NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
. 1-8
[Outward-bound regulation 1,
(7) " Surveillance " means that the persons subjected to
it .will not be isolated ; they will at once obtain
free pratique, but will be kept under medical
supervision.
(8) " Infected " used with reference to a vessel denotes
any vessel with plague on board, or on board
which one or more cases have taken place within
twelve days.
(9) " Suspected " used with reference to a vessel denotes
any vessel on board which there has been a case of
plague at the time of departure, or during- the
voyage, but on which no fresh case has occurred
for twelve days.
(10) " Healthy " used with reference to a vessel denotes
any vessel which has come from, or which during
the voyage bas touched at, an infected port, but
which has had no death, or case of plague on
board, either before departure, during the voyage
or on arrival.
1. No vessel bound for Burma, Aden, Perim or any port
out of iridia shall commence her voyage from any such port
in the Madras presidency, until she has been inspected by
the health officer of the port, and the master or person in
charge of such vessel has obtained from such officer a bill of
health or certificate in the form annexed as appendix C, that
the officers and crew of, and also the passengers if any by,
such vessel have been medically examined by him by clay on
shore before sailing and that all are free from plague, and,
further, that the bedding and personal effects of the crew and
of all the passengers below the second class have been dis-
infected by day on shore, before being put on board, to the
satisfaction of the port health officer and in accordance with
the instructions as to disinfection contained in the circular
issued by the Sanitary Commissioner.
a 2. In the case of a vessel bound for Burma, Aden, Perim
or any port out of India that has called at any such port in
the Madras presidency in the course of her voyage, the
inspection with reference to such vessel by the port health
officer may be limited to the medical examination* on shore,
a As amended by notitication No. 27, published in the Fort St. George Gazette of
4th March 1902, part 1, page 255 ; notification No. 49, published in the Fort St. George
Qazetie of the 3rd June 1902. part I, page 555.
* A certificate in the form annexed as appendix B by a commissioned medical
officer appointed for this purpose, and dated not more than 12 hours before the
departure of the vessel, shall bo accepted in lieu of examination of passengers of che 1st
and 2nd classes by the port Health officer at an uninfected port. Such certificate shall
be annexed to, and form part of, the bill of health.
19
Outward-bound regulation 3.]
prior to embarkation, of such members of the crew or passen-
gers as intend to embark in such vessel at the said port,
coupled with the disinfection, as aforesaid, of the bedding and
personal effects of the same persons below the second
class
and the form of bill of health under thisregulation will be as
given in appendix D.
Provided (1) that, if any port in the Madras presidency
becomes infected with plague, any vessel calling thereat, arid
bound for Burma, Aden, Perim or any port out of India, shall
have no communication with such infected port except under
such precautions as the Government may prescribe or the
port health officer thinks necessary.
Provided (2) that all vessels shall be inspected by the port
health officer at the last port of call prior to proceeding to
any port out of India, including Burma, Aden and Perim.
3. In the case of any vessel bound from any port in
the Madras presidency, uninfected with plague, to any port in
India, excluding Burma, Aden and Perim, the medical examin-
ation of the vessel, crew and passengers and the disinfection
of their bedding and personal effects, above prescribed, shall
not be carried out.*
Provided that, if any port in the Madras presidency
becomes infected with plague, the same rules with regard to
medical inspection and disinfection as are above prescribed
for vessels proceeding to ports out of India shall be enforced
in the case of vessels proceeding to ports in India.
4. In the case of vessels of the Royal Navy and foreign
vessels of war, the individual inspection of all officers, men,
crew and of the persons on board, if any, may be made just
before the vessels start by the Naval medical officer on board
in the presence of the health officer of the port, who shall
countersign the Naval medical officer's certificate, if he is able
to do so.
5. All vessels belonging to the Ceylon Government which
may leave ports in the Madras presidency with emigrants
for Ceylon shall be exempted from medical inspection and
disinfection of bedding, etc.
* This rule does not apply to vessels bound out of India vhich call n t one or mors
Indian ports in the corneo of their voyage,
20 [Outward-bound regulation 6.
6. No person shall be allowed to embark on board a vessel
leaving any place on the East Coast of India south of Madras,
or Mangalore, or any place on the West Coast of India south of
Mangalore, for any place on the coast of the northern province
of the island of Ceylon, or any island adjacent thereto, or on
the west coast of the island between Colombo and the south-
ern limit of the northern province, or any island adjacent
to such west coast. Nor shall any Asiatic or African
passenger be permitted to embark on board a vessel bound
for a port in Ceylon at any port in the Madras presidency
where an officer of the Ceylon Government is stationed for
the purpose of regulating emigration unless he holds a permit
to land in Ceylon granted by the said officer of the Ceylon
Government.
7, (a) Should the health officer of the port consider that
any passenger examined in accordance with these regulations
is suffering from plague or suspected plague, or is not free
from the infection of the plague, he shall prevent such person
and his or her relatives and non-medical attendants from
embarking, and their baggage and personal effects shall not
be allowed on the vessel and, if already placed on board, shall
be removed as early as possible.
(6) Should the health officer of the port consider that
any member of the crew or passengers already on board of
the vessel is suffering from plague or suspected plague, or is
not free from the infection of the plague, he shall prevent
such person from sailing on such vessel and shall refuse to
give the bill of health, unless and until the baggage and
personal, effects of such person have been removed from the
vessel and such parts of the vessel us have been occupied or
frequented by such person shall have been disinfected to the
satisfaction of the port health officer, and all such procedure
and precautions taken as regards the disinfection of the vessel
shall be noted in the bill of health. The baggage and personal
effects also of such persons as wore in immediate contact with
such infected case shall, according to the discretion and under
the supervision of the port health officer, be disinfected, and
the names of those persons shall be given to the vessel's
surgeon or the master or person in charge of the vessel for the
supervision of the voyage.
(c) All persons so removed or prevented from sailing
shall, at the discretion pi; the port health officer, in accordance
with the requirements of individual caaes, be detained in a
hospital or isolation camp or other place, or be placed under
21
Outward-bound regulation 8.]
surveillance; and such persons as are detained in a hospital-
or isolation, camp or other place shall not leave it until the
chief medical officer present at the spot shall have certified
that they are free from the infection of the plague.
(d) All contaminated or suspected articles shall be
thoroughly disinfected on shore under the supervision of the
port health officer in the manner prescribed in the Sanitary
Commissioner's circular.
For the purposes of this rule the term " relatives " shall
mean such relatives as have been living with, or have been,
in the opinion of the port health officer, in dangerous com-
munication with, the infected case for any time within the
eleven days immediately preceding the discovery of the case
at the medical examination held under these rules.
8, After the master or person in charge of the vessel has
obtained a bill of health under the provisions of these rules,
no cargo * or goods of any kind shall be embarked or dis-
embarked before the vessel leaves the port unless such vessel
is again inspected by the port health officer and another bill
of health obtained from such officer by the master or person
in charge of the vessel, and no person shall be permitted to
embark who has not been examined as required.
9. Vessels not leaving port before 6 A.M. of the day follow-
ing the medical inspection may not leave without reinspection
and the grant of a fresh bill of health. Such reinspection
may be conducted on board.
10. If there are on board a vessel which is not "infected,"
" suspected " or " healthy," passengers or crew who have
within the preceding ten days been in an infected area, the
port health officer shall, when the destination of the passenger
or the port of visit of the crew is within the Madras presidency,
issue a passport to each individual concerned, if one be not
already in his possession, advise the fact to the next port
health officer by the quickest safe method and also note it ou
the bill of health.
11, No port clearance shall be delivered to any vessel
bound from any such port in the Madras presidency to Burma,
Aden, Perim or any port out of India until the master or
person in charge of the vessel shall produce a bill of health or
certificate obtained as aforesaid, provided that the Customs
officer may entrust the port clearance to the port health
* Mail bag's are included in " cargo " under this regulation.
22 [Outward-bound regulation 12.
officer for delivery by him to the master or person in charge
with the bill of health.*
12. Any person disobeying or contravening any of the
foregoing regulations shall be deemed to have committed an
offence punishable under section 188 of the Indian Penal Code
and shall be liable on conviction to be punished with imprison-
ment of either description for a term which may extend to six
months or with fine which may extend to one thousand
rupees, or with both.
* If any port in the Madras presidency becomes infected with plague, this rule
applies also to vessels leaving such port for any port in India.
23
APPENDIX A.
Health officer's Certificate.
[See regulation 11 on page 11.]
day of 190 .
I hereby certify that I have examined the vessel
, of
, now lying in the port of
, and that I find
that she is
(a) " infected " with plague,
(b) "suspected," or
(c) " healthy "
(as the case may be), or
(d) that she has on board
persons (passengers and crew)
no
who have been in an infected area within the last ten days,
Port health officer.
APPENDIX B.
Health officer's Certificate.
[See regulation 15 on page 13.]
I hereby certify that the master of the vessel
, which is
classed under the regulations for the inspection of inward-bound vessels
under the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, as " infected," has complied
with the requirements of these regulations to my satisfaction and the
vessel
may therefore, within the limits of this port, be
permitted the privileges of a " healthy " vessel.
Date
Port health officer.
APPENDIX C.
Bill of Health.
[See regulation 1 on page 18.]
This is to certify that the
sailing under the
flag and under the command of
as master
of
tons, bound for
with a crew of
persons *
and
passengers, and laden with a cargo of
is at the
time of leaving this port in a satisfactory sanitary condition, and that
no case of bubonic plague" exists among her officers, passengers or
* Including master, mates, engineers, apprentices and private servants when the
latter are not mentioned in the ship's articles.
24
crew, all of whom have been inspected by me [and that the bedding
and effects of passengers below the second class and of members of the
crew who have embarked from this port have been duly disinfected"].*
‡ There are
persons on board who have been in an
infected area within the preceding ten days, all of whom are protected
by a passport.
It is further certified that the town and port are at present free
from plague.
Date
Port health officer.
APPENDIX D.
Bill of Health.
[ See regulation 2 on page 19.]
This is to certify that 110 case of bubonic plague exists among any
of the passengers or crew embarked at the port of
on board
the
ship/steamer
under the command of
as
master bound for
, and that the bedding and effects
of such passengers below the second class and of such members of the
crew have been duly disinfected.
t There are
persons on board who have been in an
infected area within the preceding ten days, all of whom are protected
by passports.
It is further certified that the town and port of
are
at present free ‡ from plague.
Date
Port health officer.
APPENDIX E.
Health Certificate.
[See note * on page 18.]
I do certify that I have examined
, who is
personally known to me (or whose identity has been proved to my
satisfaction) a passenger on the vessel
not more than
twelve hours before the departure of the vessel from the port of
, and find him in good health, except as noted in the
margin, and free from any symptoms of bubonic plague.
(Rank)
(Official designation.)
* This clause is necessary only when the vessel is bound for ports in Burma or out
of India direct or leaves an infected port.
† This clause is necessary only when the vessel is neither "infected," " suspected,"
or " healthy."
‡ Or as the case may bo.
REPORT ON VACCINATION
FOR THE
PROVINCE OF OUDH,
1872.
LUCKNOW :—Printed at the OUDH GOVERNMENT PRESS.
No. 2657.
FROM
THE OFFG. SECY. TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER,
OUDH.
To
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF VACCINATION,
OUDH.
Dated Lucknow, the 29th May 1873.
SIR,
GENL. DEPT.
I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 1305,
dated 21st instant, modifying the remark made in the 1st para. of your
Vaccination Report for 1872-73, regarding the procedure said to have
been adopted by District Officers during the preceding year to compel
persons to be vaccinated.
2. In reply, I am directed to observe that you had hardly returned
to your post from furlough before you requested that the system which
had been introduced at the instance of your locum tenens might be discon-
tinued, and your request was complied with.
3. During the year, under review, vaccine operations diminished by
one half; and you ascribed this to the fact that, in the previous year,
district officers acted tyrannically and illegally by arming vaccinators with
parwánáhs ; and, in some cases, giving them a revenue peon to compel the
people to subject their children to vaccination.
4. On being called on to name the officer or officers who had done
this thing, you say that it may be presumed that this was the course of
procedure.
5. The Chief Commissioner altogether objects to this presumption
on your part that your brother officers had acted in the way you describe,
in order to account for the short comings apparent in the Department
under your control.
6. Moreover, as a matter of fact, Sir George Couper, can see little
difference between the parwánáh which you " presume" the Vaccinator was
armed with during the previous year; and the certificate with which you
yourself armed your Vaccinators. A village Head-man in all probability
would be unable to discriminate between the two.
7. The Chief Commissioner considers that the falling off in the
numbers vaccinated during the past year demonstrates that the measures
adopted during the previous year were successful as far as mere numbers
were concerned. The objection to them was that the Vaccinators could
not remain long enough in one spot to watch the result of their operation
( 2 )
and obtain fresh supplies of lymph. And it was thought that, with regard
to these considerations, efficiency might have been sacrificed to numbers.
And it is so far satisfactory, indeed the only satisfactory feature in this
report, that what has been done this year appears to have been done well.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
H. J. SPARKS,
Offg. Secy. to the Chief Commissioner, Oudh.
Report on Vaccination in Oudh during the
season 1872-73.
Following the order of the prescribed Tabular Statements appended
I proceed to remark on.
No. I.
Amount of work done.
Mode of procedure
1871-72.
This statement, column 5, shows that, with a staff of Vaccinators one
less, the number of vaccinations fell off from 37,255 to 19,170. The only
explanation I can give of this is that in the previous season the number
of operations was either exaggerated or many of them were done under
compulsion, and there is ground for suspicion that the decrease may be
in part due to both causes. The system was as follows in 1871-72. Three
Vaccinators were sent to each district, one of whom marched about with
the Settlement Officer's camp and the other with that of the Deputy
Commissioner. In neither case could the peripatetic Vaccinator ascertain
the result of his work properly, nor could the Native Superintendent,
whose business it is to do so, check the quantity recorded. Under these
circumstances of course the Vaccinator would take the most favorable
view he could imagine possible in recording his work. Besides " parwá¬
náhs" were granted to Vaccinators by the District Officers, by whom they
were also commended through Tahsíldárs and other people of local influ-
ence to the Head men of villages, and the usual procedure may be presumed
to have been as follows. The Vaccinator, armed with his " parwánáh" and
frequently having a revenue peon to support him, would go to the Head-
man of a village and present his credentials ; whereupon the Head-man
would, if a loyal subject, order out all the children especially those of the
Pasís, on whom, amid some degree of indignation on the part of the mo-
thers, the operation would be duly performed. There is no doubt that a
great deal can be done among some classes of the people who are accustom-
ed to submit to do what they are ordered, without much resistance or mur-
mur ; and some think that the good end in the case of vaccination amply
justifies this method. I would myself incline to this opinion, if the whole
of the people could be protected in this way, but as that is impossible with
the means at present or likely to be at our disposal, I take a different
view of the expediency of that mode of procedure.
Vaccination.
Object of present system.
Vaccination, as at present conducted, is, in my view, merely a step
towards one of two alternatives eventually. It aims either at educating
the people to take to it voluntarily, as a thing the value of which they
will learn to appreciate, or at so familiarising them with it, whether the
majority like it or not, as to prepare the way for general legislation on the
subject, as soon as that may be expedient. Now of these two objects the
first would be the best, if possible; and an attempt to accomplish it
would, should it fail, in no way interfere with the second. Therefore, the
work done should be entirely voluntary, and not only without force but, if
( 4 )
delicate a nature has to be performed. In addition to respectability, tact
and sufficient education to keep a record of his work, manual dexterity,
judgment in the selection of the material with which he works and of the
subjects upon whom he operates, and industry, are necessary to make a
successful Vaccinator; a combination of good qualities not easily found.
Sudden
increase
in
1871-72.
11. When a large increase to the establishment was made at the
beginning of the season 1871 72, many men were appointed who had not
passed through the probationary grade of Assistant; and some of these
have not turned out well. Since the commencement of the season under
review five Vaccinators and one Assistant have been dismissed. One for
vaccinating people's children in their absence and without their consent, and
the remainder for general incapacity exhibited in the very small amount
of work done by them.
Native Superintendents.
12. There has, for two seasons, been one Native Superintendent to
each division whose chief duties have been to see that the quality of the
vaccination done was up to the mark, by careful selection of virus; and
that the quantity of work done was truthfully recorded. In both respects
they have done their duty during the past season satisfactorily. The
quality of the vesicle seen by me was everywhere good, and there is no
reason to suppose that a false quantity of work has been taken credit for.
Deputy Superintendent.
13. The Deputy Superintendent, Sub-Assistant Surgeon Parbutty
Churn Ghose, remained in charge of the establishment at work and in
training at Lucknow. The best Vaccinators were sent out into the dis-
tricts, the quantity of work done at Lucknow has been very small, and
much difficulty has been found in getting competent men to fill vacancies
in the probationary grade in which there are now three vacancies.
14. I resumed charge of the office on return from Furlough at the
end of the vaccinating season of 1871-72.
G. S. SUTHERLAND, M. D.,
Superintendent of Vaccination, Oudh.
A.—Vaccine Department.
STATEMENT No. I.—Showing the particulars of Vaccination in the Province of Oudh, during the year 1872-73.
1
Circle.
Oudh
...
2
Name and Bank of Superintendent.
Surgeon G. S. Sutherland, M. D.,
...
3
Number of native Su¬
perintendents.
1872-73.
1
1
1
1
4
1871-72.
1
1
1
1
4
4
Number of Vaccinators.
1872-73.
16
3
3
4
3
3
6
3
3
4
3
3
54
1871-72.
17
3
3
4
3
3
6
3
3
4
3
3
55
5
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
1872-73.
3,214
977
1,199
2,512
2,017
1,223
1,726
601
1,571
2,268
1,132
730
19,170
1871-72.
5,049
2,342
1,639
5,206
1,867
2,378
4,057
2,017
3,866
4,210
3,132
1,462
37,225
6
Districts in which vaccinations
were performed during the
year.
Lucknow, ...
Bára Banki, ...
Unáo, ...
Sítápur, ...
Hardui, ...
Kheri, ...
Faizabad, ...
Gonda, ...
Bharaich, ...
Rái Barelí, ...
Sultánpur,
...
Pratábgarh, ...
...
7
Population of area included in last column.
7,89,465
11,02,165
9,45,955
9,32,959
9,31,517
7,46,340
10,25,718
11,68,462
7,74,640
9,89,008
9,96,456
7,82,672
1,11,85,357
8
Name of portion of districts or of Town.
In the Civil Station of each district with an area of five
miles around.
...
9
Primary Vaccinations.
A.
Sex.
Male.
1,893
518
680
1,361
1,002
665
1,004
298
728
1,414
748
436
10,747
Female.
1,232
459
519
1,110
1,011
558
705
288
559
852
384
294
7,971
B.
C.
Caste.
Christians.
157
1
7
7
3
5
37
2
1
7
5
3
235
Hindús.
2,073
633
1,092
1,723
1,877
1,027
1,219
506
945
2,010
908
544
14,557
Mussulmáns.
895
343
100
741
133
191
451
78
341
249
219
183
3,924
Other Castes.
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
...
...
2
Age.
Under 1 year.
919
567
417
681
310
422
267
126
153
517
60
230
4,669
Above 1 year.
2,206
410
782
1,790
1,703
801
1,442
460
1,134
1,749
1,072
500
14,049
D.
Result.
Successful.
2,383
789
925
1,833
1,808
855
1,228
374
914
1,821
922
486
14,338
Unsuccessful including those
doubtful.
643
139
184
458
171
254
389
131
288
319
171
129
3,276
Unknown.
99
49
90
180
34
114
92
81
85
126
39
115
1,104
E.
Total.
3,125
977
1,199
2,471
2,013
1,223
1,709
586
1,287
2,266
1,132
730
18,718
10
Re-vaccination.
A.
Successful.
35
...
...
29
4
...
11
12
145
2
...
...
238
B.
Unsuccessful including those doubtful.
54
...
...
9
...
...
6
3
133
...
...
...
205
C.
Unknown.
...
...
...
3
...
...
...
...
6
...
...
...
9
D.
Total.
89
...
...
41
4
...
17
15
284
2
...
...
452
11
Percentage of successful
cases excluding those
unknown
from the
total.
In primary vaccination.
78.75
85.02
83.41
80.01
91.36
77.09
75.94
74.06
76.04
85.09
84.35
79.02
81.40
In secondary vaccina-
tion.
39.33
...
...
76.32
100.00
...
64.71
80.00
52.16
100.00
...
...
53.72
12
Average number of persons vaccinated by each
Vaccinator.
200.9
325.7
399.7
628.0
672.3
407.7
287.6
200.3
523.7
567.0
377.3
243.3
355.0
G. S. SUTHERLAND, M. D.,
Superintendent of Vaccination, Oudh.