NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
133
SINDH
Total
BARODA.
KUTCH.
J. WILLIAMS,
1
G EDWIN SEWARD,
M.D., Surgeon Major.
DORA'BJI HOR-
MASJI, G.G.M.C.
Hásá Mal, and
Meharchand.
Lál Baksh.
6
Sudárám
Ichárám.
Jadhawaji Surji
Upper Sindh
Frontier.
1
Thar and Párkar.
1
Native
State.
...
5
Barodá.
Kutch.
Jacobabad ... ...
Kasmar
...
...
Thul
...
...
...
Umarkot ... ...
Chachra
...
...
Nagar Parkar ...
Mitti
...
...
...
Dipla
...
...
...
Kipra ... ... ...
Sanghar
...
...
Jodhpur
...
...
Khairpur
...
...
Goadar
...
...
H. H. the Gaikawad's
territory.
H. H. the Rao's ter-
ritory.
2
3
2
7
5
6
5
2
1
4
...
...
23
3
...
116
...
...
1
8
...
9
37
26
146
16
2
...
...
...
227
27
...
737
...
50
3
11
2
16
42
32
151
18
3
4
...
...
250
30
...
853
...
50
2
3
2
7
5
7
5
2
1
4
1
...
25
6
...
153
...
...
1
22
...
23
38
28
139
16
2
...
...
...
223
60
...
1,057
...
70
3
25
2
30
43
35
144
18
3
4
1
...
248
66
...
1,210
...
70
54
44
29
127
80
132
110
54
49
60
20
...
505
78
...
3,221
...
...
14
231
...
245
420
391
2,519
303
48
...
...
...
3,681
930
...
16668
...
486½
68
275
29
372
500
523
2,629
357
97
60
20
...
4,186
1,008
...
19889
...
486½
11
6
1
18
15
13
18
1
1
1
6
...
55
79
...
500
...
...
...
82
...
32
49
30
91
...
...
...
...
...
170
204
...
1,980
...
105
11
38
1
50
64
43
109
1
1
1
6
...
225
283
...
2,480
...
105
241
136
32
409
270
675
319
42
36
10
24
...
1,376
1,544
...
11616
...
...
...
392
...
392
550
542
1,178
...
...
...
...
...
2,270
3,328
...
24,113
...
1,447
241
528
32
801
820
1,217
1,497
42
36
10
24
...
3,646
4,872
...
35,729
...
1,447
2,000
1,519
1,402
4,921
4,130
3,978
4,189
3,540
2,147
497
1,584
189
20,254
9,699
112
1,42,767
29,795
3,034
...
...
2
2
1
3
1
...
...
...
...
...
5
...
...
31
...
...
134
Name of
Circle.
ADEN.
MUSCAT.
Grand
Total.
Superintendent.
...
...
8
Assistant superinten-
dent.
...
...
31
Collectorate.
Aden.
Muscat.
34
Táluká.
Aden
...
...
...
Muscat
...
...
Number of
encampments.
Superintendent.
...
...
455
Assistant superinten-
dent.
...
...
4,309
Total.
...
...
4,764
Number of travelling
days.
Superintendent.
...
...
787
Assistant superinten-
dent.
...
...
7,191
Total.
...
...
7,978
Number of miles
travelled.
Superintendent.
...
...
11209½
Assistant
superinten-
dent.
...
...
72922½
Total.
...
...
84132
Number of villages
visited.
Superintendent.
...
...
1954
Assistant superinten-
dent.
...
...
12037
Total.
...
...
13991
Number of vaccinated
children inspected.
Superintendent.
...
...
74605
Assistant superinten-
dent.
...
...
2,67,239
Total.
...
...
3,41,844
Total number of children vaccinated
and re-vaccinated during the year
1874-75.
1,097
144
7,25,344
Deaths from small-pox in 1874.
...
...
3,903
J. PINKERTON, M.D., Surgeon-Major,
Superintendent General of Vaccination, Bombay Presidency.
Bombay, 24th May 1875.
Vaccination.
No. 2349.
GENERAL DEPARTMENT.
Bombay Castle, 6th August 1875.
Letter from the Surgeon General, Indian Medical Department, No. 2085,
dated 9th July 1875—Forwarding, with remarks, the report of the
Vaccination Department for the year 1874-75.
RESOLUTION.—The Surgeon General in forwarding this report has given
a brief account of all the more salient results. Government will, therefore,
content themselves by recording their opinion that these results are, as
usual, highly satisfactory, and do credit to Dr. Pinkerton and his sub-
ordinates. The increase in infant vaccination especially is a matter for con-
gratulation.
2. Government have pleasure in remarking the improvement in the
Southern Circle, which was unfavourably noticed last year.
3. The returns clearly show that compulsory vaccination in this Pre-
sidency is quite unnecessary. It is doubtful whether, if it were introduced,
there would be any appreciable increase in the numbers vaccinated on the
present voluntary system, while the name of compulsion would excite sus-
picion and render the operation unpopular.
4. The Sholapur Municipality have carried a Resolution that ' animal
vaccination is contrary to the principles of the Hindu Religion, and should
not be introduced.' When they see other Municipalities adopting the
system without damage to Hindu orthodoxy, their scruples may be removed.
In the same way the Lingáyats of Nargund and Ron will doubtless relax
their opposition if treated with tact.
5. The attention of the Collector of Sholapur should be invited to
the 80th paragraph of Dr. Pinkerton's report. Additional Vaccinators seem
required for Karmála and Mádha.
6. The Superintendents and Assistant Superintendents have been
active in their inspections. Drs. Williams and Cody especially deserve com-
mendation for their energy.
7. The total cost of the Department was Rs. 2,20,663-5-9, of which—
Rs. 1,07,444 12 3 was Provincial.
„
15,686 14 0 „ Municipal.
„
59,753 8 11 „ Local.
„
37,778 2 7 „ Native Chiefs.
The average cost of each successful vaccination was annas 5-4, or 10 pies
less than in 1873-74, which is satisfactory. Deducting the cost of the
Superintendents, it was only annas 3-11, varying from annas 3-3 in Sind to
annas 8-9 in Bombay and annas 14-8 in Cutch. Government would be glad
to know whether vaccination cannot be made less expensive in the Presidency
town. The average number vaccinated by each Vaccinator varied from 275
( 2 )
in Cutch and 919 in Bombay to 2,790 in Sind. So that, taking the work-
ing days of the year at 300, each Vaccinator in Sind operated on 9 persons
daily, while in Bombay the number was only 3, although the population in
Sind is widely scattered and that in Bombay is just the reverse.
8. Government concur with the Superintendent General in consider-
ing the punishment of fine to a Vaccinator who falsifies his returns as wholly
inadequate. Such an offence is invariably to be punished by dismissal.
9. Government are not prepared to pay for a Vaccinator in the Dangs,
but it is clearly desirable that the people there should be protected. The
question should be referred for the consideration of the Political Agent in
Khandesh.
10. The addition of sanitary work to the duties of the Vaccination
Department is a measure which will enable that efficient but expensive body
to show greater returns of work, and it will, the Government are confident,
be attended with excellent results to the country generally.
11. The Government of India have recently drawn attention to the
necessity for economy in printing annual reports. Government recognize,
in the length of that under review, the careful attention to minute details,
which, coupled with the zeal Dr. Pinkerton has infused into his subordinates,
has rendered the work of the Department so satisfactory. But they trust
that the Superintendent General will be able next year to condense a good
deal of his information, especially that towards the conclusion of the report.
12. Copies of the Report and this Resolution should be sent to the
Secretary of State as usual.
W. G. PEDDER,
Acting Secretary to Government.
To
The SURGEON GENERAL, INDIAN MEDICAL DEPARTMENT,
The SANITARY COMMISSIONER,
The MUNICIPAL COMMISSIONER for the CITY of BOMBAY,
All COLLECTORS, including the COLLECTORS and
POLITICAL SUPERIN-
-------- in SIND, and the EXTRA FIRST ASSISTANT COLLECTOR in
charge PANCH MÁHÁLS,
The REVENUE COMMISSIONER, S. D.,
The REVENUE COMMISSIONER, N. D.,
The COMMISSIONER in SIND,
The POLITICAL DEPARTMENT of the SECRETARIAT,
The SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
REPORT
ON
VACCINATION THROUGHOUT THE BOMBAY
PRESIDENCY AND SIND
FOR THE YEAR 1875-76.
Bombay:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
1876.
INDEX.
Act, Compulsory Vaccination ... ... ... ...
Ages of those vaccinated ... ... ... ...
Aid from civil and political officers ... ... ... ...
Animal vaccination ... ... ... ...
Assistant superintendents, work of ... ... ... ...
Average number of operations by each vaccinator ...
„
„
„
„
„
by
circles ...
„
„
„
„
„
by establish-
ments ...
Cantonments, supervision of vaccinations in ... ...
Castes of those vaccinated ... ... ...
Cholera interfered with work ... ... ...
Circle, Baroda, progress in ... ... ...
„
Central
„
„ ... ... ...
„
Cutch
„
„ ... ... ...
„
Eastern Guzerat „ ... ... ...
„
Presidency„
„ ... ... ...
„
Southern „
„
...
...
...
„
Sind
„
„ ... ... ...
„
Western
„
„ ... ... ...
„
Western Guzerat„ ... ... ...
Contemplated changes in circles ... ... ...
Cost of each successful case, excluding pay of superintendents.
„
„
„
„
including all charges ...
„
„
„
„
by establishments ... ...
Deaths from small-pox ... ... ...
„
„
„
in Bombay
...
...
...
...
„
„
„
in Kaira and Surat collectorates, discre-
pancies in ... ...
Expenditure ... ... ... ...
„
a fair share of, should be debited to general sani-
tation ... ... ... ...
Health officers, duties and work of ... ... ...
Heifers inoculated in Bombay, number of ... ... ...
Infantile vaccinations, percentages of ... ... ...
Inoculation, practice of ... ... ... ...
Inspections of dispensaries ... ... ... ...
„
by superintendents ... ... ... ...
„
„
„
from registers ... ...
„
total and rate per cent. of ... ... ...
Lymph, cow, from Belgium ... ... ...
„
English, annual supply desirable ... ...
„
in use, conditions of
...
...
...
...
Measles ... ... ... ...
Primary vaccinations ... ... ...
„
„
excess in ... ... ...
Rate per mille of population protected ... ...
Result of operations ... ... ...
Para.
3
19
66
26
38
63
64
63
4
18
107
105
69 to 75
106
88 to 93
68
76 to 81
98 to 105
82 to 87
94 to 97
2
32
33
34
44
53
48
28
31
110
26
20
42
109
35
36
39
27
25
24
108
13
14
23
21
Paye.
1
8
26
11
15
24
24 & 25
24
2
8
31
31
26 & 27
31
29
26
27 &28
30 & 31
28 & 29
30
1
12 &13
13
13
16
19
17 &18
12
12
32 & 33
11
8
16
31
13 &14
14
15
11
10
10
31
6
6
9 &
8 & 9
ii
INDEX.
Result of operations by establishments ... ...
Re-vaccinations ... ... ... ...
„
excess in ... ... ...
Sexes of those vaccinated ... ... ...
Small-pox ... ... ... ...
„
after good vaccination, &c. ... ... ... ...
„
by circles ... ... ... ...
„
protection, &c., in cases of, how to be noted ... ...
Superintendents, commendation of ... ... ... ...
Strength of department ... ... ... ...
Tours ... ... ...
Vaccinations, number of
...
...
...
...
Vaccinators, conduct of ... ... ... ...
„
dismissed for falsifications ... ... ...
„
want of more, in Poona and Ratnágiri collectorates
Vaccino-syphilis ... ... ...
Work in army ... ... ...
„
in circles ... ... ...
„
in dispensaries ... ... ... ...
„
increases in, by establishments ... ... ...
„
of Government vaccinators ... ... ...
„
of Local Fund
„ ... ... ...
„
of Municipal
„ ... ... ...
„
of Native States
„ ... ... ...
APPENDICES.
Statement of persons primarily and successfully vaccinated
for ten years ... ... ...
„
of vaccinations by establishments ... ...
„
No. I, particulars of vaccination ... ...
„
No. II, monthly number and results of vaccinations.
„
No. III, expenditure ... ... ...
„
No. IV, results of vaccination for six years ...
„
No. V, vaccinations in dispensaries ... ...
„
No. VI, vaccinations and small-pox in army ...
„
No. VII, inspections and small-pox deaths ...
Para.
22
15
15
17
44
55
45 to 54
54
37
5
65
8
41
40
7
43
62
9
61
11
57
59
58
60
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Page.
9
6 & 7
6
7 & 8
16
20 to 22
17 to 20
20
15
2 &3
25
4
16
16
4
16
24
4 &5
24
5
22
23
22 & 23
23 &24
36 & 37
ib.
38 to 55
56 to 59
60 to 72
73
74 to 83
84 to 86
88 to 98
No. 2631 OF 1876.
FROM
THE SURGEON-GENERAL,
INDIAN MEDICAL DEPARTMENT,
To
THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,
GENERAL DEPARTMENT.
Bombay, 4th July 1876.
SIR,
I have the honour to forward the annual report on vaccination
for 1875-76.
2. This report shows that vaccination has been considerably
extended at a comparatively less cost than in any one of the pre-
ceding 7 years. No changes of any importance have taken place
in the system during the year, but that of placing the vaccination
of civil populations in cantonments under this department.
3. There were 4 more vaccinators employed during the year.
4. The total number of persons vaccinated and re-vaccinated
was 808,353, or 75,729 of an increase over the previous year, of
which 18,822 were primary vaccinations and 56,907 re-vaccinations.
It is very gratifying to observe that there were 22,573 infantile
vaccinations more than in the preceding year : so, the percentage
being 46 on the total, 3 higher than in 1874-75. The whole in-
crease in primary vaccinations has been among infants, the best
possible sign of satisfactory progress that could be offered. The
great increase in re-vaccinations is chiefly noticed in Sind and the
city of Bombay. In the latter it is wholly due to the recent severe
epidemic of small-pox. Considering that in the previous report
Dr. Pinkerton estimated that eight-tenths of the available children
were primarily vaccinated, it is obvious that future progress must
be slow.
5. The disparity between the sexes is again less, but Aden
and Bombay city still show a large excess of males. In the for-
mer it is satisfactorily accounted for in this report by Dr. Hay,
and the same reason may be said to hold good in Bombay, viz.,
the objection of parents to bring their grown-up girls into public.
B 106—A
( 2 )
As regards caste, there is a large increase of Hindus and a
decrease of Musalmans, chiefly in Sind, where the subjects for
primary vaccination are said to have been fewer. The number of
Parsis is fully double that mentioned in the previous report, the
result of the epidemic in Bombay.
6. The percentage of success in primary vaccinations was
97, being higher than in the previous year; in re-vaccinations it was
85.2, also higher ; but there is considerable doubt of this latter
percentage being correct, owing to the difficulty of determining
what is a success. It would, I think, be well were re-vaccinations
tabulated under the heading " perfect " and " imperfect success",
instead of "successful" and "unsuccessful"; this, although open to
the objection that the vaccinators are not scientifically trained
medical officers, yet would, in my opinion, be an improvement, and
give more precise information on this point.
7. The work has been carried on in a population of 25,167,234.
In British territory 27.1 per mille of population were successfully
vaccinated primarily, and in native states 24.4. These figures
show an increase, respectively, of 0.2 and 2.1, and, on the whole
Presidency, 26.2 of primary successful vaccinations to popula-
tion.
8. The lymph, generally, was good, but in 4 circles had to
be renewed. The usual annual supply of lymph from England
was not received ; and I concur with Dr. Pinkerton that the Secre-
tary of State should be asked to send out 2 supplies, of 45 tubes
each, in October and November. Cow-lymph has been kept up in
Bombay throughout the year, and was found of the utmost value
during the epidemic;—in fact, without it, vaccination could not
have been carried on at all. Animal vaccination was also carried
in Poona and Bársi. I have also information that Surgeon-Major
C. Johnson, of the 3rd Regiment N. L. I., has introduced animal
vaccination at Kolkápur, and it has been practised by Honorary
Surgeon Sinclair in charge of the civil duties there.
9. The total cost was Rs. 2,22,802, or 2,138 of an increase,
which is entirely in the grants from municipalities, local funds, and
native states, there being a decrease of Rs. 1,874 in the Govern-
ment expenditure. Including all expenditure, the cost of each
successful case was 4 annas 11 pies, or 5 pies less than in the pre-
ceding year, and less than in any year of the last seven.
10. The inspections of 6 superintendents and of their 30
assistants were made in 13,038 villages, and they embraced
( 3 )
395,657 vaccinated persons, which is almost 50 per cent. of the
work of the year. I regret to observe that 12 vaccinators were
dismissed for falsification—2 in British terrítory and 10 in na-
tive states, 8 of whom were in Kattywar. The Superintendent
General of Vaccination, however, informs me the falsifications
were not numerous, and, in the case of those in British territory,
were made by young hands.
11. The conduct of the vaccinators has been, with the above
exceptions, generally good; that of the assistant superintendents
has also been good, with the exception of one in Kattywar and
another in the southern circle. Dr. Pinkerton says they have
worked zealously and well.
12. I regret to notice that inoculation is still said to be prac-
tised in Cutch, and that it has been so quite recently in the Rat¬
nágiri collectorate. If Government have the power of prohibiting
this, I think it should be exercised, now that each taluka has its
vaccinator.
13. In no instance was syphilis observed to have been com-
municated by vaccination.
14. The deaths from small-pox were 298 fewer than in the
preceding year ; but it is clear from Dr. Colah's and Mr. Ananta
Chandroba's investigations that these statistics are, at present,
very incorrect. Dr. Pinkerton has introduced a form on the re-
verse of the usual vaccination return, seen at page 20 of the report,
which, if carefully filled up by medical officers, will be of great use
in determining the exact value of vaccination at a future period.
15. The progress, as shown by circles, is satisfactory, the
presidency, southern, and central circles showing the greatest ad-
vance ; that in the two first being of the greatest importance, as
there is still room in these circles for a further advance. The
increase is very creditable to Dr. Raby; and I concur with Dr.
Pinkerton, that Mr. Assistant Surgeon Ananta Chandroba highly
deserves the thanks of Government for his zealous and uninter¬
mitting labours during the epidemic.
16. I am glad to observe that the superintendents used every
opportunity of inspecting the dispensaries, and of giving advice
regarding sanitation. I have much pleasure in bringing to the
notice of Government the report, by the Superintendent General,
that all these officers worked well, and performed their duties to his
entire satisfaction. Dr. Pinkerton especially notices Drs. Williams
and Cody as having their circles in perfect order. Government
( 4 )
will be pleased to notice the efforts of Dr. Dorabji Hormasji, medi-
cal officer to H. H. the Rao of Cutch, to improve the state of vacci-
nation in his territory.
17. It is gratifying to notice the remark by Dr. Pinkerton
in para. 111, that the past year's work is the best he has ever re-
corded. The work of vaccination has been so ably superintended
by this officer for above 8 years, as evidenced by the yearly pro-
gress it has made, that I cannot but regret the possibility of his
appointment being abolished; and I feel sure Government will
gladly recognize the great value of the services of this officer in
this special department of sanitation.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
WM. THOM, F.R.C.S.,
Surgeon-General.
REPORT
ON
VACCINATION THROUGHOUT THE BOMBAY
PRESIDENCY AND SIND
FOR THE YEAR 1875-76.
Divisions of
Report.
This is the eighth annual report of the Superintendent Ge-
neral of Vaccination. As usual, it will show : 1st, the work of
the past year as a whole ; 2nd, the progress vaccination has made
in each district; and, 3rd, the tables of figures, in which the number
of vaccinations, cost, &c., are given in the forms ordered by the
Government of India.
No changes
in Circles.
Contemplated
changes in
Circles.
2. No change has been made in the circles of vaccination;
but a proposal is now before the Government of India which, if ap-
proved, will cause the circles to be arranged after the manner of
the registration divisions. The circles will then stand thus :—1st,
Presidency Circle will include the island of Bombay as at present.
2nd, Konkan Circle will include all the districts below the gháts
except the city of Bombay. 3rd, Deccan Circle will include all
the districts above the gháts north of Satara. 4th, Southern
Mahratta Circle will include all the districts above the gháts south
of the Deccan Circle. 5th, Guzerat Circle will embrace the whole
of Guzerat. 6th, Kattywar Circle will include the province of
Kattywar and Pálanpur States. 7th, Sind Circle will embrace, as
at present, the whole of the province of that name. In addition
to these circles there are the other two in native states—viz. 8th,
Baroda Circle and, 9th, Cutch Circle—which embrace the territo-
ries of the respective states.
Compulsory
Vaccination
Act.
3. There has been no change in the " Bombay System of Vac-
cination " during the year, but a severe epidemic of small-pox in
the city of Bombay has again directed the mind of the public to
the advisability of having a Compulsory Vaccination Act for the city
of Bombay. Such a Bill (No. 4 of 1872) was before the Legisla-
tive Council in 1872, but was not carried through. I have written
a memorandum on the subject of small-pox epidemics in the city
of Bombay, and have recommended that a compulsory vaccination
Act for the city of Bombay be passed; and I have re-drafted the
B 106—a
2
Compulsory Vaccination Bill in accordance with the suggestions
made by the Government of India. The subject is now before
Government.
Cantonments
situated with-
in Circles to
be under Su-
perintendents
of Vaccina-
tion.
4. This Government in their Resolution No. 3550, dated 26th
November last, under instructions from the Government of India,
ordered that the vaccination of all cantonments situated within
vaccination circles shall be under the circle superintendents of
vaccination; and with reference to this, I recently submitted to the
Surgeon-General a detail of the changes and arrangements necessary
to carry out the orders. The principles laid down by the Govern-
ment of India are : —
A.—In all cantonments situated within the limits of a vaccina-
tion circle the work shall be done under the supervision and
direction of the superintendent of that circle.
B.—In cantonments not situated within the limits of a vacci-
nation circle, the work shall be done under the supervision
and direction of the local civil surgeon.
C.—The staff surgeon, or, where there is no staff surgeon,
the senior medical officer in the cantonment should co-operate
with the superintendent of vaccination or local civil surgeon,
as the case may be, and render him every practicable as-
sistance that may be required.
D.—In cantonments to which Rule A or B does not apply, the
work shall be done by the staff surgeon himself, or, if there
is no staff surgeon, by the senior medical officer.
* All natives residing
within cantonment limits
except native soldiers.
E.—In all cantonments in which the native * non-military
population amounts to or exceeds
10,000, a special vaccinator shall be
appointed and paid from cantonment
funds.
† All natives residing
within cantonment limits
except native soldiers.
F.—In all cantonments in which the native † non-military
population amounts to or exceeds
5,000, but is less than 10,000, the
cantonment funds shall contribute
half the yearly salary of a vaccinator;
cantonment committees being at liberty to have a special
vaccinator of their own if their funds admit of it.
G.—In the case of cantonments which have a native non-mili-
tary population exceeding 5,000, and which are unable to
meet wholly or partly the salary of a vaccinator, special
application should be made to the Government of India
through the Commander-in-Chief for the disbursement of
that salary from the Imperial revenues.
To carry out these orders will involve very few changes in this
Presidency, as they are almost identical with the method which has
been in use for years past.
Strength of
Department.
5. The strength of the department, as compared with the
preceding year, is shown below in Table No. I:—