NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
24
in primary vaccinations, and is spread more or less over several of
the native states of this circle. Each vaccinator operated on 1,749
persons on an average, or 109 more than in 1874-75 ; but this
average is 246 below the general average. The percentage of
success in primary vaccinations is 96.3, or 0.4 higher than in last
report, and each successful case cost annas 3, or 1 pie less than
in the preceding year.
Dispensary
vaccination
work.
Table No. XXIV.
Central Circle ...
Southern do. ...
Western do. ...
Eastern Guzerat Circle
Western
do. ...
Sind
Circle ...
Muscat do. ...
Not Increase ...
In-
crease.
...
682
563
142
144
1,842
...
3,373
2,552
De-
crease.
677
...
...
...
...
...
144
821
61. Vaccination was carried on at 110 dispensaries by the
medical subordinates in charge of them, and returns have been
received from 2 jails. At these places 23,744 persons were
operated on, or an increase of 2,552, and the success in primary
vaccinations is 93.3 to 92.5 as compared with the preceding year.
These operations cost the de-
partment nothing except lan-
cets, forms, and postage. The
percentage of success is consi-
derably below that obtained by
the itinerant vaccinators, but
when the number of vaccina-
tions is small the success must
be comparatively low. The de-
crease in the Central circle is
owing to work at the dispen-
saries of Ahmednagar, Khed,
Bársi, Sholápur, Pandharpur,
and Talegaon having been
placed in the hands of the
municipal vaccinators of these
towns.
Army vacci-
nations.
62. Army vaccination shows an increase of 1,027, but in
the previous year there was a decrease of 2,074. The total num-
ber of persons operated on was 8,307.
Average
number of
persons vac-
cinated by
each vacci-
nator.
Table No. XXV.
1st, 2 Government Civil Vaccinators
2nd, 50 Municipal
do.
3rd, 207 Local Fund
do.
4th. 130 Native States
do.
2,381
1,635
2,233
1,749
63. The average number of persons vaccinated by each
vaccinator for the whole Presidency is 1,995, or an increase of 167
over the preceding year. The average for the 4 army vaccinators
cannot be given, as their
work is returned in the
monthly returns of regi-
ments as well as in their
own returns, but for other
establishments the aver-
ages are here given.
They each show an increase, except in the case of the 2 Govern-
ment vaccinators.
Average
number of
vaccinations
per vaccina-
tor in each
circle,
64. The following table shows the average number of per-
sons vaccinated by the vaccinators in each circle and the name of
the officer in charge of each :—.
25
Table No. XXVI.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Circles.
Sind ... ...
Presidency... ...
Central ... ...
Western Guzerat ...
Aden ... ...
Eastern Guzerat ...
Baroda ... ...
Southern ... ...
Western ... ...
Cutch ... ...
Average num-
ber of persons
vaccinated by
each vaccinator.
3,060
2,228
2,193
2,188
2,182
1,814
1,679
1,658
1,607
436
Names of superintendents.
Surgeon J. Williams, M.D.
Mr. Anantá Chandrobá.G.G.M.C.
Surgeon-Major J. Pinkorton,MD.
Surgeon-Major Blomfield.
Surgeon Hay, M.D.
Dr. Colah.
Surgeon-Major Atkins.
Surgeon Raby.
Surgeon Cody.
Mr. Dorabji Hormasji,G.G.M.C.
The Sind circle again stands first as compared with the preced-
ing year ; the Presidency circle has jumped from the 9th to the
2nd place; the Central circle again holds the 3rd place ; Western
Guzerat has fallen from the 2nd to the 4th place; Aden has risen
from the 8th to the 5th place; the Western circle has fallen from
the 5th to the 9th place ; and Cutch is again last. The average has
risen in all circles except two, viz., Eastern Guzerat and Western
circles ; in both the decrease is small. The very high average in
Sind is due entirely to the great number of re-vaccinations.
Tours of su-
perintendents
65. In the Central circle I went through the zillahs of'
Poona, Ahmednagar, and Sholápur. I intended to visit Ratnágiri
and Satara, but was called into Bombay on account of the severe
epidemic of small-pox. I inspected the work of all the vaccina-
tors in the Ahmednagar zillah very carefully, and was well
pleased with their work in nearly every instance. In the 3
talukas of Poona which I visited the work was also very good,
and in Karmála taluka of Sholápur zillah it was fair. Dr. Raby's
tour extended through Dharwar and Belgaum zillahs, in which
he examined most of the vaccinators' work, and in Kanara he
saw the work of 5 men. Dr. Cody visited all the zillahs in his
circle, and saw work in 27 talukas. Dr. Colah went through the
whole of his districts except Máhi Kánta, and saw work in
nearly all talukas. Dr. Blomfield visited the 4 divisions of Kat-
tywar, and two talukas of Ahmedabad zillah, but Pálanpur has
not been visited for the last three years. Dr. Blomfield was in
expectation of being relieved of his vaccination duties; had
he thought it likely he should be still in charge of the West-
ern Guzerat circle he would have made a point of visiting
the Pálanpur territory last cold season. Dr. Williams went
through all his districts. He says :—" I need write but a very
" brief account of my tour. I marched up the right bank of
" the Indus, which I crossed over from Thul in Jacobabad to
" Ghotki in the Rohri districts, and then traversed the Hy-
" derabad districts, and the neighbourhood of the Eastern Nara
" as far as Jhooda, when I re-entered Hyderabad by Bago
" Tando and Badin, and then went into the Sháhbandar and
B 106—d
26
" Jerruck divisions of the Kurrachee collectorate. On my way I
" inspected the work in nearly all the talukas. I did not go to the
" talukas of Jacobabad and Kashmor, as there was no work going:
" on in them at the time. I omitted inspecting any portion
" of the work in H. H. Mir Ali Murad's territory."
Aid of civil
and. political
officers.
66. All the superintendents, except one, acknowledge the
aid they have received from the civil and political officers. With-
out their aid and countenance vaccination never could have made
the progress it has done.
67. I will now show the progress in each district, and be
as brief as possible—
Progress in
Presidency
circle.
68. The Presidency circle is in charge of Mr. Anantá
Chandrobá. No change in the staff. There were 17,166 primary
successful vaccinations, or an increase of 4,684 as compared with
the preceding year. This gives 26.6 per mille of population to
19.3 in 1874-75. The number of re-vaccinations increased from
1,562 to 17,027, entirely owing to the epidemic of small-pox caus-
ing people to seek protection. The average number of persons
operated on by each vaccinator is 2,228, or 1,309 above 1874-75
and 233 above the general average. The cost of each success-
ful operation was annas 6-9 to 13-10 in 1874-75. Deaths from
small-pox in the calendar year, 246, or 12 less than in previous
year.
Progress in
Central circle.
69. The Central circle was in my charge during the whole
year. The population is 4,866,162, and the area 28,282 square
miles, exclusive of the cantonments of Poona and Kirkee. There
are 6 assistant superintendents, that is, one for each zillah, except
Satara, which has 2. The number of the vaccinators is the
same as in my previous report, viz., 63. They have each, on an
average, a population of 74,767, and the 20 dispensary officers have
charge of 184,252. The primary vaccinations numbered 138,496,
and of these 135,892 were successful, or 98.2 per cent., which is
1 higher than in 1874-75. This gives 27.9 per mille of popula-
tion successfully vaccinated during the year, or 2.4 more than in
the preceding year. The re-vaccinations rose from 2,001 last year
to 3,317. The average number vaccinated by each vaccinator
was 2,193, or 192 more than in the preceding year and 198 above
the average of the whole presidency. The cost of each successful
vaccination was annas 3-3 to 4-2 in the preceding year. There
were 368 deaths from small-pox, or 204 fewer than in 1874.
Poona collec-
torate.
70. In Poona collectorate the number of primary success-
ful vaccinations was 23 per mille of population, or 3 more than in
the preceding year. The re-vaccinations only reached the insigni-
ficant number of 388. At least 2 more local fund vaccinators
are required for this zillah, because the populations of Haveli and
Bhimthadi talukas are each too great for one vaccinator. By
giving the Khed municipal vaccinator some villages around
Khed town, the taluka vaccinator has been relieved a little. The
small-pox deaths were 186, of which 113 occurred in the city of
Poona ; in the previous year the deaths in this zillah were 129.
27
Ahmedna¬
gar collector¬
ate.
71. Ahmednagar collectorate is well provided with vaccina-
tors, and for the last few years has consequently been making
more progress than the other districts of the Central circle.
There were 34.3 per mille of population vaccinated. The small-
pox deaths were 40, or 18 more than in the preceding year.
Sholápur col-
lectorate.
72. Sholápur collectorate had too few vaccinators, but one
was added during the year, and another has been sanctioned, and
will be appointed on 1st March next. The successful vaccinations
have risen from 25.5 per mille in 1874-75 to 28.9. The deaths
from small-pox were 19, or 10 fewer than in 1874.
Satara collec-
torate.
73. The Satara collectorate had 12 vaccinators, but 2 more
were appointed at the beginning of the year 1876-77. 27.6 per
mille of population were successfully vaccinated, or 0.3 more
than in 1874-75. The deaths from small-pox were 20, or 51
less than in 1874.
Ratnágiri
collectorate.
74. Ratnágiri collectorate has too few vaccinators for the
population, and at least 3 more are required. There were 26.6
per mille of population successfully vaccinated, or 0.7 fewer
than in 1874-75. Each vaccinator vaccinated on an average
2,675, which is the highest average of the circle. The talukas of
Ratnágiri, Deogad, and Dápoli each require a second vaccinator,
which has been represented to the president of the local fund
committee. The deaths from small-pox were 103, or 218 less
than in 1874.
Native States
in Central
circle.
75. The native states in the Central circle are making
progress : there were 28.3 successful primary vaccinations per
mille as compared with 19.1 in the preceding year.
Progress in
the Southern
circle.
76. The Southern circle is in charge of Surgeon Raby.
He has 5 assistant superintendents and 74 vaccinators, or 2 more
than shown in last report. The population in charge of these
vaccinators is 4,601,407: so each has, on an average, 62,181. The
primary successful vaccinations were 116,985, or 24.6 per mille of
population, which is 2.9 more than in 1874-75. The re-vaccinations
numbered 3,425, or an increase of 615 as compared with the pre-
ceding year. The cost of each successful case was 5 annas, or less
by 4 pies than in the previous year. Each vaccinator on an
average operated on 1,658, or 138 more than in 1874-75, but still
337 below the general average. This circle is making progress.
The deaths from small-pox were 1,406, or 186 less than in 1874.
Belgaum col-
lectorate.
77. Belgaum collectorate had 2 more vaccinators than
in 1874-75. There are 12 vaccinators altogether, and each has
an average population of 76,212. The municipal vaccinator of
Gokák was abolished in May 1875 for want of funds, and the
dispensary officer has now charge of the town. The successful
primary vaccinations were 22,464, or 23.9 per mille of population,
or an increase of 7.5. This is very satisfactory, and a further
increase may be expected. The deaths from small-pox were 693
to 537 in the previous year.
28
Dharwar col¬
lectorate.
78. Dharwar collectorate.—No change in the number of
vaccinators. There were 20.7 only per mille of population vacci-
nated—an increase of only 0.5 over the previous year. Progress
in this zillah is slow, but it would be injudicious to unduly press
the unwilling Lingayats. Deaths from small-pox 238 to 485 in
1874.
Kahádgi col-
lectorate.
79. Kaládgi collectorate shows some progress: there were
25.4 per mille of population vaccinated successfully to 21.5 in
1874-75. There were 338 deaths from small-pox, or 52 more than
in the previous year.
Kanara col-
lectorate.
80. Kanara collectorate has in proportion to population the
greatest number of vaccinators of all the zillahs. The successful
vaccinations were 35.9 per mille of population, or a decrease
of 4.4 ; owing to several changes among the vaccinators, the new
hands did not do as much work as the old ones. There were only
137 deaths from small-pox, or 147 less than in 1874.
Native States
in Southern
circle.
81. The native states in this circle are Kolhápur, Sáwant
Wári, and the Southern Marátha States. There was no change
in the number of vaccinators. There were 38,958 successful
primary vaccinations, giving 24 per mille of population. Progress
in these states is very good.
Progress in
the Western
circle.
82. The Western circle is in charge of Surgeon Cody. He
has 5 assistant superintendents, and 51 vaccinators were at work
for the first half of the year and 50 in the latter half. They
have each, on an average, 57,287 of population, and the dispen-
sary officers take charge of 187,693 of a population. The suc-
cessful primary vaccinations were 80,881, and the rate per mille
26, or 1.2 more than in the previous year. There were only 678
re-vaccinations. Each vaccinator on an average operated on 1,607,
or 9 less than in 1874-75 and 388 below the general average.
The cost of each successful vaccination was annas 6-3, or 1-4
above the general average. The deaths from small-pox were 420,
or 169 less than in 1874.
Tanna col-
lectorate.
83. Tanna collectorate.—No change in the staff. The number
of persons primarily vaccinated successfully was 21,301, or 25.1
per mille of population, being 3.3 of an increase over last year.
The re-vaccinations have risen from 88 in 1874-75 to 220. Each
vaccinator's average is 1,632, or 201 above the preceding year, but
363 below the general average. The deaths from small-pox were
286, or 28 above the number in 1874.
Colába
collectorate.
84. In Colába collectorate there were 24.8 per mille of popu-
lation successfully vaccinated, or an increase of 2.7 over 1874-75.
The deaths from small-pox were 73, or 77 fewer than in the pre-
vious year.
Násik col-
lectorate.
85. Násik collectorate had 1 more vaccinator than in the
previous year. He was appointed for the new taluka of Kalwan,
29
so there are now 12 vaccinators in this zillah ; each has an average
area of 598 square miles and 53,919 of population. The primary
successful vaccinations were 17,899, or 26 per mille of population,
being an increase of 3 as compared with the preceding year.
Each vaccinator's average was 1,547, or 38 below the preceding
year. The deaths from small-pox were 39, or 8 less than in 1874.
Khandesh
collectorate.
86. In Khandesh collectorate the number of vaccinators re-
main as in 1874-75. The vaccinations numbered 27,906 success-
ful, or 27.1 per mille of population, which is exactly the same
number as in the preceding year. Only 22 persons are returned
as died of small-pox, or 111 fewer than in 1874.
Native States
in the West-
ern circle.
87. The native states in this circle are Jawhár, Janjira, and
Peint. The number of vaccinators was reduced by 1 in Janjira.
There were 25.8 per mille successfully vaccinated. Progress is
satisfactory.
Progress in
the Eastern
Guzerat cir-
cle.
88. Dr. Colah is superintendent of Eastern Guzerat circle.
There has been no change in the number of vaccinators. The pri-
mary successful vaccinations were 83,906, or 26.6 per mille of popu-
lation. Re-vaccinations numbered 2,191, or a slight increase over
the preceding year. Each vaccinator averaged 1,814, or 58 fewer
than last year. The percentage of success in primary vaccina-
tions was 97.8—a slight improvement on the preceding year. The
cost of each successful case was annas 5-1, or 2 pies of an increase
as compared with 1874-75 and 2 pies above the general average.
The deaths from small-pox are 880, or 407 above the figures of
1874; but it is known the returns include many deaths from
measles.
Surat col-
lectorate.
89. In Surat collectorate there have been no changes in the
staff. There were 24.3 per mille of the population successfully
vaccinated, or a decrease of 1.6 as compared with the preceding
year. The deaths from small-pox were 250 to 316 in 1874.
Broach
collectorate.
90. In Broach collectorate 23.4 per mille of population were
successfully vaccinated, or a fall of 2 as compared with the preced-
ing year. The deaths from small-pox were 17 to 70 in 1874.
Kaira col-
lectorate.
91. In Kaira collectorate there were 27. 5 per mille as
compared with 25.7 of the previous year successfully vaccinated.
600 deaths are returned as from small-pox; but the returns are
wrong, as many deaths from measles are returned as from small-
pox.
Panch
Máháls.
92. In Panch Máháls the progress is very good; there were
38.7 per mille of population successfully vaccinated, or 0.9 less
than in 1874-75. Re-vaccinations have increased from 472 to
1,104. Only 13 deaths from small-pox.
Native
States in the
Eastern Gu-
zerat circle.
93. The native states in this circle are Rewa Kánta, Máhi
Kánta, Cambay, Dharampur, Bansda, and Sachin. There was
no change in the number of the staff, but one vaccinator has been
reduced in Lunáwára, and one more employed in Chota Udepur.
There were 25.7 per mille of population successfully operated on.
Progress is very satisfactory.
30
Progress in
Western Gu¬
zerat circle.
94. The Western Guzerat circle is superintended by Dr. Blom-
field. There was 1 more vaccinator than in the previous year.
Each has now an average population of 65,010. The primary
successful vaccinations numbered 112,241, giving 30.7 per mille
of population, or 17 more than in the preceding year. The re-
vaccinations have slightly decreased. On an average each vac-
cinator operated on 2,188, or 47 more than in 1874-75 and 193
above the general average. The cost of each successful case was
annas 3-9, or exactly the same as in 1874-75 : this is anna 1-2
below the general average.
Ahmedabad
collectorate.
95. In Ahmedabad zillah there was 1 more vaccinator enter-
tained for the Ranpur petha of Dhanduka taluka; each vaccinator
has now an average of 57,808 of a population. There were 27.4
per mille successfully vaccinated to 25.7 of the previous year.
Small-pox carried off 177, or 211 fewer than in 1874.
Province of
Kattywar.
96. In Kattywar the staff remained unchanged. There were
32.9 per mille of population successfully vaccinated, or an increase
of 1.8 over the preceding year. Each vaccinator operated on
2,355 persons on an average, or 360 above the general average; but
8 vaccinators were dismissed for falsifying their registers.
Pálanpur
States.
97. In Pálanpur States there was no change. The number of
successful primary vaccinations per mille of population was 26.6,
or 1.8 above the preceding year.
Progress in
Sind circle.
98. The Sind circle is in charge of Dr. Williams. During
the year there was 1 vaccinator less employed than the sanctioned
strength, and also 1 assistant superintendent less. The number
of primary successful vaccinations were 65,954, or 28.3 per mille
of population—a fall of 10.8 as compared with the preceding year.
This is compensated for by a large increase in the number of re-
vaccinations, which amounted to a total of 87,092 as compared with
48,504 in 1874-75. The percentage of success in re-vaccinations
was 89.6, which is so high as to suggest the idea that many of the
cases were really primary vaccinations, and this remark applies to
other circles. Each vaccinator on an average operated on 3,060
persons, or 270 more than in the preceding year and 1,065 above
the general average, but more than half were re-vaccinations.
The cost of each successful case was annas 3-9 to 4-2 in 1874-75.
48 deaths from small-pox are returned; but the vaccinators and
assistant superintendents report 90 as having occurred; in the
previous year there were 31.
Kurrachee
collectorate.
99. Kurrachee collectorate.—No change in the staff. The
successfully vaccinated were equal to 32.3 per mille of population,
or 8.6 below the preceding year. Only 5 deaths from small-pox.
Hyderabad
collectorate.
100. In Hyderabad collectorate the staff was unchanged. The
successfully vaccinated, equalled 25.4 per mille of population, or 6.4
below the year 1874-75. Small-pox deaths were 7 only.
Shikarpur
collectorate.
101. Shikarpur collectorate.—Staff unchanged. The primary
successful vaccinations were equal to 25.4 per mille of population,
or 10.5 below the previous year. Small-pox only caused 1 death.
31
Thar and
Párkar.
102. Thar and Párkar staff was unchanged. 39.4 per mille of
population were successfully vaccinated, or 15.1 below the preced-
ing year ; but this is still very high. The deaths from small-pox
were 35 to 5 in 1874.
Frontier Dis-
trict.
103. In the Upper Sind Frontier district only 2 of the 3
vaccinators were employed during the year. The number of
primary successful vaccinations equal 19.5 per mille of population,
or 20.2 of a fall as compared with the preceding year. No
deaths from small-pox.
Khairpur
State.
104. Khairpur is the only native state in the Sind circle ; in it
there are 2 vaccinators employed who successfully vaccinated
39.2 per mille of the population, or 29.9 below the previous
year, but still very high. Now that the work here has been so
well carried out for the last two years we must expect the numbers
to decrease.
Progress in
Baroda circle.
105. There has been no change in the staff in Baroda circle,
but 2 extra vaccinators were temporarily employed for a short
time. The successful primary vaccinations were 17.3 per mille
of population, or an increase of 4.1 as compared with the preced-
ing year, and the percentage of success was 0.3 higher. Each
vaccinator on an average operated on 1,679, or 384 more than in
1874-75, but 316 below the general average. The cost was only
annas 3-4 per each successful case, or 10 pies below the former
year.
Progress in
Cutch circle.
106. The progress in Cutch is considerable, and gives promise
of a still further extension of vaccination in H. H. the Rao's
territory. The number of vaccinators was increased from 11 to
12, and the number successfully vaccinated was equal to 9.6 per
mille of population, or 3.9 higher than in 1874-75. Each vaccina-
tor averaged 436 operations, or 161 more than in the preceding
year, but 1,559 below the general average. The cost of each
successful case was reduced from annas 14-8 in 1874-75 to annas
10-11 in the year under report. There is still much room for
progress in all respects here.
Epidemics :
Cholera.
107. Epidemic cholera occurred in many zillahs of this presi-
dency, and to some extent interfered with the vaccinators carrying
on their work. It was considered injudicious to carry vaccinifers
from one village to another during the prevalence of cholera, and
so there was a diminution in the numbers vaccinated during the
prevalence of cholera in a district.
Measles.
108. Measles was also epidemic, and there is not the least
doubt but many deaths from that disease have been returned as
having occurred from small-pox.
Inspection
of dispensa-
ries.
109. Inspection of dispensaries is now one of the duties
of superintendents—
1st.—In the Central circle I inspected the dispensaries of
Talegaon, Khed, Junnar, Sangamner, and Karmála. I
sent my report on each to the Deputy Surgeon-General,
Poona Division.