NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY, FOR 1927-28
21
consists of one main and 3 subsidiary hamlets—see sketch attached (not repro-
duced). It is less hilly and rocky than Udayagiri and has more fields of a fair
depth of soil which is red sand and red loam. Cultivation both dry and wet is
carried on to a greater extent than in Udayagiri with the help of irrigation from
tank and wells which are numerous. The sub-soil water is 20 to 22 feet from the
surface. The water is mostly brackish and there is a great scarcity of drinking
water. The people are mainly Hindu Telugus like those of Mopad. They seem
better off than the people of Udayagiri. The houses are mostly of mud and single
roomed. Cattle are fairly common and are usually housed in the same room as
with their owners.
Climate.—The climate is hot and dry like that of Mopad. The average rain-
fall is 30 inches. The hot season is from March to September and the rainy
season from October to December.
Statistics.—For the years 1918—25 the average birth-rate has been 30.3 and
death-rate 29.6 per mile. The people do not complain of severe malaria or of any
other particular disease. They get the usual seasonal malaria during the rainy
months. No statistics on malaria are available.
Malaria.—The spleen and parasite rates are given in Table I.
TABLE I.—The spleen and parasite rates.
Name of village.
Total number of
children
examined.
Spleen rate.
PER CENT,
Parasite
rate.
PER CENT.
. . .
Duttalur (mein, village)..
60
36.6
18.3
Kammavaripalem (hamlet) .....
83
27.27
15.15
Kattakindipalli
"
...
...
20
30
15
Lakshmipuram
" ...
...
50
6
8
It is apparent that the spleen and parasite rates are comparatively low which
is evidence that malaria has not been very severe. The species of parasites found
is given below :—
TABLE II—Species of parasites.
Name of village.
Total
number of
positives .
Malignant
tertian.
Benign
tertian.
Quartan.
Mixed.
Duttalur (main village)
. . .
11
. . .
6
. . .
Kammavaripalem
. . .
5
5
. . .
. . .
. . .
Kattakindepalli ...
. . .
3
3
. . .
...
. . .
Lakshmipuratn.
...
. . .
4
3
. . .
1
. . .
Total
23
16
. . .
7
. . .
Gametocytes
without
asexual forms.
16
11
5
. . .
The high percentage of malignant tertian is noteworthy. Also that in 70 per
cent of the positive bloods gametocytes unaccompanied by asexual forms were
found. This blood picture is that given where fresh infections have ceased to
occur so that here in Duttalur, although only 10 miles from Udayagiri, with its
active epidemic, we have the same post-epidemic picture as that given by Mopad
except that the latter was on a higher scale.
Adult spleen and parasite rates are given in Table III.
TABLE III.—Adult spleen and parasite rates.
Name of village.
Number
of adults
examined
•
Spleen rate.
PER CENT.
Parasite
rate,
PER CENT.
Duttalur (main village) ...
...
48
18.75
14.6
Kammavaripalem (hamlet)
...
...
29
24.1
13.8
Kattakindipalli ...
...
..
...
18
22.2
16.6
Lakshmipuram
...
...
.
...
37
13.5
10.8
29
KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY, FOR, 1927-28
TABLE I-A.—Spleen rate.
Number and name of village.
Total number
of children
examined.
Number with
enlarged
spleen.
Percentage.
1. Tepparevu . . .
25
12
48
2. Chintalapalem . . .
27
17
63
3. Malakapuram . . .
46
35
76
4. Valakampeta . . .
26
15
57.7
5. Dibbamidipalem . . .
55
47
85.5
6 Tikkodipalem . . .
30
14
46.6
7. Ellampettai . . .
30
5
16.6
8. Achiampetta (Allipur) . . .
30
4
13.3
9. Venkata Jaggaravupet . . .
No children.
The village has been evacuated.
10. Gnanapuram . . .
3 0
20
66.6
TABLE I-B.—Adult spleen rate.
Number and name of village.
Number
examined.
Number with
enlarged
spleen.
Percentage.
1. Tepparevu
14
4
28.5
2. Chintalapalem . . .
17
6
35.3
3. Malakapuram . . .
25
10
40
4. Valakampeta . . .
18
9
50
5. Dibbamidipalem . . .
16
7
43.75
TABLE II.—Index of size of spleen.
Number and name of village.
Index size of spleen.
C . M .
1.
Tepparevu
.
.
.
10.7
2. Chintalapalem . . .
10.9
3. Malakapuram . . .
9.4
4. Valakampeta . . .
6.6
9.6
6. Ellampettai. . . .
7.8
7. Achiampetta (Allipur) . . .
7.0
8. Tikkodipalem . . .
9.6
9. Venkata Jaggaravupet . . .
Village evacuated.
10. Gnanapuram . . .
8.75
TABLE III-A.—Parasite rate.
Number and name of village.
Total number
of bloods
examined.
Positive.
Percentage.
1. Tepparevu . . .
25
21
84
2. Chintalapalem . . .
27
25
88.1
3. Malakapuram . . .
46
43
93.5
4. Valakampeta . . .
26
19
73
5. Dibbamidipalem . . .
55
49
89
6. Tikkodipalem . . .
30
18
60
7. Ellampettai . . .
30
5
16.6
8. Achiampetta (Allipur) . . .
30
3
10
9. Venkata Jaggaravupet . . .
Village evacuated.
10. Gnanapuram . . .
30
20
66.6
TABLE III-B.—Relative parasite rate in the apparently healthy and unhealthy.
N u m b e r .
Name of village.
Total
number
with
enlarged
spleen.
Number
showing
parasite.
Per cent.
Total
number
o f
apparently
healthy.
Number
showing
parasite.
Per cent.
1
Tepparevu . . .
12
12
100
13
9
69.2
2
Chintalapalem . . .
17
15
88.2
10
10
100
3
Malakapuram . . .
35
34
97.1
11
9
81.8
4
Valakampeta . . .
15
14
93.3
11
5
45.5
5
Dibbamidipalem . . .
47
44
93.6
8
5
62.5
6
Tikkodipalem . . .
14
12
35.7
16
6
37.5
7
Ellampettai . . .
5
3
60
25
2
8
8
Achiampetta (Allipur) . . .
4
3
75
26
. . .
. . .
9
Venkata Jaggaravupet . . .
Village evacuated.
. . .
. . .
10
Gnanapuram . . .
20
15
75
10
5
50
34
SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
(e) Adjoining this is another swampy ground on private land, very
similar to the above which breeds A. rossi (subpictus) and countless Culicines.
(f) l ykes tank.— A large tank in front of the parade ground with
shelving edges overgrown with grass. Anopheline larvæ were readily obtained.
All were A. rossi (subpictus) and (vagus).
(g), ( h ) and (i) Tanks near Gnanapuram.—Large floating masses of green
weed (Chara) were found in (g) sheltering numerous A. rossi larvæ. The other
tanks appeared free of larvæ.
(j) Pools along the road leading to Waltair station.— A. rossi (subpictus)
were obtained after some search.
(k) Pools round wells and taps.—Accumulation of waste water with brisk
breeding of A. rossi (subpictus).
(l) Watch Greshu tank in the north of Waltair almost dry except for a
pool of muddy water in the centre where A. rossi larvæ were found after some
search.
(m) Potential breeding places.— Of these many exist, but they are not
worth describing ; because a second visit during the rains is contemplated. But in
the harbour area bunds are being thrown across what is at present a dry swamp
bed and it is likely that during the rains borrow pits made in this swamp bed will
freely breed anophelines and be a danger to the town.
9. Adult catches.— Though adult mosquitoes were obtained readily from
houses and cattle sheds in most parts of the town, the majority of them were
culicines, a few Stegomyia were also present in the catches.
The anopheline mosquitoes caught were mostly A. rossi (subpictus). The
following is the record of the adult anopheline catch :—
A. rossi. (subpictus).
A. rossi (vagus).
A. stephensi.
A. culicifacies.
Total.
544
426
8
4
6
7
4
3
1,002
The females of A. stephensi and A culicifacies were dissected but did not
show any zygotes or sporozoites.
Temporary conclusions.—
(1) Taken as a whole, the town is not very malarious for the total spleen
rate is below 10 per cent. But certain areas have an unsafe spleen rate and
breeding facilities are such as to readily allow of the causation of an epidemic in
favourable seasons.
(2) The anophelines most suspected of carrying malaria are (1) A. ste-
phensi in the dense part of the town and (2) A. culicifacies in outlying parts.
The Unit will return to Vizagapatam during the south-west monsoon after
which the final report will be submitted.
We are indebted to Lieut.-Col. Frazer, 1.M.S., for assisting the unit with
advice and with a loan of laboratory apparatus in. King George Hospital.
TABLE 11.—Wells in Vizagapatam showing the p.H. and the conductivity of the water
with the species of mosquito breeding in each.
Place.
p . H .
Electrical
conductivity in
1/1000000
parts of reci-
procal ohms.
Mosquito larvæ found.
1. Main Road ...
...
...
...
7.4
2,829
Culicines and A. step-
hensi.
2. Jamalpeta ...
...
...
...
7.4
3,394
A. stephensi.
3. Lane north of passengers' shed ...
7.8
3,592
Do.
4. Near fish market ...
...
...
7.8
4,951
Do.
5. Kadirdanappa lane
7.6
3,832
Do.
6. Ambusarang Street, Mosque ...
7.6
4,677
Nil.
7. East of Wicker's farm
...
...
7.5
5,400
Nil.
8. St. Aloysius' School Road
...
7.6
2,425
A. stephensi.
KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY, FOR 1927-28
35
TABLE II-Wells in Vizagapatam showing the p.H. and the conductivity of the water
with the species of mosquito breeding in each-cont.
Place.
Electrical
conductivity in
p.H.
1/1000000
parts of reci-
procal ohms
Mosquito larvæ found.
9. Medical School or Old Collector ' s
7.8
1,828
A. stephensi.
Office.
10.
Do.
7.8
2,160
Do.
11.
Do.
Not examined.
Nil.
12. District Court
..
...
7.8
1,828
A. stephensi.
13. St. Mary's High School ...
...
7 . 6
1,697
D o .
14.
Do.
...
...
7.4
1,697
Do.
15.
Do.
.. .
7.8
1,250
Do.
16. Sivalayam Street opposite to
7 . 6
2,640
Do.
Hukumba lane.
17.
Do.
7.4
2,160
Culex.
18. Jilludimudivari Street
,..
...
7 . 6
2,640
Culex and stephensi.
19. Chinnamvari Veedi
...
...
7.4 3 , 9 6 0
A. stephensi.
20. Rajappa Naidu Street
...
...
7. 6
3,394
Do.
21.
Do.
.....
. . .
7.4
3,592
Nil.
22. Gajuli Street
...
...
...
7.6
3,301
Nil.
23. Masalgantavari lane
...
. . .
7.8
2,160
Nil.
24. Town Hall Street ...
...
. . .
7.6
2,829
Culex,
25. Opposite to Emperumal Street ...
Not examined.
Nil.
26. Chavalavari Street
...
. . .
7 . 8
4,951
A. stephensi.
27. Town Hall Street ...
...
...
7.6
2,376
Do.
28.
Do.
. . . ...
...
7.6
1,080
Nil.
29. Kanchara Veedi ...
..,
...
7.8
2,640
Culex.
30. Bucca Colony
...
...
. . .
7 . 6
3,713
Nil.
31.
Do.
...
...
7.8
3,592
A. stephensi.
32.
Do.
...
...
7.8
3,713
Do.
33. Burujupeta lane ...
...
...
7 .4
4,570
Nil.
34. Challakondavari lane
...
...
7 . 6
3,394
Nil.
35.
Do.
. . . ...
Not examined.
Nil.
36. Vaddi Street (near Hope Hall
7.4 3 , 9 6 0
Nil.
Girls' School).
37. Asipappa Street ...
...
...
7 . 4
1,697
A. stephensi.
38. Vaddi Street
...
...
. . .
.
7. 4
2,970
Do.
39. Behind Reli Veedi Elementary
Not examined.
Nil.
School.
40. Beach Road.
...
...
...
7.6
1,828
Culex.
41.
Do.
. . . .',
...
Not examined.
Nil.
42. Simson's Godown Gangulavari
7 . 6
792
Nil.
Street.
43. Bioscope building ..
...
...
7 . 6
1,828
A. stephensi.
44, Old Salipet
...
...
. . . 7.4
7,920
Nil.
45. Wood Yard Street
...
..
7 . 6
3,730
Nil.
46. Grass Farm
7 . 6 1 , 4 8 6
A. rossi.
47. Bowdara Road (old market)
-
7.6
1,250
Nil.
48. Durgalammen Temple
...
...
7.6
10,800
Nil.
49. Bowdara Road
...
...
...
7 . 6
59,600
Nil.
50. Allipur Main Road (Irrigation 7.6
2,160
Nil.
Wells).
51.
Do.
7.6
1,584
A. stephensi.
52.
Do.
7.6
1,188
A. vagus.
53. Allipur Main Road
...
...
7.4
3,000
A. minimus.
54.
Do.
. . . ...
...
. . .
Culex.
55. M ain Road ...
...
...
...
7.6
2,160
Nil.
56.
Do.
...
...
...
...
7 . 6
2,160
Culex and A. stephensi.
57. Allipur Main Road
...
...
7. 6
2,376
Culex.
58, Seven Wells Main Road ...
...
7 . 6
1,980
Nil.
59.
Do.
...
...
7 . 6
1,320
A. stephensi,
60.
Do.
...
. . .
7.6
1,584
Do.
61.
Do.
...
...
7.5
1 , 3 2 0
Nil.
62.
Do.
...
...
7.5
1,356
Nil.
63.
Do.
...
...
7 . 5
1,584
Nil.
64.
Do.
...
...
7 . 5
1,584
Nil.
5-A
SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
TABLE II-Wells in Vizagapatam showing the p.H. and the conductivity of the water
with the species of mosquito breeding in each—cont.
Place.
p.H.
Electrical
conductivity in
1/l000000
parts of reci-
procal ohms.
Mosquito larva found.
65. Burial ground next to the Main
Road.
7.2
566
Nil.
66. Chakkalipeta Street
...
...
7.4
914
Nil.
67.
Do
7 . 4
864
Nil.
68,
Do.
...
... ..
7.2
1,901
Nil.
69.
Do.
.... . . .
. . .
7.0
2,764
Nil.
70.
Do.
7 . 4
1,825
Nil.
71.
Do.
...
...
. . .
7.4
566
Nil.
72.
Do.
Street
...
...
7.2
495
Nil.
73.
Do.
...
...
7.2
475
Nil.
74.
Do.
...
7.5
396
Nil.
75.
Do.
...
. . .
7.2
475
Nil.
76.
Do..
...
.
7.2
317
Nil.
77.
Do.
...
...
7 . 3
517
Nil.
78.
Do.
...
,..
7.2
1,697
Nil.
79. Kothasalipeta
...
...
...
7.4
1,584
Nil.
80.
D o .
7.4
1,398
Nil.
81. Beach Road.
7.4
2,640
Nil.
82.
Do.
•••
0 .•
4•1
7.4
2,829
Nil.
83.
Do.
7.4
2,160
Nil.
84.
Do.
7.4
1,980
Nil.
85.
Do.
...
...
... Not examined
Nil.
86.
Do.
7.2
990
Nil.
87.
Do.
7.4
1,080
Nil.
88.
Do.
...
...
. . .
7.8
1,132
Culex.
89.
Do.
... ...
. . .
7.4
792
. . . .
90.
Do.
7.0
990
Culex.
91.
Do.
7.0
1,328
Nil.
92.
Do.
7.0
699
Nil.
98.
Do.
7.4
792
Nil.
94.
Do.
7.0
890
Nil.
95.
Do.
7.0
990
Nil.
96.
Do.
6.8
699
Nil.
97.
Do.
...
...
. . . .
7.4
743
Nil.
98. Vottu Gedda
6.8
339
Nil.
99.
Do.
...
...
. . .
7.2
950
Nil.
100. Vottugedda near sea
...
...
7.6
1,188
Nil.
101. Collector's bungalow
...
...
7.2
566
Nil.
102.
Do.
...
7.2
699
Nil.
103. Dhoby wells along Beach Road
near Waltair.
7.2
1,486
Nil.
104.
Do.
7.2
2,764
......
105.
Do.
7.2
1,033
. . . . . .
106. Gymkhana ground
...
...
7.0
1,697
Culex.
107.
Do.
9••
..
6.6
457
A. Rossi.
108. District Judge's quarters ...
...
6.6
990
A. culicifecies, A. rossi,
culicines.
109. Waltair Main Street
...
...
...
...
......
110.
Do.
...
...
7.2
990
Culex.
111. Gymkhana ground
...
7.2
1,132
Nil.
112.
Do.
...
...
7.2
1,584
Nil.
11 3.
Do.
. . .
. . .
...
......
11 4 .
Do.
. . . .
. . .
......
115. Kurupam Raja's Bungalow
..,
7.4
990
Culex.
116.
Do.
...
7.2
2,160
Do.
11 7 . Jalaripalem
..
... ...
. . .
....
Nil.
118. Jail Gollapalem side of jail road.
7.4
1,080
......
119.
Do.
7.6
1,486
Culex.
120. Opposite to Veterinary Hospital ..
7.2
1,584
Nil.
121. Allipur Main Road
...
...
7.2
1,132
Nil.
122. Ammavari Veedi ....
...
...
7.4
1,320
Nil.
37
KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY, FOR 1927-28
TABLE II.—Wells in Vizagapatam showing the p.H. and the conductivity of the water
with the species of mosquito breeding in each— cont.
P l a c e .
p . H .
Electrical
conductivity in
1/1000000
parts of reci-
procal ohms.
Mosqui t o l arvæ found.
123. Karvangula Street ...
...
...
7.4
1,320
Nil.
124. Devangala Veedi ... ... ...
7.4
1,320
Nil.
125.
Not examined.
126. Opposite to M Police Station.
Do.
127.
Do.
...
7.4
1,320
Nil..
128.
Do.
...
7.0
1,398
Nil.
129. Dondaparty
...
...
7.4
1,639
Nil.
130.
Do.
...
...
...
7.8
3,494
Nil.
131.
Do.
...
...
...
..
7.6
4,098
Nil.
132.
Do.
...
...
...
...
7.4
2,376
Nil,
13 3.
Do.
...
...
...
...
7.6
1,320
Nil.
134. Do.. ... ... ,.. ...
7.6
1,320
Nil.
135.
Do.
...
...
...
..
7.8
1,250
Nil.
136. Gnanapuram
...
...
...
N o t e x a m i n e d .
Vottu Gedda
...
...
....
7.4
660
A. stephensi,
A. culici-
facies, A. listoni, A.
subpictus, A. vagus,
A. minimus.
Yerra Gedda
...
...
..
7.2
396
A. culicifacies,
A. mini-
mus, A. subpictus.
Swamp
...
...
...
...
7.8
33,010
A. rossi (subpictus and
vagus).
Grass Farm ..
...
...
...
7.6
14,910
Culicines and A. rossi.
Gnanapuram Tank, 1
...
7.4
1,980
. . . . . .
Do.
2
...
...
8.0
2,376
Rossi.
Doe. 3 ... ...
8.0
4,098
D o .
Yakkalamma Tank ...
...
...
7.8
1,639
. . . . . .
Yerrakkalamma Tank...
7.4
1,639
...
Watch Greshu Tank
...
...
7.0
2,160
A. rossi and culicines
A REPORT ON MALARIA IN VIZAGAPATAM (AUGUST 1927)
BY CIVIL ASSISTANT SURGEON K. V. VENKATRAMAN.
According to orders, I proceeded on 26th August 1927 to re-survey
Vizagapatam during wet weather conditions. The south-west monsoon had
practically ended and the north-east had not begun. The town had received
nearly 22 inches of rain from 1st June 1927 (slightly in excess of the normal) and
post-monsoonic breeding facilities were considerable. With the exception of
three showers there was scarcely any rain during the whole period of my stay and
for some time before. So the mosquito-breeding places found were not purely
temporary.
2. The prevalence of malaria in the town was greater than at the time of the
previous visit and the attendance at the hospitals show a steady increase in the
admissions for malaria :—
Month .
B.N. Ry.
dispensary.
Waltair
dispensary.
Ap ril 1927 .... ...
...
.. . ... .... . . .
71
85
May
"
...
...
...
...
.. .
46
58
June "
...
...
..
...
...
62
90
Jul y ..
. . .
. . .
. . .
131
127
August 1927
...
...
...
...
...
236
223
BORROW PITS OPPOSITE TO VIZAGAPATAM RAILWAY STATION.
THE YARRI GEDDA.
T H E V U P P U T E R U .
HUTS ON THE BORDER OF AN ARM OF THE SWAMP.
VIZAGAPATAM, AUGUST 1927.
Reg. No.881/2
Copies 703
Helio-Zinco. Survey office, Madras
1929.
ANOPHELINE MOSQUITO BREEDING PLACES
IN VIZAGAPATAM TOWN
SEPTEMBER 1927,
42
SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNUAL REPORT 0F THE
The sewage dealt with is mainly domestic and varies in quantity as well as in
character day by day. The capacity of each of the open and closed septic tanks
is 12,000 gallons. The tanks are built above ground level and sewage is pumped
up into the tanks. Experiments were confined to the open and closed septic
tanks effluents because there was not enough sewage to work the Imhoff tank
regularly, so although a few analyses of its effluent were made, no conclusions
can be drawn as to its functioning.
The mixed effluent from these tanks is led on to a raised rough stone
bacterial filter on which it drips through a Stoddart dripper. The average time
of passage through the filter is 10 minutes. The results of analyses of the
sewage, open and closed septic tank effluents are given in Tables I and II.
samples were taken from these sources at the same time.
There were three periods of working of the tanks. During the first period
(July to October 1926) the volume of sewage treated was 6,000 gallons per day
and this gave a detention period of 24 hours in the tanks. During the second
period (October to December 1926) the flow was increased, consequently the
period of detention was reduced to 18 hours. Finally from December 1926 to
March 1927, the tanks were treating the full flow namely 24,000 gallons per day
so that the period of stay of sewage in the tanks was only 12 hours.
Period I—July to October 1926.
Time of stay of sewage in the tanks—24 hours.
Number of paired observations made—32.
—
Ammoniacal
nitrogen.
Albuminoid
nitrogen.
Oxygen absorbed
in 4 hrs,
Percentage of purifi
-
cation based on
albuminoid nitrogen,
average of sewage
being 0.30 p.p.h.
Results are expressed in parts per 100,000.
Open tank
0.91
0.18
1.29
40
Closed tank.
0.16
1.27
47
Period II— October to December 1926.
Time of stay of sewage in the tanks—18 hours.
Number of .paired observations made—33.
Ammoniacal
nitrogen.
Albuminoid
nitrogen.
Oxygen absorbed
in 4 hrs.
Percentage of purifi-
cation based on
albuminoid Nitrogen,
average of sewage
being 0.25 p.ph.
Results are expressed in parts per 100,000.
Open tank
...
6.61
0.14
0.89
44
Closed tank
...
0.61
0.12
0.87
52
Period Ill—December 1926 to March 1927.
Time of stay of sewage in the tanks—12 hours.
Number of paired observations made—39.
A m m o n i a c a l
n i t r o g e n .
Albuminoid
nitrogen.
Oxygen absorbed
in 4 hrs.
Percent age of purifi-
cation based on
albuminoid nitrogen,
average of sewage
being 0.39 p.p.h.
Results are expressed in parts per 100,000.
Open tank
...
0.99 0.22
0 . 2 2
1.49
44
Closed tank
...
0.96
0.20
1.59
4 9
It would appear from these results that the sewage was weakest during the
second period due to storm water flowing into the tanks. In spite of reducing
the time of stay of sewage in the tanks to 12 hours, the character of the effluent
from both the tanks continued to be satisfactory. There appears to be very little
48
SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
TABLE III.— Analyses of final effluent from stone bacterial filter, Engineering
College, Guindy.
Date.
Ammoni-
acal
nitrogen.
Albuminoid
nitrogen.
Oxygen
absorbed
in 4 hours.
Date.
Ammon-
acal
nitrogen.
Albuminoid
nitrogen.
Oxygen
absorb ed
in 4 hours.
Re s u l t s a r e e x p r e s s e d i n p a r t s p e r 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 .
Period I.
1926.
6th July...
0 . 0 8
0 . 0 3
0.21
7th „
...
0.15
0.27
0.22
8th „
...
0.24
0.11
0 35
9th „
. . .
0.21
0.10
0.56
12th ,,
0.13
0.11
0.46
13th „
. . .
0.14
0.06
0.38
14th ,,
...
0.10
0.06
0.38
15th „
...
0.06
0.11
0.38
16th „
...
0.32
0.20
0.54
22nd „
. . .
0.18
0.12
0.47
23rd „...
0 . 13
0.16
0.60
26th „
...
0.16
0.17
0.76
27th „
0.20
0.07
0.69
28th „
. . .
0.48
0.13
0.96
1926.
29th July
...
0.10
0.09
0.64
30th ,,
...
0.12
0.08
0.40
2nd August ...
0.14
0.10
0.50
4th
„
...
0.24
0.11
0.57
19th
,,
...
0.15
0.10
0.58
20th
„
0.10
0.06
0.46
25th
,,
. . .
0.14
0.06
0.44
31st
,,
...
0.07
0.07
0.55
2nd September.
0.07
0.07
0.50
7th
, ,
0016
0.07
0.50
27th
„
0.07
0.11
0.40
Average for
Period I
...
0.15
0.10
0.50
Period II
1926.
4th October ...
0.25
0.05
0.34
7th
„
...
0.24
0.07
0.55
11th
„
...
0.08
0.05
0.35
12th
,, ...
0.06
0.07
0.50
22nd
,, ...
0.06
0.03
...
26th
,,
. . .
0.04
0.03
0.40
27th
,,
...
0.06
0.02
...
2nd November.
0.06
0.05
...
9th
„
0.03
0.03
0.17
12th
„
0.02
0.04
0.17
16th
„
0.03
0.03
0.14
17th
„
0.04
0.03
0.16
1 9 2 6 .
19th November...
0.05
0.04
0.29
23rd
,, . . .
0.06
0.07
0.30
24th
0.04
0.05
0.41
25th
0.09
0.07
0.53
26th
0.05
0.04
0.23
30th
,, ...
0.06
0.06
0.37
1st December ...
0.06
0.07
0.14
2nd
„
...
0.09
0.07
...
3rd
0.05
0.07
0.20
Average
for
Period II
...
0.07
0.05
0.31
Period III.
1926.
7th December...
0.18
0.07
0.51
th
„
...
0.11
0.09
0.51
10th
„
..,
0.06
0.07
0.42
14th
„
...
0.22
0.07
0.46
. 21st
0.13
0.08
0.44
22nd
„
...
0.06
0.03
0.29
1927.
4th January ...
0.17
0.04
0.33
. 6th
„...
0.20
0.06
0.35
11th
0 .48
0.08
0.55
12th
„...
0.44
0.10
0.59
18th
„
...
0. 56
0.08
0.67
20th
„
...
0.43
0.13
0.51
25th
„...
0.33
0.10
0.74
26th
„
...
0 27
0.07
0.60
4th February ...
0.55
0 08
. . .
8th
,,
...
0.73
0.12
0.83
1927.
9th February ..,
0.88
0.09
0.67
10th
0.58
0.08
0.69
11th,, ...
0.39
0.11
0.67
15th
,,
...
0.38
0.08
0.58
16th
„
...
0.26
0.11
0.67
22nd. „
. .
0.38
0.10
0.73
8th March
...
0.39
0.08
0.73
15th
...
0.08
0.09
0.66
17th
,,
0.07
0.06
0.70
18th
0.16
0.12
0.80
22nd,,
...
0.13
0.06
0.68
36th
„
0.17
0.07
0.69
.
Average
for
Period III
...
0.31
0.08
0 .60
Average for the
year...
0 . 1 8
0.08
0.47
(B) Miscellaneous sewage analyses, 1927-28.
During the year under report, analyses were made of sewage and effluent
from the sewage installations in Madras and in the mufassal.
Among the Madras installations visited, Lady Willingdon Training College,
Women's Christian College, Women's Christian College Hostel and Waterton
Estate dealt with domestic sewage only ; Municipal Septic Tank at Spur Tank
received laundry waste as well as sullage while Carnatic Mills and Buckingham
Mills dealt exclusively with dye-house wastes.
TABLE IV.—Analyses of Sewage and Effluent from the Sewage Installations
in Madras, etc.