NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
3
6. So far as I know the Vaccinators have conducted their duties satisfactorily
The Vaccinator who has performed the largest number of operations was (General No.
40) Keshew Sudeshew, Assistant Vaccinator.
7. Capillary tubes have been in general use for conveying lymph from place
to place and supplying Vaccinators, and have generally proved successful.
8. Of the total number, 27,753, or 52.4 per centum, were males; and 25,204,
or 47.6 per centum, females.
9. The following table will show the percentage of each caste vaccinated during
the year, as compared with the preceding one : —
Years.
1867
1868
Christian.
0.2
0.3
Hindu.
90.1
88.7
Mussulman.
4.1
4.2
Parsee.
0.1
..
Other
Castes.
5.6
6.9
10. The number of infants operated on is greater in the year under report than
in the former one, being 37.4 per centum for 1868, against 28.8 for 1867. The total
number vaccinated below one year of age is 19,633, and the total above one year 32,324.
So far as I can learn the registers have been well kept; no false entries have been dis-
covered ; and the lymph has been generally good.
11. The following table will show the area and the population of the different
Zillas in the Central Circle:—
Name of Zilla.
Poona ........................................
Ahmednuggur ....................................
Khandeish ....................................
Kulladghee ........................................
Native States. Peint ................................
Akulkote ............................
Area in
square miles.
2,711,333?*
10,414
12,468
12,810
960
Not
Population.
1,093,693
1,252,789
778,112
613,479
26,167
received.
The cost of each vaccination in the different establishments, the Government, Na-
tive States, and Municipalities in this Circle is, so far as I can make out, as follows :
In the Government establishment the cost of each operation is one (1) anna six (6)
pies ; in the Municipal, four (4) annas one (1) pie; and in the establishment of Na-
tive States, two (2) annas eleven (11) pies.
? * Acres.
4
12. NATIVE STATES.—On looking at the table at the beginning of the report it
will be seen that a decrease, though small, has taken place during the year of 66
operations, and the percentage of success has been 93.3, against 84.9 for 1867. The
Vaccinators under Native Chiefs are only two in number in this Circle.
13. After Dr. Turnbull's departure for England on sick certificate, he forwarded
to me the following remarks :—
"1. It gives me much pleasure to be able to report favourably on the vaccine
operations of the past ten months, viz. from the 1st January to the 1st November
of the present year. I had anticipated a decrease, as compared with the preceding
year, the latter having been successful beyond any preceding it. But thus far (1st
November) the returns show an increase over those of the same period in 1867,
and I feel confident that, when the returns for November and December are added,
the increase will be even more marked. The total number of operations for the above
periods of the past and preceding years are :—
1868 .:
1867
Increase in 1868..
43,621
43,649
152
" 2. In regard to the number of operations on infants, the return shows a very
satisfactory increase :—
Number of operations on infants from 1st January to 1st November 1868.
Ditto
do.
do
1867.
Total increase.
16,377
11,732
4,605
" This very large increase is, I think, in a great measure due to the system of
village returns of the unprotected, &c. now in use in the Central Circle. Returns of
this description, but in a very imperfect form, have long been in use in this Circle.
About three years ago, however, observing the very imperfect manner in which these
were filled up when called for, I determined to alter the form, and since then no diffi-
culty has been experienced. In the old form merely the name, surname, and caste were
required to be given, and the village officers contented themselves with merely writing
a few names from memory and sending in the return. Now, however, they are required
not only to give the name, surname, and caste, but they are required to give these
particulars of every child in the village under ten years of age, and also to show in
their respective columns whether the child has "been vaccinated," " had small-pox," or
" is unprotected." When the name of a child has not been fixed, a space for it is to
be left blank. The return may seem complicated, but after three years' experience of
it, I am strongly of opinion that nothing short of calling for the name of every child in
the village, under 10 years of age, will cause village officers to make out lists at all
approaching completeness. These returns collected by the Mamlutdar are transmitted
to me, and having stamped the leaves, and signed each return, I forward them to the
Vaccinator for whom they are intended. By this return the Vaccinator is made
5
aware of the whereabouts of the unprotected children, and by a glance at it, knows
that by going to a certain village, he will meet with a certain number of subjects for
operation.
"3. In some large towns it is especially valuable ; in the town of Parolla, for
instance, in the Collectorate of Khandeish, a return recently received showed the names
of over 1,200 children requiring vaccination. I might mention other instances, but
it is difficult to do so from memory.
" 4. To the use of this amended form I attribute, in great part, the very great
increase in the number of vaccine operations during the past two years, not only the
increase in the total number of operations, but also in the vaccinations performed on
infants ; and in addition to this, the Vaccinators report, unanimously, that but for the
amended form of return, their labours would be much greater, and the results less
satisfactory.
" 5. Above I have shown an increase in the number of operations performed by
the Government establishment, but taking the Circle as a whole, the returns show a
still more satisfactory result. Compared with the same period (ten months) of the
preceding year, the following gives the result :
Establishment.
Government..........
Municipal ............
Native States
........
Grand Total...
Vaccinated in 1867.
Total.
43,469
3,143
1,467
48,079
Successful.
41,697
2,709
1,235
45,641
Under one
year.
11,732
1,357
723
13,812
Vaccinated in 1868.
Total.
43,621
4,776
1,163
49,560
Successful.
41,954
4,177
1,075
47,206
Under one
year.
16,337
1,982
548
18,867
" This table shows that a total increase in the Circle, of 1,481 has occurred ; which,
considering that the increase shown in 1867 over 1866, was more than 9,000 operations,
is very satisfactory. Infantile vaccination has been during the last four years steadily
increasing. The above return shows an increase over the preceding year of no less than
5,055 operations; and a reference to the returns for ten months of 1864 will show that
it is 12,000 more than were operated on in the same period of that year.
" 6.—Municipal Vaccination.
" Vaccination under Municipalities has made very satisfactory progress during the
ten months. As will be seen in the above comparative table there is an increase of no
less than 1 ,635 operations. The Municipalities of Nassick, Kulladghee, Bagulkote, and
Indapoor have entertained Vaccinators for the first time, during the past year.
7
assist him, on a monthly pay of Rupees 6. I also had a meeting at each of the schools,
at the library, &c., and on each occasion took the opportunity of explaining vaccination
to the assembled people. At the library meeting, which was held in the large school¬
house, several essays were read in the vernacular in favour of vaccination. At the termi-
nation I suggested that a paper be circulated in the meeting for subscription in aid of the
library, which was done, and the result was satisfactory; Rupees 52 were subscribed on
the spot, and one gentleman promised to supply a newspaper weekly. If the difficulties
were great in the town, they were no less so in the villages of the Barsee talooka. I
visited a large number of villages, and collected a great number of village officers, and
explained the orders and wishes of Government on the subject of vaccination. But
on the 11th November further work was stopped by an attack of remittent fever,
which totally incapacitated me for work, and I was conveyed to Sholapore, where I
gave over charge of the office to Dr. Miller, 4th Rifles, on the 21st November.
9. During the last ten months every assistance has been given by the Magis-
trates for the extension of vaccination, but especially by Mr. Bell, 1st Assistant Collec-
tor, Poona, whose aid has enabled the vaccinators to carry on operations much more
smoothly, extensively, and satisfactorily than formerly."
SOUTHERN CIRCLE.
Superintendent.—Assistant
Surgeon J. RABY.
Acting Superintendent.—Surgeon
H. DAY, M.D.
Ditto.
—Surgeon Major H. PITMAN.
Establishment—Twenty-two
Vaccinators under Government, twenty-two under
Jagheerdars, and nine under Municipalities.
Population, 4,158,989. Total cost, Rs. 18,717. Average cost of each Vaccina-
tion, 4 Annas.
Establishment.
Government ......
Native Chiefs ...
Municipalities ...
Dispensaries
Kolapore State ......
Years.
1867
1868
1867
1868
1867
1868
1867
1868
1868
Total.
Vaccinat-
ed.
20,979
23,962
13,666
17,783
6,941
9,463
......
175
2,617
Compared with the
preecding year.
Increase.
......
2,983
......
4,117
......
2,528
......
......
....
Decrease.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
Successfully
Vaccinated.
19,868
22,744
13,097
17,068
6,477
9,095
......
138
2,526
Percentage
of Success.
95.1
94.8
95.4
95.9
93.3
96.1
......
78.8
96.5
9
3.—Native Chiefs' Establishments.
The number of vaccinations for the year 1867, exclusive of Sawunt Warree, was
13,666; and in 1868, 17,783, showing an increase of 4,117, of which 95.9 are said
to be successful.
4. Under the "Municipalities" there is also an increase, which is extremely
gratifying, amounting to 2,838, with a still higher percentage of success than is attained
by either Government or Native Chiefs' establishments. This I consider admits of a
ready explanation, both as regards the increase of numbers, and also of success, viz :
1st, the better supervision of their work by some of the Municipalities, who, having
to pay the Vaccinator, interest themselves occasionally in his work ; 2nd, the greater
facilities for keeping up their lymph unimpaired, and may be the greater care taken in
their operations, by reason of the supervision stated.
5.—Dispensaries.
Vaccination in Dispensaries was only commenced in October 1868, at least re-
turns from that date only have been received ; and from nearly all the Hospital Assist-
ants in charge, frequent difficulties in procuring children for operating upon are re-
ported. The truth, I am led to believe, is, that the Hospital Assistants, as a rule con-
sider vaccination foreign to their duties, and therefore that they are not called upon to
go into the town to vaccinate, but only to remain in the Dispensary.
6. In the combined establishments there were 26.5 under, and 73.4 per centum,
above one year.
7. Of the sexes there were males 29,565, to 24,435 females, or 54.7 per centum
of the former to 45.2 per centum of the latter, a result approximating to what ob-
tained in the preceding year.
Comparative Table showing the area and population of each Zillah of the Southern
Circle of Vaccination, and the work performed in each by the Government Estab-
lishment for the year 1868, contrasted with the preceding year.
No.
1
2
3
4
Names of Zillahs.
Belgaum ......
Dharwar ......
North Canara.
Sattara ........
Total...
Number of
Vaccinators.
7
5
3
5
20
Area of Zillahs.
11,814
6,757
4,314
8,349
31,235
Population
of Zillahs.
753,180
734,414
367,582
970,442
2,885,618
Total Vaccinated
in 1868.
7,947
4,447
5,543
6,025
23,962
Average of opera-
tions to each.
1,135
889
1,847
1,205
5,076
Successfully
Vaccinated.
7,674
4,282
5,290
5,498
22,744
Percentage of
Success.
96.5
96.2
95.4
91.2
94.9
Total in
1867.
7,479
3,345
5,359
4,790
20,979
Increase.
468
1,102
184
1,229
2,983
Decrease.
...
...
...
...
...
2v
10
Comparative Table showing the work performed by each Vaccinator entertained by
the Chiefs of the Southern Mahratta Jagheers, and the area and population of
each.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Names of Jagheers.
Sanglee ........
Meeruz 1st ...
Do. 2nd ...
Koorundwar
Elder 1st ......
Koorundwar
Younger 2nd
Moodhole ......
Ramdroog ......
Jumkhundee ...
Bhore ............
Attapadee ......
Jhut
Pulton ........
Savanoor ........
Number of
Vaccina¬
tors.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
Area in
Miles. Population.
1,73,383
70,779
47,060
29,786
22,890
49,829
33,000
1,20,051
1,11,729
58,980
56,845
49,314
8,977
8,32,623
Total
Vaccinated
in 1868.
741
636
338
482
404
450
1,022
423
676
466
880
913
......
7,431
Success-
fully Vacci-
nated.
704
616
296
467
358
438
970
408
667
465
824
857
......
7,070
Percentage
of Success.
95.0
96.8
87.5
96.8
86.1
97.3
94.9
94.4
98.6
99.8
93.6
93.8
......
95.1
Total in
1867.
668
641
289
322
254
564
439
359
642
440
280
851
157
5,906
Increase.
73
95
49
160
150
...
583
64
34
26
600
62
......
1,896
Decrease.
...
...
...
...
...
114
...
...
...
...
...
...
157
271
Comparative Table showing the work performed by each Vaccinator entertained
in Kolapore State.
No.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Names of Jagheers.
Veeshalghur ......
Echulkurnjee ...
Kagul ...............
Gudhinglaz ......
Bowrah ............
Panala ............
Bhooderghur ....
Seerole ............
Torgul
Auzara ............
Total of Kolapore
State
Grand Total ......
Number of
Vaccinators.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
23
Area in
miles.
Popula-
tion.
14,748
43,543
31,287
73,393
29,845
66,463
54,794
1,05,022
21,653
......
4,40,748
1,273,371
Total
Vaccina-
ted in
1868.
1,890
633
749
1,001
1,262
1,117
1,343
652
504
1,201
10,352
17,783
Success¬
fullyVac¬
cinated.
1,843
613
734
956
1,197
1,087
1,323
610
470
1,165
9,998
17,068
Percen¬
tage of
Success.
97.5
96.9
97.9
95.5
95.0
93.9
98.5
90.4
93.2
97.0
96.5
95.9
Total in
1867.
928
979
741
319
1,392
948
1,047
523
883
......
7,760
13,666
Increase
962
......
8
682
......
169
296
129
......
1,201
3,447
5,343
Decrease.
......
346
...
......
130
......
......
......
379
......
855
1,126
11
Municipalities Vaccination Return for 1868.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Months.
January ............
February .........
March .........
April .........
May .........
June .........
July
August .........
September ......
October ............
November.........
December.........
Total 1868, ......
Total for 1867.......
Khana¬
pore.
1
98
109
175
60
89
...
113
97
183
184
69
79
1,256
716
Moon.
2
116
118
123
189
65
84
113
111
101
93
61
72
1,246
937
Kurrar.
3
63
61
62
117
195
79
68
88
118
61
67
66
1,045
589
Kora¬
gaum.
4
83
85
96
200
261
311
251
88
83
81
81
81
1,701
985
Malwa.
5
65
60
60
60
62
61
61
68
66
50
66
75
754
564
Gud¬
duck.
6
61
72
...
190
100
93
90
88
95
...
...
...
789
657
Bel¬
gaum.
7
68
82
94
65
57
42
62
63
78
72
78
69
830
746
Hooblee.
8
129
120
112
163
111
70
75
125
154
121
217
200
1,597
1,375
Malsee¬
rus.
9
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
42
99
104
245
...
Total.
10
683
707
722
1,044
940
740
833
728
878
704
738
746
9,463
6,569
8. In accounting for the increase of vaccinations during the year, it is incumbent
on me to show first the changes, and additions, which have occurred in the different
establishments throughout the year, and to deduct such additions which have tended to
promote the efficiency of the Department, giving to each their due share of impor-
tance, numerically considered, by which the actual result of operations performed by
the establishments as they existed in 1867 will be seen contrasted with 1858. The
additions, then, which have been included in the above return, and which were not in
existence in 1867, or rather were not incorporated in the returns of the Southern Circle,
are—
Number of
Vaccinations.
1st.
2nd.
3rd.
4th.
Kolapore Station .............................................
One Municipal Vaccinator .................................
One Vaccinator for Auzara Jagheer ...............
Dispensaries ...................................................
Total................
2,617
245
1,201
175
4,238
The total vaccinations therefore performed by Vaccinators whose work was in-
cluded in the Southern Circle's Returns in 1867, are 4,238 ; thus leaving an actual
increase still of 8,492.
Of this 8,492, as will be observed, 2,983 fall to the lot of the Government Vac¬
cinators, of the remaining 5,509, the actual increase in the Chiefs' territories, is 2,916,
and the increase under the Municipalities is, therefore, 2,593.
16
WESTERN CIRCLE.
Superintendent—Assistant
Surgeon H. J. BLANC, M.D.
Acting Superintendent—Assistant
Surgeon T. CODY.
Establishment—Fourteen
Vaccinators under Government, two under Native States,
and two under Municipalities.
Population, 1,726,191. Total cost, Rs.
Average cost of each Vaccination (estimate) 2 Annas and 5 Pies.
Establishment.
Government ....
Native States
Municipalities ..
Years.
1867
1868
1867
1868
1867
1868
Total
Vaccinat¬
ed.
37,061
32,342
6,306
5,381
..
410
Compared with the
preceding year.
Increase.
..
..
..
..
..
..
Decrease.
..
4,619
..
925
..
..
Successfully
Vaccinated.
35,907
31,442
5,936
5,083
..
391
Percentage of
Success.
96.8
97.1
..
94.4
..
95.3
The above return shows a large decrease this year in the number of vaccine opera-
tions, though the percentage of success is slightly increased. To account, in some
measure, for this decrease, I may say that one of the Vaccinators (General No. 38)
Babajee Yadew performed fewer operations by 2,000 this year than in the preceding one.
Again, I had to take away another of the men from his work, to join my office, and
consequently the total is less by the amount of work he would have done in the two
last months of the year. These two facts dispose of a good portion of the decrease,
whilst the remainder may be attributed to changing some of the Vaccinators from one
district to another, and the time lost in doing so.
2. The greatest number of operations this year was performed by (General
No. 157) Balloo Chalka, his total amounting to 3,940. I see by the printed report of
vaccination for the year 1867 that Dr. Langley, then Acting Superintendent of Vacci-
nation for the Central Circle, mentions this man as having performed the largest
number of operations for that year in the Tanna Zilla, and also that Dr. Turnbull was
highly pleased with his work. I have every reason to be so too, considering that out of
such a large number of operations, the failures were so few, the percentage of success
being so high as 99.7.
3. I would suggest that this man be rewarded in some manner for his steady and
persevering industry, to encourage him to continue on the same course ; and at the same
time to stimulate others to greater care and perseverance in their work. General
No. 28, Maljee Mulakur, also deserves great credit for the large number of his opera-
tions, 3,354, all of which he reports as having been perfectly successful.
17
4. The following shows the number of each caste vaccinated during the past, as
compared with the preceding year :—
Years.
1867
1868
Christian.
374
441
Hindu.
33,920
28,957
Mussulman.
1,184
1,352
Parsee.
11
26
Other Castes.
1,969
1,564
By this it may be seen that an increase has taken place in the number of children
vaccinated belonging to the Mussulmans and Parsees. Though slight, it may, I think,
be taken as an evidence of these people having a growing tendency to avail themselves of
vaccination. I merely speak from the figures ; for I cannot say that I have personally
witnessed any desire on the part of either class to avail themselves of it, but on the
contrary a steady opposition to any attempts to induce them to accept the operation.
5. The following table will show the total numbers vaccinated in each Collector¬
ate, with its population, and area in square miles :—
Collectorate.
Tanna ......................
Rutnagherry ....................
Years.
1867
1868
1867
1868
Area in
square miles.
9,268
....
....
4,478
Population.
958,398
....
....
607,793
Operations
in
Numbers.
18,515
14,551
18,546
17,991
This table shows a decrease of vaccinations in the Tanna Zillah of nearly 4,000,
while the difference in the Rutnagherry Zillah is not very material.
6. The cost of each vaccination, taking both Zillahs together, and calculating
from the total expense of the establishment, appears to be about 2 Annas and 5 Pies.
Municipal Vaccinators.
7. There were only two Municipal Vaccinators in the Circle who sent me in re-
turns. One was stationed at Oorun, where he was working under the Sub-Assistant
Surgeon attached to the Dispensary, and getting on very well up to the month of Sep-
tember, when he left his employment without giving any reason. The other is sta-
tioned at Panwell, where he does not appear to be doing much good, as the total num-
ber of his operations for the year only reach 63.
3v
18
8. The total number of vaccinations performed by both men only reach 410, and
are arranged below, according to caste, &c.:—
Year.
1868
Christian.
11
Hindu.
369
Mussulman.
29
Parsee.
..
Other
Castes.
1
Total.
410
Percentage
of Success.
95.3
It will be seen that this percentage of success is below that of the Government
Vaccinators. The cost of each vaccination appears to be 1 Rupee 1 Anna and 8 Pies.
Dispensaries.
9. I forward along with this report the different reports I have received from
Dispensaries. The only ones that have reached this office up to the present time are
from Bandora, Coorla, and Alibagh. The total number of operations at these Dispen-
saries was 780, of which there were successful 504 or 64.6 per cent.
10. I have received a number of small-pox returns, from which it appears the
disease was very prevalent during the year, and also very fatal in the Collectorate of
Tanna. The returns give a large number of children as having suffered from the dis-
ease who had been previously vaccinated. As I am inclined to doubt the accuracy of
this statement, I will make further and fuller inquiry into it. In fact, I would have
done so now, but the returns reached this office too late for me to make the inquiry
before making out this report.
Native States.
11. There are two Natives States in this Circle where Vaccinators are employed,
viz., Sawunt Warree and Jowar. In the former the total number vaccinated amounts
to 3,673, of which there were successful 3,430, or a percentage of 93.3. In the latter
the number of operations reached 1,708, of which there were successfully performed
1,653, showing a percentage of 96.7. The cost of each vaccination in the Native
States appears to be about 1 Anna and 10 Pies.
12. Having joined the Department so recently, I am unable to speak from per-
sonal knowlege as to the progress of vaccination in this Circle ; and am compelled to
make this report more meagre in detail than I would wish it to be. I took up the
acting appointment on the 14th October, and took over from Dr. Turnbull some old
records he had belonging to this Circle. In conseqence of its work having been previ-
ously carried on by the Superintendents of the Central and Southern Circles, and there
being no previous Superintendent for this Circle, I had no books or records to con-
sult, nor predecessor to explain how the work should be carried on. Add to this, that
I have no Vaccinator who had ever been in, or was at all conversant with office work,
and of a necessity it will appear that my progress at first must have been rather slow.
However, with the aid of the Superintendent General, I was able to get an office into
some sort of working order, and then started on my tour of inspection.