NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
REPORT ON THE WORKING OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
Vellore.—In May 1924, chlorination of the raw water was efficient, but in November the
treatment was defective. The necessity of carrying out field tests, before chlorinating the supply,
was pointed out.
Railway stations.
Bangalore City and Cantonment ( M. & S.M.Ry. ).— The supply to these two railway stations
continued to be satisfactory.
Bezwada Junction
( M. & S.M. Ry.). —Uniformly good results were again obtained from
this water-supply.
Erode Junction (S.I.Ry. ) .—The water as supplied to the passengers on the platform was
of poor quality during the year under report.
Guntakal Junction (M . & S.M. Ry .).—The platform tap supplied water of a fair quality
in April 1924, but in October slight deterioration was noticed.
Jalarpet Junction (M.& S.M. Ry.)—The water-supply to this station was unsatisfactory during
the year. Systematic bactericidal treatment was recommended to the railway authorities.
katpadi Junction (M.& S.M. Ry. ) .—Water of an indifferent quality was being supplied at
this station.
Madura
Junction ( S.I. Ry.).—1n May 1924 the platform supply showed a deterioration
over the Municipal supply, as a result of storage in a dirty tank, but in November conditions
had improved.
Naupada Junction ( B.N. Ry.).—The existing supply which is neither good nor plentiful,
has been condemned several times, but no attempts have been made to tap another source.
Pakala Junction. ( M.& S.M. Ry.)—This junction receives its supply from two wells yielding
water of indifferent quality. The platform tap supplying a mixture of the two wells, was just
passable on both the occasions.
Podanur Junction (S.I. Ry.) .—The untreated supply to passengers yielded poor results in
May 1924, While the chlorinated water intended for troops was quite good pointing to the
efficiency of chlorination. But in March 1925 the untreated supply was fair, while the treated
water had been overdosed with chlorine.
Renigunta
junction (M.& S.M. Ry. ).—Fair results were obtained on both the occasions the
supply was examined.
Samalkot Junction (M.& S.M. Ry .).—The Sub-Artesian borehole supply had not yet regained
its original level of purity. The water-supply was still in fair order.
Tanjore Junction (S.I. Ry. ).—The water-supply just escaped condemnation.
Trichinopoly Junction (S.I. Ry.).—The Railway supply was found to be bacteriologically
inferior in quality to the Municipal supply at two consecutive examinations. The station
reservoir was apparently responsible for this state of affairs.
Villupuram Junction (S.I.Ry
.).—This supply has been yielding uniformly fair results over
a period of about six years.
Vizianagram ( B.N. Ry .).—This station derives its supply direct through a tap on the
Municipal branch main. The remarks that apply to the Municipal supply hold good here also.
Waltair Junction ( B.N. Ry .).—Two wells feed an elevated tank whence a delivering pipe
supplies the platform. The water just escaped condemnation on both the occasions on which it
was examined.
36
APPENDIX No. II.
Showing Experiments on Filming with A īum in slow sand filters at the Experimental Filters, Guindy.
N o . o f e x p e r i -
m e n t .
Name of filter
unfilmed or filmed.
Date.
F i l t e r h e a d r e a c h e d a t s t o p p i n g .
Reason for stopping.
Dates of filming,
refilming, etc.
N o . o f d a y s f i l t e r s w o r k e d f o r c o m p a r i s o n .
Previous reatment
given to beds.
Remarks.
Starting. Stopping.
1
Unfilmed . . .
8-11-23
10-1-24
36"
Maximum filter head reached.
. . .
63
Fresh washed sand in
both.
* In these cases filter was
temporarily stopped by
closing in-let and out-let for
refilming.
Filmed . . .
8-11-23
27-1-24
36"
Do.
do.
8 Nov. 1923,
i n i ' i a l f i l m i n g .
SO
2 Unfilmed . . .
6-2-24
14-4-24
2"
For starting the experiment
afresh.
. . .
'l'o
decide
the
best
method
of form-
ing the
film .
1 " top sand removed
and 1" fresh washed
sand relaid in both.
Filmed . . .
6-2-24
26-3-24
1 ½" For refilming . . . 6 Feb. 1924, initial
filming.
Do. . . .
27-3-24
14-4-24
36"
Maximum filter head reached.
27 M ar. 1924, re-*
filming.
† F o r r e f i l m i n g s o l u t i o n o f a l u m l e t i n a l o n g w i t h r a w
w a t e r w i t h o u t s t o p p i n g t h e f i l t e r .
3 Unfilmed.
1-5-24
25-6-24
36"
Do.
do.
1" top sand removed
and 1" fresh sand
relaid in both.
Filmed . . .
1-5-24
25-5-24
2"
For refilming . . .
1 M a y 1 9 2 4 , i n i t i a l f i l m i n g .
Do. . . .
2 5 - 5 - 2 4
3 0 - 5 - 2 4
36"
Maximum filter head reached
and for fresh filming.
25 May 1924, re †
filming.
1" top sand removed ;
1" fresh sand relaid.
Do. . . .
4-6-24
16-6-24
1"
For refilming . . . 4 June 1924. initial
filming.
Do. . . .
16-6-24
25-6-24
36"
Maximum filter head reached.
16 June 1924, re- †
filming
4
Unfilmed . . .
29-6-24
24-7-24
3"
For starting fresh experiment.
. . .
Filmed . . .
29-6-24
24-7-24
36"
Maximum filter head reached.
29 June 1924, initial
filming; 9 July 1924,
re filming; 18 July
1924, refilming.
‡
1" top sand removed
and I." fresh washed
sand relaid in both
.
5
Unfilmed . . .
27-7-24
24-9-24
36"
Do.
do.
. . .
59
1"
top sand removed
and 1" fresh washed
sand relaid in both.
Fluctuations in filter head
due to unusual variations in
the quality of river water.
Filmed . . .
27-7-24
26-9-24
36"
Do.
do.
26 July 1924, initial
filming; 9 Aug. 1924,
refilming.
61
6 Unfilmed . . .
29-9-24
5-11-24
36"
Do.
do.
. . .
36
1" top sand removed
and 1" fresh washed
sand relaid in both.
Filmed . . .
29-9-24
16-12-24
36"
Do.
do.
29 Sep. 1924, initial
filming.
47
7
Unfilmed . . .
20-11-24
18-2-25
36"
Do.
do.
. . .
59
Filters changed but
only top 3" sand
removed and 3" fresh
washed sand relaid in
both.
Flnctuaticns in filter head due
to rain and changed quality
of water in river.
Filmed . . .
20-11-24
26-2-25
36"
Do.
do.
20 Nov. 1924, initial
filming.
67
Note.—Rise in filter head up to 25" and sudden drop to 3 " due to rain and change of water in river.
R E P O R T O N T H E W O R K I N G O F T H E K I N G I N S T I T U T E , G U I N D Y
3 7
38
REPORT ON THE WORKING OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
APPENDIX No. II-A.
A note on the experiments on filtering with alum in slow sand filters carried out at the
Guindy Experimental Filters between November 1923 and March 1925.
1. The following methods of forming the film were carried out:—
(i) By letting in the solution of alum along with the raw water while filling the bed and
(ii) by first filling the bed to maximum depth and then sprinkling the solution over the
surface of water followed by surface agitation.
The first method was found to be efficient.
2. Refilming at intermediate stages of each period of the filter-run resulted in rapid clogging
of the bed.
3. Inferences to be drawn from the experiments
on filming:—
(i) Initial filming produced a filtrate of superior quality immediately on starting the
filter.
(ii) This treatment did not clog the bed in any way quicker than the control; on the other
hand filmed filter ran consistently longer than the control by at least 30 per cent of the number
of days in two cases and 15 per cent in one case.
(iii) Initial filming was found to arrest silt and other impurities on the top of the sand bed
effectively, whereas in the control bed the penetration of silt was deep into the sand bed.
(iv) The continuous use of a film on a slow sand filter followed by careful working, is
bound eventually to result in economy of working slow sand filters, as there will be fewer chances
of overhauling such a bed frequently than the one worked without the initial film.
Government
of Madras
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT (PUBLIC HEALTH) DEPARTMENT.
G.O. No. 2147-P.H., 22nd October 1925
King Institute, Guindy—Administration Report, 1924-25—Reviewed.
Order—No. 2147-P., dated 22nd October 1925.
Recorded.
2. The Government have read with great interest the Director's detailed
report.
3. As in the previous year, only glycerine lymph was issued for routine
vaccination throughout the Presidency and no vaccination work was carried out
during the four hot-weather months. The number of cases of vaccine lymph issued
rose from 2,184,590 to 2,224,080. The Government are glad to learn that the
success rate of primary vaccination rose from 91.7 per cent to 96.7 per cent and the
insertion success rate from 78 per cent to 90.1 per cent.
The percentage of lymph unaccounted for fell from 29.8 to 21.9. There was
a shortage of over 30 per cent in the districts of South Arcot (84.4 per cent),
Rāmnād (55.4 per cent), Kurnool (35.2 per cent) and Cuddapah (33.5 per cent).
The Director of Public Health is requested to investigate the cause of the short
-age in these districts and to take adequate steps to check the apparent reckless
wastage of lymph.
4. The experiments carried on in the Institute have shown that glycerine
lymph is purified to a satisfactory degree without any particular treatment
within four days of its exposure to the temperatures ordinarily prevailing in this
Presidency and that there is no advantage in introducing any of the special
methods of purification. The Surgeon-General accordingly recommended that
untreated glycerine lymph might be used for vaccination throughout the
Presidency. This was approved by the Government in G.O. No. 1972, P.H.,
dated 22nd December 1924.
5. The number of doses of bacterial vaccines supplied rose from 62,521 during
the previous year to 105,497 in the year under review, the increase being largely
under cholera vaccine (37,751). There was also a small increase (198) in the
number of doses of autogenous vaccines issued from the Institute.
The number of specimens examined in the Institute during the year was
12,089 as compared with 7,546 during the previous year. The examinations in
several cases proved to be of great value in checking the spread of diseases.
6. The Public Analyst was in charge of the Public Health section work of
the Institute during the year. After carrying out a series of experiments with
samples of milk and its products, he has submitted to the Government a draft of
the rules to be framed under the Madras Prevention of Adulteration Act, 1918, so
that standards of purity for milk, butter and ghee may be fixed. He has also
pointed out certain defects in the Act which require to be remedied before it is put
into force. These points are now under the consideration of the Government.
7. The Government observe that the two investigation units attached to the
Institute did extremely valuable research work during the year, especially in
connexion with malaria and kala-azar. The question of sanctioning an additional
2
No. 2147-P.H., 22ND OCTOBER 1925
investigation unit to meet the large demand made for the services of such units is
under the consideration of the Government.
8. The proposal to form three new research sections (Protozoological,
Helminthological and Entomological sections) in the Institute has had to be
deferred for the present, as the Indian Research Fund Association were not
prepared to meet any portion of the cost.
9. On the recommendation of the Committee on Water Filtration, the
Government sanctioned during the year the permanent retention of the experimental
Filter Installation at Guindy. The scheme for the creation of a Travelling
Inspectorate for the more efficient and rapid control of the municipal water
- s u p p l i e s i n t h e P r e s i d e n c y h a s b e e n d e f e r r e d u n t i l t h e q u e s t i o n o f a p p o i n t i n g a
Mechanical Engineer to Government has been decided. In G.O. No. 728 W.,
dated 1st June 1925, the Government sanctioned proposals for carrying out
experiments on sewage purification at the Engineering College, Guindy, up to the
end of the current year. The question of continuing the experiments for another
year is under consideration.
10. The works for the supply of electricity to the Institute from the power
house at the Engineering College, Guindy, are nearing completion. The
re-arrangement of the bacteriological buildings and the improvement of the
laboratory fittings and of the electric supply to the Institute is engaging the
attention of the Government.
11. The question of supplementing the list of railway stations, samples of
water from which are being analysed at the King Institute, is under the
consideration of the Government.
12. The Government are glad to note the valuable work done and the high
standard of efficiency maintained by the Institute during the year.
(By order of the Government, Ministry of Local Self-Government)
C. B. C OTTERELL,
Acting Secretary to Government.
To the Surgeon-General.
„ the Director of Public Health.
" the Sanitary Engineer.
„ the Director, King Institute (through the Surgeon-General)
. " Presi dents of Di stri ct Boards.
„ Chairmen of Municipal Councils.
,, the Accountant-General.
" the Inspector of Municipal Councils and Local Boards.
" the Public Works Department.
" the Law (General) Department.
" the Revenue Department.
" the Development Department.
" the Quartermaster-General, 9th (Secunderabad)
Division (with C.L.).
„ the Consul-General for Netherlands (with C.L.).
Editors' Table.
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF MADRAS GOVERNMENT
PUBLICATIONS
IN INDIA.
THE BURMA
BOOK CLUB (LTD.), 240-A, Merchant Street, Rangoon, Burma. BU TTERWORTH & Co. (LTD.), 6 , H a s t i n g s S t r e e t , C a l c u t t
a.
R. CAMBRAY & Co., Calcutta.
The Superintendent, DIOCESAN PRESS, Vepery, Madras.
E. M. GOPALAKRISHNA KONE, Pudumantapam, Madura.
HIGGINBOTHAMS (LTD.), Mount Road, Madras.
V. KALYANARAMA IYER & Co., Vellala Street, Vepery, Madras.
M. C. KOTHARI, Bookseller, Publisher and Newspaper Agent, Raopur Road,
Baroda.
THE LAW BOOK DEPOT (LTD.), 1,Thambu Chetti Street, Madras.
G. C.
LOGANADHAM BROTHERS, Madras.
MADRAS Y.M.C.A. BOOKSTALL, Y.M.C.A., Esplanade, Madras, E
.
S. MURTHY & Co., Madr
as.
G. A. NATESAN & Co., Madras.
The Superintendent, NAZAIR KANUN HIND PRESS, A ll
ahabad.
NIVASARKAR, Manager, "Hitawada," Nagpur.
P. R. RAMA IYER & Co., Madras.
RAMAKRISHNA & SONS, Lahore.
THE SRIVILLIPUTTUR Co.OPERATIVE TRADING UNION (LTD.), Srivilliputtu
r
R. SUNDER PANDURANG, Kalbadevi Road, Bombay
.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA SONS & CO., Bombay.
THACKER & Co. (LTD.), Bombay.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., 3, Esplanade East, Calcutta.
S. VAS & CO., Madras.
NOTICE.
Official publications hitherto obtained from agents in the United
Kingdom and on the Continent will in future be obtainable either.
direct from the office of the High Commissioner for India, 4 2 ,
Grosvenor Gardens, London, S. W. 1, or through any bookseller.
I P/ 25/ KZ. 5
REPORT
OF THE
KING INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE GUINDY
FOR THE YEAR ENDING
31ST MARCH 1926
BY
MAJOR H. H. KING, M.B., B.S., I.M.S.
Officiating Director, the King Institute
MADRAS
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS.
PRICE, 1 rupee
1 9 2 6
REPORT
OF THE
KING INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
GUINDY
FOR THE YEAR ENDING
31ST MARCH 1926
BY
MAJOR H. H. KING, M.B., B.S., I.M.S.
Officiating Director, the King Institute
MADRAS
PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRESS
1926
CONTENTS.
PART I.— ADMINISTRATIVE.
PAGE
(a ) Staff . . .
1
( b ) Buildings . . .
1
( c) Educational . . .
1
( d ) Assistance to other departments . . .
1
(e) Financial . . .
2
PART II.—SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL.
( a ) Vaccine lymph . . .
3
(b) General bacteriological work . . .
5
Public Health Section—
(c)
Water samples . . .
6
( d ) Work for the Water and Sewage Purification Committee . . .
7
(e) Public Analyst . . .
8
(f ) Investigation units . . .
9
( g ) Research work . . .
10
( h ) Distinguished visitors . . .
11
(i ) Concluding remarks . . .
11
TABLES I—XV . . .
14—26
APPENDIX I.—Revised directions for using vaccine lymph . . .
2 7 — 3 0
APPENDIX II.—Public Analyst's report on the Madras Food Adulteration Act of 1918 . . .
3 1 — 4 6
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY,
FOR 1925—26.
PART I.—ADMINISTRATIVE.
STAFF.
Dr. D. A. Turkhud, M.B., C .M. (Edin.), acted as Director from April to 31st
December 1925. Major H. H. King, M.B., B.S., I.M.S., has officiated as Director
from the 1st of January 1926.
Dr. C. G. Pandit, Ph.D. (Lon.), M.B., B.S. (Bom.), D.P.H., D.T.M. (Eng.), has
officiated as Assistant Director throughout the year.
Mr. H. Hawley, M.sc., F.I.C., Public Analyst to the Government of Madras,
has continued to be in charge of the Public Health Section of the work which
includes the examination both of water samples and of miscellaneous articles.
Civil Assistant Surgeon S. Ramakrishnan returned to duty from leave out of
India on 9th September 1925; Civil Assistant Surgeon J. C. David was relieved
in the Institute on 26th August 1925 and deputed to the School of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene, Calcutta, for training in practical Pharmacology for two
years from 1st September 1925. Civil Assistant Surgeon K. Padmanabha Menon
proceeded to England on combined leave for one year from 1st March 1926 to
take up a course in Tropical Medicine and Advanced Bacteriology.
BUILDINGS.
Requirements. —These are many and have received the attention of Govern
-
ment in G.O. No. 2347, P.H., dated 19th November 1925. Of these works the
following two have been completed during the year:
—
The roof of the animal stock house has been improved by putting up a
Mangalore tile double roof.
The electric supply now comes from the Engineering College, Guindy,
relieving the Institute of the burden of the local production of power.
EDUCATIONAL.
The usual First Class Vaccinators' Class was held for a fortnight in
February and was attended by 61 students.
A class to study Malaria was held for a month in February. It was attended
by 12 B.S.Sc. and Second Class Health Officer students.
A class in vaccine lymph manufacture was held for a week in December. It
was attended by the same students as attended the Malaria class.
ASSISTANCE TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS.
Veterinary sera.—The Institute continued to cold store and distribute sera
for the Veterinary Department.
Vaccine lymph. —Regular supplies were made to the Station Municipality,
Bangalore, Secunderabad Cantonment, and French Southern India. Special
supplies were made to the Federated Malay States, the Government of Burma
and the Laccadive and Maldive Islands. Seed lymph was supplied to Ceylon.
Special inspections of water supplies. —An officer of the Institute inspected
the water supply of Erode when cholera occurred there. More Municipality was
visited to advise on its filter beds. Rajahmundry Central Jail was visited to
detect the source of contamination of its well with organic matter. The
Metur labour camp was visited to advise on its temporary water supply.
2
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
Water examinations. —Samples from Cochin, Pudukkōttai and French India
have been examined. Samples have been examined and advice given to the
Malay States Emigration Depot at Avadi.
FINANCIAL.
As per G.O. No. 1144, P.H., dated 13th August 1924, the financial evaluation
statement includes both direct and indirect charges (Table No. I).
The total income is estimated at Rs. 5,89,574 and the total expenditure in
c l u d -
ing indirect charges amounts to Rs. 3,00,943, thus leaving an estimated net
profit on the year's working of Rs. 2,88,631. This figure is larger than that of the
previous year which is an indication of the increasing activity of the Institute.
It is to be noted that the estimated profit takes no account of the value of the
work of the investigation units and of the experimental and research work carried
out during the year.
As in previous reports, I wish to draw attention to the fact that the cost of
sera such as anti-tetanic, anti-diphtheritic, etc., is a charge on the Institute budget.
A small quantity of sera is sold to private bodies and its cost recovered, but by
far the largest part is distributed free to Government hospitals and dispensaries—
this was valued at about Rs. 24,000 this year. Since the purchase of sera is
included in the expenditure, the value of sera issued is credited under receipts in
this financial statement which evaluates the work of the Institute—this was not
done in previous years.
12
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
predecessor Dr. Turkhud and myself wish to thank them. From his long
experience of twenty-three years in the manufacture of vaccine lymph, the services
of Khan Sahib Muhammad Oomar Sahib Bahadur have been exceptionally valuable
in the output of vaccine lymph and in the maintenance of its potency.
Alterations to the main buildings to provide more and better laboratories
and the construction of a new vaccine lymph operation block are on the way, so
that in a year or two the facilities for work should be ample. In my opinion
what the Institute most needs is a Second Assistant Director who will be an
entomologist and malarialogist. Malaria and Filariasis two great diseases of
Southern India that call for further research and surveys, in addition to such
less common diseases as kala-azar and relapsing fever, would provide more than
enough work to occupy his time. Further the coming of another Assistant
Director would relieve the Director of a great deal of supervisory work and of
some office work, and thus help to give him, what at present he obtains with the
greatest difficulty, a little time for direct research.
THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY,
H. H. KING, Major, I.M.S.,
31st July 1926.
Director.
TABLES.
4
14
REPORT OF THE KING INSTITUTE, GUINDY
TABLE I.
Financial Statement for the year 1925-26 evaluating the Work of the Institute.
Receipts.
Expendi-
ture.
Profit.
RS.
RS.
RS.
DETAILS OF ESTIMATED RECEIPTS.
N o .
Value at Government
rates for private
bodies.
Bacteriological examinations made . . .
16,442
RS.
3,96,492
Doses of bacterial vaccines supplied . . .
85,754
23,012
Autovaccines made . . .
496
4,960
Cases of vaccine lymph . . .
2,216,038
1,38,502
Sera supplied to private bodies . . .
648
2,507
Do. Government Hospitals, etc. . . .
6,116
24,101
Total receipts . . .
5,89,574
5,89,574
. . .
. . .
DETAILS OF ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE.
Salaries, establishments, purchase of stores,
Calves, etc., and contingencies . . .
2,45,852
Customs duty adjusted . . .
8,963
Expenditure on stores in England . . .
15,448
1. Proportionate cost of management and
supervision by the Surgeon General
and his staff—
Five per cent of Surgeon-General's
salary at Rs. 3,000 per mensem . . .
1,800
Average pay of one clerk (full time)
on Rs. 65-4-125 at R. 100 . . .
1,200
3,030
Postage charges . . .
2. Cost of audit, 1 per cent—
30
Building expenditure of Rs. 9,899 . . .
99
Repairs and maintenance on electric
installation of Rs. 15,961 . . .
160
259
3. Depreciation of property and machi -
nery
Buildings—Depreciation charges at
½per cent on the total capital cost of
Rs. 3,66,557 . . .
1,833
Electric installation—Depreciation
charges, capital cost of Rs 33,254 . . .
998
Electric machinery—Depreciation
charges, capital cost of Rs. 3,144 . . .
96
2,927
Plants and machinery (information not
yet received from the Public Works
D e p a r t m e n t . ) . . .
4. Interest Charges on capital cost of
buildings at 3 per cent on Rs 3,62,557.
12,829
Interest charges on
electric installation
at 6 per cent
Rs. 33,254 inclu-
sive of machi-
n e r y .
1,995
14,824
Interest charges on
machinary at 6
per cent . . .
Interest charges on plants and machi -
nery (information not yet received
from the Public Works Department).
5. Cost of stationery . . .
821
Do. clothing. . . .
13
1,536
Do. printing and binding in 1924-25. . . .
702
6. Superannuation allowance and pen-
sions—
Officers of the I.M.S., 3/16 per cent . . .
8
Other officers in superior service, 1/6
per cent. . .
217
228
Inferior servants and peons, 1/16 per
cent
.
.
.
3
7. Maintenance charges of
—
Buildings and repairs . . .
7,476
Electric installation, repairs and
maintenance . . .
400
7,876
Total expenditure . . .
3,00,943
. . .
3 , 0 0 , 9 4 3
. . .
Total, King Institute
. . .
5,89,574
3,00,943
2,88,631