Total output
—
N. of rice
.
.
157.00 grms.
N. of urine
.
.
.
159.36 grms.
N. of arhar dal
.
153.25 „
. 5 grm. daily constant
.
.
12.50 „
N. of vegetables .
11.80 „
Total N. metabolis
.
. 171.86 „
Total N. intake
. 322.05 „
= 53.36 per cent. of total nitrogen of the diet.
= 6.87 grms. nitrogen per man daily.
69
Diet III.
Total intake of nitrogen—
Total output
N. of rice
.
157. 00 grms.
N. of urine
.
.
.
169. 46 grms.
N. of arhar dal
.
127. 70
„
5 grms. N. daily constant
.
12.50
„
N. of vegetables
.
11.80
„
Total N. metabolism
.
181. 96
„
Total N. intake
.
296. 50
„
= 61.40 per cent. of the nitrogen of the diet.
=7. 28 grms. of nitrogen per man daily.
Therefore we get the following results
Grms. of N.
Per cent. of N. of
absorbed.
diet absorbed.
CONSTANTS.
Burma rice 20 ozs.
A r h a r dal 7 ozs.
6. 92
49.77
+
„
„ 6
„
6. 87
53.66
Vegetables 6 ozs.
„
,,
5
„
7.28
61.40
That is, by increasing the quantity of arhar dal from 6 to 7 ozs. per man daily there
is practically no increase obtained in the amount of protein of the diet undergoing
metabolism, while a decrease in the arhar dal from 6 to 5 ozs. cases a slight increase
in the protein metabolism. As would be expected the percentage absorption
of nitrogen with 7 ozs. of arhar dal in the diet is very low, considering that the rice
has been decreased to 20 ozs., while it shows a distinct increase when the arhar dal
is reduced to 5 ozs. daily.
[The arhar dal in use in these observations was that which gave such poor
results as to its absorption in other experiments—see Table V (v)—probably
from its inferior quality and from the fact that it had been in store all the year with
the result that many seeds had become blackened.] The results, however, despite
this, are comparable for the three diets and show that, in all probability, the
optimum amount of dal is exceeded in a diet of the Lower Bengal jail type which
contains 6 ozs. of dal daily.
70
(ii) Investigations to show the effect of a reduction of massur dal from 6 to 5 ozs.
per man daily, while the other constituents of the diet are constant.
Rice and vegetables constant. +
30 ozs. massur dal = Diet I.
25 ozs. massur dal = Diet II.
The figures for Diet I will be found on Table V (iv), Diet I of this Chapter, the
results showing an absorption, with 20 ozs. Burma rice and 6 ozs. of massur dal,
of 8.12 grms. nitrogen per man daily, which means 56.87 per cent. of nitrogen of
the diet.
Diet II.
BATCH A.
Quantity
of urine.
Total N.
of urine.
N of
Burma
rice.
N of
massur.
dal.
N. of
vegetables. Weight.
REMARKS.
C. C.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Lbs.
Five prisoners,
Bengalis.
13,960
38.98
31.40
31.40
2.36
126.4
13,350
37.94
31.40
31.40
2.36
126.4
10,080
38.44
31.40
31.40
2.36
126.6
12,120
38.17
31.40
31.40
2.36
126.5
11,870
35.89
31.40
31.40
2.36
126.5
Total intake of nitrogen—
Total output—
N. of Burma rice .
. 157.00 grms.
N. of urine
.
.
. 189.42 grms.
N. of massur dal .
. 157.00 „
5 grm. nitrogen daily constant.
12.50 „
N. of vegetables .
. 11.80 „
Total nitrogenous metabolism
201.92 „
Total nitrogen intake
. 325.80 „
= 61.97 p. c. of the nitrogen of the diet.
= 8.06 grms. of nitrogen per man daily.
Therefore we get—
Grms. N.
absorbed.
Per cent. of N. of
diet absorbed.
Burma rice 20 ozs.
Massur dal 6 ozs.
.
8.12
56.87
Vegetables 6 „
Massur dal 5 ozs.
.
8. 06
61.97
That is, practically the same amount of nitrogen is absorbed from a diet contain-
ing 5 ozs. of massur dal daily as when 6 ozs. are given ; so that it would appear
from this result also that 6 ozs. of dal in the ordinary jail dietaries is beyond the
amount from which the maximum protein absorption takes place.
71
(iii) That it is useless to increase the amount of nitrogen beyond that provided
by 6 ozs. per man daily is further borne out by the following summary of results
obtained when the full jail diet was eaten and when 1 oz. per man daily more dal
was added.
Diet of 26 ozs. country rice
a n d 6 ozs. mung dal — nitrogen absorbed 187.28 grms.
„
26 ozs.
,, ,,
,,
7
,, ,, ,, ,,
„
185.57 grms.
These observations were carried out on the same prisoners for five days and are
therefore strictly comparable.
We may conclude from the results of these three sets of observations that there
is nothing to be gained by trying to increase the amount of protein in the jail diet-
aries by adding more dal to the 6 ozs. already provided in the jail scales. The
protein absorption is quite as good. from a diet of the Lower Bengal jail type with
6 ozs. of dal as when 7 ozs. are given. Further, we have brought forward evi-
dence to show that the absorption is equally good when the dal of the jail dietary
is reduced to 5 ozs. per man daily, and that it is highly probable that the amount
of dal given in the jail diet, when combined with 26 ozs. or even 20 ozs. of rice
and 6 ozs. of vegetables, exceeds the quantity from which the maximum absorp-
tion is possible.
(c) The effects of varying the amounts of rice and dal—the total nitrogen of the
diets remaining constant.— It will be evident from the results hitherto obtained,
i.e., a decrease in the amount of rice or dal from the ordinary Bengal jail
standard being followed by an increase in the amount of protein undergoing meta-
bolism, that no fixed or constant co-efficients of absorbability for the protein of rice
or dal would. explain the variations in absorption that accompanied changes in the
amounts of those substances in the dietaries. The only explanation possible
appears to be that for varying quantities of rice or dal varying co-efficients of
absorbability must hold—these co-efficients varying to some extent inversely with
the quantities of the food. materials forming the diet.
In order to obtain some idea of those variations we arranged for a series of
observations in which, while the amount of nitrogen furnished by the diets re-
mained fairly constant, the individual constituents of the diets were markedly
varied.
TABLE VI.
The diets of these investigations were as follows:—
Diet 1.—The ordinary jail diet
26 ozs. Burma rice.
6 ozs. mung dal.
Diet II.—Rice reduced to 16 ozs.
Dal increased to 8.4 ozs.
Diet III.—Rice increased to 32 ozs.
Dal reduced to 4 ozs.
72
Diet 1.
Five prisoners for five consecutive days.
BATCH A.
Quantity
of urine. Reaction. Total N.
of urine.
N. of
rice.
N. of
m u n g
dal.
N. of
vegetables. Weight.
C. C.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Lbs.
Five prisoners
.
10,830
Acid
39.62
37.62
32.23
2.36
115.9
7,170
, ,
32.77
37.69
32.06
2.36
115.6
8,850
, ,
36.67
41.17
32.06
2.36
116
9,970
, ,
35.43
37.49
32.26
2.36
116
7,120
, ,
36.68
41.17
32.20
2.36
115.9
Total intake of nitrogen—
Total output
—
N. of Burma rice
.
194.14 grms.
N. of urine
.
.
.
181.04grms.
N. of mung dal .
.
160.81
, ,
.5 grm. daily constant
.
12.50 , ,
N. of vegetables .
.
11.80
, ,
Total nitrogenous metabolism 193.54 , ,
Total N. of intake
366.75
, ,
= 52.50 per cent. of the nitrogen of the diet.
= 7.74 grms. nitrogen per man daily.
Diet II.
Five prisoners for six consecutive days.
BATCH A.
Quantity
of urine.
Reaction. Total N.
of urine.
N . o f
rice.
N. of
mung
dal.
N. of
vegetables. Weight.
C. C.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Lbs.
Five prisoners .
.
7,410
Acid
41.70
24.80
45.50
2.36
114
6,230
, ,
36.19
24.80
45.50
2.36
113.8
8,050
, ,
40.79
24.80
44.88
2.36
113.5
8,830
, ,
39.62
24.80
45.50
2.36
114
7,800
, ,
39.36
24.80
45.50
2.36
114
8,870
, ,
42.58
24.80
45.50
2.36
114
73
T o t a l i n t a k e —
Total output
—
N. of rice
.
.
148.80 grms.
N. of urine
.
.
. 240.24 grms.
N. of mung dal
.
272.38 „
Constant .5 grm. daily
.
15.00 „
N. of vegetables .
14.16 „
Total N. metabolised
.
255.24 „
Total N. of intake
.
435.34 „
= 58.86 per cent. of total N. of diet.
= 8.51 grms. of N. per day per man.
Diet III.
The same five prisoners for five consecutive days.
BATCH A.
Quantity
of urine.
Reaction. Total N.
of urine.
N. of
rice.
N. of
mung
dal.
N. of
vegetables. Weight.
C. C.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Lbs.
Five prisoners, Bengalis
8,420
Acid
29.82
49.60
21.66
2.36
115.6
7,700
„
29.64
46.60
21.66
2.36
116
8,380
„
31.38
49.60
21.66
2.36
116.4
11,280
„
29.92
46.02
21.66
2.36
..
10,640
„
30.61
46.17
21.66
2.36
116.2
Total N. of intake—
Total output—
N. of rice
. 237.99 grms.
N. of urine
.
.
. 151.37 grms.
N. of mung dal . 108.30 „
Constant .5 grm. daily
.
12.50 „
N. of vegetables .
11.80 „
Total nitrogenous metabolism 163.87 „
Total N. of intake
358.09 „
= 45.76 per cent. of total nitrogen of diet.
= 6.55 grms. of nitrogen per man daily.
Therefore we obtain from these observations :—
Diet I—Burma rice 25 ozs.
52.50 per cent. of N. absorbed 7.74 grms. N. per man daily.
Mung dal
6 „
Diet II—Burma rice 16 „
58.8 „ „ „ „ 8.51
„ „ „ „ „
Mung dal 8.4 „
Diet III-Burma rice 32 „
45.76 „ „ „ „ 6.55 „ „ „ „ „
Mung dal
4 „
Now the actual amount of nitrogen absorbed from these different quantities
of mung dal will be very nearly identical—we saw it was useless to increase the
amount of dal in a diet beyond 6 ozs. per man daily, so that little of the increase
in the nitrogen absorbed in Diet II will be due to the addition of 2.4 ozs. of mung
dal. It, therefore, follows that there must be an increased percentage absorption
of the protein of rice and a decreased percentage absorption of the protein of dal
L
74
in Diet II compared with Diet I. By a similar line of reasoning it may be accept-
ed that in Diet III there is a decreased. percentage absorption of the protein of
rice and an increased percentage absorption of the protein of mung dal, even
though less nitrogen is absorbed from the 4 ozs. of mung dal of Diet III than from
the 6 ozs. of Diet I. As the amount of the nitrogen intake is practically identical
in the three diets, and as very different amounts of nitrogen are absorbed in each
c a s e —
Diet I
intake of nitrogen 14.67 grms. N. absorbed 7.74 grms.
Diet II
„
„
„
14.51 „
„
„
8.51
„
Diet III
„
„
„
14.34 „
„
„
6.55
„
it follows that no constant or fixed co-efficients of absorbability of the protein of
rice and dal are possible that will explain the absorption exhibited from these
three diets. The only explanation is, therefore, that for varying amounts of rice
in the diet there is a varying so-efficient of protein absorption, and that for vary-
ing amounts of dal in the diet there is likewise a varying co-efficient of protein
absorption—these co-efficients of absorption varying inversely with the amount
of rice or dal in the dietaries.
Assuming that about the same absorption of nitrogen takes place from the
different quantities of dal in the diets, we may make use of the figures for
the amounts of protein absorbed as a measure of the nitrogenous metabolism on diets
containing 25, 16 and. 32 ozs. of rice, and combining these with the results shown
in the foregoing tables, we can plot out the curve of the nitrogenous absorption from
diets containing varying quantities of rice, when the absorption of nitrogen from the
dal of the dietaries is fairly constant. In this curve* the extreme figures—those for
16 ozs. and 32 ozs. of rice—are probably not quite correct : when the rice is reduced
to 16 ozs. in all probability more nitrogen would be absorbed from 8. 4 ozs. of mung
dal than from 6 ozs., and when the dal is reduced to 4 ozs. per day probably a
little less than the quantity of nitrogen absorbed from 6 ozs. of mung dal would be
absorbed from 4 ozs. when the diet contains 32 ozs. of rice. With these possible
exceptions the curve obtained from these investigations fairly well represents
the different degrees of protein absorption from diets composed of rice and dal,
under varying conditions as regard the quantities of rice consumed.
The figures on which this chart is based will be found in the different tables
given in this chapter They are :—
With 32 ozs. of rice consumed
.
6.55 grms. nitrogen absorbed.
,,
2 6
,, ,, ,,
,,
(average)
.
7.55
,, ,, ,, ,, 24
,, ,, ,, ,,
.
.
8.00
,, ,, ,, ,,
23
,, ,, ,, ,,
.
.
8.09
,, ,, ,,
„ 20
,,
,, ,,
,,
.
.
8.40
,,
,,
,, ,,
19
,, ,, ,, ,,
.
.
8.47
,, ,, ,, ,,
16 ,, ,,
,, ,,
.
.
8.51 (?)
,, ,, ,,
* Chart I.
75
We have reason to believe that the top of the curve or maximum absorption.
lies about 18 ozs. of rice per man daily ;—something like what has been introduced
in the dotted lines joining 19, 18 and 16 ozs. The marked flattening that begins
from 21 ozs., as the curve is traced back with diminishing quantities of rice,
shows that we are nearing the limits for a maximum absorption and that those
limits lie close to about 18 ozs. of rice. We may, therefore, conclude from the
results of these investigations that in a diet of the lower Bengal jail type the
optimum amount of rice has been long passed before 26 ozs. per man daily is
reached, and that this optimum is about 18 ozs. Consequently any rice in the
dietaries in excess of 18 ozs. per man daily is not only useless but actually
clogs the absorption of protein, so that the amount of nitrogen undergoing
metabolism actually falls. The amount of rice in the dietaries of lower Bengal
should not therefore exceed from 18 to 20 ozs. per man daily. A reduction of at
least 8 ozs. per man is therefore not only possible but—what is of more import-
ance—is greatly to be desired in the interests of the prisoners : for, by this reduc-
tion nitrogenous metabolism is paced on a higher level and, at the same time,
the excessive carbohydrates of the diet with their concomitant disabilities are to
some extent lessened.
The composite chart we have plotted for the absorption of protein in dietaries
containing varying quantities of different dals is derived from the fgures given in
Table V (a ) of this chapter. (See Chart II.)
We do not attach anything like the same importance to this chart as to
Chart I, for various reasons, the most important being that when the rice of the
diet scale is reduced to something approaching proper physiological conditions,
the level of nitrogenous absorption is so raised that a reduction in the amount of
dal by 1 oz. per man daily, even if it had any effect in decreasing nitrogenous
metabolism—the results of all our investigations are opposed to any such
effect—would not be a matter of any consequence.
Further, with a reduction in the quantity of rice, less dal will naturally be re-
quired for the proper admixture of the ingredients of the diet, to render it palat-
able and of the desired consistency. When we come to the working out of
practical diet scales we shall have other methods of providing absorbable protein,
without running any risk of increasing the quantity of dal beyond its physiologi-
cal-limits.
SECTION 4.
4. The effects of varying the components of the diet, i.e., of adding
wheat ata, fish or meat.
We have made a large number of observations on the effects of adding wheat
ata, fish or meat to the diet, while at the same time decreasing the quantity of rice
L 2
76
or dal as the case may be. The results obtained were very much what we expect-
ed. As soon as any of these substances were substituted for rice the percentage
of protein absorption showed a sudden rise and the actual protein metabolism
became largely increased. As it would not serve any useful purpose to give in
full detail all the different experiments carried out, and as all that is to be
learned from them can be shown in a few examples, we shall content ourselves
by stating as concisely as possible the results of the observations.
We shall take up this part of the work under two heads
—
(a) Effects of adding wheat ata to the lower Bengal dietaries.
(b) Effects of adding an animal protein to the Lower Bengal dietaries.
(a) THE EFFECTS OF ADDING WHEAT ATA TO THE RICE AND DAL OF THE
ORDINARY DIET.
TABLE VII.
(i) Investigations to determine the degree of nitrogenous metabolism on a diet
of the lower Bengal type, when only half the quantity of rice is given and a sufficient
quantity of wheat ata is substituted to replace the nitrogen lost by the reduction
of rice.
Puri Jail—Ooriyas—four men observed for eight days.
BATCH.
Quantity
of urine.
Re-
action.
Total
nitrogen
of urine.
N. of
rice.
N. of
dals.
N. of
wheat
ata.
N. of
vegeta-
bles.
Weight.
C. C.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Lbs.
Four prisoners, Ooriyas .
4,270
Acid
40.56
16 . 04
25.70
15 . 13
1.96
111.2
3,400
„
39.84
16 . 04
25. 70
15 . 13
1 . 96
..
4,260
„
40. 76
16 . 04
25 . 70
15. 13
1 . 96
. .
3,740
„
38 .45
16 . 04
25. 70
15. 13
1 . 96
111
3,850
„
40.47
16. 04
25. 70
15 . 13
1 . 96
..
3,690
„
38.17
16. 04
25. 70
15.13
1 . 96
..
3,910
„
44.17
16 . 04
25. 70
15. 13
1.96
111.2
3,940 „
41.57
16. 04
25. 70
15 . 13
1.96
111.2
Total intake of nitrogen—
Total output
—
N. of rice
.
.
.
128.32 grms.
N. of urine
.
.
.
. 323.99 grms.
N. of dals* .
.
.
205.60 „
.5 grm. daily constant .
.
16.00 „
N. of wheat ata
.
.
121.04 „
N. of vegetables .
.
15.68 „
Total metabolism
.
. 339.99 „
=72.24 per cent. of the nitrogen of the diet,
Total nitrogen intake
.
470.64 „
=10.62 grins. nitrogen per man daily.
* Arhar and gram dals.
77
These results should be contrasted with those given in Table III (ii) and
(iii):—
Ordinary Jail diet 49. 49 per cent. of N. of diet absorbed. 7. 43 grms. daily.
This diet
72.24
„ „ „ „
10.63 „ „
That is by giving only one-half of the quantity of rice in the jail diet, and
substituting for the other half a sufficient quantity of wheat ata to offer an
amount of nitrogen equal to that lost by the reduction of rice, there is an in-
crease in the percentage of protein absorbed from about 50 to over 72 per cent.
and an increase in the actual amount of nitrogen undergoing metabolism from
7 . 4 grms. to 10.52 grms. per man daily. This great increase is due to two
factors : the diminution in the quantity of rice by decreasing the bulk of the
diet permits, as we have already seen, of an increased protein absorption ; further,
the addition of wheat ata is the substitution of a more easily assimilable protein
for the protein of rice, so that an increased amount of nitrogen is absorbed from
practically an identical nitrogen intake. It is also possible that the change
in the type of diet has a favourable influence on protein absorption beyond what
would normally be the case were the diet constantly in use. Evidence of this is
afforded by the high protein absorption shown by Ooriyas and Bengalis on
the addition of wheat ata—the percentage of absorption being on the whole
higher than is the case with Beharis on a similar diet but one to which they are
accustomed.
(ii) Investigations to determine the degree of nitrogenous metabolism on a diet of
the lower Bengal type when one-fourth the quantity of rice and one-sixth the quantity
of dal are replaced by their nitrogen equivalent (almost) in the form of wheat ata, i.e.—
Rice
.
.
.
20 ozs.
Wheat ata .
.
.
6 ozs.
Massur dal
.
.
5 „ Vegetables
. .
.
6 „
Four prisoners—Ooriyas—over five consecutive days.
BATCH D.
Quantity
of urine.
Re-
action.
N. of
urine.
N. of
rice
N. of
massur
dal.
N. of
wheat
ata.
N. of
vegeta-
ables.
Weight.
C. C.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Grms.
Lbs.
Four prisoners, Ooriyas. .
5,330
Acid
34.77
24.68
23.43
12.36
1.88
118.6
5,800
„
40.36
24.68
23.43
12.36
1.88
118.6
6,730
„
41.14
24.68
23.43
12.36
1.88
118.2
6,040
„
38.89
24.68
23.43
12.36
1.88
118.4
5,570
„
36.34
24.68
23.43
12.36
1.88
118.5