NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
29
TABLE XII— cont.
Details of Specimens received for Examination in 1929-30,
excluding the work of
investigation units and other Research work—cont.
No.
Description.
Number
examined.
Number
positive.
Remarks.
Streptococcus
...
... 8
Staphylococcus
...
... 5
52 Discharges, pus and other material for identifi-
65
24
B. Col i . . . . . . . . .
4
cation of organisms
...
...
...
B. P yocyaneus
...
... 5
B. Pneumo and M. Cat ar-
r hai l s. . . . . . . . .
2
53
Catgut for sterility test ...
...
...
8
. . .
54
Dog's brain for rabies
...
...
...
1
1
55
Pathological specimens for diagnosis of malig-
nancy
...
..
...
...
35
14
56
Vaccine lymph from Trivandrum, for bacterio-
logical examination
...
..
...
3
. . .
Total
35,873
. . .
TABLE XIII.
Water samples, 1929-30.
No.
Nature of examination.
Source of water.
Presidency
water-
supplies.
Guindy
experimental
filters.
Kilpauk
experimental
filters.
Soil pollu-
tion experi-
ment.
Total.
1 Bacteriological and chemical...
9 0 8
286
4,200
350
5,739
2 Bacteriological only ...
...
. . .
280
10
1,540
. . . 1,830
3 Chemical only ...
...
...
...
19
4
...
...
23
4 For vibrios test only ...
...
...
40
...
...
...
40
5 To determine the presence of sul-
phuretted hydrogen quantitatively
only.
. . .
...
2,400
...
2,400
6 To determine content of dissolved
oxygen only ...
...
...
...
...
...
2,810
. . . 2,810
Total...
1,242
300
10,950
350
12,842
TABLE XI V.
Synopsis of results of examination of water samples.— Most samples were
examined fully chemically and bacteriologically, but the details are not given in
order to avoid taking up too much space. Since on the whole the presence of
lactose fermenters is the most important criterion, it alone is here recorded.
In the columns headed dates and results, first the date of examination is
given and then the minimum number of cubic centimeters of water in which
lactose fermenters could be found. When these were absent in 60 c.c., the
mark > i s w r i t t e n b e f o r e 6 0 t o i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e m i n i m u m q u a n t i t y w a s
5
36
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
TABLE XV.
List of special water samples examined.
No.
D e p a r t m e n t .
Places from which samples taken.
Number of
samples
examined.
1
Sanitary Engineer to Government
...
.. Water-supply investigations at Arkonam,
16
Pollachi, Vizagapatam,
Improvements
(Mehadrigeoa Scheme) Chodavaram, Tod-
hunter Nagar and Engineering College,
Guindy.
2
Public Works Department
...
...
... Polavaram ; General Hospital, Madras ; Medical
10
College, Madras ; and
Hydro-Electrical
Development at Pykara.
3
Fisheries Department ...
...
...
...
....
1
4
Medical
.....
...
...
... Medical School, Tanjore ; Royapettah Hospital,
16
Madras; Headquarter Hospitals, Tanjore and
Guntur.
5
Police
..
...
...
...
...
.. Saint Thomas’ Mount . . .
. .
. .
3
6
Jail ...
...
...
...
...
... Madras Penitentiary and Senior Certified
3
School, Chingleput.
7
Malayan Emigration Depot
...
...
... Melpakkam ...
...
...
...
...
...
3
8
Agricultural Department
...
...
... Chintaladevi Cattle Farm ...
...
3
9
Military
...
...
...
...
...
... St. Thomas’ Mount Cantonment ... . . .
. .
8
10
Local bodies. Madura District Board ...
... Sithayankottai
...
..
...
...
...
1
11
M. & S. M. Railway administration
...
... Perambur
..
...
...
...
...
...
1
12
Indian States
...
...
...
...
... Pudukkottai and Cochin ...
...
...
...
14
13
Dr. Kendrick’s Research. Pollution through Boreholes from Surgeon-General’s Office, King
350
soil.
Institute compound and Kunnathur tube
well.
14
Experimental Filters at Kilpank
...
...
. . . .
5,740
15
Do.
Guindy
.....
. . . .
296
TABLE XVI.
Public Health Section—Miscellaneous Analyses.
(For Foods and Drugs— See Report of Public Analyst.)
Number and description.
Number of
samples
examined.
Number and description.
Number of
samples
examined.
1. Soil from M. & S. M. Railway ...
...
1
6. Alumina Ferric...
...
...
...
5
2. Silt from Kilpauk water works
. . .
1
7. Disinfectants for Rideal Walker Test...
25
3. Bleaching
powder
for available
2
Total ...
37
chlorine.
4. Sand
...
...
...
...
. . .
2
5. Sludge
...
...
...
...
. . .
1
Government
of
Madras
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT (PUBLIC HEALTH) DEPARTMENT
G.O. No. 2300, 18th September 1930
Administration Report—King Institute, Guindy—1929-30—Reviewed.
READ—the following paper:—
From the Surgeon-General, No. 1333-1 Hospls.-30-1-G1., dated 28th July 1930.
Order—No. 2300, P.H., dated 18th September 1930.
Recorded.
2. Lieut.-Col. H. H. King, M.B., B.S., I.M.S., returned from leave and resumed
his duties on the 1st November 1929. During his absence Dr. C. G. Pandit, M.B.,
B.S. (Bom.), PH.D. (Lond.), D.T.M. and D.P.H. (Eng.), officiated as Director. Mr.
Herbert Hawley, M.sc., F.I.C., the Public Analyst continued to be in charge of the
Public Health section.
3. Only a minor change has been introduced during the year under report
in the technique of the manufacture of vaccine lymph, namely, that lymph is now
passed through a continuous and regular sequence of animals, i.e., the rabbit
- b u f f a l o - b u f f a l o - c a l f . R o u t i n e v a c c i n a t i o n w a s s u s p e n d e d i n a l l t h e d i s t r i c t s f o r
four months during the hot weather. The potency and purity of lymph issued
and the average yield of pulp per calf were satisfactory during the year.
4. The total number of doses issued was 2,368,000, which is a record for the
Presidency, and exceeds the issue for the previous year by 104,774 doses. The
increase was due to the larger supplies, made to District Boards and Municipal
Councils and also to other bodies. The percentage of unaccounted lymph was
6.9 against 12.2 in the previous year. The success rate of primary vaccination
was 96.7 per cent against 97.4 per cent last year. The insertion success rate was
88.0 per cent against 89.7 per cent last year, and the fall was due to poor results
obtained in October in a large number of cases. The total number of revaccina-
tions done was 544,979 against 430,922 last year. The case and insertion success
rates were 30.7 per cent and 19.7 per cent against 30.8 per cent and 18.8 per cent
respectively last year.
5. The quantity of cholera vaccine issued during the year was 381,350 doses,
against 1,064,490 last year. The great fall was due to a reduction in the prevalence
of cholera. There was a great demand for other stock vaccines such as Gono-
coccal, Streptococcal, Staphylococcal, Puerperal mixed Streptococcal and B. Coli
vaccines, the quantity manufactured during the year being three times that
manufactured four years ago. The demand for autogenous vaccines also
continued to increase by 20 per cent more than last. year. The number of
Wassermann tests done during the year was 25,098 against 16,081 last year. The
increase was due mainly to the larger number of specimens received from the
venereal departments of the larger hospitals, particularly in Madras, and to the
work done for the Still-Birth Inquiry of the Indian Research Fund Association.
The number of Kahn tests done during the year on specimens on which
Wassermann tests were also done, was 2,715.
2
No. 2300, P.H., 18TH SEPTEMBER 1930
6. Samples of protected water-supplies were again examined and the number
of samples examined during the year amounted to 1,242 against 1,048 last year.
The attention of the Municipal Councils concerned is invited in this connexion,
to the observations made in the report on the condition of water-supply in certain
municipalities, and they are requested to take the necessary steps to remedy the
defects pointed out therein. The water supplied at some railway stations is
reported to be polluted and chlorination has been recommended. Government
trust that this recommendation will be given effect to by the railway authorities
concerned. The Director points out that repeated rec ommendations by him in
respect of the supplies at the railway stations of Arni Road, Chingleput, Tanjore,
Mayavaram and Tiruvann āmalai have been ignored. The Agent, South Indian
Railway is requested to see that steps are taken to give effect to the recommend-
ations in respect of these important stations.
7. The investigation units attached to the institute continued to do valuable
work in the surveys of rat flea, filariasis and other special investigations. The
Institute carried on experiments on soil pollution in connexion with the Ankylos-
tomiasis Campaign in Madras. It is reported that the following places, viz.,
Coimbatore municipality and Jail, Ootacamund, Coonoor and Dindigul munici-
palities were visited in connexion with the water survey tour projected in 1927.
No detailed information in regard to the progress made in the survey has,
however, been given. Government are glad to observe that the Director is able
to testify to the zeal and energy of his staff.
(By order of the Government, Ministry of Public Health)
HILTON BROWN,
Secretary to Government.
To the Surgeon-General.
„ the Director of Public Health.
„ the Sanitary Engineer.
„ the Director of King Institute, through the Surgeon-General.
„ all Presidents of District Boards.
„ all Chairmen of Municipal Councils.
„ the Accountant-General.
„ the Inspector-General of Prisons, through Law (General) Department.
„ the Public Works and Labour Department.
,, the Revenue Department.
„ the Development Department.
„ the Agent, Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway
„ the Agent, South Indian Railway (with C.L.).
„ the Agent. Bengal-Nagpur Railway
„ the Inspector of Municipal Councils and Local Boards.
„ the Quartermaster-General, 9th Secunderabad Division (with C.L.).
„
Consul-General for Netherlands ( w i t h C . L ) .
Press.
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF MADRAS GOVERNMENT
P U B L I C A T I O N S .
IN INDIA .
The Superintendent, NAZAIR KANUN HIND PRESS, Allahabad.
M. C. KOTHARI, Bookseller, Publisher
, and Newspaper Agent, Raopur Road,
Baroda.
R. SUNDER PANDURANG, Kalbadevi Road, Bombay.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA SONS & Co., Bombay.
THACKER & Co.(LTD.), Bombay.
THE BURMA BOOK CLUB (LTD.), 240-A, Merchant Street, Rangoon Burma.
THE BOOK COMPANY, Calcutta.
BUTTERWORTH & Co. (LTD.), 6, Hastings Street, Calcutta.
R. CAMBRAY &. Co., Calcutta.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., 3 Esplanade East, Calcutta.
SHRI SHANKAR KARNATAKA PUSTAKA BHANDARA, Malamaddi, Dharwar.
RAMAKRISHNA & SONS, Lahore.
THE UPPER INDIA PUBLISHING HOUSE (LTD.), Lucknow.
CITY BOOK COMPANY, Post Box No. 283, Madras.
The Superintendent, DIOCESAN PRESS, Vepery, Madras.
HIGGINBOTHAMS (LTD.), Mount Road, Madras.
THE LAW BOOK DEPOT (LTD.), 15 and 16, Francis Joseph Street, Madras.
S. MURTHY & Co., Madras.
G. A. NATESAN & Co., Madras.
P. R. RAMA IYER & Co., Madras.
P. VARADACHARI & Co., Booksellers, 8, Lingha Chetti Street, Madras.
S. VAS & Co., Madras.
NIVASARKAR, Manager, "Hitawada," Nagpur.
THE THEOSOPHICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE, Adyar (Madras).
THE UNIVERSAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, Bezwada (Madras)
.
E. M. GOPALAKRISHNA KONE, Pudumantapam, Madura (Madras).
THE MODERN STORES, Salem (Madras).
THE SRIVILLIPUTTUR CO-OPERATIVE TRADING UNION (LTD.), Srivilliputtur
(Madras).
S. KRISHNASWAMI & Co., Teppakulam Post,Trichinopoly Fort (Madras).
IN STRAITS SETTLEMENTS.
THE FEDERAL RUBBER STAMP Co., Penang.
NOTICE.
Official publications may be obtained in the United Kingdom
either direct from the office of the High Commissioner for
Indi a, 42, Grosvenor Gar dens, London, S. W. 1, or t hr ough any
bookseller.
IP/25/KZ.5
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST
TO THE GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS
FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31ST MARCH 1930
(Issued as a Supplement to the Report of the
King Instituate, Guindy)
BY
HERBERT HAWLEY, M.Sc., F.I.C.
Public Analyst to Government
MADRAS
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS
1931
P R I C E , 3
a n n a s
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST
TO THE GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS
FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31ST MARCH 1930
(Issued as a Supplement to the Report of the
King Institute, Guindy)
BY
HERBERT HAWLEY, M.Sc., F.I.C.
Public Analyst to Government
MADRAS
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS
1 9 3 1
2
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO GOVERNMENT
In the case of Madras City, my appointment is definitely temporary and for
a period of two years, during which period I am to train a suitably qualified
chemist (appointed by the Corporation) to act as their Public Analyst. While
under training he will assist with the analysis of samples and at the end of his
time, if he Shows sufficient competency, he will assume independent responsibility
as Public Analyst for the City. During this period the Corporation of Madras
are to pay Rs. 5,000 annually to Government.
In the case of the other local bodies no time limit has been fixed. The
agreement in each case is that each of the areas to which the Act has been
extended shall pay Rs. 720 per annum and shall be allowed to submit a maximum
of 15 samples monthly. Samples in excess of this number are to be paid for at
the rate of Rs. 7 per sample.
My duties (G.O. No. 645 P.H., dated 19th March 1930) also include
—
(a) The analysis of foods supplied to Government Hospitals and Institu
- t i o n s . T h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e s e s a m p l e s a r e e x a m i n e d i n c o n n e x i o n w i t h t h e a n n u a l
fixing of contracts when the contractor's specimens are sent to me for examination
and report. In addition, samples are sent to me at intervals throughout the year
to ensure that the standard of the contract sample is maintained.
(b) Analysis of drugs and prescribed medicines sent to me by officers
in charge of hospitals and dispensaries and by inspecting medical officers on tour.
General instructions for such samples to be submitted were issued by Major
- G e n e r a l M e g a w w h e n h e w a s S u r g e o n - G e n e r a l a n d a r o s e f r o m h i s o b s e r v a t i o n
when touring that many of the medicines prescribed (particularly quinine mixture)
were grossly under strength.
Samples under the Prevention of Adulteration Act.
Ninety-eight samples taken under the Act were received during the year
under report. The small number is accounted for by the fact that samples were
only received during the last four months of the year from Ootacamund and for
shorter periods from other municipalities.
The numbers received from each municipality were
—
Ootacamund. (First samples received on 3rd December 1929) . . .
26
Vizagapatam. (Do. do. 27th January 1930) . . .
23
Coimbatore. (Do. do. 31st do.
1930) . . .
23
Trichinopoly. (Do. do. 7th February 1930) . . .
14
Guntūr. (Do. do. 28th do. 1930) . . .
12
Total . . .
98
The samples consisted of
Ghee ... ... ...
37
Milk and buffalo milk ... ... ...
31
Tea ... ... ...
5
Butter ... ... ...
6
Coffee ... ... ...
2
Bread ... ... ...
9
Tea and coffee decoctions.
3
Flour ... ... ...
4
Gingelly oil ... ...
1
Total ...
98
Twenty-four samples (24.5 per cent) were certified as adulterated.
In view of the small number of samples, I do not think any valuable conclu
sions could be drawn from comparisons of the proportion of adulteration in
different municipalities or in the various food-stuffs sampled. I hope that in
future reports such comparisons will be possible.
4
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO GOVERNMENT
In the case of drugs I allow a tolerance of 10 per cent error in dispensing.
Mixtures in which the error in dispensing an essential ingredient exceeds this
amount are classed as adulterated.
Breads are sent to me for examination by hospitals, etc., in accordance with
the instructions laid down in the Surgeon-General's circular No. 19-Bud.-2
6,-dated 1st February 1926. This circular was issued following the very unsatisfac--
tory results which I obtained on the analysis (on the instruction of Major-General
Symons) of a series of samples of bread supplied by contractors. I found that a
large proportion of the samples contained alum, which is added to enable a bread
of good colour to be obtained from inferior flour. Other samples gave very high
figures for acidity pointing to sour flour having been used. The Surgeon-
General's circular prescribes that the bread supplied to hospitals shall be (i) free
from alum, (ii) that the acidity (in terms of Normal acid per 100 grammes of dry
bread) shall not exceed three units and (iii) that the ash insoluble in acid shall
not exceed 0.1 per cent (this is a limit for sand and grit). Since the issue of this
circular there has been a great improvement in the quality of bread supplied by
contractors. During the year under report alum has not been detected in any of
the samples. The 29 samples classed as adulterated gave an acidity in excess of
the prescribed limit, but the excess was in the great majority of cases quite small
and there is further evidence of a progressive improvement which is brought out
by the following figures:
—
During 1929, of 17 samples examined 10 contained excess acid, the acidity in 5 cases
exceeding 4 units.
During 1930, of 64 samples examined 19 contained excess acid, the acidity in only
3 cases exceeding 4 units.
The adulterations of the three samples of butter reported adulterated
consisted of excess of water.
9
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO GOVERNMENT
SCHEDULE.
Form of certificate.
I, the undersigned, public analyst for the , do hereby
certify that I received on the day of 193
from †a sample of for analysis (which then
weighed ‡) and have analysed the same and declare the result of my analysis to
be as follows:—
I am of opinion that the same is a sample of genuine or
I am of opinion that the said sample contained the parts as under, or the percentages
of foreign ingredients as under :—
§ Observations.
Signed this day of 193.
A.B.
In the case of a certificate regarding milk, butter, ghee or any article liable to decompo
-sition, the analyst shall specially report whether any change had taken place in the constitution
of the article that would interfere with the analysis.
• Here insert the name of the person submitting the article for analysis.
† Here insert the name of the person delivering the sample. If the sample is received by post or by railway,
entry should be made accordingly.
‡ When the article cannot be conveniently weighed, this passage may be erased or the blank may be left unfilled.
§ Here the analyst may insert at his discretion his opinion as to whether the mixture (if any) was for the purpose
of rendering the article potable or palatable, or of preserving it, or of improving the appearance, or was unavoidable,
and may state whether in excess of what is ordinary or otherwise, and whether the ingredients or materials mixed
are or are not injurious to health.
11
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX C.
Regulations under section 20 (c) of the Madras Prevention of Adulteration Act, 1918.
1. Every utensil or vessel used for manufacturing, preparing or keeping any food
intended for sale shall be kept at all times in good order and repair and in a clean and
sanitary condition. No such utensil or vessel shall be used for any other purpose.
2. No person shall use for manufacturing, preparing or keeping any food intended for
sale, any utensil or vessel which is imperfectly enamelled or imperfectly tinned or which is
made of such materials or is in such state as to be likely to injure such food or render it
noxious.
3. Every utensil or vessel containing any food intended for sale shall at all times be
either provided with a tight fitting cover or kept closed or covered by a properly fitting lid or
by a close fitting cover of gauze, net or other material of a texture sufficiently fine to protect
the food completely from dirt and flies and other insects.
4. No utensil or vessel used for the manufacture or preparation of, or containing any food
intended for sale shall b e kept in any place in which such utensil or vessel is likely by
reason of impure air or dust or any offensive, noxious or deleterious gas or substance or any
noxious or injurious emanation, exhalation or effluvium, to be contaminated and thereby
render the food noxious.
5. Whoever commits a breach of any of the above rules shall be punishable with fine
not exceeding rupees one hundred in the case of a first offence and rupees five hundred for
every subsequent offence.
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST TO GOVERNMENT
APPENDIX D.
Regulations under section 20 ( d) of the Madras Prevention of Adulteration Act, 1918.
1. Every advertisement and every price or trade list for an article of food which contains
an addition, admixture or deficiency shall describe the food as containing such addition,
admixture or deficiency and shall also specify the nature and maximum amount of such
addition, admixture or deficiency. No such advertisement or price or trade list shall contain
any words which might imply that the food is pure.
This rule shall apply only to vendors of articles of food carrying on business in an area
to which the Madras Prevention of Adulteration Act, 1918, applies.
2. Every package, receptacle, vessel or parcel containing a food which is not pure by
reason of any addition, admixture or deficiency shall be labelled with an adhesive label,
hereinafter referred to as the declaratory label, which shall be in the form and contain the
information indicated in the label printed in the schedule to these rules. Such information
shall be printed in black type upon a white ground in the centre of the declaratory label,
and nothing else shall be printed on the declaratory label, except the name of the food, the
nature of the addition, admixture or deficiency, and the maximum amount per cent of such
addition, admixture or deficiency. The declaratory label shall be clearly visible to the
purchaser and shall measure at least four inches by four inches.
3. The declaratory label shall be printed in English and in the chief vernacular
language of the district in which the food is sold or offered for sale.
4. Unless the vendor of a food containing an addition, admixture, or deficiency, knows
personally that the purchaser is able to read and understand the declaratory label, he shall
give to the purchaser the information contained in the declaratory label by word of mouth,
at the time of purchase.
5. Whoever commits a breach of any of the above rules shall be punishable with fine
not exceeding rupees one hundred in the case of a first offence and rupees five hundred for
every subsequent offence.
SCHEDULE.
Declaratory Label.
This
(a )
contains an admixture of not more than
( b ) per cent of
( c )
(a) Here insert the name of the food.
(b) Here insert the maximum amount of adulterant which may be present, or the maximum amount of any
deficiency.
(c) Here insert the name of the adulterant, or the name of the ingredient which is deficient.
Where the context demands it the words "contains an admixture of "shall be replaced by the words "contains
an addition of" or "is deficient in."