NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
3 1
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
TABLE XIII.
Results of Dissection of Mosquitoes for Estimation of Filarial Infection—December 1930 to
September 1931.
Months.
M e a n h u m i d i t y
M e a n m a x i m u m t e m p e r a ¬ t u r e i n F .
M e a n m i n i m u m t e m p e r a ¬ t u r e i n F .
D i f f e r e n c e i n a v e r a g e m a x i m u m a n d m i n i ¬ m u m t e m p e r a t u r e i n F .
N u m b e r o f m o s q u i t o e s d i s s e c t e d .
N u m b e r f o u n d i n f e c t e d .
N u m b e r w i t h i n f e c t i v e f o r m s .
I n f e c t i o n r a t e .
P e r c e n t a g e o f i n f e c t i v e f o r m s i n t o t a l m o s ¬ q u i t o e s .
P e r c e n t a g e o f i n f e c t i v e f o r m s i n i n f e c t e d m o s ¬ q u i t o e s .
December 1930
85·3
84
68
16
50
14
. 2
28
4
14
January 1931
79
84·1
65·8
18·3
122
38
11
30
9
28
February 1931
March 1931
78
99·6
72·6
27
196
97
10
48
5
10
April 1931
76
92·7
78·6
14·1
297
109
10
36
3
9
May 1931
70
98·3
81·3
17
194
65
2
33·5
4
3
June 1931
59
100·4
82·4
18
72
27
1
37·5
1·5
4
July 1931
69
94·3
78·4
15·9
441
178
12
40
2·7
7
August 1931
70
95
78·5
16·5
102
27
3
27
3
11
32
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO THE GOVERNMENT
OF MADRAS FOR ME YEAR 1ST OCTOBER 1930
TO 30TH SEPTEMBER 1931.
SUPPLEMENT TO THE REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE,
GUINDY.
(Called for by G.O. No. 142, P.H., dated 22nd January 1930, and G.O. Mis. No. 2516, P.H., dated 8th October 1930.)
I have the honour to report that during the period of 1st October 1930 to 30th
September 1931, 2091 samples were submitted to me for analysis in my capacity
as Public Analyst. Of these 1,777 were submitted under the Prevention of
Adulteration Act by local bodies, four were submitted by local bodies not working
the Act, and 310 consisted of miscellaneous foods and drugs submitted by various
Government hospitals and institutions.
Samples under the Prevention of Adulteration Act .—The distribution and
nature of the samples are shown in Chart A
.
CHART A.
Number.
Name of place.
Total samples.Tot al adul t erat ed. Per cent adul t er at ed.
Ghee.
Milk.
Tea.
C o f f e e .
Tot al .
Adul t e r a t e d. Pe r c e nt a dul t e r a t e d.
Total .
Adul t e r a t e d. Per cent adul t er at ed.
Total.
Adul t er at ed. Pe r c e n t a d u l t e r a t e d .
Tot al .
Adul t er at ed. P e r c e n t a d u l t e r a t e d .
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) (5) (6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11) (12) (13)
(14) (15) (16)
(17)
1 Madras City
883 465 53 424
303
71 63
24
38 137
23
17 116
93
80
2 Calicut
59 17 29 13
6
46
7
4
57 31
7
22
2
3 Coimbatore
77 38 49 20
6
30 17
15
88 16
9
56
3
3
1 0 0
4 Kumbakonam.
56 37 60
8
4
50
11
8
72 19
19
100
5 Madura
125 15 12 50
2
4 55
7
13
5
2
40
4
4
100
6 Mangalore
19
6 31
4
1
25
2
10
5
50
7 Mettupalaiyam
15
8 53
3
2
67
5
2
40
3
2
67
3
3
100
8 Nellore
11
4 36 11
4
36
9 Ootacamund
74 12 16 13
5
4
80 10
3
30
2
10 Rajahmundry.
1 0 1 26 26 82
25
30
2
11 Tellicherry
37 10 27
4
2
50
5
2
40 19
3
16
12 Trichinopoly
102 29 28
9
27
17
63
7
2
2 8
13 Virudhunagar.
40 21 52
14
9
64 15
10
67
14 Vizagapatam.
1 7 8
82 48 51
13
25 74
53
72
4
17
7
41
Total
1,777 770 43 692
368
53 262
128
49 267
72
27 181
139
77
Number.
Name of place.
Butter.
Gingellyoil.
Coconut
oil.
Groundnut
o i l .
Bread.
Fl our.
B r o k e n o r o t h e r w i s e d e f e c t i v e .
Total.
Adul t e r a t e d.
Pe r c e nt a dul t e r a t e d.
Total.
Adul t e r a t e d.
P e r c e n t a d u l t e r a t e d .
Total.
Ad u l t e r a t e d .
Total.
Adul t e r a t e d.
Total.
A d u l t e r a t e d .
Total.
Adul t e r a t e d.
(18) (19)
(20) (21) (22)
(23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32)
1 Madras City
43
10
23 100
12
12
2 Calicut
4
2
3 Coimbatore
3
10
5
50
2
6
4 Kumbakonam
1
17
6
35
5 Madura
3
8
6
Mangalore
3
7
Metupalaiyam
1
8 Nellore
9 Ootacamund
14
7
5
71
1
3
5
6
8
10 Rajahmundry.
6
1
1 7
1 1
11 Tllicherry.
7
3
4 3
1
1
12 Trichinopoly.
10
2
20 46
8
17
3
13 Viradhunagar
8
2
25
3
14 Vizagapatam.
5
1
20 10
8
80
17
Total
76
13
17 218
50
23
3
3
9
6
6 0
35
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO THE GOVT. OF MADRAS
Number and name of place.
Amount of fine
recovered.
RS.
6. Kumbakonam . . .
217
7 . M a d u r a . . .
115
8.
Mangalore
.
.
.
30
9. Mettupalaiyam Union . . .
20
10. Nellore Municipality . . .
20
11.
Ootacamund
.
.
.
10
12.
Proddatur
.
.
.
. . .
13. Rajahmundry . . .
210
14.
Tellicherry
.
.
.
78
15.
Trichinopoly
.
.
.
320
1 6 . V i r u d h u n a g a r . . .
94
17. Vizagapatam
368
Total . . .
3,501
It will be seen that in Coimbatore where substantial, but in my opinion by no
means excessive fines have been inflicted, almost all the municipal contribution
has been recovered, this, in spite of the fact that the number of samples taken
was less than what they are allowed to send. In the Vizagapatam where a full
number of samples has been taken approximately half the municipal contribution
has been recovered, although the average fine amounted to the petty sum of Rs. 5.
Where the whole or nearly the whole of their contribution has had to be borne by
a municipality they have no one to blame but themselves. It seems to me that
when the further extension of the Act, which is now contemplated is made, the
local bodies concerned should be told that their contribution should not be con-
sidered an unavoidable expense but should rather be regarded as a penalty to
which they will have to submit in the event of their not taking full advantage of
the facilities given them by Government and partly maintained out of their
contribution. With proper working of the Act large as well as small vendors
being sampled and proper production of cases before the Magistrates I have little
doubt that the fines realized would more than cover the municipal contributions.
There have been two appeals to the High Court from convictions obtained
under the Prevention of Adulteration Act. The grounds of appeal in both cases
involved technical points connected with the regulations made under the Act.
In one case a ghee merchant (Madras City) who had been convicted of selling
ghee containing a large proportion of foreign fat was successful in his appeal.
In another case the conviction of a dealer (Kumbakonam) who sold "French
Coffee" which was found to contain chicory was upheld. New regulations
which it is hoped will be less liable to misconstruction have been drafted, and
will, it is anticipated, be officially adopted in the very near future.
SAMPLES FROM AREAS NOT WORKING THE ACT.
Four samples, two of ghee and two of coffee powder were received from the
District Health Officer, Kistna. The samples of ghee were adulterated with 70
and 45 per cent of foreign fat. One sample of coffee was genuine and the other
was adulterated with 60 per cent chicory.
MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES.
One hundred and fifteen samples of drugs and prescribed medicines and 195
samples of foods were received from the various Government institutions.
In the case of drugs I allow a tolerance of 10 per cent error in dispensing.
Mixtures in which the error in dispensing an essential ingredient exceeds this
amount are classed as adulterated. Only thirteen samples (11 per cent) were
5 -A
36
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO THE GOVT. OF MADRAS
certified as inaccurately dispensed. This figure shows that there has been a
great improvement since sampling commenced. Thirty-six per cent of the
samples submitted in 1929-30 were condemned.
The food samples consisted of milk, bread, butter, ghee, coffee, tea, sugar
and gingelly oil. Five samples of milk were adulterated with added water vary
-ing from 8 to 40 per cent. Five samples of ghee contained foreign fat in amounts
between 15 and 70 per cent. Two samples of coffee were added with 25 and
27 per cent of chicory. Five sugars were found inferior in quality. Two samples
of gingelly oil consisted entirely of arachis (groundnut) oil while a third
contained 60 per cent arachis. Two butters contained excess water of 7.6 and
18.8 per cent respectively,
KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY,
15th February 1932.
HERBERT HAWLEY, M.SC., F.I.C.,
Public Analyst to the Government.
39
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO THE GOVT. OF MADRAS
a considerable proportion of added water undetectable by the lactometer. Presumably the
sugar was added for this purpose. Two other milks were found to he deficient in milk fat
up to 24 per cent apart from added water, which was present up to 16 per cent. The
vendor who added cane sugar was fined Rs. 10 and the other two Rs. 15 each. Of the rest,
nine were fined from Rs. 15 to Rs. 20 and one case was withdrawn.
Two samples of tea were adulterated with 50 and 40 per cent of imitation tea. The
vendors were prosecuted and fined Rs. 15 and Rs. 10 respectively.
Two butters contained a small excess of water. The vendors were cautioned.
Eight samples of gingelly oil were adulterated with arachis (groundnut) oil in amounts
varying from 15 to 60 per cent. All the vendors were prosecuted and fined from Rs. 5 to
Rs. 25.
Virudhunagar.— Twenty-one samples were certified as adulterated. Nine samples of
adulterated tea consisted entirely of imitation tea. All the vendors were prosecuted. One
was fined Rs. 7 and the cases against eight were withdrawn.
Of the 10 adulterated samples of coffee nine contained chicory in amounts varying from
45 to 95 per cent. One contained 40 per cent of imitation coffee, probably a preparation of
tamarind seed. Seven vendors were cautioned and three prosecuted. Two vendors were
fined Rs. 20 each and one Rs. 7.
Two vendors who sold gingelly oil adulterated with 55 and 35 per cent of groundnut
oil were prosecuted and fined Rs. 20 each.
Vizagapatam.— Eighty-two samples were certified as adulterated. Thirteen samples of
ghee contained foreign fat from 15 to 50 per cent. Two vendors were cautioned and 11
prosecuted. The least and highest fines were Rs. 5 and Rs. 15 respectively.
Fifty-three milks contained added water in amounts varying from 10 to 56 per cent.
Five vendors absconded and one was cautioned. Forty-seven were prosecuted and fined
from Re. 1 to Rs. 5.
Seven samples of coffee were certified as adulterated. Six contained chicory from 40 to
65 per cent. One was a mixture of 25 per cent coffee, 25 per cent of a wheat flour prepara
-tion and 50 per cent of exhausted coffee and chicory. One vendor was cautioned and six
others prosecuted. Of these one was warned by the Court and five others were fined from
Rs. 3 to Rs. 30, the last fine being inflicted on the vendor who sold the mixture described.
Eight samples of gingelly oil were adulterated with arachis (groundnut) oil from 15 to
100 per cent. All the vendors were prosecuted and fined from Rs. 5 to Rs. 25, the last
mentioned fine being imposed on a vendor who sold 100 per cent of arachis (groundnut) oil
as gingelly oil.
Government
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT (PUBLIC HEALTH) DEPARTMENT
G . O . N o . 7 7 9 , 6 t h A p r i l 1 9 3 2
Administration Report—King Institute, Guindy—For the period from 1st October 1930
to 30th September
1931—Reviewed.
READ—the following paper :—
From the Surgeon-General, dated 7th March 1932, No.,333-1 H.
Order—No. 779, P.H., dated 6th April 1932.
R e c o r d e d .
2. Li eut . -Col . H. H. Ki ng, M. B. , B. S. , I. M. S. , cont i nued as Di rect or of t he
Institute until 13th April 1931 when he went on leave for six months and six
days. Duri ng hi s absence on l eave, Dr. C. G. Pandi t , M. B. , B. S. (Bom. ), P. H. D.
(Lond.), D.T.M. and D.P.H. (Eng.), o f f i c i a t e d a s D i r e c t o r . M r . H e r b e r t H a w l e y ,
M . S C . , F . I . C . , t h e P u b l i c A n a l y s t , c o n t i n u e d t o b e i n c h a r g e o f t h e P u b l i c H e a l t h
Section in addition to his wor
k
as Public Analyst.
3. Lymph has been produced very economically and its potency has been
increased considerably. The total number of doses issued was 2,234,070 which
was about the same as in the last three years. The record yield per calf has gone
up from 56 to 75 gms. The case success rate of primary vaccination was 98 per
cent against 96.7 per cent in the previous year and the insertion success rate was
91.6 per cent against 88 per cent. The case and the insertion success rates
obtained in the year under review were the highest on record. This is mainly
due to the increased potency of the lymph. The total number of re-vaccinations
was 479,266. The case and insertion success rates for re-vaccination were 32.8
per cent and 22.5 per cent against 30.7 per cent and 19.7 per cent respectively in the
previous year. The percentage of lymph unaccounted for rose from 6.9 to 7.9.
4. The quantity of cholera vaccine issued during the year was 937,250 doses
which was nearly two and a half times the amount issued in the previous year
. T h e r e w a s a c o n s i d e r a b l e d e m a n d f o r t h e r a p e u t i c v a c c i n e s a l s o . T h e t o t a l
number of Kahn and Wasserman tests was 31,936.
5. The Director of the King Institute has again drawn the attention of the
Government to the unsatisfactory quality of the water supplied to certain munici
-palities and railway stations. He reports that the action taken by the Municipal.
Councils of Adoni and Periyakulam with reference to the recommendations made
in regard to their water supplies has not produced satisfactory results. He points
out that the recommendations made in his previous reports in regard to the water
supplied at the following railway stations have again been ignored:—Dronachalam,
Gudur, Hospet, Narasaraopet, Chingleput Junction, Kumbakonam, Mangalore,
Tanjore Junction, Tiruvannamalai and Chicacole Road. The public health of the
Presidency cannot be safeguarded unless the local bodies and railway authorities
co-operate in carrying out preventive measures. They are therefore requested to
lose no further time in giving effect to the recommendations made by the
Director of the King Institute in his report to maintain the purity of water
supplied to the areas referred to by him.
No. 779, P.H., 6TH APRIL 1932
6. The Madras Prevention of Adulteration Act, 1918, was in force in the
Madras City, 15 municipalities and one panchayat board area. The number of
samples submitted to the Public Analyst was 2,091 of which 1,777 were submitted
under the Act, four were sent by local bodies in whose area the Act was not in
force and the remaining 310 consisted of articles of food and drug received from
Government hospitals and institutions.
7. The largest number of samples was received from the Madras City (883).
A fair number was sent by the municipalities of Vizagapatam (178), Madura (125),
Trichinopoly (102), and Rajahmundry (101). The number received from the munici
- p a l i t i e s o f M a n g a l o r e ( 1 9 ) a n d N e l l o r e ( 1 1 ) , a n d t h e M e t t u p a l a i y a m P a n c h a y a t
( 1 5 ) w a s e x t r e m e l y p o o r . T h e P r o d d a t u r a n d K a r a i k u d i m u n i c i p a l i t i e s d i d n o t
send any samples. In the former case, considerable time was spent in corre
- s p o n d e n c e r e l a t i n g t o t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e w o r k i n g o f t h e A c t . T h e C h a i r m a n ,
Municipal Council, Karaikudi, is requested to report why no samples were sent.
8. Out of the 1,777 samples submitted under the Act, 43 per cent were
adulterated. The percentage of adulteration was the highest in Kumbakonam
(66). Next came Madras and Mettupalaiyam (53), Virudhunagar (52), Coimba
- t o r e ( 4 9 ) a n d V i z a g a p a t a m ( 4 8 ) . S e v e r a l p r o s e c u t i o n s w e r e l a u n c h e d u n d e r t h e
Act by the local bodies. In 371 cases the accused were convicted and fined.
The experience gained during the year shows the necessity for working the Act
more vigorously than hitherto. Local bodies are, therefore, requested to give
their earnest attention to this matter. They should systematically send samples
to the Public Analyst and launch prosecutions in all cases of proved adulteration
of articles of food.
9. The question of a wider application of the Act and the steps to be taken
to bring the Act into more effective operation is under the consideration of the
Government.
(By order of the Government, Ministry of Local Self-Government)
E. CONRAN SMITH,
Secretary to Government.
To the Surgeon-General.
" the Director of Public Health.
" the Sanitary Engineer.
" the Director of King Institute (through the Surgeon-General).
" all Presidents of District Boards.
" all Chairmen of Municipal Councils.
" the President, Panchayat Board, Mettupalaiyam.
" the Accountant-General.
" the Inspector-General of Prisons (through Law Department).
" the Inspector of Municipal Councils and Local Boards.
" Agent, Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway
" Agent, South Indian Railway
" Agent, Bengal-Nagpur Railway
" the Quartermaster-General, 9th Secunderabad Division
, the Consul-General for Netherlands
" the Public Works and Labour Department.
" the Revenue Department.
" the Development Department.
" the Librarian, Legislative Council Library.
Press
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IP/25/KZ.5
REPORT OF THE
KING INSTITUTE OF
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE GUINDY
FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30TH SEPTEMBER 1932
BY
LIEUT.-COL. H. H. KING, M.B., B.S., I.M.S.
Director, the King Institute, Guindy
AND
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST
TO THE GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS
BY
HERBERT HAWLEY, M.SC., F.I.C.
Public Analyst to the Government of Madras
MADRAS
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS
PRICE, 8 an nas]
193 3
CONTENTS.
PART I.—ADMINISTRATION AND ROUTINE WORK
PAGE
Staff
.
.
.
1
Finance
.
.
.
1
Buildings
.
.
.
1
Vaccine lymph . . .
1
Bacterial vaccines and other supplies . . .
2
Bacteriological, chemical and serological examinations . . .
3
Water analyses . . .
3
Investigations outside the Institute . . .
4
Assistance to other departments . . .
5
Di stinguished visitors . . .
5
PART II—RESEARCHES . . .
5
PAPERS PUBLISHED . . .
9
TABLES . . .
10 to 16
SUPPLEMENT—REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO THE GOVERNMENT
OF MADRAS. . .
17 to 24
9
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
the main water-supply at Red Hills could be
treated with copper at a relatively small cost
(Rs. 4,000) and with reasonably good pros--
pects of success in the diminution of the
organic matter in the water. The proposal
was accepted. Ten and a half tons of copper
sulphate were dissolved in the lake. The
improvement was gratifying. The water
became very much clearer and the organic
content decreased for a time to half—thus
the chlorine dose féll from 1.2 parts to 0.6
parts per million.
PAPERS PUBLISHED.
(i) H. H. King.—A note on the Expecta--
tion of the Relative Prevalence of Plasmodial
species when this is based solely on the
relative output of Gametocytes— Indian
Journal of Medical Research, Vol. 19, No. 2,
October 1931, pages 353-356.
(ii)
H . H . K i n g a n d C . G . P a n d i t . —A sum--
mary of the Rat Flea Survey of the Madras
Presidency with a discussion on the associa--
tion of flea species with climate and with
plague—Indian Journal of Medical Research,
Vol. 19, No. 2, October 1931, pages 357-
392.
KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY,
Dated 15th February 1933.
(iii) C. G. Pandit and R. Sanjiva Rao.—
A note on the type of cholera bacteriophage
isolated from cases during a small epidemic
of cholera in Madras—Indian Journal of
Medical Research, Vol. 19, No. 4, April 1932,
pages 1019-1022.
(iv) C. G. Pandit and R. Sanjiva Rao.—
A note on the Antigenic structure of secon--
dary cultures obtained with the three types
of cholera phages and a strain of cholera
vibrio—Indian Journal of Medical Research,
Vol. 19, No. 4, April 1932, pages 1023
- 1 0 2 8 .
(v)
C. G. Pandit, K. P. Menon and Md.
Omar Saheb.—Experiments on protection of
monkeys with Anti-vaccinial serum against
the viruses of vaccinia and variola—Indian
Journal of Medical Research, Vol. 19, No. 4,
April 1932, pages 1185-1192.
(vi) C. G. Pandit and R. Sanjiva Rao.—
An epidemic of jaundice in the Alipuram
Jail, Bellary (South India)—Indian Medical
Gazette, Vol. LXVII, February 1932, pages
77-86.
(vii)
S. R. Pandit and G. S. Wilson
(1932).—The relation between Specific and
Non-specific Agglutination in the Brucella
Group—Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 32, No. 1.
H. H. KING, LT.-CoL., I.M.S.,
Director.
10
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
TABLE I.
Financial Statement of the Kino Institute. Guindy. from October 1931 to September 1932.
Particulars
Receipts or
equivalent
value at
published
rates,
Expendi ture
Particulars.
Receipts or
equivalent
value at
published
rates.
Expend
iture
ESTIMATED RECEIPTS.
RS.
RS.
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE—cont..
RS.
RS.
Bacteriological and chemical examina
tions 47,487 4,39,697
Electric current
15,474
Calf purchase
11,018
Stock bacterial vaccines supplied. c.c. 446,301
62,372
Rates and taxes
3,420
Autogenous-vaccines c.c. 575
5,750
AMOUNT BORNE BY OTHER BUDGETS ON
INSTITUTE ACCOUNT.
Vaccine lymph Cases 2,414,935
150,933
Cholera Bacteriopliage c.c. 98,000
12,250
Serum and special vaccines bought and sup
plied to vernment hospitals and private
bodies, etc. (sera, 40,391 bulbs, special vac
tnes, 996 bulbs) Bulbs. 41,390
87,346
Proportionate cost of management and
supervision by Surgeon-General and his
staff
3,030.
1.
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE.
2.
Cost of audi t on const r uct i on and r epai r s
of buildings and electric installation
165
Salaries, etc.
3. Maintenance charges of buildings and
electric installation
12,605
Salaries, overseas pay, leave salaries, etc.
1,83,785
4. Depreciation and interest charges—
Contingencies.
( a ) Buildings Rs. 20,988
28,198
(b ) Electric fittings and ma
chinery „ 4,834
Salaries of menials
8,517
(c ) Other machinery „ 2,376
Other contingencies
19,437
5. Cost of stationery, clothing and printing.
2,136
Stores.
6. Superannuation allowance and pension
278
Special stores, sera, vaccines, etc.
Total
7,58,348 4,00,313
Sera, etc. Rs. 58,577
78,000
Stores „ 19,423
Estimated net profit
3,58,035
Europe stores
21,157
Customs
13,093
TABLE II.
Type of Vaccination, October 1931 to September 1932.
Type.
Total number of
cases reported.
Percentage of
each type to
total.
Percentage or
each type to
total returns
received.
1. Primary Vaccination
1,331,244
55.1
67.2
2. Secondary Vaccination
33,094
1.6
1.9
3. Re-vaccination
613,309
25.4
30.9
4. Results unknown in 1, 2 and 3
184,266
7.6
5. Total lymph unaccounted for
248,022
10.3